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particularly beneficial for the largely agricultural India. In spite of damaging certain areas of farmland by increasing soil salinity, overall the individuals living along the canal were noticeably better fed and clothed than those who were not. Increasing irrigated area resulted in increase in population. Reforms to improve the condition of the increased population such as immunization and establishment of educational institutions were never implemented. This kept the population poor and bonded to agricultural activities promoting bonded labour. Europeanization and consolidation of authority were the keynote of his policy. In nine minutes he suggested means for strengthening the
Company's European forces, calling attention to the dangers that threatened the British community, a handful of scattered strangers; but beyond the additional powers of recruitment which at his entreaty were granted in the last charter act of 1853, his proposals were shelved by the home authorities as they represented yet more expense added to the cost of India. In his administration Dalhousie vigorously asserted his control over even minor military affairs, and when
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weighty papers dealing with public affairs in India. Even after laying down office and while on his way home, he forced himself, ill as he was, to review his own administration in a document of such importance that the House of
Commons gave orders for its being printed (Blue Book 245 of 1856). Another consequential set of reforms, were those aimed at modernizing the land tenure and revenue system. Throughout his time in office, Dalhousie disposed large landowners from portions of their estates. He also implemented policies attempting to end the rule of the zamindar tax farmers, as he viewed them as destructive "drones of the soil". However, thousands of smaller landlords had their holdings completely removed as did the relatively poor who leased small parcels of their land while farming the rest. This was particularly significant as the sepoys were often recruited from these economic groups. He introduced a system of open competition as the basis of recruitment for civil servants of the company and thus deprived the Directors of their patronage system under Government of India Act 1853.
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commands; an army clothing and a stud department were created, and the medical service underwent complete reorganization. A department of public works was established in each presidency, and engineering colleges were provided. An imperial system of telegraphs followed. The first link of railway communication was completed in 1855, and well-considered plans mapped out the course of other lines and their method of administration. Dalhousie encouraged private enterprise to develop railways in India for the good of the people and also to reduce absolute dependence on the government. However, as an authoritarian, utilitarian ruler, Dalhousie brought the railways under state control-attempting to bring the greatest benefit to India from the expanding network.
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insisted on leaving all matters concerning Persia and
Central Asia to the decision of the queen's advisers. After the conquest of the Punjab, he began the expensive process of attempting to police and control the Northwest Frontier region. The hillmen, he wrote, regard the plains as their food and prey, and the Afridis, Mohmands, Black Mountain tribes, Waziris and others had to be taught that their new neighbours would not tolerate outrages. But he proclaimed to one and all his desire for peace, and urged upon them the duty of tribal responsibility. Nevertheless, the military engagement on the northwest frontier of India he began grew yearly in cost and continued without pause until the British left Pakistan.
1048:, directing him to submit a report on the condition of the province. This was furnished in March 1855. The report provided the British an excuse for action based on "disorder and misrule". Dalhousie, looking at the treaty of 1801, decided that he could do as he wished with Oudh as long as he had the king's consent. He then demanded a transfer to the Company of the entire administration of Oudh, the king merely retaining his royal rank, certain privileges in the courts, and a liberal allowance. If he should refuse this arrangement, a general rising would be arranged, and then the British government would intervene on its own terms.
461:, where he worked fairly hard, won some distinction, and made many lifelong friends. His studies, however, were so greatly interrupted by the protracted illness and death in 1832 of his only surviving brother, that Lord Ramsay, as he then became, had to content himself with entering for a pass degree, though he was placed in fourth class of honours for Michaelmas 1833. He then travelled in Italy and Switzerland, enriching with copious entries the diary which he religiously kept up through life, and storing his mind with valuable observations.
1025:, who advocated an offensive alliance, and those of John Lawrence, who would have avoided any sort of engagement. He himself drafted the short treaty of peace and friendship which Lawrence signed in 1855, that officer receiving in 1856 the Order of the Bath as a Knight Commander in acknowledgement of his services in the matter. While, however, Dalhousie was content with a mutual engagement with the Afghan chief, binding each party to respect the territories of the other, he saw that a larger measure of interference was needed in
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715:"audacious and eccentric and often Evangelical pioneers". In an attempt to minimize further conflict, he removed a number of these officials, establishing what he believed to be a more logical and rational system in which the Punjab was systematically divided into districts and divisions, governed by District officers and Commissioners respectively. This lasting system of rule established governance through a young maharaja under a triumvirate of the Governor General.
711:, the Sikh army surrendered at Rawalpindi, and their Afghan allies were chased out of India. In spite of substantial attempts by Sikh and Muslim forces to polarize opposition through religious and anti-British sentiment, Dalhousie's military commanders were able to maintain the loyalty of troops, with the exception of a small number of Gurkah deserters. For his services the Earl of Dalhousie received the thanks of the Parliament and a step in the peerage, as Marquess.
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interference was only justified if the administration of native princes tends unquestionably to the injury of the subjects or of the allies of the
British government. He negotiated in 1853 a treaty with the nizam, which provided funds for the maintenance of the contingent kept up by the British in support of that princes' authority, by the assignment of the Berars in lieu of annual payments of the cost and large outstanding arrears. The Berar treaty, he told
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595:. During this period, he was an extremely hard worker, often working sixteen to eighteen hours a day. The shortest workday Dalhousie would take began at half-past eight and would continue until half-past five, remaining at his desk even during lunch. During this period, he sought to expand the reach of the empire and rode long distances on horseback, in spite of having a bad back.
986:. His wide interest in everything that concerned the welfare of British economic interests in the country was shown in the encouragement he gave to the culture of tea, in his protection of forests, in the preservation of ancient and historic monuments. With the object of making the civil administration more European, he closed what he considered to be the useless college in
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capture of Prome and Pegu the annexation of the province of Pegu was declared by a proclamation dated 20 December 1853. To any further invasion of the
Burmese empire Dalhousie was firmly opposed, being content to cut off Burma's commercial and political access to the outside world by the annexation. Some strangely spoke of the war as "uniting" territory, but in practice
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belated orders reached him; but he at once laid down instructions for Outram in every detail, moved up troops, and elaborated a scheme of government with particular orders as to conciliating local opinion. The king refused to sign the ultimatum (in the form of a "treaty") put before him, and a proclamation annexing the province was therefore issued on 13 February 1856.
683:. He therefore resolutely delayed to strike, organized a strong army for operations in November, and himself proceeded to the Punjab. With evidence that the revolt was spreading outwards, Dalhousie declared, "Unwarned by precedent, uninfluenced by example, the Sikh nation has called for war; and on my words, sirs, war they shall have and with a vengeance."
571:. When Peel resigned office in June 1846, Lord John offered Dalhousie a seat in the cabinet, an offer which he declined from a fear that acceptance might involve the loss of public character. Another attempt to secure his services in the appointment of president of the railway board was equally unsuccessful; but in 1847 he accepted the post of
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in the Punjab. When this belief that the
British were intentionally forcing caste breaking was combined with the widespread belief that the British were intentionally violating Hindu and Muslim purity laws with their new greased cartridges, the consequences (culminating in 1857), would prove to be extremely destructive.
