Terra Australis - Knowledge

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discovered in the South-Sea, and named George's Land, is about fifteen hundred Leagues to the Westward and to Leeward of the Coast of Peru, and about five-and-thirty Leagues in circumference; that its principal and almost sole national Advantage is, its Situation for exploring the Terra Incognita of the Southern Hemisphere. The Endeavour, a North-Country Cat, is purchased by the Government, and commanded by a Lieutenant of the Navy; she is fitting out at Deptford for the South-Sea, thought to be intended for the newly-discovered Island". The aims of the expedition were revealed in days following: "To-morrow morning Mr. Banks, Dr. Solano , with Mr. Green, the Astronomer, will set out for Deal, to embark on board the Endeavour, Capt. Cook, for the South Seas, under the direction of the Royal Society, to observe the Transit of Venus next summer, and to make discoveries to the South and West of Cape Horn". The London

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stature miles . This is a greater extent than the whole civilized part of Asia, from Turkey to the eastern extremity of China. There is at present no trade from Europe thither, though the scraps from this table would be sufficient to maintain the power, dominion, and sovereignty of Britain, by employing all its manufacturers and ships. Whoever considers the Peruvian empire, where arts and industry flourished under one of the wisest systems of government, which was founded by a stranger, must have very sanguine expectations of the southern continent, from whence it is more than probable Mango Capac, the first Inca, was derived, and must be convinced that the country, from whence Mango Capac introduced the comforts of civilized life, cannot fail of amply rewarding the fortunate people who shall bestow letters instead of quippos (

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shores because after one voyage and another that route has been given up and unless sailors are forced and driven by stress of winds it is seldom visited. The terra Australis begins at two or three degrees below the equator and it is said by some to be of such magnitude that if at any time it is fully discovered they think it will be the fifth part of the world. Adjoining Guinea on the right are the numerous and vast Solomon Islands which lately became famous by the voyage of Alvarus Mendanius.

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alteram nauigationem, curfus ille intermissus fit, & nisi coactis impulsifquc nautis ventorum turbine, rarius eò adnauigetur. Australis terra initium sumit duobus aut tribes gradibus fub aequatore, tantaeque a quibufdam magnitudinis esse perhibetur, vt fi quando integrè deteda erit, quintam illam mundi partem fore arbitrentur. Guinea a dextris adhrent Salomoniae insulae multae & quae nauigatione Aluari Mendanij nuper inclaruêre, &c. Cornelius Wytfliet,

3657: 803: 58: 1440: 655:). By "vndtere Presill", the Zeytung meant that part of Brazil in the lower latitudes, but Schöner mistook it to mean the land on the southern side of the "strait", in higher latitudes, and so gave to it the opposite meaning. On this slender foundation he constructed his circum-Antarctic continent to which, for the reasons that he does not explain, he gave an annular, or ring shape. In an accompanying explanatory treatise, 1107: 402: 570: 905:"Those who sailed with the yacht of Pedro Fernando de Quiros in the neighbourhood of New Guinea to 10 degrees westward through many islands and shoals and over 23 and 24 fathoms for as many as 40 days, estimated that Nova Guinea does not extend beyond 10 degrees to the south; if this be so, then the land from 9 to 14 degrees would be a separate land". 559: 592:, from the late 15th century on, proved that Africa was almost entirely surrounded by sea, and that the Indian Ocean was accessible from both west and east. These discoveries reduced the area where the continent could be found; however, many cartographers held to Aristotle's opinion. Scientists such as 1272:, but by a slip of the pen the name "Java" (which Polo did not himself visit) was substituted for "Champa" as the point of departure, thereby mis-locating Sumatra and Locach south of Java (rather than Champa). Consequently, some geographers believed that Sumatra and Locach were near, or extensions of, 842:

The terra Australis is therefore the southernmost of all other lands, directly beneath the antarctic circle; extending beyond the tropic of Capricorn to the West, it ends almost at the equator itself, and separated by a narrow strait lies on the East opposite to New Guinea, only known so far by a few

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Australis igitur terra omnium aliarum terrarum australissima, directe subiecta antarctico circulo, Tropicum Capricorni vltra ad Occidentem excurrens, in ipfo penè aequatore finitur, tenuique difcreta freto Nouam Guineam Orienti obijcit, paucis tãtum hactenus littoribus cognitam, quòd post vnam atque

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The number of inhabitants in the Southern Continent is probably more than 50 millions, considering the extent, from the eastern part discovered by Juan Fernandez, to the western coast seen by Tasman, is about 100 deg. of longitude, which in the latitude of 40 deg. amounts to 4596 geographic, or 5323

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The Portuguese, thus, sailed around this region, the Brasilie Regio, and discovered the passage very similar to that of our Europe (where we reside) and situated laterally between east and west. From one side the land on the other is visible; and the cape of this region about 60 miles away, much as

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Duo sunt habitabiles, quorum australis ille, in quo qui insistunt adversa vobis urgent vestigia, nihil ad vestrum genus ("Two of them are habitable, of which the southern, whose inhabitants are your antipodes, bears no relation to your people"). Alfred Hiatt, "Terra Australis and the Idea of the

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There is no probability, that any other detached body of land, of nearly equal extent, will ever be found in a more southern latitude; the name Terra Australis will, therefore, remain descriptive of the geographical importance of this country, and of its situation on the globe: it has antiquity to

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Brasilia Australis is an immense region toward Antarcticum, newly discovered but not yet fully surveyed, which extends as far as Melacha and somewhat beyond. The inhabitants of this region lead good, honest lives and are not Anthropophagi like other barbarian nations; they have no letters, nor do

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was more explicit when it reported on 18 August 1768: "The gentlemen, who are to sail in a few days for George's Land, the new discovered island in the Pacific ocean, with an intention to observe the Transit of Venus, are likewise, we are credibly informed, to attempt some new discoveries in that

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and named by him King George Island. The London press reported in June 1768 that two ships would be sent to the newly discovered island and from there to "attempt the Discovery of the Southern Continent". A subsequent press report stated: "We are informed, that the Island which Captain Wallis has

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E.T. Hamy, "Francisque et André d'Albaigne: cosmographes lucquois au service de la France"; "Nouveau documents sur les frères d'Albaigne et sur le projet de voyage et de découvertes présenté à la cour de France"; and "Documents relatifs à un projet d'expéditions lointaines présentés à la cour de

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and his colleagues at St. Dié in Lorraine in 1507. Where Schöner departs most conspicuously from Waldseemüller is in his globe's depiction of an Antarctic continent, called by him Brasilie Regio. His continent is based, however tenuously, on the report of an actual voyage: that of the Portuguese

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is thought to have based his 1531 double cordiform (heart-shaped) map of the world. On this landmass he wrote "recently discovered but not yet completely explored". The body of water beyond the tip of South America is called the "Mare Magellanicum", one of the first uses of navigator Ferdinand

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The cartographic depictions of the southern continent in the 16th and early 17th centuries, as might be expected for a concept based on such abundant conjecture and minimal data, varied wildly from map to map; in general, the continent shrank as potential locations were reinterpreted. At its

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voyage "must be allowed to have set aside the most, if not all, the Arguments and proofs that have been advanced by different Authors to prove that there must be a Southern Continent; I mean to the Northward of 40 degrees South, for what may lie to the Southward of that Latitude I know not".

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as related by his biographer, Walter Ghim, who said that even though Mercator was not ignorant that the Austral continent still lay hidden and unknown, he believed it could be "demonstrated and proved by solid reasons and arguments to yield in its geometric proportions, size and weight, and

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if one were sailing eastward through the Straits of Gibraltar or Seville and Barbary or Morocco in Africa, as our Globe shows toward the Antarctic Pole. Further, the distance is only moderate from this Region of Brazil to Malacca, where St. Thomas was crowned with martyrdom.

