559:(popularly called as "Minto-Morley Reforms"), officially introduced the method of electing members to the Council. But it did not provide for direct election of the members. It abolished automatic official (executive) majorities in the Council and gave its members the power to move resolutions upon matters of general public interest and the budget and also to ask supplementary questions. There were a total of 21 elected members and 21 nominated members. The Act allowed up to 16 nominated members to be official and the remaining five were required to be non-officials. The Governor was also authorised to nominate two experts whenever necessary. As before, the Governor, his two executive council members and the Advocate-General were also members of the Council.
869:
dissolution by the
Governor and one-third of its members retired every three years. 46 of its members were elected directly by the electorate while the Governor could nominate 8 to 10 members. Similar to the council, the electable members were further classified into general and reserved members. Specific number of seats were reserved (allocated) to various religious and ethnic groups. The Act provided for a limited adult franchise based on property qualifications. Seven million people, roughly 15% of the Madras people holding land or paying urban taxes were qualified to be the electorate. Under this Act, two councils were constituted - the first in
289:
Act, the nominated members were allowed to move their own bills and vote on bills introduced in the council. However, they were not allowed to question the executive, move resolutions or examine the budget. Also they could not interfere with the laws passed by the
Central Legislature. The Governor was also the president of the Council and he had complete authority over when, where and how long to convene the Council and what to discuss. Two members of his Executive Council and the Advocate-General of Madras were also allowed to participate and vote in the Council. The Indians nominated under this Act were mostly
2152:
427:"election" explicitly. The elected members were officially called as "nominated" members and their method of election was described as "recommendation". Such "recommendations" were made by district boards, universities, municipalities and other associations. The term of the members was fixed at two years. The Council could also discuss the annual financial statement and ask questions subject to certain limitations. Thirty eight Indian members were "nominated" in the eight elections during 1893-1909 when this Act was in effect.
1151:. During 1946–52, it moved back to the Fort St. George. In 1952, the strength of the assembly rose to 375, after the constitution of the first legislative assembly, and it was briefly moved into temporary premises at the government estate complex. This move was made in March 1952, as the existing assembly building only had a seating capacity of 260. Then on 3 May 1952, it moved into the newly constructed assembly building in the same complex. The legislature functioned from the new building (later renamed as
1110:
149:
639:
listed as the transferred subjects. Law, Finance, Revenue and Home affairs were the reserved subjects. The provincial council could decide the budget in so far it related to the transferred subjects. Executive machinery dealing with those subjects was placed under the direct control of provincial legislature. However, the provincial legislature and the ministers did not have any control over the reserved subjects, which came under the
Governor and his Executive council.
51:
1121:
907:- the successor to Madras Presidency. It continued to be called as the "Madras Legislative Council". The Council was a permanent body and was not subject to dissolution. The length of a member's term was six years and one-third of the members retired every two years. The strength of the Council was not less than 40 or more than one-third of the strength of the Assembly. The following table illustrates how the members of Council were selected:
1349:
1383:
4269:
2136:
2122:
1018:
her insolvency. He used a provision in the
Section 31 of The Presidency Towns Insolvency Act of 1909, which allowed a judge to annul an insolvency retrospectively if all debts had been paid in full. This annulment made Nirmala's nomination valid and the writ petition against it was dismissed. However, Nirmala withdrew her nomination to the council. The Governor of Tamil Nadu,
1013:(aka A. B. Shanthi) to the Council. Her swearing in ceremony was scheduled for 23 April 1986. Nirmala had earlier declared insolvency and according to Article 102-(1)(c) of the Indian Constitution, an insolvent person can not serve as a member of parliament or state legislature. On 21 April, a lawyer named S. K. Sundaram, filed a public interest writ petition in the
1083:. The Tamil Nadu Legislative Council Act, 2010 received the assent of President on 18.5.2010 and published on the same day. Accordingly, Constituencies for the new house were identified in September 2010. Work on preparation of electoral rolls for them began in October 2010 and was completed by January 2011. However, in February 2011, the
1027:, who was not an MLA at that time, planned to enter the legislative council, and trouble the Chief minister from both Houses in the Legislature, as the Chief Minister was a member of the Lower House. Following such unwanted events and miffed with rumors, MGR decided to abolish the council once for all.
1078:
necessary for it to be done. On both occasions, the ADMK governments that followed the DMK governments passed counter resolutions to rescind them (in
October 1991 and July 2001 respectively). The Tamil Nadu Legislative Council Bill, 2010 was approved by the Indian cabinet on 4 May 2010 and was passed
1176:
in the
Omandurar Government Estate. In 2007, the German architectural firm GMP International won the design competition to design and construct the new assembly complex. Construction began in 2008 and was completed in 2010. The assembly functioned in the new assembly building during March 2010 - May
1094:
As on now, despite the fact that there is a specific provision of a
Legislative Council in Tamil Nadu in Article 168 of Constitution of India, there is no Legislative Council in Tamil Nadu for want of a resolution by the Tamil Nadu State Legislative Assembly by majority as provided in Article 169 of
709:
urban, Mohamaddan rural, Indian
Christian, European and Anglo-Indian 2)special constituencies such as landholders, Universities, planters and trade associations (South India Chamber of Commerce & Nattukottai Nagarathar Association) and 3) territorial constituencies. 28 of the constituencies were
467:
from the
University of Madras were some of the active members. However, over a period of time, representation by Indian members dwindled, for example, the position of Bashyam Iyengar and Sankaran Nayar in 1902 was occupied by Acworth and Sir George Moore. The council did not meet more than 9 days in
288:
The first Indian
Councils Act of 1861 set up the Madras Legislative Council as an advisory body through which the colonial administration obtained advice and assistance. The Act empowered the provincial Governor to nominate four non-English Indian members to the council for the first time. Under the
638:
could override any law passed by the Provincial councils. It brought about the concept of "Partial Responsible Government" in the provinces. Provincial subjects were divided into two categories - reserved and transferred. Education, Sanitation, Local self-government, Agriculture and Industries were
426:
In 1892, the role of the Council was expanded by the Indian Councils Act of 1892. The Act increased the number of additional members of the Council to a maximum of 20, of whom not more than nine had to be officials. The Act introduced the method of election for the Council, but did not mention word
1017:
challenging Nirmala's nomination to the Council. MGR loaned Nirmala a sum of Rupees 4,65,000 from ADMK's party funds to pay off her creditors, so that her insolvency declaration could be annulled. The same day, Nirmala's lawyer Subramaniam Pichai, was able to persuade judge Ramalingam to set aside
981:
state on 1 October 1953, its strength came down to 51. In 1956 it decreased to 50 and the next year increased again to 63 - where it remained till the council's abolition. Of those 63, local bodies and the assembly elected 21 each, the teachers and graduates elected 6 each and the remaining 9 were
1155:
during 1952–56. However, with the reorganisation of states and formation of Andhra, the strength came down to 190 and the legislature moved back to Fort St. George in 1956. From December 1956 till January 2010, the Fort remained the home to the legislature . In 2004, during the 12th assembly, the
1030:
On 14 May, a resolution seeking to abolish the council was moved successfully in the legislative assembly. The Tamil Nadu Legislative Council (Abolition) Bill, 1986 was passed by both houses of the Parliament and received the assent of the president on 30 August 1986. The Act came into force on 1
868:
and a Legislative Council. The Assembly consisted of 215 members, who were further classified into general members and reserved members representing special communities and interests. The Council consisted of a minimum of 54 and a maximum of 56 members. It was a permanent body not subject to
1090:
In the 2011 Assembly elections, the AIADMK came out with a sweeping majority. The AIADMK government headed by J.Jayalalitha expressed its intention not to revive the council. The government once again passed a counter resolution to withdraw the attempt to revive the council.
