Louis XVIII - Knowledge

930: 780: 2261: 2024: 722: 635: 12313: 396: 49: 12248: 12180: 2281: 7562: 2352: 5800: 1445:. In July, Louis XVIII and his nephew departed for Sweden for a Bourbon family conference, where Louis XVIII, the Count of Artois, and the Duke of Angoulême issued a statement condemning Napoleon's move. When the King of Prussia decreed that Louis XVIII would have to leave Prussian territory, and hence Warsaw, Tsar Alexander I invited Louis XVIII to resume residence in Jelgava, which he did. However, having to live under less generous conditions than those enjoyed under Paul I, Louis XVIII decided to embark for England as soon as possible. 7684: 7675: 12054: 2219: 1578: 11712: 1860: 1842: 2170: 1456:. Accordingly, in 1805 he reformulated his public policies with a view to reclaiming his throne, issuing a declaration that was far more liberal than his earlier pronouncements. This repudiated his Declaration of Verona, promised to abolish conscription, retain the Napoleonic administrative and judicial system, reduce taxes, eliminate political prisons, and guarantee amnesty to everyone who did not oppose a Bourbon Restoration. The opinions expressed in the declaration were largely those of 13451: 2373: 791: 7330: 1492: 1758: 2459: 2438: 2412: 1636: 2474: 3075: 2240: 1680: 12278: 1904:

property, although they eventually received repayment in the form of bonds. The Catholic Church was favoured. The electorate was limited to the richest men in France, most of whom had supported Napoleon. In foreign policy he removed Talleyrand, and continued most of Napoleon's policies in peaceful fashion. He kept to the policy of minimizing Austria's role but reversed Napoleon's friendly overtures to Spain and the Ottomans.

12223: 13439: 2316: 1268: 922:. This provided the Count of Provence, who abhorred the radical reforms proposed by Calonne, his long-awaiting opportunity to establish himself in politics. The reforms proposed a new property tax, and new elected provincial assemblies which would have a say in local taxation. Calonne's proposition was rejected outright by the notables, and, as a result, Louis XVI dismissed him. The Archbishop of Toulouse, 903:, Countess of Balbi, entered the service of Marie Joséphine. Louis Stanislas soon fell in love with his wife's new lady-in-waiting and installed her as his mistress, which resulted in the couple's already limited affection for each other cooling entirely. Louis Stanislas commissioned a pavilion for his mistress on a parcel of land at Versailles which became known as the 13427: 771:, who had not yet consummated their marriage. The Dauphin and Louis Stanislas did not enjoy a harmonious relationship and often quarrelled, as did their wives. Louis Stanislas did impregnate his wife in 1774, having conquered his aversion. However, the pregnancy ended in a miscarriage. A second pregnancy in 1781 also miscarried, and the marriage remained childless. 2020:, was assassinated at the Paris Opera on 14 February 1820. The royal family was grief-stricken and Louis broke an ancient tradition by attending his nephew's funeral, whereas previous kings of France could not have any association with death. The death of the Duke of Berry meant that the House of Orleans was more likely to succeed to the throne. 1900:

ordered the delegation to espouse King Louis' cause. The King entered Paris on 8 July to a boisterous reception: the Tuileries Palace gardens were thronged with bystanders, and, according to the Duke of Wellington, the acclamation of the crowds there were so loud during that evening that he could not converse with the King.

999:, which was quite unfavourable to the nobles and magistrates. The clergy also joined the provincial cause, and condemned Brienne's tax reforms. Brienne conceded defeat in July and agreed to a convocation of the Estates-General to meet in 1789. He resigned from his post in August and was replaced by the Swiss magnate 1358:. The Queen refused to leave her friend behind, creating an unpleasant situation that rivalled the wedding in notoriety. Louis XVIII knew that his nephew Louis-Antoine was not compatible with Marie-Thérèse. Despite this, he still pressed for the marriage, which proved to be quite unhappy and produced no children. 763:) or his unwillingness to sleep with his wife due to her poor personal hygiene. She never brushed her teeth, plucked her eyebrows, or used any perfumes. At the time of his marriage, Louis Stanislas was obese and waddled instead of walked. He never exercised and continued to eat enormous amounts of food. 1903:

Although the Ultra faction of returning exiles wanted revenge and were eager to punish the usurpers and restore the old regime, the new king rejected that advice. He instead called for continuity and reconciliation, and a search for peace and prosperity. The exiles were not given back their lands and

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stating that those who served the Emperor in the Hundred Days would not be persecuted, except for the "instigators". It was also acknowledged that Louis's government might have made mistakes during the First Restoration. King Louis was worried that the counter-revolutionary element sought revenge. He

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A luxurious ball followed the wedding on 20 May. Louis Stanislas found his wife repulsive; she was considered ugly, tedious, and ignorant of the customs of the court of Versailles. The marriage remained unconsummated for years. Biographers disagree about the reason. The most common theories propose

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On 29 June, a deputation of five from among the members of the Chamber of Deputies and the Chamber of Peers approached Wellington about putting a foreign prince on the throne of France. Wellington rejected their pleas outright, declaring that " the best way to preserve the integrity of France" and

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called Louis XVIII to the throne on the condition that he would accept a constitution that entailed recognition of the Republic and the Empire, a bicameral parliament elected every year, and the tri-colour flag of the aforementioned regimes. Louis XVIII opposed the senate's constitution and stated

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Louis XVIII encouraged his niece to write her memoirs, as he wished them to be used as Bourbon propaganda. In 1796 and 1803, Louis also used the diaries of Louis XVI's final attendants in the same way. In January 1801, Tsar Paul told Louis XVIII that he could no longer live in Russia. The court at

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Despite the fact that Louis Stanislas was not infatuated with his wife, he boasted that the two enjoyed vigorous conjugal relations – but such declarations were held in low esteem by courtiers at Versailles. He also proclaimed his wife to be pregnant merely to spite Louis Auguste and his wife

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In April 1771, when he was 15, Louis Stanislas's education was formally concluded, and his own independent household was established, which astounded contemporaries with its extravagance: in 1773, the number of his servants reached 390 In the same month his household was founded, Louis was granted

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Louis Stanislas was an intelligent boy, excelling in the classics. His education was of the same quality and consistency as that of his older brother, Louis Auguste, despite the fact that Louis Auguste was heir and Louis Stanislas was not. Louis Stanislas's education was quite religious in nature;

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The King was reluctant to shed blood, and this greatly irritated the ultra-reactionary Chamber of Deputies, who felt that Louis was not executing enough. The government issued a proclamation of amnesty to the "traitors" in January 1816, but such trials as had already begun took their course. That

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The King's role in politics was voluntarily diminished; he assigned most of his duties to his council. During the summer of 1815, he and his ministry embarked on a series of reforms. The Royal Council, an informal group of ministers that advised Louis, was dissolved and replaced by a tighter knit

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were determined not to let the exchequer fall into deficit (there was a 75 million franc debt inherited from Napoleon I), and took fiscal measures to ensure this. Louis XVIII assured the French that the unpopular taxes on tobacco, wine and salt would be abolished when he was restored, but he

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that formally ended Napoleon's Hundred Days. The previous treaty had been quite favourable to France, but this one took a hard line. France's borders were now less extensive, being drawn back to their 1790 extent. France had to pay for an army to occupy her, for at least five years, at a cost of

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The Count of Artois ruled as Lieutenant-General of the Kingdom until his brother's arrival in Paris on 3 May. Upon his return, the King displayed himself to his subjects by staging a procession through the city. He took up residence in the Tuileries Palace the same day. His niece, the Duchess of

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and he sent some money to Louis, whose court-in-exile was not only being spied on by Napoleonic agents but was also being forced to make significant economies, financed as it was mainly from interest owed by the Emperor Francis II on valuables his aunt, Marie Antoinette, had removed from France.

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Itinéraire historique, géographique, topographique, statistique, pittoresque et bibliographique de la vallée de Montmorency, a partir de la porte Saint-Denis a Pontoise inclusivement: Contenant la description complète de la ville de St.-Denis ... : suivie de la biographie des rois, reines,

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Louis returned to France promptly after Napoleon's defeat to ensure his second restoration "in the baggage train of the enemy", i.e. with Wellington's troops. The Duke of Wellington used King Louis' person to open up the route to Paris, as some fortresses refused to surrender to the Allies, but

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Louis Stanislas lived a quiet and sedentary lifestyle at this point, not having a great deal to do since his self-proclaimed political exclusion in 1774. He kept himself occupied with his vast library of over 11,000 books at Balbi's pavilion, reading for several hours each morning. In the early

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In 1818, the Chambers passed a military law that increased the size of the army by over 100,000. In October of the same year, Louis's foreign minister, the Duke of Richelieu, succeeded in convincing the Allied Powers to withdraw their armies early in exchange for a sum of over 200 million

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to depose Murat in February 1815, when it was learned that Murat corresponded with Napoleon, which was explicitly forbidden by a recent treaty. In fact, Murat never did actually write to Napoleon, but Louis, intent on restoring the Neapolitan Bourbons at any cost, had taken care to have such a

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per year in tax, and be over the age of forty. The King would appoint peers to the Chamber of Peers on a hereditary basis, or for life at his discretion. Deputies would be elected every five years, with one fifth of them up for election each year. There were 90,000 citizens eligible to vote.

1117:. In March 1791, the National Assembly created a law outlining the regency of Louis Charles in case his father died while he was still too young to reign. This law awarded the regency to Louis Charles' nearest male relative in France (at that time the Count of Provence), and after him, the 2092:. As a historical footnote, the young science of disinfection had advanced in the early 1820s to the point where it was recognized that chlorides of lime could be used to both eliminate smells and slow decomposition. The body of Louis XVIII was washed with chlorides by a French scientist, 1014:). The notables rejected the "dual representation" proposal. Louis Stanislas was the only notable to vote to increase the size of the Third Estate. Necker disregarded the notables' judgment, and convinced Louis XVI to grant the extra representation. The king duly obliged on 27 December. 1543:

In 1813, Louis XVIII issued another declaration from Hartwell. The Declaration of Hartwell was even more liberal than his Declaration of 1805, asserting that those who had served Napoleon or the Republic would not suffer repercussions for their acts, and that the original owners of the

814:. Louis Stanislas longed for political influence. He attempted to gain admittance to the King's council in 1774, but failed. Louis Stanislas was left in a political limbo that he called "a gap of 12 years in my political life". Louis XVI granted Louis Stanislas revenues from the 1627:, confiscated during the Revolution, would be compensated. The constitution had 76 articles. Taxation was to be voted on by the chambers. Catholicism was to be the official religion of France. To be eligible for membership in the Chamber of Deputies, one had to pay over 1,000 1896:

promised to grant a constitution that would guarantee the public debt, freedom of the press and of religion, and equality before the law. It would guarantee the full property rights of those who had purchased national lands during the revolution. He kept his promises.

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proclaimed that their objective was to invade France. Louis XVI was greatly annoyed by his brothers' behaviour. Provence sent emissaries to various European courts asking for financial aid, soldiers, and munition. Artois secured a castle for the court in exile in the

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Louis XVIII's underestimation of Bonaparte proved disastrous. On 19 March, the army stationed outside Paris defected to Bonaparte, leaving the city vulnerable to attack. That same day, Louis XVIII quit the capital with a small escort at midnight, first travelling to

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that he was "disbanding the current senate in all the crimes of Bonaparte, and appealing to the French people". The senatorial constitution was burned in a theatre in royalist Bordeaux, and the Municipal Council of Lyon voted for a speech that defamed the senate.

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on 1 March. Louis XVIII was not particularly worried by Bonaparte's excursion, as such small numbers of troops could be easily overcome. There was, however, a major underlying problem for the Bourbons: Louis XVIII had failed to purge the military of its

1321:(now Latvia). The Tsar also guaranteed Louis' safety and bestowed on him a generous pension, though later discontinued payment. Marie-Thérèse finally joined Louis XVIII at Jelgava in 1799. In the winter of 1798–1799, Louis XVIII wrote a biography of 1237:. Thus on 16 June, the princes-in-exile declared the Count of Provence "King Louis XVIII". The new king accepted their declaration soon after and busied himself drafting a manifesto in response to Louis XVII's death. The manifesto, known as the " 1198:

in August 1791, which urged Europe to intervene in France if Louis XVI or his family were threatened. Provence's endorsement of the declaration was not well received in France, either by the ordinary citizens or by Louis XVI himself.

2016:, Louis-Philippe d'Orléans, and took every opportunity to snub him, denying him the title of "Royal Highness", partly out of resentment for the Duke's father's role in voting for Louis XVI's execution. Louis XVIII's nephew, 2047:

to accede to the throne. On 12 June 1820, the Chambers ratified legislation that increased the number of deputies from 258 to 430. The extra deputies were to be elected by the wealthiest quarter of the population in each

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Count of Artois. Louis always dreaded the day he would die, believing that his brother, and heir, Artois, would abandon the centrist government for an ultra-royalist autocracy, which would not bring favourable results.

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and died a few days later on 10 May, aged 64. Louis Stanislas' elder brother, the Dauphin Louis Auguste, succeeded their grandfather as King Louis XVI. As eldest brother of the King, Louis Stanislas received the title

668:, as he was her favourite among his siblings. Louis Stanislas was taken away from his governess when he turned seven, the age at which the education of boys of royal blood and of the nobility was turned over to men. 1241:", was Louis XVIII's attempt to introduce the French people to his politics. The Declaration of Verona beckoned France back into the arms of the monarchy, "which for fourteen centuries was the glory of France". 1369:

Jelgava was so low on funds that it had to auction some of its possessions to afford the journey out of Russia. Marie-Thérèse even sold a diamond necklace that the Emperor Paul had given her as a wedding gift.

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were convened in May 1789 to ratify financial reforms. The Count of Provence favoured a stalwart position against the Third Estate and its demands for tax reform. On 17 June, the Third Estate declared itself a

13400: 1955:, which saw the purge of all important Napoleonic officials from government, along with the execution or assassination of others. Popular vengeance led to barbarous acts against some of these officials. 1406:, a contemporary living there at the time, the Prussian local authorities, wishing to honour the arrivals, had music played, but trying to give this a national and patriotic character, unwittingly chose 1963:. Louis publicly deplored such illegal acts, but vehemently supported the prosecution of those marshals of the army who had helped Napoleon in the Hundred Days. Louis's government executed Napoleon's 929: 669: 10714: 2088:, both dry and wet, in his legs and spine. Louis died on 16 September 1824 surrounded by the extended royal family and some government officials. He was succeeded by his youngest brother, the 1248:, the son of the Count of Artois. Louis XVIII deceived his niece by telling her that her parents' last wishes were for her to marry Louis-Antoine, and she duly agreed to Louis XVIII's wishes. 12377: 1331:. Moreover, being surrounded at Jelgava with many old courtiers, he attempted to recreate the court life of Versailles, re-establishing various of the former court ceremonies, including the 926:, acquired Calonne's ministry. Brienne attempted to salvage Calonne's reforms, but ultimately failed to convince the notables to approve them. A frustrated Louis XVI dissolved the assembly. 880:

excluded women from acceding to the throne of France. However, Louis Stanislas did not remain heir to the throne much longer. On 22 October 1781, Marie Antoinette gave birth to the Dauphin

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Louis XVIII admitted the Count of Artois and his nephews the Dukes of Angoulême and of Berry to the Royal Council in May 1814, upon its establishment. The council was informally headed by

2039:(God-given) by the Bourbons because he was thought to have secured the future of the dynasty. However the Bourbon succession was still in doubt. The Chamber of Deputies proposed amending 1927:

In August, elections for the Chamber of Deputies returned unfavourable results for Talleyrand. The ministry hoped for moderate deputies, but the electorate voted almost exclusively for

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Louis XVIII was forced once again to leave Jelgava when Tsar Alexander informed him that his safety could not be guaranteed in continental Europe. In July 1807, Louis boarded a Swedish

1924:, i.e. Prime Minister of France. On 14 July, the ministry dissolved the units of the army deemed "rebellious". Hereditary peerage was re-established by the ministry at Louis' behest. 12076: 1938:

The Duchess of Angoulême and the Count of Artois pressured King Louis for the dismissal of his obsolete ministry. Talleyrand tendered his resignation on 20 September. Louis chose the

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Louis XVIII succeeded in getting the Neapolitan Bourbons restored immediately. Parma, however, was bestowed upon Empress Marie-Louise for life, and the Parma Bourbons were given the

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failed to do so, which led to rioting in Bordeaux. Expenditure on the army was slashed in the 1815 budget – in 1814, the military had accounted for 55% of government spending.

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several titles by his grandfather, Louis XV: Duke of Anjou, Count of Maine, Count of Perche, and Count of Senoches. During this period of his life he was often known by the title

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recommended that the Estates should be the same as they were at the last assembly, in 1614 (this would mean that the clergy and nobility would have more representation than the

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drilled into young Louis Stanislas and his brothers the way he thought princes should "know how to withdraw themselves, to like to work," and "to know how to reason correctly".

173: 1365:), urging him to restore the Bourbons to their throne, but the future emperor was impervious to this idea and continued to consolidate his own position as ruler of France. 918:(the members consisted of magistrates, mayors, nobles and clergy) was convened in February 1787 to ratify the financial reforms sought by the Controller-General of Finance 1540:, initiating a war which would prove to be the turning point in his fortunes. The expedition failed miserably, and Napoleon was forced to retreat with an army in tatters. 1521:

The Count of Artois did not join the court-in-exile in Hartwell, preferring to continue his frivolous life in London. Louis's friend the Count of Avaray left Hartwell for

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In 1803, Napoleon tried to force Louis XVIII to renounce his right to the throne of France, but Louis refused. In May the following year, 1804, Napoleon declared himself

1712:(set up to redraw the map of Europe after Napoleon's demise). Talleyrand represented France at the proceedings. Louis was horrified by Prussia's intention to annex the 2052:. These individuals now effectively had two votes. Around the same time as the "law of the two votes", Louis began to receive visits every Wednesday from a lady named 1979:

from owning property in, or entering, France. It is estimated that between 50,000 – 80,000 officials were purged from the government during what was known as the

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On 9 June 1799, Marie-Thérèse married her cousin Louis-Antoine at the Jelgava Palace. Desperate to display to the world a united family, Louis XVIII ordered his wife

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On 5 May 1778, Dr. Lassonne, Marie Antoinette's private physician, confirmed her pregnancy. On 19 December 1778, the Queen gave birth to a daughter, who was named

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that would give France a Constitution. On 11 July, Louis XVI dismissed Necker, which led to widespread rioting across Paris. On 12 July, the sabre charge of the

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to be his new Prime Minister. Richelieu was chosen because he was acceptable to Louis' family and to the reactionary Chamber of Deputies. Louis dissolved the

1157:. The document gave him the regency in the event of his brother's death or inability to perform his role as king. He would join the other princes-in-exile at 7913: 12317: 7699: 13107: 8283: 1868: 1716:, to which he was attached because his mother was born a Saxon princess, and he was also concerned that Prussia would dominate Germany. He also wished the 969:(the nominal parliament of France). Louis XVI and Brienne took a hostile stance against this rejection, and Louis XVI had to implement a "bed of justice" ( 5417: 1376:

to give her family refuge on Prussian territory. Though Louise consented, the Bourbons were forced to assume pseudonyms. With Louis XVIII using the title

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in Buckinghamshire, where over one hundred courtiers were housed. The King paid £500 in rent each year to the owner of the estate, Sir George Lee. The

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troops. This led to mass desertions from the Bourbon armies to Bonaparte's. Furthermore, Louis XVIII could not join the campaign against Napoleon in

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in 1814, Louis XVIII was placed in what he, and the French royalists, considered his rightful position. However, Napoleon escaped from his exile in

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Louis XVIII had been vying for the custody of his niece Marie-Thérèse since her release from the Temple Tower in December 1795. He succeeded when

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as his principal political advisor. Queen Marie Joséphine died on 13 November 1810. That same winter, Louis had a particularly severe attack of

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Genealogie ascendante jusqu'au quatrieme degre inclusivement de tous les Rois et Princes de maisons souveraines de l'Europe actuellement vivans

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and at times spelt as Comte de Lille. After an arduous journey from Jelgava, he and his family took up residence in the years 1801–1804 at the

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after his departure from Verona. He lived in a modest two-bedroom apartment over a shop. Louis XVIII was forced to leave Blankenburg when King

611:. He was christened Louis Stanislas Xavier six months after his birth, in accordance with Bourbon family tradition, being nameless before his 13643: 13578: 7613: 5695: 1044:

aimed at reaching a compromise with the new assembly. Louis XVI was characteristically indecisive. On 9 July, the assembly declared itself a

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It was very soon after their arrival that Louis and Marie-Thérèse learned of the death of Tsar Paul I. Louis hoped that Paul's successor,

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Frederking, Bettina (2008). "'Il ne faut pas être le roi de deux peuples': Strategies of National Reconciliation in Restoration France".

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Louis XVIII negotiated the release of Marie-Thérèse from her Paris prison in 1795. He desperately wanted her to marry her first cousin,

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In November 1788, a second Assembly of Notables was convened by Jacques Necker, to consider the makeup of the next Estates-General. The

13513: 13087: 12444: 11783: 2638: 2421: 1724:, as was being suggested by the Allies. Louis also protested at the Allies' inaction in Naples, where he wanted the Napoleonic usurper 1555:

Allied troops entered Paris on 31 March 1814. Louis, unable to walk, had sent the Count of Artois to France in January 1814 and issued

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in reaction to their arrest. This unrest was engineered by local magistrates and nobles, who enticed the people to revolt against the

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Berry was the only member of the family thought to be able to beget children. His wife gave birth to a posthumous son in September,

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At the time of his birth, Louis Stanislas was fourth in line to the throne of France, behind his father and his two elder brothers:

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Mansel, Philip (2011). "From Exile to the Throne: The Europeanization of Louis XVIII". In Mansel, Philip; Riotte, Torsten (eds.).

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appointing Artois Lieutenant-General of the Kingdom in the event of his being restored as king. On 11 April, five days after the

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Louis XVIII on a balcony of the Tuileries Palace receiving the Duke of Angoulême after his successful military campaign in Spain

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in France before the Revolution. As a constitutional monarch, Louis XVIII's royal prerogative was reduced substantially by the

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Angoulême, fainted at the sight of the Tuileries, where she had been imprisoned during the time of the French Revolution.

