622:
cities it temporarily played an important role. Membership in the strictly managed organization was a prerequisite for higher military service. The curriculum of the school included paramilitary exercises and sports, but also subjects such as finance, politics, and culture. The
Brotherhood became increasingly influential over time, as rich citizens of provincial cities used it to resist the authority of the central government. In the year 238 the Emperor Gordian I himself joined the organization. Emperor Diocletian restored the school. In the Christian era the original building, called the Basilica, was used as a church, using a Punic sarcophagus from the adjacent necropolis as an altar.
397:
549:
692:
41:
656:
54:
704:
668:
629:
1129:
408:
644:
122:
680:
61:
1013:
621:
Built around the year 200, this building complex was the meeting place of the "youth organization" or
Brotherhood, a kind of militia of young men, whose duties included policing and especially tax collection. The organization in Maktar consisted of about 70 members, and as in other Roman provincial
560:
Numerous inscriptions are recorded through the ruins. French archaeological excavations began in 1914, and were continued from 1944 on a large scale. Although not fully excavated, the ruins unearthed so far, especially of the thermal baths and the Schola of the
Juvenes, mark this as one of the most
600:
This rectangular paved gathering place was designed ca 116 AD under Trajan as a forum for the Roman population when Roman citizenship was granted to members of the local elite. (The indigenous population had its own forum 50m to the southwest.) The space was surrounded by a portico, and the south
569:
The site has several megaliths, large slabs evidently used in the burial of ashen remains. Excavations by
Mansour Ghaki of an intact burial chamber uncovered many ceramics of various origins, both local and imported, dating from the early third century BC.
580:
The temple of Hathor Miskar is well known because of the extensive excavations that were carried out there, even if the remains are poorly preserved. At the center of the sanctuary, archaeologists have found an altar dated to about
577:(Thugga). In addition, archaeologists have unearthed a Numidian-period public square that is thought to be the religious center of the city due to the presence of temples, which later housed a temple to Augustus and Rome.
513:(284–305). In late antiquity the Mactaris diocese of the Roman Church was founded, and Christianization of the city could be seen in the construction of numerous churches. The city was mentioned in the 5th-century
788:
3072:
2159:
2646:
1799:
157:
1031:
2626:
2651:
613:
rise to 15 m. The building was constructed around the year 200 AD and is decorated with oriental foliage on the capitals and with a beautiful mosaic floor.
447:
refugees flocked to Maktar, bringing their culture and skills. Buildings, civic organization, and language were strongly influenced by the
Carthaginians.
2555:
728:
1510:
919:
1581:
152:
1845:
509:
The troubles of the third century, which ushered in the decline of the Roman Empire, also affected Maktar. The decline was halted awhile under
2631:
1257:
1117:
3062:
2656:
2641:
1095:
3052:
1515:
1505:
2027:
1252:
1247:
2636:
1576:
1429:
514:
2869:
2915:
2032:
2022:
1840:
1434:
1262:
1166:
2037:
879:
Ilẹvbare, J.A. (June 1974). "The Impact of the
Carthaginians and the Romans on the Administrative System of the Maghreb Part I".
589:
85:
1046:
974:
450:
Roman occupation at first retained the Punic government and administration through the consular-style magistracy of the
1000:
765:
Each year, the city hosts a festival called the "Maktaris
Festival," which serves as an economic boost for the region.
1110:
415:
In the 3rd century BC the
Numidians built a strategic fortress at the site, chosen to control trade routes between
719:
Although the Roman diocese effectively ceased operating with the arrival of the
Islamic armies, the see remains a
691:
3047:
533:
291:
53:
3067:
290:, it reversed its earlier role to serve as a defense post against local Berber attacks. The town survived the
3057:
1125:
1103:
388:, with cold winters and warm summers and occasional snowfall during the months of January and February.