1065:
said steps will be taken to move the necessary constitutional amendments for reviving the council. On 12 April 2010, the Legislative Assembly passed a resolution seeking to revive the Council. The DMK's earlier attempts to revive the council, when it was in power during
704:
of the Governor's Executive Council. Out of the 127, 98 were elected from 61 constituencies of the presidency. The constituencies comprised three arbitrary divisions - 1)communal constituencies such as non-Muhammadan urban, non-Muhammadan rural, non-Brahman urban,
2109:, were appointed by the Governor himself. The presidents who came after them were chosen by the Council itself. During 1937–86, the presiding officer was called as the "Chairman of the Council". The following table lists the presiding officers of the Council.
982:
nominated. The Council could not pass legislation on its own - it had to approve or disapprove the laws passed by the Assembly. In case of conflict between the Council and the Assembly, the will of the later would prevail. When Madras state was renamed as
327:. The Council met infrequently and in some years (1874 and 1892) was not convened even once. The maximum of number of times it met in a year was eighteen. The Governor preferred to convene the Council at his summer retreat
633:
in the Provinces. Although this Act brought about representative Government in India, the Governor was empowered with overriding powers. It classified the subjects as belonging to either the Centre or the Provinces. The
1022:
asked MGR to explain how Nirmala's nomination was proposed without proper vetting. This incident caused an embarrassment to MGR. Then a rumor arose that President of the main opposition party and former Chief minister
2398:
769:). The term of the councils was three years (except for the fourth council which was extended for a year in expectation of abolition of dyarchy ). While the first, second and fourth Councils were controlled by
1080:
1288:
During its existence as the upper chamber of Tamil Nadu Legislature, the Council has been used thrice to appoint non-members of the Legislature as Chief Minister. The first time this happened was when
3757:
629:
was enacted. The Act enlarged the provincial legislative councils and increased the strength of elected members to be greater than that of nominated and official members. It introduced a system of
1625:
1399:
2097:
During 1861–1937, the presiding officer of the Madras Legislative Council was known as the "President of the Council". From its establishment in 1861 till dyarchy was introduced in 1921, the
3790:
1611:
1135:
since colonial times. During 1921–37, the Madras Legislative Council met at the council chambers within the fort. Between 14 July 1937 – 21 December 1938, the assembly met at the
924:
Nominated by the Governor on the advice of the cabinet. They were supposed to have excelled in fields like arts, science, literature, cooperative movement or social service
444:
1049:(DMK) has so far made three unsuccessful attempts to revive the council. Revival of the Legislative Council was one of the promises included in the election manifesto of
1309:
1297:
4624:
2759:
568:
2834:
331:, much to the displeasure of the Indian members. The few times when the Council met, it was for only a few hours with bills and resolutions being rushed through.
2952:
1585:
576:
3767:
874:
580:
1160:
made unsuccessful attempts to shift the assembly (the council had been abolished by then), first to the location of Queen Mary's College and later to the
1832:
870:
766:
762:
758:
754:
746:
564:
2676:
2084:
1955:
299:
landowners, who often benefited from their association with the colonial government. Supportive members were often re-nominated for several terms.
261:
tried to revive the Council. The former AIADMK regime (2016-2021) expressed its intention not to revive the council and passed a resolution in the
3800:
1970:
4594:
4257:
3580:
750:
742:
communities and 1 would represent the "backward tracts". Including the Executive Council members, the total strength of the legislature was 134.
3876:
2606:
1975:
4709:
1920:
1915:
1910:
1905:
1900:
1895:
1890:
1885:
1880:
1875:
1870:
1865:
1860:
1071:
1067:
1054:
588:
233:. Its role and strength were later expanded by the second Council Act of 1892. Limited election was introduced in 1909. The Council became a
1040:
249:, one of the successor states to the Madras Presidency. It was renamed as the Tamil Nadu Legislative Council when the state was renamed as
3928:
3725:
3594:
3386:
3340:
971:
Elected by an electorate consisting of teachers of secondary schools, colleges and universities with a minimum experience of three years
161:
4235:
1823:
1818:
1813:
1808:
1803:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1783:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1758:
17:
749:
for the Madras Legislative Council, under this Act was held in November 1920. The first sitting of the Council was inaugurated by the
2024:
1855:
1850:
1845:
1840:
1692:
1633:
995:
283:
2042:
2016:
4704:
4015:
3485:
1933:
4714:
4473:
4428:
1753:
1748:
1743:
1738:
1549:
1431:
4468:
4408:
4374:
4139:
4102:
3709:
3514:
3303:
3222:
3108:
2942:
2034:
977:
The actual strength of the council varied from time to time. During 1952–53, it had a strength of 72. After the formation of
340:
4629:
2077:
2029:
1993:
4493:
4423:
4308:
4250:
1554:
1528:
1208:
1136:
4619:
4563:
4379:
4323:
2554:
2520:
2450:
2432:
1462:
4443:
4348:
4112:
2640:
1467:
1061:
became Chief minister. In his inaugural address to the 13th Legislative Assembly delivered on 24 May 2006, Governor
774:
4573:
4568:
4498:
2588:
2484:
2327:
2056:
1730:
1074:
were not successful, as it did not possess both the two-thirds majority in the Legislative Assembly and a friendly
4548:
4528:
4394:
4338:
3850:
2937:
2070:
1577:
1544:
865:
262:
4614:
4553:
4538:
4508:
4483:
4478:
4243:
2364:
2006:
1293:
622:
3627:
714:. 29 members were nominated, out of whom a maximum of 19 would be government officials, 5 would represent the
4683:
4678:
4518:
4343:
4333:
4047:
3372:
864:
legislature in the Madras province. The Legislature consisted of the Governor and two Legislative bodies - a
464:
1168:. Both attempts were withdrawn after public opposition. During the 13th Assembly, the DMK government led by
963:
Elected by an electorate consisting of electors who have held Graduate degrees for a minimum of three years
4666:
4656:
4558:
4513:
4503:
4463:
4458:
3842:
1988:
1961:
1507:
896:
857:
626:
616:
612:
242:
3144:
3058:
2101:
was also the President of the Council. After dyarchy introduced, the first and second council presidents,
4604:
4599:
4543:
4533:
4523:
4488:
4265:
1173:
933:
903:
was adopted in 1950, the Legislative Council continued to be the upper chamber of the legislature of the
130:
4609:
4589:
4448:
4438:
4433:
4384:
4369:
4364:
4328:
4155:
3961:
3902:
3681:
3242:
2902:
2872:
1983:
1697:
1619:
1605:
1593:
1519:
1087:
stayed the elections to the new council, till the petitions challenging its revival could be heard.