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However, Napoleon did not rule France again for very long, suffering a decisive defeat at the hands of the armies of the

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Louis XVIII was the last French monarch, and the only one after 1774, to die while still ruling. He was interred at the

1876: 1245: 876:. That the baby was a girl came as a relief to the Count of Provence, who kept his position as heir to Louis XVI, since 13395: 13385: 12149: 11455: 11105: 10041: 8642: 8060: 6802: 5119:

Genealogy up to the fourth degree inclusive of all the Kings and Princes of sovereign houses of Europe currently living

4937:[Chronological list of knights of the Order of the Holy Spirit from its origin to its extinction (1578-1830)]. 2854: 1118: 1106: 12774: 11985: 11960: 7879: 7779: 6759: 1076:, left France with his wife and children, along with many other courtiers. Artois and his family took up residence in 13508: 12769: 12110: 12071: 11617: 11248: 10278: 10229: 9960: 9955: 9940: 9923: 9918: 9913: 9908: 9780: 9755: 9383: 8212: 6792: 5262: 5241: 4935:"Liste chronologique des chevaliers de l'ordre du Saint-Esprit depuis son origine jusqu'à son extinction (1578-1830)" 3423: 2228: 1807: 1425:, would repudiate his father's banishment of the Bourbons, which he later did. Louis then intended to set off to the 752: 623:

was bestowed because it was typical of a prince of France; Stanislas was chosen to honour his great-grandfather King

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withdrew immediately from French soil. These generous terms would be reversed in the next Treaty of Paris after the

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It did not take Louis XVIII long to go back on one of his many promises. He and his Comptroller-General of Finance

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The Count of Provence decided to remain at Versailles. When the Royal Family plotted to abscond from Versailles to

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In his official acts as king, Louis XVIII dated the years of his reign from 1795, when his nephew Louis XVII died.

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of Paris refused to accept Brienne's proposals and declared that any new taxation would have to be approved by an

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Louis chose many centrist cabinets, as he wanted to appease the populace, much to the dismay of his brother, the

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were traitors to France. Their property and titles were confiscated. The monarchy of France was abolished by the

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declared war on the French Empire, defeated Napoleon again, and again restored Louis XVIII to the French throne.

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put a definite end to Napoleon Bonaparte's attempt to return to France and thus secured the Bourbon restoration.

1429:. The Count of Artois asked Louis to send his son, Louis-Antoine, and daughter-in-law, Marie-Thérèse, to him in 1040:

The Count of Provence urged the King to act strongly against the declaration, while the King's popular minister

865:. The four provincial tours that Louis Stanislas took before the year 1791 amounted to a total of three months. 13375: 12977: 12754: 11447: 10585: 10437: 10086: 9770: 9715: 9710: 9066: 8944: 8587: 8465: 8288: 7809: 7785: 7427: 6837: 6827: 6764: 6091: 4500:

Rooney, Jr., John W.; Reinerman, Alan J. (1986). "Continuity: French Foreign Policy of The First Restoration".

3025: 2974: 1721: 1279: 1121:, thus bypassing the Count of Artois. If Orleans were unavailable, the regency would be submitted to election. 744: 12382: 10152: 7369: 5819: 5594: 1607:

The Great Powers occupying Paris demanded that Louis XVIII implement a constitution. Louis responded with the

1552:(lands confiscated from the nobility and clergy during the Revolution) would be compensated for their losses. 1219:. This left his young son, Louis Charles, as the titular King. The princes-in-exile proclaimed Louis Charles " 815: 692: 13668: 13488: 13380: 11903: 11378: 11222: 11201: 11139: 11059: 10922: 10657: 10577: 10542: 10142: 10112: 8773: 8065: 7953: 7791: 7417: 7155: 6754: 2338: 2174: 1814:. Other leaders, most prominently Tsar Alexander I, debated whether in the case of a second victory over the 1663: 1572: 889: 499: 70: 11813: 11803: 10490: 9720: 9453: 9352: 9020: 5136: 684: 13092: 12779: 12676: 12167: 12144: 12089: 11975: 11918: 10805: 10737: 10132: 9870: 9045: 8793: 8708: 8420: 8132: 7269: 5380:

Sauvigny, G. de Bertier de (Spring 1981). "The Bourbon Restoration: One Century of French Historiography".

2916: 2612: 2137: 2131: 2122: 2044: 1616: 1230: 1171: 919: 13613: 13538: 12084: 10887: 7546: 7476: 6787: 4986: 1833:

on 18 June. The Allies came to the consensus that Louis XVIII should be restored to the throne of France.

1623:. The press would enjoy a degree of freedom, and there would be a provision that the former owners of the 1153:

of France. He exploited a document that he and Louis XVI had written before the latter's failed escape to

549:. Louis XVIII was the last king or emperor of France to die a reigning monarch: his successor, Charles X ( 48: 13588: 13543: 13194: 12819: 12714: 12593: 12573: 12484: 12413: 12235: 11733: 11500: 11193: 11046: 10534: 9171: 8873: 8607: 8561: 8556: 8329: 8273: 7988: 7528: 6713: 6058: 5824: 1434: 858: 13017: 12869: 11883: 11778: 11016: 8485: 7905: 7513: 1354:, to attend the wedding. Furthermore, she was to come without her long-time friend (and rumoured lover) 829:

Louis Stanislas travelled about France more than other members of the Royal Family, who rarely left the

736: 725: 322: 13518: 13417: 13329: 12884: 11863: 11087: 11036: 10968: 10868: 10652: 10561: 10348: 10187: 10117: 9928: 9810: 9544: 8949: 8833: 8536: 8268: 8090: 8016: 8002: 7981: 7740: 7236: 6736: 5717: 2674: 2360: 2093: 1956: 1652: 911:

1780s, he also incurred huge debts totalling 10 million livres, which his brother Louis XVI paid.

480: 12864: 12626: 11758: 9850: 9675: 9242: 7889: 7364: 5789: 1302:

died. In light of this, Marie-Thérèse decided to wait a while longer before reuniting with her uncle.

643: 13663: 13608: 13344: 12929: 12661: 12504: 12359: 12162: 11725: 11601: 11524: 11402: 11386: 10011: 9680: 9473: 9252: 9196: 9146: 9025: 8778: 8758: 8602: 8551: 8526: 8455: 8435: 8354: 8255: 8009: 7821: 7456: 7285: 5962: 5382: 1620: 1537: 384: 13239: 12784: 12616: 12392: 11773: 9267: 8898: 8878: 8688: 8374: 8110: 7899: 7536: 2056:, and ordered that nobody should disturb him while he was with her. It was rumoured that he inhaled 1109:, 5 October 1789. They were taken to Paris. There, the Count of Provence and his wife lodged in the 13533: 13052: 12899: 12854: 12184: 12179: 11923: 11753: 11743: 11556: 11540: 11418: 11333: 11180: 11164: 11067: 10841: 10405: 10006: 9790: 9630: 9448: 9247: 9191: 9186: 9121: 9050: 8918: 8818: 8657: 8597: 8445: 7946: 7721: 7244: 6980: 6637: 6024: 2942: 2514: 2292: 2269: 2181: 2032: 1355: 1066: 1011: 966: 616: 472: 12479: 9705: 9378: 8713: 5784: 5252: 3217: 3053:

Suffrage for the Chamber of Deputies was granted to adult males who paid 300 francs a year in tax.

1585: 1582:

Allegory of the Return of the Bourbons on 24 April 1814: Louis XVIII Lifting France from Its Ruins

13528: 12904: 12859: 12568: 12449: 12126: 11948: 11572: 11479: 11147: 10963: 10906: 10821: 10526: 10365: 10056: 9725: 9579: 9151: 9071: 8959: 8828: 8813: 8748: 8743: 8516: 8450: 8344: 8227: 7629: 7412: 7262: 7240: 6106: 5941: 5871: 5557: 5100: 5032: 2554: 1951:

Anti-Napoleonic sentiment was high in Southern France, and this was prominently displayed in the

1892: 1448:

As time went on, Louis XVIII realised that France would never accept an attempt to return to the

1373: 1233:, who was not considered a candidate for the throne because of France's traditional adherence to 1195: 1029: 503: 309: 12909: 12804: 11858: 10031: 9317: 9282: 8369: 1502:

In 1808, Louis brought his wife and queen, Marie Joséphine, to join him in England. His stay at

423:

in 1815. Before his reign, he spent 23 years in exile from France beginning in 1791, during the

12694: 12527: 12131: 11823: 11808: 11681: 11548: 11426: 11172: 11092: 10761: 10636: 10628: 10518: 10091: 10051: 10036: 10016: 9991: 9845: 9589: 9504: 9468: 9463: 9458: 9438: 9428: 9332: 9287: 9272: 8803: 8521: 8425: 8400: 8359: 8309: 8293: 7359: 7131: 6951: 6870: 6807: 6473: 6101: 4934: 2822: 2356: 2302: 2209: 2191: 2069: 1987: 1644: 1216: 900: 624: 453: 11638: 9996: 8683: 7122: 6966: 2732: 1361:

In 1800, Louis XVIII attempted to strike up a correspondence with Napoleon Bonaparte (by then

13234: 12548: 12499: 12434: 11965: 11848: 11838: 11716: 11711: 11609: 11564: 11317: 11264: 11082: 11072: 11011: 11001: 10996: 10753: 10609: 10257: 9795: 9695: 9559: 9554: 9549: 9499: 9388: 9312: 9302: 9136: 9076: 9005: 8838: 8788: 8723: 8718: 8395: 8222: 8105: 7633: 7598: 6987: 6946: 6941: 6865: 6847: 6817: 6797: 6463: 5579: 5112: 5052: 5048: 2796: 2249: 2072:. France succeeded in crushing the rebellion, in a campaign headed by the Duke of Angoulême. 2049: 1846:

Old Bumblehead the 18th trying on the Napoleon Boots – or, Preparing for the Spanish Campaign

1442: 1422: 1411: 661: 182: 109: 11293: 8728: 8324: 7561: 5015: 4602:"La dissolution de la 'Chambre Introuvable' (5 septembre 1816): coup d'état de Louis XVIII?" 1600: 1560: 13483: 13478: 13473: 13173: 13047: 12809: 12631: 12553: 12402: 12010: 12000: 11793: 11508: 11325: 11272: 11077: 10860: 10076: 10026: 9640: 9529: 9519: 9494: 9393: 9327: 9141: 9131: 9111: 9091: 9000: 8980: 8858: 8652: 8577: 8379: 7871: 7758: 7209: 7016: 6956: 6918: 6842: 6782: 6498: 6493: 6458: 6424: 6399: 6389: 5840: 4575: 2394: 2203: 2154: 2113: 1736:

correspondence forged, and subsidised the Austrian expedition with 25 million francs.

1403: 1395: 1226: 1220: 1125: 915: 893: 740: 710: 590: 278: 12489: 11970: 11888: 11041: 10986: 9700: 8954: 8823: 8763: 8662: 8592: 2700: 818:

in December 1774. The duchy was given to enhance Louis Stanislas's prestige. However, the

207: 191: 8: 13249: 13179: 13027: 12957: 12814: 12794: 12759: 12734: 12666: 12367: 11893: 11277: 11156: 10914: 10826: 10601: 10593: 10569: 10328: 10081: 9860: 9855: 9584: 9534: 9418: 9403: 9307: 9201: 9101: 9015: 8903: 8863: 8783: 8753: 8733: 8667: 8632: 8582: 8546: 8541: 8501: 8364: 8349: 8334: 8319: 8278: 8055: 7769: 7709: 7354: 7319: 7214: 7175: 7165: 7112: 7053: 7034: 6898: 6832: 6624: 6527: 6503: 6483: 6453: 6443: 6404: 6384: 6379: 6359: 6290: 6285: 6241: 6117: 5977: 5611: 5535: 3669:, Dictionnaire universel des noms propres, Dictionnaires Le Robert, Paris, 1988, p. 1017. 2488: 2383: 2328: 2141: 2089: 2011: 1980: 1952: 1944: 1933: 1864: 1815: 1612: 1533:, which was a recurring problem for him at Hartwell, and he had to take to a wheelchair. 1415: 1209: 1167: 1154: 1073: 885: 784: 688: 654: 546: 529: 520: 449: 428: 121: 12934: 12889: 9322: 8617: 8612: 8460: 6648: 1229:, still a minor, died in prison in June 1795. His only surviving sibling was his sister 1162: 12709: 12474: 12439: 12290: 12252: 12247: 11995: 11913: 11908: 11654: 11646: 11341: 11301: 11113: 11006: 10770: 10745: 10689: 10672: 10510: 10127: 10122: 10066: 10021: 9950: 9820: 9665: 9655: 9650: 9569: 9509: 9357: 9277: 9237: 9221: 9211: 9181: 9166: 9156: 9116: 9086: 9040: 8893: 8888: 8883: 8768: 8703: 8475: 8440: 8415: 8217: 8167: 8117: 8095: 8075: 8070: 7523: 7518: 7309: 7170: 7160: 7082: 7077: 7058: 6993: 6923: 6913: 6875: 6857: 6740: 6674: 6584: 6547: 6514: 6488: 6419: 6394: 6374: 6369: 6325: 6315: 6310: 5751: 5399: 5334: 5147: 4629: 3997: 3110: 2580: 2285: 2080:

Louis XVIII's health began to fail in the spring of 1824. He was experiencing obesity,

1976: 1971:, and the Duke de La Chatre advised him to inflict firm punishments on the "traitors". 1830: 1787: 1762: 1709: 1351: 1295: 1291: 1256: 1129: 945: 834: 602: 538: 468: 31: 13057: 12874: 12636: 12509: 12066: 12020: 10357: 8913: 8843: 8808: 8798: 6933: 6774: 1387: 460:

died in prison in June 1795, the Count of Provence claimed the throne as Louis XVIII.

13286: 13219: 13209: 13189: 12295: 11593: 11532: 11516: 11309: 10389: 10243: 10210: 9478: 9443: 9413: 9373: 9347: 9337: 9292: 9262: 9216: 9161: 9081: 9030: 9010: 8995: 8985: 8964: 8908: 8868: 8693: 8627: 8622: 8480: 8410: 8263: 8182: 8177: 7641: 7379: 7304: 7194: 7146: 7136: 6974: 6903: 6880: 6448: 6409: 6364: 6335: 6330: 6320: 5876: 5799: 5296: 5277: 5258: 5237: 5215: 5175: 4978: 4633: 4621: 3419: 2117: 1849: 1795: 1732: 1713: 1426: 1187: 1110: 1023: 988: 979:

of Paris, to ratify the desired reforms. On 8 May, two of the leading members of the

826:

a year, an amount much lower than it had been at its peak in the fourteenth century.

507: 492: 435: 424: 12844: 12543: 10833: 10733: 10680: 8934: 6822: 1647:

on 30 May 1814. The treaty gave France her 1792 borders, which extended east of the

13431: 13354: 13214: 13007: 13002: 12992: 12724: 12651: 12588: 12558: 12330: 12300: 12195: 11898: 11748: 11673: 11410: 11394: 11349: 11285: 11256: 11051: 10930: 10813: 10778: 10320: 10271: 10264: 10001: 9885: 9685: 9524: 9423: 9408: 9257: 9206: 9126: 9035: 8990: 8939: 8853: 8738: 8647: 8637: 8531: 8470: 8232: 7854: 7299: 7199: 7185: 7068: 6908: 6657: 6610: 6538: 6414: 6280: 6039: 5913: 5740: 5439: 5431: 5391: 5326: 5198: 4613: 2197: 1791: 1362: 1322: 1310: 1306: 1114: 1062: 768: 557: 354: 295: 13133: 10236: 9775: 7314: 5229: 5009: 4617: 3679: 1959:(a Napoleonic marshal) was savagely assassinated, and his remains thrown into the 1451: 830: 511: 444: 13455: 13279: 13067: 12744: 12739: 12704: 12454: 12058: 12053: 11955: 11878: 11768: 11738: 11097: 10973: 10698: 10644: 10445: 9880: 9815: 9800: 9690: 9574: 9564: 9539: 9514: 9342: 9176: 8698: 8506: 8430: 8405: 8157: 8045: 7969: 7860: 7349: 7011: 6434: 6300: 6275: 6259: 5543: 4891: 2224: 2120:

played Comte Louis de Provence prior to his accession in the 2006 motion picture

2057: 1928: 1783: 1608: 1577: 1547: 1515: 1407: 516: 12924: 10147: 5031:(1851), "Von Seiner Majestät dem Könige Friedrich Wilhelm III. ernannte Ritter" 4601: 4186: 13349: 13291: 13097: 12919: 12699: 12419: 12282: 12277: 12227: 12222: 12042: 11230: 10464: 10159: 10071: 10061: 9594: 9433: 9297: 9096: 8848: 8192: 8172: 8162: 8122: 7995: 7399: 6890: 6345: 6206: 5763: 5757: 5682: 5639: 5601: 5525: 5488: 2321: 2003: 1859: 1740: 1717: 1556: 1472: 1314: 1271: 1175: 1105:

The Royal Family was forced to leave the palace at Versailles on the day after

1041: 1000: 971: 873: 760: 732: 628: 607: 524: 476: 464: 416: 65: 8207: 5330: 5257:(paperback ed.). Thrupp, Stroud, Gloucestershire, UK: Sutton Publishing. 4969:[The Evolution of the Band of the Three Military Orders (1789-1826)]. 1960: 1841: 407:(Louis Stanislas Xavier; 17 November 1755 – 16 September 1824), known as 13467: 13443: 13363: 13334: 13204: 13022: 12799: 12641: 12537: 12429: 11990: 11933: 9635: 8339: 8197: 8127: 7219: 7003: 6305: 6231: 6196: 6161: 5564: 5121:] (in French). Bourdeaux: Frederic Guillaume Birnstiel. 1768. p. 11. 4982: 4625: 3086: 3081: 2127: 1992: 1909: 1725: 1503: 1476: 1433:, but the King did not do so at that time. Artois had an allowance from King 1399: 1146: 748: 545:. Louis had no children, and upon his death the crown passed to his brother, 12829: 790: 13370: 13315: 13229: 13184: 13012: 12894: 12686: 11843: 11828: 11798: 8187: 8023: 7866: 7803: 7204: 6683: 6226: 6216: 6211: 6191: 6186: 6131: 5652: 5029:

Liste der Ritter des Königlich Preußischen Hohen Ordens vom Schwarzen Adler

2149: 2109: 1752: 1656: 1282:, agreed to relinquish his custody of her in 1796. She had been staying in 953:

was responsible for ratifying the King's edicts; each province had its own

896:, in March 1785, Louis Stanislas slid further down the line of succession. 892:, the Queen's brother. When Marie Antoinette gave birth to her second son, 823: 589:, styled Count of Provence from birth, was born on 17 November 1755 in the 568: 534: 527:

faction. The following year, Louis dissolved the unpopular parliament (the

420: 13450: 7927: 1757: 1161:

soon after his escape. It was there that he, the Count of Artois, and the

638:

The Count of Provence and his brother Louis Auguste, Duke of Berry (later

13224: 13082: 12749: 12719: 11868: 11188: 10981: 9975: 9945: 9933: 9645: 7848: 7832: 7695: 7329: 7224: 6599: 6295: 6269: 6221: 6176: 6166: 6151: 6141: 5515: 4915: 2145: 1779: 937: 13322: 5202: 1818:, the Duke of Orleans should be proclaimed king instead of Louis XVIII. 1563:

had invited Louis to resume the throne of France, Napoleon I abdicated.

1491: 838: 519:, France's new constitution. His return in 1815 led to a second wave of 30:

This article is about the king of France. For the column in Calais, see

13128: 12967: 12583: 11938: 10413: 9660: 7657: 7087: 6573: 6552: 6354: 6264: 6246: 6171: 6156: 6136: 5998: 5779: 5668: 5500: 5470: 5338: 3099:. Vol. 17 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 47. 2463: 1964: 457: 253: 104: 12835: 6705: 5403: 2458: 2437: 2411: 1635: 12962: 12608: 12519: 12102: 11471: 7651: 7374: 7102: 7092: 6567: 6557: 6478: 6201: 6181: 6050: 5967: 5814: 5619: 5481: 2442: 2405:

The French line of succession upon the death of Louis XVIII in 1824.

2040: 1769:

On 26 February 1815, Napoleon Bonaparte escaped his island prison of

1679: 1468: 1430: 1383: 1234: 877: 639: 439: 10179: 5709: 2473: 1102:, Provence advised the King not to leave, a suggestion he accepted. 13310: 13305: 13244: 13123: 12997: 11763: 9625: 7842: 7468: 7384: 7340: 7097: 6593: 6562: 6468: 6250: 6126: 5908: 5395: 4921: 2085: 1651:. She had to pay no war indemnity, and the occupying armies of the 1318: 1287: 1202:

In January 1792, the Legislative Assembly declared that all of the

984: 819: 811: 806: 484: 10307: 7938: 3080:

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the

1948:

on 5 September 1816, after a rise in anti-monarchical sentiments.

1274:, Louis XVIII's residence from 1798 to 1801, and from 1804 to 1807 992: 434:

Until his accession to the throne of France, he held the title of

7254: 6146: 2245: 1888: 1773:

and embarked for France. He arrived with about 1,000 troops near

1522: 1464: 1191: 1183: 1158: 743:. Marie Joséphine (as she was known in France) was a daughter of 709:

On 17 December 1773, he was inaugurated as a Grand Master of the

627:

who was still alive at the time; and Xavier was chosen for Saint

612: 349: 1525:

in 1809, and died there in 1811. Louis replaced Avaray with the

1475:, on the Eastern coast of England. He then took up residence in 1343:(ceremonies that accompanied waking and bedding, respectively). 7044: 7026: 1774: 1731:

On behalf of the Allies, Austria agreed to send a force to the

1720:

to be restored to the Parma branch of the Bourbons, and not to

1628: 1391: 1283: 1267: 1150: 631:, whom his mother's family held as one of their patron saints. 498:

Louis XVIII ruled as king for slightly less than a decade. His

12378:

François Alexandre Frédéric, duc de la Rochefoucauld-Liancourt

7628: 5068:"Caballeros Existentes en la Insignie Orden del Toison de Oro" 4508: 1786:, because he was having another case of gout. Minister of War 1498:, Louis XVIII's court-in-exile from 1808 until the Restoration 419:

from 1814 to 1824, except for a brief interruption during the

12312: 3418:(in French). Paris: Librairie Académique Perrin. p. 15. 1811: 1803: 1648: 1077: 862: 4777: 4775: 2140:, the Count of Provence is portrayed by British-Irish actor 1708:. Louis XVIII took a large interest in the goings-on of the 759:

Louis Stanislas' alleged impotence (according to biographer

452:

abolished the monarchy and deposed Louis XVI, who was later

4967:"A Evolução da Banda das Três Ordens Militares (1789-1826)" 2081: 1991:

150 million francs per year. France also had to pay a

1770: 1530: 1099: 850: 670:

Antoine de Quélen de Stuer de Caussade, Duke of La Vauguyon

488: 12352: 5366:

France 1814-1919: the Rise of a Liberal Democratic Society

3286: 3284: 3142: 3140: 1418:

and Louis XVIII. They later apologised for their mistake.