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against the extortions of landlords and moneylenders had been severely repressed, but the causes of the insurrection had still to be reviewed and a remedy provided. By removing the tract of country from local rule, enforcing the residence of
British officers there, and employing the Santal headmen in
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Dalhousie's reforms were not confined to the departments of public works and military affairs. He created an imperial system of post-offices, reducing the rates of carrying letters and introducing postage stamps. He created the department of public instruction; he improved the system of inspection of
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The facts of the event were obscured by conflicts between colonial administrators reporting to the admirals of the navy, rather than the company or civil authorities. The nature of the dispute was mis-represented to
Parliament, and Parliament played a role in further "suppressing" the facts released
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635,591.4 in 2023), and by the queen who earnestly prayed for the blessing of restored health and strength; conversely, the outbreak of the "Sepoy Mutiny" led to bitter attacks on the record of his policy, and to widespread criticisms (both fair and unfair) of his political interests and career. His
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One consequential factor of this war was
Dalhousie's continuation of the requirement that Sepoys be forced to serve abroad. This created great discontent among Indian sepoys, because it violated the Hindu religious prohibition against travel. In fact, this resulted in the mutiny of several regiments
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He also commanded the Second
Burmese War in 1852, resulting in the capture of parts of Burma. Under his reign, the British implemented the policy of 'lapse and annexation' which ensured that if a king did not have any sons for a natural heir, the kingdom would be annexed to the British Empire. Using
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The khan was guaranteed an annual subsidy of Rs. 50,000, in return for the treaty which bound him to the British wholly and exclusively. To this the home authorities demurred, but the engagement was duly ratified, and the subsidy was largely increased by Dalhousies successors. On the other hand, he
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To the civil service he gave improved leave and pension rules, while he purified its moral by forbidding all share in trading concerns, by vigorously punishing insolvents, and by his personal example of careful selection in the matter of patronage. No Governor-General ever penned a larger number of
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Governance under the established "Punjab School" of Henry and John Lawrence was initially successful, partially due to the system of local cultural respect, while still maintaining British values against acts of widow burning, female infanticide, and burying of lepers alive by small segments of the
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being the common term for native Indian soldiers in British service. Dalhousie was an able administrator, though forceful and tough. His contribution in the development of communication — railways, roads, postal and telegraph services — contributed to the modernization and unity of India.
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The most controversial and tainted 'reform' developed and implemented under Dalhousie was the policy of taking all legal (often illegal too) means possible to assume control over "lapsed" states. Dalhousie, driven by the conviction that all India needed to be brought under British administration,
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and Tenasserim had been a financial disaster for the Indian Administration. Multiple times in the 1830s questions were raised about getting rid of these territories altogether. Why Dalhousie was so obsessed with increasing the size of a territory that did not generate sufficient revenue to pay for
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in sole charge of it, personally visiting it, and establishing a system of telegraphs and communications. In practice, the new province was in language and culture very different from India. It could never successfully integrate into the Indian system. The result of the war was to add an expensive
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The war being now over, Dalhousie, without specific instructions from his superiors, annexed the Punjab. Believing in inherent superiority of British rule over the "archaic" Indian system of rule, Dalhousie attempted to dismantle local rule. However, the province quickly became ruled by a group of
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in the following month, the stubborn resistance at Multan showed that the task required the utmost resources of the government. At length, on 22 January 1849, the Multan fortress was taken by General Whish, who was thus set at liberty to join Gough at Gujarat. Here a complete victory was won on 21
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In 1849, under Dalhousie's command, the British captured the princely state of Punjab. In the process he captured the famous Koh-i-Noor diamond from the twelve-year old Punjabi Maharaja Duleep Singh. According to usual practise the treasury of Duleep Singh was considered war booty and Duleep Singh
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was completed; and despite the cost of wars in the Punjab and Burma, liberal provision was made for metalled roads and bridges. The construction of massive irrigation works such as the 350-mile Ganges Canal, which contains thousands of miles of distributaries, was a substantial project that was
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On 21 November 1855, the court of directors instructed Dalhousie to assume the control of Oudh, and to give the king no option unless he was sure that his majesty would surrender the administration rather than risk a revolution. Dalhousie was in bad health and on the eve of retirement when the
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for the education of young civilians, establishing in its place a European system of training them in mufasal stations, and subjecting them to departmental examinations. He was equally careful of the well-being of the European soldier, providing him with healthy recreations and public gardens.
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The Burmese Kingdom offered little in the way of resistance. Martaban was taken on 5 April 1852, and Rangoon and Bassein shortly afterwards. Since, however, the court of Ava was unwilling to surrender half the country in the name of "peace", the second campaign opened in October, and after the
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Other measures with the same object were carried out in the Company's own territories. Bengal, long ruled by the Governor-General or his delegate, was placed under its own Lieutenant-Governor in May 1854. The military boards were swept away; selection took the place of seniority in the higher
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His foreign policy was guided by a desire to reduce the nominal independence of the larger native states, and to avoid extending the political relations of his government with foreign powers outside India. Pressed to intervene in Hyderabad, he refused to do so, claiming on this occasion that
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ordered certain allowances, given as compensation for the dearness of provisions, to be granted to the sepoys on a system which had not been sanctioned from headquarters, and threatened to repeat the offence, the Governor-General rebuked him to such a degree that Napier resigned his command.
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this policy, the British annexed some of the princely states. The annexation of Awadh made Dalhousie very unpopular in the region. This and other callous actions of the governor-general created bitter feelings among the Indian soldiers in the British Army, which finally led to the
762:. Attempts were made to solve the dispute by diplomacy. The Burmese eventually removed the Governor of Rangoon but this not considered sufficient. Commodore Lambert, despatched personally by Dalhousie, deliberately provoked an incident and then announced a war.
679:'s military forces were neither adequately equipped with transport and supplies, nor otherwise prepared to take the field immediately. He afterward decided that the proper response was not merely for the capture of Multan, but also the entire subjugation of the
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Indian populace. However, Punjabi rule eventually came to be seen as despotic, largely because of the expansion of judicial system. Although often unpredictable or despotic, many Indians in "rationalized" provinces preferred their previous native rule.
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invoked his counsel and influence. By his last wish, his private journal and papers of personal interest were sealed against publication or inquiry for fully 50 years after his death. As he had no sons the marquessate became extinct on his death.
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Kinseay, Danielle C. "Koh-i-Noor: Empire, Diamonds, and the Performance of British Material Culture". Journal of British Studies, Apr., 2009, Vol. 48, No. 2, Special Issue on Material Culture (Apr., 2009), pp. 391–419. Cambridge University
859:, which he had annexed in 1851 and 1852 respectively, were afterwards restored to native rule. These annexations are considered by critics to generally represent an uneconomic drain on the financial resources of the company in India.
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Dalhousie, on 6 March 1856, set sail for England on board the Company's "Firoze," an object of general sympathy and not less general respect. At Alexandria he was carried by H.M.S. "Caradoc" to Malta, and thence by the "Tribune" to
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ideals of the period. However, in his attempt to do so he ruled with authoritarianism, believing these means were the most likely to increase the material development and progress of India. His policies, especially the
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for the part he had taken in the Sikh War, and resolutely to refuse to enter upon any negotiations until the amir himself came forward. Then he steered a middle course between the proposals of his own agent,
509:, whose companionship was his chief support in India, and whose death in 1853 left him a heartbroken man. In 1838 his father who died after a long illness, while less than a year later he lost his mother.