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Legends of Terra Australis Incognita—an "unknown land of the South"—date back to Roman times and before, and were commonplace in medieval geography, although not based on any documented knowledge of the continent. Ptolemy's maps, which became well known in Europe during the

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was Marco Polo's transcription of this name. According to Polo, Locach was a kingdom where gold was "so plentiful that no one who did not see it could believe it". Polo's narrative describes the route southward from Champa toward

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as the Terra Australis incognita. In his 10th Memorial (1610), Queirós said: "New Guinea is the top end of the Austral Land of which I treat , and that people, and customs, with all the rest referred to, resemble them".

436:, did not actually depict such a continent, but they did show an Africa which had no southern oceanic boundary (and which therefore might extend all the way to the South Pole), and also raised the possibility that the 472:

they have kings, but they venerate their elders and offer them obedience; they give the name Thomas to their children ; close to this region lies the great island of Zanzibar at 102.00 degrees and 27.30 degrees South.

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Had I permitted myself any innovation upon the original term, it would have been to convert it into AUSTRALIA; as being more agreeable to the ear, and an assimilation to the names of the other great portions of the

1329:, some geographers and cartographers followed the error in older editions of Polo that "placed ... the land of "Boeach" (or Locac)" south-east of Java and "introduced in their maps a continent in that situation". 668:

On this scrap of information, united with the concept of the Antipodes inherited from Graeco-Roman antiquity, Schöner constructed his representation of the southern continent. His strait served as inspiration for

2579: ; first printed in 1767, reissued with a foreword by Kevin Fewster and an essay by Andrew Cook, Potts Point (NSW), Hordern House Rare Books for the Australian National Maritime Museum, 1996, pp. 38–9. 783:, Admiral of France, with projects for establishing relations with the Austral lands. Although the Admiral gave favourable consideration to these initiatives, they came to nought when Coligny was 767:, where its coastline appeared just south of the islands of the East Indies; it was often elaborately charted, with a wealth of fictitious detail. There was much interest in Terra Australis among 911:, another Portuguese navigator sailing for the Spanish Crown, saw a large island south of New Guinea in 1606, which he named La Austrialia del Espiritu Santo. He represented this to the King of 574: 2296: 524:, the idea gained popularity across Europe, and most scholars did not question its existence, instead debating if it was habitable for other humans. It would later be included on some zonal 132:

and which appeared on maps between the 15th and 18th centuries. Its existence was not based on any survey or direct observation, but rather on the idea that continental land in the

286:, giving his rationale that there was "no probability" of finding any significant land mass anywhere more south than Australia. The continent that would come to be named 2452: 862:(Hernando Gallego, who in the year 1576 was sent by the King of Spain to explore them, affirms that there are islands from New Guinea up to the Strait of Magellan)". 2459:(in Spanish). Vol. Tomo cuarto (Digital edition based on the second edition of 2000 ed.). Alicante: Biblioteca Virtual Miguel de Cervantes. p. 280. 1682: 823:

importance to neither of the other two, nor possibly to be lesser or smaller, otherwise the constitution of the world could not hold together at its centre".

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described the Portuguese voyagers passing through a strait between the southernmost point of America, or Brazil, and a land to the south west, referred to as

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recommend it; and, having no reference to either of the two claiming nations, appears to be less objectionable than any other which could have been selected.

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John Noble Wilford: The Mapmakers, the Story of the Great Pioneers in Cartography from Antiquity to Space Age, p. 139, Vintage Books, Random House 1982,

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He took Magellan's discovery of Tierra del Fuego in 1520 as further confirmation of its existence, and on his globes of 1523 and 1533 he described it as

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to the known landmasses in the Northern Hemisphere. As new lands were discovered, they were often assumed to be parts of the hypothetical continent.

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of 1643 intended to round Cape Horn sailing through Le Maire Strait but strong winds made it instead drift south and east. The small fleet led by

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Gerardus Mercator believed in the existence of a large Southern continent on the basis of cosmographic reasoning, set out in the abstract of his

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Carlos Pedro Vairo, TERRA AUSTRALIS Historical Charts of Patagonia, Tierra del Fuego and Antarctica. Ed. Zagier & Urruty Publicationa, 2010.

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was entirely enclosed by land. Christian thinkers did not discount the idea that there might be land beyond the southern seas, but the issue of

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Dalrymple's claim of the existence of an unknown continent aroused widespread interest and prompted the British government in 1769 to order

1162:, showing that any possible southern continent must lie well within the cold polar areas. There could be no extension into regions with a 1702: 3692: 1345:. The landmass of Beach remained in this location on Mercator's world map of 1569, with the amplified description, quoting Marco Polo, 272: 502:(1090 - 1120) oriented with east on top and north to the left, depicting the known world (Asia, Europe, and Africa) to the left, and 327:

hypothesized that the continents of the northern hemisphere must be balanced out by an unknown landmass in the southern hemisphere.

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Magalhães-Strasse und Austral-Continent. Auf den Globen Johannes Schöner. Beitrage zur Geschichte der Erdkunde im xvi. Jahrhundert,

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Magalhães-Strasse und Austral-Continent. Auf den Globen Johannes Schöner. Beitrage zur Geschichte der Erdkunde im xvi. Jahrhundert,

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genre. Among the works which dealt with imaginary visits to the continent (which at the time was still believed to be real) were:

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established the Australische Compagnie (Australian Company) in 1615 to trade with Terra Australis, which they called "Australia".

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on a voyage of exploration, of which one of the objects was to obtain knowledge of "all the totally unknown provinces of Beach".

2143:"The Armchair Discovery of the Unknown Southern Continent: Gerardus Mercator, Philosophical Pretensions and a Competitive Trade" 934:

managed to enter the Pacific ocean sailing south of the island disproving earlier beliefs that it was part of Terra Australis.

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of Terra Australis in order to initiate missionary activity there. His appointment was approved in 1681 but he died in 1685.

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A map with a Terra Australis stretching from New Guinea to the South Pole and beyond was included in the 1676 application by

680:("Terra Australis, recently discovered but not yet fully known"). It was taken up by his followers, the French cosmographer 1211:

With the discovery of Antarctica his conclusion would soon be revealed as a mistake, but by that time the name had stuck.

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circumnavigated and charted New Zealand in 1770, showing that even it could not be part of a large continent. On his

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The unexplored southern continent was a frequent subject of fantastic fiction in the 17th and 18th centuries in the

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Gabriella Ponchi (ed.), Milano, Arnoldo Mondadori Editore, 1982, p. 540: cap. clxiii, "La grant isle de Java".

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The available territory for a southern continent had diminished greatly in this 1657 map by the Dutch cartographer

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The Classical Tradition and the Americas: European images of the Americas and the classical tradition (2 pts.)