751:(later King Victor Amadeus III of Sardinia), and his wife 12192: 4871: 4772: 4502:

Consortium on Revolutionary Europe 1750-1850: Proceedings

3750: 3468: 3456: 3359: 3125: 1986:

In November 1815, Louis's government had to sign another

5317:

Holroyd, Richard (1971). "The Bourbon Army, 1815-1830".

4094: 4070: 4058: 4010: 3942: 3798: 3337: 3335: 1794:(later King Louis Philippe I), the Count of Artois, and 1350:, who at the time was living apart from her husband in 783:

Louis Stanislas, Count of Provence, during the reign of

739:. The in-person ceremony was conducted on 14 May at the 491:

and restored his French Empire. Louis XVIII fled, and a

4939:

Annuaire-bulletin de la Société de l'histoire de France

4724: 4409: 3932: 3930: 3905: 3903: 3878: 3876: 3863: 3861: 3347: 3281: 3259: 3257: 3244: 3242: 3157: 3155: 3137: 2096:, permitting his corpse to be "presented to the public 1916:. Artois, Berry and Angoulême were purged from the new 537:. His reign was further marked by the formation of the 13574:

Grand Crosses of the Order of Saint Stephen of Hungary

13569:

Grand Crosses of the Order of Saint James of the Sword

5157:

Fenby, Jonathan (October 2015). "Return of the King".

4787: 4700: 4688: 4676: 4664: 4556: 4544: 4532: 4520: 4481: 4469: 4457: 4433: 4361: 4193: 3822: 3612: 3199: 3197: 3172: 3170: 1887:

agreed to do so for their king. King Louis arrived at

949:

of Paris in the hopes that they would be approved. (A

805:

On 27 April 1774, Louis XV fell ill after contracting

13415: 4847: 4835: 4823: 4811: 4799: 4640: 4337: 4325: 4313: 4301: 4229: 4217: 4154: 4142: 4082: 3983: 3981: 3966: 3774: 3762: 3738: 3726: 3714: 3690: 3648: 3636: 3588: 3576: 3540: 3528: 3444: 3432: 3332: 3320: 3308: 3296: 1615:, a legislature composed of a lower house styled the 1037:, an Assembly not of the Estates, but of the people. 679:, a friend of his father, was named as his governor. 13108:

List of people associated with the French Revolution

4760: 4748: 4736: 4712: 4652: 4499: 4445: 4421: 4397: 4385: 4373: 4349: 4205: 4166: 4130: 4118: 4106: 4046: 4034: 4022: 3954: 3927: 3915: 3900: 3888: 3873: 3858: 3846: 3834: 3810: 3786: 3624: 3600: 3564: 3552: 3516: 3504: 3492: 3480: 3395: 3383: 3371: 3254: 3239: 3227: 3152: 1967:

in December 1815 for treason. The King's confidants

1017: 13340:

Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen

10430:

Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen

4289: 4277: 4265: 4253: 4241: 3702: 3269: 3194: 3182: 3167: 2060:from her breasts, which earned her the nickname of 1290:relatives since January 1796. Louis XVIII moved to 1113:, while the rest of the Royal Family stayed in the 4859: 4189:. Imprimerie nationale – via gallica.bnf.fr. 3978: 975:), which automatically registered an edict in the 797:, Countess of Provence, Louis Stanislas' wife, by 1836: 13465: 12266:Frederick Louis, Prince of Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen 5316: 5072:Calendario manual y guía de forasteros en Madrid 2369: 1591: 660:Louis Stanislas found comfort in his governess, 13559:Grand Crosses of the Order of Christ (Portugal) 10138:England expects that every man will do his duty 5350:. London: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 181–213. 5138:France Under the Bourbon Restoration, 1814-1830 5047:. l'Académie Imp. des Sciences. 1817. pp. 1975:same declaration also banned any member of the 1124:The Count of Provence and his wife fled to the 961:of Paris was the most significant of all.) The 463:Following the French Revolution and during the 10308:Significant civil and political events by year 4187:"Bulletin des lois de la République française" 3215: 1728:removed in favour of the Neapolitan Bourbons. 1611:, which included many progressive provisions: 1251:Louis XVIII was forced to abandon Verona when 1128:in conjunction with the royal family's failed 683:several of his teachers were priests, such as 615:. By this act, he also became a Knight of the 13619:French royalty and nobility with disabilities 10195: 7954: 7614: 7484: 7270: 6721: 6066: 5725: 1059:Charles-Eugène de Lorraine, Prince de Lambesc 983:of Paris were arrested. There was rioting in 943:Brienne's reforms were then submitted to the 13361: 13320: 13296: 13277: 12261:Charles William Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick 5001: 1920:, and Talleyrand was appointed as the first 1545: 1449: 1377: 1338: 1332: 1326: 1203: 10948: 5008:Berlien, Johann Heinrich Friedrich (1846). 4960: 4958: 4956: 3111:"Louis XVIII (1755–1824) Le "Roi-fauteuil"" 2068:, where a revolt had occurred against King 1328:Réflexions historiques sur Marie Antoinette 1170:(or "Treves"), where their maternal uncle, 1080:, the capital city of his father-in-law's ( 13639:Legitimist pretenders to the French throne 12465:Alexandre-Théodore-Victor, comte de Lameth 10202: 10188: 7961: 7947: 7621: 7607: 7491: 7477: 7277: 7263: 6728: 6714: 6073: 6059: 5732: 5718: 5188: 5045:Almanach de la cour: pour l'année ... 1817 4514: 4002:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 3223:(in French). Paris: Bertrand. p. 218. 2064:(snuffbox). In 1823, France embarked on a 1995:of 700 million francs to the Allies. 1931:, resulting in what King Louis called the 1691:in English: "Louis XVIII, King of France" 1145:When the Count of Provence arrived in the 47: 12730:Louis Michel le Peletier de Saint-Fargeau 12388:Honoré Gabriel Riqueti, comte de Mirabeau 12211:Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany 5749:The first generation are the children of 4576:"France - France, 1815–1940 | Britannica" 3987: 1722:the former Empress Marie-Louise of France 934:Louis-Stanislas-Xavier, comte de Provence 774: 267:Louis Stanislas Xavier, Count of Provence 13649:French expatriates in the Russian Empire 13624:Recipients of the Order of Saint Lazarus 13162: 10446:Nationalization of the Church properties 7687:Imperial Eagle of the House of Bonaparte 5379: 4964: 4953: 4600:CORCIULO, MARIA SOFIA (1 January 2000). 4599: 3413: 3085: 2022: 1858: 1840: 1806:, and then crossing the border into the 1756: 1634: 1576: 1490: 1266: 928: 789: 778: 720: 633: 13391:Historiography of the French Revolution 12662:Antoine Christophe Merlin de Thionville 12373:Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette 6735: 6009:Prince Charles Ferdinand, Duke of Berry 6004:Prince Louis Antoine, Duke of Angoulême 5851:Prince Philippe Charles, Duke of Valois 5209: 5007: 4897:. London: Burgess and Hill. p. 152 4606:Parliaments, Estates and Representation 4185:texte, France Auteur du (1 July 1814). 3828: 3642: 3618: 3594: 3582: 3546: 3131: 1659:(Napoleon's return to France in 1815). 884:. Louis Stanislas and his brother, the 14: 13629:Burials at the Basilica of Saint-Denis 13604:Heirs presumptive to the French throne 13466: 12398:Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord 12353:Other significant figures and factions 8284:Planned invasion of the United Kingdom 6080: 5846:Prince Philippe Charles, Duke of Anjou 5354: 5345: 5250: 5169: 5065: 4932: 4889: 4793: 4706: 4694: 4682: 4670: 4562: 4550: 4538: 4487: 4475: 4463: 4439: 4367: 4343: 4331: 4319: 4307: 4235: 4223: 4160: 4148: 4088: 3972: 3780: 3768: 3756: 3744: 3732: 3720: 3696: 3654: 3630: 3606: 3570: 3558: 3534: 3522: 3510: 3498: 3486: 3474: 3462: 3450: 3438: 3401: 3389: 3377: 3365: 3353: 3341: 3326: 3314: 3302: 3290: 3275: 3263: 3248: 3233: 3203: 3188: 3176: 3161: 2896: 2776: 2772: 2762: 2654: 2544: 2540: 2103: 2100:" (emphasis in the original) in 1824. 1863:The royal family. From left to right: 1673:Gold coin of Louis XVIII, struck 1815 1566: 841:on the journey to meet her bridegroom 731:On 16 April 1771, Louis Stanislas was 601:. He was the grandson of the reigning 13654:Expatriates in the Kingdom of Prussia 13554:Knights of the Golden Fleece of Spain 13549:Extra Knights Companion of the Garter 13266: 13161: 12445:François-Marie, marquis de Barthélemy 12351: 12201:James Saumarez, 1st Baron de Saumarez 12140:Prince Josias of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld 12098:Friedrich Adolf, Count von Kalckreuth 11701: 10947: 10578:Paris Commune becomes insurrectionary 10306: 10209: 10183: 9966:Spanish American wars of independence 7942: 7602: 7472: 7258: 6709: 6054: 5739: 5713: 5530:7 July 1815 – 16 September 1824 5290: 5276:(Reprint ed.). USA: Bloomsbury. 5271: 5228: 5156: 5011:Der Elephanten-Orden und seine Ritter 4877: 4865: 4853: 4841: 4829: 4817: 4805: 4781: 4766: 4754: 4742: 4730: 4718: 4658: 4646: 4427: 4415: 4403: 4391: 4379: 4355: 4295: 4283: 4271: 4259: 4247: 4211: 4199: 4184: 4172: 4136: 4124: 4112: 4100: 4076: 4064: 4052: 4040: 4028: 4016: 3960: 3948: 3936: 3921: 3909: 3894: 3882: 3867: 3852: 3840: 3816: 3804: 3792: 3708: 3678: 3216:Flamand-Grétry, Louis Victor (1840). 3146: 2972: 2962: 2958: 2946: 2940: 2930: 2914: 2904: 2900: 2884: 2878: 2868: 2852: 2842: 2838: 2826: 2820: 2810: 2794: 2784: 2780: 2756: 2746: 2730: 2720: 2716: 2704: 2698: 2688: 2672: 2662: 2658: 2642: 2636: 2626: 2610: 2600: 2596: 2584: 2578: 2568: 2552: 2548: 1486: 924:Étienne Charles de Loménie de Brienne 861:while they were taking the waters at 833:. In 1774, he accompanied his sister 651:Louis Joseph Xavier, Duke of Burgundy 338: 13644:Expatriates in the Holy Roman Empire 13579:French politicians with disabilities 12599:Louis Marie de La Révellière-Lépeaux 12011:Claude Victor-Perrin, Duc de Belluno 11702: 10798:Insurrection of 12 Germinal Year III 7498: 6694:Debatable or disputed rulers are in 5363: 5145: 5134: 4526: 4451: 2208:Grand Master and Grand Croix of the 2202:Grand Master and Grand Croix of the 2196:Grand Master and Grand Croix of the 1873:Marie Thérèse, Duchesse of Angoulême 1506:did not last long; he soon moved to 1460:, Louis's closest advisor in exile. 1414:with unflattering allusions to both 888:, served as godfathers by proxy for 843:Charles Emmanuel, Prince of Piedmont 605:. As a son of the Dauphin, he was a 13267: 12206:Edward Pellew, 1st Viscount Exmouth 9951:Franco-Swedish War (Pomeranian War) 7968: 7930:from 1848-1873 as Louis Philippe II 5493:11 April 1814 – 20 March 1815 2144:. He is portrayed by British actor 1969:Charles François, Marquis de Bonnay 1698:in English: "20 Franc Piece, 1815" 1536:In 1812, Napoleon I embarked on an 1518:and extremely generous allowances. 1458:Antoine de Bésiade, Count of Avaray 666:Governess of the Children of France 24: 13564:Grand Crosses of the Order of Aviz 13396:Influence of the French Revolution 13386:Symbolism in the French Revolution 12150:Prince Heinrich XV of Reuss-Plauen 12111:Charles Eugene, Prince of Lambesc 10366:Convocation of the Estates General 7682: 7678:Coat of arms of the House of Capet 7673: 7560: 7328: 7284: 5825:Prince Jean Gaston, Duke of Valois 5310: 4965:Bragança, Jose Vicente de (2011). 2855:Christiane Eberhardine of Bayreuth 2397:, the necropolis of French kings. 1082:Carlo Emanuele Ferdinando Maria IV 1061:, against a crowd gathered at the 799:Jean-Baptiste André Gautier-Dagoty 737:Princess Maria Giuseppina of Savoy 25: 13680: 13514:People of the Bourbon Restoration 13038:Guillaume-Chrétien de Malesherbes 12770:Antoine Quentin Fouquier-Tinville 12072:Archduke Charles, Duke of Teschen 11854:François Christophe de Kellermann 11093:Battle of Peyrestortes (Pyrenees) 5411: 5373: 5149:Reaction and Revolution 1814-1832 4504:. Vol. 16. pp. 275–288. 1869:Marie Caroline, Duchesse of Berry 1808:United Kingdom of the Netherlands 1743:until the death of Marie-Louise. 1051:Régiment Royal–Allemand Cavalerie 1018:Outbreak of the French Revolution 870:Marie-Thérèse Charlotte de France 753:Maria Antonia Ferdinanda of Spain 13449: 13437: 13425: 12765:Philippe-Antoine Merlin de Douai 12672:Pierre Samuel du Pont de Nemours 12642:Lazare Nicolas Marguerite Carnot 12533:Jean-Marie Roland de la Platière 12311: 12276: 12246: 12221: 12178: 12052: 11929:Édouard Mortier, Duke of Trévise 11710: 10482:Civil Constitution of the Clergy 9826:Frederick William III of Prussia 9806:Michael Andreas Barclay de Tolly 5963:Prince Xavier, Duke of Aquitaine 5798: 5146:Artz, Frederick Binkerd (1938). 5135:Artz, Frederick Binkerd (1931). 5105: 5085: 5059: 5037: 5022: 4926: 4909: 4883: 4593: 4568: 4493: 3073: 2505:Charles Ferdinand, Duke of Berry 2498:Louis Antoine, Duke of Angoulême 2472: 2457: 2436: 2410: 2371: 2350: 2314: 2279: 2259: 2238: 2217: 2168: 1881:Charles Ferdinand, Duke of Berry 1877:Louis Antoine, Duke of Angoulême 1678: 1246:Louis Antoine, Duke of Angoulême 1072:On 16 July, the King's brother, 467:, Louis XVIII lived in exile in 394: 27:King of France from 1814 to 1824 13524:People of the French Revolution 13494:19th-century princes of Andorra 13103:Jean-Jacques Duval d'Eprémesnil 12850:Jacques-Nicolas Billaud-Varenne 12775:Philippe-François-Joseph Le Bas 11986:Jean-Mathieu-Philibert Sérurier 11981:Barthélemy Louis Joseph Schérer 11961:Catherine-Dominique de Pérignon 11789:Adam Philippe, Comte de Custine 10707:Marie Antoinette is guillotined 9946:Russo-Swedish War (Finnish War) 9876:Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies 7630:Pretenders to the French throne 6025:Prince Henri, Count of Chambord 5994:Louis Joseph, Dauphin of France 5755:; these males held the rank of 4178: 3672: 3660: 3407: 3209: 3047: 2451:Louis Joseph, Dauphin of France 2190:Grand Master and Knight of the 1792:Louis Philippe, Duke of Orleans 1746: 1619:and an upper house, styled the 1496:Hartwell House, Buckinghamshire 1479:in Essex, leased to him by the 1398:became part of the province of 1300:Frederick William II of Prussia 1107:the Women's March on Versailles 1055:(Royal German Cavalry Regiment) 573: 562: 556:1824–1830) abdicated; and both 551: 334: 13376:Women in the French Revolution 12978:Louis Antoine, Duke of Enghien 12155:Johann Mészáros von Szoboszló 11819:Pierre Marie Barthélemy Ferino 11448:French invasion of Switzerland 9861:Prince Regent John of Portugal 9771:Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor 9716:Frederick Augustus I of Saxony 9711:Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria 5958:Prince Louis, Duke of Burgundy 5942:Prince Philippe, Duke of Anjou 5899:Prince Louis, Duke of Brittany 5785:Nicolas Henri, Duke of Orléans 5691:Reason for succession failure: 5648:Reason for succession failure: 5274:Marie-Thérèse: Child of Terror 5128: 3988:Fiszerowa, Wirydianna (1998). 3103: 3066: 3038: 3026:List of works by James Pradier 2975:Wilhelmine Amalia of Brunswick 2066:military intervention in Spain 1891:on 26 June, where he released 1837:Second Restoration (from 1815) 1280:Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor 1182:bore fruit when the rulers of 1140: 872:and given the honorific title 687:, Bishop of Limoges; the Abbé 543:military intervention in Spain 533:), giving rise to the liberal 13: 1: 13659:French expatriates in England 13381:Incroyables and merveilleuses 13200:Pierre Claude François Daunou 12988:Louis Joseph, Prince of Condé 12119:Maximilian Baillet de Latour 12090:Friedrich Freiherr von Hotze 11387:Naval Engagement off Brittany 11140:Battle of Villers-en-Cauchies 11114:Battle of Truillas (Pyrenees) 10923:Constitution of the Year VIII 10658:Committee of General Security 10543:National Legislative Assembly 10398:National Constituent Assembly 9886:Prince Charles John of Sweden 5883:Prince Charles, Duke of Berry 5210:Hibbert, Christopher (1982). 5172:Marie Antoinette: The Journey 4618:10.1080/02606755.2000.9522104 3686:. Paris: Fayard. p. 508. 3060: 2400: 2339:Order of St. Alexander Nevsky 2090:Count of Artois, as Charles X 1592:First Restoration (1814–1815) 1573:Bourbon Restoration in France 1046:National Constituent Assembly 890:Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor 341:; died 1810) 54: 13499:18th-century peers of France 13299:Liberté, égalité, fraternité 13093:Charles Alexandre de Calonne 12983:Louis Henri, Prince of Condé 12880:Jean Baptiste Noël Bouchotte 12780:Marc-Guillaume Alexis Vadier 12470:Charles Malo François Lameth 12145:Peter Vitus von Quosdanovich 11976:Laurent de Gouvion Saint-Cyr 11919:Bon-Adrien Jeannot de Moncey 11119:Second Battle of Wissembourg 10806:Constitution of the Year III 7910:Napoléon VII Jean-Christophe 5856:Philippe II, Duke of Orléans 5357:The French Exiles, 1789-1815 5236:(in French). Fayard, Paris. 2917:Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor 2530: 2108:Louis XVIII is portrayed by 1854:French intervention in Spain 1382:, named after his estate in 1262: 1172:Clemens Wenceslaus of Saxony 920:Charles Alexandre de Calonne 853:and also his spinster aunts 655:Louis Auguste, Duke of Berry 448:. On 21 September 1792, the 7: 13594:Princes of France (Bourbon) 13504:18th-century French writers 13195:Charles-Augustin de Coulomb 12820:Antoine Christophe Saliceti 12755:Jean-Marie Collot d'Herbois 12715:Louis Antoine de Saint-Just 12594:Jean-Baptiste Robert Lindet 12579:Jérôme Pétion de Villeneuve 12574:Pierre Victurnien Vergniaud 12383:Isaac René Guy le Chapelier 12236:William V, Prince of Orange 11106:First Battle of Wissembourg 11063:(21 Dec 1792 - 25 May 1793) 10779:Closing of the Jacobin Club 10648:(27 Jun 1793 – 27 Jul 1794) 10605:(20 Sep 1792 – 26 Oct 1795) 10465:Abolition of the Parlements 10438:Women's March on Versailles 7770:Blancs d'Espagne succession 5820:Philippe I, Duke of Orléans 5688:8 June 1795 – 11 April 1814 5645:20 March 1815 – 7 July 1815 5141:. Harvard University Press. 3019: 1689:LOUIS XVIII, ROI DE FRANCE, 1435:George III of Great Britain 716: 693:Guillaume-François Berthier 10: 13685: 13634:Navarrese titular monarchs 13330:French Republican calendar 12885:Jean-Baptiste-Joseph Gobel 12510:Bertrand Barère de Vieuzac 11864:Pierre Choderlos de Laclos 11814:Charles François Dumouriez 11804:Jacques François Dugommier 11618:League of Armed Neutrality 11451:(28 January – 17 May 1798) 11403:Battle of the Bay of Cádiz 11226:(22 Nov 1794 - 7 Jun 1795) 11205:(22 Nov 1794 - 7 Jun 1795) 10869:Second Congress of Rastatt 10653:Committee of Public Safety 10640:(9 Mar 1793 – 31 May 1795) 9721:Frederick I of Württemberg 8091:Confederation of the Rhine 5696:Monarchy abolished in 1792 5612:Charles Philippe de France 5066:Guerra, Francisco (1819), 4933:Teulet, Alexandre (1863). 4894:and Various Other Diseases 2890: 2774: 2648: 2542: 2361:Order of the Golden Fleece 2161: 2094:Antoine Germain Labarraque 1957:Guillaume Marie Anne Brune 1750: 1570: 1253:Napoleon Bonaparte invaded 1021: 685:Jean-Gilles du Coëtlosquet 29: 13345:Cult of the Supreme Being 13273: 13262: 13168: 13157: 13116: 12950: 12943: 12828: 12685: 12607: 12518: 12505:Pierre Paul Royer-Collard 12411: 12360:Patriotic Society of 1789 12358: 12347: 12309: 12274: 12244: 12219: 12176: 12163:Karl Philipp Sebottendorf 12085:Karl Aloys zu Fürstenberg 12050: 12041: 12019: 11724: 11708: 11697: 11666: 11629: 11602:Convention of Alessandria 11584: 11491: 11438: 11369: 11239: 11213: 11130: 11027: 10954: 10943: 10899: 10888:Law of 22 Floréal Year VI 10880: 10853: 10790: 10726: 10621: 10554: 10503: 10457: 10349:What Is the Third Estate? 10340: 10313: 10302: 10217: 10100: 9984: 9899: 9881:Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden 9871:William, Prince of Orange 9734: 9681:Pierre-Charles Villeneuve 9614: 9607: 9487: 9366: 9230: 9059: 8973: 8927: 8676: 8570: 8494: 8388: 8302: 8254: 8245: 8141: 8042: 8033: 8010:French Invasion of Russia 7976: 7923: 7831: 7768: 7694: 7671: 7640: 7571: 7558: 7506: 7441: 7398: 7339: 7326: 7292: 7233: 7184: 7145: 7121: 7067: 7043: 7025: 7002: 6965: 6932: 6889: 6856: 6773: 6747: 6692: 6673: 6647: 6609: 6583: 6537: 6512: 6433: 6344: 6240: 6116: 6086: 6033: 6017: 5986: 5950: 5929: 5914:Louis, Prince of Asturias 5891: 5864: 5833: 5807: 5796: 5772: 5747: 5700: 5673: 5665: 5657: 5630: 5625: 5618: 5608: 5599: 5591: 5586: 5571: 5562: 5549: 5542: 5532: 5523: 5510: 5495: 5486: 5465: 5460: 5425: 5383:French Historical Studies 5331:10.1017/S0018246X00007548 5214:. London: Penguin Books. 2960: 2952: 2924: 2902: 2898: 2862: 2840: 2832: 2804: 2782: 2778: 2740: 2718: 2710: 2682: 2660: 2656: 2620: 2598: 2590: 2562: 2546: 2382:: Stranger Knight of the 1696:PIECE DE 20 FRANCS, 1815, 1677: 1672: 1313:offered Louis the use of 578:1852–1870) were deposed. 390: 380: 370: 360: 348: 316: 302: 285: 263: 259: 249: 238: 227: 219: 127: 117: 100: 89: 78: 64: 46: 41: 13509:18th-century biographers 13053:Gui-Jean-Baptiste Target 13018:Joséphine de Beauharnais 12900:Stanislas-Marie Maillard 12870:François-Nicolas Vincent 12855:Pierre Gaspard Chaumette 12029:Charles-Alexandre Linois 11924:Jean Victor Marie Moreau 11904:François Séverin Marceau 11884:François Joseph Lefebvre 11779:Jean-Étienne Championnet 11754:Louis-Alexandre Berthier 11749:Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte 11744:Alexandre de Beauharnais 11734:Eustache Charles d'Aoust 11456:French Invasion of Egypt 11334:Second Battle of Bassano 11068:Battle of Kaiserslautern 10842:Conspiracy of the Equals 10535:The Constitution of 1791 10406:Storming of the Bastille 9791:Archduke John of Austria 9786:Prince von Schwarzenberg 9631:Louis-Alexandre Berthier 5937:Louis, Dauphin of France 5904:Louis, Dauphin of France 5872:Louis, Dauphin of France 5841:Louis, Dauphin of France 5355:Weiner, Margery (1961). 5170:Fraser, Antonia (2002). 5074:(in Spanish), p. 41 3414:Castelot, André (1962). 