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try to accommodate many forms of worship. Churches that are more lax in ritual generally do not advertise as such, and the vast majority of
Anglican churches, including most “low-church” congregations, follow some kind of fixed liturgy. Low-church congregations, however, typically have plainer-looking churches, prefer modern language, have some aspects of
523:
To an outsider, the difference between high-church and low-church may not be immediately obvious. There is a strong tradition of spiritual flexibility in
Anglicanism, and many churches do not wish to exclude those who prefer one or the other. Most churches do not identify as one or the other, and may
670:
being applied to them in a somewhat contemptuous sense. However, the terms high churchman and ritualist have often been wrongly treated as interchangeable. The high churchman of the
Catholic type is further differentiated from the earlier use of what is sometimes described as the "high and dry type"
865:
In 1982 the United
Reformed Church voted in favour of the covenant, which would have meant remodelling its elders and moderators as bishops and incorporating its ministry into the apostolic succession. The Church of England rejected the covenant. Conversations and co-operation continued leading in
638:
brought the term "high churchman" into vogue. The terms were again used in a modified sense, now used to refer to those who exalted the idea of the Church as a catholic entity as the body of Christ, and the sacramental system as the divinely given means of grace. A low churchman now became the
866:
2003 to the signing of a covenant between the Church of
England and the Methodist Church of Great Britain. From the 1970s onward, the Methodist Church was involved in several "Local Ecumenical Projects" (LEPs) with neighbouring denominations usually with the Church of England, the
896:(Presbyterian), the Methodist Church of Great Britain and the United Reformed Church were all parts of the "Scottish Churches Initiative for Union" (SCIFU) for seeking greater unity. The attempt stalled following the withdrawal of the Church of Scotland in 2003.
1114:
520:", and by the early 18th century those theologians and politicians who sought more reform in the English church and a greater liberalisation of church structure, were in contrast called "low church".
779:
arose out of a merger of the southern province of the Church of India, Pakistan, Burma and Ceylon (Anglican), the
Methodist Church of South India and the South India United Church (a
1128:
1892:
1317:
528:, and include more roles for laypersons during service. One definite indicator of a low-church parish are infrequent services for performing sacraments such as the
903:, which is generally on the low church end of the spectrum of world Anglicanism, signed a covenant for greater cooperation and potential ultimate unity with the
754:
on nearly equal terms. Some low church
Anglicans of the Reformed party consider themselves the only faithful adherents of historic Anglicanism and emphasise the
1278:
262:
604:, or high churchmen, which applied to those who valued the exclusive authority of the Established Church, the episcopacy and the sacramental system.
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in that it was used to refer to values that provided much latitude in matters of discipline and faith. The term was in contradistinction to the term
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1052:
1310:
382:
2142:
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as the ultimate source of authority in matters of faith necessary for salvation. They are, in general, prepared to cooperate with other
802:
In 1970 the Church of India, Pakistan, Burma and Ceylon, the United Church of North India, the
Baptist Churches of Northern India, the
611:
opinions within the Church of
England, though they might not be in agreement with Puritan liturgical practices. The movement to bring
711:, services of Morning and Evening Prayer over the Eucharist, and many use the minimum of formal liturgy permitted by church law. The
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1303:
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1804:
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in 1972. In 1981, a covenant project was proposed between the Church of
England, the Methodist Church in Great Britain, the
1591:
1690:
370:
1071:
656:, or broad churchmen, designating those who most valued the ethical teachings of the Church and minimised the value of
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123:
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in the 17th century, commentators and others - who favoured the theology, worship, and hierarchical structure of
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or with the United Reformed Church, which involved sharing churches, schools and in some cases ministers.
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2009:
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Ministry, ecclesiology and theological tidiness: Reflections on the history of Anglican-Methodist unity
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17:
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516:) as the true form of Christianity - began referring to that outlook (and the related practices) as "
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The term was initially pejorative. During the series of doctrinal and ecclesiastic challenges to the
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1910:
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figure preaching, the left half showing a bishop in a pulpit, the right half a puritan in a tub.