1088:, Edinburgh, where he sought medical treatment. In his correspondence and public statements, he was careful not to assign blame or cause embarrassment to colleagues in government. During this period,
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Dalhousie had a strong personal commitment to the establishment of a national system of education in India. He ensured the successful administration of the provisions contained in the 1854 dispatch.
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Succeeding to the peerage, the new earl soon made his mark in a speech delivered on 16 June 1840 in support of Lord Aberdeen's Church of Scotland Benefices Bill, a controversy arising out of the
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goals, abolishing the practice of branding convicts; freed converts to other religions from the loss of their civil rights; inaugurated the system of administrative reports; and enlarged the
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was forced to hand over the diamond. The Koh-i-Noor diamond was presented to Queen Victoria and displayed in 1851 and at the Dublin Exhibition in 1853 and the World's Fair in London in 1862.
1073:, which he reached on 13 May. His return had been eagerly looked for by statesmen who hoped that he would resume his public career, by the Company which voted him an annual pension of
435:, and had three sons, of whom the two elder died young. James Andrew Broun-Ramsay, his youngest son, was described as small in stature, with a firm chiseled mouth and high forehead.
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He established the foundations of the colonial educational system in India by adding mass education in addition to elite higher education. He introduced passenger trains to the
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1044:, but the difficulties of the problem no less than complications elsewhere had induced him to delay operations. In 1854 he appointed Outram as resident at the court of
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favoured Women's education. There was shift in government policy under him from higher education for elite towards mass education for both . He along with
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to the public, but most of the facts were established by comparative reading of these conflicting accounts in what was originally an anonymous pamphlet,
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period of Indian administration. He was denounced by many in Britain on the eve of his death as having failed to notice the signs of the brewing
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The Marquis of Dalhousie's Administration of British India: Annexation of Pegu, Nagpor, and Oudh, and a General Review of Lord Dalhousie's Rule
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442:, where he entered in 1825. Two years later he and another student, Robert Adair, were expelled after bullying and nearly causing the death of
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monarch and believed his rule was that of a modernizer, attempting to bring the British intellectual revolution to India. A staunch
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Gorman, Mel. (1971) "Sir William O'Shaughnessy, Lord Dalhousie, and the establishment of the telegraph system in India."
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new military and political dependency which did not generate sufficient taxes to pay for itself. British Indian rule of
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of the civil service and Lieutenant Anderson of the Bombay European regiment, having been sent to take charge of
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and uniform postage, which he described as the "three great engines of social improvement". He also founded the
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was reserved to the last. The home authorities had asked Dalhousie to prolong his tenure of office during the
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that no single change was likely to produce more important and beneficial consequences than female education
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are credited with changing policy in favour of Women's education. Dalhousie even personally supported the
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to form a ministry he resumed his post at the board of trade, entering the cabinet on the retirement of
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1425:. The New Cambridge History of India. Vol. IV.2. Cambridge University Press. pp. 39–40.
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3073:
3013:
2866:
2841:
2721:
2189:
1771:
1416:
1102:
1022:
983:
708:
428:
417:
292:
232:
1865:
1803:
1783:
1365:
758:
should be resented as promptly and fully as an insult offered at the mouth of the
4317:
4307:
4209:
4114:
4059:
3974:
3954:
3774:
3744:
3739:
3696:
3686:
3651:
3646:
3611:
3536:
3461:
3300:
3023:
2876:
2856:
2846:
2796:
2676:
2616:
2531:
883:
560:
521:
1696:
4149:
4099:
4089:
4069:
4034:
3994:
3979:
3701:
3631:
3616:
3556:
3546:
3375:
3265:
3135:
3110:
3085:
2983:
2936:
2761:
2641:
2551:
2536:
1775:
1701:
1075:
844:
603:
727:
One further addition to the empire was made by conquest. The Burmese court at
346:
between 1838 and 1849, was a Scottish statesman and colonial administrator in
4383:
4094:
4019:
3984:
3944:
3859:
3829:
3819:
3804:
3691:
3661:
3641:
3370:
2911:
2851:
2801:
2681:
1821:
Dalhousie in India, 1848–56: A Study of His Social Policy as Governor-General
1743:
1730:
1500:
Dalhousie in India, 1848-56: A Study of His Social Policy as Governor-General
783:
778:
767:
680:
552:
451:
439:
377:
369:
in India. He stands out as the far-sighted Governor-General who consolidated
347:
1752:. Vol. 7 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 764–767.
1557:
4480:
Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for Scottish constituencies
4297:
4184:
3814:
3779:
3769:
3711:
3511:
3415:
3325:
3315:
3080:
3008:
2993:
2861:
2826:
2811:
2806:
2756:
2711:
2476:
2461:
1507:
969:
840:
828:
568:
469:
1801:
774:
and the new territories were still only linked in practical terms by sea.
587:
Dalhousie took charge of his dual duties as Governor-General of India and
376:
His period of rule in India directly preceded the transformation into the
3904:
3784:
3476:
3255:
3003:
2886:
2881:
2786:
2771:
2766:
2751:
2716:
2666:
2501:
1841:
The Marquess of Dalhousie and the Final Development of the Company's Rule
1041:
599:
493:, future lord chancellor, was followed in 1837 by Ramsay's return to the
180:
640:
His notable achievement was the creation of modern, centralized states.
4154:
3929:
3879:
3794:
3446:
3330:
3165:
2891:
2591:
1831:
936: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
739:
and certain British shipping interests (the Monarch and the Champion).
607:
303:
236:
1288:
4134:
4029:
3989:
3964:
3899:
3561:
3551:
3451:
2901:
2781:
2746:
2726:
836:
556:
911:
3496:
3140:
2896:
1070:
987:
1729:
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
1362:). The full text is now available as a book digitized by Google:
3656:
1896:
1045:
848:
832:
736:
551:
in 1845, he threw himself into the work during the crisis of the
754:
that any insult offered to the British flag at the mouth of the
3180:
1056:
852:
759:
755:
668:
660:
667:, were murdered there, and within a short time the troops and
1652:
636:
413:
1669:
1667:
1581:
1579:
1577:
1575:
1573:
1571:
1569:
1567:
1219:
1217:
1215:
1213:
1211:
1209:
396:
James Andrew Broun-Ramsay was the third and youngest son of
59:
1367:
How Wars are Got Up in India: The Origin of the Burmese War
1207:
1205:
1203:
1201:
1199:
1197:
1195:
1193:
1191:
1189:
1128:
1126:
1124:
1122:
1037:
728:
1837:
606:, he sought to improve Indian society under the prevalent
1664:
1564:
1547:
27:
Scottish statesman and colonial administrator (1812–1860)
1902:
contributions in Parliament by the Marquess of Dalhousie
1415:
1186:
1119:
1852:
485:, fought against such veterans as the future speaker,
342:(22 April 1812 – 19 December 1860), known as the
4515:
Peers of the United Kingdom created by Queen Victoria
1863:
1740:
Dalhousie, James Andrew Broun Ramsay, 1st Marquess of
1625:
The Decline and Fall of the British Empire: 1781–1997
1327:
The Ruling Caste: Imperial Lives in the Victorian Raj
631:. Dalhousie and the British called this uprising the
424:
Broun) of Coalstoun, Haddingtonshire (East Lothian).
