324:
155:
574:
142:
316:
59:
911:
129:
465:
government enforced a policy of assimilating diverse cultural groups into a pan-Nepali identity. Legal directives made it an offense to address inequality and discrimination of ethnic groups. The complexities of ethnopolitical conflicts between immigrants, caste groups and indigenous groups living in
824:
constituted almost half of their daily food intake, supplemented by vegetables, potatoes, milk and dairy products. Less frequently they consumed meat, fish, eggs and fruit. About 13.7% of the total food intake of men was alcohol, whereas females consumed far less alcohol. Fruit commonly grown in the
387:. This increased immigration facilitated the expansion of cultivated land, which provided revenue for the state in the form of taxes by farmers, duties for felling and export of timber, and fees for the grazing of cattle on pastures during dry seasons. In the mid 19th century, Muslim people from the
432:
With 33,998.8 km (13,127.0 sq mi), the Nepal Terai constitutes 23.1% of Nepal's land area. As of 2001, about 48.5% of Nepal's population lived in the Terai, which had a population density of 330.78/km (856.7/sq mi), the highest in the country. As of June 2011, the Nepal Terai's
407:
and engaged in business. In 1981, the Indian
Ministry of Foreign Affairs estimated that about 3.2 million people of Indian origin lived in Nepal, of which about 2.4 million had received Nepali citizenship. In 2006, the Nepal Citizenship Act was amended to the effect that people born before 1990 and
366:
and subsequent drought. They converted forests to agricultural land. To promote the economic development of the Nepal Terai, people from the hills were invited to settle, but only a few moved to the Terai. Between the 1860s and 1951, people from India immigrated and settled in the region.
525:
The Tharu people were initially comfortable with the
Madheshi identity in the eastern part of the Terai as of 2007, but in the central part, they claim a distinct Tharu identity. In 2009, they disassociated themselves from being identified as Madheshi and demanded their own province.
513:
formed by
Madheshi organizations pressured the government to accept this concept of autonomy under the motto "One Madhes One Pradesh". Several ethnic and religious groups in the Terai opposed and resisted this policy under the leadership of Madheshi parties, foremost
444:
Since the late 1940s, the term 'Madhes' was used by politicians in the Nepal Terai to differentiate between the interests of the people of the Terai and of the hills. At the time, Indian and
Madheshi people needed a passport to travel to
496:
is the oldest
Madheshi party, which started lobbying for socio-cultural, linguistic and political rights of Madheshi people in the 1990s. The discussions on rights and demands of Madheshi people increased after the end of the
1405:. Kathmandu: International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development, Ministry of Environment, Science and Technology, in cooperation with United Nations Environment Programme, Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific.
529:
Armed groups like Terai Army, Madhesi
National Liberation Front, Terai Cobras and Madhesh Mukti Tigers pursued this aim of autonomy using violent means. Some members of these organisations were responsible for acts of
391:
region were invited to settle in the far-western Nepal Terai, where they received large forested areas for conversion to agriculture. People of at least 21 Indian ethnic groups immigrated between 1933 and 1966.
1381:
Legal
Analysis of Citizenship Law of Nepal. A Comparative Study of the Nepal Citizenship Act, 2006 with the Constitution, Precedents, International Human Rights Obligation and Best Practices. Publication No.
644:
and Uttar
Pradesh, respectively. They are influenced by the hierarchy of the Hindu caste system, with the difference that it is not based on the principle of pollution and purity, but on occupation.
628:
Muslim people in the Terai constitute about 96% of all
Muslims in the country. Their cultural traditions are interlinked with those of Muslim people in northern India; popular destinations for their
403:
who had stayed in the
Madhesh for at least five years or married to native Madhesis. The Citizenship Act of 1963 entitled immigrants to receive Nepali citizenship if they were able to read and write
473:
in spring 1990, disadvanted groups demanded a more equitable share of political resources such as admittance to civil service. Madheshi people are disadvantaged in regards to access to education;
436:
The Madheshi people constituted 32% of Nepal's population by the 1991 census. Of these, 16% belonged to various Hindu castes, 9% belonged to other ethnic groups, including 6.5% Tharu people.
581:
The culture of Madeshi people is complex and diverse. The Muslim and indigenous peoples speak their own languages and have distinct cultural traditions that differ from the Hindu
651:
being compulsory and free of cost, more boys than girls are enrolled. Girls are expected to look after younger siblings and do household chores. Many rural Madheshi girls are
323:
358:
of Nepal encouraged people living in India to settle in the eastern Terai through a series of subsidies granted to new settlers. In the 1770s to 1780s, famine-stricken
2105:
704:
Muslim Madheshis speak Urdu primarily, but also Awadhi, Bhojpuri, Bajjika and Maithili, depending on whether they live in the western, central or eastern Terai.
509:
advocated the idea of an autonomous Madhes province stretching all over the Terai and organised violent demonstrations in 2007 to enforce their demands. The
2090:
1215:
1379:
1359:
1806:
256:
of the Terai. Many of these groups share cultural traditions, educational and family ties with people living south of the international border in
1590:
408:
residing permanently in the country obtained the right to Nepali citizenship. About 2.3 million people received citizenship certificates. The
554:
2271:. Discussion Paper Series. Vol. 15. Hiroshima: Hiroshima University Partnership Project for Peace Building and Capacity Development.
2260:. Discussion Paper Series. Vol. 19. Hiroshima: Hiroshima University Partnership Project for Peace Building and Capacity Development.
647:
Both Muslim and Hindu Madheshi parents place more emphasis on the education of boys than of girls. Despite an increase of schools and
2227:
2336:
1432:
1567:
291:(मध्य देश), literally the middle country, which refers to "the central region, the country lying between the Himalaya and the
2637:
2211:
2039:
1943:
1621:
1410:
1189:
413:
891:
804:
at madrasas in the Terai are either from India, or were trained in India and Saudi Arabia. Many Muslim Madheshis practise
2588:
2198:
2956:
2173:
683:
languages. The National Population and Housing Census of 2011 knows of 123 languages spoken in all of Nepal and lists:
506:
3021:
1972:
1658:
1522:
1493:
1086:
1020:
712:
The following religions are practised in the Terai according to the National Population and Housing Census of 2011:
2990:
2877:
2608:
535:
375:
between 1846 and 1950. They settled foremost in the Terai together with already present native Terai peoples like
3621:
3264:
2968:
2937:
510:
1152:
Mishra, R. (2007). "Sectional President's Address: Ethnicity and National Unification: The Madheshis of Nepal".