1118:("unknown southern land") is printed across a region including the south pole without any definite shorelines. 3645: 2905: 715: 908: 3687: 3551: 2929: 1401: 1142:'s first Pacific voyage proved that Australia was not part of the mythical southern continent. Much later, 1012: 927: 260:

to New Holland and its centuries-old Dutch name eventually disappeared. Meanwhile, having lost its name of

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Albert-Marie-Ferdinand Anthiaume, "Un pilote et cartographe havrais au XVIe siècle: Guillaume Le Testu",

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As long as it appeared on maps at all, the continent minimally included the unexplored lands around the

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in quest of the Southern Continent, proved the existence of a passage south of New Guinea, now known as

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King, Robert J. (2024). "The Southern Continent on the Globe by Guillaume Nicolai Belga, Lyon, 1603",

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in 1770–1771. Dalrymple presented a beguiling tableau of the Terra Australis, or Southern Continent:

954:, published in 1570, Terra Australis extends north of the Tropic of Capricorn in the Pacific Ocean. 394: 3665: 3431: 2711:

Avan Judd Stallard, "Origins of the Idea of Antipodes: Errors, Assumptions, and a Bare Few Facts",

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Orontius Fineus: Rare Book and Special Collections Division, Library of Congress, 1531, (147.03.00)

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in respect of the quest for the Southern Continent were summed up by Cook himself. He wrote in his

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James R. McClymont, "The Theory of an Antipodal Southern Continent during the Sixteenth Century",

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Gerardi Mercatoris Atlas sive Cosmographice Meditationes de Fabrica Mundi et Fabricate Figura,

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Terra Australis occupies a large part of the southern hemisphere in this world map of 1587 by

776: 619:(1477–1547) constructed a terrestrial globe in 1515, based on the world map and globe made by 600:

as late as 1767 argued for its existence, with such arguments as that there should be a large

245:, was entirely separate from the imagined (but still undiscovered) seventh continent (today's 3311: 3219: 3029: 3024: 2893: 2734:

Researches on Ptolemy's geography of Eastern Asia (further India and Indo-Malay archipelago),

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Beach provincia aurifera quam pauci ex alienis regionibus adeunt propter gentis inhumanitatem

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Report of the Fourth Meeting of the Australasian Association for the Advancement of Science,

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An account of the discoveries made in the South Pacifick Ocean / by Alexander Dalrymple

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1622, Bibliothèque nationale de France, Paris, département des Cartes et Plans, SH, Arch. 30

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and his contemporaries knew that the sixth continent (today's Australia), which they called

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An Historical Collection of the several Voyages and Discoveries in the South Pacific Ocean,

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Basel and Paris, 1532, Marco Polo cap.xi, "De provincia Boëach"; cited in Thomas Suarez,

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series of novels (1983–2014) where the World is balanced by the strange and little-known

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Milione: il Milione nelle redazioni toscana e franco–italiana, Le Divisament dou Monde,

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Historical Collection of the Several Voyages and Discoveries in the South Pacific Ocean

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look similar. A feature known as the "Province of Beach" or "Boeach" – from the Latin

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explored the South Pacific for the landmass between 1772 and 1775 whilst also testing

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would be explored decades after Flinders' 1814 book on Australia, which he had titled

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was not conflated with Terra Australis, as it sometimes was in the twentieth century.

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Hobart, January 1892, Hobart, the Association, 1893, pp. 442–462; Paul Pelliot,

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did not exist, so he wanted the name applied to what he saw as the next best thing: "

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During medieval times Terra Australis was known by a different name, that being the

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London, Royal Asiatic Society, Asiatic Society Monographs vol.1, 1909, p. 180.

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The Furthest Shore: Images of Terra Australis from the Middle Ages to Captain Cook

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Relation d'un voyage du Pole Arctique, au Pole Antarctique par le centre du monde

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Over the centuries the idea of Terra Australis gradually lost its hold. In 1616,

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Santiago de Chile, 1918, reprinted by Gabriela Mistral, 1974, pp. 136, 246.

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A land feature known as the "Province of Beach" or "Boeach" – from the Latin

1048: 966: 894: 609: 375: 95: 1796: 1229:(Book III). Polo described his journey by sea from China to India by way of 1223:– appears to have resulted from mistranscriptions of a name in Marco Polo's 1015:, found de Torres's testimony. This discovery led Dalrymple to publish the 427:

1564. The Terra Australis is shown extending northward as far as New Guinea.

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Paris, Colin, 1893 (repr. Amsterdam, Meridian Pub. Co., 1965), p. 291.

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Voyage de Robertson, aux Terres Australes, traduit sur le manuscrit anglois

1388:, projecting from the map's southern edge as the northernmost parts of the 636:("New Tidings from the Land of Brazil") published in Augsburg in 1514. The 437: 334: 313:

A printed map from the 15th century depicting Ptolemy's description of the

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cited by A. Lodewyckx, "The Name of Australia: Its Origin and Early Use",

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London, Cass for the Royal Commonwealth Society, 1970, pp. 229–230.

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Cambridge University Press for the Hakluyt Society, 1955, p. 290.

1193:), replacing the former name for the continent, New Holland. He wrote: 30:

This article is about the hypothetical continent. For the orogen, see

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in 1616, appeared to confirm that land existed where the maps showed

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Alexander Dalrymple (1737–1808) and the Expansion of British Trade,

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Paris, 1894, pp. 405–433; 1899, pp. 101–110; and 1903, pp. 266–273.

2142: 1556: 1263:, Lavo (an early name of Lop Buri) was pronounced "Lo-huk" 羅斛 and 1248: 1177:

Flinders had concluded that the Terra Australis as hypothesized by

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1578. This is a copy on one sheet of Abraham Ortelius' eight-sheet

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Paris, Imprimerie Nationale, 1963, Vol.II, pp. 768–9, note 2.

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Innsbruck, 1881 (reprinted Amsterdam, Meridian, 1967), p. 65.

748:, 4me projection, where the northward extending promontory of the 447:

The first depiction of Terra Australis on a globe was probably on

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Globi Neerlandici: The Production of Globes in the Low Countries,

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long hypothesized by Europeans. An encounter by the Dutch vessel

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is given to a southern neighbour of Champa. In a 1532 edition of

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The Literary Mirroring of Aboriginal Australia and the Caribbean

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vast unknown tract, above the latitude 40". The results of this

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Terra Australis Nondum Cognita (The southern land yet not known)

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Los Angeles, 1965, pp. 137, 141–2; cited in Andrew Sharp,

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The Journals of Captain James Cook on His Voyages of Discovery,

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Captain Cook's Journal During the First Voyage Round the World,

1873:. The State Library of South Australia. Retrieved 13 June 2019. 1230: 1044: 1025: 989: 693: 651:

This supposed "strait" was in fact the Rio de la Plata (or the

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was enclosed on the south by land, and that the lands of the

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to seek out the Southern Continent to the South and West of

264:, the south polar continent was nameless for decades until 3014: 3009: 2834:

J.E. Heeres, "Abel Janszoon Tasman, His Life and Labours",

2725: 2243: 1418:– evidently still relying on Linschoten's map – despatched 707: 216: 981:

in 1642, was regarded by some as a part of the continent.

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Paris, Nos 1–2, 1911, pp. 135–202, n.b. p. 176.

1767:; explanatory text on the reverse of Ortelius' world map 775:

merchants at that time. In 1566 and 1570, Francisque and

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terra australis recenter inventa sed nondum plene cognita

673:'s expedition to reach the Moluccas by a westward route. 584:

Discussion of various names used for Australia over time.

200:(Austral country). In Medieval times it was known as the 160:

Other names for the hypothetical continent have included

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Vol. XIII, No. 3, June 1929, pp. 100–191.

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Johann Schöner's Globe of 1515: Transcription and Study,

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Lying for the Admiralty: Captain Cook's Endeavour Voyage

1202:...with the accompanying note at the bottom of the page: 684:

in his world map of 1531, and the Flemish cartographers

659:("A Most Lucid Description of All Lands"), he explained: 514:. First widely introduced to medieval western Europe by 2782:

Paris, Imprimerie Nationale, 1963, Vol.II, p. 769.

