2258:) allows port States to assert jurisdiction over such violations of emission regulation (also of future regulations of GHG) when they occur on the high seas. Coastal States can assert jurisdiction over violations occurring within their waters, with certain exceptions pertaining to innocent passage and the right of transit passage. The special obligations for flag States and the broadened jurisdictions for coastal and port States, to enforce MARPOL (including Annex VI) are found within the special provisions of part XII of UNCLOS.
4656:
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1034:
1414:
45:
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4318:
4698:
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4366:
1046:
1529:
95:
4708:
4347:
4339:
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4331:
1466:. The global sulphur limit (outside SECA's) dropped from an allowed 3.5% sulphur in marine fuels to 0.5%. This will significantly improve the air quality in many populated coastal and port areas, which will prevent over 100,000 early deaths each year, and many more cases of asthma in these regions and cities. Over 170 countries have signed on to the changes, including the
1425:) came into force on 31 December 1988. It specifies the distances from land in which materials may be disposed of and subdivides different types of garbage and marine debris. The requirements are much stricter in a number of "special areas" but perhaps the most prominent part of the Annex is the complete ban of
1372:
MARPOL Annex II came into force on 2 October,1983. It details the discharge criteria for the elimination of pollution by noxious liquid substances carried in large quantities. It divides substances into and introduces detailed operational standards and measures. The discharge of pollutants is allowed
1476:
The IMO has worked on ensuring consistent implementation of the 0.5% sulphur limit in its Marine
Environmental Protection Committee (MEPC) and its subcommittee on Pollution Prevention and Response (PPR). This has led to the development on several regulatory and practical measures (FONAR's, Carriage
2232:
Concerns have been raised about the environmental damage moving back to the roads by some of the larger ferry operators that ship substantial amounts of freight and passenger traffic via these routes affected by IMO standards. They claim that MARPOL will drive up ferry costs for the consumer and
1124:
The original MARPOL was signed on 17 February 1973, but did not come into force at the signing date. The current convention is a combination of 1973 Convention and the 1978 Protocol, which entered into force on 2 October 1983. As of
January 2018, 156 states are parties to the convention, being
1396:
MARPOL Annex III came into force on 1 July 1992. It contains general requirements for the standards on packing, marking, labeling, documentation, stowage, quantity subtraction, division and notifications for preventing pollution by harmful substances. The Annex is in line with the procedures
2173:
represents at least 50% of the world's gross tonnage, a process that can be lengthy. A system of tacit acceptance has therefore been put into place, whereby,if no objections are heard from a member state after a certain period has elapsed, it is assumed they have assented to the treaty.
1505:
MEPC.219(63) came into force on 2 March 2012 to generally prohibit the discharge of any garbage into the ocean, with the exception of food wastes, cargo residues, wash-water, and animal carcasses. There are further provisions describing when and how to dispose of the acceptable wastes.
2927:
2895:
1373:
only to reception facilities with certain concentrations and tions. No matter what, no discharge of residues containing pollutants is permitted within 12 nautical miles (22 kilometres) of the nearest land. Stricter restrictions apply to "special areas".
2229:. This area is set to include all of the Republic of Ireland's international waters in 2020 culminating in all of Western Europe's subjection to the MARPOL directive. This has proven controversial for shipping and ferry operators across Europe.
2934:
2902:
1311:(OILPOL). It specifies tanker design features that are intended to minimize oil discharge into the ocean during ship operations and in case of accidents. It provides regulations with regard to the treatment of engine room bilge water (
2791:
1449:
and shipboard incineration. It also establishes requirements for reception facilities for wastes from exhaust gas cleaning systems, incinerators, fuel oil quality, off-shore platforms and drilling rigs, and the establishment of
2543:
3049:
1132:
All ships flagged under countries that are signatories to MARPOL are subject to its requirements, regardless of where they sail, and member nations are responsible for vessels registered on their national ship registry.
2478:
4555:
3061:
1319:). It also introduces the concept of "special sea areas (PPSE)", which are considered to be at risk to pollution by oil. Discharge of oil within them has been completely outlawed, with a few minimal exceptions.
2197:
One of the difficulties in implementing MARPOL arises from the very international nature of maritime shipping. The country that the ship visits can conduct its own examination to verify a ship's compliance with
2076:
2189:
to implement the convention and effectively pledges to comply with the convention, annexes, and related laws of other nations. In the United States, for example, the relevant implementation legislation is the
2245:
Concerns have also been raised whether the emission regulation in MARPOL Annex VI, such as the 0.5% global sulphur limit, can be enforced on international waters by non-flag States, as some ships sail under a
1306:
MARPOL Annex I came into force on 2 October 1983 and deals with the discharge of oil into the ocean environment. It incorporates the oil discharge criteria prescribed in the 1969 amendments to the 1954
2659:
Sofiev, Mikhail; Winebrake, James J.; Johansson, Lasse; Carr, Edward W.; Prank, Marje; Soares, Joana; Vira, Julius; Kouznetsov, Rostislav; Jalkanen, Jukka-Pekka; Corbett, James J. (6 February 2018).
1308:
2726:
Corbett, James J.; Winebrake, James J.; Carr, Edward W. (12 August 2016). "Health
Impacts Associated with Delay of MARPOL Global Sulphur Standards" (Document). Finnish Meteorological Institute.
2799:
1437:
MARPOL Annex VI came into force on 19 May 2005. It introduces requirements to regulate the air pollution being emitted by ships, including the emission of ozone-depleting substances,
4067:
814:
4292:
993:
2551:
2217:
shipping levels became legally subject to new MARPOL directives because the SECA (Sulphur
Emission Controlled Areas) zone increased in size. This larger SECA zone will include the
4287:
988:
3071:
3046:
2206:. When incidents occur outside such country's jurisdiction or jurisdiction cannot be determined, the country refers cases to flag states, in accordance with MARPOL. A 2000 US
1397:
detailed in the
International Maritime Dangerous Goods (IMDG) Code, which has been expanded to include marine pollutants. The amendments entered into force on 1 January,1991.
3058:
2177:
All six
Annexes have been ratified by the requisite number of nations; the most recent is Annex VI, which took effect in May 2005. The country where a ship is registered (
1470:. This is expected to create massive changes for the shipping and oil industries, with major updates required to ships and the increased production of lower sulfur fuel.
3005:
2356:
2087:
4882:
2629:
2859:
5607:
5087:
4912:
4862:
5567:
2095:
1141:
MARPOL is divided into
Annexes according to various categories of pollutants, each of which deals with the regulation of a particular group of ship emissions.
5367:
4752:
5332:
2573:
2845:
2820:
1118:
5602:
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5377:
2413:
5587:
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2237:
roadways as a financially more cost effective measure compared to increased ferry costs, thereby defeating the object of reducing water pollution.
5612:
5562:
5547:
2255:
2251:
2043:
5617:
4927:
4550:
4545:
4305:
998:
3047:
International
Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, 1973, as modified by the Protocol of 1978 relating thereto (MARPOL 73/78)
5577:
5502:
4535:
1326:
deals with engine room waste. There are various generations of technologies and equipment that have been developed to prevent waste such as
4767:
1968:
1388:
must comply with the requirements of the Code for the
Construction and Equipment of Ships Carrying Dangerous Chemicals in Bulk (BCH Code).
4987:
4519:
4401:
4000:
2436:
1598:
1076:
764:
1405:
Marpol Annex IV came into force on 27 September 2003. It introduces requirements to control pollution of the sea by sewage from ships.
5392:
5357:
4514:
2604:
1716:
5207:
4742:
5472:
5417:
4802:
3059:
Amendments to the Annex of the
Protocol of 1978 relating to the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships
2738:
1473:
Bunker fuels used within an emission control zone (i.e. North Sea) must have a sulphur content level of less than 0.1% (1000ppm).
5597:
5557:
5507:
4962:
4239:
2152:
2126:
5517:
5042:
5007:
4509:
2292:
2081:
5592:
5352:
5317:
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4282:
3013:
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983:
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5267:
3570:
3382:
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257:
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3535:
3428:
3098:
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2272:
2191:
2166:
2116:
2071:
2037:
1918:
1102:
384:
304:
3026:
Jesper Jarl Fanø (2019). Enforcing International Maritime Legislation on Air Pollution through UNCLOS. Hart Publishing.
4300:
4277:
3456:
3116:
1346:
1316:
978:
892:
334:
2967:
5487:
5422:
5407:
5382:
5197:
5052:
5047:
4342:
4089:
3975:
3469:
3464:
3031:
834:
739:
1509:
MEPC.220(63) came into force on 2 March 2012 to encourage the creation of a waste management plan on-board vessels.