1127:
912:"New Identity Politics and the 2012 Collapse of Nepal's Constituent Assembly: When the dominant becomes 'other'"
1246:
502:
17:
687:
3,092,530 Maithili speaking people (11.7% of Nepal's total population), of which 3,004,245 lived in the Terai;
489:. Madheshi identity is largely based on the experience of being discriminated by the country's ruling elites.
2999:
2917:
2859:
542:
470:
2787:
2663:
3517:
3183:
3165:
2949:
2944:
2681:
863:
2257:
Education, Nationalism, and Conflict in Plural Society in Nepal: Terai Region in the Post-Maoist Context
2155:"Food consumption patterns and nutrient intake among Nepalese living in the southern rural Terai region"
433:
human population totaled 13,318,705 people comprising more than 120 different ethnic groups and castes.
209:
became a widely recognised name for Nepali citizens with an Indian cultural background only after 1990.
3549:
3542:
3338:
3279:
3160:
3029:
2927:
2716:
2329:
983:
887:
486:
409:
2685:
2533:
1988:
Thapa, S. (1995). "Caste Hierarchy: The inter-Ethnic Stratification in the Muslim society of Nepal".
1909:
637:
2245:
3532:
3296:
2673:
2653:
2627:
557:, Indian politicians kept on trying to secure strategic interests in the Nepal Terai, such as over
39:
1779:
773:
The religious practices of the majority of Madheshi people are a mixture of orthodox Hinduism and
3054:
3039:
2985:
2978:
2867:
2820:
2812:
2772:
2658:
2395:
793:
565:, India tried to dominate Nepal's internal politics and foment the conflict in the Nepal Terai.
477:
rate among Madheshi people is lower than among other groups in Nepal, and lowest among Madheshi
3289:
3009:
3004:
2872:
2240:
2153:
Ohno, Y.; Hirai, K.; Sato, N.; Ito, M.; Yamamoto, T.; Tamura, T. & Shrestha, M. P. (1997).
1741:
493:
396:
178:
1510:
1190:"Economic development through indigenous means: A case of Indian migration in the Nepal Terai"
1074:
3586:
3527:
3321:
3234:
3155:
2932:
2912:
2322:
2268:
The rise of new regional political force in Madhes and its consequence in post-conflict Nepal
1960:
1609:
1481:
1234:
1008:
858:
740:
561:
energy, development projects, business and trade. It has been alleged that by supporting the
190:
1132:
Revised and enlarged edition of Prin. V. S. Apte's The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary
1079:
Local Democracy in South Asia: Microprocesses of democratization in Nepal and its neighbours
816:
In 1989, a study on food consumption patterns was conducted with 108 people in a village in
3537:
3512:
3145:
2592:
2518:
2513:
1013:
Nationalism and ethnicity in a Hindu kingdom: The politics of culture in contemporary Nepal
697:
450:
1931:
1890:
762:
8:
3462:
3249:
1402:
Nepal Biodiversity Resource Book. Protected Areas, Ramsar Sites, and World Heritage Sites
789:
633:
562:
501:, in particular among Madheshi intellectuals and political elites. The political parties
3244:
3239:
3193:
3178:
3034:
2973:
2961:
2922:
2703:
2668:
2603:
2550:
2423:
2221:
1691:
1328:
1301:
1161:
1050:
931:
498:
2239:. Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu: Centre for Nepal and Asian Studies. pp. 1–12.
481:. They are also disappointed to have been excluded from participation in bureaucracy,
461:
and increasing employment opportunities for Madheshi people. During 1961 to 1990, the
3507:
3381:
3361:
3311:
3306:
3301:
2900:
2882:
2799:
2632:
2619:
2598:
2583:
2560:
2540:
2266:
2255:
2207:
2075:
2059:
2035:
2008:
1968:
1939:
1695:
1654:
1617:
1518:
1489:
1406:
1242:
1082:
1016:
935:
820:. Results of this study showed that the people consumed seven food items on average.
781:
716:
668:
664:
652:
648:
462:
458:
253:
99:
91:
2154:
2060:"Muslims in Nepal: The Local and Global Dimensions of a Changing Religious Minority"
3579:
3572:
3351:
3224:
3212:
3188:
3133:
3062:
2849:
2777:
2555:
2528:
2357:
2349:
2071:
1869:
1683:
1271:
990:. Washington, D.C.: Federal Research Division, Library of Congress. pp. 74–81.
962:
923:
817:
380:
340:
300:
107:
1742:"Politicising ethnicity: Tharu contestation of Madheshi identity in Nepal's Tarai"
1398:
1081:. New Delhi, Los Angeles, London, Singapore: Sage Publications. pp. 128–149.
690:
1,584,958 Bhojpuri speaking people (5.98%), of which 1,542,333 lived in the Terai;
3522:
3391:
3371:
3328:
3198:
3150:
3105:
2794:
2235:
Hachhethu, K. (2007). "Madheshi nationalism and restructuring the Nepali state".
2009:"Significance of Girl Education: Parents' Perception from Rural Madhesh of Nepal"
1874:
1857:
1687:
680:
590:
404:
241:
198:
170:
1486:
Nationalism and Ethnic Conflict in Nepal: identities and mobilization after 1990
449:, a requirement in place until 1958. In the 1950s, the regional political party
3595:
3477:
3431:
3386:
3366:
3316:
3269:
3254:
3170:
2508:
2485:
2405:
2390:
2295:
801:
598:
545:
election. Madheshi parties gained 50 of 575 seats in the Constituent Assembly.
221:
1275:
927:
272:
and Pahari people living in the Terai do not consider themselves as Madheshi.
3615:
3441:
3406:
3274:
2841:
2734:
2729:
2545:
2490:
2475:
1075:"The 'Madhesi' People: Issues and Challenges of Democracy in the Nepal Terai"
1004:
676:
586:
371:
of Indian farmers and labourers was particularly high during the rule of the
348:
332:
304:
292:
261:
245:
202:
115:
2200:
Nepal's Terai: Constructing an Ethnic Conflict. South Asia Briefing Paper #1
967:
950:
3600:
3482:
3416:
3376:
3092:
2578:
2570:
2500:
1674:
Nayak, N. (2011). "The Madhesi Movement in Nepal: Implications for India".
758:
515:
376:
372:
355:
344:
269:
233:
158:
32:
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groups. Latter comprise at least 43 distinct groups. Caste groups include
3411:
2833:
2480:
541:
In 2013, more than 24 Madheshi political parties were registered for the
400:
368:
363:
343:
since the late 18th century and are also referred to Madheshis, when the
265:
213:
1938:. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. pp. 8–15.
1616:. Springer Briefs in Anthropology. Singapore: Springer. pp. 38–41.