1098:'s K1 chronometer as a method for measuring longitude. 252:

In the nineteenth century, the colonial authorities in

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Utrecht, HES Publishers, 1993, p. 64, plate 2.14.

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Pillaging the Empire: Piracy in the Americas 1500–1750

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De Ora antarctica per regem Portugallie pridem inventa

1683:

Spanish colonization attempt of the Strait of Magellan

1353:

shown somewhat to its south west. Following Mercator,

408:

1531 double cordiform (heart-shaped) map of the world.

172:("the southern land not yet known"). Other names were 2668:

See also J. C. Beaglehole and R. A. Skelton (eds.),

2323:

Walter Ghim, "Vita…Gerardi Mercatoris Rupelmundani",

1972:

Innsbruck, 1881 (reprinted Amsterdam, Meridian, 1967)

1618:

Viaggi di Enrico Wanton alle Terre incognite Australi

1414:, after his ship. In August 1642, the Council of the 726:, who in 1540 transferred the title to the conqueror 296:, and after his naming switch had gained popularity. 37:"Great South Land" redirects here. For the poem, see 2715:

Volume 42, Number 1, September 2010, pp. 34–51.

2393:. State Library of New South Wales. 13 November 2015 542:

Early modern Netherlandish cartography and geography

2566:

Vol.I, London, 1769 and 1770, pp. xxviii–xxix.