2219:
1497:
1475:
Nineteenth Century History of Maharashtra: 1818–1857
619:, which directly followed his departure from India.
427:
The 9th Earl was in 1815 created Baron Dalhousie of
331:
James Andrew Broun-Ramsay, 1st Marquess of Dalhousie
1823:(New Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers, 1975).
1814:
The History of Education in Modern India, 1757–2012
1802:Campbell, George Douglas (Duke of Argyll ) (1865).
1502:. Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers. pp. 54–55.
4455:Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom
1790:
787:its own administration has never been explained.
694:with Mulraj, and Gough's indecisive victories at
4381:
2966:
1808:. Longman, Green, Longman, Roberts, & Green.
1694:
1472:
1445:
1409:
1360:The Political Writings of Richard Cobden, vol. 2
901:
671:joined in open rebellion. Dalhousie agreed with
4450:Marquesses in the Peerage of the United Kingdom
1679:
1520:
4425:British people of the Second Anglo-Burmese War
1695:Thomas, Ryland; Williamson, Samuel H. (2024).
1466:
1452:. Concept Publishing Company. pp. 65–67.
1439:
1363:
477:An unsuccessful but courageous contest at the
2952:
2205:
1312:(New York, NY: St. Martin's Press, 1997), 116
1310:Raj: The Making and Unmaking of British India
1261:(New York, NY: The Viking Press, 1978), p. 25
1770:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
1477:. Shubhada-Saraswat Prakashan. p. 184.
1449:Women's Higher Education in the 19th Century
1274:(Los Angeles: Westview Press, 2008), p. 238.
582:
516:, in which he had already taken part in the
4420:British people of the Second Anglo-Sikh War
1856:The life of the Marquis of Dalhousie, K. T.
1514:
1096:
266:United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
84:12 January 1848 – 28 February 1856
3467:Hindustan Socialist Republican Association
2959:
2945:
2212:
2198:
1734:
1673:
1658:
1585:
1527:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 53.
1524:The History of British India: A Chronology
1223:
1132:
1491:
952:Learn how and when to remove this message
540:. He was also given the honorary post of
464:
1541:
1382:The Making of India: A Historical Survey
1165:. Oxford University Press. p. 202.
803:
650:
468:
1767:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1321:
1163:"A History of Harrow School, 1324–1991"
1157:
1105:was named after Lord Dalhousie who was
994:
481:for one of the seats in parliament for
160:5 February 1845 – 27 June 1846
14:
4465:People educated at Temple Grove School
4382:
862:
794:
501:. In the previous year he had married
2940:
2193:
1146:The Life of the Marquess of Dalhousie
722:
4520:19th-century Scottish businesspeople
1966:Vice-President of the Board of Trade
1084:health deteriorated in Malta and at
1063:
934:adding citations to reliable sources
905:
799:
526:Vice-President of the Board of Trade
398:George Ramsay, 9th Earl of Dalhousie
2029:12 January 1848 – 28 February 1856
1838:Hunter, Sir William Wilson (1894).
823:began to apply what was called the
675:, the commander-in-chief, that the
489:, afterwards Lord Dunfermline, and
24:
1757:
1627:. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2008.
1548:Chandrakala Anandrao Hate (1948).
892:Hindu Widows' Remarriage Act, 1856
25:
4531:
4430:Governors of the Bank of Scotland
4400:19th-century Scottish politicians
1889:
1805:India under Dalhousie and Canning
1552:. New Book Company. p. 176.
1090:John Lawrence, 1st Baron Lawrence
1003:
559:he ranged himself on the side of
457:In October 1829, he passed on to
448:John Rushout, 2nd Baron Northwick
4510:Presidents of the Board of Trade
4495:UK MPs who were granted peerages
4460:People educated at Harrow School
4445:Lords Warden of the Cinque Ports
3161:Muslim nationalism in South Asia
2925:
2221:Presidents of the Board of Trade
1911:Parliament of the United Kingdom
1867:Life of the Marquis of Dalhousie
1853:Lee-Warner, Sir William (1904).
1722:
1693:"consistent series" supplied in
1384:. Armonk: M.E. Sharpe, 1997, 79.
1287:; Vol. 12 no. 1 (1978), 97–110.
910:
686:Despite the successes gained by
371:East India Company rule in India
58:
4415:Alumni of Christ Church, Oxford
3401:Provisional Government of India
2057:Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports
1993:President of the Board of Trade
1797:. Saunders, Otley, and Company.
1687:Gross Domestic Product deflator
1639:
1630:
1617:
1608:
1601:, v. 2. University of Chicago.
1591:
1396:
1387:
1374:
1352:
1343:
1315:
1302:
921:needs additional citations for
549:President of the Board of Trade
473:Susan, Marchioness of Dalhousie
148:President of the Board of Trade
1864:Trotter, Lionel James (1889).
1812:Ghosh, Suresh Chandra. (2013)
1764:"Ramsay, James Andrew Broun".
1293:
1277:
1264:
1251:
1229:
1151:
1138:
851:in 1849 was disallowed, while
808:Portrait of Lord Dalhousie by
404:'s generals, who, after being
13:
1:
4490:UK MPs who inherited peerages
2109:Peerage of the United Kingdom
1944:Sir Thomas Buchan-Hepburn, Bt
1697:"What Was the U.K. GDP Then?"
1498:Suresh Chandra Ghosh (1975).
1272:India: The Definitive History
1112:
902:Development of infrastructure
886:from his own money set up by
433:Peerage of the United Kingdom
391:
4010:Muhammad Mian Mansoor Ansari
3286:Chauri Chaura incident, 1922
2968:Indian independence movement
1784:UK public library membership
1597:Digital South Asia Library.
1329:. John Murray. p. 161.
1259:The Great Mutiny: India 1857
1016:He refrained from punishing
984:Legislative Council of India
876:Educational dispatch of 1854
745:How Wars are Got Up in India
563:, and, after the failure of
257:Dalhousie Castle, Midlothian
7:
4200:Virendranath Chattopadhyaya
3587:Gazulu Lakshminarasu Chetty
1599:Imperial Gazetteer of India
10:
4536:
4435:Governors-general of India
3935:Kanaiyalal Maneklal Munshi
3487:Indian Independence League
3204:Partition of Bengal (1947)
3199:Partition of Bengal (1905)
1791:Arnold, Sir Edwin (1865).
1649:, TMH, Tenth Reprint, 2013
1550:Hindu Woman and Her Future
815:
677:British East India Company
406:Governor General of Canada
4326:
4225:
4110:Sibghatullah Shah Rashidi
3910:Inayatullah Khan Mashriqi
3730:
3607:Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar
3527:
3482:Indian Home Rule movement
3424:
3321:Fourteen Points of Jinnah
3261:Jallianwala Bagh massacre
3189:
3126:
2974:
2923:
2227:
2178:
2169:
2161:
2154:
2143:
2135:
2128:
2119:
2114:
2107:
2097:
2086:
2078:
2073:
2063:
2054:
2046:
2041:
2031:
2025:Governor-General of India
2022:
2014:
2009:
1999:
1990:
1982:
1972:
1963:
1955:
1950:
1940:
1924:
1916:
1909:
1605:(accessed 14 April 2009).