1572:
Himalaya, the Journal of the Association for Nepal and Himalayan Studies
1165:
693:
793,418 Bajjika speaking people (2.99%), including 791,737 in the Terai;
3228:
3067:
3044:
2744:
2523:
2436:
2372:
1332:
1305:
1054:
558:
482:
1399:
Bhuju, U. R.; Shakya, P. R.; Basnet, T. B. & Shrestha, S. (2007).
3467:
3110:
3097:
2754:
2724:
1807:"Nepal: Madhesis protest outside British embassy against 1816 treaty"
1400:
1319:
Jain, P. C. (1982). "Indians abroad: a current population estimate".
899:. Asia Report N°136. Kathmandu, Brussels: International Crisis Group.
846:
641:
606:
531:
446:
2131:
362:
farmers migrated to the Nepal Terai following a severe flood of the
3487:
2825:
2470:
2441:
2431:
2413:
1041:
Gellner, D. N. (2007). "Caste, Ethnicity and Inequality in Nepal".
805:
746:
728:
618:
474:
310:
285:
132:
2132:"Mawdudi's Islamic Revivalist Ideology and the Islami Sangh Nepal"
951:"Masters of hybridity: how activists reconstructed Nepali society"
154:
3436:
3401:
3396:
3346:
3284:
3115:
3087:
3082:
3072:
2749:
2446:
2314:
2283:
2237:
International Seminar on Constitutionalism and Diversity in Nepal
1222:(Second ed.). Delhi: Vikas Publishing House. pp. 58–86.
785:
774:
766:
752:
672:
629:
573:
249:
237:
225:
194:
2152:
3457:
3426:
3356:
3259:
2739:
2382:
1239:
Many tongues, one people: the making of Tharu identity in Nepal
1011:. In Gellner, D. N.; Pfaff-Czarnecka, J.; Whelpton, J. (eds.).
842:
834:
830:
610:
519:
399:
was passed that entitled all those immigrants to obtain Nepali
384:
217:
1241:. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press. pp. 20–61.
315:
189:. It has also been used as a political pejorative term by the
141:
3077:
2782:
2345:
909:
838:
826:
797:
784:
marriage, which is recognised by law. The largest and oldest
734:
722:
614:
602:
594:
582:
478:
454:
388:
359:
336:
257:
229:
186:
182:
145:
1430:
205:, regardless of their place of birth or residence. The term
3421:
821:
622:
58:
1009:"Political Identity in Nepal: State, Nation and Community"
886:
3472:
212:
Madheshi people comprise various cultural groups such as
2091:"Nepal's ethnic Madhesis fight for dignity and equality"
1961:"Fragmentarey parts. Competing traditions, new identity"
1451:
1449:
1447:
469:
After the Panchayat regime was abolished following the
2296:"UN: Nepal blockade puts millions of children at risk"
1531:
453:
advocated more autonomy for the Terai, recognition of
1831:
1377:
761:
with 1,379 followers, less than 900 followers of the
128:
1804:
1444:
1388:. Kathmandu: Forum for Women, Law & Development.
2183:. RAP publication 81. Bangkok: FAO. pp. 81–94.
1965:
Islamic Revival in Nepal: Religion and a New Nation
1718:
1614:
The Madhesi Upsurge and the Contested Idea of Nepal
1339:
1630:
1461:
1361:Tarai-Madhes searching for identity based security
1107:
1095:
548:
427:
1292:Dastider, M. (2000). "Muslims of Nepal's Terai".
27:Indo-Aryan Nepalese ethnic group in Terai-Madhesh
3613:
2284:"Madhesh: Positive progress for Madesh in Nepal"
2206:. Oslo: International Peace Research Institute.
2032:Understanding Nepal: Muslims in a plural society
1125:
311:History of Indian immigration to the Nepal Terai
2181:Crop Diversification in the Asia-Pacific Region
2179:. In Papademetriou, M. K.; Dent, F. J. (eds.).
2053:
2051:
1967:. London, New York: Routledge. pp. 25–29.
1925:
1923:
1287:
1285:
1015:. London, New York: Routledge. pp. 39–78.
2288:Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization
2057:
1517:. New York: Berghahn Books. pp. 179–198.
1515:Resistance and the State: Nepalese experiences
1479:
999:
997:
955:Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute
948:
420:foreign women who are married to a Nepali man.
2330:
2171:
2106:"Ethnic Variation of Nepal's Muslim Minority"
2013:Journal of Management and Development Studies
1735:
1733:
1508:
1488:. Oxon, New York: Routledge. pp. 35–57.
1426:
1424:
1422:
1232:
1147:
1145:
1143:
1141:
1036:
1034:
1032:
910:Adhikari, K. P. & Gellner, D. N. (2016).
423:children of a Nepali woman and a foreign man.
351:and agricultural development of this region.
2048:
2029:
2006:
1920:
1651:Creating a "New Nepal": the ethnic dimension
1588:
1357:
1291:
1282:
1183:
1181:
1179:
1177:
1175:
555:Nepalese Constituent Assembly election, 2008
3450:
1855:
1434:National Population and Housing Census 2011
1318:
1226:
1068:
1066:
1064:
994:
2337:
2323:
2159:Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition
2088:
1907:
1739:
1730:
1648:
1419:
1351:
1261:
1154:Proceedings of the Indian History Congress
1138:
1029:
780:Muslim Madheshis practise the traditional
339:, settled and married to native people of
57:
2244:
2234:
2103:
1987:
1873:
1762:
1673:
1565:
1549:
1511:"How representative is the Nepali State?"
1207:
1172:
975:
966:
882:
880:
878:
2129:
1958:
1929:
1888:
1832:"Alliance for Independent Madhesh (AIM)"
1077:. In Gellner, D.; Hachhethu, K. (eds.).
1061:
1003:
700:(2.61%), including 671,851 in the Terai.
572:
538:also demands independence of the Terai.
322:
314:
303:in the Nepal Terai located south of the
2196:
1766:
1712:
1601:
1455:
1262:Ansari, H. (1981). "Muslims in Nepal".
1220:Regionalism and National Unity in Nepal
1040:
988:Nepal and Bhutan : country studies
14:
3614:
1392:
1151:
981:
875:
2318:
2264:
2253:
2136:Studies in Nepali History and Society
2034:. New Delhi: Har-Anand Publications.
1724:
1708:
1636:
1553:
1537:
1467:
1431:Central Bureau of Statistics (2012).
1378:Shrestha, S. & Mulmi, S. (2016).
1345:
1213:
1187:
1113:
1101:
1072:
327:A street in Sauraha, Chitwan District
295:". However, in the context of Nepal,
1484:. In Lawoti, M.; Hangen, S. (eds.).
1482:"Ethnopolitics and ethnodevelopment"
1358:Pathak, B. & Uprety, D. (2009).