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One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the
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830:. The Church of Bangladesh is the result of a merge of Anglican and Presbyterian churches.
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Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
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of the Church of England as an official doctrinal statement of the Anglican tradition.
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are often opposed to unity with Protestants, which can reduce hope of unity with the
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A short history of Catholic-Anglican relations - and the last roadblocks to unity
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has largely abandoned the Prayer Book and uses free-form evangelical services.
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was used in the early part of the 18th century as the equivalent of the term
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High Church vs. Low Church: Documentary Narrative of an Ecclesiastical Joke
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thought inherited from the Reformation era, reject the doctrine that the
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1061:. Vol. 17 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 72.
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881:. Accepting women Protestant ministers would also make unity with the
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continued to be used for those clergy holding a more liberal view of
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818:. Also in 1970 the Anglicans, Presbyterians (Church of Scotland),
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nature of Anglicanism than broad or high churches and are usually
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In contemporary usage, "low churches" place more emphasis on the
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ritual by many of the high church clergy led to the designation
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More traditional low church Anglicans, under the influence of
643:, the designation of the movement associated with the name of
1471:
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Some contemporary low churches also incorporate elements of
1217:
Oxford Institute of Methodist Theological Studies website,
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699:) in practice. They may tend to favour liturgy such as the
258:
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united church) in 1947. In the 1990s a small number of
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compiled by Richard Mammana and Cynthia McFarland for
532:. Many low-church parishes are strongly influenced by
746:(e.g., baptismal regeneration) and lay stress on the
634:
Both terms were revived in the 19th century when the
1176:, article by Gerard O’Connell dated February 2, 2024
1325:
810:Church (British and Australia Conferences) and the
1253:. London: Oxford U. P.; Low Churchmen, p. 824
775:in Asia have merged with Protestant churches. The
1133:, article by Peter Webster dated February 7, 2018
619:, back into the Church of England ended with the
2114:
1219:The Notion of Covenant as ecumenical instrument
1311:
1251:The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church
1233:"Church of Ireland/Methodist Church Covenant"
1159:"Church of England/Methodist Church Covenant"
1145:"Church of England/Methodist Church Covenant"
450:
986:Episcopal Church website, Glossary section,
833:
650:At the same time, Latitudinarian changed to
477:refers to those who give little emphasis to
1514:
761:
27:Christian denominations without much ritual
1318:
1304:
1076:, article by H Barton dated April 20, 2016
457:
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1074:Gleaning - What is Reformed Anglicanism?
1047:
1030:
1028:
1026:
1024:
1002:What are 'High Church' and 'Low Church'?
826:of Churches in Pakistan merged into the
767:United churches with Protestants in Asia
631:, the term eventually fell into disuse.
571:
551:
2138:Evangelicalism in the Church of England
1189:Scottish Churches' First Steps to Union
1014:The Anglican Church of Canada website,
497:" denotes an emphasis on ritual, often
14:
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1805:Conditional preservation of the saints
1614:
1204:Kirk Rejects Move to form Super-Church
932:Conservative Evangelicalism in Britain
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1613:
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1021:
1284:Igreja Anglicana Reformada do Brasil
1221:, article by Gillian Kingston (2013)
31:
2143:Protestantism-related controversies
1691:Christian views on the Old Covenant
1339:
485:. The term is most often used in a
24:
1243:
540:, resulting in a tradition called
417:North American Anglican Conference
25:
2154:
1664:
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888:In the 1990s and early 2000s the
840:Methodist Church of Great Britain
814:denominations merged to form the
799:churches joined also the union.