3031: 2943:Maria Josepha of Austria 2639:Louis, Dauphin of France 2489:Charles, Count of Artois 2422:Louis, Dauphin of France 2293:Order of the Black Eagle 2270:Sash of the Three Orders 2182:Order of the Holy Spirit 2130:. In the 2022 TV series 2075: 2010:King Louis disliked the 1865:Charles, Count of Artois 1372:Marie-Thérèse persuaded 1356:Marguerite de Gourbillon 1217:executed in January 1793 1178:. The activities of the 1149:, he proclaimed himself 1135: 1067:Storming of the Bastille 845:, heir to the throne of 726:Marie Joséphine of Savoy 617:Order of the Holy Spirit 595:Louis, Dauphin of France 581: 456:. When his young nephew 365:Louis, Dauphin of France 323:Marie Joséphine of Savoy 166:The Prince of Talleyrand 149:The Prince of Talleyrand 13033:Jacques-Donatien Le Ray 12905:Charles-Philippe Ronsin 12865:Antoine-François Momoro 12860:Charles-Philippe Ronsin 12677:François de Neufchâteau 12627:Charles-François Lebrun 12569:Jean Baptiste Treilhard 12450:Guillaume-Mathieu Dumas 12326:Luis Firmin de Carvajal 12132:Rudolf Ritter von Otto 12127:Karl Mack von Leiberich 11759:Jean-Baptiste Bessières 11573:Second Battle of Zurich 11464:Irish Rebellion of 1798 11310:First Battle of Bassano 11148:Second Battle of Boulou 10949:Revolutionary campaigns 10907:Coup of 30 Prairial VII 10822:Council of Five Hundred 10610:First republic declared 10546:(1 Oct 1791 – Sep 1792) 10527:Declaration of Pillnitz 10251:Constitutional monarchy 9726:Frederick VI of Denmark 9676:Jean-Baptiste Bessières 8466:Greater Poland uprising 8289:Duc d'Enghien Execution 6107:List of French monarchs 5920:Infante Philip of Spain 5790:Gaston, Duke of Orléans 5520:Himself as titular king 5505:Himself as titular king 5475:Himself as titular king 5251:Mansel, Philip (1999). 4890:Alcock, Thomas (1827). 3096:Encyclopædia Britannica 2881:Maria Josepha of Saxony 2675:Stanisław I Leszczyński 2613:Marie Adélaïde of Savoy 2555:Louis, Duke of Burgundy 2515:Henri, Duke of Bordeaux 2430:Louis, Duke of Burgundy 2033:Henry, Duke of Bordeaux 1798:to apprehend Napoleon. 1643:Louis XVIII signed the 1374:Queen Louise of Prussia 1196:Declaration of Pillnitz 1074:Charles, Comte d'Artois 822:generated only 300,000 644:François-Hubert Drouais 642:), depicted in 1757 by 599:Maria Josepha of Saxony 504:constitutional monarchy 442:, the last king of the 375:Maria Josepha of Saxony 310:Basilica of Saint Denis 13599:People from Versailles 13584:French Roman Catholics 13362: 13321: 13297: 13278: 12790:Prieur de la Côte-d'Or 12785:Jean-Pierre-André Amar 12695:Maximilien Robespierre 12528:Jacques Pierre Brissot 12393:Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès 11824:Louis-Charles de Flers 11809:Thomas-Alexandre Dumas 11774:Jean François Carteaux 11549:First Battle of Zurich 11512:(20 Mar – 21 May 1799) 11467:(23 May – 23 Sep 1798) 11427:Treaty of Campo Formio 11173:Glorious First of June 11101:(18 Sep – 18 Dec 1793) 11060:Expedition to Sardinia 10738:Desmoulins guillotined 10673:Assassination of Marat 10665:Fall of the Girondists 10637:Revolutionary Tribunal 10629:Execution of Louis XVI 10519:Champ de Mars massacre 10422:Abolition of Feudalism 9846:Ferdinand VII of Spain 8294:Coronation of Napoleon 7833:Bonapartist pretenders 7688: 7679: 7565: 7552:Louis Stanislas Xavier 7333: 6613:(1814–1815; 1815–1830) 6102:List of Frankish kings 6097:Simplified family tree 5877:King Philip V of Spain 5364:Wolf, John B. (1940). 5093:The Knights of England 3091:Louis XVIII. of France 2823:Augustus III of Poland 2303:Order of the Red Eagle 2210:Order of Saint Lazarus 2192:Order of Saint Michael 2028: 2013:premier prince du sang 1883: 1856: 1766: 1640: 1588: 1546: 1499: 1481:Marquess of Buckingham 1450: 1378: 1363:First Consul of France 1339: 1333: 1327: 1275: 1212:on 21 September 1792. 1204: 940: 901:Anne Nompar de Caumont 849:. In 1775, he visited 802: 787: 775:At his brother's court 728: 646: 625:Stanislaus I of Poland 587:Louis Stanislas Xavier 454:executed by guillotine 412: 13235:Jean-Jacques Rousseau 12500:Jean-Charles Pichegru 12480:Jean-François Rewbell 11966:Jean-Charles Pichegru 11849:Jean-Baptiste Jourdan 11839:Jacques Maurice Hatry 11610:Battle of Hohenlinden 11483:(12 Oct – 5 Dec 1798) 11318:Battle of Emmendingen 11265:Battle of Castiglione 11152:(30 Apr – 1 May 1794) 11083:Battle of Hondschoote 10754:Thermidorian Reaction 10718:(throughout the year) 10491:Fête de la Fédération 10417:(20 Jul – 5 Aug 1789) 10401:(9 Jul – 30 Sep 1791) 10385:(17 Jun – 9 Jul 1790) 10133:Conference of Dresden 10042:Paris (February 1812) 9971:Swedish–Norwegian War 9796:Alexander I of Russia 7686: 7677: 7564: 7332: 5676:— TITULAR — 5633:— TITULAR — 5418:Quotes of Louis XVIII 5291:Price, Munro (2008). 5272:Nagel, Susan (2008). 5212:The French Revolution 2797:Augustus II of Poland 2759:Louis XVIII of France 2268:: Grand Cross of the 2250:Order of the Elephant 2227:: Grand Cross of the 2026: 1862: 1844: 1827:Field Marshal Blücher 1760: 1638: 1586:Louis-Philippe Crépin 1580: 1494: 1443:Emperor of the French 1348:Queen Marie Joséphine 1270: 1239:Declaration of Verona 1088:, with the family of 932: 793: 782: 724: 637: 200:The Duke of Richelieu 183:Jean-Joseph Dessolles 174:The Duke of Richelieu 110:Emperor of the French 53:Coronation portrait, 18:Louis XVIII of France 13669:Deaths from gangrene 13489:18th-century regents 13163:Influential thinkers 12910:Jean-François Varlet 12810:Jean-Lambert Tallien 12805:Jean Bon Saint-André 12632:Pierre-Joseph Cambon 12554:Marquis de Condorcet 12403:Nicolas de Condorcet 12168:Dagobert von Wurmser 12001:Louis-Gabriel Suchet 11944:Pierre-Jacques Osten 11859:Jean-Baptiste Kléber 11794:Louis-Nicolas Davout 11784:Chapuis de Tourville 11326:Battle of Schliengen 11273:Battle of Theiningen 11194:Battle of Aldenhoven 11078:Battle of Wattignies 11047:Battle of Neerwinden 10861:Coup of 18 Fructidor 10374:Death of the Dauphin 10087:Fontainebleau (1814) 9641:Louis-Nicolas Davout 8562:Invasion of Portugal 7906:Napoléon VII Charles 6092:Detailed family tree 5437:Cadet branch of the 5091:Shaw, Wm. A. (1906) 5014:. Berling. pp. 2416:Louis XV (1710–1774) 2395:Basilica of St Denis 2229:Order of St. Stephen 2204:Order of Saint Louis 2045:Duchess of Angoulême 1922:Président du Conseil 1404:Wirydianna Fiszerowa 1396:partitions of Poland 1221:Louis XVII of France 1194:. They released the 1126:Austrian Netherlands 916:Assembly of Notables 741:Palace of Versailles 711:Order of St. Lazarus 591:Palace of Versailles 279:Palace of Versailles 208:The Count of Villèle 13250:Mary Wollstonecraft 13028:Jean Sylvain Bailly 12815:Pierre Louis Prieur 12760:Jean-Henri Voulland 12735:Jacques-Louis David 12667:Jean Joseph Mounier 12368:Jean Sylvain Bailly 12006:Belgrand de Vaubois 11894:Jean-Antoine Marbot 11834:Emmanuel de Grouchy 11639:Treaty of Lunéville 11278:Battle of Neresheim 11223:Siege of Luxembourg 11202:Siege of Luxembourg 11157:Battle of Tourcoing 11088:Siege of Bellegarde 10915:Coup of 18 Brumaire 10827:Council of Ancients 10602:National Convention 10594:September Massacres 10570:Brunswick Manifesto 10562:France declares war 10329:Assembly of Vizille 10113:Bourbon Restoration 9856:Maria I of Portugal 9841:Prince of Hohenlohe 9831:Gebhard von Blücher 8774:Neumarkt-Sankt Veit 8081:Swiss Confederation 7928:Orléanist pretender 7700:Unionist pretenders 7245:King/Queen of Spain 7123:House of Trastámara 6967:House of Trastámara 6528:Henry VI of England 5152:. Harper & Row. 4941:(in French) (2): 99 4880:, pp. 297–298. 4784:, pp. 106–107. 4517:, pp. 446–468. 4103:, pp. 233–234. 4079:, pp. 228–229. 4067:, pp. 227–228. 4019:, pp. 218–219. 3951:, pp. 210–211. 3807:, pp. 113–114. 3759:, pp. 361–362. 3477:, pp. 224–225. 3465:, pp. 221–223. 3368:, pp. 136–138. 3149:, pp. 152–153. 3134:, pp. 331–332. 2733:Katarzyna Opalińska 2384:Order of the Garter 2329:Order of St. Andrew 2301:Grand Cross of the 2266:Kingdom of Portugal 2104:Film and television 1981:Second White Terror 1945:Chambre introuvable 1934:Chambre introuvable 1639:Louis XVIII in 1814 1617:Chamber of Deputies 1613:freedom of religion 1567:Bourbon Restoration 1210:National Convention 1168:Electorate of Trier 1155:Varennes-en-Argonne 1086:Kingdom of Sardinia 785:Louis XVI of France 689:Jean-Antoine Nollet 593:, a younger son of 530:Chambre introuvable 500:Bourbon Restoration 450:National Convention 438:as brother of King 429:First French Empire 192:The Duke of Decazes 13589:Princes of Andorra 13544:Counts of Provence 13088:Loménie de Brienne 13063:Madame de Lamballe 12998:Napoléon Bonaparte 12795:Prieur de la Marne 12710:Camille Desmoulins 12564:Marie Jean Hérault 12440:Jean-Sifrein Maury 12435:Arnaud de La Porte 12291:Alexander Korsakov 12077:Count of Clerfayt 11996:Jean-de-Dieu Soult 11909:Auguste de Marmont 11764:Napoléon Bonaparte 11655:Algeciras campaign 11647:Treaty of Florence 11525:Battle of Stockach 11358:Ireland expedition 11342:Battle of Calliano 11302:Battle of Rovereto 11294:Battle of Würzburg 10746:Law of 22 Prairial 10715:Anti-clerical laws 10690:The Death of Marat 10511:Flight to Varennes 10128:Continental System 10123:Congress of Erfurt 10047:Paris (March 1812) 9821:Peter Wittgenstein 9746:Duke of Wellington 9701:Prince Poniatowski 9666:Jean-de-Dieu Soult 9651:Auguste de Marmont 9046:Arroyo dos Molinos 8894:Walcheren Campaign 8884:Armistice of Znaim 8779:Dalmatian Campaign 8704:Tyrolean Rebellion 7689: 7680: 7566: 7531:Légitimé de France 7334: 6858:House of Champagne 6813:García Sánchez III 6675:House of Bonaparte 6585:House of Bonaparte 6515:House of Lancaster 6081:Monarchs of France 5764:Grandson of France 5620:Titles in pretence 5595:Philippe de France 5576:Title next held by 5554:Title last held by 5478:Title last held by 5348:Monarchy and Exile 5319:Historical Journal 5293:The Perilous Crown 4989:on 2 November 2014 4580:www.britannica.com 3990:Dzieje moje własne 2581:Louis XV of France 2286:Kingdom of Prussia 2029: 1977:House of Bonaparte 1914:"Ministère du Roi" 1884: 1857: 1831:Battle of Waterloo 1823:Duke of Wellington 1767: 1763:Battle of Waterloo 1710:Congress of Vienna 1694:Reverse: (French) 1687:Obverse: (French) 1641: 1589: 1538:invasion of Russia 1500: 1487:England, 1807–1814 1410:, the hymn of the 1394:, which after the 1352:Schleswig-Holstein 1296:Duchy of Brunswick 1276: 1257:Republic of Venice 1176:Archbishop-Elector 1130:Flight to Varennes 1008:Parlement of Paris 941: 803: 788: 729: 705:Count of Provence. 647: 539:Quintuple Alliance 158:The Duke of Blacas 32:Louis XVIII column 13519:Regents of France 13413: 13412: 13409: 13408: 13287:Cockade of France 13258: 13257: 13220:Antoine Lavoisier 13210:Benjamin Franklin 13190:Anacharsis Cloots 13153: 13152: 13149: 13148: 13073:Louis de Breteuil 12915:Theophile Leclerc 12343: 12342: 12339: 12338: 12296:Alexander Suvorov 12037: 12036: 11971:Józef Poniatowski 11889:Étienne Macdonald 11693: 11692: 11594:Battle of Marengo 11557:Battle of Trebbia 11541:Battle of Cassano 11533:Battle of Magnano 11517:Battle of Ostrach 11419:Battle of Neuwied 11181:Battle of Fleurus 11165:Battle of Tournay 11042:War in the Vendée 10978:Royalist Revolts 10939: 10938: 10496: 10472:Abolition of the 10390:Tennis Court Oath 10382:National Assembly 10211:French Revolution 10177: 10176: 10173: 10172: 10165:Types of military 9961:Russo-Turkish War 9956:Russo-Persian War 9924:Anglo-Turkish War 9919:Anglo-Swedish War 9914:Anglo-Spanish War 9909:Anglo-Russian War 9836:Duke of Brunswick 9739:political leaders 9619:political leaders 9603: 9602: 8608:Medina de Rioseco 8330:Haslach-Jungingen 8264:French Revolution 8241: 8240: 8024:Seventh Coalition 7936: 7935: 7931: 7890:Napoléon V Victor 7886:Napoléon V Jérôme 7875: 7872:Emperor 1852–1870 7642:Monarchy in exile 7596: 7595: 7466: 7465: 7442:Current claimants 7252: 7251: 7147:House of Habsburg 6803:García Sánchez II 6703: 6702: 6664:Louis Philippe II 6587:(1804–1814; 1815) 6048: 6047: 6043: 5741:Princes of France 5708: 5707: 5701:Succeeded by 5678: 5658:Succeeded by 5635: 5609:Succeeded by 5569:1771 – 1790 5533:Succeeded by 5455:16 September 1824 5302:978-0-3304-2638-1 5283:978-1-5969-1057-7 5221:978-0-1400-4945-9 5203:10.1093/fh/crn045 5181:978-0-7538-1305-8 5174:. London: ORION. 4973:(in Portuguese). 4733:, pp. 95–96. 4529:, pp. 16–21. 4418:, pp. 82–83. 4202:, pp. 49–54. 3667:Le Petit Robert 2 3356:, pp. 14–15. 3293:, pp. 13–14. 3016: 3015: 2701:Marie Leszczyńska 2175:Kingdom of France 2118:Sebastian Armesto 2112:in the 1970 film 2098:without any odour 2018:the Duke of Berry 1940:Duke of Richelieu 1850:George Cruikshank 1796:Marshal MacDonald 1733:Kingdom of Naples 1714:Kingdom of Saxony 1706:Prince Talleyrand 1702: 1701: 1601:Napoleon's senate 1427:Kingdom of Naples 1188:Holy Roman Empire 1111:Luxembourg Palace 1063:Tuileries gardens 1035:National Assembly 1024:French Revolution 691:; and the Jesuit 502:government was a 493:Seventh Coalition 436:Count of Provence 425:French Revolution 402: 401: 306:24 September 1824 289:16 September 1824 95:16 September 1824 16:(Redirected from 13676: 13664:Wheelchair users 13614:Dukes of Alençon 13609:House of Bourbon 13539:Dukes of Vendôme 13454: 13453: 13442: 13441: 13440: 13430: 13429: 13428: 13421: 13367: 13355:Temple of Reason 13326: 13302: 13283: 13264: 13263: 13215:Thomas Jefferson 13159: 13158: 13078:de Chateaubriand 13008:Joseph Bonaparte 13003:Lucien Bonaparte 12993:Marie Antoinette 12948: 12947: 12935:Sylvain Maréchal 12890:François Hanriot 12725:Louis Philippe I 12652:Louis Philippe I 12647:Philippe Égalité 12589:Olympe de Gouges 12559:Charlotte Corday 12549:Étienne Clavière 12349: 12348: 12331:Antonio Ricardos 12316: 12315: 12301:Andrei Rosenberg 12281: 12280: 12251: 12250: 12226: 12225: 12196:Ralph Abercromby 12183: 12182: 12158: 12135: 12122: 12114: 12106: 12093: 12080: 12057: 12056: 12048: 12047: 11952: 11899:Marcellin Marbot 11722: 11721: 11715: 11714: 11703:Military leaders 11699: 11698: 11686: 11678: 11674:Treaty of Amiens 11659: 11651: 11643: 11622: 11614: 11606: 11598: 11577: 11576:(25–26 Sep 1799) 11569: 11561: 11560:(17–20 Jun 1799) 11553: 11545: 11544:(27–28 Apr 1799) 11537: 11529: 11521: 11520:(20–21 Mar 1799) 11513: 11505: 11501:Second Coalition 11484: 11476: 11468: 11460: 11452: 11431: 11423: 11415: 11411:Treaty of Leoben 11407: 11399: 11398:(14–15 Jan 1797) 11395:Battle of Rivoli 11391: 11383: 11379:Italian campaign 11362: 11354: 11353:(15–17 Nov 1796) 11350:Battle of Arcole 11346: 11338: 11330: 11322: 11314: 11306: 11298: 11290: 11286:Battle of Amberg 11282: 11269: 11261: 11257:Battle of Lonato 11253: 11249:Italian campaign 11227: 11206: 11198: 11185: 11177: 11169: 11161: 11153: 11144: 11123: 11122:(26–27 Dec 1793) 11110: 11102: 11064: 11056: 11052:Battle of Famars 11020: 10945: 10944: 10927: 10919: 10911: 10892: 10873: 10865: 10846: 10838: 10818: 10810: 10802: 10783: 10775: 10767: 10758: 10750: 10742: 10719: 10711: 10703: 10695: 10685: 10677: 10669: 10649: 10641: 10633: 10614: 10606: 10598: 10590: 10582: 10574: 10566: 10547: 10539: 10531: 10523: 10515: 10514:(20–21 Jun 1791) 10494: 10486: 10478: 10469: 10450: 10442: 10434: 10426: 10418: 10410: 10402: 10394: 10386: 10378: 10370: 10362: 10354: 10333: 10325: 10321:Day of the Tiles 10304: 10303: 10204: 10197: 10190: 10181: 10180: 9941:Dano-Swedish War 9929:Anglo-Danish War 9781:Archduke Charles 9696:Jérôme Bonaparte 9612: 9611: 9545:Castel di Sangro 9454:Fère-Champenoise 9107:García Hernández 9021:Fuentes de Oñoro 8537:Guttstadt-Deppen 8274:Second Coalition 8252: 8251: 8233:French Royalists 8040: 8039: 7989:Fourth Coalition 7963: 7956: 7949: 7940: 7939: 7925: 7869: 7623: 7616: 7609: 7600: 7599: 7507:Hereditary Dukes 7500:Dukes of Vendôme 7493: 7486: 7479: 7470: 7469: 7450:Charles-Philippe 7408:Philippe Charles 7293:Hereditary dukes 7279: 7272: 7265: 7256: 7255: 7186:House of Bourbon 7069:House of Bourbon 6793:García Sánchez I 6775:House of Jiménez 6748:House of Íñiguez 6730: 6723: 6716: 6707: 6706: 6658:Louis Philippe I 6649:House of Orléans 6611:House of Bourbon 6539:House of Bourbon 6075: 6068: 6061: 6052: 6051: 6035: 5973:King Louis XVIII 5802: 5734: 5727: 5720: 5711: 5710: 5698: 5692: 5674: 5666:Preceded by 5655: 5649: 5631: 5592:Preceded by 5456: 5449: 5448:17 November 1755 5440:Capetian dynasty 5432:House of Bourbon 5423: 5422: 5407: 5369: 5368:. pp. 1–58. 5360: 5351: 5342: 5306: 5287: 5268: 5247: 5225: 5206: 5185: 5166: 5153: 5142: 5123: 5122: 5109: 5103: 5089: 5083: 5082: 5081: 5079: 5063: 5057: 5056: 5041: 5035: 5026: 5020: 5019: 5005: 4999: 4998: 4996: 4994: 4985:. Archived from 4971:Lusíada História 4962: 4951: 4950: 4948: 4946: 4930: 4924: 4917:Marie Antoinette 4913: 4907: 4906: 4904: 4902: 4887: 4881: 4875: 4869: 4863: 4857: 4851: 4845: 4839: 4833: 4827: 4821: 4815: 4809: 4803: 4797: 4791: 4785: 4779: 4770: 4764: 4758: 4752: 4746: 4740: 4734: 4728: 4722: 4716: 4710: 4704: 4698: 4692: 4686: 4680: 4674: 4668: 4662: 4656: 4650: 4644: 4638: 4637: 4597: 4591: 4590: 4588: 4586: 4572: 4566: 4560: 4554: 4548: 4542: 4536: 4530: 4524: 4518: 4512: 4506: 4505: 4497: 4491: 4485: 4479: 4473: 4467: 4461: 4455: 4449: 4443: 4437: 4431: 4425: 4419: 4413: 4407: 4401: 4395: 4389: 4383: 4377: 4371: 4365: 4359: 4353: 4347: 4341: 4335: 4329: 4323: 4317: 4311: 4305: 4299: 4293: 4287: 4281: 4275: 4269: 4263: 4257: 4251: 4245: 4239: 4233: 4227: 4221: 4215: 4209: 4203: 4197: 4191: 4190: 4182: 4176: 4170: 4164: 4158: 4152: 4146: 4140: 4134: 4128: 4122: 4116: 4110: 4104: 4098: 4092: 4086: 4080: 4074: 4068: 4062: 4056: 4050: 4044: 4038: 4032: 4026: 4020: 4014: 4008: 4007: 4001: 3993: 3985: 3976: 3970: 3964: 3958: 3952: 3946: 3940: 3934: 3925: 3919: 3913: 3907: 3898: 3892: 3886: 3880: 3871: 3865: 3856: 3850: 3844: 3838: 3832: 3826: 3820: 3814: 3808: 3802: 3796: 3790: 3784: 3778: 3772: 3766: 3760: 3754: 3748: 3742: 3736: 3730: 3724: 3718: 3712: 3706: 3700: 3694: 3688: 3687: 3676: 3670: 3664: 3658: 3652: 3646: 3640: 3634: 3628: 3622: 3616: 3610: 3604: 3598: 3592: 3586: 3580: 3574: 3568: 3562: 3556: 3550: 3544: 3538: 3532: 3526: 3520: 3514: 3508: 3502: 3496: 3490: 3484: 3478: 3472: 3466: 3460: 3454: 3448: 3442: 3436: 3430: 3429: 3411: 3405: 3399: 3393: 3387: 3381: 3375: 3369: 3363: 3357: 3351: 3345: 3339: 3330: 3324: 3318: 3312: 3306: 3300: 3294: 3288: 3279: 3273: 3267: 3261: 3252: 3246: 3237: 3231: 3225: 3224: 3213: 3207: 3201: 3192: 3186: 3180: 3174: 3165: 3159: 3150: 3144: 3135: 3129: 3123: 3122: 3120: 3118: 3107: 3101: 3100: 3079: 3077: 3076: 3070: 3054: 3051: 3045: 3042: 2536: 2535: 2476: 2461: 2440: 2414: 2381: 2377: 2375: 2374: 2359:: Knight of the 2355: 2354: 2353: 2320: 2318: 2317: 2284: 2283: 2282: 2264: 2263: 2262: 2248:: Knight of the 2244: 2242: 2241: 2223: 2221: 2220: 2198:Legion of Honour 2173: 2172: 2171: 2152:motion picture, 2133:Marie Antoinette 2123:Marie Antoinette 2116:. British actor 1682: 1670: 1669: 1621:Chamber of Peers 1551: 1455: 1381: 1342: 1336: 1330: 1323:Marie Antoinette 1207: 1115:Tuileries Palace 1069:two days later. 