1050:
1046:
635:
3989:
3573:
4661:
4453:
2817:
2345:
1480:
1426:
1411:
1132:
937:
878:
556:
279:
230:
226:
3098:
2720:
2502:
2106:
1720:
1629:
1457:
1198:
1128:
1113:
1104:
440:
428:
4182:
3655:
3938:
3735:
3604:
3540:
3400:
2701:
2183:
2102:
1567:
1490:
1336:
1289:
1084:
592:
4129:
3293:
3212:
4198:
3268:
2731:
1406:
1391:
1363:
1007:
948:
900:
770:
3454:
2923:
2780:
2126:
1140:
1062:
584:
460:
456:
432:
316:
8:
4285:
2947:
2098:
1949:
1450:
1075:
304:
300:
134:
4673:
3795:
3762:
3561:
3273:
3194:
3186:
1421:
1301:
1180:
List of historical locations where the Tamil Nadu Legislative Council has been housed:
1152:
1143:
and between 27 January 1938 - 26 October 1939 in the Banqueting Hall (later renamed as
1019:
999:
320:
254:
4135:
4108:
4041:
3843:"A Review of the Madras Legislative Assembly (1952-1957) : Section I, Chapter 2"
3366:
3299:
3218:
3198:
3104:
1672:
1416:
1212:
1014:
698:
596:
452:
218:
4225:
3014:
2151:
777:. The fifth council also saw a fractured verdict and a minority Justice government.
315:
were members for six years each. Other prominent members during the period included
257:
administration on 1 November 1986. In 1989, 1996 and 2010, the DMK regime headed by
4651:
3706:
3178:
2912:
2891:
2658:
2221:
2161:
986:
in 1968, the name of the council also changed to "Tamil Nadu Legislative Council".
600:
560:
448:
436:
324:
124:
4077:
1172:
proposed a new plan to shift the assembly and the government secretariat to the a
4062:
4025:
3713:
3632:
3396:
3350:
3326:
3128:
3081:
2309:
2275:
2203:
1702:
1313:
1308:
to the Council so that Rajaji could become chief minister. The third time was in
1177:
2011. In May 2011, the Tamil Nadu legislature was moved back to Fort St. George.
1161:
890:
312:
156:
3425:
2190:
1266:
1169:
1157:
1058:
706:
258:
3877:"Tamil Nadu Assembly bids goodbye to Fort St George, to move into new complex"
3182:
3042:
Madras Legislative Council; Its constitution and working between 1861 and 1909
773:
majorities, the third Council was characterised by a fractured verdict and an
4698:
4230:
2853:
2741:
2140:
1680:
1316:
became the chief minister first and then got himself elected to the Council.
1109:
1024:
328:
176:
163:
148:
753:
on 12 January 1921. In total, five such councils were constituted (in 1920,
3546:
2770:
1615:
1601:
1515:
1440:
1371:
1003:
978:
952:
904:
861:
727:
246:
3903:"State-of-the-art Secretariat draws on Tamil Nadu's democratic traditions"
3169:
Christopher Baker (1976), "The Congress at the 1937 Elections in Madras",
4643:
4293:
4273:
2806:
1305:
1227:
1144:
572:
308:
222:
198:
68:
1296:
to the Council so that Kumaraswamy Raja could become chief minister. In
3822:
3510:
3481:
3430:
3018:
1707:
1498:
1231:
1148:
983:
250:
234:
210:
42:
4104:
Land and people of Indian states and union territories. 25. Tamil Nadu
3190:
1120:
4298:
4020:
3966:
3933:
3827:
3730:
3599:
3391:
3345:
3321:
2121:
1662:
1589:
735:
238:
202:
245:
in 1947, it continued to be the upper chamber of the legislature of
723:
715:
295:
290:
3100:
The Govt of India ACT 1919 Rules Thereunder and Govt Reports 1920
2986:
The role of Madras Legislature in the freedom struggle, 1861-1947
1348:
1216:
808:
739:
711:
630:
50:
2135:
1382:
860:
abolished dyarchy and ensured provincial autonomy. It created a
3707:
Delimitation of Council Constituencies (Tamil Nadu), Order 2010
3459:
1165:
731:
719:
237:
legislative body in 1921 and eventually the upper chamber of a
221:. It was initially created as an advisory body in 1861, by the
947:
Elected by the members of local self governmental bodies like
4277:
4268:
3353:. 14 June 2002. Archived from the original on 25 January 2013
206:
4180:
229:, enacted in the British parliament in the aftermath of the
3387:"Court imposes Rs. 4.65-lakh fine on Vennira Adai Nirmala"
697:
The Council had a total of 127 members in addition to the
4199:"List of Governors of Madras, Provinces of British India"
4181:
Naidu, R. Janardhanam; K. Ramalingam; V. Subbiah (1974).
1249:
Kalaivanar Arangam, Government Estate (Omandurar Estate)
2988:. People's Pub. House (New Delhi). pp. 5–70, 72–83.
1116:
where the Tamil Nadu Legislature functioned for 60 years
3962:"Another milestone in Tamil Nadu's legislative history"
3515:"Crime writer's casebook- Vennira Aadai Nirmala Case-2"
2953:
List of speakers of the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly
3341:"Rs. 4.5 lakh-fine slapped on 'Vennira Aadai' Nirmala"
932:
Elected by the members of the Legislative Assembly by
994:
The legislative council was abolished in 1986 by the
4013:
3130:
The Justice Party: a historical perspective, 1916-37
3083:
The Justice Party: a historical perspective, 1916-37
3990:"After 16 months, Assembly back at Fort St. George"
3656:"Cabinet clears State Legislative Council proposal"
3538:
3164:
3162:
1283:
4100:
4231:TN Election Commission page for Council elections
3929:"New Assembly complex to have high-rise building"
3168:
884:
4696:
4156:"Legislative Council to be revived: Karunanidhi"
4131:THE CONSTITUTION OF INDIA A Politico-Legal Study
4101:Gopal K. Bharghava, Shankarlal C. Bhatt (2005).