5447:
5362:
5272:
5002:
4967:
4937:
4922:
4827:
4777:
4269:
2207:
2121:
1462:
As of 1st January, 2020, new emission standards are enforced for fuel oil used by ships, in a regulation known as
5542:
5397:
5252:
5242:
5212:
5182:
5177:
5142:
5037:
4902:
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124:
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3630:
2312:
2210:
report documented that even when referrals have been made, the response rate from flag states has been poor.
1496:
1327:
1312:
1091:
International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, 1973 as modified by the Protocol of 1978
1014:
464:
38:
International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, 1973 as modified by the Protocol of 1978
2881:
5537:
5527:
5522:
5497:
5477:
5387:
5347:
5282:
5262:
5257:
5247:
5227:
5167:
5127:
5112:
5092:
5022:
5012:
4992:
4972:
4942:
4867:
4852:
4847:
4832:
4817:
4792:
4787:
3801:
3550:
3530:
3282:
2287:
552:
404:
379:
174:
2169:
standards to be binding, they must first be ratified by a total number of member countries whose combined
5492:
5482:
5442:
5312:
5292:
5232:
5222:
5187:
5162:
5157:
5137:
5117:
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5062:
5027:
4952:
4897:
4877:
4872:
4857:
4797:
4711:
4671:
3906:
3560:
2961:"Marine Pollution: Progress Made to Reduce Marine Pollution by Cruise Ships, but Important Issues Remain"
2145:
1495:
Amended Regulation 14 concerns mandatory fuel oil change over procedures for vessels entering or leaving
663:
414:
5467:
5452:
5427:
5372:
5342:
5307:
5202:
5147:
5132:
5122:
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5057:
5032:
4997:
4907:
4588:
4387:
4334:
4234:
4157:
3565:
3395:
3225:
2766:
2032:
1958:
1062:
419:
269:
5462:
5322:
5297:
5287:
5107:
5017:
4947:
4608:
4603:
4448:
4037:
3995:
3957:
3522:
3316:
2322:
2302:
1841:
1446:
1376:
Annex II covers the International Bulk Chemical Code (IBC Code) in conjunction with Chapter 7 of the
1335:
794:
759:
719:
372:
339:
189:
2991:
2526:
1477:
Ban, Ship Implementation Plan etc.) to enable any non-compliance to be detected, for example during
4747:
4737:
4032:
3555:
3496:
3407:
2327:
2277:
2054:
1770:
789:
409:
344:
281:
5552:
4782:
4499:
4244:
4010:
3540:
3091:
2405:
1502:
MARPOL Annex V has been amended multiple times, changing different aspects of the original text.
819:
774:
394:
1557:
4203:
3593:
2282:
2199:
2138:
957:
444:
17:
2449:
4173:
4005:
3881:
3789:
3479:
3372:
3172:
2978:
2513:
2203:
1931:
1785:
1451:
1364:, helping crew members log and keep track of oily wastewater discharges, among other things.
927:
769:
635:
547:
244:
4473:
3980:
3635:
3331:
2672:
2001:
1747:
1550:
469:
202:
4697:
4687:
2504:
Law, Published with the Institute of Maritime; University, Southampton (9 December 2022).
1492:
Amended Regulations 12 concerns control and record keeping of Ozone Depleting Substances.
8:
4047:
3985:
3952:
3891:
3823:
3688:
3683:
3661:
3235:
2247:
1694:
804:
749:
714:
640:
567:
517:
512:
497:
154:
2676:
4583:
4573:
4360:
4321:
4254:
4229:
4224:
4042:
3919:
3713:
3585:
3349:
3220:
3147:
3084:
2703:
2660:
1810:
1679:
1610:
1478:
1038:
799:
675:
437:
219:
159:
129:
76:
2392:"What is MARPOL Convention? IMO Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships"
4249:
4109:
3929:
3838:
3806:
3723:
3676:
3603:
3575:
3344:
3339:
3137:
3027:
2839:
2708:
2690:
2317:
2267:
2100:
2017:
1906:
1851:
1706:
1661:
1615:
1543:
1331:
687:
610:
603:
557:
424:
214:
209:
119:
2505:
2391:
1489:
MARPOL Annex VI amendments according with MEPC 176(58) came into force 1 July 2010.
4660:
4624:
4433:
4193:
4094:
4052:
4020:
3914:
3868:
3828:
3735:
3703:
3671:
3656:
3640:
3615:
3400:
3354:
2698:
2680:
2214:
2061:
1868:
1726:
1711:
1668:
1593:
1577:
1377:
1097:" (short for "marine pollution") is one of the most important international marine
947:
844:
784:
670:
623:
572:
532:
507:
492:
474:
449:
389:
274:
224:
4634:
4565:
4057:
3967:
3933:
3818:
3772:
3698:
3625:
3545:
3448:
3390:
3245:
3065:
3053:
2226:
2182:
2027:
1996:
1941:
1936:
1896:
1689:
1381:
1357:
732:
692:
562:
527:
459:
399:
327:
264:
164:
2479:"MARPOL73-78: Brief history - list of amendments to date and where to find them"
4578:
4370:
4104:
3990:
3947:
3941:
3937:
3782:
3767:
3718:
3708:
3620:
3474:
3230:
3201:
2685:
2661:"Cleaner fuels for ships provide public health benefits with climate tradeoffs"
2307:
2297:
1925:
1901:
1861:
1856:
1775:
1684:
1651:
1361:
1350:
1342:
1323:
1301:
1167:
1050:
854:
754:
709:
702:
697:
454:
149:
2544:"International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL)"
2483:
MARPOL73-78: Brief history - list of amendments to date and where to find them
2457:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain
4726:
4598:
4593:
4458:
4438:
4355:
4124:
4025:
3811:
3740:
3512:
3260:
3124:
2694:
2186:
2170:
2022:
1834:
1800:
1765:
1760:
1656:
1641:
1603:
1572:
1520:
1467:
1426:
1198:
Prevention of pollution by harmful substances carried by sea in packaged form
1114:
1033:
869:
359:
354:
349:
107:
1413:
4655:
4145:
4119:
4099:
3923:
3886:
3850:
3486:
3433:
3309:
3265:
3250:
3179:
2960:
2712:
1751:
1634:
1629:
1442:
902:
864:
849:
680:
645:
590:
309:
169:
44:
1309:
International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution of the Sea by Oil
4443:
4082:
4077:
3762:
3757:
3728:
3693:
3666:
3196:
2739:"The 'biggest change in oil market history' is less than six months away"
2437:"Cruise Ship Pollution: Background, Laws and Regulations, and Key Issues"
2222:
1913:
1790:
1780:
1736:
824:
522:
502:
139:
4701:
1315:) for all large commercial vessels and ballast and tank cleaning waste (
4483:
4463:
4259:
3876:
3191:
3184:
3167:
3152:
3068:, Treaty available in ECOLEX-the gateway to environmental law (English)
2178:
1963:
1674:
1646:
1126:
874:
630:
134:
4428:
4188:
4140:
4114:
4062:
3896:
3858:
3608:
3598:
3270:
3132:
3107:
2792:"Index of MEPC Resolutions and Guidelines related to MARPOL Annex VI"
2218:
1980:
1953:
1948:
1873:
1816:
1795:
1731:
1699:
1106:
942:
897:
859:
809:
744:
650:
114:
84:
4691:
4379:
2181:) is responsible for certifying the ship's compliance with MARPOL's
4468:
3833:
3777:
3438:
3287:
3255:
314:
4453:
3794:
3297:
3275:
3162:
3157:
1880:
1846:
1824:
1805:
1423:
Regulations for the Prevention of Pollution by Garbage from Ships
94:
1528:
4414:
4198:
4178:
4072:
3747:
3240:
2234:
1973:
1721:
952:
932:
839:
829:
537:
4478:
4208:
4150:
3491:
3423:
3321:
3213:
2605:"What is International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code (IMDG)?"
2185:
standards. Each signatory nation is responsible for enacting
1624:
1619:
1110:
962:
907:
299:
3076:
2658:
4410:
4183:
3304:
3292:
3208:
2743:
1829:
1353:
that has greatly helped improve sanitation in these areas.
937:
184:
179:
144:
1438:
1385:
1185:
Control of pollution by noxious liquid substances in bulk
2959:
Office, U. S. Government Accountability (7 March 2000).