534:including bombings and murders. The
414:Nepali citizenship by naturalisation
76:Regions with significant populations
31:For the Native American people, see
2226:: CS1 maint: ignored ISBN errors (
1607:
1367:. Kathmandu: Conflict Study Center.
24:
2344:
1264:Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs
284:is thought to be derived from the
181:living in the central and eastern
25:
3633:
2276:
1440:. Kathmandu: Government of Nepal.
507:Madhesi Jana Adhikar Forum, Nepal
354:Since the late 18th century, the
38:For other uses of "Madhesi", see
2076:10.1111/j.1749-8171.2011.00314.x
1836:Alliance for Independent Madhesh
1653:. Washington: East-West Center.
1197:Contribution to Nepalese Studies
536:Alliance for Independent Madhesh
153:
140:
127:
81:Predominantly southeastern Nepal
2190:
2174:"Crop diversification in Nepal"
2165:
2146:
2123:
2097:
2082:
2023:
2000:
1981:
1952:
1901:
1882:
1849:
1824:
1798:
1772:
1756:
1702:
1667:
1642:
1591:"Who is the Madhesi subaltern?"
1582:
1559:
1543:
1502:
1473:
1371:
1312:
1255:
1119:
549:Indian influence in Nepal Terai
511:United Democratic Madhesi Front
428:Demographics of the Nepal Terai
942:
903:
632:pilgrimage are the shrines of
503:Janatantrik Terai Mukti Morcha
466:the Terai were not addressed.
319:An agricultural field in Terai
13:
1:
1858:"The 2013 Elections in Nepal"
1805:Press Trust of India (2016).
1321:Economic and Political Weekly
1294:Economic and Political Weekly
1043:Economic and Political Weekly
893:Nepal's Troubled Terai Region
869:
655:at an age of 14 to 16 years.
543:Constituent Assembly of Nepal
177:) is a term used for several
2788:Inner Terai Valleys of Nepal
2638:Back to the Village campaign
2609:Nepal–Britain Treaty of 1923
1990:Tribhuvan University Journal
1875:10.1080/03068374.2014.909627
1688:10.1080/09700161.2011.576099
707:
658:
416:, which can be acquired by:
275:
7:
3166:South Asian Free Trade Area
1784:South Asia Terrorism Portal
864:Great Bengal famine of 1770
852:
439:
10:
3638:
3280:Nepal Academy of Fine Arts
1780:"Nepal Timeline Year 2004"
1216:"Migration into the Tarai"
1134:. Poona: Prasad Prakashan.
888:International Crisis Group
811:
568:
487:political parties in Nepal
412:contains provisions for a
410:Constitution of Nepal 2015
29:
3566:
3500:
3337:
3220:
3211:
3141:
3132:
3053:
3020:
2908:
2899:
2858:
2811:
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2715:
2711:
2702:
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2569:
2499:
2459:
2422:
2404:
2381:
2365:
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1276:10.1080/02666958108715821
1235:"The Tharu and the Tarai"
1126:Apte, V. S. (1957–1959).
928:10.1017/S0026749X15000438
719:with 11,308,620 followers
638:Ghazi Saiyyad Salar Masud
174:
126:
121:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
56:
2130:Sijapati, M. A. (2012).
1959:Sijapati, M. A. (2011).
1932:"Peoples and migrations"
1910:"The endless transition"
1891:"The India-Nepal Crisis"
1513:. In Gellner, D. (ed.).
725:with 1,105,533 followers
40:Madhesi (disambiguation)
2938:Chief of the Army Staff
2396:Maya (mother of Buddha)
2058:Sijapati, M.A. (2011).
1480:Bhattachan, K. (2013).
968:10.1111/1467-9655.13025
949:Gellner, D. N. (2019).
577:A temple in Simraungadh
3622:Ethnic groups in Nepal
3265:International rankings
2172:Sharma, K. C. (2001).
1509:Krämer, K.-H. (2007).
1233:Guneratne, A. (2002).
982:Savada, A. M. (1991).
743:with 137,723 followers
737:with 190,458 followers
731:with 472,469 followers
663:Madheshi people speak
578:
494:Nepal Sadbhawana Party
328:
320:
191:Pahari people of Nepal
179:ethnic groups in Nepal
2950:Provincial assemblies
2647:Multi-party democracy
2030:Dastider, M. (2007).
2007:Gupta, A. K. (2019).
1930:Whelpton, J. (2005).
1589:Dixit, K. M. (2017).
1214:Gaige, F. H. (1975).
1188:Dahal, D. R. (1983).
1073:Dahal, D. R. (2008).
984:"Caste and Ethnicity"
859:Demographics of Nepal
749:with 63,747 followers
576:
397:Nepal Citizenship Act
331:Indian migrants from
326:
318:
3045:Rural Municipalities
3000:Council of Ministers
2918:Constituent Assembly
2593:Treaty of Thapathali
2514:Prithvi Narayan Shah
2197:Miklian, J. (2009).
1856:Gellner, D. (2014).
916:Modern Asian Studies
755:with 2,169 followers
698:Urdu-speaking people
451:Nepal Terai Congress
347:of Nepal encouraged
252:speaking people and
2089:Khalid, S. (2016).
1908:Mahato, R. (2016).
1740:Pandey, K. (2017).
1649:Hangen, S. (2007).
634:Ajmer Sharif Dargah
563:2015 Nepal blockade
53:
3518:Capital punishment
3184:Telecommunications
2800:Siliguri Corridor
2680:2015 earthquake -
2265:Kabir, H. (2012).
2254:Kabir, H. (2013).
2104:Thapa, S. (2000).
1936:A History of Nepal
1746:The South Asianist
1676:Strategic Analysis
1610:"Tarai and Madhes"
1568:"On Being Madhesi"
1566:Yadav, R. (2010).
765:and less than 500
579:
499:Nepalese Civil War
329:
321:
51:
3609:
3608:
3562:
3561:
3558:
3557:
3550:Human trafficking
3496:
3495:
3207:
3206:
3128:
3127:
3124:
3123:
2957:Political parties
2928:Foreign relations
2895:
2894:
2891:
2890:
2698:
2697:
2694:
2693:
2599:Lamjang and Kaski
2584:Jung Bahadur Rana
2561:Treaty of Sugauli
2455:
2454:
2213:978-82-7288-309-5
2041:978-81-241-1271-7
1945:978-0-521-80470-7
1889:Ojha, H. (2015).
1623:978-981-10-2926-4
1552:, pp. 9–10;
1540:, pp. 13–14.
1412:978-92-9115-033-5
1049:(20): 1823–1828.