1473:B. R. Sunthankar (1988).
1446:Gouri Srivastava (2000).
1237:"Captains of Deal Castle"
1144:Lee-Warner, Sir William,
1107:Governor-General of India
839:in the same year, and of
583:Governor-General of India
573:Governor-General of India
352:Governor-General of India
324:
314:
302:
279:
271:
261:
243:
219:
214:
210:
198:
186:
174:
164:
153:
146:
134:
122:
98:
88:
77:
72:Governor-General of India
70:
66:
57:
41:The Marquess of Dalhousie
34:
4405:Nobility from Midlothian
4349:Indian annexation of Goa
4195:Vinayak Damodar Savarkar
3707:Vinayak Damodar Savarkar
3472:Indian National Congress
3271:Non-cooperation movement
1521:John F. Riddick (2006).
1417:Geraldine Hancock Forbes
1148:, London, 1904, vol.1: 3
1097:Legacy and commemoration
855:and the petty estate of
629:Indian Rebellion of 1857
617:Indian Rebellion of 1857
547:Succeeding Gladstone as
536:, and was sworn in as a
524:. In May 1843 he became
479:general election in 1835
382:Indian Rebellion of 1857
275:Lady Susan Hay (d. 1853)
4505:Captains of Deal Castle
4470:Scottish civil servants
4354:Indian Independence Act
3940:Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan
3915:Jatindra Mohan Sengupta
3885:Dukkipati Nageswara Rao
3622:Kandukuri Veeresalingam
3602:Gopaldas Ambaidas Desai
3437:All-India Muslim League
3391:Royal Air Force strikes
3356:Round table conferences
3346:Chittagong armoury raid
3236:Hindu–German Conspiracy
3219:Delhi-Lahore Conspiracy
2989:Porto Grande de Bengala
2091:Grand Lodge of Scotland
2067:The Viscount Palmerston
1986:William Ewart Gladstone
1959:William Ewart Gladstone
1819:Ghosh, Suresh Chandra.
1749:Encyclopædia Britannica
1364:Richard Cobden (1853).
367:Public Works Department
193:William Ewart Gladstone
117:The Viscount Palmerston
4440:Knights of the Thistle
4140:Syama Prasad Mukherjee
4045:Purushottam Das Tandon
3411:Praja Mandala movement
3225:The Indian Sociologist
2050:The Duke of Wellington
1846:Rulers of India series
1828:Technology and Culture
1776:10.1093/ref:odnb/23088
1370:. W. & F. G. Cash.
813:
542:Captain of Deal Castle
474:
465:Early political career
4410:Burials in Midlothian
4364:Political integration
4105:Shyamji Krishna Varma
3890:Gopal Krishna Gokhale
3835:Bhupendra Kumar Datta
3667:Rettamalai Srinivasan
3627:Mahadev Govind Ranade
3432:All India Kisan Sabha
3396:Coup d'état of Yanaon
3296:Qissa Khwani massacre
3281:Coolie-Begar movement
3096:Second Anglo-Sikh War
2122:Marquess of Dalhousie
2018:The Viscount Hardinge
2003:The Earl of Clarendon
1830:12.4 (1971): 581–601
1647:Public Administration
1422:Women in Modern India
1257:Christopher Hibbert,
1079:5,000 (equivalent to
807:
692:Second Anglo-Sikh War
651:Second Anglo-Sikh War
507:Marquess of Tweeddale
472:
459:Christ Church, Oxford
309:Christ Church, Oxford
205:The Earl of Clarendon
129:The Viscount Hardinge
4190:Veeran Sundaralingam
4145:Tara Rani Srivastava
4080:Sahajanand Saraswati
3970:Maghfoor Ahmad Ajazi
3855:Chandra Shekhar Azad
3760:Alluri Sitarama Raju
3717:Vitthal Ramji Shinde
3672:Sahajanand Saraswati
3592:Gopal Ganesh Agarkar
3492:Indian National Army
3336:Dharasana Satyagraha
3241:Champaran Satyagraha
3091:First Anglo-Sikh War
2035:The Viscount Canning
1976:Sir George Clerk, Bt
1927:Member of Parliament
1404:History of Education
1285:Modern Asian Studies
1159:Tyerman, Christopher
995:Civil Service reform
930:improve this article
884:Bethune Women school
831:in January 1849, of
702:in December, and at
593:Order of the Thistle
400:(1770–1838), one of
141:The Viscount Canning
113:The Earl of Aberdeen
4175:V. K. Krishna Menon
4120:Subhas Chandra Bose
4005:Muhammad Ali Jinnah
4000:Mohammad Ali Jauhar
3895:Govind Ballabh Pant
3875:Dayananda Saraswati
3800:Bal Gangadhar Tilak
3597:Gopal Hari Deshmukh
3577:Dhondo Keshav Karve
3572:Dayananda Saraswati
3567:Bal Gangadhar Tilak
3542:A. Vaidyanatha Iyer
3055:Anglo-Maratha Wars
2507:Parkinson-Fortescue
2156:Peerage of Scotland
2089:Grand Master of the
2010:Government offices
1816:(4th ed.) pp 65–84.
1736:Lee-Warner, William
1689:figures follow the
1661:, pp. 766–767.
870:Dalhousie declared
863:Educational reforms
795:Policies of reforms
416:, and of his wife,
354:from 1848 to 1856.
37:The Most Honourable
4500:Earls of Dalhousie
4359:Partition of India
4205:Yashwantrao Holkar
4170:V. O. Chidamabaram
4125:Subramania Bharati
4055:Rahul Sankrityayan
4040:Pritilata Waddedar
3950:Shri Krishna Singh
3850:C. Rajagopalachari
3840:Bidhan Chandra Roy
3825:Bhavabhushan Mitra
3810:Begum Hazrat Mahal
3765:Annapurna Maharana
3637:Muthulakshmi Reddy
3582:G. Subramania Iyer
3276:Christmas Day Plot
3151:Indian nationalism
3101:Sannyasi rebellion
2999:East India Company
2082:Viscount Fincastle
1951:Political offices
1848:. Clarendon Press.
1406:4.2 (1975): 37–47.