655:
396:
356:, which became Colonia Aelia Aurelia Mactaris upon its elevation to colony status. This name was later
1133:
667:
1041:, Studi Africanistici: Quaderni di Studi Berberi e Libico-Berberi, Naples: Unior, pp. 65–71,
2941:
2565:
495:
467:
132:
2108:
703:
643:
628:
1154:
2480:
1586:
866:
824:
573:
The site includes an example of Punic mausoleum pyramid, similar to the mausoleum of Atban at
2833:
1728:
1288:
1272:
1087:
609:
The Great Baths are among the best preserved of their kind in North Africa. The walls of the
349:
188:
2255:
1171:
548:
2981:
2169:
1652:
1596:
2900:
1444:
8:
2666:
2586:
2047:
1911:
1541:
1394:
1348:
553:
526:
385:
302:
century before being reëstablished. The present town had a population of 13,576 in 2014.
239:
221:
217:
137:
1196:
2879:
2732:
2310:
1936:
1809:
1794:
1713:
1328:
1145:
944:
888:
40:
1014:"Festival international de Maktaris : Madha à l'ouverture, Bouchnak à la clôture"
679:
2925:
2621:
2381:
2178:
1683:
1561:
1525:
1052:
1042:
1039:
La Lingua nella Vita e la Vita della Lingua: Itinerari e
Percorsi degli Studi Berberi
932:
503:
380:
at around 900 m (2,953 ft) above sea level. It sits on the other side of a
2596:
2459:
2421:
2190:
1490:
1480:
1384:
1081:
475:
287:
255:
2783:
1896:
1673:
2788:
2495:
2441:
2406:
2295:
2185:
1860:
1764:
803:
436:
243:
205:
2778:
2331:
861:"Inscription de l'Henchir Makter (Colonia Aelia Aurelia Mactaris)" 27 juin 1884
592:
of 2012 to add various pre-Islamic monuments to the Unesco World Heritage List.
2905:
2818:
2793:
2722:
2535:
2396:
2376:
2215:
2195:
1789:
1779:
1703:
1571:
1500:
1419:
724:
341:
329:
317:
279:
251:
2361:
1212:
1032:"Toponymie et Onomastique Libyques: L'Apport de l'Écriture Punique/Néopunique"
3041:
2966:
2768:
2611:
2530:
2416:
2265:
2134:
2007:
1916:
1708:
1617:
1460:
1222:
1056:
518:
499:
271:
263:
100:
87:
2336:
1232:
1073:
2971:
2823:
2813:
2808:
2581:
2540:
2351:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2205:
2073:
2063:
2017:
1901:
1891:
1668:
1389:
1374:
1303:
863:
Comptes rendus des séances de l'Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres
601:
side is still dominated by the majestic and well-preserved Arch of Trajan.
1967:
3007:
3002:
2946:
2574:
2411:
2356:
2346:
2250:
2210:
2129:
2002:
1997:
1637:
1181:
720:
610:
471:
357:
2117:
1830:
1784:
1556:
892:
2859:
2849:
2803:
2798:
2692:
2341:
2230:
2144:
2088:
2056:
1952:
1921:
1850:
1759:
1632:
1612:
1313:
1293:
1161:
537:
510:
384:
from the Roman ruins and is known for its scenic views. The town has a
295:
2702:
2386:
1881:
1744:
1485:
1323:
2842:
2763:
2687:
2520:
2515:
2510:
2485:
2391:
2371:
2290:
2139:
2093:
2083:
1977:
1737:
1693:
1678:
1622:
1470:
1409:
1281:
1217:
1186:
540:
in 1050 led to the complete destruction and abandonment of the site.