816:Duchy of Alençon 769:Marie Antoinette 733:married by proxy 678: 662:Madame de Marsan 577: 575: 566: 564: 558:Louis Philippe I 555: 553: 398: 342: 340: 336: 296:Tuileries Palace 292: 276:17 November 1755 275: 273: 245: 242:20 March 1815 – 234: 223: 142: 132: 113: 96: 85: 59: 56: 51: 39: 38: 21: 13684: 13683: 13679: 13678: 13677: 13675: 13674: 13673: 13534:Dukes of Perche 13464: 13463: 13460: 13448: 13438: 13436: 13426: 13424: 13416: 13414: 13405: 13280:La Marseillaise 13269: 13268:Cultural impact 13254: 13164: 13145: 13112: 13068:Madame du Barry 13058:Catherine Théot 13048:Thérésa Tallien 12939: 12930:Gracchus Babeuf 12875:François Chabot 12832: 12824: 12745:Georges Couthon 12740:Marquis de Sade 12705:Jean-Paul Marat 12681: 12637:Bertrand Barère 12603: 12514: 12495:Boissy d'Anglas 12490:Madame de Staël 12455:Antoine Barnave 12423: 12416: 12407: 12354: 12335: 12310: 12305: 12275: 12270: 12245: 12240: 12220: 12215: 12177: 12172: 12156: 12133: 12120: 12112: 12104: 12091: 12078: 12067:József Alvinczi 12051: 12033: 12015: 11956:Nicolas Oudinot 11946: 11879:Claude Lecourbe 11874:Charles Leclerc 11769:Guillaume Brune 11739:Pierre Augereau 11709: 11704: 11689: 11684: 11682:Treaty of Paris 11676: 11662: 11657: 11649: 11641: 11625: 11620: 11612: 11604: 11596: 11580: 11575: 11567: 11559: 11551: 11543: 11535: 11527: 11519: 11511: 11503: 11487: 11482: 11474: 11466: 11458: 11450: 11434: 11429: 11421: 11413: 11405: 11397: 11389: 11381: 11365: 11360: 11352: 11344: 11336: 11328: 11320: 11312: 11304: 11296: 11288: 11280: 11267: 11259: 11251: 11235: 11225: 11209: 11204: 11196: 11183: 11175: 11167: 11159: 11151: 11142: 11126: 11121: 11108: 11100: 11098:Siege of Toulon 11062: 11054: 11037:First Coalition 11023: 11014: 10950: 10935: 10925: 10917: 10909: 10895: 10890: 10876: 10871: 10863: 10849: 10844: 10836: 10816: 10808: 10800: 10786: 10781: 10773: 10765: 10756: 10748: 10740: 10722: 10717: 10709: 10701: 10699:Law of Suspects 10693: 10683: 10675: 10667: 10647: 10645:Reign of Terror 10639: 10631: 10617: 10612: 10604: 10596: 10588: 10580: 10572: 10564: 10550: 10545: 10537: 10529: 10521: 10513: 10499: 10484: 10476: 10467: 10453: 10448: 10440: 10432: 10425:(4–11 Aug 1789) 10424: 10416: 10408: 10400: 10392: 10384: 10376: 10368: 10360: 10358:Réveillon riots 10352: 10336: 10331: 10323: 10309: 10298: 10213: 10208: 10178: 10169: 10096: 9980: 9901: 9895: 9851:Miguel de Álava 9816:Pyotr Bagration 9811:Count Bennigsen 9801:Mikhail Kutuzov 9766:Thomas Cochrane 9738: 9736: 9730: 9691:Louis Bonaparte 9618: 9616: 9615:French and ally 9599: 9483: 9399:Château-Thierry 9362: 9226: 9197:Maloyaroslavets 9055: 8969: 8923: 8714:Yevenes/Yébenes 8672: 8588:Rosily Squadron 8566: 8490: 8456:Waren-Nossentin 8384: 8315:Cape Finisterre 8298: 8269:First Coalition 8247: 8237: 8144: 8137: 8048: 8044: 8035: 8029: 8017:Sixth Coalition 8003:Fifth Coalition 7982:Third Coalition 7972: 7970:Napoleonic Wars 7967: 7937: 7932: 7919: 7827: 7764: 7690: 7681: 7669: 7636: 7627: 7597: 7592: 7567: 7556: 7502: 7497: 7467: 7462: 7437: 7394: 7335: 7324: 7288: 7283: 7253: 7248: 7229: 7188:- Upper Navarre 7180: 7149:- Upper Navarre 7141: 7125:- Upper Navarre 7117: 7071:- Lower Navarre 7063: 7047:- Lower Navarre 7045:House of Albret 7039: 7027:House of Albret 7021: 7012:Francis Phoebus 6998: 6961: 6934:House of Évreux 6928: 6885: 6852: 6769: 6743: 6734: 6704: 6699: 6688: 6669: 6643: 6605: 6579: 6533: 6508: 6435:House of Valois 6429: 6340: 6301:Charles the Fat 6260:Pepin the Short 6245: 6236: 6112: 6111: 6082: 6079: 6049: 6044: 6029: 6013: 5999:King Louis XVII 5982: 5946: 5925: 5887: 5860: 5829: 5803: 5794: 5780:King Louis XIII 5768: 5743: 5738: 5704: 5694: 5693: 5690: 5689: 5687: 5679: 5671: 5661: 5651: 5650: 5647: 5646: 5644: 5636: 5614: 5605: 5597: 5577: 5568: 5555: 5544:French nobility 5538: 5529: 5521: 5519: 5506: 5504: 5492: 5479: 5476: 5474: 5450: 5444: 5443: 5435: 5428: 5414: 5376: 5313: 5311:Further reading 5303: 5284: 5265: 5244: 5222: 5182: 5131: 5126: 5111: 5110: 5106: 5090: 5086: 5077: 5075: 5064: 5060: 5043: 5042: 5038: 5027: 5023: 5006: 5002: 4992: 4990: 4977:(8): 278, 282. 4963: 4954: 4944: 4942: 4931: 4927: 4914: 4910: 4900: 4898: 4888: 4884: 4876: 4872: 4864: 4860: 4852: 4848: 4840: 4836: 4828: 4824: 4816: 4812: 4804: 4800: 4792: 4788: 4780: 4773: 4765: 4761: 4753: 4749: 4741: 4737: 4729: 4725: 4717: 4713: 4705: 4701: 4693: 4689: 4681: 4677: 4669: 4665: 4657: 4653: 4645: 4641: 4598: 4594: 4584: 4582: 4574: 4573: 4569: 4561: 4557: 4549: 4545: 4537: 4533: 4525: 4521: 4515:Frederking 2008 4513: 4509: 4498: 4494: 4486: 4482: 4474: 4470: 4462: 4458: 4450: 4446: 4438: 4434: 4426: 4422: 4414: 4410: 4402: 4398: 4390: 4386: 4378: 4374: 4366: 4362: 4354: 4350: 4342: 4338: 4330: 4326: 4318: 4314: 4306: 4302: 4294: 4290: 4282: 4278: 4270: 4266: 4258: 4254: 4246: 4242: 4234: 4230: 4222: 4218: 4210: 4206: 4198: 4194: 4183: 4179: 4171: 4167: 4159: 4155: 4147: 4143: 4135: 4131: 4123: 4119: 4111: 4107: 4099: 4095: 4087: 4083: 4075: 4071: 4063: 4059: 4051: 4047: 4039: 4035: 4027: 4023: 4015: 4011: 3995: 3994: 3986: 3979: 3971: 3967: 3959: 3955: 3947: 3943: 3935: 3928: 3920: 3916: 3908: 3901: 3893: 3889: 3881: 3874: 3866: 3859: 3851: 3847: 3839: 3835: 3827: 3823: 3815: 3811: 3803: 3799: 3791: 3787: 3779: 3775: 3767: 3763: 3755: 3751: 3743: 3739: 3731: 3727: 3719: 3715: 3707: 3703: 3695: 3691: 3677: 3673: 3665: 3661: 3653: 3649: 3641: 3637: 3629: 3625: 3617: 3613: 3605: 3601: 3593: 3589: 3581: 3577: 3569: 3565: 3557: 3553: 3545: 3541: 3533: 3529: 3521: 3517: 3509: 3505: 3497: 3493: 3485: 3481: 3473: 3469: 3461: 3457: 3449: 3445: 3437: 3433: 3426: 3412: 3408: 3400: 3396: 3388: 3384: 3376: 3372: 3364: 3360: 3352: 3348: 3340: 3333: 3325: 3321: 3313: 3309: 3301: 3297: 3289: 3282: 3274: 3270: 3262: 3255: 3247: 3240: 3232: 3228: 3214: 3210: 3202: 3195: 3187: 3183: 3175: 3168: 3160: 3153: 3145: 3138: 3130: 3126: 3116: 3114: 3109: 3108: 3104: 3089:, ed. (1911). " 3074: 3072: 3071: 3067: 3063: 3058: 3057: 3052: 3048: 3043: 3039: 3034: 3022: 3017: 2533: 2528: 2403: 2372: 2370: 2351: 2349: 2315: 2313: 2280: 2278: 2274:10 October 1823 2260: 2258: 2254:25 January 1818 2239: 2237: 2225:Austrian Empire 2218: 2216: 2186:2 February 1767 2169: 2167: 2164: 2106: 2078: 1988:Treaty of Paris 1929:ultra-royalists 1867:, Louis XVIII, 1839: 1784:Southern France 1755: 1749: 1653:Sixth Coalition 1645:Treaty of Paris 1625:Biens nationaux 1609:Charter of 1814 1594: 1575: 1569: 1548:biens nationaux 1527:Comte de Blacas 1516:right of asylum 1512:Prince of Wales 1489: 1412:French Republic 1408:La Marseillaise 1402:. According to 1388:Łazienki Palace 1265: 1143: 1138: 1119:Duke of Orleans 1092:Prince de Condé 1030:Estates-General 1026: 1020: 967:Estates-General 886:Count of Artois 795:Marie Joséphine 777: 719: 672: 597:, and his wife 584: 572: 567:1830–1848) and 561: 550: 517:Charter of 1814 483:first defeated 481:Sixth Coalition 344: 332: 328: 325: 312: 307: 298:, Paris, France 294: 290: 277: 271: 269: 268: 243: 232: 221: 220:King of France 215: 212: 210: 203: 201: 196: 194: 187: 185: 178: 176: 169: 167: 162: 160: 153: 151: 144: 143: 138: 130:Prime ministers 128: 107: 94: 83: 74: 60: 57: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 13682: 13672: 13671: 13666: 13661: 13656: 13651: 13646: 13641: 13636: 13631: 13626: 13621: 13616: 13611: 13606: 13601: 13596: 13591: 13586: 13581: 13576: 13571: 13566: 13561: 13556: 13551: 13546: 13541: 13536: 13531: 13529:Dukes of Anjou 13526: 13521: 13516: 13511: 13506: 13501: 13496: 13491: 13486: 13481: 13476: 13459: 13458: 13446: 13434: 13411: 13410: 13407: 13406: 13404: 13403: 13398: 13393: 13388: 13383: 13378: 13373: 13368: 13359: 13358: 13357: 13350:Cult of Reason 13347: 13342: 13337: 13332: 13327: 13318: 13313: 13308: 13303: 13294: 13292:Flag of France 13289: 13284: 13274: 13271: 13270: 13260: 13259: 13256: 13255: 13253: 13252: 13247: 13242: 13237: 13232: 13227: 13222: 13217: 13212: 13207: 13202: 13197: 13192: 13187: 13182: 13177: 13169: 13166: 13165: 13155: 13154: 13151: 13150: 13147: 13146: 13144: 13143: 13138: 13137: 13136: 13131: 13120: 13118: 13114: 13113: 13111: 13110: 13105: 13100: 13098:Jacques Necker 13095: 13090: 13085: 13080: 13075: 13070: 13065: 13060: 13055: 13050: 13045: 13040: 13035: 13030: 13025: 13020: 13015: 13010: 13005: 13000: 12995: 12990: 12985: 12980: 12975: 12970: 12965: 12960: 12954: 12952: 12945: 12941: 12940: 12938: 12937: 12932: 12927: 12922: 12920:Claire Lacombe 12917: 12912: 12907: 12902: 12897: 12892: 12887: 12882: 12877: 12872: 12867: 12862: 12857: 12852: 12847: 12845:Jacques Hébert 12841: 12839: 12826: 12825: 12823: 12822: 12817: 12812: 12807: 12802: 12797: 12792: 12787: 12782: 12777: 12772: 12767: 12762: 12757: 12752: 12747: 12742: 12737: 12732: 12727: 12722: 12717: 12712: 12707: 12702: 12700:Georges Danton 12697: 12691: 12689: 12683: 12682: 12680: 12679: 12674: 12669: 12664: 12659: 12654: 12649: 12644: 12639: 12634: 12629: 12624: 12619: 12613: 12611: 12605: 12604: 12602: 12601: 12596: 12591: 12586: 12581: 12576: 12571: 12566: 12561: 12556: 12551: 12546: 12544:Henri Grégoire 12540: 12535: 12530: 12524: 12522: 12516: 12515: 12513: 12512: 12507: 12502: 12497: 12492: 12487: 12485:Camille Jordan 12482: 12477: 12472: 12467: 12462: 12457: 12452: 12447: 12442: 12437: 12432: 12426: 12424: 12412: 12409: 12408: 12406: 12405: 12400: 12395: 12390: 12385: 12380: 12375: 12370: 12364: 12362: 12356: 12355: 12345: 12344: 12341: 12340: 12337: 12336: 12334: 12333: 12328: 12322: 12320: 12307: 12306: 12304: 12303: 12298: 12293: 12287: 12285: 12272: 12271: 12269: 12268: 12263: 12257: 12255: 12242: 12241: 12239: 12238: 12232: 12230: 12217: 12216: 12214: 12213: 12208: 12203: 12198: 12189: 12187: 12174: 12173: 12171: 12170: 12165: 12160: 12152: 12147: 12142: 12137: 12129: 12124: 12116: 12108: 12100: 12095: 12087: 12082: 12074: 12069: 12063: 12061: 12045: 12039: 12038: 12035: 12034: 12032: 12031: 12025: 12023: 12017: 12016: 12014: 12013: 12008: 12003: 11998: 11993: 11988: 11983: 11978: 11973: 11968: 11963: 11958: 11953: 11941: 11936: 11931: 11926: 11921: 11916: 11911: 11906: 11901: 11896: 11891: 11886: 11881: 11876: 11871: 11866: 11861: 11856: 11851: 11846: 11841: 11836: 11831: 11826: 11821: 11816: 11811: 11806: 11801: 11796: 11791: 11786: 11781: 11776: 11771: 11766: 11761: 11756: 11751: 11746: 11741: 11736: 11730: 11728: 11719: 11706: 11705: 11695: 11694: 11691: 11690: 11688: 11687: 11679: 11670: 11668: 11664: 11663: 11661: 11660: 11652: 11644: 11635: 11633: 11627: 11626: 11624: 11623: 11615: 11607: 11599: 11590: 11588: 11582: 11581: 11579: 11578: 11570: 11565:Battle of Novi 11562: 11554: 11552:(4–7 Jun 1799) 11546: 11538: 11530: 11522: 11514: 11506: 11497: 11495: 11489: 11488: 11486: 11485: 11477: 11469: 11461: 11453: 11444: 11442: 11436: 11435: 11433: 11432: 11424: 11416: 11408: 11400: 11392: 11384: 11375: 11373: 11367: 11366: 11364: 11363: 11355: 11347: 11345:(6–7 Nov 1796) 11339: 11331: 11323: 11315: 11307: 11299: 11291: 11283: 11275: 11270: 11262: 11260:(3–4 Aug 1796) 11254: 11245: 11243: 11237: 11236: 11234: 11233: 11231:Peace of Basel 11228: 11219: 11217: 11211: 11210: 11208: 11207: 11199: 11191: 11186: 11178: 11170: 11162: 11154: 11145: 11136: 11134: 11128: 11127: 11125: 11124: 11116: 11111: 11103: 11095: 11090: 11085: 11080: 11075: 11073:Siege of Mainz 11070: 11065: 11057: 11049: 11044: 11039: 11033: 11031: 11025: 11024: 11022: 11021: 11009: 11004: 11002:Siege of Mainz 10999: 10994: 10993: 10992: 10989: 10984: 10976: 10971: 10966: 10960: 10958: 10952: 10951: 10941: 10940: 10937: 10936: 10934: 10933: 10928: 10920: 10912: 10903: 10901: 10897: 10896: 10894: 10893: 10884: 10882: 10878: 10877: 10875: 10874: 10866: 10857: 10855: 10851: 10850: 10848: 10847: 10839: 10834:13 Vendémiaire 10831: 10830: 10829: 10824: 10811: 10803: 10794: 10792: 10788: 10787: 10785: 10784: 10776: 10768: 10759: 10751: 10743: 10730: 10728: 10724: 10723: 10721: 10720: 10712: 10704: 10696: 10686: 10681:Levée en masse 10678: 10670: 10662: 10661: 10660: 10655: 10642: 10634: 10625: 10623: 10619: 10618: 10616: 10615: 10607: 10599: 10591: 10586:10th of August 10583: 10575: 10567: 10558: 10556: 10552: 10551: 10549: 10548: 10540: 10532: 10524: 10516: 10507: 10505: 10501: 10500: 10498: 10497: 10487: 10479: 10470: 10468:(Feb–Jul 1790) 10461: 10459: 10455: 10454: 10452: 10451: 10443: 10435: 10427: 10419: 10411: 10403: 10395: 10387: 10379: 10371: 10363: 10355: 10344: 10342: 10338: 10337: 10335: 10334: 10326: 10317: 10315: 10311: 10310: 10300: 10299: 10297: 10296: 10289: 10282: 10275: 10268: 10261: 10254: 10247: 10240: 10233: 10226: 10218: 10215: 10214: 10207: 10206: 10199: 10192: 10184: 10175: 10174: 10171: 10170: 10168: 10167: 10162: 10160:Longwood House 10157: 10156: 10155: 10145: 10140: 10135: 10130: 10125: 10120: 10115: 10110: 10104: 10102: 10098: 10097: 10095: 10094: 10089: 10084: 10079: 10074: 10069: 10064: 10059: 10054: 10049: 10044: 10039: 10034: 10029: 10024: 10019: 10014: 10009: 10004: 9999: 9994: 9988: 9986: 9982: 9981: 9979: 9978: 9973: 9968: 9963: 9958: 9953: 9948: 9943: 9938: 9937: 9936: 9926: 9921: 9916: 9911: 9905: 9903: 9897: 9896: 9894: 9893: 9888: 9883: 9878: 9873: 9868: 9866:Count of Feira 9863: 9858: 9853: 9848: 9843: 9838: 9833: 9828: 9823: 9818: 9813: 9808: 9803: 9798: 9793: 9788: 9783: 9778: 9773: 9768: 9763: 9761:Horatio Nelson 9758: 9753: 9748: 9742: 9740: 9732: 9731: 9729: 9728: 9723: 9718: 9713: 9708: 9703: 9698: 9693: 9688: 9683: 9678: 9673: 9671:Marshal Victor 9668: 9663: 9658: 9653: 9648: 9643: 9638: 9633: 9628: 9622: 9620: 9609: 9605: 9604: 9601: 9600: 9598: 9597: 9592: 9587: 9582: 9577: 9572: 9567: 9562: 9557: 9552: 9547: 9542: 9537: 9532: 9527: 9522: 9517: 9512: 9507: 9502: 9497: 9491: 9489: 9485: 9484: 9482: 9481: 9476: 9471: 9466: 9461: 9456: 9451: 9449:Arcis-sur-Aube 9446: 9441: 9436: 9431: 9426: 9421: 9416: 9411: 9406: 9401: 9396: 9391: 9386: 9381: 9376: 9370: 9368: 9364: 9363: 9361: 9360: 9355: 9350: 9345: 9340: 9335: 9330: 9325: 9320: 9315: 9310: 9305: 9300: 9295: 9290: 9285: 9280: 9275: 9270: 9265: 9260: 9255: 9250: 9245: 9240: 9234: 9232: 9228: 9227: 9225: 9224: 9219: 9214: 9209: 9204: 9199: 9194: 9192:Venta del Pozo 9189: 9184: 9179: 9174: 9169: 9164: 9159: 9154: 9149: 9144: 9139: 9134: 9129: 9124: 9119: 9114: 9109: 9104: 9099: 9094: 9089: 9084: 9079: 9074: 9069: 9067:Ciudad Rodrigo 9063: 9061: 9057: 9056: 9054: 9053: 9048: 9043: 9038: 9033: 9028: 9023: 9018: 9013: 9008: 9003: 8998: 8993: 8988: 8983: 8977: 8975: 8971: 8970: 8968: 8967: 8962: 8957: 8952: 8947: 8945:Ciudad Rodrigo 8942: 8937: 8931: 8929: 8925: 8924: 8922: 8921: 8919:Alba de Tormes 8916: 8911: 8906: 8901: 8896: 8891: 8886: 8881: 8876: 8871: 8866: 8861: 8856: 8851: 8846: 8841: 8836: 8831: 8826: 8821: 8819:Aspern-Essling 8816: 8811: 8806: 8801: 8796: 8791: 8786: 8781: 8776: 8771: 8766: 8761: 8756: 8751: 8746: 8741: 8736: 8731: 8726: 8721: 8716: 8711: 8706: 8701: 8696: 8691: 8686: 8680: 8678: 8674: 8673: 8671: 8670: 8665: 8660: 8655: 8650: 8645: 8640: 8635: 8630: 8625: 8620: 8615: 8610: 8605: 8600: 8595: 8590: 8585: 8580: 8574: 8572: 8568: 8567: 8565: 8564: 8559: 8554: 8549: 8544: 8539: 8534: 8529: 8524: 8519: 8514: 8509: 8504: 8498: 8496: 8492: 8491: 8489: 8488: 8483: 8478: 8473: 8468: 8463: 8458: 8453: 8448: 8443: 8438: 8433: 8428: 8423: 8421:Jena–Auerstedt 8418: 8413: 8408: 8403: 8398: 8392: 8390: 8386: 8385: 8383: 8382: 8377: 8372: 8367: 8362: 8357: 8352: 8347: 8342: 8337: 8332: 8327: 8322: 8317: 8312: 8306: 8304: 8300: 8299: 8297: 8296: 8291: 8286: 8281: 8276: 8271: 8266: 8260: 8258: 8249: 8243: 8242: 8239: 8238: 8236: 8235: 8230: 8225: 8220: 8215: 8210: 8205: 8200: 8195: 8193:Ottoman Empire 8190: 8185: 8180: 8175: 8170: 8165: 8160: 8155: 8153:United Kingdom 8149: 8147: 8139: 8138: 8136: 8135: 8130: 8125: 8123:Ottoman Empire 8120: 8118:Denmark–Norway 8115: 8114: 8113: 8108: 8103: 8098: 8088: 8083: 8078: 8073: 8068: 8063: 8061:Polish Legions 8058: 8052: 8050: 8037: 8031: 8030: 8028: 8027: 8020: 8013: 8006: 7999: 7996:Peninsular War 7992: 7985: 7977: 7974: 7973: 7966: 7965: 7958: 7951: 7943: 7934: 7933: 7924: 7921: 7920: 7918: 7917: 7902: 7896: 7882: 7876: 7863: 7857: 7851: 7845: 7838: 7836: 7835:(1814–present) 7829: 7828: 7826: 7825: 7818: 7812: 7806: 7800: 7794: 7788: 7782: 7775: 7773: 7772:(1883–present) 7766: 7765: 7763: 7762: 7755: 7749: 7743: 7737: 7731: 7724: 7718: 7712: 7705: 7703: 7702:(1830–present) 7692: 7691: 7672: 7670: 7668: 7667: 7660: 7654: 7647: 7645: 7638: 7637: 7626: 7625: 7618: 7611: 7603: 7594: 7593: 7591: 7590: 7583: 7575: 7573: 7572:Courtesy title 7569: 7568: 7559: 7557: 7555: 7554: 7549: 7544: 7539: 7534: 7526: 7521: 7516: 7510: 7508: 7504: 7503: 7496: 7495: 7488: 7481: 7473: 7464: 7463: 7461: 7460: 7457:Louis Alphonse 7453: 7445: 7443: 7439: 7438: 7436: 7435: 7430: 7425: 7423:Alfonso Carlos 7420: 7415: 7410: 7404: 7402: 7400:Courtesy title 7396: 7395: 7393: 7392: 7387: 7382: 7377: 7375:Louis François 7372: 7367: 7362: 7357: 7352: 7346: 7344: 7337: 7336: 7327: 7325: 7323: 7322: 7317: 7312: 7307: 7302: 7296: 7294: 7290: 7289: 7286:Dukes of Anjou 7282: 7281: 7274: 7267: 7259: 7250: 7249: 7241:King of France 7237:King of Aragon 7234: 7231: 7230: 7228: 7227: 7222: 7217: 7212: 7207: 7202: 7197: 7191: 7189: 7182: 7181: 7179: 7178: 7173: 7168: 7163: 7158: 7152: 7150: 7143: 7142: 7140: 7139: 7134: 7128: 7126: 7119: 7118: 7116: 7115: 7110: 7105: 7100: 7095: 7090: 7085: 7080: 7074: 7072: 7065: 7064: 7062: 7061: 7056: 7050: 7048: 7041: 7040: 7038: 7037: 7031: 7029: 7023: 7022: 7020: 7019: 7014: 7008: 7006: 7000: 6999: 6997: 6996: 6991: 6984: 6977: 6971: 6969: 6963: 6962: 6960: 6959: 6954: 6949: 6944: 6938: 6936: 6930: 6929: 6927: 6926: 6921: 6916: 6911: 6906: 6901: 6895: 6893: 6891:House of Capet 6887: 6886: 6884: 6883: 6878: 6873: 6868: 6862: 6860: 6854: 6853: 6851: 6850: 6845: 6840: 6838:García Ramírez 6835: 6830: 6825: 6820: 6815: 6810: 6805: 6800: 6795: 6790: 6785: 6779: 6777: 6771: 6770: 6768: 6767: 6762: 6760:García Íñiguez 6757: 6751: 6749: 6745: 6744: 6733: 6732: 6725: 6718: 6710: 6701: 6700: 6693: 6690: 6689: 6687: 6686: 6680: 6678: 6671: 6670: 6668: 6667: 6660: 6654: 6652: 6645: 6644: 6642: 6641: 6634: 6627: 6622: 6616: 6614: 6607: 6606: 6604: 6603: 6596: 6590: 6588: 6581: 6580: 6578: 6577: 6570: 6565: 6560: 6555: 6550: 6544: 6542: 6535: 6534: 6532: 6531: 6523: 6521: 6510: 6509: 6507: 6506: 6501: 6496: 6491: 6486: 6481: 6476: 6471: 6466: 6461: 6456: 6451: 6446: 6440: 6438: 6431: 6430: 6428: 6427: 6422: 6417: 6412: 6407: 6402: 6397: 6392: 6387: 6382: 6377: 6372: 6367: 6362: 6357: 6351: 6349: 6346:House of Capet 6342: 6341: 6339: 6338: 6333: 6328: 6323: 6318: 6313: 6308: 6303: 6298: 6293: 6288: 6283: 6278: 6273: 6267: 6262: 6256: 6254: 6238: 6237: 6235: 6234: 6229: 6224: 6219: 6214: 6209: 6207:Childebert III 6204: 6199: 6194: 6189: 6184: 6179: 6174: 6169: 6164: 6159: 6154: 6149: 6144: 6139: 6134: 6129: 6123: 6121: 6114: 6113: 6110: 6109: 6104: 6099: 6094: 6088: 6087: 6084: 6083: 6078: 6077: 6070: 6063: 6055: 6046: 6045: 6034: 6031: 6030: 6028: 6027: 6021: 6019: 6018:9th generation 6015: 6014: 6012: 6011: 6006: 6001: 5996: 5990: 5988: 5987:8th generation 5984: 5983: 5981: 5980: 5978:King Charles X 5975: 5970: 5968:King Louis XVI 5965: 5960: 5954: 5952: 5951:7th generation 5948: 5947: 5945: 5944: 5939: 5933: 5931: 5930:6th generation 5927: 5926: 5924: 5923: 5917: 5911: 5906: 5901: 5895: 5893: 5892:5th generation 5889: 5888: 5886: 5885: 5880: 5874: 5868: 5866: 5865:4th generation 5862: 5861: 5859: 5858: 5853: 5848: 5843: 5837: 5835: 5834:3rd generation 5831: 5830: 5828: 5827: 5822: 5817: 5815:King Louis XIV 5811: 5809: 5808:2nd generation 5805: 5804: 5797: 5795: 5793: 5792: 5787: 5782: 5776: 5774: 5773:1st generation 5770: 5769: 5748: 5745: 5744: 5737: 5736: 5729: 5722: 5714: 5706: 5705: 5702: 5699: 5683:King of France 5672: 5667: 5663: 5662: 5659: 5656: 5640:King of France 5629: 5623: 5622: 5616: 5615: 5610: 5607: 5598: 5593: 5589: 5588: 5584: 5583: 5575: 5570: 5561: 5553: 5547: 5546: 5540: 5539: 5534: 5531: 5526:King of France 5522: 5514: 5508: 5507: 5499: 5494: 5489:King of France 5485: 5477: 5469: 5463: 5462: 5461:Regnal titles 5458: 5457: 5436: 5429: 5426: 5421: 5420: 5413: 5412:External links 5410: 5409: 5408: 5396:10.2307/286306 5375: 5374:Historiography 5372: 5371: 5370: 5361: 5352: 5343: 5325:(3): 529–552. 