1239:. East Kent freeuk
1036:The annexation of
975:Sir Charles Napier
814:
810:John Watson-Gordon
733:Treaty of Yandaboo
723:Second Burmese War
589:Governor of Bengal
505:, daughter of the
475:
410:Commander-in-Chief
363:electric telegraph
4377:
4376:
4344:Republic of India
4180:Vallabhbhai Patel
4165:Ubaidullah Sindhi
4065:Ram Prasad Bismil
3960:M. Bhaktavatsalam
3920:Jatindra Nath Das
3845:Bipin Chandra Pal
3780:Babu Kunwar Singh
3750:Achyut Patwardhan
3507:Khudai Khidmatgar
3351:Gandhi–Irwin Pact
3291:Kakori conspiracy
3251:Rowlatt Committee
3214:Direct Action Day
3176:Swadeshi movement
3156:Khilafat Movement
3146:Hindu nationalism
3106:Rebellion of 1857
3029:Anglo-Mysore Wars
3019:Battle of Plassey
2934:
2933:
2188:
2187:
2179:Succeeded by
2172:Earl of Dalhousie
2098:Succeeded by
2064:Succeeded by
2032:Succeeded by
2000:Succeeded by
1973:Succeeded by
1941:Succeeded by
1877:978-1-4077-4948-8
1859:Macmillan and Co.
1782:(Subscription or
1645:M. Lakshmikanth,
1623:Brendon, Piers.
1534:978-0-313-32280-8
1484:978-81-85239-50-7
1459:978-81-7022-823-3
1432:978-0-521-65377-0
1308:James, Lawrence.
1064:Return to Britain
968:In addition, the
962:
961:
954:
825:doctrine of lapse
818:Doctrine of Lapse
800:Doctrine of Lapse
731:was bound by the
655:On 19 April 1848
613:doctrine of lapse
575:in succession to
565:Lord John Russell
520:in opposition to
514:Auchterarder case
487:James Abercrombie
344:Earl of Dalhousie
328:
327:
319:Doctrine of Lapse
109:The Earl of Derby
105:Lord John Russell
16:(Redirected from
4527:
4485:UK MPs 1837–1841
4369:Simla Conference
4160:Tiruppur Kumaran
4130:Subramaniya Siva
4085:Sangolli Rayanna
4075:Rash Behari Bose
4015:Nagnath Naikwadi
3925:Jawaharlal Nehru
3870:Dadabhai Naoroji
3865:Chittaranjan Das
3755:A. K. Fazlul Huq
3677:Savitribai Phule
3502:Khaksar movement
3457:Berlin Committee
3442:Anushilan Samiti
3406:Independence Day
3366:Aundh Experiment
3341:Vedaranyam March
3246:Kheda Satyagraha
3231:Singapore Mutiny
3014:Portuguese India
2961:
2954:
2947:
2938:
2937:
2929:
2402:Vesey-Fitzgerald
2214:
2207:
2200:
2191:
2190:
2182:Fox Maule-Ramsay
2162:Preceded by
2136:Preceded by
2079:Preceded by
2074:Masonic offices
2047:Preceded by
2042:Honorary titles
2015:Preceded by
1983:Preceded by
1956:Preceded by
1917:Preceded by
1907:
1906:
1881:
1860:
1849:
1809:
1798:
1787:
1779:
1753:
1728:
1726:
1725:
1714:
1713:
1711:
1709:
1683:
1677:
1671:
1662:
1656:
1650:
1643:
1637:
1634:
1628:
1621:
1615:
1612:
1606:
1595:
1589:
1583:
1562:
1561:
1545:
1539:
1538:
1518:
1512:
1511:
1495:
1489:
1488:
1470:
1464:
1463:
1443:
1437:
1436:
1413:
1407:
1400:
1394:
1391:
1385:
1380:Vohra, Ranbir.
1378:
1372:
1371:
1356:
1350:
1347:
1341:
1340:
1319:
1313:
1306:
1300:
1297:
1291:
1281:
1275:
1270:D. R. SarDesai,
1268:
1262:
1255:
1249:
1248:
1246:
1244:
1233:
1227:
1221:
1184:
1183:
1181:
1179:
1155:
1149:
1142:
1136:
1130:
1082:
1078:
1023:Herbert Edwardes
1011:Sir Charles Wood
957:
950:
946:
943:
937:
914:
906:
709:Battle of Gujrat
707:February at the
698:in November, at
688:Herbert Edwardes
538:privy counsellor
518:General Assembly
495:House of Commons
429:Dalhousie Castle
341:
254:
252:
247:19 December 1860
233:Dalhousie Castle
230:
228:
215:Personal details
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189:
177:
158:
137:
125:
101:
82:
62:
52:
32:
31:
21:
4535:
4534:
4530:
4529:
4528:
4526:
4525:
4524:
4380:
4379:
4378:
4373:
4334:Cabinet Mission
4322:
4226:British leaders
4221:
4210:Yogendra Shukla
4115:Siraj ud-Daulah
4070:Rani Lakshmibai
4060:Rajendra Prasad
4050:R. Venkataraman
3995:Mithuben Petit
3975:Mahadaji Shinde
3955:Lala Lajpat Rai
3790:Bahadur Shah II
3775:Ashfaqulla Khan
3745:Accamma Cherian
3740:Abul Kalam Azad
3732:
3726:
3697:Syed Ahmad Khan
3687:Sister Nivedita
3652:Pandita Ramabai
3647:Niralamba Swami
3612:J. B. Kripalani
3537:Ashfaqulla Khan
3529:
3523:
3462:Ghadar Movement
3420:
3301:Flag Satyagraha
3209:Revolutionaries
3191:
3185:
3128:
3122:
3024:Battle of Buxar
2970:
2965:
2935:
2930:
2921:
2632:Cunliffe-Lister
2622:Cunliffe-Lister
2223:
2218:
2184:
2175:
2167:
2149:
2146:Baron Dalhousie
2141:
2125:
2103:
2094:
2090:
2084:
2069:
2060:
2052:
2037:
2028:
2020:
2005:
1996:
1988:
1978:
1969:
1961:
1946:
1934:
1931:Haddingtonshire
1922:
1920:Robert Ferguson
1892:
1878:
1781:
1763:
1760:
1758:Further reading
1723:
1721:
1718:
1717:
1707:
1705:
1685:United Kingdom
1684:
1680:
1674:Lee-Warner 1911
1672:
1665:
1659:Lee-Warner 1911
1657:
1653:
1644:
1640:
1635:
1631:
1622:
1618:
1613:
1609:
1596:
1592:
1586:Lee-Warner 1911
1584:
1565:
1546:
1542:
1535:
1519:
1515:
1496:
1492:
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1471:
1467:
1460:
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1242:
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1235:
1234:
1230:
1224:Lee-Warner 1911
1222:
1187:
1177:
1175:
1173:
1156:
1152:
1143:
1139:
1133:Lee-Warner 1911
1131:
1120:
1115:
1099:
1080:
1074:
1066:
1006:
997:
958:
947:
941:
938:
927:
915:
904:
865:
820:
802:
797:
725:
653:
585:
561:Sir Robert Peel
544:the same year.