428:
407:
179:
2990:
2956:
2951:
2753:
2606:
2601:
2300:
2225:
2098:
2078:
1962:
1886:
1749:
1688:
1661:
1605:
1465:
1414:
1318:
1308:
741:
420:
283:
2426:
1453:
262:
BC. Under Roman rule, it obtained the status of a free city under
121:
3012:
2997:
2961:
2910:
2895:
2712:
2697:
2675:
2436:
2431:
2401:
2366:
2285:
2235:
2220:
2200:
2068:
2012:
1972:
1926:
1876:
1769:
1698:
1642:
1627:
1566:
1546:
1495:
1424:
1404:
1399:
1369:
1357:
1298:
1237:
1128:
522:
487:
479:
432:
416:
377:
235:
232:
225:
125:
1205:
997:
Bringing in the Sheaves: Economy and Metaphor in the Roman World
3022:
2888:
2864:
2854:
2773:
2758:
2748:
2741:
2717:
2682:
2616:
2545:
2525:
2505:
2500:
2490:
2475:
2326:
2319:
2245:
2240:
2154:
2149:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1957:
1945:
1906:
1869:
1835:
1818:
1754:
1718:
1551:
1475:
1379:
1364:
1333:
1242:
1176:
1080:
907:
Latino-Punic Epigraphy: A Descriptive Study of the Inscriptions
848:
Henri Marrou Irenaeus, André Mandouze, Anne-Marie Bonnardière,
635:
574:
491:
483:
444:
424:
381:
373:
247:
3017:
2934:
2707:
2591:
2550:
2260:
1774:
1534:
1338:
1227:
457:
452:
369:
286:
and was the seat of a Christian bishop. Under the Romans and
958:
Géographie de l'Afrique chrétienne, Byzacène et Tripolitaine
2468:
2124:
1825:
368:
It is located around 140 km (87 mi) southwest of
184:
456:, while Roman immigrants largely remained in a separate
312:
The Carthaginians recorded the town's name variously as
502:
status, whereby all residents were automatically given
973:, Volume IV "St. Augustine" (Cosimo, Inc., 1 May 2007)
498:. The city received a uniform Roman constitution and
723:
of the Roman Catholic Church, and there have been 20
556:- the Punic language "grand dedicatory inscription"
466:). Mactaris grew into one of the richest cities in
986:known only from inscription in Basilica at Maktar.
830:
3073:Ancient Roman buildings and structures in Tunisia
733:Six bishops are known from antiquity, including:
3039:
1111:
588:The Tunisian government included the site in
971:Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers: First Series
881:Journal of the Historical Society of Nigeria
427:. The establishment grew rapidly, and under
850:Prosopography of Christian Africa (303–533)
461:
1118:
1104:
1078:
515:Notitia provinciarum et civitatum Africae
372:and 60 km (37 mi) southeast of
878:
547:
406:
395:
564:
220:, is a town and archaeological site in
3040:
521:. Maktar survived the invasion of the
1099:
1029:
836:
784:
782:
561:remarkable ancient sites in Tunisia.
1091:. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
999:(University of Toronto Press, 2013)
865:/ Année 1884 / Volume 28 / Numéro 2
345:
333:
321:
16:Town in Siliana Governorate, Tunisia
3063:Roman amphitheaters in North Africa
209:
13:
3053:Former populated places in Tunisia
960:(Montreuil-sur-Mer 1894), 127–133.
779:
727:since 1514. The current bishop is
616:
536:, but the devastating raid of the
474:, livestock, and textiles between
14:
3084:
1079:Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913).
1067:
933:Titular Episcopal See of Mactaris
791:National Institute of Statistics
431:developed into a major center of
402:Atlas archéologique de la Tunisie
1127:
702:
690:
678:
666:
654:
642:
627:
120:
59:
52:
39:
1023:
1006:
989:
980:
963:
950:
938:
926:
595:
912:
899:
872:
855:
842:
813:
808:Les cités de l'Afrique romaine
797:
604:
543:
470:as a transit point for grain,
60:
1:
768:
773:
714:
376:. The modern town lies on a
363:
7:
947:, at catholic-hierarchy.org
823:, Volume 3 (Straker, 1843)
810:. 1981, Bd. 2, pp. 289–295.
278:146. It formed part of the
10:
3089:
760:
747:Adelfius fl.484 (Catholic)
737:Marcus of Mactaris fl 325.
391:
238:as a defense post against
231:Maktar was founded by the
213:
2980:
2924:
2878:
2832:
2731:
2665:
2564:
2458:
2454:
2309:
2168:
2107:
2046:
1935:
1859:
1808:
1727:
1651:
1595:
1524:
1443:
1347:
1271:
1195:
1144:
1140:
294:but was destroyed by the
246:, it was settled by many
178:
170:
165:
148:
143:
131:
116:
81:
47:
38:
31:
21:
649:Forum and Arch of Trajan
525:and became an important
2566:Sidi Bouzid Governorate
1030:Ghaki, Mansour (2015),
821:Origines Ecclesiasticae
494:(97–117), the city was
307:
3048:Roman sites in Tunisia
920:"Epigraphik Datenbank"
789:Population Census 2004
557:
462:
412:
404:
240:Carthaginian expansion
3068:Ancient Berber cities
2834:Tataouine Governorate
1729:Kasserine Governorate
1289:Bou Mhel el-Bassatine
1273:Ben Arous Governorate
1088:Catholic Encyclopedia
909:(Mohr Siebeck, 2010).