3159:
2607:Thomas David Gibson-Carmichael, Baron Carmichael
1956:Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance
780:
443:representing southern group of district boards,
4060:
4054:
3039:
2983:
2677:George Freeman Freeman-Thomas, Baron Willingdon
4028:. Archived from the original on 3 January 2013
3053:
3051:
3015:"The State Legislature - Origin and Evolution"
2979:
2977:
2975:
2973:
2971:
2969:
2967:
2555:Arthur Oliver Villiers-Russell, Baron Ampthill
2521:Arthur Oliver Villiers-Russell, Baron Ampthill
477:Constituencies that elected members (1909–19)
468:a year during the time the Act was in effect.
4251:
4134:. Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd. p. 226.
2078:
1081:Indian Parliament on 5th and 6th of May, 2010
1057:. The DMK won the 2006 assembly election and
1031:November 1986 and the council was abolished.
4226:The State Legislature - Origin and Evolution
3987:
3959:
3926:
3900:
3825:(28 July 2008). "From Assembly to theatre".
3486:"Crime Writer's Casebook-ANJALI DEVI CASE-2"
3240:
3122:
3120:
3009:
3007:
3005:
3003:
3001:
2999:
2997:
2995:
1400:Fundamental Rights, Directive Principles and
1041:List of Council constituencies of Tamil Nadu
4107:. Delhi: Kalpaz Publications. p. 525.
3870:
3868:
3788:
3452:
3298:. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd. pp. 207–218.
3243:"Legislative Council had chequered history"
3217:. Cambridge University Press. p. 154.
3048:
2964:
4258:
4244:
4075:
3821:
3532:
3509:
3480:
3236:
3234:
3133:. Poompozhil Publishers. pp. 212–220.
2115:Chairman of Tamil Nadu Legislative Council
2085:
2071:
253:in 1969. The Council was abolished by the
147:
49:
3791:"TN govt's new office complex faces flak"
3726:"Announcement on electoral roll revision"
3420:
3418:
3295:Introduction to the Constitution of India
3126:
3117:
3079:
3073:
2992:
1230:), Government Estate (Omandurar Estate),
790:
647:
481:
447:of the northern group of municipalities,
352:
3865:
3625:
3595:"Assembly votes for Legislative Council"
3579:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
3503:
3474:
2823:
2795:
2690:
2264:
1119:
1108:
996:All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
268:
241:legislature in 1937. After India became
3231:
1329:This article is part of a series on the
217:, the first provincial legislature for
14:
4697:
4127:
4076:Pushpa Iyengar, Sugata Srinivasaraju,
4007:
3455:"Jayaprada's status as MP in jeopardy"
3415:
3379:
3333:
3312:
3291:
3285:
3266:
3260:
3096:
3090:
2797:During Provincial Autonomy (1937–1946)
1147:) in the Government Estate complex at
1131:has historically been the seat of the
4239:
3446:
3086:. Poompozhil Publishers. p. 206.
2943:List of chief ministers of Tamil Nadu
1319:
659:17 December 1920 – 11 September 1923
341:Madras Legislative Council, 1891-1909
4710:1861 establishments in British India
4625:Patiala and East Punjab States Union
4014:C. V. Gopalakrishnan (31 May 2001).
3789:Karthikeyan, Ajitha (22 July 2008).
1994:Tamil Nadu State Election Commission
621:Based on the recommendations of the
606:
471:
284:Madras Legislative Council (1861–91)
3619:
3210:
3204:
1529:Deputy Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu
1304:(Rajaji) was nominated by Governor
877:. Both Councils were controlled by
667:26 November 1923 – 7 November 1926
490:District boards and Municipalities
455:from the Corporation of Madras and
24:
4061:T. V. R. Shenoy (22 August 2001).
4016:"Of Governors and Chief Ministers"
3927:Ramakrishnan, T. (19 April 2008).
3766:. 22 February 2011. Archived from
3137:
3103:. BiblioBazaar. pp. 186–199.
2433:Mountstuart Elphinstone Grant Duff
1463:Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita
1381:
1347:
1241:Council chambers, Fort St. George
1223:27 January 1938 – 26 October 1939
1034:
25:
4726:
4219:
3960:Ramakrishnan, T (13 March 2010).
3901:Ramakrishnan, T (11 March 2010).
3874:
3734:. 24 October 2010. Archived from
3682:"Parliament nod for Council Bill"
3145:"Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly"
3059:"Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly"
1468:Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023
1274:31 August 1959 - 1 November 1986
4267:
3628:"Tamil Nadu to have Upper House"
3241:Ramakrishnan, T (8 April 2010).
3044:. S. Chand & CO. p. 76.
2825:In Republic of India (1950–1986)
2150:
2134:
2120:
1284:Chief Ministers from the Council
1205:14 July 1937 – 21 December 1938
506:South India Chamber of Commerce
4191:
4174:
4148:
4121:
4094:
4069:
3988:Ramakrishnan, T (24 May 2011).
3981:
3953:
3920:
3894:
3851:Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly
3835:
3815:
3782:
3758:"SC stays TN council elections"
3750:
3718:
3700:
3674:
3648:
3603:. 12 April 2010. Archived from
3587:
3319:"C. N. Annadurai: a timeline".
3269:"Public Administration Special"
2938:Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly
2382:William Rose Robinson (acting)
2266:Governors of Madras (1861–1920)
1578:Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly
1277:Assembly Hall, Fort St. George
1257:Assembly Hall, Fort St. George
1124:Senate House, Madras University
938:Single Transferable Vote System
858:Government of India Act of 1935
627:Government of India Act of 1919
603:were among the active members.
263:Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly
4705:Tamil Nadu Legislative Council
3033:
2451:Robert Bourke, Baron Connemara
2399:Duke of Buckingham and Chandos
1833:Legislative Assembly Elections
1643:Tamil Nadu Legislative Council
1294:Krishna Kumarsinhji Bhavsinhji
1254:29 April 1957 – 30 March 1959
1246:3 May 1952 – 27 December 1956
885:In Republic of India (1950-86)
195:Tamil Nadu Legislative Council
36:Tamil Nadu Legislative Council
13:
1:
4715:Defunct upper houses in India
4684:Constituent Assembly of India
4078:"Where The Family Heirs Loom"
4063:"From Rajaji to Jayalalithaa"
3875:S, Murari (15 January 2010).
3399:. 6 June 2007. Archived from
2958:
2641:John Sinclair, Baron Pentland
2485:Bentley Lawley, Baron Wenlock
781:Provincial autonomy (1937-50)
691:November 1934 - January 1937
683:October 1930 - November 1934
675:November 1926 - October 1930
4667:Central Legislative Assembly
4657:Imperial Legislative Council
3636:. Diligent Media Corporation
3539:India Today, Vol 11 (1986).
3453:indiaabroad (4 March 2009).