2233:
freight forwarding companies pushing them back onto the
1345:
has more to do with cleaning the cargo areas and tanks.
3006:"What is MARPOL and its impact to the freight market?"
2652:
1283:
Based on World Fleet Statistics as of 31 December 2012
2952:
2725:
1349:(ODME) is a very important technology mentioned in
2351:
2349:
2347:
2345:
2343:
2240:
1512:
4724:
2844:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
2202:and can detain the ship if it finds significant
49:MARPOL 73/78 ratifying states (as of April 2008)
5608:Treaties extended to the British Virgin Islands
2252:United Nations Convention on the Law Of the Sea
1172:Prevention of pollution by oil & oily water
2340:
5568:Treaties extended to the Netherlands Antilles
4883:Treaties of the People's Republic of Bulgaria
4395:
3092:
2503:
2146:
1070:
27:International marine environmental convention
5368:Treaties of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
4753:International Maritime Organization treaties
2719:
5088:Treaties of the Hungarian People's Republic
2998:
2826:. Archived from the original on 7 July 2009
1129:of 99.42% of the world's shipping tonnage.
4913:Treaties of the People's Republic of China
4863:Treaties of the People's Republic of Benin
4402:
4388:
3099:
3085:
2506:"The Ratification of Maritime Conventions"
2153:
2139:
1077:
1063:
93:
5603:Treaties extended to the Falkland Islands
2702:
2684:
5333:Treaties of the Polish People's Republic
2736:
2434:
1412:
5588:Treaties extended to the Cayman Islands
4240:Pollutant release and transfer register
2127:London Maritime Arbitrators Association
14:
5613:Treaties extended to British Hong Kong
5563:Treaties extended to the Faroe Islands
5548:Treaties of the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya
4725:
3072:IMO Overview of Emission Control Areas
2958:
2636:. Pollution Prevention. Archived from
2293:Merchant Shipping (Pollution) Act 2006
2082:International Convention on Load Lines
1250:
1237:Prevention of air pollution from ships
5618:Treaties extended to Portuguese Macau
4928:Treaties of the Republic of the Congo
4409:
4383:
3080:
2767:"IMO 2020: The Big Shipping Shake-Up"
2764:
2602:
2435:Copeland, Claudia (6 February 2008).
1452:Sulfur Emission Control Areas (SECAs)
5578:Treaties extended to the Isle of Man
5503:Treaties of the United Arab Emirates
4677:
4330:
3571:Electromagnetic radiation and health
2538:
2536:
2473:
2471:
2469:
2467:
2465:
4768:Treaties entered into force in 1983
4707:
4640:Ballast Water Management Convention
4520:Countries by container port traffic
4346:
4338:
3429:Radium and radon in the environment
2273:International Maritime Organization
2192:Act to Prevent Pollution from Ships
2117:International Maritime Organization
2072:Ballast Water Management Convention
2038:International Convention on Salvage
1919:The captain goes down with the ship
1103:International Maritime Organization
305:Radium and radon in the environment
24:
4988:Treaties of the Dominican Republic
2973:from the original on 6 March 2010.
2428:
2366:, 16 December 2019, archived from
1347:Oil discharge monitoring equipment
1264:
25:
5629:
5393:Treaties of Serbia and Montenegro
5378:Treaties of São Tomé and Príncipe
5358:Treaties of Saint Kitts and Nevis
3040:
2533:
2462:
2416:from the original on 4 March 2016
1447:Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs)
1276:
1159:No. of Contracting Parties/States
1145:List of the MARPOL 73/78 Annexes
5208:Treaties of the Marshall Islands
4743:Environmental impact of shipping
4706:
4696:
4686:
4676:
4667:
4666:
4654:
4364:
4354:
4345:
4337:
4329:
4317:
4316:
1527:
1044:
1032:
43:
5473:Treaties of Trinidad and Tobago
5418:Treaties of the Solomon Islands
4803:Treaties of Antigua and Barbuda
3143:Atmospheric dispersion modeling
3020:
2920:
2888:
2870:
2852:
2813:
2784:
2758:
2730:
2622:
1567:Ordinamenta et consuetudo maris
1226:Pollution by garbage from ships
125:Atmospheric dispersion modeling
5598:Treaties extended to Gibraltar
5558:Treaties extended to Greenland
5508:Treaties of the United Kingdom
4963:Treaties of the Czech Republic
2765:Viens, Ashley (12 June 2019).
2737:Meredith, Sam (15 July 2019).
2596:
2566:
2497:
2445:Congressional Research Service
2398:
2384:
2241:Enforcement of MARPOL Annex VI
1513:Implementation and enforcement
1266:
1215:Pollution by sewage from ships
1105:with an objective to minimize
994:Least polluted cities by PM2.5
13:
1:
5518:Treaties of the United States
5043:Treaties of Georgia (country)
5008:Treaties of Equatorial Guinea
3631:Electrical resistance heating
3106:
2333:
2313:Oily water separator (marine)
2122:Comité Maritime International
2088:International Regulations for
2044:United Nations Convention on
1499:areas and FO sulphur limits.
1484:
1278:
1136:
465:Electrical resistance heating
5593:Treaties extended to Bermuda
5353:Treaties of the Soviet Union
5318:Treaties of Papua New Guinea
4933:Treaties of the Cook Islands
4515:Busiest by cruise passengers
3283:Persistent organic pollutant
2288:Maritime environmental crime
2090:Preventing Collisions at Sea
1391:
1360:is another integral part of
175:Persistent organic pollutant
99:Air pollution from a factory
7:
5583:Treaties extended to Jersey
5328:Treaties of the Philippines
5268:Treaties of the Netherlands
4293:Least polluted cities by PM
2261:
2109:International organizations
1457:
1432:
1400:
1367:
1256:
1143:
10:
5634:
5573:Treaties extended to Aruba
4958:Treaties of Czechoslovakia
4763:Treaties concluded in 1978
4758:Treaties concluded in 1973
4235:Pollution haven hypothesis
4158:Brain health and pollution
3396:Ecological light pollution
3226:Internal combustion engine
2686:10.1038/s41467-017-02774-9
2303:Oil Pollution Act van 1990
2250:. It is believed that the
2033:Maritime Labour Convention
1408:
1299:
1295:
1101:. It was developed by the
4648:
4617:
4609:Terminal Operating System
4604:Port operations simulator
4564:
4528:
4492:
4421:
4314:
4268:
4217:
4166:
4133:
4038:Nonpoint source pollution
3966:
3958:War and environmental law
3905:
3867:
3849:
3649:
3584:
3521:
3447:
3416:
3381:
3365:
3330:
3317:Volatile organic compound
3123:
3114:
2406:"Chronology & Search"
2323:Port Reception Facilities
2010:International conventions
1417:MARPOL 73-78 Instructions
1336:port reception facilities
1099:environmental conventions
720:War and environmental law
340:Health effects from noise
190:Volatile organic compound
62:
54:
42:
37:
5488:Treaties of Turkmenistan
5423:Treaties of South Africa
5408:Treaties of Sierra Leone
5383:Treaties of Saudi Arabia
5198:Treaties of the Maldives
5053:Treaties of East Germany
5048:Treaties of West Germany
3497:Marine mammals and sonar
3408:Radio spectrum pollution
2603:Anish (23 August 2022).
2328:Port of Boulogne-sur-Mer
2278:Marine energy management
2055:International piracy law
2046:the Law of the Sea
1429:plastic into the ocean.