1341:in accordance with the faulty text of Marco Polo's 353:("southern zone") in referring to the Antipodes in 2724:Lavo (Thai ลพบร) was named after Lavo, the son of 1325:, the editor of a modern (1921) edition of Polo's 942:, separated from South America by a small strait; 2812:London, Murray, 1921, Volume 2, pp. 276–280. 2413:"Translation by Dolores Turró of Memorial No. 10" 2312:Bulletin de Géographie Historique et Descriptive, 1957:Bulletin de Géographie Historique et Descriptive, 1028:), and iron in place of more awkward substitutes. 476: 3679: 2525:"Terra Australis, Quinta Pars Orbis, 1676 (Map)" 2258: 2232:Le Continent Austral: Hypotheses et Découvertes, 2904:L. Ivanov and N. Ivanova. Terra Australis. In: 1816:Mapping our world: terra incognita to Australia 1007:, the Examiner of Sea Journals for the English 965:, spreading far north – especially in the 657:Luculentissima quaedam terrae totius descriptio 442:whether it could be inhabited was controversial 70:" as a large continent on the bottom of the map 2204:Philadelphia, American Philosophical Society, 528:and intrigue medieval scholars for centuries. 2937: 2244:Pinochet de la Barra, Óscar (November 1944). 2063: 1369:in these locations on his world map of 1571. 1138:was a relatively small island, while in 1642 2027:Ioannis Schoneri ... Opusculum geographicum 1567: 1547: 1533: 1011:, whilst translating some Spanish documents 820:Atlas or Cosmographic Studies in Five Books, 2443: 2441: 1838: 1818:. Canberra: National Library of Australia. 1814:National library of Australia, ed. (2013). 1588: 1501: 794:Hypothetical "Terra Australis" in a map by 692:in 1570. Schöner's concepts influenced the 146: 104: 2944: 2930: 2911:Generis Publishing, 2022. pp. 65–68. 2277:(in Spanish). Real Academia de la Historia 1935:. Cambridge University Press. p. 10. 1862: 1860: 1630:La découverte australe par un homme-volant 1333:did just that on his 1541 globe, placing 961:, but generally much larger than the real 615:The German cosmographer and mathematician 2476:. Armonk, N.Y.: M.E. Sharpe. p. 88. 2064:Haase, Wolfgang; Reinhold, Meyer (1994). 1984:"The cordiform World maps by Oronce Fine" 1981: 1921:Ashgate Publishing, 2012, pp. 18–10. 1729: 1727: 1725: 1480:Learn how and when to remove this message 826:The Flemish geographer and cartographer, 382:in 1513, possibly showing Terra Australis 2842:Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1968, pp.24-25. 2684: 2682: 2447: 2438: 2117:"The Medieval Antipodes | History Today" 2037: 1919:European Perceptions of Terra Australis, 1214: 1105: 801: 789: 736: 568: 557: 491: 488:Antipodes § Historical significance 411: 400: 385: 369: 308: 2951: 2799:Hong Kong, Periplus, 1999, p. 160. 2391:"The Spanish quest for Terra Australis" 2261:"El conjurado que gobernó la Antártida" 1889:. Oxford University Press. p. 21. 1857: 1166:, as had been thought before. In 1814, 889:during the 1605–1606 expedition led by 231:During the eighteenth century, today's 14: 3680: 2886:"Magellanica: Finding the Antipodeans" 2674:The Voyage of the Endeavor, 1768–1771, 2006: 1930: 1722: 1695: 1321:By the mid-16th century, according to 1101: 2925: 2679: 2501:. Colonial Voyage.com. Archived from 2237: 2140: 1882: 1843:. Sydney: Rosenberg. pp. 19–20. 763:was depicted on the mid-16th-century 699:, notably in their representation of 168:("the unknown land of the south") or 2840:The Voyages of Abel Janszoon Tasman, 2490: 2469: 2429:Spieghel der Australische Navigatie; 2363:An on-line image of this map is at: 2339:Descriptionis Ptolemaicae Augmentum, 1569:Voyages et avantures de Jaques Massé 1462:adding citations to reliable sources 1433: 2791:Simon Grynaeus and Johann Huttich, 2531:. University of Newcastle Australia 2182:"Newen Zeytung auss Presillg Landt" 1408:; Hartog named the wider landmass 1158:, at some places even crossing the 1013:captured in the Philippines in 1762 946:; and what would come to be called 836:Descriptionis Ptolemaicae Augmentum 456:Magellan's name in such a context. 333:(2nd century AD) believed that the 24: 2848: 2793:Novus Orbis Regionum ac Insularum, 2433:The Victorian Historical Magazine, 2092:"CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Antipodes" 1154:the globe at a very high southern 481: 341:should be balanced by land in the 136:should be balanced by land in the 39:The Great South Land: An Epic Poem 25: 3729: 3693:European exploration of Australia 2688: 2299:(in Spanish). Biografía de Chile. 1612:Relation du royaume des Féliciens 1525:(1668) by the English politician 421:Universi Orbis seu Terreni Globi, 226: 3698:History of Australia (1788–1850) 3656: 3655: 3633: 3151: 3136: 3121: 3106: 3068: 3053: 3038: 3023: 3008: 2993: 2978: 2797:Early Mapping of Southeast Asia, 2496: 2376:Hessel Gerritsz (c. 1581–1632), 2038:Medieval, Daily (22 June 2012). 1917:Antipodes", Anne M. Scott (ed), 1801:Issue 38, Spring 2019, pp.27-32" 1614:(1727) by the Marquis de Lassay; 1438: 938:largest, the continent included 634:Newe Zeytung auss Presillg Landt 538:Early modern Iberian cartography 56: 3479:Possible future supercontinents 2828: 2815: 2802: 2785: 2768: 2756: 2739: 2718: 2705: 2655: 2638: 2618: 2598: 2582: 2569: 2556: 2543: 2517: 2463: 2422: 2405: 2383: 2370: 2357: 2344: 2330: 2317: 2303: 2289: 2267: 2252: 2224: 2211: 2191: 2174: 2165: 2134: 2109: 2084: 2057: 2040:"Daily Medieval: The Antipodes" 2031: 2015: 1975: 1962: 1949: 1924: 1910: 1449:needs additional citations for 999: 919:Dutch father and son Isaac and 865: 531: 363:in Latin) in this zone was the 359:("Dream of Scipio"). The land ( 2691:"Log book of HMS 'Resolution'" 2365:http://nla.gov.au/nla.map-t732 2259:Calamari, Andrea (June 2022). 1876: 1832: 1807: 1789: 1774: 1758: 1743: 1673:Governorate of Terra Australis 730:and later was incorporated to 720:Governorate of Terra Australis 477:Mapping the southern continent 192:(antarctic land) in 1505, and 170:Terra Australis Nondum Cognita 13: 1: 2575:Andrew Cook, Introduction to 2327:Amsterdami, 1606, p. 12. 2025:Norimberga, , Pt.II, cap.xx. 1716: 1580:, incorrectly dated 1710) by 1574: 1429: 1237:; modern southern Vietnam), 1047:, discovered in June 1767 by 459:Schöner called the continent 319:by Johannes Schnitzer (1482). 176:("the southern Brazil"), and 3257:Other prehistoric continents 1509:(1605), a satirical work by 1402:Shark Bay, Western Australia 928:Dutch expedition to Valdivia 877:navigator who commanded the 451:'s lost 1523 globe on which 7: 2810:The Book of Ser Marco Polo, 2693:. Cambridge Digital Library 1982:Pelletier, Monique (1995). 1869:A voyage to Terra Australis 1661: 1620:(1749) by Zaccaria Seriman; 1173:A Voyage to Terra Australis 1085:second voyage of James Cook 988:, an Italian missionary in 323:In the fourth century B.C. 293:A Voyage to Terra Australis 10: 3734: 2864:. Sydney: Hayes Brothers. 