3426:"TN to get back Upper House"
3267:Darpan, Pratiyogita (2008),
2624:Sir Murray Hammick (acting)
2589:Arthur Lawley, Baron Wenlock
2416:William Huddleston (acting)
2103:Perungavalur Rajagopalachari
1989:Election Commission of India
1962:National Democratic Alliance
1508:Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu
1238:24 May 1946 – 27 March 1952
989:
793:
650:
617:Diarchy in Madras Presidency
613:Government of India Act 1919
548:
540:
532:
524:
516:
508:
500:
492:
484:
419:
411:
403:
395:
387:
379:
371:
363:
355:
334:
225:. It was established by the
213:. It began its existence as
27:Defunct upper house in India
7:
3211:Low, David Anthony (1993).
2931:
2659:Sir Alexander Gordon Cardew
2025:City Municipal Corporations
1402:Fundamental Duties of India
1098:
1002:(MGR). MGR had nominated a
934:proportional representation
514:Madras Traders Association
445:Kruthiventi Perraju Pantulu
307:was a member for 23 years,
303:was nominated eight times,
223:British colonial government
131:Proportional representation
10:
4731:
4409:State Legislative Assembly
2692:During dyarchy (1920–1937)
1292:was nominated by governor
1102:
1079:by both the houses of the
1038:
888:
738:, Thottiyar, Cheruman and
610:
545:
537:
529:
521:
513:
505:
497:
489:
416:
408:
400:
392:
384:
376:
368:
360:
338:
277:
215:Madras Legislative Council
18:Madras Legislative Council
4642:
4582:
4416:
4407:
4357:
4316:
4309:State Legislative Council
4307:
4284:
4184:Bharani's Madras handbook
4046:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
3371:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
3183:10.1017/s0026749x00014967
2903:Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
2883:Indian National Congress
2873:M. A. Manickavelu Naicker
2864:Indian National Congress
2845:Indian National Congress
2235:
2227:
2217:
2209:
2199:
2189:
2179:
2171:
2147:
2133:
2119:
2114:
1984:Electoral College (India)
1051:Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
1047:Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
273:
155:
146:
141:
122:
117:
107:
99:
91:
86:
76:
62:
57:
48:
41:
34:
3626:Arun Ram (26 May 2006).
3040:K. C. Markandan (1964).
2984:S. Krishnaswamy (1989).
2818:Indian National Congress
2572:Gabriel Stoles (acting)
2538:James Thompson (acting)
2346:Alexander John Arbuthnot
1731:Indian General Elections
1626:Leader of the Opposition
1427:Basic structure doctrine
1213:Madras University Campus
1133:Government of Tamil Nadu
557:Indian Councils Act 1909
280:Indian Councils Act 1861
231:Indian Rebellion of 1857
227:Indian Councils Act 1861
4679:Provincial Legislatures
3633:Daily News and Analysis
2760:C. V. S. Narasimha Raju
2721:L. D. Swamikannu Pillai
2503:Arthur Elibank Havelock
2293:Edward Maltby (acting)
2107:L. D. Swamikannu Pillai
1630:Edappadi K. Palaniswami
1458:Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita
1105:Fort St. George (India)
1095:Constitution of India.
1055:2006 Assembly elections
998:(AIADMK) government of
643:Councils under dyarchy
569:N. Krishnaswami Iyengar
441:C. Vijayaraghavachariar
429:C. Jambulingam Mudaliar
393:1899, 1902, 1903, 1904
177:13.081539°N 80.285718°E
3292:Sharma, B. K. (2007).
3127:Rajaraman, P. (1988).
3080:Rajaraman, P. (1988).
2835:R. B. Ramakrishna Raju
2702:Sir P. Rajagopalachari
2310:William Thomas Denison
2276:William Thomas Denison
2184:Governor of Tamil Nadu
2166:1976 – 1 November 1986
1491:Governor of Tamil Nadu
1386:
1352:
1339:Politics of Tamil Nadu
1290:P. S. Kumaraswamy Raja
1156:ADMK Government under
1125:
1117:
1085:Supreme Court of India
835:Nominated by Governor
593:V. S. Srinivasa Sastri
4128:Johari, J. C (2007).
3097:Mithra, H.N. (2009).
3061:. Government of India
1392:Constitution of India
1385:
1351:
1123:
1112:
968:One-twelfth (1/12th)
960:One-twelfth (1/12th)
955:and district boards.
498:University of Madras
269:History and evolution
3712:21 July 2011 at the
3329:. 15 September 2009.
3171:Modern Asian Studies
2924:Tamil Arasu Kazhagam
2781:B. Ramachandra Reddi
2127:Emblem of Tamil Nadu
1545:Council of Ministers
1141:University of Madras
1063:Surjit Singh Barnala
916:Method of Selection
866:Legislative Assembly
775:independent ministry
597:P. Theagaraya Chetty
585:T. V. Seshagiri Iyer
577:B. V. Narasimha Iyer
461:V. Krishnaswamy Iyer
457:P. S. Sivaswami Iyer
433:N. Subba Rao Pantulu
317:V. Bhashyam Aiyangar
182:13.081539; 80.285718
4286:Parliament of India
3147:. Indian Government
2948:Governors of Madras
2468:John Henry Garstin
2050:District Panchayats
1950:AIADMK-led Alliance
1612:Leader of the House
1451:Indian criminal law
901:Indian Constitution
895:After India became
787:
786:Breakdown of seats
644:
623:Montague-Chelmsford
478:
349:
305:Humayun Jah Bahadur
301:G. N. Ganapathy Rao
205:legislature of the
173: /
135:First past the post
4674:Chamber of Princes
3796:The Times of India
3770:on 4 November 2012
3763:The Times of India
3738:on 28 October 2010
3274:Pratiyogita Darpan
2099:Governor of Madras
2057:Village Panchayats
1683:: D. Krishnakumar
1422:Uniform Civil Code
1387:
1353:
1320:Presiding Officers
1302:C. Rajagopalachari
1197:Council chambers,
1153:Kalaivanar Arangam
1126:
1118:
1020:Sundar Lal Khurana
1000:M. G. Ramachandran
944:One-third (1/3rd)
929:One-third (1/3rd)
921:One-sixth (1/6th)
873:and the second in
819:Indian Christians
785:
642:
581:K. Perraju Pantulu
530:Large landholders
476:
345:
321:S. Subramania Iyer
255:M. G. Ramachandran
4692:
4691:
4638:
4637:
4474:Jammu and Kashmir
4429:Arunachal Pradesh
4403:
4402:
4375:Jammu and Kashmir
4141:978-81-207-2654-3
3803:on 11 August 2011
3513:(26 March 2009).
3484:(17 March 2009).