551:
410:
399:
2982:Zaghouan Governorate
2627:Al Ahouaz-El Assouda
2170:Monastir Governorate
2109:Médenine Governorate
1653:Kairouan Governorate
1597:Jendouba Governorate
697:Basilica of Rutilius
565:Pre-Roman structures
532:Maktar survived the
242:. At the end of the
101:35.86056°N 9.20583°E
3058:Communes of Tunisia
2667:Siliana Governorate
2587:Cebbala Ouled Asker
2481:Bir Ali Ben Khélifa
2048:Manouba Governorate
1912:Sakiet Sidi Youssef
1395:Menzel Abderrahmane
1349:Bizerte Governorate
1134:Communes of Tunisia
740:Comparitor fl.411 (
554:Maktar inscriptions
386:continental climate
250:refugees after the
222:Siliana Governorate
138:Siliana Governorate
97: /
73:Location in Tunisia
2880:Tozeur Governorate
2733:Sousse Governorate
2311:Nabeul Governorate
2256:Ksibet el-Médiouni
1937:Mahdia Governorate
1810:Kébili Governorate
1172:Kalâat el-Andalous
1146:Ariana Governorate
756:Victor 6th century
558:
413:
405:
171: • Total
149: • Mayor
3035:
3034:
3031:
3030:
2926:Tunis Governorate
2901:El Hamma du Jérid
2622:Sidi Ali Ben Aoun
2450:
2449:
1526:Gafsa Governorate
1445:Gabès Governorate
1048:978-88-6719-125-3
935:at GCatholic.org.
729:Pedro Dulay Arigo
504:Roman citizenship
298:tribe in the 11th
254:' destruction of
212:), also known by
195:
194:
161:
106:35.86056; 9.20583
3080:
2597:Menzel Bouzaiane
2460:Sfax Governorate
2456:
2455:
2191:Amiret El Hojjaj
1491:Nouvelle Matmata
1385:Menzel Bourguiba
1197:Béja Governorate
1142:
1141:
1132:
1131:
1120:
1113:
1106:
1097:
1096:
1092:
1084:
1082:"Mactaris"
1063:
1059:
1036:
1018:
1017:
1010:
1004:
993:
987:
984:
978:
967:
961:
954:
948:
942:
936:
930:
924:
923:
916:
910:
905:Robert M. Kerr,
903:
897:
896:
876:
870:
859:
853:
846:
840:
834:
828:
819:Joseph Bingham,
817:
811:
801:
795:
794:
786:
706:
694:
682:
670:
658:
646:
631:
584:
534:Muslim invasions
465:
442:
437:fall of Carthage
347:
339:
335:
327:
323:
315:
301:
292:Muslim invasions
277:
270:BC and became a
269:
261:
211:
155:
124:
112:
111:
109:
108:
107:
102:
98:
95:
94:
93:
90:
63:
62:
56:
43:
19:
18:
3088:
3087:
3083:
3082:
3081:
3079:
3078:
3077:
3038:
3037:
3036:
3027:
2976:
2920:
2874:
2828:
2727:
2661:
2560:
2446:
2442:Zaouiet Djedidi
2407:Menzel Bouzelfa
2305:
2186:Amiret El Fhoul
2164:
2103:
2042:
1931:
1861:Kef Governorate
1855:
1804:
1765:Magel Bel Abbes
1723:
1647:
1591:
1520:
1511:Menzel El Habib
1439:
1343:
1267:
1191:
1136:
1126:
1124:
1070:
1061:
1049:
1034:
1026:
1021:
1012:
1011:
1007:
995:Brent D. Shaw,
994:
990:
985:
981:
969:Philip Schaff,
968:
964:
955:
951:
943:
939:
931:
927:
918:
917:
913:
904:
900:
877:
873:
860:
856:
847:
843:
835:
831:
818:
814:
804:Claude Lepelley
802:
798:
792:
787:
780:
776:
771:
763:
725:titular bishops
717:
710:
707:
698:
695:
686:
683:
674:
671:
662:
659:
650:
647:
638:
632:
619:
617:Scholia Juvenum
607:
598:
582:
567:
546:
440:
394:
366:
346:𐤌𐤊𐤕𐤏𐤓𐤉𐤌
337:
325:
313:
310:
299:
275:
267:
259:
244:Third Punic War
105:
103:
99:
96:
91:
88:
86:
84:
83:
77:
76:
75:
74:
71:
70:
69:
68:
64:
34:
27:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3086:
3076:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3060:
3055:
3050:
3033:
3032:
3029:
3028:
3026:
3025:
3020:
3015:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2986:
2984:
2978:
2977:
2975:
2974:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2949:
2944:
2939:
2930:
2928:
2922:
2921:
2919:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2903:
2898:
2893:
2884:
2882:
2876:
2875:
2873:
2872:
2867:
2862:
2857:
2852:
2847:
2838:
2836:
2830:
2829:
2827:
2826:
2821:
2819:Zaouiet Sousse
2816:
2811:
2806:
2801:
2796:
2794:Ksibet Thrayet
2791:
2786:
2781:
2776:
2771:
2766:
2761:
2756:
2751:
2746:
2737:
2735:
2729:
2728:
2726:
2725:
2723:Sidi Bou Rouis
2720:
2715:
2710:
2705:
2700:
2695:
2690:
2685:
2680:
2671:
2669:
2663:
2662:
2660:
2659:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2570:
2568:
2562:
2561:
2559:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2543:
2538:
2536:Sakiet Eddaier
2533:
2528:
2523:
2518:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2493:
2488:
2483:
2478:
2473:
2464:
2462:
2452:
2451:
2448:
2447:
2445:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2399:
2394:
2389:
2384:
2379:
2377:Hammam Ghezeze
2374:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2349:
2344:
2339:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2315:
2313:
2307:
2306:
2304:
2303:
2298:
2293:
2288:
2283:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2233:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2216:Bennane-Bodher
2213:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2196:Amiret Touazra
2193:
2188:
2183:
2174:
2172:
2166:
2165:
2163:
2162:
2157:
2152:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2113:
2111:
2105:
2104:
2102:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2052:
2050:
2044:
2043:
2041:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1985:
1980:
1975:
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334:𐤌𐤊𐤕𐤓𐤏𐤌
331:
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264:Julius Caesar
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153:Chedli Louati
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82:Coordinates:
80:
55:
46:
42:
37:
30:
20:
2989:
2972:Sidi Hassine
2933:
2887:
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2824:Chott Meriem
2814:Sidi El Hani
2809:Sidi Bou Ali
2779:Kalâa Kebira
2740:
2674:
2582:Bir El Hafey
2573:
2541:Sakiet Ezzit
2467:
2352:Dar Chaabane
2332:Béni Khalled
2318:
2281:Menzel Kamel
2276:Menzel Hayet
2271:Menzel Farsi
2206:Bembla-Mnara
2177:
2116:
2074:Douar Hicher
2064:Borj El Amri
2055:
2018:Sidi Alouane
1944:
1902:Menzel Salem
1892:Kalaat Senan
1868:
1846:Rjim Maatoug
1817:
1736:
1669:Ain Djeloula
1660:
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1390:Menzel Jemil
1375:Ghar El Melh
1356:
1304:Hammam Chott
1280:
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1024:Bibliography
1008:
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837:Ghaki (2015)
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815:
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732:
718:
661:Amphitheatre
620:
608:
599:
596:Trajan Forum
590:its proposal
587:
579:
572:
568:
559:
531:
508:
468:the province
451:
449:
435:. After the
414:
401:
367:
353:
352:the name as
311:
304:
272:Roman colony
230:
201:
197:
196:
3008:Bir Mcherga
3003:Djebel Oust
2947:La Goulette
2632:Baten Ghzal
2575:Sidi Bouzid
2412:Menzel Horr
2362:El Maâmoura
2357:El Haouaria
2347:Dar Allouch
2251:Ksar Hellal
2211:Beni Hassen
2130:Ben Gardane
2003:Mellouleche
1998:Ksour Essef
1638:Oued Melliz
1258:Sidi Ismail
1213:El Maâgoula
1182:Sidi Thabet
1074:Lexicorient
1062:(in French)
867:pp. 281-286
793:(in French)
721:titular see
611:frigidarium
605:Large baths
552:One of the
544:Archaeology
360:as Maktar.
