3397:
3911:
3569:
4353:
4606:
230:
4600:
3511:
3499:
1138:(Friday sermon) in Khwarazm, thus acknowledging his suzerainty. Unable to gain military assistance or appease Mahmud through other means, Ma'mun II was forced to accept his demands, much to the dislike of the Khwarazmian nobles and military officers.
1153:
as slaves. Abu'l-Harith
Muhammad was deposed and imprisoned, while Khwarazm was incorporated into the Ghaznavid realm, thus marking the end of the Ma'munid dynasty, the last ethnically Iranian line of Khwarazmshahs.
3264:
3396:
1066:. Surrounded on all sides by steppe land and desert, it was geographically isolated from other areas of civilization. This isolation allowed it to maintain a separate distinctive
1145:
in March 1017. Ma'mun II was the brother-in-law of Mahmud, which afforded the latter a pretext to invade
Khwarazm. The Ghaznavid army defeated the local Khwarazmian forces at
209:
184:
1005:
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1141:
This eventually resulted in a patriotic revolt, led by the commander-in-chief
Alptigin, which led to the murder of Ma'mun II and accession of his nephew
3568:
1825:
998:
4395:
3391:
2983:
1873:
363:
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Under the Ma'munids, their capital of
Gurganj became a centre of learning, attracting many prominent figures, such as the philosophers
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2007:
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1794:
1676:
4388:
3198:
2468:
1848:
1657:
Bosworth, Clifford Edmund (1968). "The
Political and Dynastic History of the Iranian World (A.D. 1000–1217)". In
692:
1132:
enemies by extending his rule into
Khwarazm. In 1014, Mahmud demanded that Ma'mun II should add his name in the
4679:
4333:
3233:
3178:
2428:
1811:
443:
3339:
2722:
2184:
463:
1062:
of Kath. Khwarazm, or the classical
Chorasmia, was the well irrigated and rich agricultural region of lower
4643:
3183:
4674:
4381:
1149:, brutalized the population of Gurganj, and captured many Khwarazmians, who were taken to the capital of
3962:
3723:
2448:
1668:
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3801:
3735:
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1978:
1693:
632:
623:
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2704:
2418:
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1998:
1988:
1953:
1548:
1308:
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106:
91:
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4342:
3822:
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2898:
2742:
2624:
2033:
1983:
1834:
272:
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4179:
3780:
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3714:
3649:
3634:
3208:
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1993:
1928:
473:
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4373:
4068:
4059:
3753:
3729:
3584:
3043:
3018:
2928:
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2393:
1038:. Their reign was short-lived (995–1017), and they were in turn replaced by the expansionist
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4352:
4065:
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47:
8:
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2013:
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1918:
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2018:
1923:
1898:
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3003:
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2820:
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2234:
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1948:
1933:
1888:
1724:
1697:
942:
932:
922:
782:
742:
722:
525:
336:
285:
16:
Historical dynasty of
Iranian rulers in the region of Khwarazm (AD 995-1017)
4485:
4295:
4283:
4251:
4227:
4211:
4208:
4196:
4193:
4190:
4160:
4010:
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3732:
3655:
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3081:
3048:
3028:
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2840:
2795:
2772:
2689:
2584:
2501:
2491:
2383:
2118:
2113:
2103:
2003:
1968:
1893:
1448:
1175:
1101:
952:
892:
832:
555:
505:
240:
72:
1803:
4307:
4304:
4256:
4186:
4129:
4025:
4016:
3971:
3956:
3947:
3941:
3816:
3783:
3741:
3711:
3708:
3675:
3643:
3527:
3173:
3106:
3058:
3023:
2998:
2963:
2958:
2953:
2943:
2938:
2893:
2873:
2865:
2694:
2679:
2629:
2619:
2574:
2531:
2307:
2302:
2267:
2068:
2023:
1963:
1090:
662:
565:
123:
57:
1096:. The Ma'munids also embellished their capital with buildings such as a
229:
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4532:
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4301:
4223:
4166:
4148:
4034:
4031:
4013:
4004:
3995:
3992:
3950:
3938:
3932:
3917:
3884:
3872:
3848:
3827:
3786:
3777:
3774:
3768:
3750:
3720:
3640:
3551:
3458:
3053:
2878:
2810:
2805:
2732:
2714:
2674:
2659:
2639:
2604:
2589:
2551:
2541:
2526:
2516:
2483:
2370:
2297:
2073:
1973:
1903:
1129:
1111:) its founder. However, the Ma'munids soon fell into conflict with the
1039:
972:
902:
812:
762:
516:
202:
2257:
1664:
The
Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 5: The Saljuq and Mongol Periods
4511:
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4097:
4043:
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3959:
3953:
3944:
3929:
3923:
3813:
3756:
3738:
3539:
3437:
2973:
2923:
2855:
2790:
2737:
2727:
2699:
2634:
2579:
2569:
2506:
2496:
2342:
2219:
2179:
2108:
1958:
1112:
1100:
which still survives till this day, and has an inscription crediting
1059:
862:
822:
545:
423:
189:
146:
4605:
4215:
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4145:
4135:
4117:
4007:
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3926:
3920:
3881:
3878:
3845:
3795:
3678:
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3530:
3446:
3443:
3323:
3308:
3033:
3013:
2614:
2438:
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2058:
1555:
1457:
1437:
1317:
1146:
1074:
1055:
1035:
354:
345:
3510:
3498:
1787:
The New
Islamic Dynasties: A Chronological and Genealogical Manual
4138:
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4001:
3986:
3980:
3974:
3851:
3669:
3474:
3463:
3434:
3313:
2913:
2908:
2850:
2785:
2669:
2654:
2521:
2398:
2388:
2337:
1943:
1097:
383:
323:
314:
37:
1770:. London and New York: Routledge & Kegan Paul. p. 915.
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4262:
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3935:
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3440:
3318:
2815:
2747:
2378:
2312:
2224:
1938:
1150:
1134:
1115:
595:
403:
4403:
1604:
1602:
1600:
4202:
4037:
4019:
2644:
2536:
2463:
2413:
2262:
1908:
413:
327:
1768:
Encyclopædia Iranica, Volume III: Ātaš–Bayhaqī, Ẓahīr-al-Dīn
3890:
3614:
3480:
3469:
3452:
3068:
2830:
1878:
1597:
1063:
295:
1636:
1634:
1058:
had been ruled until 995 by the old established line of
1631:
1621:
1619:
1617:
1614:
3279:
1687:
4661:
4644:
4389:
3265:
1819:
999:
1789:. New York City: Columbia University Press.