2861:The Discovery of Australia 2629:The St. James's Chronicle, 2341:Louvain, 1597, p. 20. 2147:Early Science and Medicine 1072:on 31 March 1770 that the 1066:first voyage of James Cook 909:Pedro Fernandes de Queirós 891:Pedro Fernandes de Queiros 624:merchants Nuno Manuel and 535: 485: 390:Western hemisphere of the 304: 299: 36: 29: 3625: 3383: 3379: 3178: 3174: 3095: 3091: 2967: 2963: 2605:The St. James's Chronicle 2589:The St. James's Chronicle 2457:Historia general de Chile 2378:Map of the Pacific Ocean, 2352:El Piloto Juan Fernandez, 2248:. Editorial Andrés Bello. 2208:Volume 100, Part 5, 2010. 1424:Frans Jacobszoon Visscher 1374:Jan Huygen van Linschoten 1116:Terra Australis Incognita 903:Map of the Pacific Ocean: 885:and the tender or yacht, 858:, bears the inscription: 565:by Jacques de Vaux, 1583. 268:was coined in the 1890s. 166:Terra Australis Incognita 91: 80: 75: 55: 48: 3666:Chronology of continents 2884:King, Robert J. (2020). 2613:The Westminster Journal, 2275:"Pedro Sancho de la Hoz" 2159:10.1163/157338211X607772 1931:Eisler, William (1995). 1883:Moore, Dashiell (2024). 1839:Cameron-Ash, M. (2018). 1688: 1535:La terre australe connue 1416:Dutch East India Company 1335:Beach provincia aurifera 1310:, Locach was changed to 155: 3708:Latin words and phrases 2907:The World of Antarctica 2263:(in Spanish). Jot Down. 2141:Zuber, Mike A. (2011). 2023:Opusculum Geographicum, 1988:Cartographica Helvetica 1655:Counterweight Continent 1561:Denis Vairasse d'Allais 1550:Histoire des Sevarambes 952:Theatrum Orbis Terrarum 950:. In Ortelius's atlas 830:, wrote concerning the 554:Theatrum Orbis Terrarum 518:in his famous book the 467:. In it, he explained: 76:In-universe information 3718:Theoretical continents 3427:Great Australian Bight 2836:Abel Tasman's Journal, 2808:Sir Henry Yule (ed.), 2593:The Public Advertiser, 2470:Lane, Kris E. (1998). 1755:, Norimberga, , f.21v. 1752:Opusculum Geographicum 1595:(1720) by the English 1589: 1568: 1548: 1534: 1502: 1209: 1200: 1119: 1030: 845: 815: 799: 757: 746:Cosmographie Universel 724:Pedro Sancho de la Hoz 666: 585: 566: 507: 474: 465:Opusculum geographicum 428: 409: 398: 383: 320: 256:re-allocated the name 162:Terra Australis Ignota 147: 105: 32:Terra Australis Orogen 27:Hypothetical continent 3703:History of Antarctica 2821:Peter van der Krogt, 2650:The New York Journal, 2646:Lloyd's Evening Post, 2625:Lloyd's Evening Post, 2562:Alexander Dalrymple, 2350:José Toribio Medina, 2070:. Walter de Gruyter. 1769:Tabula Orbis Terrarum 1678:History of Antarctica 1634:Restif de la Bretonne 1582:Simon Tyssot de Patot 1555:(1675) by the French 1314:, later shortened to 1281:German cursive script 1215:The Province of Beach 1204: 1195: 1109: 1021: 879:San Pedro y San Pablo 840: 805: 793: 740: 661: 632:, and related in the 583: 561: 495: 486:Further information: 469: 425:Typus Orbis Terrarum, 415: 404: 389: 373: 347:Marcus Tullius Cicero 312: 124:) was a hypothetical 3651:Continental fragment 3646:Regions of the world 2856:Collingridge, George 2780:Notes on Marco Polo, 2310:France en 1570", in 2246:La Antártica Chilena 2121:www.historytoday.com 1504:Mundus alter et idem 1458:improve this article 973:, first seen by the 887:Los Tres Reyes Magos 621:Martin Waldseemüller 271:In the early 1800s, 144:, who uses the term 3688:Cartographic errors 3608:Indian Subcontinent 3398:Submerged continent 2880:(45) no.2: pp.1-36. 2633:Courier du Bas-Rhin 2505:on 29 February 2016 2449:Barros Arana, Diego 2021:Johannes Schoener, 1784:, Strassburg, 1505. 1780:Matthias Ringmann, 1749:Johannes Schoener, 1170:published the book 1102:Decline of the idea 1005:Alexander Dalrymple 697:school of mapmakers 598:Alexander Dalrymple 463:in his 1533 tract, 461:Brasiliae Australis 339:Northern Hemisphere 280:naming of Australia 194:Franciscus Monachus 174:Brasiliae Australis 138:Southern Hemisphere 134:Northern Hemisphere 3389: 3184: 3101: 2973: 2732:). (G. E. Gerini, 2713:Terrae Incognitae, 2217:Franz von Wieser, 1968:Franz von Wieser, 1866:Matthew Flinders, 1626:(1767), anonymous; 1608:(1721), anonymous; 1297:Henricus Martellus 1120: 1009:East India Company 992:, to be appointed 871:Luís Vaz de Torres 834:in his 1597 book, 828:Cornelius Wytfliet 816: 800: 796:Cornelius Wytfliet 781:Gaspard de Coligny 758: 742:Guillaume Le Testu 671:Ferdinand Magellan 586: 567: 516:Isidore of Seville 508: 429: 410: 399: 384: 351:cingulus australis 321: 211:proposed the name 207:The French writer 3713:Maritime folklore 3675: 3674: 3621: 3620: 3616: 3615: 3437:Kerguelen Plateau 3375: 3374: 3370: 3369: 3170: 3169: 3165: 3164: 3087: 3086: 3082: 3081: 2917:979-8-88676-403-1 2878:The Great Circle, 2096:www.newadvent.org 1850:978-0-648-04396-6 1825:978-0-642-27809-8 1643:was also used by 1590:Miscellanea Aurea 1541:Gabriel de Foigny 1522:The Isle of Pines 1515:Bishop of Norwich 1494:imaginary voyages 1490: 1489: 1482: 1387: 1381: 1368: 1362: 1299:, the Latin name 1164:temperate climate 994:Prefect Apostolic 852:Polus Antarcticus 812:Gerardus Mercator 728:Pedro de Valdivia 686:Gerardus Mercator 646:Brasilia inferior 626:Cristóvão de Haro 594:Gerardus Mercator 588:Explorers of the 581: 546:Gerardus Mercator 356:Somnium Scipionis 186:Matthias Ringmann 128:first posited in 101: 100: 16:(Redirected from 3725: 3659: 3658: 3640:World portal 3638: 3637: 3575: 3524: 3481: 3409: 3386: 3385: 3381: 3380: 3259: 3197: 3181: 3180: 3176: 3175: 3155: 3140: 3125: 3110: 3098: 3097: 3093: 3092: 3072: 3057: 3042: 3027: 3012: 2997: 2982: 2970: 2969: 2965: 2964: 2946: 2939: 2932: 2923: 2922: 2901: 2873: 2843: 2832: 2826: 2819: 2813: 2806: 2800: 2789: 2783: 2772: 2766: 2760: 2754: 2743: 2737: 2722: 2716: 2709: 2703: 2702: 2700: 2698: 2689:Wales, William. 2686: 2677: 2662:W.J.L. Wharton, 2659: 2653: 2652:3 November 1768. 