322:𐤌𐤊𐤕𐤓𐤌
214:other names
158:Civil Union
133:Governorate
104: /
3042:Categories
2860:Ghomrassen
2850:Bir Lahmar
2799:Messaadine
2693:El Aroussa
2657:Souk Jedid
2342:Bou Argoub
2337:Béni Khiar
2231:El Masdour
2145:Houmt Souk
2089:Oued Ellil
2057:La Manouba
1953:Bou Merdes
1922:Tajerouine
1851:Souk Lahad
1760:Jedelienne
1633:Ghardimaou
1618:Beni M'Tir
1613:Ain Draham
1542:El Guettar
1314:Hammam Lif
1294:El Mourouj
1233:Téboursouk
1162:Ettadhamen
956:Toulotte,
769:References
538:Beni Hilal
529:fortress.
511:Diocletian
296:Banu Hilal
288:Byzantines
166:Population
144:Government
89:35°51′38″N
2843:Tataouine
2764:Ezzouhour
2688:Bou Arada
2521:El Hencha
2516:Kerkennah
2511:Jebiniana
2486:Bir Salah
2392:Kerkouane
2372:Grombalia
2291:Ouerdanin
2140:Boughrara
2094:Mornaguia
2084:El Battan
1978:Essouassi
1968:El Bradâa
1800:Ezzouhour
1738:Kasserine
1714:Nasrallah
1694:Oueslatia
1679:Bou Hajla
1623:Bou Salem
1587:Sidi Aïch
1516:Teboulbou
1506:Bouchemma
1471:Ghannouch
1410:Ras Jebel
1329:Mohamedia
1282:Ben Arous
1218:Goubellat
1187:La Soukra
1057:2283-5636
774:Citations
715:Bishopric
527:Byzantine
496:romanized
458:community
443:BC, many
429:Masinissa
364:Geography
350:latinized
236:Numidians
218:antiquity
180:Time zone
92:9°12′21″E
2991:Zaghouan
2957:Le Bardo
2952:La Marsa
2942:Carthage
2754:Bouficha
2647:Mansoura
2607:Mezzouna
2602:Meknassy
2382:Hammamet
2301:Teboulba
2226:Cherahil
2179:Monastir
2118:Médenine
2099:Tebourba
2079:Djedeida
2028:Sidi Zid
1963:Chorbane
1887:El Ksour
1831:El Golâa
1795:El Ayoun
1785:Thélepte
1750:Foussana
1689:Echrarda
1662:Kairouan
1606:Jendouba
1562:Moulares
1557:Métlaoui
1466:El Hamma
1415:Sejenane
1319:Khalidia
1309:Fouchana
1253:Slouguia
1248:Ouchtata
945:Mactaris
893:41857007
753:Rutilius
750:Germanus
742:Donatist
709:Basilica
634:Arch of
517:and the
490:. Under
480:Sufetula
476:Carthage
421:Kairouan
358:arabized
354:Mactaris
284:Byzacena
280:province
256:Carthage
3013:Nadhour
2998:El Fahs
2962:Le Kram
2911:Tamerza
2896:Degache
2804:M'saken
2713:Makthar
2703:Gaâfour
2698:El Krib
2676:Siliana
2642:Essaïda
2637:Bennour
2556:El Amra
2437:Tazerka
2432:Takelsa
2422:Soliman
2402:Korbous
2387:Kélibia
2367:El Mida
2286:Moknine
2236:Ghenada
2221:Bouhjar
2201:Bekalta
2069:Den Den
2013:Rejiche
1927:Touiref
1882:Jérissa
1877:Dahmani
1770:Sbeitla
1745:Fériana
1699:Haffouz
1684:Chebika
1643:Tabarka
1628:Fernana
1577:Belkhir
1567:Redeyef
1547:El Ksar
1496:Oudhref
1486:Métouia
1481:Matmata
1430:Joumine
1425:Ghezala
1405:Raf Raf
1400:Metline
1370:El Alia
1358:Bizerte
1324:Mégrine
1299:Ezzahra
1238:Testour
1016:. 2022.