3572:Seleukos I Nikator Tetradrachm from Babylon
1833:
4651:
4637:
4396:
4382:
3272:
3258:
1826:
1812:
1711:The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition
1006:
992:
3137:Murals from the Christian temple at Qocho
1744:
1731:
1608:
1784:
1757:
1685:
1656:
1640:
1625:
4350:
3392:Bactria–Margiana Archaeological Complex
2984:Bactria–Margiana Archaeological Complex
1874:Bactria–Margiana Archaeological Complex
4662:
4288:
4241:
4176:
4116:Kungas Brahmi Buddhatala Varhran (II)
3408:
3370:
3336:
3239:Siberian Collection of Peter the Great
1751:Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. I, Fasc. 7
1738:Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. I, Fasc. 7
4377:
4339:
4316:
4274:
4157:
4126:
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1216:
1213:
1211:
1209:
1207:
1205:
1203:
1201:
1199:
1197:
1195:
4593:
4286:Ishbara Yabgu Wu-shih-po Pantu Nili
3194:Kandahar Bilingual Rock Inscription
1745:Bosworth, Clifford Edmund (1984b).
1732:Bosworth, Clifford Edmund (1984a).
1027:
13:
3909:
3567:
3509:
3340:Chronology of the Neolithic period
3189:Pul-i-Darunteh Aramaic inscription
2190:Silk Road transmission of Buddhism
1785:Bosworth, Clifford Edmund (1996).
1758:Bosworth, Clifford Edmund (1989).
1686:Bosworth, Clifford Edmund (1978).
228:
14:
4691:
3914:Coin of Ardashir I, Hamadan mint.
2600:Desert castles of ancient Khorezm
1157:
1030:) were an independent dynasty of
4604:
4598:
4351:
3497:
3395:
1128:), who sought to pressurize his
207:
182:
4357:Rulers of the Ancient Near-East
3199:Kandahar Greek Edicts of Ashoka
2469:Mausoleum of Khoja Ahmed Yasawi
1184:, son of Abu al-Hasan Ali, 1017
1123:
1106:
4334:Muslim conquest of Transoxiana
3234:Boar hunter (Hermitage Museum)
3179:Aramaic Inscription of Laghman
1188:
1:
2185:Silk Road transmission of art
1590:
1172:, son of Ma'mun I, 997–1008/9
277:
4623:. You can help Knowledge by
4413:Persian and Caspian kingdoms
3184:Kandahar Aramaic inscription
7:
10:
4696:
4592:
4144:Lakhana Udayaditya Aduman
3401:
3350:(Eastern migration of the
3349:
1669:Cambridge University Press
1650:
1178:, son of Ma'mun I, 1008–09
1045:
600:8th/9th century – 1238 / 9
444:Ancient kingdom of Armenia
286:Proto-Elamite civilization
4546:
4525:
4504:
4463:
4412:
4330:
4320:Muslim conquest of Persia
4271:
4238:
4173:
4154:
4123:
4091:
3897:
3857:
3836:
3833:
3826:
3631:
3560:
3505:
3425:
3372:
3346:
3334:
3322:
3317:
3288:
3099:
3067:
2864:
2771:
2713:
2685:Siypantosh Rock Paintings
2550:
2482:
2369:
2351:
2248:
2210:
2203:
2167:
1841:
1500:
1498:
1406:
1404:
1402:
1376:
1372:
1366:
1260:
1258:
161:
157:
143:
133:
129:
119:
115:
100:
85:
81:
71:
63:
53:
43:
33:
28:
21:
3132:Mogao Christian painting
2705:Zarautsoy Rock Paintings
2419:Petroglyphs of Arpa-Uzen
2409:Merke Turkic Sanctuaries
364:Bactria–Margiana Complex
4407:dynasties (800–1100 AD)
4343:Second Turkic Khaganate
3229:Saksanokhur gold buckle
3117:Hephthalite silver bowl
2994:Chakhil-i-Ghoundi Stupa
2034:Second Turkic Khaganate
1835:History of Central Asia
1719:. Leiden: E. J. Brill.
4619:-related article is a
4180:First Turkic Khaganate
3915:
3635:Greco-Bactrian Kingdom
3573:
3514:
3324:Trans-Jaxartes steppes
3209:Stamp seal (BM 119999)
2969:Alexandria Prophthasia
1994:First Turkic Khaganate
1929:Greco-Bactrian Kingdom
1070:language and culture.
893:Qara Qoyunlu Turcomans
474:Greco-Bactrian Kingdom
233:
4680:Iranian history stubs
3913:
3571:
3513:
3019:Gawhar Shad Mausoleum
2394:Karsakpay inscription
1849:Mal'ta–Buret' culture
1549:Abu'l-Harith Muhammad
1182:Abu'l-Harith Muhammad
1164:Ma'mun I ibn Muhammad
1143:Abu'l-Harith Muhammad
378:c. 1500 BCE – 500 BCE
232:
149:conquest of Khwarezm
107:Abu'l-Harith Muhammad
92:Ma'mun I ibn Muhammad
44:Common languages
4569:Nizari Ismaili state
4505:Khwarezmian kingdoms
3282:Ancient Central Asia
2826:Kutlug Timur Minaret
2361:Noin-Ula burial site
2159:Chinese Central Asia
1689:"K̲h̲wārazm-S̲h̲āhs"
1081:, the mathematician
903:Aq Qoyunlu Turcomans
693:Zaydis of Tabaristan
4564:Kara-Khanid Khanate
4023:Shapur-i Shahrvaraz
3219:Siberian Ice Maiden
3009:Dokhtar-i-Noshirwan
2424:Petrovka settlement
2154:Soviet Central Asia
2079:Great Seljuq Empire
1753:. pp. 762–764.
1740:. pp. 743–745.
1611:, pp. 762–764.
793:Khwarazmian dynasty
566:Kabul Shahi kingdom
468:c. 302 BCE – 580 CE
394:Neo-Assyrian Empire
273:Kura–Araxes culture
135:• Established
4675:995 establishments
4405:Iranian Intermezzo
4266:Tong Yabghu Qaghan
3916:
3574:
3563:Hellenistic Period
3515:
3374:Afanasievo culture
3169:Buddhas of Bamiyan
3122:Chilek silver bowl
2989:Buddhas of Bamiyan
2665:Obi-Rakhmat Grotto
2454:Talapty Settlement
2240:Filippovka kurgans
2129:Khanate of Bukhara
2089:Khwarazmian Empire
2014:Ikhshids of Sogdia
1859:Afanasievo culture
1671:. pp. 1–202.
