310:, with the French expelling thousands of Somalis before the referendum reached the polls. The majority of those who had voted no were Somalis who were strongly in favour of joining a united Somalia, as Harbi had proposed. After the launch of French President Charles de Gaulle, which states that France be with the republics that accept this Constitution, Mahmoud who campaign against the constitution and demanded the right to decide the fate of the French colony in the Horn of Africa, and he led a demonstration against the Constitution of de Gaulle, Vobad for presidency government, and dismissed as well as all the ministers who supported his position.
267:, who in the mid-1950s allegedly expressed a desire to see all foreigners expelled from Djibouti. Harbi capitalized on the blunder by coming to the defense of the foreign communities. As a consequence, he gained the material support of the resident Arabs in general and of Ali Coubeche in particular, son of one of the territory's wealthier merchants. Harbi would later appoint Coubeche as Finance Minister in his Cabinet.
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When he returned to
Djibouti in 1946, and began his career working in the port of Djibouti, and then became president of the Union of Somali workers, and in 1947 founded the Democratic Union Party, which branched off from the union, he was able in his youth that dominates the political scene for a
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and worked there as a waiter in one of the restaurants and while he became aware of visitors to the restaurant, most of whom were foreign tourists and benefited from cultural differences. He volunteer, sailor in the French Navy with the brother of the Sultan of
Tadjoura, Ibrahim Mohamed in the
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to decide whether or not to be an independent country or to remain with France. The plebiscite turned out in favour of a continued association with France, partly due to a combined yes vote by the sizable Afar ethnic group and resident
Europeans. There was also widespread
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On 29 September 1960, Harbi and his comrades Djama
Mahamoud Boreh and Mohamed Gahanlo were killed on a flight from Geneva to Cairo when the plane crashed. Speculation that the
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clan. He learned Arabic and the Quran from a young age. When he was seventeen his father died in 1938. He was forced to work and headed towards the capital
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333:. On 29 September 1960, he and several of his associates died in a plane crash under mysterious circumstances in Italy on a return trip from
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was involved is unsupported by evidence. He went to
African and European capitals in order to reach the goal of liberation before he died.
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politician whom Harbi would eventually take under his wing. Bourhan subsequently served in the territory's representative council as a
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Virginia
Thompson, Richard Adloff, Djibouti and the Horn of Africa, (Stanford University Press: 1968), p.68.
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329:, where he frequently joined Somali radio programs and preached Pan-Somalism to the Somalis of the
221:. He nearly died when the French warship crashed, which was being served where the Germans in the
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After
Independence: Making and Protecting the Nation in Postcolonial and Postcommunist States
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Somali
Nationalism: International Politics and the Drive for Unity in the Horn of Africa
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who in return (as is customary) backed him with funds. Harbi's main political rival was
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politician, strongly supporting Harbi's independence-oriented platform.
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In 1958, on the eve of neighboring
Somalia's independence in 1960, a
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Deputies of the 3rd
National Assembly of the French Fourth Republic
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Deputies of the 1st National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
168:) (1921 – 29 September 1960) was a Djiboutian politician of
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1st Vice President of the Government Council of French Somaliland
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229:. He later joined the colonial army, and was awarded the
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Recipients of the Croix de Guerre 1939–1945 (France)
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Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in Italy
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594:Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in 1960
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251:decade. He increased his circle of friends in the
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255:through gifts such as the lions he gave to the
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529:page on the French National Assembly website
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579:French military personnel of World War II
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208:family from the Fourlaba sub-clan of the
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55:30 July 1957 – 8 December 1958
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414:Virginia Thompson, Richard Adloff,
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184:from 1957 to December 1958, during
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481:Translations on Sub-Saharan Africa
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282:campaign, Harbi was introduced to
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325:Harbi would eventually settle in
483:, Issues 464-492, (1966), p.24.
465:Encyclopedia of African history
416:Djibouti and the Horn of Africa
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574:Political history of Djibouti
554:People from Ali Sabieh Region
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180:of the Government Council of
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188:'s pre-independence period.
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467:, (CRC Press: 2005), p.360.
437:Jacques Foccart et Ali Aref
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315:Organisation armée secrète
274:, a former comrade in the
501:Africa, angry young giant
497:Hempstone, Smith (1961).
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510:Touval, Saadia (1999).
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265:Hassan Gouled Aptidon
166:Maxamuud Xarbi Faarax
78:Hassan Gouled Aptidon
16:Djiboutian politician
450:Barrington, Lowell,
261:King of Saudi Arabia
150:Mahamoud Harbi Farah
463:Kevin Shillington,
360:History of Djibouti
386:Worldstatesmen.com
272:Sultan of Tadjoura
196:Harbi was born in
121:September 29, 1960
66:Office Established
303:French Somaliland
225:, but he went to
223:Mediterranean Sea
182:French Somaliland
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125:(aged 38–39)
106:French Somaliland
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246:Political career
219:Second World War
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138:Republican Union
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270:Through the
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174:pan-Somalist
158:محمود الحربي
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123:(1960-09-29)
73:Succeeded by
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25:محمود الحربي
549:1960 deaths
544:1921 births
321:Later years
278:during the
276:French army
253:Middle East
61:Preceded by
538:Categories
505:. Praeger.
491:References
299:referendum
286:, a young
198:Ali Sabieh
102:Ali Sabieh
327:Mogadishu
192:Biography
51:In office
382:Djibouti
349:See also
259:and the
214:Djibouti
202:Djibouti
186:Djibouti
111:Djibouti
292:Harbist
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335:Geneva
231:French
227:France
206:Somali
170:Somali
162:Somali
154:Arabic
366:Notes
343:Egypt
339:Cairo
128:Italy
109:(now
516:ISBN
288:Afar
210:Issa
118:Died
93:Born
337:to
238:in
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152:(
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