649:primary education
471:People's Movement
459:national language
293:Vindhya mountains
254:indigenous people
164:
163:
16:(Redirected from
3629:
3589:
3582:
3575:
3448:
3447:
3335:
3334:
3218:
3217:
3174:
3139:
3138:
3101:
3018:
3017:
2993:
2906:
2905:
2845:
2837:
2829:
2803:
2802:(Chicken's Neck)
2778:Kathmandu Valley
2713:
2712:
2709:
2708:
2664:2005 coup d'état
2633:Panchayat system
2556:Balbhadra Kunwar
2529:Kingdom of Nepal
2497:
2496:
2379:
2378:
2363:
2362:
2339:
2332:
2325:
2316:
2315:
2311:
2309:
2307:
2291:
2272:
2261:
2250:
2248:
2231:
2225:
2217:
2205:
2185:
2184:
2178:
2169:
2163:
2162:
2150:
2144:
2143:
2127:
2121:
2120:
2110:
2101:
2095:
2094:
2086:
2080:
2079:
2064:Religion Compass
2055:
2046:
2045:
2027:
2021:
2020:
2004:
1998:
1997:
1985:
1979:
1978:
1956:
1950:
1949:
1927:
1918:
1917:
1905:
1899:
1898:
1886:
1880:
1879:
1877:
1853:
1847:
1846:
1844:
1842:
1828:
1822:
1821:
1819:
1817:
1802:
1796:
1795:
1793:
1791:
1776:
1770:
1760:
1754:
1753:
1737:
1728:
1722:
1716:
1706:
1700:
1699:
1671:
1665:
1664:
1646:
1640:
1634:
1628:
1627:
1608:Jha, K. (2017).
1605:
1599:
1598:
1586:
1580:
1579:
1563:
1557:
1547:
1541:
1535:
1529:
1528:
1506:
1500:
1499:
1477:
1471:
1465:
1459:
1453:
1442:
1441:
1439:
1428:
1417:
1416:
1396:
1390:
1389:
1387:
1375:
1369:
1368:
1366:
1355:
1349:
1343:
1337:
1336:
1316:
1310:
1309:
1289:
1280:
1279:
1259:
1253:
1252:
1230:
1224:
1223:
1211:
1205:
1204:
1194:
1185:
1170:
1169:
1149:
1136:
1135:
1123:
1117:
1111:
1105:
1099:
1093:
1092:
1070:
1059:
1058:
1038:
1027:
1026:
1001:
992:
991:
979:
973:
972:
970:
946:
940:
939:
922:(6): 2009–2040.
907:
901:
900:
898:
884:
818:Chitwan district
301:Madhesh Province
176:
157:
144:
131:
66:Total population
61:
54:
50:
43:
36:
21:
3637:
3636:
3632:
3631:
3630:
3628:
3627:
3626:
3612:
3611:
3610:
3605:
3592:
3585:
3578:
3571:
3554:
3492:
3446:
3392:Maghe Sankranti
3333:
3297:Public holidays
3260:Gurkhas/Gorkhas
3203:
3172:
3120:
3099:
3049:
3016:
2991:
2887:
2878:Protected areas
2854:
2843:
2835:
2827:
2807:
2801:
2795:Tibetan Plateau
2773:Cities of Nepal
2761:
2690:
2674:Jana Andolan II
2642:
2628:1951 revolution
2613:
2565:
2551:Anglo-Nepal War
2501:Early Shah rule
2495:
2463:
2461:
2451:
2424:Lichchhavi rule
2418:
2400:
2383:Shakya Republic
2377:
2352:
2343:
2305:
2303:
2294:
2282:
2279:
2246:10.1.1.694.9316
2219:
2218:
2214:
2203:
2193:
2188:
2176:
2170:
2166:
2151:
2147:
2128:
2124:
2113:ISIM Newsletter
2108:
2102:
2098:
2087:
2083:
2070:(11): 656–665.
2056:
2049:
2042:
2028:
2024:
2005:
2001:
1986:
1982:
1975:
1957:
1953:
1946:
1928:
1921:
1906:
1902:
1887:
1883:
1854:
1850:
1840:
1838:
1830:
1829:
1825:
1815:
1813:
1803:
1799:
1789:
1787:
1778:
1777:
1773:
1761:
1757:
1738:
1731:
1723:
1719:
1707:
1703:
1672:
1668:
1661:
1647:
1643:
1635:
1631:
1624:
1606:
1602:
1587:
1583:
1564:
1560:
1548:
1544:
1536:
1532:
1525:
1507:
1503:
1496:
1478:
1474:
1466:
1462:
1454:
1445:
1437:
1429:
1420:
1413:
1397:
1393:
1385:
1376:
1372:
1364:
1356:
1352:
1344:
1340:
1317:
1313:
1300:(10): 766–769.
1290:
1283:
1260:
1256:
1249:
1231:
1227:
1212:
1208:
1192:
1186:
1173:
1150:
1139:
1124:
1120:
1112:
1108:
1100:
1096:
1089:
1071:
1062:
1039:
1030:
1023:
1002:
995:
980:
976:
947:
943:
908:
904:
896:
885:
876:
872:
855:
814:
710:
661:
571:
551:
442:
430:
313:
278:
199:Nepali language
167:Madheshi people
52:Madheshi people
49:
44:
37:
30:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3635:
3625:
3624:
3607:
3606:
3604:
3603:
3598:
3591:
3590:
3583:
3576:
3568:
3567:
3564:
3563:
3560:
3559:
3556:
3555:
3553:
3552:
3547:
3546:
3545:
3540:
3535:
3525:
3520:
3515:
3510:
3504:
3502:
3498:
3497:
3494:
3493:
3491:
3490:
3485:
3480:
3475:
3470:
3465:
3460:
3454:
3452:
3445:
3444:
3439:
3434:
3432:Chasok Tangnam
3429:
3424:
3419:
3414:
3409:
3404:
3399:
3394:
3389:
3387:Buddha Jayanti
3384:
3379:
3374:
3369:
3367:Dipankha Yatra
3364:
3359:
3354:
3349:
3343:
3341:
3332:
3331:
3326:
3325:
3324:
3319:
3314:
3309:
3299:
3294:
3293:
3292:
3282:
3277:
3272:
3267:
3262:
3257:
3252:
3247:
3242:
3237:
3232:
3221:
3215:
3209:
3208:
3205:
3204:
3202:
3201:
3196:
3191:
3186:
3181:
3176:
3168:
3163:
3158:
3153:
3148:
3142:
3136:
3130:
3129:
3126:
3125:
3122:
3121:
3119:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3095:
3090:
3085:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3059:
3057:
3051:
3050:
3048:
3047:
3042:
3040:Municipalities
3037:
3032:
3026:
3024:
3015:
3014:
3013:
3012:
3002:
2997:
2996:
2995:
2986:Prime Minister
2983:
2982:
2981:
2979:Vice President
2971:
2969:Heads of state
2966:
2965:
2964:
2954:
2953:
2952:
2942:
2941:
2940:
2930:
2925:
2920:
2915:
2909:
2903:
2897:
2896:
2893:
2892:
2889:
2888:
2886:
2885:
2880:
2875:
2870:
2868:Climate change
2864:
2862:
2856:
2855:
2853:
2852:
2847:
2839:
2831:
2823:
2817:
2815:
2809:
2808:
2806:
2805:
2797:
2792:
2791:
2790:
2780:
2775:
2769:
2767:
2763:
2762:
2760:
2759:
2758:
2757:
2752:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2732:
2721:
2719:
2706:
2700:
2699:
2696:
2695:
2692:
2691:
2689:
2688:
2678:
2677:
2676:
2666:
2661:
2659:Royal massacre
2656:
2654:Jana Andolan I
2650:
2648:
2644:
2643:
2641:
2640:
2635:
2630:
2624:
2622:
2618:Post-Rana and
2615:
2614:
2612:
2611:
2606:
2601:
2596:
2586:
2581:
2575:
2573:
2567:
2566:
2564:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2543:
2541:Sino-Nepal War
2538:
2537:
2536:
2526:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2509:Gorkha Kingdom
2505:
2503:
2494:
2493:
2488:
2486:Chaubisi Rajya
2483:
2478:
2473:
2467:
2465:
2457:
2456:
2453:
2452:
2450:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2428:
2426:
2420:
2419:
2417:
2416:
2410:
2408:
2406:Kirata kingdom
2402:
2401:
2399:
2398:
2393:
2391:Gautama Buddha
2387:
2385:
2376:
2375:
2369:
2367:
2360:
2354:
2353:
2342:
2341:
2334:
2327:
2319:
2313:
2312:
2292:
2278:
2277:External links
2275:
2274:
2273:
2262:
2251:
2232:
2212:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2186:
2164:
2145:
2122:
2096:
2081:
2047:
2040:
2022:
1999:
1980:
1973:
1951:
1944:
1919:
1900:
1881:
1868:(2): 243–261.
1848:
1823:
1811:Indian Express
1797:
1771:
1763:Hachhethu 2007
1755:
1729:
1717:
1711:, p. 12;
1701:
1682:(4): 640–660.
1666:
1659:
1641:
1629:
1622:
1600:
1581:
1558:
1550:Hachhethu 2007
1542:
1530:
1523:
1501:
1494:
1472:
1460:
1443:
1418:
1411:
1391:
1370:
1350:
1338:
1327:(8): 299–304.
1311:
1281:
1270:(3): 138–158.
1254:
1247:
1225:
1206:
1171:
1137:
1118:
1106:
1094:
1087:
1060:
1028:
1021:
993:
974:
961:(2): 265–284.
941:
902:
873:
871:
868:
867:
866:
861:
854:
851:
825:Terai include
813:
810:
788:is located in
771:
770:
756:
750:
744:
738:
732:
726:
720:
709:
706:
702:
701:
694:
691:
688:
660:
657:
570:
567:
550:
547:
441:
438:
429:
426:
425:
424:
421:
312:
309:
299:refers to the
277:
274:
162:
161:
124:
123:
119:
118:
88:
87:
83:
82:
78:
77:
73:
72:
68:
67:
63:
62:
47:
26:
18:Madhesi people
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3634:
3623:
3620:
3619:
3617:
3602:
3599:
3597:
3594:
3593:
3588:
3584:
3581:
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3565:
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3526:
3524:
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3516:
3514:
3511:
3509:
3506:
3505:
3503:
3499:
3489:
3486:
3484:
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3479:
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3459:
3456:
3455:
3453:
3449:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3420:
3418:
3415:
3413:
3410:
3408:
3407:Gyalpo Lhosar
3405:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3375:
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3365:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
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3350:
3348:
3345:
3344:
3342:
3340:
3336:
3330:
3327:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3304:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3295:
3291:
3290:Ethnic groups
3288:
3287:
3286:
3283:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3275:Nepal Academy
3273:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3230:
3226:
3223:
3222:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3210:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3143:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3131:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3060:
3058:
3056:
3052:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3027:
3025:
3023:
3019:
3011:
3010:Chief Justice
3008:
3007:
3006:
3005:Supreme Court
3003:
3001:
2998:
2994:
2989:
2988:
2987:
2984:
2980:
2977:
2976:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2963:
2960:
2959:
2958:
2955:
2951:
2948:
2947:
2946:
2943:
2939:
2936:
2935:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2910:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2898:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2873:Deforestation
2871:
2869:
2866:
2865:
2863:
2861:
2857:
2851:
2848:
2846:
2840:
2838:
2832:
2830:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2818:
2816:
2814:
2810:
2804:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2789:
2786:
2785:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2770:
2768:
2764:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2748:
2746:
2743:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2730:Mount Everest
2728:
2727:
2726:
2723:
2722:
2720:
2718:
2714:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2701:
2687:
2683:
2679:
2675:
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2671:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2651:
2649:
2645:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2625:
2623:
2621:
2616:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2594:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2576:
2574:
2572:
2568:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2546:Bhimsen Thapa
2544:
2542:
2539:
2535:
2532:
2531:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2506:
2504:
2502:
2498:
2492:
2491:Newa kingdoms
2489:
2487:
2484:
2482:
2479:
2477:
2476:Khasa kingdom
2474:
2472:
2469:
2468:
2466:
2458:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2435:
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2407:
2403:
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2301:
2297:
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2280:
2270:
2269:
2263:
2259:
2258:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2238:
2233:
2229:
2223:
2215:
2209:
2202:
2201:
2195:
2194:
2182:
2175:
2168:
2161:(6): 251–255.
2160:
2156:
2149:
2141:
2137:
2133:
2126:
2118:
2114:
2107:
2100:
2092:
2085:
2077:
2073:
2069:
2065:
2061:
2054:
2052:
2043:
2037:
2033:
2026:
2018:
2014:
2010:
2003:
1995:
1991:
1984:
1976:
1974:9781136701344
1970:
1966:
1962:
1955:
1947:
1941:
1937:
1933:
1926:
1924:
1915:
1911:
1904:
1896:
1892:
1885:
1876:
1871:
1867:
1863:
1862:Asian Affairs
1859:
1852:
1837:
1833:
1827:
1812:
1808:
1801:
1785:
1781:
1775:
1768:
1765:, p. 5;
1764:
1759:
1752:(1): 304–322.
1751:
1747:
1743:
1736:
1734:
1727:, p. 20.