1659:Boyle, John Andrew
1079:Abu Sahl al-Masihi
873:Jalairid Sultanate
853:Muzaffarid dynasty
633:Rashidun Caliphate
606:Kingdom of Georgia
556:Hephthalite Empire
234:
4632:
4631:
4587:
4586:
4579:Fatimid Caliphate
4574:Abbasid Caliphate
4496:Hadhabani (tribe)
4371:
4370:
4366:
4365:
4362:
4361:
4293:Irbis Bolun Cabgu
4054:Kushano-Sasanians
3519:Achaemenid Empire
3410:Andronovo Culture
3247:
3246:
3224:Ai-Khanoum plaque
3095:
3094:
2899:Chakhil-i-Ghoundi
2175:Central Asian art
2149:Russian Turkestan
2144:Chinese Turkestan
2044:Abbasid Caliphate
2008:Anxi Protectorate
1954:Kushano-Sasanians
1919:Macedonian Empire
1914:Achaemenid Empire
1884:Andronovo culture
1864:Sintashta culture
1777:978-0-71009-121-5
1588:
1587:
1016:
1015:
981:
980:
653:Abbasid Caliphate
643:Umayyad Caliphate
614:
613:
514:
513:
498:2nd century BCE –
494:Caucasian Albania
434:Achaemenid Empire
384:Kingdom of Mannai
296:Elamite dynasties
223:
222:
219:
218:
215:
214:
195:
194:
111:
96:
4687:
4653:
4646:
4639:
4610:
4609:
4608:
4602:
4594:
4526:Sogdian kingdoms
4464:Kurdish kingdoms
4450:Sallarid dynasty
4425:Saffarid dynasty
4398:
4391:
4384:
4375:
4374:
4355:
4169:Kun-khi Ghadfar
3999:Bahram VI Chobin
3870:Kujula Kadphises
3501:
3399:
3295:
3294:
3291:
3290:
3274:
3267:
3260:
3251:
3250:
3214:Seal of Khingila
3142:Penjikent murals
2763:Kalai Kafirnigan
2650:Koi Krylgan Kala
2459:Turkistan (city)
2444:Steppe Geoglyphs
2208:
2207:
2139:Khanate of Khiva
2099:Chagatai Khanate
2054:Saffarid dynasty
2039:Uyghur Khaganate
1828:
1821:
1814:
1805:
1804:
1800:
1781:
1764:Yarshater, Ehsan
1754:
1741:
1728:
1691:
1682:
1644:
1638:
1629:
1623:
1612:
1606:
1429:Abu al-Hasan Ali
1193:
1192:
1170:Abu al-Hasan Ali
1127:
1125:
1110:
1109: 1009–1017
1108:
1085:, the physician
1029:
1008:
1001:
994:
863:Chupanid dynasty
803:Sultanate of Rum
763:Ghaznavid Empire
753:Sallarid dynasty
703:Saffarid dynasty
629:
628:
586:Bagratid Armenia
546:Afrighid dynasty
522:
521:
464:Caucasian Iberia
448:331 BCE – 428 CE
424:Scythian Kingdom
388:10th–7th century
279:
258:
257:
225:
224:
211:
210:
199:
198:
186:
185:
179:
178:
163:
162:
109:
94:
23:Ma'munid dynasty
19:
18:
4695:
4694:
4690:
4689:
4688:
4686:
4685:
4684:
4660:
4659:
4658:
4657:
4617:Iranian history
4603:
4597:
4590:
4588:
4583:
4542:
4521:
4500:
4471:Rawadid dynasty
4459:
4445:Kakuyid dynasty
4435:Ziyarid dynasty
4430:Samanid dynasty
4420:Tahirid dynasty
4408:
4402:
4372:
4367:
4345:
4336:
4322:
4282:
4280:
4278:Tokhara Yabghus
4255:
4250:(vassal of the
4249:
4247:
4184:
4182:
4165:
4163:
4134:
4132:
4102:
4100:
4086:
4084:
4058:
4056:
4029:Farrukh Hormizd
3908:
3906:
3904:Sasanian Empire
3868:
3866:
3844:
3842:
3724:Mithridates III
3704:
3702:
3700:Parthian Empire
3688:
3682:
3681:
3674:
3672:
3639:
3637:
3597:Seleucid Empire
3593:
3566:
3564:
3523:
3521:
3496:
3493:Pazyryk Culture
3490:
3484:
3473:
3462:
3456:
3433:
3431:
3394:
3379:Proto-Tocharian
3376:
3362:,as far as the
3360:Eurasian Steppe
3352:Yamnaya culture
3329:Altai Mountains
3299:
3284:
3278:
3248:
3243:
3204:Afrasiab murals
3147:Sampul tapestry
3091:
3087:Shahr-e Sukhteh
3077:Bandian complex
3063:
3039:Musalla Complex
2919:Tapa-i Kafariha
2860:
2781:Cave of Dzhebel
2767:
2709:
2546:
2478:
2474:Araltobe kurgan
2365:
2347:
2273:Kizilgaha caves
2244:
2230:Pazyryk burials
2212:Southern Russia
2199:
2163:
2049:Tahirid dynasty
2019:Tokhara Yabghus
1924:Seleucid Empire
1899:Pazyryk culture
1854:Yamnaya culture
1837:
1832:
1797:
1778:
1706:Bosworth, C. E.
1679:
1653:
1648:
1647:
1643:, p. 1066.