3305:978-81-203-3246-1
3224:978-0-521-45754-5
3214:Eclipse of empire
3110:978-1-113-74177-6
2929:
2928:
2575:15 February 1906
2562:15 February 1906
2559:13 December 1904
2544:13 December 1904
2525:28 December 1900
2510:28 December 1900
2406:20 December 1880
2403:23 November 1875
2388:23 November 1875
2351:19 February 1872
2335:19 February 1872
2296:26 November 1863
2283:26 November 1863
2280:18 February 1861
2243:
2242:
2095:
2094:
1935:Political Parties
1673:Madras High Court
1340:
1281:
1280:
1265:Aranmore Palace,
1262:20–30 April 1959
1226:Banqueting Hall (
1015:Madras High Court
975:
974:
854:
853:
751:Duke of Connaught
710:reserved for non-
695:
694:
607:Diarchy (1920-37)
565:A. S. Krishna Rao
553:
552:
472:Further expansion
453:P. Rangaiah Naidu
424:
423:
348:during 1891-1909
346:Council meetings
219:Madras Presidency
192:
191:
16:(Redirected from
4722:
4662:Council of State
4652:Council of India
4469:Himachal Pradesh
4414:
4413:
4314:
4313:
4272:
4271:
4260:
4253:
4246:
4237:
4236:
4214:
4213:
4211:
4209:
4195:
4189:
4188:
4178:
4172:
4171:
4169:
4167:
4152:
4146:
4145:
4125:
4119:
4118:
4098:
4092:
4091:
4090:
4088:
4073:
4067:
4066:
4058:
4052:
4051:
4045:
4037:
4035:
4033:
4011:
4005:
4004:
4002:
4000:
3985:
3979:
3978:
3976:
3974:
3957:
3951:
3950:
3948:
3946:
3941:on 22 April 2008
3937:. Archived from
3924:
3918:
3917:
3915:
3913:
3898:
3892:
3891:
3889:
3887:
3872:
3863:
3862:
3860:
3858:
3847:
3839:
3833:
3832:
3819:
3813:
3812:
3810:
3808:
3799:. Archived from
3786:
3780:
3779:
3777:
3775:
3754:
3748:
3747:
3745:
3743:
3722:
3716:
3704:
3698:
3697:
3695:
3693:
3678:
3672:
3671:
3669:
3667:
3652:
3646:
3645:
3643:
3641:
3623:
3617:
3616:
3614:
3612:
3607:on 14 April 2010
3591:
3585:
3584:
3577:
3571:
3567:
3565:
3557:
3555:
3553:
3536:
3530:
3529:
3527:
3525:
3507:
3501:
3500:
3498:
3496:
3478:
3472:
3471:
3469:
3467:
3450:
3444:
3443:
3441:
3439:
3422:
3413:
3412:
3410:
3408:
3383:
3377:
3376:
3370:
3362:
3360:
3358:
3337:
3331:
3330:
3316:
3310:
3309:
3289:
3283:
3282:
3264:
3258:
3257:
3255:
3253:
3238:
3229:
3228:
3208:
3202:
3201:
3166:
3157:
3156:
3154:
3152:
3141:
3135:
3134:
3124:
3115:
3114:
3094:
3088:
3087:
3077:
3071:
3070:
3068:
3066:
3055:
3046:
3045:
3037:
3031:
3030:
3028:
3026:
3011:
2990:
2989:
2981:
2913:M. P. Sivagnanam
2892:C. P. Chitrarasu
2645:30 October 1912
2630:30 October 1912
2611:3 November 1911
2596:3 November 1911
2489:23 January 1891
2474:23 January 1891
2471:1 December 1890
2458:1 December 1890
2455:8 December 1886
2440:8 December 1886
2437:5 November 1881
2422:5 November 1881
2314:18 January 1864
2299:18 January 1864
2260:Political party
2245:
2244:
2222:M. P. Sivagnanam
2213:18 February 1861
2200:Inaugural holder
2162:M. P. Sivagnanam
2154:
2138:
2124:
2112:
2111:
2087:
2080:
2073:
2053:Panchayat Unions
2009:
2008:Local Government
1971:National parties
1936:
1723:
1665:
1600:Deputy Speaker:
1570:
1483:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1341:
1338:
1330:
1324:
1323:
1183:
1182:
1076:union government
910:
909:
899:in 1947 and the
788:
784:
645:
641:
636:Governor General
601:Yakub Hasan Sait
561:P. Kesava Pillai
479:
475:
465:M. Krishnan Nair
449:C. Sankaran Nair
437:P. Kesava Pillai
350:
344:
325:C. Sankaran Nair
265:in this regard.
188:
187:
185:
184:
183:
178:
174:
171:
170:
169:
166:
151:
53:
32:
31:
21:
4730:
4729:
4725:
4724:
4723:
4721:
4720:
4719:
4695:
4694:
4693:
4688:
4634:
4630:Vindhya Pradesh
4578:
4399:
4353:
4303:
4280:
4266:
4264:
4222:
4217:
4207:
4205:
4197:
4196:
4192:
4179:
4175:
4165:
4163:
4154:
4153:
4149:
4142:
4126:
4122:
4115:
4099:
4095:
4086:
4084:
4074:
4070:
4059:
4055:
4039:
4038:
4031:
4029:
4026:The Hindu Group
4012:
4008:
3998:
3996:
3986:
3982:
3972:
3970:
3958:
3954:
3944:
3942:
3925:
3921:
3911:
3909:
3899:
3895:
3885:
3883:
3873:
3866:
3856:
3854:
3845:
3841:
3840:
3836:
3820:
3816:
3806:
3804:
3787:
3783:
3773:
3771:
3756:
3755:
3751:
3741:
3739:
3724:
3723:
3719:
3714:Wayback Machine
3705:
3701:
3691:
3689:
3680:
3679:
3675:
3665:
3663:
3654:
3653:
3649:
3639:
3637:
3624:
3620:
3610:
3608:
3593:
3592:
3588:
3578:
3569:
3568:
3559:
3558:
3551:
3549:
3537:
3533:
3523:
3521:
3508:
3504:
3494:
3492:
3479:
3475:
3465:
3463:
3451:
3447:
3437:
3435:
3424:
3423:
3416:
3406:
3404:
3397:The Hindu Group
3385:
3384:
3380:
3364:
3363:
3356:
3354:
3351:The Hindu Group
3339:
3338:
3334:
3327:The Hindu Group
3318:
3317:
3313:
3306:
3290:
3286:
3265:
3261:
3251:
3249:
3239:
3232:
3225:
3209:
3205:
3167:
3160:
3150:
3148:
3143:
3142:
3138:
3125:
3118:
3111:
3095:
3091:
3078:
3074:
3064:
3062:
3057:
3056:
3049:
3038:
3034:
3024:
3022:
3013:
3012:
2993:
2982:
2965:
2961:
2934:
2746:September 1925
2728:September 1925
2231:1 November 1986
2204:William Denison
2167:
2165:
2159:
2155:
2143:
2129:
2091:
2062:
2061:
2035:Town Panchayats
2011:
2007:
1999:
1998:
1980:
1967:
1938:
1934:
1926:
1925:
1828:
1725:
1721:
1713:
1712:
1703:Nyaya panchayat
1698:Gram Nyayalayas
1693:District Courts
1689:
1667:
1663:
1655:
1654:
1639:
1599:
1572:
1568:
1560:
1559:
1541:
1503:
1485:
1481:
1473:
1472:
1454:
1446:
1436:
1412:Judicial review
1401:
1379:
1378:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1337:
1328:
1322:
1314:C. N. Annadurai
1286:
1199:Fort St. George
1162:Anna University
1129:Fort St. George
1114:Fort St. George
1107:
1101:
1043:
1037:
1035:Revival attempt
992:
893:
891:Vidhan Parishad
887:
783:
619:
609:
474:
385:1896,1898,1909
347:
343:
337:
313:P. Chentsal Rao
286:
276:
271:
181:
179:
175:
172:
167:
164:
162:
160:
159:
157:Fort St. George
137:and Nominations
127:
79:
72:
71:
37:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4728:
4718:
4717:
4712:
4707:
4690:
4689:
4687:
4686:
4681:
4676:
4671:
4670:
4669:
4664:
4654:
4648:
4646:
4640:
4639:
4636:
4635:
4633:
4632:
4627:
4622:
4617:
4612:
4607:
4602:
4597:
4592:
4586:
4584:
4580:
4579:
4577:
4576:
4571:
4566:
4561:
4556:
4551:
4546:
4541:
4536:
4531:
4526:
4521:
4516:
4511:
4506:
4501:
4496:
4494:Madhya Pradesh
4491:
4486:
4481:
4476:
4471:
4466:
4461:
4456:
4451:
4446:
4441:
4436:
4431:
4426:
4424:Andhra Pradesh
4420:
4418:
4411:
4405:
4404:
4401:
4400:
4398:
4397:
4392:
4387:
4382:
4380:Madhya Pradesh
4377:
4372:
4367:
4361:
4359:
4355:
4354:
4352:
4351:
4346:
4341:
4336:
4331:
4326:
4324:Andhra Pradesh
4320:
4318:
4311:
4305:
4304:
4302:
4301:
4296:
4290:
4288:
4282:
4281:
4263:
4262:
4255:
4248:
4240:
4234:
4233:
4228:
4221:
4220:External links
4218:
4216:
4215:
4203:Worldstatesman
4190:
4173:
4162:. 7 April 2010
4147:
4140:
4120:
4113:
4093:
4068:
4053:
4006:
3980:
3952:
3919:
3893:
3864:
3834:
3814:
3781:
3749:
3717:
3699:
3673:
3647:
3618:
3586:
3531:
3502:
3473:
3445:
3414:
3403:on 8 June 2007
3378:
3332:
3311:
3304:
3284:
3259:
3230:
3223:
3203:
3177:(4): 557–589,
3158:
3136:
3116:
3109:
3089:
3072:
3047:
3032:
2991:
2962:
2960:
2957:
2956:
2955:
2950:
2945:
2940:
2933:
2930:
2927:
2926:
2921:
2918:
2915:
2910:
2906:
2905:
2900:
2897:
2894:
2889:
2885:
2884:
2881:
2878:
2875:
2870:
2866:
2865:
2862:
2861:20 April 1964
2859:
2856:
2851:
2847:
2846:
2843:
2840:
2837:
2832:
2828:
2827:
2821:
2820:
2815:
2812:
2809:
2804:
2800:
2799:
2793:
2792:
2791:Justice Party
2789:
2786:
2783:
2778:
2774:
2773:
2768:
2765:
2762:
2757:
2753:
2752:
2750:
2747:
2744:
2739:
2735:
2734:
2729:
2726:
2723:
2718:
2714:
2713:
2710:
2707:
2704:
2699:
2695:
2694:
2688:
2687:
2685:
2684:12 April 1924
2682:
2681:10 April 1919
2679:
2674:
2670:
2669:
2667:
2666:10 April 1919
2664:
2663:29 March 1919
2661:
2656:
2652:
2651:
2649:
2648:29 March 1919
2646:
2643:
2638:
2634:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2627:30 March 1912
2625:
2622:
2618:
2617:
2615:
2614:30 March 1912
2612:
2609:
2604:
2600:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2593:28 March 1906
2591:
2586:
2582:
2581:
2579:
2578:28 March 1906
2576:
2573:
2570:
2566:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2557:
2552:
2548:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2541:30 April 1904
2539:
2536:
2532:
2531:
2529:
2528:30 April 1904
2526:
2523:
2518:
2514:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2507:18 March 1896
2505:
2500:
2496:
2495:
2493:
2492:18 March 1896
2490:
2487:
2482:
2478:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2469:
2466:
2462:
2461:
2459:
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2426:
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2423:
2420:
2417:
2414:
2410:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2401:
2396:
2392:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2385:29 April 1875
2383:
2380:
2376:
2375:
2373:
2372:29 April 1875
2370:
2367:
2362:
2358:
2357:
2355:
2352:
2349:
2343:
2339:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2332:27 March 1866
2330:
2325:
2321:
2320:
2318:
2317:27 March 1866
2315:
2312:
2307:
2303:
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2300:
2297:
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2255:
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2240:
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2197:
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2177:
2176:
2173:
2169:
2168:
2157:Last in office
2149:
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2145:
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2139:
2131:
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2125:
2117:
2116:
2093:
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2075:
2067:
2064:
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2059:
2054:
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2047:
2046:
2038:
2037:
2032:
2030:Municipalities
2027:
2021:
2020:
2012:
2005:
2004:
2001:
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1997:
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1991:
1986:
1979:
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1966:
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1939:
1932:
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1928:
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1924:
1923:
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1913:
1908:
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1638:
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1285:
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1270:
1267:Udhagamandalam
1263:
1259:
1258:
1255:
1251:
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1235:
1234:
1224:
1220:
1219:
1206:
1202:
1201:
1195:
1191:
1190:
1187:
1170:M. Karunanidhi
1158:J. Jayalalitha
1103:Main article:
1100:
1097:
1059:M. Karunanidhi
1036:
1033:
991:
988:
973:
972:
969:
965:
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953:municipalities
945:
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883:
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828:
824:
823:
820:
816:
815:
812:
804:
803:
800:
796:
795:
792:
782:
779:
747:first election
693:
692:
689:
685:
684:
681:
677:
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669:
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661:
660:
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653:
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608:
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531:
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485:No of Members
483:
473:
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422:
421:
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406:
405:
402:
398:
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394:
390:
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386:
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374:
373:
370:
366:
365:
362:
358:
357:
354:
336:
333:
275:
272:
270:
267:
259:M. Karunanidhi
201:of the former
190:
189:
153:
152:
144:
143:
139:
138:
128:
123:
120:
119:
115:
114:
109:
105:
104:
101:
97:
96:
93:
89:
88:
84:
83:
80:
77:
74:
73:
67:
66:
64:
60:
59:
55:
54:
46:
45:
39:
38:
35:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4727:
4716:
4713:
4711:
4708:
4706:
4703:
4702:
4700:
4685:
4682:
4680:
4677:
4675:
4672:
4668:
4665:
4663:
4660:
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4658:
4655:
4653:
4650:
4649:
4647:
4645:
4641:
4631:
4628:
4626:
4623:
4621:
4620:Madhya Bharat
4618:
4616:
4613:
4611:
4608:
4606:
4603:
4601:
4598:
4596:
4593:
4591:
4588:
4587:
4585:
4581:
4575:
4572:
4570:
4567:
4565:
4564:Uttar Pradesh
4562:
4560:
4557:
4555:
4552:
4550:
4547:
4545:
4542:
4540:
4537:
4535:
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4406:
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4378:
4376:
4373:
4371:
4368:
4366:
4363:
4362:
4360:
4356:
4350:
4349:Uttar Pradesh
4347:
4345:
4342:
4340:
4337:
4335:
4332:
4330:
4327:
4325:
4322:
4321:
4319:
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4297:
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4232:
4229:
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4224:
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4204:
4200:
4194:
4186:
4185:
4177:
4161:
4157:
4151:
4143:
4137:
4133:
4132:
4124:
4116:
4114:81-7835-356-3
4110:
4106:
4105:
4097:
4083:
4082:Outlook India
4079:
4072:
4064:
4057:
4049:
4043:
4027:
4023:
4022:
4017:
4010:
3995:
3991:
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3930:
3923:
3908:
3904:
3897:
3882:
3881:Asian Tribune
3878:
3871:
3869:
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3601:
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3575:
3563:
3548:
3544:
3543:
3542:Council Caper
3535:
3520:
3516:
3512:
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3491:
3487:
3483:
3477:
3462:
3461:
3456:
3449:
3434:. 24 May 2006
3433:
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3200:
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2879:
2876:
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2871:
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2863:
2860:
2857:
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2854:P. V. Cherian
2852:
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2754:
2751:
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2745:
2743:
2742:M. Ratnaswami
2740:
2737:
2736:
2733:
2732:Justice Party
2730:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2716:
2715:
2712:Non-Partisan
2711:
2708:
2705:
2703:
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2239:www.tn.gov.in
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2141:Flag of India
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1976:State parties
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1681:Chief Justice
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2369:15 May 1872
2354:15 May 1872
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2254:Took office
2218:Final holder
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1602:K. Pitchandi
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1441:Law of India
1439:
1407:Human rights
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1137:Senate House
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4644:British Raj
4574:West Bengal
4569:Uttarakhand
4499:Maharashtra
4395:West Bengal
4339:Maharashtra
4294:Rajya Sabha
4087:16 November
4032:17 December
3945:11 February
3886:11 February
3857:11 February
3807:11 February
3774:23 February
3640:23 December
3570:|work=
3552:23 December
3524:23 December
3495:23 December
3466:23 December
3438:23 December
3407:23 December
3357:23 December
3151:25 November
3065:17 December
3025:17 December
2807:U. Rama Rao
2365:Lord Hobart
2328:Lord Napier
2191:Term length
1569:Legislature
1550:Departments
1306:Sri Prakasa
1228:Rajaji Hall
1145:Rajaji Hall
913:Proportion
897:independent
589:P. Siva Rao
573:B. N. Sarma
356:No of Days
309:T. Rama Rao
243:independent
199:upper house
180: /
92:Established
78:Term limits
69:Upper house
4699:Categories
4549:Tamil Nadu
4529:Puducherry
4390:Tamil Nadu
3823:S. Muthiah
3742:27 October
3511:Randor Guy
3482:Randor Guy
3431:Rediff.com
3021:Government
3019:Tamil Nadu
2959:References
1943:Coalitions
1708:Lok Adalat
1499:R. N. Ravi
1232:Mount Road
1194:1921–1937
1149:Mount Road
1039:See also:
1004:Tamil film
984:Tamil Nadu
936:using the
889:See also:
827:Europeans
707:Mohamaddan
611:See also:
522:Zamindars
409:1895,1905
377:1894,1907
369:1897,1901
339:See also:
278:See also:
251:Tamil Nadu
235:unicameral
211:Tamil Nadu
168:80°17′09″E
165:13°04′54″N
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4615:Hyderabad
4554:Telangana
4539:Rajasthan
4509:Meghalaya
4484:Karnataka
4479:Jharkhand
4344:Telangana
4334:Karnataka
4299:Lok Sabha
4160:The Hindu
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4021:The Hindu
3994:The Hindu
3967:The Hindu
3934:The Hindu
3907:The Hindu
3828:The Hindu
3731:The Hindu
3686:The Hindu
3660:The Hindu
3600:The Hindu
3572:ignored (
3562:cite book
3392:The Hindu
3346:The Hindu
3322:The Hindu
3247:The Hindu
3199:144054002
2348:(acting)
2228:Abolished
2210:Formation
2195:Six years
2180:Appointer
2175:Abolished
1952:(AIADMK+)
1722:Elections
1664:Judiciary
1650:Disbanded
1590:M. Appavu
1482:Executive
1432:Amendment
1189:Location
1186:Duration
1072:1996-2001
1006:actress,
990:Abolition
862:bicameral
736:Sakkiliar
546:Planters
335:Expansion
291:zamindars
239:bicameral
209:state of
203:bicameral
118:Elections
100:Disbanded
4519:Nagaland
4042:cite web
3973:18 March
3912:18 March
3710:Archived
3611:13 April
3367:cite web
3281:(22): 60
2932:See also
1685:(Acting)
1417:Taxation
1164:campus,
1099:Location
879:Congress
799:General
724:Valluvar
716:Paraiyar
712:Brahmans
648:Council
538:Muslims
296:ryotwari
197:was the
4559:Tripura
4514:Mizoram
4504:Manipur
4464:Haryana
4459:Gujarat
4417:Current
4317:Current
3999:23 June
3519:Galatta
3490:Galatta
3252:8 April
2236:Website
1958:(INDIA)
1586:Speaker
1269:(Ooty)
1217:Chepauk
1139:of the
1068:1989–91
1011:Nirmala
809:Muslims
702:members
680:Fourth
664:Second
631:dyarchy
87:History
82:6 years
4605:Bombay
4600:Bhopal
4583:Former
4544:Sikkim
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1537:Vacant
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979:Andhra
794:Seats
791:Group
740:Holeya
732:Madiga
720:Pallar
688:Fifth
672:Third
656:First
353:Years
274:Origin
207:Indian
4610:Coorg
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2251:Name
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2017:Urban
1964:(NDA)
1312:when
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844:Total
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