607:Low churchmen wished to tolerate
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1172:America Jesuit Review website,
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263:Medieval cathedral architecture
237:First seven ecumenical councils
1893:Separation of church and state
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1115:Church of Bangladesh website,
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993:
979:
942:Church of England (Continuing)
283:Dissolution of the monasteries
13:
1:
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375:Anglican Consultative Council
124:Chicago–Lambeth Quadrilateral
1974:Baptism with the Holy Spirit
1206:, article dated May 20, 2003
962:Provincial episcopal visitor
401:Continuing Anglican movement
397:Other Anglican Denominations
360:Anglican Communion Primates'
7:
2010:Christian reconstructionism
1778:Priesthood of all believers
1072:Reformed Anglican website,
910:
905:Methodist Church in Ireland
623:for the most part. Though
10:
2159:
1249:Cross, F. L. (ed.) (1957)
1129:Fulcrum Anglican website,
1000:Compelling Truth website,
873:In the Church of England,
695:(although not necessarily
352:Anglican Communion history
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890:Scottish Episcopal Church
834:Great Britain and Ireland
771:Several provinces of the
671:of the period before the
45:This article needs to be
1911:Confessional Lutheranism
1187:Christian Post website,
1016:“High” and “Low” Church
762:Ecumenical relationships
720:charismatic Christianity
356:Archbishop of Canterbury
2133:Evangelical Anglicanism
1773:Protestant ecclesiology
1516:Eastern Orthodox Church
1058:Encyclopædia Britannica
947:Evangelical Anglicanism
542:Evangelical Anglicanism
433:Christianity portal
255:Augustine of Canterbury
2123:Anglican Churchmanship
2063:Wesleyan Quadrilateral
2053:Imparted righteousness
1936:Lutheran scholasticism
1790:Protestant Soteriology
1202:The Scotsman website,
856:United Reformed Church
804:Church of the Brethren
621:Act of Toleration 1689
585:
569:
247:Background and history
2128:Christian terminology
1951:Theology of the Cross
1392:Immaculate Conception
1269:Catholic Encyclopedia
1089:Church of South India
927:Central churchmanship
879:Roman Catholic Church
816:Church of North India
777:Church of South India
708:Book of Common Prayer
660:. The revival of pre-
575:
555:
413:Congress of St. Louis
409:Bartonville Agreement
167:Book of Common Prayer
2058:Second work of grace
2048:Christian perfection
1916:Evangelical Catholic
1800:Conditional election
1718:Evangelical theology
1357:Apostolic succession
1101:Britannica website,
1087:Britannica website,
756:Thirty-Nine Articles
691:in their belief and
641:evangelical Anglican
615:, and in particular
538:religious experience
526:contemporary worship
405:Anglican realignment
267:Apostolic succession
146:Ministry and worship
112:Thirty-nine Articles
1989:Prosperity theology
1820:Unlimited atonement
1532:Cataphatic theology
1437:Papal infallibility
1382:Ecumenical Councils
812:Disciples of Christ
636:Tractarian movement
493:emphasis, whereas "
383:Ordination of women
275:English Reformation
251:Celtic Christianity
2025:Lordship salvation
1931:Lutheran orthodoxy
1883:Believer's baptism
1616:Oriental Orthodoxy
1527:Apophatic theology
1487:Transubstantiation
1372:Christian humanism
1362:Assumption of Mary
1327:Christian theology
1289:2010-05-02 at the
1103:Church of Pakistan
894:Church of Scotland
828:Church of Pakistan
773:Anglican Communion
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506:established church
489:sense, denoting a
367:Lambeth Conference
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162:King James Version
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1888:Immersion baptism
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1647:Aphthartodocetism
1605:
1604:
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937:Church of England
917:Anglo-Catholicism
901:Church of Ireland
848:Church of England
846:overtures to the
838:In the 1960s the
820:United Methodists