1639:
1632:
1624:
1615:
1607:
1598:
1593:
1559:
1552:
1461:
1454:
1452:
1441:
1434:
1432:
1321:
1314:
1312:
1191:
1160:
1126: 999–1030
1122:
1105:
1083:Abu Nasr Mansur
1048:
1012:
983:
982:
733:Ziyarid dynasty
683:Dulafid dynasty
673:Tahirid dynasty
626:
616:
615:
576:Dabuyid dynasty
536:Sasanian Empire
520:
510:27 BCE – 330 CE
499:
484:Parthian Empire
454:Seleucid Empire
250:
208:
183:
150:
136:
103:
88:
87:• 995-997
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4693:
4683:
4682:
4677:
4672:
4656:
4655:
4648:
4641:
4633:
4630:
4629:
4612:
4585:
4584:
4582:
4581:
4576:
4571:
4566:
4561:
4556:
4550:
4548:
4544:
4543:
4541:
4540:
4535:
4529:
4527:
4523:
4522:
4520:
4519:
4514:
4508:
4506:
4502:
4501:
4499:
4498:
4493:
4488:
4483:
4478:
4473:
4467:
4465:
4461:
4460:
4458:
4457:
4455:Bavand dynasty
4452:
4447:
4442:
4437:
4432:
4427:
4422:
4416:
4414:
4410:
4409:
4401:
4400:
4393:
4386:
4378:
4369:
4368:
4364:
4363:
4360:
4359:
4348:
4347:
4341:
4338:
4332:
4329:
4325:
4324:
4318:
4315:
4311:
4310:
4287:
4276:
4273:
4272:625 CE–651 CE
4269:
4268:
4260:Heshana Khagan
4243:
4240:
4239:560 CE–625 CE
4236:
4235:
4220:Empress Ashina
4206:Ishbara Qaghan
4178:
4175:
4174:560 CE–651 CE
4171:
4170:
4159:
4156:
4155:440 CE–560 CE
4152:
4151:
4128:
4125:
4124:370 CE–540 CE
4121:
4120:
4096:
4093:
4092:320 CE–467 CE
4089:
4088:
4080:
4077:
4052:
4049:
3902:
3899:
3895:
3894:
3887:
3876:Vima Kadphises
3862:
3859:
3855:
3854:
3838:
3835:
3834:141 BCE–30 CE
3831:
3830:
3825:
3802:Parthamaspates
3736:Mithridates IV
3718:Mithridates II
3698:
3695:
3691:
3690:
3684:
3668:
3665:
3658:
3633:
3630:
3626:
3625:
3618:
3611:
3577:Argead dynasty
3562:
3559:
3555:
3554:
3546:Artaxerxes III
3517:
3507:
3503:
3502:
3487:Arzhan culture
3477:
3466:
3449:
3427:
3424:
3420:
3419:
3417:
3413:
3412:
3407:
3406:2000–1900 BCE
3403:
3402:
3400:
3389:
3387:
3386:2400–2000 BCE
3383:
3382:
3371:
3368:
3367:
3348:
3347:3500–2500 BCE
3344:
3343:
3335:
3332:
3331:
3326:
3321:
3316:
3311:
3306:
3301:
3289:
3286:
3285:
3277:
3276:
3269:
3262:
3254:
3245:
3244:
3242:
3241:
3236:
3231:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3196:
3191:
3186:
3181:
3176:
3171:
3166:
3164:Bimaran Casket
3161:
3156:
3153:Sogdian Daēnās
3149:
3144:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3127:Gardez Ganesha
3124:
3119:
3114:
3109:
3103:
3101:
3097:
3096:
3093:
3092:
3090:
3089:
3084:
3079:
3073:
3071:
3065:
3064:
3062:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3046:
3041:
3036:
3031:
3026:
3021:
3016:
3011:
3006:
3001:
2996:
2991:
2986:
2981:
2976:
2971:
2966:
2961:
2956:
2951:
2949:Takht-e Rostam
2946:
2941:
2936:
2931:
2926:
2921:
2916:
2911:
2906:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2886:
2884:Dilberjin Tepe
2881:
2876:
2870:
2868:
2862:
2861:
2859:
2858:
2853:
2848:
2843:
2838:
2833:
2828:
2823:
2818:
2813:
2808:
2803:
2798:
2793:
2788:
2783:
2777:
2775:
2769:
2768:
2766:
2765:
2760:
2758:Takht-i Sangin
2755:
2750:
2745:
2740:
2735:
2730:
2725:
2719:
2717:
2711:
2710:
2708:
2707:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2667:
2662:
2657:
2652:
2647:
2642:
2637:
2632:
2627:
2622:
2617:
2612:
2610:Guldursun-Kala
2607:
2602:
2597:
2595:Dalverzin Tepe
2592:
2587:
2582:
2577:
2572:
2567:
2565:Akchakhan-Kala
2562:
2556:
2554:
2548:
2547:
2545:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2499:
2494:
2488:
2486:
2480:
2479:
2477:
2476:
2471:
2466:
2461:
2456:
2451:
2446:
2441:
2436:
2431:
2426:
2421:
2416:
2411:
2406:
2401:
2396:
2391:
2386:
2381:
2375:
2373:
2367:
2366:
2364:
2363:
2357:
2355:
2349:
2348:
2346:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2325:
2323:Dunhuang Caves
2320:
2318:Bezeklik Caves
2315:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2283:Subashi Temple
2280:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2254:
2252:
2246:
2245:
2243:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2222:
2216:
2214:
2205:
2201:
2200:
2198:
2197:
2192:
2187:
2182:
2177:
2171:
2169:
2165:
2164:
2162:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2134:Durrani Empire
2131:
2126:
2124:Timurid Empire
2121:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1869:Vakhsh culture
1866:
1861:
1856:
1851:
1845:
1843:
1839:
1838:
1831:
1830:
1823:
1816:
1808:
1802:
1801:
1795:
1782:
1776:
1755:
1742:
1729:
1694:van Donzel, E.