2642: 2636: 2622: 2616: 2602: 2596: 2586: 2580: 2573: 2567: 2560: 2554: 2547: 2541: 2540: 2538: 2536: 2529:Living Histories 2521: 2515: 2514: 2512: 2510: 2499:"Dutch in Chile" 2494: 2488: 2487: 2467: 2461: 2460: 2445: 2436: 2426: 2420: 2419: 2417: 2409: 2403: 2402: 2400: 2398: 2387: 2381: 2374: 2368: 2361: 2355: 2348: 2342: 2334: 2328: 2321: 2315: 2307: 2301: 2300: 2293: 2287: 2286: 2284: 2282: 2271: 2265: 2264: 2256: 2250: 2249: 2241: 2235: 2230:Armand Rainaud, 2228: 2222: 2215: 2209: 2195: 2189: 2188: 2186: 2178: 2172: 2169: 2163: 2162: 2138: 2132: 2131: 2129: 2127: 2113: 2107: 2106: 2104: 2102: 2088: 2082: 2081: 2061: 2055: 2054: 2052: 2050: 2035: 2029: 2019: 2013: 2010: 2004: 2003: 2001: 1999: 1979: 1973: 1966: 1960: 1953: 1947: 1946: 1928: 1922: 1914: 1908: 1907: 1905: 1903: 1880: 1874: 1864: 1855: 1854: 1836: 1830: 1829: 1811: 1805: 1804: 1793: 1787: 1778: 1772: 1762: 1756: 1747: 1741: 1731: 1710: 1699: 1668:Early world maps 1600:Thomas Killigrew 1592: 1579: 1576: 1571: 1553: 1537: 1507: 1485: 1478: 1474: 1471: 1465: 1442: 1434: 1383: 1377: 1372:The 1596 map by 1364: 1358: 1355:Abraham Ortelius 1301:provincia boëach 1293:Provincia boëach 1235:provincia ciamba 1221:Provincia boëach 1168:Matthew Flinders 1160:Antarctic Circle 1136:Tierra del Fuego 1078: 940:Tierra del Fuego 856:Henricus Hondius 777:André d'Albaigne 690:Abraham Ortelius 617:Johannes Schöner 590:Age of Discovery 582: 550:Abraham Ortelius 449:Johannes Schöner 392:Johannes Schöner 374:Fragment of the 278:popularized the 276:Matthew Flinders 273:British explorer 209:Guillaume Postel 150: 123: 120: 117: 108: 64:Abraham Ortelius 60: 46: 45: 21: 3733: 3732: 3728: 3727: 3726: 3724: 3723: 3722: 3678: 3677: 3676: 3671: 3670: 3632: 3617: 3612: 3598:Eastern Siberia 3588:Central America 3576: 3569: 3563: 3558:Terra Australis 3525: 3509: 3503: 3499:Pangaea Proxima 3482: 3477: 3471: 3410: 3406:microcontinents 3395: 3371: 3366: 3312:East Antarctica 3260: 3255: 3249: 3198: 3194:supercontinents 3190: 3166: 3161: 3156: 3146: 3141: 3131: 3126: 3116: 3111: 3083: 3078: 3073: 3063: 3058: 3048: 3043: 3033: 3028: 3018: 3013: 3003: 2998: 2988: 2983: 2959: 2950: 2883: 2854: 2851: 2849:Further reading 2846: 2833: 2829: 2820: 2816: 2807: 2803: 2790: 2786: 2773: 2769: 2761: 2757: 2744: 2740: 2730:Hindu mythology 2723: 2719: 2710: 2706: 2696: 2694: 2687: 2680: 2660: 2656: 2643: 2639: 2635:(Cleves), 1768. 2623: 2619: 2603: 2599: 2587: 2583: 2574: 2570: 2561: 2557: 2549:Howard T. Fry, 2548: 2544: 2534: 2532: 2523: 2522: 2518: 2508: 2506: 2497:Kock, Robbert. 2495: 2491: 2484: 2468: 2464: 2446: 2439: 2427: 2423: 2415: 2411: 2410: 2406: 2396: 2394: 2389: 2388: 2384: 2375: 2371: 2362: 2358: 2349: 2345: 2335: 2331: 2322: 2318: 2308: 2304: 2295: 2294: 2290: 2280: 2278: 2273: 2272: 2268: 2257: 2253: 2242: 2238: 2229: 2225: 2216: 2212: 2196: 2192: 2184: 2180: 2179: 2175: 2170: 2166: 2139: 2135: 2125: 2123: 2115: 2114: 2110: 2100: 2098: 2090: 2089: 2085: 2078: 2062: 2058: 2048: 2046: 2036: 2032: 2020: 2016: 2011: 2007: 1997: 1995: 1980: 1976: 1967: 1963: 1954: 1950: 1943: 1929: 1925: 1915: 1911: 1901: 1899: 1897: 1881: 1877: 1865: 1858: 1851: 1837: 1833: 1826: 1812: 1808: 1795: 1794: 1790: 1779: 1775: 1763: 1759: 1748: 1744: 1732: 1723: 1719: 1714: 1713: 1700: 1696: 1691: 1664: 1645:Terry Pratchett 1641:Terra Australis 1577: 1486: 1475: 1469: 1466: 1455: 1443: 1432: 1396:, commanded by 1390:Terra Australis 1339:Terra Australis 1331:Gerard Mercator 1274:Terra Australis 1217: 1152:circumnavigated 1130:'s rounding of 1128:Willem Schouten 1104: 1076: 1002: 986:Vittorio Riccio 932:Hendrik Brouwer 901:, noted on his 899:Hessel Gerritsz 868: 854:map of 1641 by 832:Terra Australis 808:Rumold Mercator 761:Terra Australis 750:Terre australle 653:San Matias Gulf 642:vndtere Presill 569: 563:Terre Australle 556: 534: 504:Terra Australis 490: 484: 482:Medieval period 479: 365:Terra Australis 307: 302: 284:Terra Australis 229: 158: 121: 118: 115: 106:Terra Australis 71: 50:Terra Australis 42: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 3731: 3721: 3720: 3715: 3710: 3705: 3700: 3695: 3690: 3673: 3672: 3669: 3668: 3663: 3653: 3648: 3643: 3627: 3626: 3623: 3622: 3619: 3618: 3614: 3613: 3611: 3610: 3605: 3600: 3595: 3593:Eastern Africa 3590: 3585: 3580: 3566: 3564: 3562: 3561: 3554: 3549: 3544: 3539: 3534: 3529: 3506: 3504: 3502: 3501: 3496: 3491: 3486: 3474: 3472: 3470: 3469: 3464: 3459: 3454: 3449: 3444: 3439: 3434: 3429: 3424: 3419: 3414: 3392: 3390: 3384: 3377: 3376: 3373: 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1948: 1941: 1923: 1909: 1895: 1875: 1871:(Introduction) 1856: 1849: 1831: 1824: 1806: 1788: 1773: 1765:ORBIS TERRARUM 1757: 1742: 1720: 1718: 1715: 1712: 1711: 1707:Dutch Republic 1703:United Kingdom 1693: 1692: 1690: 1687: 1686: 1685: 1680: 1675: 1670: 1663: 1660: 1659: 1658: 1637: 1627: 1621: 1615: 1609: 1603: 1585: 1564: 1544: 1530: 1518: 1488: 1487: 1446: 1444: 1437: 1431: 1428: 1411:Eendrachtsland 1216: 1213: 1124:Jacob Le Maire 1112:Jan Janssonius 1103: 1100: 1096:Larcum Kendall 1001: 998: 921:Jacob Le Maire 867: 864: 848:Juan Fernandez 785:killed in 1572 718:, created the 701:Jave la Grande 533: 530: 499:Liber Floridus 483: 480: 478: 475: 417:Gerard de Jode 349:used the term 306: 303: 301: 298: 228: 227:Change of name 225: 196:called it the 190:Ora antarctica 188:called it the 180:("the land of 157: 154: 99: 98: 93: 89: 88: 82: 78: 77: 73: 72: 61: 53: 52: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3730: 3719: 3716: 3714: 3711: 3709: 3706: 3704: 3701: 3699: 3696: 3694: 3691: 3689: 3686: 3685: 3683: 3667: 3664: 3662: 3654: 3652: 3649: 3647: 3644: 3642: 3641: 3636: 3629: 3628: 3624: 3609: 3606: 3604: 3601: 3599: 3596: 3594: 3591: 3589: 3586: 3584: 3581: 3579: 3574: 3573: 3572:Subcontinents 3568: 3567: 3565: 3560: 3559: 3555: 3553: 3550: 3548: 3545: 3543: 3540: 3538: 3537:Kumari Kandam 3535: 3533: 3530: 3528: 3523: 3521: 3517: 3513: 3508: 3507: 3505: 3500: 3497: 3495: 3492: 3490: 3487: 3485: 3480: 3476: 3475: 3473: 3468: 3465: 3463: 3460: 3458: 3455: 3453: 3450: 3448: 3445: 3443: 3440: 3438: 3435: 3433: 3430: 3428: 3425: 3423: 3420: 3418: 3415: 3413: 3408: 3407: 3403: 3399: 3394: 3393: 3391: 3388: 3387: 3382: 3378: 3363: 3360: 3358: 3355: 3353: 3350: 3348: 3345: 3343: 3340: 3338: 3335: 3333: 3330: 3328: 3325: 3323: 3320: 3318: 3315: 3313: 3310: 3308: 3305: 3303: 3300: 3298: 3295: 3293: 3290: 3288: 3285: 3283: 3280: 3278: 3275: 3273: 3270: 3268: 3265: 3263: 3258: 3254: 3253: 3251: 3246: 3243: 3241: 3238: 3236: 3233: 3231: 3228: 3226: 3223: 3221: 3218: 3216: 3213: 3211: 3208: 3206: 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2483:0-7656-0256-3 2479: 2475: 2474: 2466: 2458: 2454: 2453:"Capítulo XI" 2450: 2444: 2442: 2434: 2430: 2425: 2414: 2408: 2392: 2386: 2379: 2373: 2366: 2360: 2353: 2347: 2340: 2333: 2326: 2320: 2313: 2306: 2298: 2292: 2276: 2270: 2262: 2255: 2247: 2240: 2233: 2227: 2220: 2214: 2207: 2206:Transactions, 2203: 2199: 2194: 2183: 2177: 2168: 2160: 2156: 2152: 2148: 2144: 2137: 2122: 2118: 2112: 2097: 2093: 2087: 2079: 2077:3-11-011572-7 2073: 2069: 2068: 2060: 2045: 2041: 2034: 2028: 2024: 2018: 2009: 1993: 1989: 1985: 1978: 1971: 1965: 1958: 1952: 1944: 1942:0-521-39268-3 1938: 1934: 1927: 1920: 1913: 1898: 1896:9780198879893 1892: 1888: 1887: 1879: 1872: 1870: 1863: 1861: 1852: 1846: 1842: 1835: 1827: 1821: 1817: 1810: 1802: 1800: 1792: 1786: 1783: 1777: 1770: 1766: 1761: 1754: 1753: 1746: 1740: 1739:0-394-75303-8 1736: 1730: 1728: 1726: 1721: 1708: 1704: 1698: 1694: 1684: 1681: 1679: 1676: 1674: 