5312: 5309: 5308: 5307: 5301: 5288: 5282: 5269: 5263: 5248: 5242: 5230:Lever, Évelyne 5226: 5220: 5207: 5197:(4): 446–468. 5191:French History 5186: 5180: 5167: 5154: 5143: 5130: 5127: 5125: 5124: 5104: 5084: 5058: 5036: 5021: 5000: 4952: 4925: 4908: 4882: 4870: 4858: 4856:, p. 110. 4846: 4844:, p. 537. 4834: 4832:, p. 109. 4822: 4820:, p. 108. 4810: 4808:, p. 287. 4798: 4796:, p. 194. 4786: 4771: 4759: 4747: 4735: 4723: 4711: 4709:, p. 427. 4699: 4697:, p. 426. 4687: 4685:, p. 425. 4675: 4673:, p. 424. 4663: 4651: 4649:, p. 417. 4639: 4612:(1): 167–175. 4592: 4567: 4565:, p. 266. 4555: 4553:, p. 261. 4543: 4541:, p. 260. 4531: 4519: 4507: 4492: 4490:, p. 256. 4480: 4478:, p. 255. 4468: 4466:, p. 254. 4456: 4454:, p. 127. 4444: 4442:, p. 253. 4432: 4420: 4408: 4396: 4384: 4372: 4370:, p. 222. 4360: 4348: 4346:, p. 197. 4336: 4334:, p. 196. 4324: 4322:, p. 192. 4312: 4310:, p. 190. 4300: 4288: 4276: 4264: 4252: 4240: 4238:, p. 176. 4228: 4226:, p. 175. 4216: 4214:, p. 113. 4204: 4192: 4177: 4175:, p. 143. 4165: 4163:, p. 162. 4153: 4151:, p. 147. 4141: 4139:, p. 241. 4129: 4127:, p. 243. 4117: 4115:, p. 235. 4105: 4093: 4091:, p. 119. 4081: 4069: 4057: 4055:, p. 223. 4045: 4043:, p. 222. 4033: 4031:, p. 220. 4021: 4009: 3977: 3975:, p. 128. 3965: 3963:, p. 208. 3953: 3941: 3939:, p. 213. 3926: 3924:, p. 206. 3914: 3912:, p. 216. 3899: 3897:, p. 201. 3887: 3885:, p. 203. 3872: 3870:, p. 190. 3857: 3855:, p. 165. 3845: 3843:, p. 136. 3833: 3831:, p. 180. 3821: 3819:, p. 118. 3809: 3797: 3795:, p. 113. 3785: 3783:, p. 412. 3773: 3771:, p. 383. 3761: 3749: 3747:, p. 357. 3737: 3735:, p. 342. 3725: 3723:, p. 340. 3713: 3701: 3699:, p. 338. 3689: 3680:Lever, Évelyne 3671: 3659: 3657:, p. 326. 3647: 3635: 3623: 3621:, p. 329. 3611: 3599: 3587: 3575: 3563: 3551: 3539: 3537:, p. 178. 3527: 3515: 3503: 3491: 3479: 3467: 3455: 3453:, p. 201. 3443: 3441:, p. 199. 3431: 3424: 3406: 3394: 3382: 3370: 3358: 3346: 3344:, p. 111. 3331: 3329:, p. 120. 3319: 3317:, p. 115. 3307: 3305:, p. 114. 3295: 3280: 3268: 3253: 3238: 3226: 3208: 3193: 3181: 3166: 3164:, p. 532. 3151: 3136: 3124: 3102: 3087:Chisholm, Hugh 3064: 3062: 3059: 3056: 3055: 3046: 3036: 3035: 3033: 3030: 3029: 3028: 3021: 3018: 3014: 3013: 3011: 3009: 3007: 3005: 3003: 3001: 2999: 2997: 2995: 2993: 2991: 2989: 2987: 2984: 2983: 2981: 2978: 2977: 2971: 2968: 2967: 2964: 2963: 2961: 2959: 2957: 2954: 2953: 2951: 2948: 2947: 2945: 2939: 2936: 2935: 2932: 2931: 2929: 2926: 2925: 2923: 2920: 2919: 2913: 2910: 2909: 2906: 2905: 2903: 2901: 2899: 2897: 2895: 2892: 2891: 2889: 2886: 2885: 2883: 2877: 2874: 2873: 2870: 2869: 2867: 2864: 2863: 2861: 2858: 2857: 2851: 2848: 2847: 2844: 2843: 2841: 2839: 2837: 2834: 2833: 2831: 2828: 2827: 2825: 2819: 2816: 2815: 2812: 2811: 2809: 2806: 2805: 2803: 2800: 2799: 2793: 2790: 2789: 2786: 2785: 2783: 2781: 2779: 2777: 2775: 2773: 2771: 2768: 2767: 2764: 2763: 2761: 2755: 2752: 2751: 2748: 2747: 2745: 2742: 2741: 2739: 2736: 2735: 2729: 2726: 2725: 2722: 2721: 2719: 2717: 2715: 2712: 2711: 2709: 2706: 2705: 2703: 2697: 2694: 2693: 2690: 2689: 2687: 2684: 2683: 2681: 2678: 2677: 2671: 2668: 2667: 2664: 2663: 2661: 2659: 2657: 2655: 2653: 2650: 2649: 2647: 2644: 2643: 2641: 2635: 2632: 2631: 2628: 2627: 2625: 2622: 2621: 2619: 2616: 2615: 2609: 2606: 2605: 2602: 2601: 2599: 2597: 2595: 2592: 2591: 2589: 2586: 2585: 2583: 2577: 2574: 2573: 2570: 2569: 2567: 2564: 2563: 2561: 2558: 2557: 2551: 2549: 2547: 2545: 2543: 2541: 2539: 2534: 2532: 2529: 2527: 2526: 2525: 2524: 2523: 2522: 2521: 2520: 2519: 2518: 2501: 2483: 2470: 2469: 2468: 2455: 2434: 2407: 2402: 2399: 2391: 2390: 2379:United Kingdom 2367: 2347: 2346: 2345: 2337:Knight of the 2335: 2327:Knight of the 2322:Russian Empire 2311: 2310: 2309: 2307:31 August 1815 2299: 2291:Knight of the 2276: 2256: 2235: 2233:31 August 1815 2214: 2213: 2212: 2206: 2200: 2194: 2188: 2180:Knight of the 2163: 2160: 2105: 2102: 2077: 2074: 2004:ultra-royalist 1893:a proclamation 1852:, mocking the 1838: 1835: 1751:Main article: 1748: 1745: 1741:Duchy of Lucca 1718:Duchy of Parma 1700: 1699: 1692: 1684: 1683: 1675: 1674: 1593: 1590: 1571:Main article: 1568: 1565: 1557:letters patent 1508:Hartwell House 1488: 1485: 1473:Great Yarmouth 1315:Jelgava Palace 1272:Jelgava Palace 1264: 1261: 1227:The young King 1215:Louis XVI was 1142: 1139: 1137: 1134: 1132:in June 1791. 1090:Louis Joseph, 1065:, sparked the 1042:Jacques Necker 1022:Main article: 1019: 1016: 1001:Jacques Necker 997:Lit de Justice 972:Lit de justice 776: 773: 761:Antonia Fraser 745:Victor Amadeus 718: 715: 629:Francis Xavier 619:. The name of 608:Fils de France 583: 580: 525:Ultra-royalist 523:headed by the 465:Napoleonic era 417:King of France 400: 399: 392: 388: 387: 382: 378: 377: 372: 368: 367: 362: 358: 357: 352: 346: 345: 330: 326: 321: 320: 318: 314: 313: 308: 304: 300: 299: 293:(aged 68) 287: 283: 282: 265: 261: 260: 257: 256: 251: 247: 246: 240: 236: 235: 231:8 June 1795 – 229: 225: 224: 217: 216: 214: 213: 206: 204: 199: 197: 190: 188: 181: 179: 172: 170: 165: 163: 156: 154: 147: 137: 136: 135: 133: 125: 124: 119: 115: 114: 102: 98: 97: 93:8 July 1815 – 91: 87: 86: 80: 76: 75: 68: 66:King of France 62: 61: 52: 44: 43: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 13681: 13670: 13667: 13665: 13662: 13660: 13657: 13655: 13652: 13650: 13647: 13645: 13642: 13640: 13637: 13635: 13632: 13630: 13627: 13625: 13622: 13620: 13617: 13615: 13612: 13610: 13607: 13605: 13602: 13600: 13597: 13595: 13592: 13590: 13587: 13585: 13582: 13580: 13577: 13575: 13572: 13570: 13567: 13565: 13562: 13560: 13557: 13555: 13552: 13550: 13547: 13545: 13542: 13540: 13537: 13535: 13532: 13530: 13527: 13525: 13522: 13520: 13517: 13515: 13512: 13510: 13507: 13505: 13502: 13500: 13497: 13495: 13492: 13490: 13487: 13485: 13482: 13480: 13477: 13475: 13472: 13471: 13469: 13462: 13457: 13452: 13447: 13445: 13435: 13433: 13423: 13422: 13419: 13402: 13399: 13397: 13394: 13392: 13389: 13387: 13384: 13382: 13379: 13377: 13374: 13372: 13369: 13366: 13365: 13364:Sans-culottes 13360: 13356: 13353: 13352: 13351: 13348: 13346: 13343: 13341: 13338: 13336: 13335:Metric system 13333: 13331: 13328: 13325: 13324: 13319: 13317: 13314: 13312: 13309: 13307: 13304: 13301: 13300: 13295: 13293: 13290: 13288: 13285: 13282: 13281: 13276: 13275: 13272: 13265: 13261: 13251: 13248: 13246: 13243: 13241: 13238: 13236: 13233: 13231: 13228: 13226: 13223: 13221: 13218: 13216: 13213: 13211: 13208: 13206: 13203: 13201: 13198: 13196: 13193: 13191: 13188: 13186: 13183: 13181: 13178: 13176: 13175: 13171: 13170: 13167: 13160: 13156: 13142: 13139: 13135: 13134:Panthéon Club 13132: 13130: 13127: 13126: 13125: 13122: 13121: 13119: 13115: 13109: 13106: 13104: 13101: 13099: 13096: 13094: 13091: 13089: 13086: 13084: 13081: 13079: 13076: 13074: 13071: 13069: 13066: 13064: 13061: 13059: 13056: 13054: 13051: 13049: 13046: 13044: 13041: 13039: 13036: 13034: 13031: 13029: 13026: 13024: 13023:Joachim Murat 13021: 13019: 13016: 13014: 13011: 13009: 13006: 13004: 13001: 12999: 12996: 12994: 12991: 12989: 12986: 12984: 12981: 12979: 12976: 12974: 12971: 12969: 12966: 12964: 12961: 12959: 12956: 12955: 12953: 12949: 12946: 12942: 12936: 12933: 12931: 12928: 12926: 12923: 12921: 12918: 12916: 12913: 12911: 12908: 12906: 12903: 12901: 12898: 12896: 12893: 12891: 12888: 12886: 12883: 12881: 12878: 12876: 12873: 12871: 12868: 12866: 12863: 12861: 12858: 12856: 12853: 12851: 12848: 12846: 12843: 12842: 12840: 12838: 12837: 12831: 12827: 12821: 12818: 12816: 12813: 12811: 12808: 12806: 12803: 12801: 12800:Gilbert Romme 12798: 12796: 12793: 12791: 12788: 12786: 12783: 12781: 12778: 12776: 12773: 12771: 12768: 12766: 12763: 12761: 12758: 12756: 12753: 12751: 12748: 12746: 12743: 12741: 12738: 12736: 12733: 12731: 12728: 12726: 12723: 12721: 12718: 12716: 12713: 12711: 12708: 12706: 12703: 12701: 12698: 12696: 12693: 12692: 12690: 12688: 12684: 12678: 12675: 12673: 12670: 12668: 12665: 12663: 12660: 12658: 12655: 12653: 12650: 12648: 12645: 12643: 12640: 12638: 12635: 12633: 12630: 12628: 12625: 12623: 12622:de Cambacérès 12620: 12618: 12615: 12614: 12612: 12610: 12606: 12600: 12597: 12595: 12592: 12590: 12587: 12585: 12582: 12580: 12577: 12575: 12572: 12570: 12567: 12565: 12562: 12560: 12557: 12555: 12552: 12550: 12547: 12545: 12541: 12539: 12538:Madame Roland 12536: 12534: 12531: 12529: 12526: 12525: 12523: 12521: 12517: 12511: 12508: 12506: 12503: 12501: 12498: 12496: 12493: 12491: 12488: 12486: 12483: 12481: 12478: 12476: 12475:André Chénier 12473: 12471: 12468: 12466: 12463: 12461: 12458: 12456: 12453: 12451: 12448: 12446: 12443: 12441: 12438: 12436: 12433: 12431: 12430:Grace Elliott 12428: 12427: 12425: 12422: 12421: 12415: 12410: 12404: 12401: 12399: 12396: 12394: 12391: 12389: 12386: 12384: 12381: 12379: 12376: 12374: 12371: 12369: 12366: 12365: 12363: 12361: 12357: 12350: 12346: 12332: 12329: 12327: 12324: 12323: 12321: 12319: 12314: 12308: 12302: 12299: 12297: 12294: 12292: 12289: 12288: 12286: 12284: 12279: 12273: 12267: 12264: 12262: 12259: 12258: 12256: 12254: 12249: 12243: 12237: 12234: 12233: 12231: 12229: 12224: 12218: 12212: 12209: 12207: 12204: 12202: 12199: 12197: 12194: 12191: 12190: 12188: 12186: 12181: 12175: 12169: 12166: 12164: 12161: 12159: 12153: 12151: 12148: 12146: 12143: 12141: 12138: 12136: 12130: 12128: 12125: 12123: 12117: 12115: 12109: 12107: 12101: 12099: 12096: 12094: 12088: 12086: 12083: 12081: 12075: 12073: 12070: 12068: 12065: 12064: 12062: 12060: 12055: 12049: 12046: 12044: 12040: 12030: 12027: 12026: 12024: 12022: 12018: 12012: 12009: 12007: 12004: 12002: 11999: 11997: 11994: 11992: 11991:Joseph Souham 11989: 11987: 11984: 11982: 11979: 11977: 11974: 11972: 11969: 11967: 11964: 11962: 11959: 11957: 11954: 11950: 11945: 11942: 11940: 11937: 11935: 11934:Joachim Murat 11932: 11930: 11927: 11925: 11922: 11920: 11917: 11915: 11914:André Masséna 11912: 11910: 11907: 11905: 11902: 11900: 11897: 11895: 11892: 11890: 11887: 11885: 11882: 11880: 11877: 11875: 11872: 11870: 11867: 11865: 11862: 11860: 11857: 11855: 11852: 11850: 11847: 11845: 11842: 11840: 11837: 11835: 11832: 11830: 11827: 11825: 11822: 11820: 11817: 11815: 11812: 11810: 11807: 11805: 11802: 11800: 11797: 11795: 11792: 11790: 11787: 11785: 11782: 11780: 11777: 11775: 11772: 11770: 11767: 11765: 11762: 11760: 11757: 11755: 11752: 11750: 11747: 11745: 11742: 11740: 11737: 11735: 11732: 11731: 11729: 11727: 11723: 11720: 11718: 11713: 11707: 11700: 11696: 11685:(25 Jun 1802) 11683: 11680: 11677:(25 Mar 1802) 11675: 11672: 11671: 11669: 11665: 11656: 11653: 11650:(18 Mar 1801) 11648: 11645: 11640: 11637: 11636: 11634: 11632: 11628: 11619: 11616: 11611: 11608: 11605:(15 Jun 1800) 11603: 11600: 11597:(14 Jun 1800) 11595: 11592: 11591: 11589: 11587: 11583: 11574: 11571: 11568:(15 Aug 1799) 11566: 11563: 11558: 11555: 11550: 11547: 11542: 11539: 11534: 11531: 11528:(25 Mar 1799) 11526: 11523: 11518: 11515: 11510: 11509:Siege of Acre 11507: 11502: 11499: 11498: 11496: 11494: 11490: 11481: 11480:Peasants' War 11478: 11473: 11470: 11465: 11462: 11457: 11454: 11449: 11446: 11445: 11443: 11441: 11437: 11430:(17 Oct 1797) 11428: 11425: 11422:(18 Apr 1797) 11420: 11417: 11414:(17 Apr 1797) 11412: 11409: 11406:(25 Jan 1797) 11404: 11401: 11396: 11393: 11390:(13 Jan 1797) 11388: 11385: 11380: 11377: 11376: 11374: 11372: 11368: 11359: 11356: 11351: 11348: 11343: 11340: 11335: 11332: 11329:(26 Oct 1796) 11327: 11324: 11321:(19 Oct 1796) 11319: 11316: 11311: 11308: 11303: 11300: 11295: 11292: 11289:(24 Aug 1796) 11287: 11284: 11281:(11 Aug 1796) 11279: 11276: 11274: 11271: 11266: 11263: 11258: 11255: 11250: 11247: 11246: 11244: 11242: 11238: 11232: 11229: 11224: 11221: 11220: 11218: 11216: 11212: 11203: 11200: 11195: 11192: 11190: 11187: 11184:(26 Jun 1794) 11182: 11179: 11174: 11171: 11168:(22 May 1794) 11166: 11163: 11160:(18 May 1794) 11158: 11155: 11149: 11146: 11143:(24 Apr 1794) 11141: 11138: 11137: 11135: 11133: 11129: 11120: 11117: 11115: 11112: 11109:(13 Oct 1793) 11107: 11104: 11099: 11096: 11094: 11091: 11089: 11086: 11084: 11081: 11079: 11076: 11074: 11071: 11069: 11066: 11061: 11058: 11055:(23 May 1793) 11053: 11050: 11048: 11045: 11043: 11040: 11038: 11035: 11034: 11032: 11030: 11026: 11018: 11013: 11010: 11008: 11005: 11003: 11000: 10998: 10995: 10990: 10988: 10985: 10983: 10980: 10979: 10977: 10975: 10972: 10970: 10967: 10965: 10962: 10961: 10959: 10957: 10953: 10946: 10942: 10932: 10929: 10926:(24 Dec 1799) 10924: 10921: 10916: 10913: 10910:(18 Jun 1799) 10908: 10905: 10904: 10902: 10898: 10891:(11 May 1798) 10889: 10886: 10885: 10883: 10879: 10870: 10867: 10862: 10859: 10858: 10856: 10852: 10843: 10840: 10835: 10832: 10828: 10825: 10823: 10820: 10819: 10815: 10812: 10809:(22 Aug 1795) 10807: 10804: 10799: 10796: 10795: 10793: 10789: 10782:(11 Nov 1794) 10780: 10777: 10772: 10769: 10766:(28 Jul 1794) 10763: 10760: 10757:(27 Jul 1794) 10755: 10752: 10749:(10 Jun 1794) 10747: 10744: 10739: 10735: 10732: 10731: 10729: 10725: 10716: 10713: 10710:(16 Oct 1793) 10708: 10705: 10702:(17 Sep 1793) 10700: 10697: 10692: 10691: 10687: 10684:(23 Aug 1793) 10682: 10679: 10676:(13 Jul 1793) 10674: 10671: 10666: 10663: 10659: 10656: 10654: 10651: 10650: 10646: 10643: 10638: 10635: 10632:(21 Jan 1793) 10630: 10627: 10626: 10624: 10620: 10613:(22 Sep 1792) 10611: 10608: 10603: 10600: 10595: 10592: 10589:(10 Aug 1792) 10587: 10584: 10579: 10576: 10573:(25 Jul 1792) 10571: 10568: 10565:(20 Apr 1792) 10563: 10560: 10559: 10557: 10553: 10544: 10541: 10536: 10533: 10530:(27 Aug 1791) 10528: 10525: 10522:(17 Jul 1791) 10520: 10517: 10512: 10509: 10508: 10506: 10502: 10495:(14 Jul 1790) 10493: 10492: 10488: 10485:(12 Jul 1790) 10483: 10480: 10477:(23 Jun 1790) 10475: 10471: 10466: 10463: 10462: 10460: 10456: 10447: 10444: 10439: 10436: 10433:(26 Aug 1789) 10431: 10428: 10423: 10420: 10415: 10412: 10409:(14 Jul 1789) 10407: 10404: 10399: 10396: 10393:(20 Jun 1789) 10391: 10388: 10383: 10380: 10377:(4 June 1789) 10375: 10372: 10367: 10364: 10361:(28 Apr 1789) 10359: 10356: 10351: 10350: 10346: 10345: 10343: 10339: 10332:(21 Jul 1788) 10330: 10327: 10322: 10319: 10318: 10316: 10312: 10305: 10301: 10295: 10294: 10290: 10288: 10287: 10283: 10281: 10280: 10276: 10274: 10273: 10269: 10267: 10266: 10262: 10260: 10259: 10255: 10253: 10252: 10248: 10246: 10245: 10241: 10239: 10238: 10237:Ancien Régime 10234: 10232: 10231: 10227: 10225: 10224: 10220: 10219: 10216: 10212: 10205: 10200: 10198: 10193: 10191: 10186: 10185: 10182: 10166: 10163: 10161: 10158: 10154: 10151: 10150: 10149: 10146: 10144: 10141: 10139: 10136: 10134: 10131: 10129: 10126: 10124: 10121: 10119: 10116: 10114: 10111: 10109: 10106: 10105: 10103: 10101:Miscellaneous 10099: 10093: 10090: 10088: 10085: 10083: 10080: 10078: 10075: 10073: 10070: 10068: 10065: 10063: 10060: 10058: 10055: 10053: 10050: 10048: 10045: 10043: 10040: 10038: 10035: 10033: 10030: 10028: 10025: 10023: 10020: 10018: 10015: 10013: 10010: 10008: 10005: 10003: 10000: 9998: 9995: 9993: 9990: 9989: 9987: 9983: 9977: 9974: 9972: 9969: 9967: 9964: 9962: 9959: 9957: 9954: 9952: 9949: 9947: 9944: 9942: 9939: 9935: 9932: 9931: 9930: 9927: 9925: 9922: 9920: 9917: 9915: 9912: 9910: 9907: 9906: 9904: 9898: 9892: 9889: 9887: 9884: 9882: 9879: 9877: 9874: 9872: 9869: 9867: 9864: 9862: 9859: 9857: 9854: 9852: 9849: 9847: 9844: 9842: 9839: 9837: 9834: 9832: 9829: 9827: 9824: 9822: 9819: 9817: 9814: 9812: 9809: 9807: 9804: 9802: 9799: 9797: 9794: 9792: 9789: 9787: 9784: 9782: 9779: 9777: 9776:Manuel Lapeña 9774: 9772: 9769: 9767: 9764: 9762: 9759: 9757: 9754: 9752: 9749: 9747: 9744: 9743: 9741: 9733: 9727: 9724: 9722: 9719: 9717: 9714: 9712: 9709: 9707: 9706:Prince Eugène 9704: 9702: 9699: 9697: 9694: 9692: 9689: 9687: 9684: 9682: 9679: 9677: 9674: 9672: 9669: 9667: 9664: 9662: 9659: 9657: 9656:André Masséna 9654: 9652: 9649: 9647: 9644: 9642: 9639: 9637: 9636:Joachim Murat 9634: 9632: 9629: 9627: 9624: 9623: 9621: 9613: 9610: 9606: 9596: 9593: 9591: 9588: 9586: 9583: 9581: 9580:Rocheserviere 9578: 9576: 9573: 9571: 9568: 9566: 9563: 9561: 9558: 9556: 9553: 9551: 9548: 9546: 9543: 9541: 9538: 9536: 9533: 9531: 9528: 9526: 9523: 9521: 9518: 9516: 9513: 9511: 9508: 9506: 9503: 9501: 9498: 9496: 9493: 9492: 9490: 9486: 9480: 9477: 9475: 9472: 9470: 9467: 9465: 9462: 9460: 9457: 9455: 9452: 9450: 9447: 9445: 9442: 9440: 9437: 9435: 9432: 9430: 9427: 9425: 9422: 9420: 9417: 9415: 9412: 9410: 9407: 9405: 9402: 9400: 9397: 9395: 9392: 9390: 9387: 9385: 9382: 9380: 9377: 9375: 9372: 9371: 9369: 9365: 9359: 9356: 9354: 9351: 9349: 9346: 9344: 9341: 9339: 9336: 9334: 9331: 9329: 9326: 9324: 9321: 9319: 9316: 9314: 9311: 9309: 9306: 9304: 9301: 9299: 9296: 9294: 9291: 9289: 9286: 9284: 9281: 9279: 9276: 9274: 9271: 9269: 9268:San Sebastián 9266: 9264: 9261: 9259: 9256: 9254: 9251: 9249: 9246: 9244: 9241: 9239: 9236: 9235: 9233: 9229: 9223: 9220: 9218: 9215: 9213: 9210: 9208: 9205: 9203: 9200: 9198: 9195: 9193: 9190: 9188: 9185: 9183: 9180: 9178: 9175: 9173: 9170: 9168: 9165: 9163: 9160: 9158: 9155: 9153: 9150: 9148: 9145: 9143: 9140: 9138: 9135: 9133: 9130: 9128: 9125: 9123: 9120: 9118: 9115: 9113: 9110: 9108: 9105: 9103: 9100: 9098: 9095: 9093: 9090: 9088: 9085: 9083: 9080: 9078: 9075: 9073: 9070: 9068: 9065: 9064: 9062: 9058: 9052: 9049: 9047: 9044: 9042: 9039: 9037: 9034: 9032: 9029: 9027: 9024: 9022: 9019: 9017: 9014: 9012: 9009: 9007: 9004: 9002: 8999: 8997: 8994: 8992: 8989: 8987: 8984: 8982: 8979: 8978: 8976: 8972: 8966: 8963: 8961: 8958: 8956: 8953: 8951: 8948: 8946: 8943: 8941: 8938: 8936: 8933: 8932: 8930: 8926: 8920: 8917: 8915: 8912: 8910: 8907: 8905: 8902: 8900: 8897: 8895: 8892: 8890: 8887: 8885: 8882: 8880: 8877: 8875: 8872: 8870: 8867: 8865: 8862: 8860: 8857: 8855: 8852: 8850: 8847: 8845: 8842: 8840: 8837: 8835: 8832: 8830: 8829:Sankt Michael 8827: 8825: 8822: 8820: 8817: 8815: 8812: 8810: 8807: 8805: 8802: 8800: 8797: 8795: 8792: 8790: 8787: 8785: 8782: 8780: 8777: 8775: 8772: 8770: 8767: 8765: 8762: 8760: 8757: 8755: 8752: 8750: 8747: 8745: 8744:Teugen-Hausen 8742: 8740: 8737: 8735: 8732: 8730: 8727: 8725: 8722: 8720: 8717: 8715: 8712: 8710: 8707: 8705: 8702: 8700: 8697: 8695: 8692: 8690: 8687: 8685: 8682: 8681: 8679: 8675: 8669: 8666: 8664: 8661: 8659: 8656: 8654: 8651: 8649: 8646: 8644: 8641: 8639: 8636: 8634: 8631: 8629: 8626: 8624: 8621: 8619: 8616: 8614: 8611: 8609: 8606: 8604: 8601: 8599: 8596: 8594: 8591: 8589: 8586: 8584: 8581: 8579: 8576: 8575: 8573: 8569: 8563: 8560: 8558: 8555: 8553: 8550: 8548: 8545: 8543: 8540: 8538: 8535: 8533: 8530: 8528: 8525: 8523: 8520: 8518: 8515: 8513: 8510: 8508: 8505: 8503: 8500: 8499: 8497: 8493: 8487: 8484: 8482: 8479: 8477: 8474: 8472: 8469: 