1683:
1677:
1652:
1649:
1646:
1645:
1630:
1613:
1609:Bosworth 1984b
1595:
1594:
1592:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1583:
1581:
1579:
1577:
1575:
1573:
1571:
1569:
1567:
1565:
1563:
1561:
1545:
1543:
1541:
1539:
1537:
1535:
1533:
1530:
1528:
1527:
1525:
1523:
1521:
1519:
1517:
1515:
1513:
1511:
1509:
1507:
1505:
1503:
1501:
1499:
1497:
1495:
1493:
1491:
1489:
1487:
1485:
1483:
1480:
1478:
1477:
1475:
1473:
1471:
1469:
1467:
1465:
1463:
1445:
1443:
1425:
1423:
1421:
1419:
1417:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1409:
1407:
1405:
1403:
1401:
1399:
1396:
1395:
1393:
1391:
1389:
1387:
1385:
1383:
1381:
1379:
1377:
1375:
1373:
1371:
1369:
1367:
1365:
1363:
1361:
1359:
1357:
1355:
1353:
1351:
1349:
1347:
1344:
1342:
1341:
1339:
1337:
1335:
1333:
1331:
1329:
1327:
1325:
1323:
1305:
1303:
1301:
1299:
1297:
1295:
1293:
1291:
1289:
1286:
1284:
1283:
1281:
1279:
1277:
1275:
1273:
1271:
1269:
1267:
1265:
1263:
1261:
1259:
1257:
1255:
1253:
1251:
1249:
1247:
1245:
1243:
1241:
1239:
1236:
1234:
1233:
1231:
1229:
1227:
1225:
1223:
1221:
1219:
1217:
1215:
1212:
1210:
1208:
1206:
1204:
1202:
1200:
1198:
1196:
1190:
1187:
1186:
1185:
1179:
1173:
1167:
1159:
1158:Ma'munid shahs
1156:
1087:Ibn al-Khammar
1047:
1044:
1014:
1013:
1011:
1010:
1003:
996:
988:
985:
984:
979:
978:
975:
969:
968:
965:
963:Durrani Empire
959:
958:
955:
949:
948:
945:
939:
938:
935:
929:
928:
925:
919:
918:
915:
913:Safavid Empire
909:
908:
905:
899:
898:
895:
889:
888:
885:
883:Timurid Empire
879:
878:
875:
869:
868:
865:
859:
858:
855:
849:
848:
845:
843:Ottoman Empire
839:
838:
835:
829:
828:
825:
819:
818:
815:
809:
808:
805:
799:
798:
795:
789:
788:
785:
779:
778:
777:pre-879 – 1215
775:
773:Ghurid dynasty
769:
768:
765:
759:
758:
755:
749:
748:
745:
739:
738:
735:
729:
728:
725:
719:
718:
715:
713:Samanid Empire
709:
708:
705:
699:
698:
695:
689:
688:
685:
679:
678:
675:
669:
668:
665:
659:
658:
655:
649:
648:
645:
639:
638:
635:
627:
622:
621:
618:
617:
612:
611:
608:
602:
601:
598:
592:
591:
588:
582:
581:
578:
572:
571:
568:
562:
561:
558:
552:
551:
548:
542:
541:
538:
532:
531:
528:
512:
511:
508:
502:
501:
500:8th century CE
496:
490:
489:
488:248 BCE–224 CE
486:
480:
479:
476:
470:
469:
466:
460:
459:
456:
450:
449:
446:
440:
439:
436:
430:
429:
426:
420:
419:
416:
410:
409:
406:
400:
399:
396:
390:
389:
386:
380:
379:
376:
374:Avestan period
370:
369:
366:
360:
359:
357:
351:
350:
348:
342:
341:
339:
333:
332:
330:
320:
319:
317:
311:
310:
308:
306:Jiroft culture
302:
301:
298:
292:
291:
288:
282:
281:
280:3400 – c. 2000
275:
269:
268:
266:
251:
248:
247:
244:
243:
236:
235:
221:
220:
217:
216:
213:
212:
205:
196:
193:
192:
187:
175:
174:
169:
159:
158:
155:
154:
151:
144:
141:
140:
137:
134:
131:
130:
127:
126:
121:
120:Historical era
117:
116:
113:
112:
104:
101:
98:
97:
89:
86:
83:
82:
79:
78:
75:
69:
68:
65:
61:
60:
55:
51:
50:
45:
41:
40:
35:
31:
30:
26:
25:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4692:
4681:
4678:
4676:
4673:
4671:
4668:
4667:
4665:
4654:
4649:
4647:
4642:
4640:
4635:
4634:
4628:
4626:
4622:
4618:
4613:
4607:
4601:
4596:
4595:
4591:
4580:
4577:
4575:
4572:
4570:
4567:
4565:
4562:
4560:
4559:Seljuk Empire
4557:
4555:
4552:
4551:
4549:
4545:
4539:
4538:Sajid dynasty
4536:
4534:
4531:
4530:
4528:
4524:
4518:
4515:
4513:
4510:
4509:
4507:
4503:
4497:
4494:
4492:
4489:
4487:
4484:
4482:
4479:
4477:
4474:
4472:
4469:
4468:
4466:
4462:
4456:
4453:
4451:
4448:
4446:
4443:
4441:
4440:Buyid dynasty
4438:
4436:
4433:
4431:
4428:
4426:
4423:
4421:
4418:
4417:
4415:
4411:
4406:
4399:
4394:
4392:
4387:
4385:
4380:
4379:
4376:
4358:
4354:
4349:
4346:
4344:
4337:
4335:
4327:
4326:
4323:
4321:
4313:
4312:
4309:
4306:
4303:
4300:
4299:Ishbara Tolis
4297:
4294:
4291:
4285:
4281:
4279:
4270:
4267:
4264:
4261:
4258:
4253:
4248:
4246:
4245:Western Turks
4237:
4233:
4229:
4225:
4221:
4217:
4213:
4210:
4207:
4204:
4201:
4200:Taspar Qaghan
4198:
4195:
4192:
4188:
4183:
4181:
4172:
4168:
4164:
4162:
4153:
4150:
4147:
4143:
4140:
4137:
4133:
4131:
4122:
4119:
4115:
4112:
4109:
4106:
4101:
4099:
4090:
4085:
4083:
4076:
4073:
4070:
4067:
4064:
4061:
4057:
4055:
4048:
4045:
4042:
4041:Yazdegerd III
4039:
4036:
4033:
4030:
4027:
4024:
4021:
4018:
4015:
4012:
4009:
4006:
4003:
4000:
3997:
3994:
3991:
3988:
3985:
3982:
3979:
3976:
3973:
3970:
3967:
3964:
3961:
3958:
3955:
3952:
3949:
3946:
3943:
3940:
3937:
3934:
3931:
3928:
3925:
3922:
3919:
3912:
3907:
3905:
3896:
3893:
3892:
3886:
3883:
3880:
3877:
3874:
3871:
3867:
3865:
3864:Kushan Empire
3856:
3853:
3850:
3847:
3843:
3841:
3832:
3829:
3824:
3821:
3818:
3815:
3812:
3809:
3808:Mithridates V
3806:
3805:Sinatruces II
3803:
3800:
3799:Vologases III
3797:
3794:
3793:Artabanus III
3791:
3788:
3785:
3782:
3779:
3776:
3773:
3770:
3767:
3764:
3763:Tiridates III
3761:
3758:
3755:
3752:
3749:
3746:
3743:
3740:
3737:
3734:
3731:
3728:
3725:
3722:
3719:
3716:
3713:
3710:
3707:
3706:Mithridates I
3703:
3701:
3693:
3692:
3689:
3687:
3686:Hunnic tribes
3680:
3677:
3673:
3671:
3664:
3663:
3657:
3654:
3653:Euthydemus II
3651:
3648:
3645:
3642:
3638:
3636:
3628:
3627:
3624:
3623:
3617:
3616:
3610:
3609:
3606:
3603:
3599:
3598:
3592:
3589:
3586:
3583:
3579:
3578:
3570:
3565:
3557:
3556:
3553:
3550:
3549:Artaxerxes IV
3547:
3544:
3543:Artaxerxes II
3541:
3538:
3535:
3532:
3529:
3526:
3522:
3520:
3512:
3504:
3500:
3494:
3488:
3483:
3482:
3476:
3472:
3471:
3465:
3461:
3460:
3455:
3454:
3448:
3445:
3442:
3439:
3436:
3432:
3430:
3429:Median Empire
3422:
3421:
3416:2000–900 BCE
3415:
3414:
3411:
3405:
3404:
3398:
3393:
3385:
3384:
3380:
3375:
3369:
3365:
3361:
3357:
3356:Pontic steppe
3353:
3345:
3342:
3341:
3338:Preceded by:
3333:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3297:
3296:
3293:
3292:
3287:
3283:
3275:
3270:
3268:
3263:
3261:
3256:
3255:
3252:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3159:Oxus Treasure
3157:
3155:
3154:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3112:Orlat plaques
3110:
3108:
3105:
3104:
3102:
3098:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3074:
3072:
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3066:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
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3047:
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3037:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3004:Dasht-e Nawar
3002:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2972:
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2869:
2867:
2863:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2836:Monjukli Depe
2834:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2821:Konye-Urgench
2819:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2789:
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2784:
2782:
2779:
2778:
2776:
2774:
2770:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2753:Takht-i Kuwad
2751:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2741:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2721:
2720:
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2576:
2573:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2557:
2555:
2553:
2549:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2512:Koshoy Korgon
2510:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2490:
2489:
2487:
2485:
2481:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2455:
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2437:
2435:
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2430:
2427:
2425:
2422:
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2417:
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2410:
2407:
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2402:
2400:
2397:
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2368:
2362:
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2350:
2344:
2341:
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2336:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2278:Kumtura Caves
2276:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2259:
2256:
2255:
2253:
2251:
2250:Western China
2247:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2235:Salbyk kurgan
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2225:Arzhan kurgan
2223:
2221:
2218:
2217:
2215:
2213:
2209:
2206:
2202:
2196:
2195:Serindian art
2193:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2172:
2170:
2166:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2094:Mongol Empire
2092:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2084:Ghurid Empire
2082:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2009:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1999:Western Turks
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1949:Kushan Empire
1947:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1934:Guiyi Circuit
1932:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1909:Median Empire
1907:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1889:Tagar culture
1887:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1862:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1852:
1850:
1847:
1846:
1844:
1840:
1836:
1829:
1824:
1822:
1817:
1815:
1810:
1809:
1806:
1798:
1796:0-231-10714-5
1792:
1788:
1783:
1779:
1773:
1769:
1765:
1761:
1756:
1752:
1748:
1747:"Āl-e Maʾmūn"
1743:
1739:
1735:
1730:
1726:
1722:
1718:
1714:
1712:
1707:
1703:
1699:
1695:
1690:
1684:
1680:
1678:0-521-06936-X
1674:
1670:
1667:. Cambridge:
1666:
1665:
1660:
1655:
1654:
1642:
1641:Bosworth 1978
1637:
1635:
1627:
1626:Bosworth 1996
1622:
1620:
1618:
1610:
1605:
1603:
1601:
1596:
1585:
1558:
1557:
1551:
1550:
1531:
1529:
1481:
1479:
1460:
1459:
1451:
1450:
1440:
1439:
1431:
1430:
1411:
1408:
1400:
1398:
1397:
1374:
1370:
1368:
1364:
1362:
1345:
1343:
1320:
1319:
1311:
1310:
1287:
1285:
1237:
1235:
1194:
1183:
1180:
1177:
1174:
1171:
1168:
1165:
1162:
1161:
1155:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1139:
1137:
1136:
1131:
1120:
1117:
1114:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1071:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1043:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1025:
1021:
1009:
1004:
1002:
997:
995:
990:
989:
987:
986:
976:
974:
971:
970:
966:
964:
961:
960:
956:
954:
951:
950:
946:
944:
943:Afsharid Iran
941:
940:
936:
934:
933:Hotak dynasty
931:
930:
926:
924:
923:Mughal Empire
921:
920:
916:
914:
911:
910:
906:
904:
901:
900:
896:
894:
891:
890:
886:
884:
881:
880:
876:
874:
871:
870:
866:
864:
861:
860:
856:
854:
851:
850:
846:
844:
841:
840:
836:
834:
831:
830:
826:
824:
821:
820:
816:
814:
811:
810:
806:
804:
801:
800:
796:
794:
791:
790:
786:
784:
783:Seljuk Empire
781:
780:
776:
774:
771:
770:
766:
764:
761:
760:
756:
754:
751:
750:
746:
744:
743:Buyid dynasty
741:
740:
736:
734:
731:
730:
726:
724:
723:Sajid dynasty
721:
720:
716:
714:
711:
710:
706:
704:
701:
700:
696:
694:
691:
690:
686:
684:
681:
680:
676:
674:
671:
670:
666:
664:
661:
660:
656:
654:
651:
650:
646:
644:
641:
640:
636:
634:
631:
630:
625:
620:
619:
609:
607:
604:
603:
599:
597:
594:
593:
589:
587:
584:
583:
579:
577:
574:
573:
569:
567:
564:
563:
559:
557:
554:
553:
549:
547:
544:
543:
539:
537:
534:
533:
529:
527:
526:Kushan Empire
524:
523:
519:
518:
509:
507:
504:
503:
497:
495:
492:
491:
487:
485:
482:
481:
477:
475:
472:
471:
467:
465:
462:
461:
457:
455:
452:
451:
447:
445:
442:
441:
437:
435:
432:
431:
427:
425:
422:
421:
417:
415:
414:Median Empire
412:
411:
407:
405:
402:
401:
397:
395:
392:
391:
387:
385:
382:
381:
377:
375:
372:
371:
367:
365:
362:
361:
358:
356:
353:
352:
349:
347:
344:
343:
340:
338:
335:
334:
331:
329:
325:
322:
321:
318:
316:
313:
312:
309:
307:
304:
303:
299:
297:
294:
293:
289:
287:
284:
283:
276:
274:
271:
270:
267:
265:
264:
260:
259:
256:
255:
246:
245:
242:
238:
237:
231:
227:
226:
206:
204:
201:
200:
197:
191:
188:
181:
180:
177:
176:
173:
170:
168:
165:
164:
160:
156:
152:
148:
142:
138:
132:
128:
125:
122:
118:
114:
108:
105:
99:
93:
90:
84:
80:
76:
74:
70:
66:
62:
59:
56:
52:
49:
46:
42:
39:
36:
32:
27:
20:
4625:expanding it
4614:
4611:
4589:
4516:
4486:Hasanwayhids
4340:
4331:
4328:673–751 CE
4317:
4314:651–673 CE
4296:Duolu Qaghan
4284:Tardush Shad
4275:
4252:Tang dynasty
4242:
4228:Yangsu Tegin
4212:Tulan Qaghan
4209:Bagha Qaghan
4203:Ashina Anluo
4197:Muqan Qaghan
4194:Issik Qaghan
4191:Bumin Qaghan
4177:
4161:Hephthalites
4158:
4127:
4095:
4079:
4051:
4011:Ardashir III
3969:Yazdegerd II
3901:
3889:
3861:
3837:
3823:Artabanus IV
3820:Vologases VI
3811:Vologases IV
3790:Vologases II
3766:Artabanus II
3760:Artabanus II
3745:Tiridates II
3733:Phraates III
3697:
3694:160–141 BCE
3683:
3667:
3660:
3656:Antimachus I
3647:Euthydemus I
3632:
3629:256–160 BCE
3620:
3613:
3608:Antiochus II
3595:
3594:
3588:Alexander II
3575:
3561:
3558:331–256 BCE
3537:Artaxerxes I
3516:
3506:539–331 BCE
3479:
3468:
3457:
3451:
3426:
3423:626–539 BCE
3358:through the
3337:
3298:Territories/
3151:
3082:Mount Khajeh
3049:Qala-i-Jangi
3029:Khair Khaneh
2934:Khair Khaneh
2841:Namazga-Tepe
2796:Anau culture
2773:Turkmenistan
2690:Tavka Kurgan
2585:Balalyk Tepe
2502:Burana Tower
2492:Aigyr-Zhal 2
2384:Issyk kurgan
2119:Kart dynasty
2114:Sufi dynasty
2104:Golden Horde
2063:
2029:Oghuz Yabgus
2004:Tang dynasty
1969:Hephthalites
1894:Uyuk culture
1786:
1767:
1750:
1737:
1734:"Āl-e Afrīḡ"
1716:
1709:
1663:
1553:
1547:
1455:
1447:
1435:
1427:
1315:
1307:
1140:
1133:
1094:al-Tha'alibi
1072:
1050:The ancient
1049:
1019:
1017:
953:Zand dynasty
833:Kart dynasty
515:
506:Roman Empire
261:
252:
241:Greater Iran
172:Succeeded by
171:
166:
102:• 1017
73:Khwarazmshah
4308:Ashina Helu
4305:Irbis Seguy
4290:Külüg Sibir
4257:Niri Qaghan
4187:Ashina Tuwu
4130:Alchon Huns
4026:Azarmidokht
4017:Khosrow III
3972:Hormizd III
3957:Yazdegerd I
3948:Ardashir II
3942:Adur Narseh
3898:224–350 CE
3858:30 –224 CE
3817:Vologases V
3784:Vardanes II
3781:Vologases I
3772:Gotarzes II
3742:Phraates IV
3712:Hyspaosines
3676:Modu Chanyu
3650:Demetrius I
3644:Diodotus II
3605:Antiochus I
3582:Alexander I
3174:Kabul hoard
3107:Sokh snakes
3059:Surkh Kotal
3024:Haji Piyada
2999:Darra-e Kur
2964:Yemshi Tepe
2959:Tillya Tepe
2954:Tepe Fullol
2944:Tepe Narenj
2939:Tapa Sardar
2929:Fondukistan
2894:Tapa Shotor
2874:Tepe Fullol
2866:Afghanistan
2695:Toprak-Kala
2680:Shahrukhiya
2630:Kampir Tepe
2620:Itchan Kala
2575:Ancient Pap
2532:Shakh Fazil
2404:Krasnyi Yar
2308:Mogao Caves
2268:Kizil Caves
2204:Archaeology
2069:Farighunids
2024:Turk Shahis
1964:Alchon Huns
1702:Pellat, Ch.
1462:R.1009-1017
1189:Family tree
1091:philologist
1054:kingdom of
663:Shirvanshah
590:880s – 1045
249:Pre-Islamic
239:History of
167:Preceded by
124:Middle Ages
58:Sunni Islam
48:Khwarezmian
4664:Categories
4554:Ghaznavids
4533:Banu Ilyas
4481:Shaddadids
4302:Yukuk Shad
4224:Apa Qaghan
4167:Akhshunwar
4149:Mihirakula
4087:Wanunkhur
4069:Hormizd II
4060:Ardashir I
4035:Khosrow IV
4032:Hormizd VI
4014:Shahrbaraz
4005:Khosrow II
3996:Khosrow II
3993:Hormizd IV
3951:Shapur III
3939:Hormizd II
3933:Bahram III
3918:Ardashir I
3885:Vasudeva I
3879:Kanishka I
3873:Vima Takto
3849:Sapadbizes
3828:Eucratides
3787:Pacorus II
3778:Vonones II
3775:Meherdates
3769:Vardanes I
3754:Orodes III
3751:Phraates V
3730:Sinatruces
3641:Diodotus I
3602:Seleucus I
3552:Darius III
3459:Massagetae
3280:Rulers of
3054:Rag-i-Bibi
2879:Ai-Khanoum
2811:Gonur Depe
2806:Dev-Kesken
2743:Kafir-kala
2733:Ajina tepe
2715:Tajikistan
2675:Sarmishsay
2660:Kyzyl-Kala
2640:Khalchayan
2625:Kafir-kala
2605:Fayaz Tepe
2590:Burchmulla
2552:Uzbekistan
2542:Tash Rabat
2517:Manas Ordo
2484:Kyrgyzstan
2371:Kazakhstan
2074:Ghaznavids
1979:Ustrushana
1974:Tocharians
1904:Massagetae
1760:"Altuntaš"
1715:Volume IV:
1591:References
1442:R.997-1009
1130:Qarakhanid
1089:, and the
1040:Ghaznavids
1034:rulers in
973:Qajar Iran
813:Salghurids
727:889/90–929
263:Prehistory
203:Ghaznavids
64:Government
4670:Ma'munids
4517:Ma'munids
4512:Afrighids
4476:Marwanids
4114:Grumbates
4098:Kidarites
4066:Hormizd I
4044:Peroz III
3990:Khosrow I
3960:Shapur IV
3954:Bahram IV
3945:Shapur II
3930:Bahram II
3924:Hormizd I
3814:Osroes II
3757:Vonones I
3739:Orodes II
3715:Artabanus
3591:Antigonus
3540:Darius II
3438:Phraortes
3354:from the
3100:Artifacts
2974:Aq Kupruk
2924:Mes Aynak
2856:Ulug Depe
2791:Altyndepe
2738:Cyropolis
2728:Penjikent
2700:Varakhsha
2635:Kara Tepe
2580:Ayaz-Kala
2570:Akhsikath
2560:Afrasiyab
2507:Issyk-Kul
2497:Balasagun
2343:Beshbalik
2220:Sintashta
2180:Silk Road
2109:Ilkhanate
2064:Ma'munids
1959:Kidarites
1725:758278456
1698:Lewis, B.