499:Haddingtonshire
467:
394:
350:. He served as
333:
298:
293:Christian Broun
256:
250:
248:
231:
226:
224:
199:
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181:Sir Robert Peel
175:
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83:
78:
53:
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39:
28:
23:
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15:
12:
11:
5:
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4150:Tarak Nath Das
4147:
4142:
4137:
4132:
4127:
4122:
4117:
4112:
4107:
4102:
4100:Shuja-ud-Daula
4097:
4092:
4090:Sarojini Naidu
4087:
4082:
4077:
4072:
4067:
4062:
4057:
4052:
4047:
4042:
4037:
4035:Prafulla Chaki
4032:
4027:
4022:
4017:
4012:
4007:
4002:
3997:
3992:
3987:
3982:
3980:Mahatma Gandhi
3977:
3972:
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3702:Vakkom Moulavi
3699:
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3689:
3684:
3679:
3674:
3669:
3664:
3659:
3654:
3649:
3644:
3639:
3634:
3632:Mahatma Gandhi
3629:
3624:
3619:
3617:Jyotirao Phule
3614:
3609:
3604:
3599:
3594:
3589:
3584:
3579:
3574:
3569:
3564:
3559:
3557:B. R. Ambedkar
3554:
3549:
3547:Ayya Vaikundar
3544:
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3266:Noakhali riots
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3178:
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3168:
3163:
3158:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3132:
3130:
3129:and ideologies
3124:
3123:
3121:
3120:
3113:
3111:Radcliffe Line
3108:
3103:
3098:
3093:
3088:
3086:Vellore Mutiny
3083:
3078:
3077:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3061:
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2016:
2012:
2011:
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1998:
1989:
1984:
1980:
1979:
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1962:
1957:
1953:
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1948:
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1914:
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1891:
1890:External links
1888:
1887:
1886:
1882:
1876:
1870:. Hard Press.
1861:
1850:
1835:
1824:
1817:
1810:
1799:
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1759:
1756:
1755:
1754:
1744:Chisholm, Hugh
1716:
1715:
1702:MeasuringWorth
1691:MeasuringWorth
1678:
1676:, p. 767.
1663:
1651:
1638:
1629:
1616:
1607:
1590:
1588:, p. 766.
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1323:Gilmour, David
1314:
1301:
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1228:
1226:, p. 765.
1185:
1171:
1150:
1137:
1135:, p. 764.
1117:
1116:
1114:
1111:
1109:at that time.
1098:
1095:
1065:
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1005:
1004:Foreign policy
1002:
996:
993:
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959:
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916:
909:
903:
900:
864:
861:
816:Main article:
801:
798:
796:
793:
752:Lord Wellesley
724:
721:
673:Sir Hugh Gough
652:
649:
633:'Sepoy mutiny'
584:
581:
503:Lady Susan Hay
497:as member for
466:
463:
444:George Rushout
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255:(aged 48)
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176:Prime Minister
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100:Prime Minister
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68:
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63:
55:
54:
43:
40:
35:
26:
18:Lord Dalhousie
9:
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4:
3:
2:
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4098:
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4095:Satyapal Dang
4093:
4091:
4088:
4086:
4083:
4081:
4078:
4076:
4073:
4071:
4068:
4066:
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4021:
4020:Nana Fadnavis
4018:
4016:
4013:
4011:
4008:
4006:
4003:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3993:
3991:
3988:
3986:
3985:Mangal Pandey
3983:
3981:
3978:
3976:
3973:
3971:
3968:
3966:
3963:
3961:
3958:
3956:
3953:
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3945:Khudiram Bose
3943:
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3860:Chetram Jatav
3858:
3856:
3853:
3851:
3848:
3846:
3843:
3841:
3838:
3836:
3833:
3831:
3830:Bhikaiji Cama
3828:
3826:
3823:
3821:
3820:Bharathidasan
3818:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3805:Basawon Singh
3803:
3801:
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3692:Sri Aurobindo
3690:
3688:
3685:
3683:
3680:
3678:
3675:
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3670:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3662:Ram Mohan Roy
3660:
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3643:
3642:Narayana Guru
3640:
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3425:Organisations
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3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
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3386:Bombay Mutiny
3384:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3371:Indian Legion
3369:
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3311:1928 Protests
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3256:Rowlatt Bills
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2208:
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2201:
2196:
2195:
2192:
2183:
2174:
2173:
2166:
2165:George Ramsay
2160:
2157:
2153:
2148:
2147:
2140:
2139:George Ramsay
2134:
2131:
2124:
2123:
2117:
2113:
2110:
2106:
2102:
2101:James Forrest
2093:
2092:
2083:
2077:
2072:
2068:
2059:
2058:
2051:
2045:
2040:
2036:
2027:
2026:
2019:
2013:
2008:
2004:
1995:
1994:
1987:
1981:
1977:
1968:
1967:
1960:
1954:
1949:
1945:
1937:
1933:
1932:
1928:
1921:
1915:
1912:
1908:
1903:
1899:
1898:
1894:
1893:
1883:
1879:
1873:
1869:
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1811:
1807:
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1800:
1796:
1795:
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1777:
1773:
1769:
1768:
1762:
1761:
1751:
1750:
1745:
1741:
1737:
1732:
1731:public domain
1720:
1719:
1704:
1703:
1698:
1692:
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1405:
1399:
1390:
1383:
1377:
1369:
1368:
1361:
1355:
1349:Gilmour, 163.
1346:
1338:
1336:0-7195-5534-5
1332:
1328:
1324:
1318:
1311:
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1190:
1174:
1172:9780198227960
1168:
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1024:
1019:
1018:Dost Mohammad
1014:
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1001:
992:
989:
985:
979:
976:
971:
966:
956:
953:
945:
935:
931:
925:
924:
919:This section
917:
913:
908:
907:
899:
897:
893:
889:
885:
881:
877:
873:
868:
860:
858:
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850:
846:
842:
838:
834:
830:
826:
819:
811:
806:
792:
788:
785:
780:
779:Arthur Phayre
775:
773:
769:
763:
761:
757:
753:
748:
746:
740:
738:
734:
730:
720:
716:
712:
710:
705:
701:
697:
693:
689:
684:
682:
678:
674:
670:
666:
662:
658:
648:
646:
645:John Hobhouse
641:
638:
634:
630:
624:
620:
618:
614:
609:
605:
601:
596:
594:
590:
580:
578:
577:Lord Hardinge
574:
570:
566:
562:
558:
554:
553:Railway Mania
550:
545:
543:
539:
535:
531:
527:
523:
519:
515:
510:
508:
504:
500:
496:
492:
491:John Campbell
488:
484:
480:
471:
462:
460:
455:
453:
452:Staffordshire
449:
445:
441:
440:Harrow School
436:
434:
430:
425:
423:
419:
415:
411:
407:
403:
399:
389:
387:
383:
379:
378:Victorian Raj
374:
372:
368:
364:
360:
355:
353:
349:
348:British India
345:
340:
336:
332:
323:
320:
317:
313:
310:
307:
305:
301:
294:
291:
288:
287:George Ramsay
285:
284:
282:
278:
274:
270:
267:
264:
260:
246:
242:
238:
234:
223:22 April 1812
222:
218:
213:
209:
206:
203:
197:
194:
191:
185:
182:
179:
173:
170:
167:
163:
157:
152:
149:
145:
142:
139:
133:
130:
127:
121:
118:
114:
110:
106:
103:
97:
94:
91:
87:
81:
76:
73:
69:
65:
61:
56:
51:
47:
38:
33:
30:
19:
4339:Constitution
4327:Independence
4272:
4214:
4185:Vanchinathan
3815:Bhagat Singh
3770:Annie Besant
3731:Independence
3712:Vinoba Bhave
3516:
3512:Swaraj Party
3416:Lucknow Pact
3326:Purna Swaraj
3316:Nehru Report
3223:
3127:Philosophies
3115:
3081:Polygar Wars
3009:French India
2994:Dutch Bengal
2984:Colonisation
2692:Thorneycroft
2577:Lloyd George
2446:
2332:Hillsborough
2322:Hillsborough
2312:Hillsborough
2170:
2144:
2129:
2120:
2116:New creation
2115:
2087:
2055:
2023:
1991:
1964:
1925:
1895:
1866:
1855:
1840:
1827:
1820:
1813:
1804:
1793:
1765:
1747:
1706:. Retrieved
1700:
1690:
1681:
1654:
1646:
1641:
1636:Hibbert, 49.