345:Marine mammals and sonar
5448:Treaties of Switzerland
5363:Treaties of Saint Lucia
5273:Treaties of New Zealand
5003:Treaties of El Salvador
4968:Treaties of North Korea
4938:Treaties of Ivory Coast
4923:Treaties of the Comoros
4828:Treaties of the Bahamas
4778:1983 in the environment
4505:Busiest container ports
4343:WikiProject Environment
4301:Most polluted countries
4245:Polluter pays principle
3976:Agricultural wastewater
2200:international standards
2077:Anti-fouling Convention
1341:The second part of the
1162:% of the World Tonnage
820:Freshwater salinization
740:Agricultural wastewater
5543:Treaties of Yugoslavia
5398:Treaties of Seychelles
5253:Treaties of Mozambique
5243:Treaties of Montenegro
5213:Treaties of Mauritania
5183:Treaties of Madagascar
5178:Treaties of Luxembourg
5143:Treaties of Kazakhstan
5038:Treaties of the Gambia
4903:Treaties of Cape Verde
4838:Treaties of Bangladesh
4823:Treaties of Azerbaijan
4773:Admiralty law treaties
4733:Environmental treaties
4361:Environment portal
3594:Agricultural pollution
2986:Cite journal requires
2521:Cite journal requires
2283:Marine fuel management
1418:
1039:Environment portal
5533:Treaties of Venezuela
5433:Treaties of Sri Lanka
5403:Treaties of Singapore
5278:Treaties of Nicaragua
5218:Treaties of Mauritius
5173:Treaties of Lithuania
5103:Treaties of Indonesia
5068:Treaties of Guatemala
4813:Treaties of Australia
4808:Treaties of Argentina
4016:Industrial wastewater
3882:Clutter (advertising)
3790:Municipal solid waste
3636:Soil guideline values
3480:Sustainable transport
3373:Information pollution
3173:Open burning of waste
3010:www.freightlink.co.uk
2665:Nature Communications
1439:Nitrogen Oxides (NOx)
1416:
1328:oily water separators
1119:oil and air pollution
780:Industrial wastewater
548:Municipal solid waste
470:Soil guideline values
5513:Treaties of Tanzania
5458:Treaties of Thailand
5438:Treaties of Suriname
5413:Treaties of Slovakia
5338:Treaties of Portugal
5303:Treaties of Pakistan
5238:Treaties of Mongolia
5193:Treaties of Malaysia
5153:Treaties of Kiribati
5083:Treaties of Honduras
4983:Treaties of Dominica
4978:Treaties of Djibouti
4918:Treaties of Colombia
4893:Treaties of Cameroon
4888:Treaties of Cambodia
4843:Treaties of Barbados
4661:Transport portal
4500:World's busiest port
4288:Most polluted cities
3981:Biological pollution
3892:Overhead power lines
3064:8 March 2016 at the
3052:25 June 2012 at the
2357:"Status of Treaties"
2183:pollution prevention
2002:Vice admiralty court
1748:Contract of carriage
1551:Corpus Juris Civilis
1113:and seas, including
989:Most polluted cities
641:Overhead power lines
5538:Treaties of Vietnam
5528:Treaties of Vanuatu
5523:Treaties of Uruguay
5498:Treaties of Ukraine
5478:Treaties of Tunisia
5388:Treaties of Senegal
5348:Treaties of Romania
5283:Treaties of Nigeria
5263:Treaties of Namibia
5258:Treaties of Myanmar
5248:Treaties of Morocco
5228:Treaties of Moldova
5168:Treaties of Lebanon
5128:Treaties of Jamaica
5113:Treaties of Ireland
5093:Treaties of Iceland
5023:Treaties of Finland
5013:Treaties of Estonia
4993:Treaties of Ecuador
4973:Treaties of Denmark
4943:Treaties of Croatia
4868:Treaties of Bolivia
4853:Treaties of Belgium
4848:Treaties of Belarus
4833:Treaties of Bahrain
4818:Treaties of Austria
4793:Treaties of Algeria
4788:Treaties of Albania
4702:Wiktionary "Harbor"
4351:WikiProject Ecology
4048:Ocean acidification
3953:Unexploded ordnance
3824:Post-consumer waste
3684:Foam food container
3662:Biodegradable waste
3236:Global distillation
3016:on 28 October 2014.
2940:on 14 February 2020
2908:on 14 February 2020
2677:2018NatCo...9..406S
2248:flag of convenience
2225:, and parts of the
2213:On 1 January 2015,
1479:port state controls
1443:Sulfur Oxides (SOx)
1384:constructed before
1258:
1146:
805:Ocean acidification
715:Unexploded ordnance
636:Advertising clutter
568:Post-consumer waste
513:Foam food container
498:Biodegradable waste
155:Global distillation
34:
5493:Treaties of Tuvalu
5483:Treaties of Turkey
5443:Treaties of Sweden
5313:Treaties of Panama
5293:Treaties of Norway
5233:Treaties of Monaco
5223:Treaties of Mexico
5188:Treaties of Malawi
5163:Treaties of Latvia
5158:Treaties of Kuwait
5138:Treaties of Jordan
5118:Treaties of Israel
5078:Treaties of Guyana
5073:Treaties of Guinea
5063:Treaties of Greece
5028:Treaties of France
4953:Treaties of Cyprus
4898:Treaties of Canada
4878:Treaties of Brazil
4873:Treaties of Brunei
4858:Treaties of Belize
4798:Treaties of Angola
4584:Port state control
4574:Maritime transport
4510:Busiest by tonnage
4371:Ecology portal
4255:Waste minimisation
4230:Industrial ecology
4225:Cleaner production
4043:Nutrient pollution
3920:Herbicidal warfare
3714:Construction waste
3350:Introduced species
3221:Indoor air quality
3148:Chlorofluorocarbon
2966:(RCED-00-48): 20.
2455:on 25 April 2013.
1611:Maritime transport
1419:
1332:oil content meters
1322:The first half of
1271:As of 31 July 2013
1257:
1218:27 September 2003
1144:
1051:Ecology portal
676:Herbicidal warfare
220:Introduced species
160:Indoor air quality
130:Chlorofluorocarbon
32:
5468:Treaties of Tonga
5453:Treaties of Syria
5428:Treaties of Spain
5373:Treaties of Samoa
5343:Treaties of Qatar
5308:Treaties of Palau
5203:Treaties of Malta
5148:Treaties of Kenya
5133:Treaties of Japan
5123:Treaties of Italy
5098:Treaties of India
5058:Treaties of Ghana
5033:Treaties of Gabon
4998:Treaties of Egypt
4908:Treaties of Chile
4720:
4719:
4692:Wiktionary "Port"
4377:
4376:
4250:Pollution control
3930:Nuclear holocaust
3839:Thermal treatment
3807:Plastic pollution
3724:Mercury poisoning
3677:Battery recycling
3576:Radioactive waste
3345:Genetic pollution
3340:Biological hazard
3138:Air quality index
2771:Visual Capitalist
2554:on 4 October 2019
2318:Oil content meter
2268:Crude oil washing
2163:
2162:
2101:Athens Convention
2067:MARPOL Convention
2018:Hague-Visby Rules
1907:Freight forwarder
1852:Proof of delivery
1707:Maritime security
1544:Code of Hammurabi
1293:
1292:
1289:
1288:
1229:31 December 1988
1087:
1086:
1022:
1021:
688:Nuclear holocaust
611:Urban heat island
425:Radioactive waste
210:Biological hazard
120:Air quality index
70:
69:
16:(Redirected from
5625:
5463:Treaties of Togo
5323:Treaties of Peru
5298:Treaties of Oman
5288:Treaties of Niue
5108:Treaties of Iran
5018:Treaties of Fiji
4948:Treaties of Cuba
4710:
4709:
4700:
4690:
4680:
4679:
4670:
4669:
4659:
4658:
4589:Harbour engineer
4434:Fuelling station
4404:
4397:
4390:
4381:
4380:
4369:
4368:
4367:
4359:
4358:
4349:
4348:
4341:
4340:
4333:
4332:
4320:
4319:
4194:Legacy pollution
4053:Oil exploitation
3915:Chemical warfare
3829:Waste management
3736:Industrial waste
3704:Biomedical waste
3672:Electronic waste
3657:Advertising mail
3641:Phytoremediation
3616:Land degradation
3401:Overillumination
3355:Invasive species
3101:
3094:
3087:
3078:
3077:
3034:
3024:
3018:
3017:
3012:. Archived from
3002:
2996:
2995:
2989:
2984:
2982:
2974:
2972:
2965:
2956:
2950:
2949:
2947:
2945:
2939:
2933:. Archived from
2932:
2924:
2918:
2917:
2915:
2913:
2907:
2901:. Archived from
2900:
2892:
2886:
2885:
2880:. Archived from
2874:
2868:
2867:
2862:. Archived from
2860:"Regulations 12"
2856:
2850:
2849:
2843:
2835:
2833:
2831:
2825:
2817:
2811:
2810:
2809:
2807:
2802:on 9 August 2020
2798:, archived from
2788:
2782:
2781:
2779:
2777:
2762:
2756:
2755:
2753:
2751:
2734:
2728:
2727:
2723:
2717:
2716:
2706:
2688:
2656:
2650:
2649:
2647:
2645:
2640:on 15 April 2018
2626:
2620:
2619:
2617:
2615:
2600:
2594:
2593:
2591:
2589:
2580:. Archived from
2570:
2564:
2563:
2561:
2559:
2550:. Archived from
2540:
2531:
2530:
2524:
2519:
2517:
2509:
2501:
2495:
2494:
2492:
2490:
2475:
2460:
2459:
2454:
2448:. Archived from
2441:
2432:
2426:
2425:
2423:
2421:
2402:
2396:
2395:
2388:
2382:
2381:
2380:
2378:
2372:
2361:
2353:
2155:
2148:
2141:
2062:SOLAS Convention
2049:
1914:Captain (Master)
1712:Letter of marque
1669:Marine insurance
1578:Hanseatic League
1531:
1517:
1516:
1421:MARPOL Annex V (
1387:
1382:chemical tankers
1378:SOLAS Convention
1282:
1270:
1259:
1156:Entry into force
1147:
1079:
1072:
1065:
1049:
1048:
1047:
1037:
1036:
968:
967:
671:Chemical warfare
573:Waste management
533:Industrial waste
508:Electronic waste
493:Advertising mail
475:Phytoremediation
450:Land degradation
390:Depleted uranium
275:Overillumination
225:Invasive species
97:
87:
72:
71:
47:
35:
31:
21:
5633:
5632:
5628:
5627:
5626:
5624:
5623:
5622:
4748:Ocean pollution
4738:Water pollution
4723:
4722:
4721:
4716:
4653:
4644:
4613:
4566:Port management
4560:
4524:
4488:
4417:
4408:
4378:
4373:
4365:
4363:
4353:
4310:
4296:
4264:
4213:
4162:
4129:
4068:Pharmaceuticals
4058:Oil exploration
3962:
3934:Nuclear fallout
3901:
3863:
3845:
3819:Packaging waste
3773:Deep sea mining
3699:Hazardous waste
3645:
3626:Open defecation
3580:
3546:Nuclear fallout
3541:Nuclear fission
3517:
3443:
3412:
3383:Electromagnetic
3377:
3361:
3326:
3246:Ozone depletion
3119:
3110:
3105:
3066:Wayback Machine
3054:Wayback Machine
3043:
3038:
3037:
3025:
3021:
3004:
3003:
2999:
2987:
2985:
2976:
2975:
2970:
2963:
2957:
2953:
2943:
2941:
2937:
2930:
2926:
2925:
2921:
2911:
2909:
2905:
2898:
2894:
2893:
2889:
2884:on 22 May 2010.