1726:
1721:
1714:
1710:
1705:
1697:
1693:
1689:
1685:
1681:
1677:
1670:
1662:
1660:9781932728620
1656:
1652:
1645:
1638:
1633:
1625:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1604:
1596:
1592:
1585:
1577:
1573:
1569:
1562:
1555:
1551:
1546:
1539:
1534:
1526:
1524:9788187358084
1520:
1516:
1512:
1505:
1497:
1495:9780415780971
1491:
1487:
1483:
1476:
1469:
1464:
1457:
1452:
1450:
1448:
1436:
1435:
1427:
1425:
1423:
1414:
1408:
1404:
1403:
1395:
1384:
1383:
1374:
1363:
1362:
1354:
1348:, p. 14.
1347:
1342:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1315:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1288:
1286:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1258:
1250:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1229:
1221:
1217:
1210:
1202:
1198:
1191:
1184:
1182:
1180:
1178:
1176:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1148:
1146:
1144:
1142:
1133:
1129:
1128:"मध्य madhya"
1122:
1116:, p. 11.
1115:
1110:
1104:, p. 10.
1103:
1098:
1090:
1088:9788132100164
1084:
1080:
1076:
1069:
1067:
1065:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1037:
1035:
1033:
1024:
1022:9789057020896
1018:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1000:
998:
989:
985:
978:
969:
964:
960:
956:
952:
945:
937:
933:
929:
925:
921:
917:
913:
906:
895:
894:
889:
883:
881:
879:
874:
865:
862:
860:
857:
856:
850:
848:
844:
840:
836:
832:
828:
823:
819:
809:
807:
803:
799:
795:
791:
787:
783:
778:
776:
768:
764:
760:
757:
754:
751:
748:
745:
742:
739:
736:
733:
730:
727:
724:
721:
718:
715:
714:
713:
705:
699:
695:
692:
689:
686:
685:
684:
682:
678:
674:
670:
666:
656:
654:
650:
645:
643:
639:
635:
631:
626:
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620:
616:
612:
608:
604:
600:
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588:
584:
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560:
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527:
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419:
418:
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411:
406:
402:
398:
393:
390:
386:
382:
378:
374:
370:
365:
361:
357:
352:
350:
349:deforestation
346:
342:
338:
334:
333:Uttar Pradesh
325:
317:
308:
306:
305:Siwalik Hills
302:
298:
294:
290:
287:
283:
273:
271:
267:
263:
262:Uttar Pradesh
259:
255:
251:
247:
243:
239:
235:
234:ethnic groups
231:
227:
223:
219:
215:
210:
208:
204:
203:mother tongue
200:
196:
192:
188:
184:
180:
172:
168:
160:
156:
151:
147:
143:
138:
134:
130:
125:
120:
117:
113:
109:
105:
101:
97:
93:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
60:
55:
46:
41:
34:
19:
3587:Bibliography
3528:Human rights
3451:Celebrations
3417:Sonam Lhosar
3377:Yomari Punhi
3322:Christianity
3235:Demographics
3156:Child labour
2913:Constitution
2735:Kanchenjunga
2579:Kot massacre
2304:. Retrieved
2299:
2287:
2267:
2256:
2236:
2199:
2191:Bibliography
2180:
2167:
2158:
2148:
2139:
2135:
2125:
2116:
2112:
2099:
2093:. Aljazeera.
2084:
2067:
2063:
2031:
2025:
2016:
2012:
2002:
1993:
1989:
1983:
1964:
1954:
1935:
1916:. Kathmandu.
1914:Nepali Times
1913:
1903:
1895:The Diplomat
1894:
1884:
1865:
1861:
1851:
1839:. Retrieved
1835:
1826:
1814:. Retrieved
1810:
1800:
1788:. Retrieved
1783:
1774:
1769:, p. 15
1767:Miklian 2009
1758:
1749:
1745:
1720:
1713:Miklian 2009
1704:
1679:
1675:
1669:
1650:
1644:
1639:, p. 8.
1632:
1613:
1603:
1597:. Kathmandu.
1595:Nepali Times
1594:
1584:
1575:
1571:
1561:
1556:, p. 19
1545:
1533:
1514:
1504:
1485:
1475:
1470:, p. 7.
1463:
1458:, p. 3.
1456:Miklian 2009
1433:
1401:
1394:
1380:
1373:
1360:
1353:
1341:
1324:
1320:
1314:
1297:
1293:
1267:
1263:
1257:
1238:
1228:
1219:
1209:
1200:
1196:
1157:
1153:
1131:
1121:
1109:
1097:
1078:
1046:
1042:
1012:
1005:Whelpton, J.
987:
977:
958:
954:
944:
919:
915:
905:
892:
815:
790:Krishnanagar
779:
772:
763:Baháʼí Faith
741:Christianity
711:
703:
662:
646:
627:
580:
552:
540:
528:
524:
491:
468:
443:
435:
431:
394:
373:Rana dynasty
353:
330:
296:
288:
281:
279:
270:Tharu people
211:
206:
193:to refer to
166:
165:
149:
136:
111:
103:
95:
48:Ethnic group
45:
33:Madesi tribe
3513:Witch-hunts
3468:Bratabandha
3412:Tamu Lhosar
3146:Agriculture
2860:Environment
2589:Tibetan War
2519:Unification
2481:Baise Rajya
2306:25 December
2142:(1): 41–61.
1715:, p. 5
1578:(1): 65–68.
1160:: 802–833.
401:citizenship
395:In 1952, a
369:Immigration
364:Koshi River
356:Shah rulers
345:Shah rulers
289:madhya desh
266:West Bengal
214:Hindu caste
197:with a non-
3250:Literature
3173:(currency)
3098:Kathmandu
3068:Biratnagar
2945:Parliament
2850:West Rapti
2828:(Ghaghara)
2745:Dhaulagiri
2524:Kalu Pande
2437:Amshuverma
2373:Bhadrabahu
1725:Kabir 2012
1709:Kabir 2012
1637:Kabir 2012
1554:Kabir 2013
1538:Kabir 2013
1468:Kabir 2012
1346:Kabir 2012
1248:0801487285
1203:(1): 1–20.