8467: 8464: 8462: 8459: 8457: 8454: 8452: 8449: 8447: 8444: 8442: 8439: 8437: 8434: 8432: 8429: 8427: 8424: 8422: 8419: 8417: 8414: 8412: 8409: 8407: 8404: 8402: 8399: 8397: 8394: 8393: 8391: 8387: 8381: 8378: 8376: 8373: 8371: 8368: 8366: 8363: 8361: 8358: 8356: 8353: 8351: 8348: 8346: 8343: 8341: 8338: 8336: 8333: 8331: 8328: 8326: 8323: 8321: 8318: 8316: 8313: 8311: 8308: 8307: 8305: 8301: 8295: 8292: 8290: 8287: 8285: 8282: 8280: 8277: 8275: 8272: 8270: 8267: 8265: 8262: 8261: 8259: 8257: 8253: 8250: 8244: 8234: 8231: 8229: 8226: 8224: 8221: 8219: 8216: 8214: 8211: 8209: 8206: 8204: 8201: 8199: 8196: 8194: 8191: 8189: 8186: 8184: 8181: 8179: 8176: 8174: 8171: 8169: 8166: 8164: 8161: 8159: 8156: 8154: 8151: 8150: 8148: 8146: 8140: 8134: 8131: 8129: 8126: 8124: 8121: 8119: 8116: 8112: 8109: 8107: 8104: 8102: 8099: 8097: 8094: 8093: 8092: 8089: 8087: 8084: 8082: 8079: 8077: 8074: 8072: 8069: 8067: 8064: 8062: 8059: 8057: 8054: 8053: 8051: 8047: 8046:client states 8041: 8038: 8032: 8026: 8025: 8021: 8019: 8018: 8014: 8012: 8011: 8007: 8005: 8004: 8000: 7998: 7997: 7993: 7991: 7990: 7986: 7984: 7983: 7979: 7978: 7975: 7971: 7964: 7959: 7957: 7952: 7950: 7945: 7944: 7941: 7929: 7922: 7915: 7911: 7907: 7903: 7901: 7897: 7895: 7891: 7887: 7883: 7881: 7877: 7873: 7868: 7864: 7862: 7858: 7856: 7852: 7850: 7846: 7844: 7840: 7839: 7837: 7834: 7830: 7823: 7819: 7817: 7813: 7811: 7807: 7805: 7801: 7799: 7795: 7793: 7789: 7787: 7783: 7781: 7777: 7776: 7774: 7771: 7767: 7760: 7756: 7754: 7750: 7748: 7744: 7742: 7738: 7736: 7735:Philippe VIII 7732: 7729: 7725: 7723: 7719: 7717: 7713: 7711: 7707: 7706: 7704: 7701: 7697: 7693: 7685: 7676: 7665: 7661: 7659: 7655: 7653: 7649: 7648: 7646: 7643: 7639: 7635: 7631: 7624: 7619: 7617: 7612: 7610: 7605: 7604: 7601: 7589: 7588: 7584: 7582: 7581: 7577: 7576: 7574: 7570: 7563: 7553: 7550: 7548: 7545: 7543: 7540: 7538: 7535: 7533: 7532: 7527: 7525: 7522: 7520: 7517: 7515: 7512: 7511: 7509: 7505: 7501: 7494: 7489: 7487: 7482: 7480: 7475: 7474: 7471: 7459: 7458: 7454: 7452: 7451: 7447: 7446: 7444: 7440: 7434: 7431: 7429: 7426: 7424: 7421: 7419: 7416: 7414: 7411: 7409: 7406: 7405: 7403: 7401: 7397: 7391: 7388: 7386: 7383: 7381: 7378: 7376: 7373: 7371: 7368: 7366: 7363: 7361: 7358: 7356: 7353: 7351: 7348: 7347: 7345: 7342: 7338: 7331: 7321: 7318: 7316: 7313: 7311: 7308: 7306: 7303: 7301: 7298: 7297: 7295: 7291: 7287: 7280: 7275: 7273: 7268: 7266: 7261: 7260: 7257: 7246: 7242: 7238: 7232: 7226: 7223: 7221: 7220:Ferdinand III 7218: 7216: 7213: 7211: 7208: 7206: 7203: 7201: 7198: 7196: 7193: 7192: 7190: 7187: 7183: 7177: 7174: 7172: 7169: 7167: 7164: 7162: 7159: 7157: 7154: 7153: 7151: 7148: 7144: 7138: 7135: 7133: 7130: 7129: 7127: 7124: 7120: 7114: 7111: 7109: 7106: 7104: 7101: 7099: 7096: 7094: 7091: 7089: 7086: 7084: 7081: 7079: 7076: 7075: 7073: 7070: 7066: 7060: 7057: 7055: 7052: 7051: 7049: 7046: 7042: 7036: 7033: 7032: 7030: 7028: 7024: 7018: 7015: 7013: 7010: 7009: 7007: 7005: 7004:House of Foix 7001: 6995: 6992: 6990: 6989: 6985: 6983: 6982: 6978: 6976: 6973: 6972: 6970: 6968: 6964: 6958: 6955: 6953: 6950: 6948: 6945: 6943: 6940: 6939: 6937: 6935: 6931: 6925: 6922: 6920: 6917: 6915: 6912: 6910: 6907: 6905: 6902: 6900: 6897: 6896: 6894: 6892: 6888: 6882: 6879: 6877: 6874: 6872: 6869: 6867: 6864: 6863: 6861: 6859: 6855: 6849: 6846: 6844: 6841: 6839: 6836: 6834: 6831: 6829: 6826: 6824: 6821: 6819: 6816: 6814: 6811: 6809: 6806: 6804: 6801: 6799: 6796: 6794: 6791: 6789: 6788:Jimeno Garcés 6786: 6784: 6781: 6780: 6778: 6776: 6772: 6766: 6765:Fortún Garcés 6763: 6761: 6758: 6756: 6753: 6752: 6750: 6746: 6742: 6738: 6731: 6726: 6724: 6719: 6717: 6712: 6711: 6708: 6697: 6691: 6685: 6682: 6681: 6679: 6676: 6672: 6666: 6665: 6661: 6659: 6656: 6655: 6653: 6650: 6646: 6640: 6639: 6635: 6633: 6632: 6628: 6626: 6623: 6621: 6618: 6617: 6615: 6612: 6608: 6602: 6601: 6597: 6595: 6592: 6591: 6589: 6586: 6582: 6576: 6575: 6571: 6569: 6566: 6564: 6561: 6559: 6556: 6554: 6551: 6549: 6546: 6545: 6543: 6540: 6536: 6530: 6529: 6525: 6524: 6522: 6520: 6517: 6516: 6511: 6505: 6502: 6500: 6497: 6495: 6492: 6490: 6487: 6485: 6482: 6480: 6477: 6475: 6472: 6470: 6467: 6465: 6462: 6460: 6457: 6455: 6452: 6450: 6447: 6445: 6442: 6441: 6439: 6436: 6432: 6426: 6423: 6421: 6418: 6416: 6413: 6411: 6408: 6406: 6403: 6401: 6398: 6396: 6393: 6391: 6388: 6386: 6383: 6381: 6378: 6376: 6373: 6371: 6368: 6366: 6363: 6361: 6358: 6356: 6353: 6352: 6350: 6347: 6343: 6337: 6334: 6332: 6329: 6327: 6324: 6322: 6319: 6317: 6314: 6312: 6309: 6307: 6304: 6302: 6299: 6297: 6294: 6292: 6289: 6287: 6284: 6282: 6279: 6277: 6274: 6271: 6268: 6266: 6263: 6261: 6258: 6257: 6255: 6252: 6248: 6243: 6239: 6233: 6232:Childeric III 6230: 6228: 6225: 6223: 6220: 6218: 6215: 6213: 6210: 6208: 6205: 6203: 6200: 6198: 6197:Theuderic III 6195: 6193: 6190: 6188: 6185: 6183: 6180: 6178: 6175: 6173: 6170: 6168: 6165: 6163: 6162:Childebert II 6160: 6158: 6155: 6153: 6150: 6148: 6145: 6143: 6140: 6138: 6135: 6133: 6130: 6128: 6125: 6124: 6122: 6119: 6115: 6108: 6105: 6103: 6100: 6098: 6095: 6093: 6090: 6089: 6085: 6076: 6071: 6069: 6064: 6062: 6057: 6056: 6053: 6042: 6041: 6032: 6026: 6023: 6022: 6020: 6016: 6010: 6007: 6005: 6002: 6000: 5997: 5995: 5992: 5991: 5989: 5985: 5979: 5976: 5974: 5971: 5969: 5966: 5964: 5961: 5959: 5956: 5955: 5953: 5949: 5943: 5940: 5938: 5935: 5934: 5932: 5928: 5921: 5918: 5915: 5912: 5910: 5909:King Louis XV 5907: 5905: 5902: 5900: 5897: 5896: 5894: 5890: 5884: 5881: 5878: 5875: 5873: 5870: 5869: 5867: 5863: 5857: 5854: 5852: 5849: 5847: 5844: 5842: 5839: 5838: 5836: 5832: 5826: 5823: 5821: 5818: 5816: 5813: 5812: 5810: 5806: 5801: 5791: 5788: 5786: 5783: 5781: 5778: 5777: 5775: 5771: 5766: 5765: 5760: 5759: 5758:Son of France 5754: 5753: 5746: 5742: 5735: 5730: 5728: 5723: 5721: 5716: 5715: 5712: 5697: 5686: 5685: 5684: 5677: 5670: 5664: 5654: 5643: 5642: 5641: 5634: 5628: 5627:Loss of title 5624: 5621: 5617: 5613: 5604: 5603: 5596: 5590: 5587:Royal titles 5585: 5582: 5581: 5574: 5567: 5566: 5565:Duke of Anjou 5560: 5559: 5552: 5548: 5545: 5541: 5537: 5528: 5527: 5517: 5513: 5509: 5502: 5498: 5491: 5490: 5484: 5483: 5472: 5468: 5464: 5459: 5454: 5447: 5442: 5441: 5434: 5433: 5424: 5419: 5416: 5415: 5405: 5401: 5397: 5393: 5389: 5385: 5384: 5378: 5377: 5367: 5362: 5358: 5353: 5349: 5344: 5340: 5336: 5332: 5328: 5324: 5320: 5315: 5314: 5304: 5298: 5295:. Pan Books. 5294: 5289: 5285: 5279: 5275: 5270: 5266: 5264:0-7509-2217-6 5260: 5256: 5255: 5249: 5245: 5243:2-2130-1545-7 5239: 5235: 5231: 5227: 5223: 5217: 5213: 5208: 5204: 5200: 5196: 5192: 5187: 5183: 5177: 5173: 5168: 5164: 5160: 5159:History Today 5155: 5151: 5150: 5144: 5140: 5139: 5133: 5132: 5120: 5116: 5115: 5108: 5102: 5098: 5094: 5088: 5073: 5069: 5062: 5054: 5050: 5046: 5040: 5034: 5030: 5025: 5017: 5013: 5012: 5004: 4988: 4984: 4980: 4976: 4972: 4968: 4961: 4959: 4957: 4940: 4936: 4929: 4923: 4919: 4918: 4912: 4896: 4895: 4886: 4879: 4874: 4867: 4862: 4855: 4850: 4843: 4838: 4831: 4826: 4819: 4814: 4807: 4802: 4795: 4790: 4783: 4778: 4776: 4769:, p. 98. 4768: 4763: 4757:, p. 94. 4756: 4751: 4745:, p. 93. 4744: 4739: 4732: 4727: 4721:, p. 89. 4720: 4715: 4708: 4703: 4696: 4691: 4684: 4679: 4672: 4667: 4661:, p. 84. 4660: 4655: 4648: 4643: 4635: 4631: 4627: 4623: 4619: 4615: 4611: 4607: 4603: 4596: 4581: 4577: 4571: 4564: 4559: 4552: 4547: 4540: 4535: 4528: 4523: 4516: 4511: 4503: 4496: 4489: 4484: 4477: 4472: 4465: 4460: 4453: 4448: 4441: 4436: 4430:, p. 83. 4429: 4424: 4417: 4412: 4406:, p. 81. 4405: 4400: 4394:, p. 80. 4393: 4388: 4382:, p. 79. 4381: 4376: 4369: 4364: 4358:, p. 75. 4357: 4352: 4345: 4340: 4333: 4328: 4321: 4316: 4309: 4304: 4298:, p. 69. 4297: 4292: 4286:, p. 55. 4285: 4280: 4274:, p. 54. 4273: 4268: 4262:, p. 53. 4261: 4256: 4250:, p. 52. 4249: 4244: 4237: 4232: 4225: 4220: 4213: 4208: 4201: 4196: 4188: 4181: 4174: 4169: 4162: 4157: 4150: 4145: 4138: 4133: 4126: 4121: 4114: 4109: 4102: 4097: 4090: 4085: 4078: 4073: 4066: 4061: 4054: 4049: 4042: 4037: 4030: 4025: 4018: 4013: 4005: 3999: 3991: 3984: 3982: 3974: 3969: 3962: 3957: 3950: 3945: 3938: 3933: 3931: 3923: 3918: 3911: 3906: 3904: 3896: 3891: 3884: 3879: 3877: 3869: 3864: 3862: 3854: 3849: 3842: 3837: 3830: 3825: 3818: 3813: 3806: 3801: 3794: 3789: 3782: 3777: 3770: 3765: 3758: 3753: 3746: 3741: 3734: 3729: 3722: 3717: 3711:, p. 65. 3710: 3705: 3698: 3693: 3685: 3681: 3675: 3668: 3663: 3656: 3651: 3645:, p. 44. 3644: 3639: 3633:, p. 45. 3632: 3627: 3620: 3615: 3609:, p. 44. 3608: 3603: 3597:, p. 40. 3596: 3591: 3585:, p. 39. 3584: 3579: 3573:, p. 41. 3572: 3567: 3561:, p. 40. 3560: 3555: 3549:, p. 38. 3548: 3543: 3536: 3531: 3525:, p. 34. 3524: 3519: 3513:, p. 29. 3512: 3507: 3501:, p. 30. 3500: 3495: 3489:, p. 28. 3488: 3483: 3476: 3471: 3464: 3459: 3452: 3447: 3440: 3435: 3427: 3425:2-262-00035-2 3421: 3417: 3416:Madame Royale 3410: 3404:, p. 21. 3403: 3398: 3392:, p. 16. 3391: 3386: 3380:, p. 43. 3379: 3374: 3367: 3362: 3355: 3350: 3343: 3338: 3336: 3328: 3323: 3316: 3311: 3304: 3299: 3292: 3287: 3285: 3277: 3272: 3266:, p. 24. 3265: 3260: 3258: 3251:, p. 20. 3250: 3245: 3243: 3236:, p. 12. 3235: 3230: 3222: 3221: 3212: 3206:, p. 11. 3205: 3200: 3198: 3191:, p. 41. 3190: 3185: 3179:, p. 10. 3178: 3173: 3171: 3163: 3158: 3156: 3148: 3143: 3141: 3133: 3128: 3112: 3106: 3098: 3097: 3092: 3088: 3083: 3082:public domain 3069: 3065: 3050: 3041: 3037: 3027: 3024: 3023: 3012: 3010: 3008: 3006: 3004: 3002: 3000: 2998: 2996: 2994: 2992: 2990: 2988: 2986: 2985: 2982: 2980: 2979: 2976: 2970: 2969: 2966: 2965: 2956: 2955: 2950: 2949: 2944: 2938: 2937: 2934: 2933: 2928: 2927: 2922: 2921: 2918: 2912: 2911: 2908: 2907: 2894: 2893: 2888: 2887: 2882: 2876: 2875: 2872: 2871: 2866: 2865: 2860: 2859: 2856: 2850: 2849: 2846: 2845: 2836: 2835: 2830: 2829: 2824: 2818: 2817: 2814: 2813: 2808: 2807: 2802: 2801: 2798: 2792: 2791: 2788: 2787: 2770: 2769: 2766: 2765: 2760: 2754: 2753: 2750: 2749: 2744: 2743: 2738: 2737: 2734: 2728: 2727: 2724: 2723: 2714: 2713: 2708: 2707: 2702: 2696: 2695: 2692: 2691: 2686: 2685: 2680: 2679: 2676: 2670: 2669: 2666: 2665: 2652: 2651: 2646: 2645: 2640: 2634: 2633: 2630: 2629: 2624: 2623: 2618: 2617: 2614: 2608: 2607: 2604: 2603: 2594: 2593: 2588: 2587: 2582: 2576: 2575: 2572: 2571: 2566: 2565: 2560: 2559: 2556: 2550: 2538: 2537: 2516: 2513: 2510: 2509: 2508: 2506: 2502: 2499: 2496: 2493: 2492: 2490: 2487: 2484: 2482: 2479: 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1911: 1910:privy council 1905: 1901: 1897: 1894: 1890: 1882: 1878: 1874: 1870: 1866: 1861: 1855: 1851: 1847: 1843: 1834: 1832: 1828: 1824: 1819: 1817: 1816:French Empire 1813: 1810:, halting in 1809: 1805: 1799: 1797: 1793: 1789: 1788:Marshal Soult 1785: 1781: 1776: 1772: 1764: 1759: 1754: 1744: 1742: 1737: 1734: 1729: 1727: 1726:Joachim Murat 1723: 1719: 1715: 1711: 1707: 1697: 1693: 1690: 1686: 1685: 1681: 1676: 1671: 1668: 1665: 1660: 1658: 1654: 1650: 1646: 1637: 1633: 1630: 1626: 1622: 1618: 1614: 1610: 1605: 1602: 1598: 1587: 1583: 1579: 1574: 1564: 1562: 1561:French Senate 1558: 1553: 1550: 1549: 1541: 1539: 1534: 1532: 1528: 1524: 1519: 1517: 1513: 1509: 1505: 1504:Gosfield Hall 1497: 1493: 1484: 1482: 1478: 1477:Gosfield Hall 1474: 1470: 1466: 1461: 1459: 1454: 1453: 1452:Ancien Régime 1446: 1444: 1439: 1436: 1432: 1428: 1424: 1419: 1417: 1413: 1409: 1405: 1401: 1400:South Prussia 1397: 1393: 1389: 1385: 1380: 1375: 1370: 1366: 1364: 1359: 1357: 1353: 1349: 1344: 1341: 1335: 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When the 409:the Desired 405:Louis XVIII 385:Catholicism 250:Predecessor 244:8 July 1815 211:(1821–1824) 202:(1820–1821) 195:(1819–1820) 186:(1818–1819) 177:(1815–1818) 161:(1814–1815) 101:Predecessor 58: 1814 42:Louis XVIII 13468:Categories 13129:Cordeliers 13043:Talleyrand 12968:Louis XVII 12830:Hébertists 12584:Jean Debry 12414:Feuillants 12043:Opposition 11939:Michel Ney 11361:(Dec 1796) 10969:Thionville 10872:(Dec 1797) 10845:(May 1796) 10837:5 Oct 1795 10814:Directoire 10694:(painting) 10597:(Sep 1792) 10581:(Jun 1792) 10414:Great Fear 10353:(Jan 1789) 10244:Revolution 10118:Casualties 10032:Schönbrunn 10007:Artlenburg 9756:John Moore 9661:Michel Ney 9530:Scapezzano 9520:Cesenatico 9464:Montmartre 9394:Montmirail 9328:Wartenburg 9283:Großbeeren 9142:Gorodechno 9132:Klyastitsy 9112:Saltanovka 9001:Casal Novo 8874:Hollabrunn 8859:Korneuburg 8653:Somosierra 8557:Copenhagen 8380:Austerlitz 8370:Dürenstein 8106:Westphalia 8049:and allies 7843:Napoléon I 7841:1814 1815 7810:Jacques II 7804:Alphonse I 7786:Charles XI 7696:Legitimist 7658:Louis XVII 7320:Charles IV 7225:Isabella I 7210:Charles VI 7195:Philip VII 7156:Charles IV 6988:Blanche II 6981:Charles IV 6947:Charles II 6942:Philip III 6866:Theobald I 6848:Sancho VII 6808:Sancho III 6594:Napoleon I 6574:Louis XVII 6553:Louis XIII 6499:Charles IX 6494:Francis II 6459:Charles VI 6425:Charles IV 6400:Philip III 6390:Louis VIII 6355:Hugh Capet 6348:(987–1328) 6281:Charles II 6265:Carloman I 6247:Robertians 6172:Dagobert I 6157:Sigebert I 6137:Chlothar I 5669:Louis XVII 5606:1774–1793 5518:as emperor 5503:as emperor 5501:Napoleon I 5473:as emperor 5471:Napoleon I 5099:, London, 4878:Nagel 2008 4866:Nagel 2008 4854:Price 2008 4842:Lever 1988 4830:Price 2008 4818:Price 2008 4806:Nagel 2008 4782:Price 2008 4767:Price 2008 4755:Price 2008 4743:Price 2008 4731:Price 2008 4719:Price 2008 4659:Price 2008 4647:Lever 1988 4428:Price 2008 4416:Price 2008 4404:Price 2008 4392:Price 2008 4380:Price 2008 4356:Price 2008 4296:Price 2008 4284:Price 2008 4272:Price 2008 4260:Price 2008 4248:Price 2008 4212:Price 2008 4200:Fenby 2015 4173:Price 2008 4137:Nagel 2008 4125:Nagel 2008 4113:Nagel 2008 4101:Nagel 2008 4077:Nagel 2008 4065:Nagel 2008 4053:Nagel 2008 4041:Nagel 2008 4029:Nagel 2008 4017:Nagel 2008 3961:Nagel 2008 3949:Nagel 2008 3937:Nagel 2008 3922:Nagel 2008 3910:Nagel 2008 3895:Nagel 2008 3883:Nagel 2008 3868:Nagel 2008 3853:Nagel 2008 3841:Nagel 2008 3817:Nagel 2008 3805:Nagel 2008 3793:Nagel 2008 3709:Nagel 2008 3147:Nagel 2008 3061:References 2491:(b. 1757) 2464:Louis XVII 2401:Succession 1467:bound for 1174:, was the 957:, but the 905:Parc Balbi 508:absolutist 458:Louis XVII 272:1755-11-17 254:Louis XVII 239:2nd tenure 233:3 May 1814 228:1st tenure 222:(claimant) 105:Napoleon I 13432:Biography 12963:Louis XVI 12958:Charles X 12609:The Plain 12520:Girondins 12460:Lafayette 12121:(Walloon) 12103:Pál Kray 12079:(Walloon) 11621:(1800–02) 11472:Quasi-War 10931:Consulate 10817:(1795–99) 10272:Consulate 10265:Directory 10082:Casalanza 10057:Tauroggen 10012:Pressburg 9997:Lunéville 9902:conflicts 9735:Coalition 9585:La Suffel 9535:Tolentino 9419:Montereau 9404:Vauchamps 9353:Bornhöved 9308:Dennewitz 9253:Tarragona 9202:Chashniki 9102:Salamanca 9026:Tarragona 8950:Barquilla 8904:Almonacid 8864:Stockerau 8834:Stralsund 8804:2nd Porto 8784:Ebelsberg 8754:Abensberg 8724:1st Porto 8684:Castellón 8668:Benavente 8633:Valmaseda 8547:Friedland 8542:Heilsberg 8512:Ostrołęka 8502:Mohrungen 8436:Magdeburg 8365:Amstetten 8350:Trafalgar 8335:Elchingen 8320:Wertingen 8218:Brunswick 8143:Coalition 7912:present ( 7792:Jacques I 7753:Henri VII 7716:Louis XIX 7710:Charles X 7666:1814 1815 7652:Louis XVI 7310:Louis III 7176:Charles V 7171:Philip VI 7161:Philip IV 7113:Charles V 7093:Louis III 7083:Henry III 7017:Catherine 6957:Blanche I 6919:Charles I 6914:Philip II 6843:Sancho VI 6833:Alfonso I 6818:Sancho IV 6798:Sancho II 6631:Louis XIX 6625:Charles X 6568:Louis XVI 6558:Louis XIV 6504:Henry III 6484:Francis I 6479:Louis XII 6454:Charles V 6444:Philip VI 6405:Philip IV 6385:Philip II 6380:Louis VII 6360:Robert II 6291:Louis III 6253:(751–987) 6202:Clovis IV 6182:Clovis II 6120:(509–751) 5536:Charles X 5482:Louis XVI 5359:. Morrow. 4983:0873-1330 4634:144649560 4626:0260-6755 4527:Artz 1931 4452:Artz 1938 3998:cite book 3992:. Warsaw. 3684:Louis XVI 3117:12 August 2531:Ancestors 2517:(b. 1820) 2500:(b. 1775) 2443:Louis XVI 2062:tabatière 2054:Zoé Talon 2041:Salic law 2037:Dieudonné 1469:Stockholm 1431:Edinburgh 1416:Louis XVI 1384:Languedoc 1305:In 1798, 1286:with her 1263:1796–1807 1259:in 1796. 1235:Salic law 981:Parlement 977:Parlement 963:Parlement 959:Parlement 955:parlement 951:parlement 946:Parlement 899:In 1780, 878:Salic Law 640:Louis XVI 547:Charles X 440:Louis XVI 413:le Désiré 411:(French: 391:Signature 122:Charles X 118:Successor 90:2nd reign 79:1st reign 13456:Monarchy 13323:Panthéon 13311:Muscadin 13306:Marianne 13245:Voltaire 13124:Jacobins 13117:Factions 12657:Mirabeau 12113:(French) 11007:Jemappes 10991:Dauphiné 10474:Nobility 10286:Journals 10279:Glossary 10258:Republic 10230:Timeline 10153:Uniforms 10067:Chaumont 9985:Treaties 9686:Joseph I 9626:Napoleon 9570:Waterloo 9510:Casaglia 9474:Toulouse 9358:Sehested 9333:Bidassoa 9313:2nd Kulm 9298:1st Kulm 9288:Katzbach 9278:Sorauren 9273:Pyrenees 9238:Castalla 9222:Berezina 9212:Smoliani 9182:Tarutino 9167:Borodino 9157:Valutino 9147:Smolensk 9117:Ostrovno 9087:Maguilla 9051:Valencia 9041:Saguntum 8889:Talavera 8769:Ratisbon 8759:Landshut 8734:Bergisel 8729:Medellín 8643:Espinosa 8603:Valencia 8476:Czarnowo 8446:Pasewalk 8441:Prenzlau 8416:Saalfeld 8355:Caldiero 8325:Günzburg 8203:Sardinia 8178:Portugal 7914:disputed 7822:Louis XX 7780:Jean III 7747:Henri VI 7741:Jean III 7580:Emmanuel 7547:Philippe 7413:Philippe 7380:Philippe 7370:Philippe 7360:François 7343:of Anjou 7341:Appanage 7305:Louis II 7200:Louis II 7166:Philip V 7137:Joan III 7108:Louis VI 7098:Louis IV 7088:Louis II 7059:Joan III 7054:Henry II 7035:John III 6899:Philip I 6823:Sancho V 6783:Sancho I 6737:Monarchs 6563:Louis XV 6548:Henry IV 6489:Henry II 6469:Louis XI 6420:Philip V 6395:Louis IX 6375:Louis VI 6370:Philip I 6326:Louis IV 6316:Robert I 6286:Louis II 6251:Bosonids 6127:Clovis I 5752:Henri IV 5602:Monsieur 5558:Philippe 5232:(1988). 5078:17 March 4993:17 March 4945:24 March 4922:AllMovie 4901:21 April 3682:(1985). 3020:See also 2155:Napoleon 2114:Waterloo 2086:gangrene 1999:francs. 1319:Courland 1288:Habsburg 1186:and the 989:Burgundy 985:Brittany 859:Victoire 855:Adélaïde 847:Sardinia 839:Chambéry 835:Clotilde 820:appanage 812:Monsieur 807:smallpox 717:Marriage 485:Napoleon 427:and the 381:Religion 281:, France 140:See list 13418:Portals 13205:Diderot 12951:Figures 12836:Enragés 12542:Father 12253:Prussia 12185:Britain 12134:(Saxon) 12092:(Swiss) 12059:Austria 9900:Related 9479:Bayonne 9444:Craonne 9414:Mormant 9374:Brienne 9348:Nivelle 9338:Leipzig 9293:Dresden 9263:Vitoria 9248:Bautzen 9217:Krasnoi 9162:Mesoten 9122:Vitebsk 9082:Almaraz 9072:Badajoz 9031:Albuera 9016:Almeida 9011:Sabugal 8996:Redinha 8986:Barrosa 8965:Bussaco 8960:Almeida 8940:Astorga 8909:Tamames 8869:Gefrees 8824:Alcañiz 8764:Eckmühl 8694:Corunna 8663:Sahagún 8628:Zornoza 8623:Vimeiro 8593:Cabezón 8517:Kolberg 8486:Pułtusk 8481:Golymin 8471:Hamelin 8451:Stettin 8411:Schleiz 8256:Prelude 8248:battles 8223:Hanover 8168:Prussia 8158:Austria 8096:Bavaria 8076:Etruria 8071:Holland 8043:France, 8036:gerents 7888:/ 1891 7824:present 7761:present 7759:Jean IV 7722:Henri V 7529:César, 7519:Antoine 7514:Charles 7433:Alfonso 7300:Louis I 7243:. Also 7239:. 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