2878:"Regulation 14"
2876:
2875:
2871:
2866:on 22 May 2010.
2858:
2857:
2853:
2837:
2836:
2829:
2827:
2823:
2819:
2818:
2814:
2805:
2803:
2790:
2789:
2785:
2775:
2773:
2763:
2759:
2749:
2747:
2735:
2731:
2724:
2720:
2657:
2653:
2643:
2641:
2628:
2627:
2623:
2613:
2611:
2601:
2597:
2587:
2585:
2584:on 30 July 2019
2572:
2571:
2567:
2557:
2555:
2542:
2541:
2534:
2522:
2520:
2511:
2510:
2502:
2498:
2488:
2486:
2477:
2476:
2463:
2452:
2439:
2433:
2429:
2419:
2417:
2404:
2403:
2399:
2390:
2389:
2385:
2376:
2374:
2370:
2359:
2355:
2354:
2341:
2336:
2264:
2243:
2227:English Channel
2159:
2092:
2089:
2051:
2047:
2045:
2028:Rotterdam Rules
1997:Admiralty court
1937:Freight company
1928:
1690:General average
1671:
1642:Merchant marine
1548:
1515:
1487:
1460:
1435:
1411:
1403:
1394:
1370:
1358:oil record book
1304:
1298:
1175:2 October 1983
1139:
1083:
1045:
1043:
1031:
1024:
1023:
923:
915:
914:
888:
880:
879:
815:Pharmaceuticals
795:Nonpoint source
735:
725:
724:
693:Nuclear fallout
666:
656:
655:
626:
616:
615:
606:
596:
595:
586:
578:
577:
563:Packaging waste
528:Hazardous waste
488:
480:
479:
440:
430:
429:
400:Nuclear fallout
395:Nuclear fission
375:
365:
364:
330:
320:
319:
295:
287:
286:
260:
258:Electromagnetic
250:
249:
240:
232:
231:
205:
195:
194:
165:Ozone depletion
110:
100:
85:
50:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5631:
5621:
5620:
5615:
5610:
5605:
5600:
5595:
5590:
5585:
5580:
5575:
5570:
5565:
5560:
5555:
5553:1973 in London
5550:
5545:
5540:
5535:
5530:
5525:
5520:
5515:
5510:
5505:
5500:
5495:
5490:
5485:
5480:
5475:
5470:
5465:
5460:
5455:
5450:
5445:
5440:
5435:
5430:
5425:
5420:
5415:
5410:
5405:
5400:
5395:
5390:
5385:
5380:
5375:
5370:
5365:
5360:
5355:
5350:
5345:
5340:
5335:
5330:
5325:
5320:
5315:
5310:
5305:
5300:
5295:
5290:
5285:
5280:
5275:
5270:
5265:
5260:
5255:
5250:
5245:
5240:
5235:
5230:
5225:
5220:
5215:
5210:
5205:
5200:
5195:
5190:
5185:
5180:
5175:
5170:
5165:
5160:
5155:
5150:
5145:
5140:
5135:
5130:
5125:
5120:
5115:
5110:
5105:
5100:
5095:
5090:
5085:
5080:
5075:
5070:
5065:
5060:
5055:
5050:
5045:
5040:
5035:
5030:
5025:
5020:
5015:
5010:
5005:
5000:
4995:
4990:
4985:
4980:
4975:
4970:
4965:
4960:
4955:
4950:
4945:
4940:
4935:
4930:
4925:
4920:
4915:
4910:
4905:
4900:
4895:
4890:
4885:
4880:
4875:
4870:
4865:
4860:
4855:
4850:
4845:
4840:
4835:
4830:
4825:
4820:
4815:
4810:
4805:
4800:
4795:
4790:
4785:
4783:1978 in London
4780:
4775:
4770:
4765:
4760:
4755:
4750:
4745:
4740:
4735:
4718:
4717:
4715:
4714:
4704:
4694:
4684:
4674:
4664:
4649:
4646:
4645:
4643:
4642:
4637:
4632:
4627:
4621:
4619:
4615:
4614:
4612:
4611:
4606:
4601:
4596:
4591:
4586:
4581:
4579:Port authority
4576:
4570:
4568:
4562:
4561:
4559:
4558:
4553:
4548:
4543:
4538:
4532:
4530:
4526:
4525:
4523:
4522:
4517:
4512:
4507:
4502:
4496:
4494:
4490:
4489:
4487:
4486:
4481:
4476:
4471:
4466:
4461:
4456:
4451:
4446:
4441:
4436:
4431:
4425:
4423:
4419:
4418:
4407:
4406:
4399:
4392:
4384:
4375:
4374:
4315:
4312:
4311:
4309:
4308:
4303:
4298:
4294:
4290:
4285:
4283:Law by country
4280:
4274:
4272:
4266:
4265:
4263:
4262:
4257:
4252:
4247:
4242:
4237:
4232:
4227:
4221:
4219:
4215:
4214:
4212:
4211:
4206:
4201:
4196:
4191:
4186:
4181:
4176:
4170:
4168:
4164:
4163:
4161:
4160:
4155:
4154:
4153:
4148:
4137:
4135:
4131:
4130:
4128:
4127:
4122:
4117:
4112:
4107:
4105:Surface runoff
4102:
4097:
4092:
4087:
4086:
4085:
4080:
4070:
4065:
4060:
4055:
4050:
4045:
4040:
4035:
4030:
4029:
4028:
4018:
4013:
4008:
4003:
3998:
3993:
3991:Eutrophication
3988:
3983:
3978:
3972:
3970:
3964:
3963:
3961:
3960:
3955:
3950:
3948:Scorched earth
3945:
3942:nuclear winter
3938:nuclear famine
3927:
3917:
3911:
3909:
3903:
3902:
3900:
3899:
3894:
3889:
3884:
3879:
3873:
3871:
3865:
3864:
3862:
3861:
3855:
3853:
3847:
3846:
3844:
3843:
3842:
3841:
3836:
3826:
3821:
3816:
3815:
3814:
3804:
3799:
3798:
3797:
3787:
3786:
3785:
3783:Uranium mining
3780:
3775:
3770:
3768:Surface mining
3765:
3760:
3750:
3745:
3744:
3743:
3733:
3732:
3731:
3726:
3721:
3719:Lead poisoning
3716:
3711:
3709:Chemical waste
3706:
3696:
3691:
3686:
3681:
3680:
3679:
3669:
3664:
3659:
3653:
3651:
3647:
3646:
3644:
3643:
3638:
3633:
3628:
3623:
3621:Bioremediation
3618:
3613:
3612:
3611:
3606:
3601:
3590:
3588:
3582:
3581:
3579:
3578:
3573:
3568:
3563:
3558:
3553:
3548:
3543:
3538:
3536:Bioremediation
3533:
3527:
3525:
3519:
3518:
3516:
3515:
3510:
3507:
3504:
3501:
3500:
3499:
3489:
3484:
3483:
3482:
3477:
3472:
3467:
3462:
3457:Transportation
3453:
3451:
3445:
3444:
3442:
3441:
3436:
3431:
3426:
3420:
3418:
3414:
3413:
3411:
3410:
3405:
3404:
3403:
3398:
3387:
3385:
3379:
3378:
3376:
3375:
3369:
3367:
3363:
3362:
3360:
3359:
3358:
3357:
3347:
3342:
3336:
3334:
3328:
3327:
3325:
3324:
3319:
3314:
3313:
3312:
3302:
3301:
3300:
3290:
3285:
3280:
3279:
3278:
3273:
3268:
3263:
3258:
3248:
3243:
3238:
3233:
3231:Global dimming
3228:
3223:
3218:
3217:
3216:
3206:
3205:
3204:
3202:Diesel exhaust
3194:
3189:
3188:
3187:
3177:
3176:
3175:
3170:
3165:
3160:
3150:
3145:
3140:
3135:
3129:
3127:
3121:
3120:
3115:
3112:
3111:
3104:
3103:
3096:
3089:
3081:
3075:
3074:
3069:
3056:
3042:
3041:External links
3039:
3036:
3035:
3019:
2997:
2988:|journal=
2951:
2928:"MEPC.220(63)"
2919:
2896:"MEPC.219(63)"
2887:
2869:
2851:
2821:"MEPC 176(58)"
2812:
2783:
2757:
2729:
2718:
2651:
2621:
2609:Marine Insight
2595:
2565:
2532:
2523:|journal=
2496:
2461:
2427:
2397:
2383:
2373:on 28 May 2020
2338:
2337:
2335:
2332:
2331:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2308:MARPOL Annex I
2305:
2300:
2298:Ship pollution
2295:
2290:
2285:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2263:
2260:
2242:
2239:
2161:
2160:
2158:
2157:
2150:
2143:
2135:
2132:
2131:
2130:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2111:
2110:
2106:
2105:
2104:
2103:
2098:
2096:SAR Convention
2093:
2086:
2084:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2058:
2057:
2042:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2012:
2011:
2007:
2006:
2005:
2004:
1999:
1991:
1990:
1986:
1985:
1984:
1983:
1978:
1977:
1976:
1966:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1945:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1923:
1922:
1921:
1911:
1910:
1909:
1904:
1891:
1890:
1886:
1885:
1884:
1883:
1878:
1877:
1876:
1866:
1865:
1864:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1839:
1838:
1837:
1827:
1822:
1821:
1820:
1813:
1803:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1783:
1778:
1776:Bill of lading
1773:
1768:
1763:
1755:
1754:
1744:
1743:
1742:
1741:
1740:
1739:
1737:Wartime prizes
1734:
1729:
1724:
1719:
1714:
1704:
1703:
1702:
1697:
1692:
1687:
1682:
1677:
1666:
1665:
1664:
1659:
1654:
1652:Passenger ship
1649:
1639:
1638:
1637:
1632:
1627:
1622:
1608:
1607:
1606:
1601:
1588:
1587:
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1582:
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1580:
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1524:
1523:
1514:
1511:
1486:
1483:
1459:
1456:
1434:
1431:
1410:
1407:
1402:
1399:
1393:
1390:
1380:. Previously,
1369:
1366:
1362:MARPOL Annex I
1351:MARPOL Annex I
1343:MARPOL Annex I
1324:MARPOL Annex I
1302:Marpol Annex I
1300:Main article:
1297:
1294:
1291:
1290:
1287:
1286:
1285:
1284:
1273:
1272:
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1199:
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1191:
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1173:
1170:
1164:
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1160:
1157:
1154:
1151:
1138:
1135:
1085:
1084:
1082:
1081:
1074:
1067:
1059:
1056:
1055:
1054:
1053:
1041:
1026:
1025:
1020:
1019:
1018:
1017:
1009:
1008:
1004:
1003:
1002:
1001:
996:
991:
986:
984:Law by country
981:
973:
972:
966:
965:
960:
955:
950:
945:
940:
935:
930:
924:
921:
920:
917:
916:
913:
912:
911:
910:
905:
895:
889:
886:
885:
882:
881:
878:
877:
872:
867:
862:
857:
855:Surface runoff
852:
847:
842:
837:
832:
827:
822:
817:
812:
807:
802:
797:
792:
787:
782:
777:
772:
767:
762:
757:
755:Eutrophication
752:
747:
742:
736:
731:
730:
727:
726:
723:
722:
717:
712:
710:Scorched earth
707:
706:
705:
703:Nuclear winter
700:
698:Nuclear famine
695:
685:
684:
683:
673:
667:
662:
661:
658:
657:
654:
653:
648:
643:
638:
633:
627:
622:
621:
618:
617:
614:
613:
607:
602:
601:
598:
597:
594:
593:
587:
584:
583:
580:
579:
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575:
570:
565:
560:
555:
550:
545:
540:
535:
530:
525:
520:
515:
510:
505:
500:
495:
489:
486:
485:
482:
481:
478:
477:
472:
467:
462:
457:
455:Bioremediation
452:
447:
441:
436:
435:
432:
431:
428:
427:
422:
417:
412:
407:
402:
397:
392:
387:
385:Bioremediation
382:
376:
371:
370:
367:
366:
363:
362:
357:
352:
347:
342:
337:
335:Transportation
331:
326:
325:
322:
321:
318:
317:
312:
307:
302:
296:
293:
292:
289:
288:
285:
284:
282:Radio spectrum
279:
278:
277:
272:
261:
256:
255:
252:
251:
248:
247:
241:
238:
237:
234:
233:
230:
229:
228:
227:
217:
212:
206:
201:
200:
197:
196:
193:
192:
187:
182:
177:
172:
167:
162:
157:
152:
150:Global dimming
147:
142:
137:
132:
127:
122:
117:
111:
106:
105:
102:
101:
98:
90:
89:
81:
80:
68:
67:
64:
60:
59:
58:2 October 1983
56:
52:
51:
48:
40:
39:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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5459:
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5441:
5439:
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5434:
5431:
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5411:
5409:
5406:
5404:
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5399:
5396:
5394:
5391:
5389:
5386:
5384:
5381:
5379:
5376:
5374:
5371:
5369:
5366:
5364:
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5359:
5356:
5354:
5351:
5349:
5346:
5344:
5341:
5339:
5336:
5334:
5331:
5329:
5326:
5324:
5321:
5319:
5316:
5314:
5311:
5309:
5306:
5304:
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5299:
5296:
5294:
5291:
5289:
5286:
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5149:
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5139:
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5126:
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5121:
5119:
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5111:
5109:
5106:
5104:
5101:
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5051:
5049:
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5029:
5026:
5024:
5021:
5019:
5016:
5014:
5011:
5009:
5006:
5004:
5001:
4999:
4996:
4994:
4991:
4989:
4986:
4984:
4981:
4979:
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4929:
4926:
4924:
4921:
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4911:
4909:
4906:
4904:
4901:
4899:
4896:
4894:
4891:
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4886:
4884:
4881:
4879:
4876:
4874:
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4869:
4866:
4864:
4861:
4859:
4856:
4854:
4851:
4849:
4846:
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4841:
4839:
4836:
4834:
4831:
4829:
4826:
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4821:
4819:
4816:
4814:
4811:
4809:
4806:
4804:
4801:
4799:
4796:
4794:
4791:
4789:
4786:
4784:
4781:
4779:
4776:
4774:
4771:
4769:
4766:
4764:
4761:
4759:
4756:
4754:
4751:
4749:
4746:
4744:
4741:
4739:
4736:
4734:
4731:
4730:
4728:
4713:
4705:
4703:
4699:
4695:
4693:
4689:
4685:
4683:
4675:
4673:
4665:
4663:
4662:
4657:
4651:
4650:
4647:
4641:
4638:
4636:
4633:
4631:
4628:
4626:
4623:
4622:
4620:
4616:
4610:
4607:
4605:
4602:
4600:
4597:
4595:
4594:Port operator
4592:
4590:
4587:
4585:
4582:
4580:
4577:
4575:
4572:
4571:
4569:
4567:
4563:
4557:
4554:
4552:
4549:
4547:
4544:
4542:
4539:
4537:
4534:
4533:
4531:
4527:
4521:
4518:
4516:
4513:
4511:
4508:
4506:
4503:
4501:
4498:
4497:
4495:
4491:
4485:
4482:
4480:
4477:
4475:
4472:
4470:
4467:
4465:
4462:
4460:
4459:Port of entry
4457:
4455:
4452:
4450:
4447:
4445:
4442:
4440:
4439:Inland harbor
4437:
4435:
4432:
4430:
4427:
4426:
4424:
4420:
4416:
4412:
4405:
4400:
4398:
4393:
4391:
4386:
4385:
4382:
4372:
4362:
4357:
4352:
4344:
4336:
4327:
4323:
4313:
4307:
4304:
4302:
4299:
4297:
4291:
4289:
4286:
4284:
4281:
4279:
4276:
4275:
4273:
4271:
4267:
4261:
4258:
4256:
4253:
4251:
4248:
4246:
4243:
4241:
4238:
4236:
4233:
4231:
4228:
4226:
4223:
4222:
4220:
4216:
4210:
4207:
4205:
4202:
4200:
4197:
4195:
4192:
4190:
4187:
4185:
4182:
4180:
4177:
4175:
4172:
4171:
4169:
4165:
4159:
4156:
4152:
4149:
4147:
4144:
4143:
4142:
4139:
4138:
4136:
4132:
4126:
4125:Water quality
4123:
4121:
4118:
4116:
4113:
4111:
4108:
4106:
4103:
4101:
4098:
4096:
4093:
4091:
4088:
4084:
4081:
4079:
4076:
4075:
4074:
4071:
4069:
4066:
4064:
4061:
4059:
4056:
4054:
4051:
4049:
4046:
4044:
4041:
4039:
4036:
4034:
4031:
4027:
4024:
4023:
4022:
4019:
4017:
4014:
4012:
4009:
4007:
4004:
4002:
3999:
3997:
3994:
3992:
3989:
3987:
3984:
3982:
3979:
3977:
3974:
3973:
3971:
3969:
3965:
3959:
3956:
3954:
3951:
3949:
3946:
3943:
3939:
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3921:
3918:
3916:
3913:
3912:
3910:
3908:
3904:
3898:
3895:
3893:
3890:
3888:
3887:Traffic signs
3885:
3883:
3880:
3878:
3875:
3874:
3872:
3870:
3866:
3860:
3857:
3856:
3854:
3852:
3848:
3840:
3837:
3835:
3832:
3831:
3830:
3827:
3825:
3822:
3820:
3817:
3813:
3812:Microplastics
3810:
3809:
3808:
3805:
3803:
3802:Nanomaterials
3800:
3796:
3793:
3792:
3791:
3788:
3784:
3781:
3779:
3776:
3774:
3771:
3769:
3766:
3764:
3761:
3759:
3756:
3755:
3754:
3751:
3749:
3746:
3742:
3741:Lead smelting
3739:
3738:
3737:
3734:
3730:
3727:
3725:
3722:
3720:
3717:
3715:
3712:
3710:
3707:
3705:
3702:
3701:
3700:
3697:
3695:
3692:
3690:
3687:
3685:
3682:
3678:
3675:
3674:
3673:
3670:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3660:
3658:
3655:
3654:
3652:
3648:
3642:
3639:
3637:
3634:
3632:
3629:
3627:
3624:
3622:
3619:
3617:
3614:
3610:
3607:
3605:
3602:
3600:
3597:
3596:
3595:
3592:
3591:
3589:
3587:
3583:
3577:
3574:
3572:
3569:
3567:
3564:
3562:
3561:Radioactivity
3559:
3557:
3554:
3552:
3549:
3547:
3544:
3542:
3539:
3537:
3534:
3532:
3529:
3528:
3526:
3524:
3520:
3514:
3513:Noise control
3511:
3508:
3505:
3502:
3498:
3495:
3494:
3493:
3490:
3488:
3485:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3471:
3468:
3466:
3463:
3460:
3459:
3458:
3455:
3454:
3452:
3450:
3446:
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3435:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3421:
3419:
3415:
3409:
3406:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3394:
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3392:
3389:
3388:
3386:
3384:
3380:
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3368:
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3356:
3353:
3352:
3351:
3348:
3346:
3343:
3341:
3338:
3337:
3335:
3333:
3329:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3315:
3311:
3308:
3307:
3306:
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3291:
3289:
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3281:
3277:
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3262:
3261:Metal working
3259:
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3044:
3033:
3032:9781509927760
3029:
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3001:
2993:
2980:
2969:
2962:
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2249:
2238:
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2224:
2220:
2216:
2211:
2209:
2205:
2204:noncompliance
2201:
2195:
2193:
2188:
2187:domestic laws
2184:
2180:
2175:
2172:
2171:gross tonnage
2168:
2165:In order for
2156:
2151:
2149:
2144:
2142:
2137:
2136:
2134:
2133:
2128:
2125:
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2053:
2052:
2050:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2023:Hamburg Rules
2021:
2019:
2016:
2015:
2014:
2013:
2009:
2008:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1994:
1993:
1992:
1988:
1987:
1982:
1979:
1975:
1972:
1971:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1957:
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1947:
1943:
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1933:
1930:
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1899:
1898:
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1879:
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1874:International
1872:
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1823:
1819:
1818:
1814:
1812:
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1804:
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1801:Force majeure
1799:
1797:
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1792:
1789:
1787:
1784:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1761:Affreightment
1759:
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1753:
1749:
1746:
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1695:Seaworthiness
1693:
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1609:
1605:
1604:Fisheries law
1602:
1600:
1597:
1596:
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1592:
1591:
1590:
1589:
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1584:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1573:Amalfian Laws
1571:
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1564:
1560:
1559:
1555:
1554:
1553:
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1526:
1525:
1522:
1521:Admiralty law
1519:
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1510:
1507:
1503:
1500:
1498:
1493:
1490:
1482:
1480:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1468:United States
1465:
1455:
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1448:
1444:
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1424:
1415:
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1281:
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1016:
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987:
985:
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964:
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926:
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919:
918:
909:
906:
904:
901:
900:
899:
896:
894:
891:
890:
884:
883:
876:
873:
871:
870:Water quality
868:
866:
863:
861:
858:
856:
853:
851:
848:
846:
843:
841:
838:
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813:
811:
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766:
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748:
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721:
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679:
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672:
669:
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665:
660:
659:
652:
649:
647:
646:Traffic signs
644:
642:
639:
637:
634:
632:
629:
628:
625:
620:
619:
612:
609:
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600:
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592:
589:
588:
582:
581:
574:
571:
569:
566:
564:
561:
559:
556:
554:
553:Nanomaterials
551:
549:
546:
544:
541:
539:
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531:
529:
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524:
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519:
516:
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451:
448:
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443:
442:
439:
434:
433:
426:
423:
421:
418:
416:
415:Radioactivity
413:
411:
408:
406:
403:
401:
398:
396:
393:
391:
388:
386:
383:
381:
378:
377:
374:
369:
368:
361:
360:Soundproofing
358:
356:
355:Noise control
353:
351:
350:Noise barrier
348:
346:
343:
341:
338:
336:
333:
332:
329:
324:
323:
316:
313:
311:
308:
306:
303:
301:
298:
297:
291:
290:
283:
280:
276:
273:
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268:
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259:
254:
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246:
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236:
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226:
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158:
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153:
151:
148:
146:
143:
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138:
136:
133:
131:
128:
126:
123:
121:
118:
116:
113:
112:
109:
104:
103:
96:
92:
91:
88:
83:
82:
78:
74:
73:
65:
61:
57:
53:
46:
41:
36:
30:
19:
4652:
4630:MARPOL 73/78
4629:
4204:Point source
4146:Heavy metals
4120:Urban runoff
4100:Sulfur water
4078:Septic tanks
3924:Agent Orange
3778:Mining waste
3604:Manure waste
3434:Volcanic ash
3310:Black carbon
3266:Oil refining
3251:Particulates
3180:Construction
3022:
3014:the original
3009:
3000:
2979:cite journal
2954:
2942:. Retrieved
2935:the original
2922:
2910:. Retrieved
2903:the original
2890:
2882:the original
2872:
2864:the original
2854:
2828:. Retrieved
2815:
2804:, retrieved
2800:the original
2795:
2786:
2774:. Retrieved
2770:
2760:
2748:. Retrieved
2742:
2732:
2721:
2668:
2664:
2654:
2642:. Retrieved
2638:the original
2633:
2624:
2612:. Retrieved
2608:
2598:
2586:. Retrieved
2582:the original
2577:
2568:
2556:. Retrieved
2552:the original
2547:
2514:cite journal
2499:
2487:. Retrieved
2482:
2456:
2450:the original
2443:
2430:
2418:. Retrieved
2410:MAX1 Studies
2409:
2400:
2386:
2375:, retrieved
2368:the original
2363:
2244:
2231:
2212:
2196:
2176:
2164:
2066:
1847:Packing list
1815:
1752:Charterparty
1662:Registration
1635:Shipbuilding
1565:
1556:
1549:
1508:
1504:
1501:
1494:
1491:
1488:
1475:
1472:
1463:
1461:
1436:
1422:
1420:
1404:
1395:
1375:
1371:
1355:
1340:
1321:
1305:
1277:
1265:
1252:
1251:
1188:6 April 1987
1140:
1131:
1123:
1095:MARPOL 73/78
1094:
1090:
1088:
958:Point source
903:Heavy metals
865:Urban runoff
850:Sulfur water
825:Septic tanks
681:Agent Orange
591:Space debris
445:Agricultural
310:Volcanic ash
170:Particulates
33:MARPOL 73/78
29:
4712:WikiProject
4618:Conventions
4444:Inland port
4174:Area source
4083:Pit latrine
4006:Groundwater
3763:Gold mining
3758:Coal mining
3729:Toxic waste
3694:Green waste
3667:Brown waste
3650:Solid waste
3197:Exhaust gas
2776:19 November
2750:19 November
2634:www.imo.org
2578:www.imo.org
2548:www.imo.org
2485:. IMO. 2012
2377:31 December
2223:Scandinavia
1989:Judiciaries
1791:Consignment
1386:1 July 1986
1334:(OCM), and
1240:19 May 2005
1201:1 July 1992
1127:flag states
928:Area source
770:Groundwater
523:Green waste
503:Brown waste
487:Solid waste
245:Information
140:Exhaust gas
4727:Categories
4484:Naval base
4464:Trust port
4326:by country
4322:Categories
4260:Zero waste
4141:Pollutants
4095:Stagnation
4033:Monitoring
4001:Freshwater
3877:Air travel
3689:Food waste
3609:Pesticides
3599:Herbicides
3503:Industrial
3332:Biological
3192:Demolition
3185:Renovation
3168:Joss paper
3153:Combustion
2830:7 February
2671:(1): 406.
2574:"IBC Code"
2334:References
2179:Flag State
1811:Commercial
1786:Chartering
1700:Total loss
1675:Act of God
1647:Cargo ship
1485:Amendments
1137:Provisions
1015:By country
1007:Categories
898:Pollutants
875:Wastewater
845:Stagnation
790:Monitoring
765:Freshwater
631:Air travel
518:Food waste
460:Defecation
270:Ecological
203:Biological
135:Combustion
75:Part of a
4529:Locations
4474:Anchorage
4429:Home port
4218:Responses
4189:Garbology
4115:Turbidity
4063:Oil spill
3996:Firewater
3897:Vandalism
3859:Satellite
3556:Poisoning
3551:Plutonium
3531:Actinides
3523:Radiation
3271:Wood dust
3133:Acid rain
3108:Pollution
2806:4 October
2695:2041-1723
2630:"Garbage"
2219:North Sea
1981:Stevedore
1959:Principal
1954:Consignor
1949:Consignee
1932:Charterer
1817:Pro forma
1796:Demurrage
1781:Brokerage
1732:Smuggling
1727:Pollution
1685:Collision
1481:(PSC's).
1392:Annex III
1195:Annex III
1107:pollution
943:Garbology
860:Turbidity
810:Oil spill
760:Firewater
745:Biosolids
651:Vandalism
410:Poisoning
405:Plutonium
380:Actinides
373:Radiation
115:Acid rain
86:Pollution
55:Effective
4672:Category
4599:Security
4556:Southern
4541:Atlantic
4493:Rankings
4469:Dry port
4306:Treaties
4278:Diseases
4090:Shipping
3986:Diseases
3834:Landfill
3509:Abstract
3506:Military
3439:Wildfire
3288:Smelting
3256:Asbestos
3062:Archived
3050:Archived
2968:Archived
2944:14 April
2912:14 April
2840:cite web
2713:29410475
2644:14 April
2414:Archived
2262:See also
2235:European
2215:maritime
2048:(UNCLOS)
1842:Manifest
1835:Maritime
1771:Barratry
1657:Mortgage
1616:Shipping
1586:Features
1464:IMO 2020
1458:IMO 2020
1433:Annex VI
1401:Annex IV
1368:Annex II
1234:Annex VI
1212:Annex IV
1182:Annex II
999:Treaties
979:Diseases
835:Shipping
800:Nutrient
750:Diseases
315:Wildfire
4682:Commons
4551:Pacific
4454:Outport
4449:Landing
4415:harbors
4335:Commons
4110:Thermal
4011:Hypoxia
3795:Garbage
3566:Uranium
3417:Natural
3366:Digital
3298:Aerosol
3276:Welding
3163:Biomass
3158:Biofuel
3117:History
2704:5802819
2673:Bibcode
2614:30 June
2558:23 July
2420:15 July
1942:Manager
1926:Carrier
1889:Parties
1881:Waybill
1857:Salvage
1825:Laytime
1806:Invoice
1630:Freight
1599:Illegal
1594:Fishing
1558:Digesta
1536:History
1427:dumping
1409:Annex V
1330:(OWS),
1296:Annex I
1223:Annex V
1168:Annex I
1115:dumping
1109:of the
893:History
775:Hypoxia
604:Thermal
558:Plastic
420:Uranium
294:Natural
239:Digital
215:Genetic
63:Parties
4546:Indian
4536:Arctic
4199:Midden
4179:Debris
4134:Topics
4073:Sewage
4026:debris
4021:Marine
3869:Visual
3753:Mining
3748:Litter
3241:Mining
3030:
2711:
2701:
2693:
2588:2 July
2489:3 June
2256:UNCLOS
1974:Mutiny
1969:Seaman
1902:Factor
1766:Agency
1722:Piracy
1246:94.70
1207:97.59
1111:oceans
1093:, or "
953:Midden
948:Legacy
933:Debris
887:Topics
840:Sludge
830:Sewage
785:Marine
624:Visual
543:Mining
538:Litter
77:series
18:MARPOL
4625:SOLAS
4479:Wharf
4422:Types
4411:Ports
4270:Lists
4209:Waste
4151:Paint
3968:Water
3851:Space
3492:Sonar
3487:Urban
3465:Water
3449:Noise
3424:Ozone
3391:Light
3322:Waste
3214:Smoke
2971:(PDF)
2964:(PDF)
2938:(PDF)
2931:(PDF)
2906:(PDF)
2899:(PDF)
2824:(PDF)
2453:(PDF)
2440:(PDF)
2371:(PDF)
2360:(PDF)
1964:Owner
1897:Agent
1869:Terms
1717:Drugs
1680:Cargo
1625:Cargo
1620:Ferry
1253:Notes
1153:Title
1150:Annex
971:Lists
963:Waste
908:Paint
733:Water
585:Space
328:Noise
300:Ozone
265:Light
4635:STCW
4413:and
4184:Dust
4167:Misc
3586:Soil
3475:Rail
3461:Land
3305:Soot
3293:Smog
3209:Haze
3028:ISBN
2992:help
2946:2018
2914:2018
2846:link
2832:2018
2808:2019
2778:2019
2752:2019
2744:CNBC
2709:PMID
2691:ISSN
2646:2018
2616:2023
2590:2017
2560:2015
2527:help
2491:2015
2422:2015
2379:2019
1830:Lien
1497:SECA
1356:The
1317:ODME
1089:The
938:Dust
922:Misc
438:Soil
185:Soot
180:Smog
145:Haze
4295:2.5
3907:War
3470:Air
3125:Air
2796:IMO
2699:PMC
2681:doi
2364:IMO
2208:GAO
2167:IMO
1862:Law
1313:OWS
1204:138
664:War
108:Air
66:158
4729::
4328:)
3940:-
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