852:p 1314.
761:Culture
523:Vandals
488:Tebessa
453:sufetes
433:Numidia
417:Sbeitla
392:History
378:plateau
338:mktʿrym
336:), and
226:Tunisia
216:during
202:Makthar
126:Tunisia
117:Country
3023:Saouaf
2994:(seat)
2938:(seat)
2916:Hazoua
2892:(seat)
2889:Tozeur
2865:Remada
2855:Dehiba
2846:(seat)
2789:Kondar
2774:Hergla
2759:Enfida
2749:Akouda
2745:(seat)
2742:Sousse
2718:Rouhia
2683:Bargou
2679:(seat)
2617:Regueb
2578:(seat)
2546:Skhira
2526:Mahres
2506:Gremda
2501:Graiba
2496:El Ain
2491:Chihia
2476:Agareb
2472:(seat)
2327:Azmour
2323:(seat)
2320:Nabeul
2296:Sayada
2246:Khniss
2241:Jemmal
2182:(seat)
2155:Zarzis
2150:Midoun
2121:(seat)
2060:(seat)
2033:Tlelsa
2023:Hkaima
1993:Kerker
1988:Hiboun
1983:Hebira
1973:El Jem
1958:Chebba
1949:(seat)
1946:Mahdia
1907:Nebeur
1873:(seat)
1870:Le Kef
1841:Faouar
1836:Djemna
1822:(seat)
1819:Kébili
1755:Haidra
1741:(seat)
1719:Sbikha
1665:(seat)
1609:(seat)
1552:Mdhila
1538:(seat)
1476:Mareth
1457:(seat)
1435:Utique
1380:Mateur
1365:Aousja
1361:(seat)
1334:Mornag
1285:(seat)
1263:Thibar
1243:Amdoun
1209:(seat)
1177:Raoued
1167:Mnihla
1158:(seat)
1155:Ariana
1055:
1045:
891:
825:p. 241
636:Trajan
583:
575:Dougga
500:colony
492:Trajan
486:, and
484:Thugga
441:
439:in 146
425:El Kef
423:, and
382:ravine
374:El Kef
326:mktrʿm
300:
276:
268:
260:
258:in 146
252:Romans
233:Berber
206:Arabic
198:Maktar
174:13,576
67:Maktar
23:Maktar
3018:Zriba
2935:Tunis
2906:Nefta
2708:Kesra
2652:Rahal
2592:Jilma
2551:Thyna
2427:Somâa
2397:Korba
2261:Lamta
2038:Zelba
1780:Thala
1775:Sbiba
1572:Sened
1535:Gafsa
1501:Zarat
1454:Gabès
1420:Tinja
1339:Rades
1228:Nefza
1035:(PDF)
889:JSTOR
463:pagus
445:Punic
370:Tunis
342:Punic
330:Punic
318:Punic
314:mktrm
274:in AD
266:in 46
248:Punic
2870:Smâr
2469:Sfax
2125:Ajim
1917:Sers
1826:Douz
1674:Alaâ
1582:Lela
1206:Béja
1053:ISSN
1043:ISBN
975:p500
585:BC.
308:Name
210:مكثر
185:UTC1
33:Town
26:مكثر
1001:p56
581:100
472:oil
324:),
282:of
200:or
189:CET
3044::
1085:.
1060:.
1051:,
1037:,
883:.
806::
781:^
506:.
482:,
478:,
419:,
344::
332::
320::
228:.
224:,
208::
160:)
1119:e
1112:t
1105:v
1003:.
977:.
922:.
895:.
885:7
869:.
827:.
744:)
460:(
340:(
328:(
316:(
204:(
191:)
187:(
156:(
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