1671: 1669: 1666: 1665: 1656: 1652: 1651: 1646: 1642: 1638: 1635: 1631: 1628: 1625: 1622: 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1018: 1014: 1010: 1006: 997: 995: 991: 987: 982: 980: 976: 972: 968: 967:Pacific Ocean 964: 960: 955: 953: 949: 945: 941: 935: 933: 929: 924: 922: 917: 914: 910: 906: 904: 900: 896: 895:Torres Strait 892: 888: 884: 880: 876: 872: 863: 861: 857: 853: 849: 844: 839: 837: 833: 829: 824: 821: 813: 810:, the son of 809: 804: 797: 792: 788: 786: 782: 778: 774: 770: 766: 762: 755: 751: 747: 743: 739: 735: 733: 729: 725: 721: 717: 713: 712:King of Spain 709: 704: 702: 698: 695: 691: 687: 683: 679: 674: 672: 665: 660: 658: 654: 649: 647: 643: 639: 635: 631: 627: 622: 618: 613: 611: 610:counterweight 607: 603: 599: 595: 591: 564: 560: 555: 551: 547: 543: 539: 529: 527: 523: 522: 517: 513: 505: 501: 500: 496:A map in the 494: 489: 473: 468: 466: 462: 457: 454: 450: 445: 443: 439: 435: 426: 422: 418: 414: 407: 403: 396: 393: 388: 381: 377: 376:Piri Reis map 372: 368: 366: 362: 358: 357: 352: 348: 344: 340: 336: 332: 328: 326: 318: 317: 311: 297: 295: 294: 289: 285: 281: 277: 274: 269: 267: 263: 259: 255: 250: 248: 244: 243: 238: 234: 224: 222: 218: 214: 210: 205: 203: 199: 198:Australis orę 195: 191: 187: 183: 179: 175: 171: 167: 163: 153: 152:on his maps. 151: 149: 143: 139: 135: 131: 127: 119:Southern Land 113: 109: 107: 97: 94: 90: 87: 84:Hypothetical 83: 79: 74: 69: 65: 59: 54: 51: 47: 44: 40: 33: 19: 3631: 3570: 3557: 3556: 3520:hypothesised 3510: 3478: 3396: 3327:Kazakhstania 3302:Congo Craton 3256: 3192:Prehistoric 3191: 3150: 3135: 3120: 3113:Afro-Eurasia 3105: 3067: 3052: 3037: 3022: 3007: 2992: 2977: 2906: 2892:(88): 1–18. 2889: 2877: 2860: 2839: 2835: 2830: 2822: 2817: 2809: 2804: 2796: 2792: 2787: 2779: 2775: 2770: 2762: 2758: 2746: 2741: 2733: 2720: 2712: 2707: 2695:. Retrieved 2673: 2669: 2663: 2657: 2649: 2645: 2640: 2632: 2628: 2624: 2620: 2612: 2611:20 June and 2608: 2604: 2600: 2592: 2588: 2584: 2576: 2571: 2563: 2558: 2550: 2545: 2533:. Retrieved 2528: 2519: 2507:. Retrieved 2503:the original 2492: 2472: 2465: 2456: 2432: 2428: 2424: 2407: 2395:. Retrieved 2385: 2377: 2372: 2359: 2351: 2346: 2338: 2332: 2324: 2319: 2311: 2305: 2291: 2279:. Retrieved 2269: 2254: 2245: 2239: 2231: 2226: 2218: 2213: 2205: 2201: 2193: 2176: 2167: 2150: 2146: 2136: 2124:. Retrieved 2120: 2111: 2099:. Retrieved 2095: 2086: 2066: 2059: 2047:. Retrieved 2043: 2033: 2022: 2017: 2008: 1996:. Retrieved 1991: 1987: 1977: 1969: 1964: 1956: 1951: 1932: 1926: 1918: 1912: 1900:. Retrieved 1885: 1878: 1868: 1840: 1834: 1815: 1809: 1799:Map Matters, 1798: 1791: 1781: 1776: 1768: 1764: 1760: 1751: 1745: 1697: 1648: 1640: 1639:The idea of 1629: 1623: 1617: 1611: 1605: 1587: 1566: 1546: 1532: 1520: 1500: 1491: 1476: 1470:January 2022 1467: 1456:Please help 1451:verification 1448: 1409: 1405: 1393: 1389: 1384: 1378: 1371: 1365: 1359: 1357:also showed 1350: 1346: 1342: 1338: 1334: 1326: 1320: 1315: 1311: 1306: 1300: 1292: 1288: 1284: 1278: 1273: 1264: 1256: 1244: 1238: 1234: 1224: 1220: 1218: 1210: 1205: 1201: 1196: 1171: 1134:proved that 1121: 1115: 1090: 1082: 1073: 1069: 1060: 1054: 1039: 1031: 1022: 1016: 1003: 1000:18th century 983: 956: 951: 936: 925: 918: 907: 902: 886: 882: 878: 869: 866:17th century 859: 851: 846: 841: 835: 831: 825: 819: 817: 760: 759: 753: 749: 745: 705: 688:in 1538 and 677: 675: 667: 662: 656: 650: 645: 641: 637: 633: 614: 587: 562: 532:16th century 519: 509: 506:to the right 503: 497: 470: 464: 460: 458: 446: 438:Indian Ocean 430: 424: 420: 364: 360: 354: 350: 335:Indian Ocean 329: 322: 314: 291: 283: 270: 265: 261: 257: 251: 241: 237:Captain Cook 230: 219:'s grandson 212: 206: 197: 189: 177: 173: 169: 165: 161: 159: 145: 103: 102: 67: 62:1570 map by 49: 43: 3494:Novopangaea 3362:South China 3342:North China 2607:, 18 June, 2535:25 December 1998:31 December 1578: 1715 1511:Joseph Hall 1420:Abel Tasman 1398:Dirk Hartog 1191:the country 1140:Abel Tasman 979:Abel Tasman 971:New Zealand 883:San Pedrico 765:Dieppe maps 754:Grande Jaue 722:granted to 682:Oronce Fine 630:River Plate 596:(1569) and 526:Mappa mundi 521:Etymologiae 453:Oronce Fine 434:Renaissance 406:Oronce Fine 242:New Holland 178:Magellanica 66:depicting " 18:Magallanica 3682:Categories 3630:See also: 3532:Hyperborea 3522:continents 3457:Seychelles 3442:Madagascar 3422:Doggerland 3317:Euramerica 3272:Asiamerica 3000:Antarctica 2953:Continents 2898:2480820377 2749:Marco Polo 2631:6 August, 2627:5 August, 2509:23 October 1717:References 1632:(1781) by 1539:(1676) by 1430:In fiction 1323:Henry Yule 1257:Java Minor 1240:Java Major 1226:Il Milione 1144:James Cook 1091:Resolution 1034:James Cook 963:Antarctica 959:South Pole 944:New Guinea 798:from 1597. 779:presented 752:is called 536:See also: 397:from 1520. 288:Antarctica 266:Antarctica 247:Antarctica 3603:Greenland 3467:Zealandia 3432:Jan Mayen 3417:Cathaysia 3337:Laurentia 3332:Laramidia 3322:Kalaharia 3277:Atlantica 3210:Kenorland 3030:Australia 2890:The Globe 2870:943679965 2747:Notes on 2281:25 August 1701:i.e. the 1650:Discworld 1597:dramatist 1394:Eendracht 1261:Cantonese 1251:), and 1189:" (later 1187:Australia 1179:Aristotle 1132:Cape Horn 1089:HMS 1074:Endeavour 1061:Gazetteer 1053:HMS 1040:Endeavour 977:explorer 948:Australia 716:Charles V 512:Antipodes 380:Piri Reis 325:Aristotle 262:Australia 258:Australia 233:Australia 202:Antipodes 148:Australis 142:Macrobius 130:antiquity 126:continent 92:Locations 86:continent 3661:Category 3527:Atlantis 3512:Mythical 3447:Mauritia 3412:Beringia 3297:Cimmeria 3292:Chilenia 3282:Avalonia 3262:Amazonia 3245:Vaalbara 3230:Pannotia 3215:Laurasia 3205:Gondwana 3200:Columbia 3128:Americas 2894:ProQuest 2858:(1895). 2672:Vol. 1, 2644:Also in 1902:18 March 1705:and the 1662:See also 1557:Huguenot 1249:Lop Buri 1247:(modern 1156:latitude 1038:HM Bark 744:'s 1556 602:landmass 215:, after 182:Magellan 3547:Meropis 3542:Lemuria 3357:Siberia 3307:Cuyania 3287:Baltica 3267:Arctica 3235:Rodinia 3225:Pangaea 3158:Oceania 3143:Eurasia 2126:12 July 2101:12 July 2049:12 July 1994:: 27–37 1771:(1570). 1647:in his 1559:writer 1400:, with 1376:showed 1343:Travels 1327:Travels 1307:Travels 1279:In the 1270:Sumatra 1253:Sumatra 1183:Ptolemy 1087:aboard 1070:Journal 1055:Dolphin 875:Spanish 638:Zeytung 628:to the 604:in the 331:Ptolemy 316:Ecumene 305:Origins 300:History 213:Chasdia 96:Patalis 3583:Arabia 3578:Alaska 3518:, and 3489:Aurica 3484:Amasia 3347:Pampia 3045:Europe 2985:Africa 2915: 2896: 2868: 2697:28 May 2480: 2397:13 May 2297:"1544" 2074: 1939: 1893: 1847: 1822: 1737: 1385:LOCACH 1366:LVCACH 1312:Boëach 1289:Boeach 1285:Locach 1265:Locach 1259:). 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