1114:Kabir 2013
1102:Kabir 2013
870:References
559:hydropower
553:After the
483:Nepal Army
381:Rajbanshis
185:region of
71:13,318,705
3339:Festivals
3245:Languages
3240:Education
3199:Workforce
3194:Transport
3179:Squatting
3161:Companies
3111:Nepalgunj
3100:(capital)
3063:Bharatpur
3035:Provinces
3030:Districts
3022:Divisions
2974:President
2962:Communism
2923:Elections
2844:(Gandaki)
2842:Narayani
2755:Annapurna
2725:Himalayas
2717:Mountains
2704:Geography
2669:Civil war
2620:Panchayat
2604:Tribhuvan
2571:Rana rule
2241:CiteSeerX
2222:cite book
1696:154365607
936:146986746
847:jackfruit
796:teaching
708:Religions
659:Languages
642:Rajasthan
607:Kshatriya
532:terrorism
463:Panchayat
447:Kathmandu
280:The word
276:Etymology
201:as their
159:Christian
86:Languages
3616:Category
3596:Category
3533:Intersex
3508:Abortion
3488:Antyesti
3483:Shraddha
3382:Gadhimai
3312:Buddhism
3307:Hinduism
3302:Religion
3106:Lalitpur
3093:Janakpur
2933:Military
2901:Politics
2883:Wildlife
2826:Karnali
2534:Monarchs
2471:Arimalla
2460:Medieval
2442:Bhrikuti
2432:Manadeva
2414:Yalamber
2350:articles
2300:BBC News
2019:: 61–68.
1996:: 78–87.
1841:17 April
1816:17 April
1790:17 April
1166:44148000
1007:(1997).
890:(2007).
853:See also
806:endogamy
794:Mawlawis
747:Prakriti
729:Buddhism
717:Hinduism
696:691,546
669:Bhojpuri
665:Maithili
619:Kushwaha
522:people.
475:literacy
440:Politics
286:Sanskrit
242:Bhojpuri
238:Maithils
232:people,
222:Marwaris
216:groups,
207:Madheshi
133:Hinduism
122:Religion
100:Bhojpuri
92:Maithili
3573:Outline
3437:Chhechu
3402:Ubhauli
3397:Udhauli
3347:Dashain
3225:Cuisine
3213:Culture
3189:Tourism
3134:Economy
3116:Pokhara
3088:Itahari
3083:Hetauda
3073:Birgunj
2750:Manaslu
2447:Araniko
2366:Ancient
2358:History
2290:. 2019.
1333:4370703
1306:4408986
1055:4419601
812:Cuisine
786:madrasa
775:animism
753:Jainism
673:Bajjika
653:married
630:ziyarat
599:Kalawar
591:Brahman
569:Culture
385:Dhimals
341:Madhesh
297:Madhesh
282:madhesh
250:Bajjika
226:Brahmin
218:Muslims
195:Nepalis
108:Bajjika
3601:Portal
3523:Health
3501:Issues
3458:Nwaran
3427:Chhath
3362:Swonti
3357:Mohani
3285:People
3171:Rupee
3151:Energy
3055:Cities
2836:(Kosi)
2834:Koshi
2813:Rivers
2740:Makalu
2464:modern
2348:
2302:. 2015
2243:
2210:
2038:
1971:
1942:
1786:. 2004
1694:
1657:
1620:
1521:
1492:
1409:
1331:
1304:
1245:
1164:
1085:
1053:
1019:
934:
843:banana
835:papaya
831:lychee
802:Hadith
681:Awadhi
611:Kumhar
520:Muslim
479:Dalits
405:Nepali
377:Tharus
360:Bihari
246:Awadhi
171:Nepali
150:·
148:
137:·
135:
112:·
110:
104:·
102:
96:·
94:
3580:Index
3543:Women
3478:Bahra
3463:Pasni
3442:Jatra
3352:Tihar
3329:Sport
3317:Islam
3270:Media
3255:Music
3078:Damak
2783:Terai
2766:Areas
2682:April
2346:Nepal
2204:(PDF)
2177:(PDF)
2119:: 18.
2109:(PDF)
1692:S2CID
1438:(PDF)
1386:(PDF)
1365:(PDF)
1329:JSTOR
1302:JSTOR
1193:(PDF)
1162:JSTOR
1051:JSTOR
932:S2CID
897:(PDF)
839:guava
827:mango
798:Quran
782:nikah
767:Sikhs
735:Kirat
723:Islam
615:Kurmi
603:Kewat
595:Dhobi
587:Bania
583:caste
516:Tharu
457:as a
455:Hindi
389:Awadh
337:Bihar
258:Bihar
236:like
230:Dalit
187:Nepal
183:Terai
175:मधेशी
152:
146:Islam
139:
114:
106:
98:
3538:LGBT
3422:Holi
3229:wine
2992:list
2821:Arun
2308:2015
2228:link
2208:ISBN
2036:ISBN
1994:XVII
1969:ISBN
1940:ISBN
1843:2017
1818:2017
1792:2017
1655:ISBN
1618:ISBN
1519:ISBN
1490:ISBN
1407:ISBN
1243:ISBN
1083:ISBN
1017:ISBN
845:and
822:Rice
800:and
679:and
677:Urdu
636:and
623:Teli
621:and
518:and
505:and
492:The
485:and
383:and
335:and
264:and
248:and
228:and
116:Urdu
3473:Ihi
3372:Eid
2686:May
2462:and
2072:doi
1870:doi
1684:doi
1382:190
1272:doi
963:doi
924:doi
759:Bon
640:in
3618::
2684:-
2298:.
2286:.
2224:}}
2220:{{
2157:.
2140:17
2138:.
2134:.
2115:.
2111:.
2066:.
2062:.
2050:^
2017:29
2015:.
2011:.
1992:.
1963:.
1934:.
1922:^
1912:.
1893:.
1866:45
1864:.
1860:.
1834:.
1809:.
1782:.
1748:.
1744:.
1732:^
1690:.
1680:35
1678:.
1612:.
1593:.
1576:29
1574:.
1570:.
1446:^
1421:^
1325:17
1323:.
1298:35
1296:.
1284:^
1266:.
1237:.
1218:.
1201:11
1199:.
1195:.
1174:^
1158:67
1156:.
1140:^
1130:.
1063:^
1047:42
1045:.
1031:^
996:^
986:.
959:25
957:.
953:.
930:.
920:50
918:.
914:.
877:^
849:.
841:,
837:,
833:,
829:,
808:.
792:.
777:.
675:,
671:,
667:,
625:.
617:,
613:,
609:,
605:,
601:,
597:,
593:,
589:,
379:,
307:.
268:.
260:,
244:,
240:,
224:,
220:,
173::
3231:)
3227:(
2595:)
2591:(
2338:e
2331:t
2324:v
2310:.
2249:.
2230:)
2216:.
2117:6
2078:.
2074::
2068:5
2044:.
1977:.
1948:.
1897:.
1878:.
1872::
1845:.
1820:.
1794:.
1750:5
1698:.
1686::
1663:.
1626:.
1527:.
1498:.
1415:.
1335:.
1308:.
1278:.
1274::
1268:2
1251:.
1168:.
1091:.
1057:.
1025:.
971:.
965::
938:.
926::
769:.
169:(
42:.
35:.
20:)
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