781:Congregationalist
713:Diocese of Sydney
639:equivalent of an
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327:Anglo-Catholicism
287:Church of England
116:Books of Homilies
108:Anglican doctrine
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16:(Redirected from
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387:Windsor Report
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323:Latitudinarian
303:Richard Hooker
299:Matthew Parker
279:Thomas Cranmer
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2018:
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1979:Faith healing
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1457:Real presence
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852:General Synod
849:
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617:Presbyterians
614:
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579:
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512:(such as the
511:
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177:Churchmanship
174:
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48:
43:
34:
33:
30:
19:
1956:Two kingdoms
1864:
1850:Broad church
1759:
1752:
1745:
1738:
1731:
1726:
1637:Monoenergism
1627:Miaphysitism
1329:by tradition
1267:
1264:"Low Church"
1250:
1227:
1218:
1212:
1203:
1197:
1188:
1182:
1173:
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1056:
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1001:
995:
987:
981:
922:Broad church
899:In 2002 the
898:
887:
872:
864:
837:
801:
789:Presbyterian
770:
741:
724:
717:
706:
700:
696:
693:conservative
682:
665:
653:broad church
651:
649:
633:
624:
606:
599:
593:
589:
587:
576:"Low Church
522:
503:
474:
468:
315:William Laud
217:Christianity
206:Jesus Prayer
184:
165:
54:
46:
29:
2001:(Calvinist)
1984:Glossolalia
1860:High church
1740:Sola gratia
1582:Tabor Light
1567:Proskynesis
1552:Metousiosis
1547:Gnomic will
1432:Natural law
1407:Josephology
1397:Indulgences
952:High Church
883:See of Rome
797:Pentecostal
752:Protestants
697:traditional
689:Evangelical
662:Reformation
613:Separatists
601:high church
518:high church
510:Anglicanism
495:high church
295:Elizabeth I
198:Monasticism
81:Anglicanism
2117:Categories
2084:Anabaptism
2020:Free Grace
1865:Low church
1497:Veneration
1442:Priesthood
1352:Absolution
1117:Who We Are
988:Low Church
973:References
844:ecumenical
735:sacraments
685:Protestant
679:Modern use
629:Dissenters
625:Low church
590:low church
564:showing a
514:episcopate
491:Protestant
487:liturgical
483:conversion
475:low church
271:Henry VIII
132:Sacraments
18:Low Church
2079:Adventism
1999:Reformed
1795:Assurance
1733:Sola fide
1686:Adiaphora
1597:Theotokos
1577:Symphonia
1572:Sobornost
1562:Phyletism
1472:Sainthood
1467:Sacrament
1447:Purgatory
1427:Modernism
1417:Mariology
967:Ritualism
824:Lutherans
808:Methodist
727:Calvinist
667:ritualist
658:orthodoxy
588:The term
562:engraving
558:broadside
530:Eucharist
379:Ecumenism
311:Charles I
291:Edward VI
158:Eucharist
57:July 2017
2040:Wesleyan
1903:Lutheran
1832:Anglican
1557:Phronema
1387:Filioque
1367:Dogmatic
1287:Archived
911:See also
868:Baptists
858:and the
785:Reformed
731:Reformed
578:Devotion
560:with an
471:Anglican
363:Meetings
150:Ministry
99:Theology
73:a series
71:Part of
1946:Pietism
1921:Haugean
1875:Baptist
1730: (
1678:General
1592:Theosis
1587:Theoria
1537:Economy
1482:Thomism
1477:Scotism
1412:Liturgy
1266:in the
1046::
793:Baptist
737:confer
609:Puritan
584:, 1852)
371:Bishops
331:Liberal
307:James I
189:Central
47:updated
1040:
479:ritual
225:Christ
202:Saints
2072:Other
2015:TULIP
1727:solae
1725:Five
842:made
748:Bible
739:grace
705:over
566:Janus
222:Jesus
193:Broad
154:Music
1422:Mass
822:and
795:and
787:and
259:Bede
229:Paul
181:High
136:Mary
1055:".
729:or
580:" (
469:In
185:Low
2119::
1023:^
907:.
862:.
783:,
722:.
675:.
544:.
501:.
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187:,
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329:(
195:)
179:(
170:)
164:(
59:)
55:(
49:.
20:)
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