1449:Ma'mun II
1322:R.995-997
1176:Ma'mun II
1166:, 995–997
1113:Ghaznavid
1102:Ma'mun II
1060:Afrighids
1020:Maʾmunids
977:1794–1925
967:1794–1826
957:1750–1794
947:1736–1750
937:1722–1729
927:1526–1857
917:1501–1722
907:1378–1508
897:1407–1468
887:1370–1507
877:1339–1432
867:1337–1357
857:1314–1393
847:1299–1923
837:1231–1389
827:1256–1353
823:Ilkhanate
817:1148–1282
807:1077–1307
797:1077–1231
787:1037–1194
610:1008–1490
368:2200–1700
290:3200–2800
190:Afrighids
147:Ghaznavid
54:Religion
4547:See also
4491:Annazids
4254:657–742)
4146:Toramana
4136:Khingila
4118:Goboziko
4075:Varahran
4072:Peroz II
4008:Kavad II
3966:Bahram V
3927:Bahram I
3921:Shapur I
3882:Huvishka
3846:Arseiles
3796:Osroes I
3727:Orodes I
3721:Gotarzes
3709:Phraates
3679:Laoshang
3531:Darius I
3528:Cambyses
3447:Astyages
3444:Cyaxares
3366:region)
3309:Margiana
3304:Khorasan
3034:Mundigak
3014:Firozkoh
2904:Shotorak
2723:Bunjikat
2615:Hazorasp
2439:Shilikty
2429:Boralday
2353:Mongolia
2288:Dunhuang
2059:Samanids
1989:Farghana
1842:Polities
1717:Iran–Kha
1708:(eds.).
1556:Khwarazm
1554:Shah of
1458:Khwarazm
1456:Shah of
1438:Khwarazm
1436:Shah of
1318:Khwarazm
1316:Shah of
1309:Ma'mun I
1214:Muhammad
1147:Hazarasp
1075:Avicenna
1056:Khwarazm
1036:Khwarazm
1028:مأمونیان
767:975–1187
757:941–1062
747:934–1055
737:928–1043
707:861–1003
667:799–1607
657:750–1258
355:Corduene
300:2800–550
254:BCE / BC
67:Monarchy
29:995–1017
4139:Javukha
4103:Yosada
4063:Peroz I
4047:Narsieh
4002:Vistahm
3987:Kavad I
3981:Kavad I
3975:Peroz I
3963:Khosrow
3852:Heraios
3670:Xiongnu
3475:Skunkha
3464:Tomyris
3435:Deioces
3314:Bactria
2979:Asqalan
2914:Bimaran
2909:Paitava
2851:Togolok
2786:Abiward
2670:Poykent
2655:Koktepe
2522:Navekat
2399:Kerderi
2389:Jankent
2338:Kashgar
2313:Tumshuq
2258:Bulayïq
2168:Culture
1984:Khuttal
1944:Xiongnu
1766:(ed.).
1661:(ed.).
1651:Sources
1453:?-1017
1433:?-1009
1098:minaret
1068:Iranian
1052:Iranian
1046:History
1032:Iranian
1024:Persian
717:819–999
697:864–928
687:840–897
677:821–873
647:661–750
637:637–651
624:Islamic
580:642–760
570:565–879
560:425–557
550:305–995
540:224–651
517:CE / AD
478:250–125
458:330–150
438:550–330
428:652–625
418:728–550
408:860–590
398:911–609
346:Cyrtian
337:Gutians
324:Lullubi
315:Mannaea
145:•
95:(first)
38:Gurganj
34:Capital
4263:Sheguy
4232:Tamgan
4216:Istämi
4142:Mehama
4111:Kidara
4105:Kirada
4082:Kangju
3984:Jamasp
3978:Balash
3936:Narseh
3840:Yuezhi
3662:Yuezhi
3622:Yuezhi
3585:Philip
3534:Xerxes
3441:Madyes
3319:Sogdia
3044:Nagara
2816:Jeitun
2748:Sarazm
2434:Sawran
2379:Begash
2333:Khotan
2328:Loulan
1939:Yuezhi
1793:
1774:
1723:
1704:&
1675:
1560:R.1017
1313:?-997
1151:Ghazni
1135:khutba
1119:Mahmud
1116:Sultan
596:Alania
530:30–275
404:Urartu
110:(last)
77:
4615:This
4108:Peroz
4038:Boran
4020:Boran
3525:Cyrus
3364:Altai
3300:dates
2889:Hadda
2645:Khiva
2537:Suyab
2527:Özgön
2464:Urpek
2449:Sumbe
2414:Otrar
2303:Rawak
2293:Miran
2263:Kucha
1762:. In
1692:. In
328:Zamua
4621:stub
3891:Saka
3748:Musa
3615:Saka
3481:Saka
3470:Saka
3453:Saka
3069:Iran
2846:Nisa
2831:Merv
2801:Anau
2298:Niya
1879:Saka
1791:ISBN
1772:ISBN
1721:OCLC
1673:ISBN
1077:and
1064:Oxus
1018:The
153:1017
4230:) (
4226:) (
4222:) (
4218:) (
139:995
4666::
4234:)
4189:)
3600::
3580::
3381:)
1749:.
1736:.
1713:.
1700:;
1696:;
1633:^
1616:^
1599:^
1124:r.
1107:r.
1042:.
1026::
278:c.
4652:e
4645:t
4638:v
4627:.
4397:e
4390:t
4383:v
4214:(
4185:(
3495:)
3491:(
3489:)
3485:(
3377:(
3273:e
3266:t
3259:v
2010:)
2006:(
1827:e
1820:t
1813:v
1799:.
1780:.
1727:.
1681:.
1628:.
1121:(
1104:(
1022:(
1007:e
1000:t
993:v
326:/
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