1632:
1624:
1619:
1610:
1598:
1593:
1549:
1543:
1523:
1516:
1499:
1493:
1474:
1468:
1448:
1441:
1421:
1411:
1403:
1398:
1393:Hibbert, 61.
1389:
1381:
1376:
1366:
1359:
1354:
1345:
1326:
1317:
1309:
1304:
1295:
1284:
1279:
1271:
1266:
1258:
1253:
1241:. Retrieved
1231:
1176:. Retrieved
1153:
1145:
1140:
1100:
1067:
1054:
1050:
1035:
1031:
1015:
1007:
998:
980:
970:Ganges Canal
967:
963:
948:
939:
928:Please help
923:verification
920:
896:Lord Canning
871:
869:
866:
821:
789:
776:
764:
749:
744:
741:
726:
717:
713:
704:Chillianwala
685:
665:Diwan Mulraj
654:
642:
625:
621:
597:
586:
569:Lord Stanley
546:
511:
476:
456:
446:, nephew of
437:
426:
421:
395:
375:
356:
343:
330:
329:
200:Succeeded by
155:
136:Succeeded by
79:
29:
4475:Clan Ramsay
4395:1860 deaths
4390:1812 births
4283:Mountbatten
3905:Hemu Kalani
3785:Bagha Jatin
3722:Vivekananda
3477:India House
3361:Act of 1935
3136:Ambedkarism
3004:British Raj
2547:Hicks Beach
2522:Chamberlain
2482:Donoughmore
2237:Bridgewater
2232:Shaftesbury
1900:1803–2005:
1614:Gilmour, 9.
1178:30 December
1042:Crimean War
1027:Baluchistan
942:August 2019
604:utilitarian
600:Orientalist
522:Dr Chalmers
386:annexations
262:Citizenship
188:Preceded by
124:Preceded by
4384:Categories
4313:Linlithgow
4253:Chelmsford
4243:Cornwallis
4155:Tatya Tope
4025:Nana Saheb
3930:K. Kamaraj
3880:Dhan Singh
3795:Bakht Khan
3447:Arya Samaj
3381:Quit India
3331:Salt March
3190:Events and
3166:Satyagraha
2457:Labouchere
2432:Labouchere
2282:FitzWalter
2277:Holderness
2257:Winchilsea
2176:1838–1860
2150:1838–1860
2126:1849–1860
2095:1836–1838
2061:1853–1860
1997:1845–1846
1970:1843–1845
1786:required.)
1243:10 January
1113:References
772:Tenasserim
657:Vans Agnew
608:Benthamite
402:Wellington
392:Early life
304:Alma mater
251:1860-12-20
239:, Scotland
237:Midlothian
227:1812-04-22
4288:Wellesley
4273:Dalhousie
4135:Surya Sen
4030:P. Kakkan
3990:Mir Qasim
3965:M. N. Roy
3900:Har Dayal
3733:activists
3562:Baba Amte
3552:Ayyankali
3530:reformers
3452:Azad Hind
3192:movements
3171:Socialism
2907:Trevelyan
2877:Mandelson
2847:Mandelson
2832:Heseltine
2797:Parkinson
2792:Cockfield
2687:Shawcross
2672:Lyttelton
2662:Llewellin
2652:Lyttelton
2582:Churchill
2572:Salisbury
2492:Northcote
2452:Clarendon
2447:Dalhousie
2442:Gladstone
2392:Huskisson
2382:Clancarty
2362:Liverpool
2342:Sackville
2337:Dartmouth
2317:Dartmouth
2307:Shelburne
2302:Townshend
1738:(1911). "
1103:Dalhousie
837:Sambalpur
557:Corn Laws
534:President
530:Gladstone
483:Edinburgh
418:Christian
408:, became
315:Known for
156:In office
80:In office
4318:Hastings
4278:Bentinck
3497:Jugantar
3141:Gandhism
2917:Reynolds
2912:Badenoch
2722:Crosland
2702:Maulding
2637:Runciman
2597:Runciman
2552:Mundella
2537:Mundella
2532:Stanhope
2527:Richmond
2512:Adderley
2497:Richmond
2467:Cardwell
2412:Auckland
2387:Robinson
2377:Bathurst
2372:Auckland
2367:Montrose
2352:Grantham
2347:Carlisle
2267:Berkeley
2262:Guilford
2252:Stamford
2247:Weymouth
2242:Stamford
2130:Extinct
1558:27453034
1419:(1999).
1325:(2005).
1161:(2000).
1071:Spithead
988:Calcutta
700:Sadulpur
696:Ramnagar
359:railways
295:(mother)
289:(father)
169:Victoria
93:Victoria
4238:Canning
3657:Periyar
3306:Bardoli
3074:Gwalior
2976:History
2867:Darling
2862:Johnson
2842:Beckett
2812:Channon
2807:Brittan
2642:Stanley
2617:Baldwin
2602:Stanley
2567:Balfour
2562:Ritchie
2542:Stanley
2472:Stanley
2427:Thomson
2417:Thomson
2407:Herries
2292:Halifax
2272:Suffolk
1897:Hansard
1746:(ed.).
1733::
1708:15 July
1508:2122938
1086:Malvern
1046:Lucknow
888:Bethune
880:Bethune
857:Udaipur
849:Karauli
833:Jaitpur
812:, 1847.
737:Rangoon
690:in the
669:sardars
431:in the
280:Parents
249: (
225: (
165:Monarch
89:Monarch
4308:Cripps
4303:Outram
4293:Lytton
4258:Curzon
4233:Wavell
3528:Social
3181:Swaraj
3064:Second
3049:Fourth
3039:Second
2872:Hutton
2857:Hewitt
2827:Lilley
2822:Ridley
2802:Tebbit
2787:Biffen
2762:Jenkin
2757:Joseph
2752:Varley
2742:Walker
2737:Davies
2707:Erroll
2697:Eccles
2682:Wilson
2677:Cripps
2667:Dalton
2657:Duncan
2647:Duncan
2627:Graham
2607:Geddes
2587:Buxton
2517:Sandon
2502:Bright
2487:Gibson
2477:Henley
2462:Henley
2422:Baring
2357:Sydney
2327:Nugent
2297:Sandys
2287:Monson
1938:–1838
1885:Press.
1874:
1832:online
1780:
1742:". In
1727:
1556:
1531:
1506:
1481:
1456:
1429:
1333:
1289:online
1169:
1057:Bengal
874:. The
853:Baghat
845:Nagpur
841:Jhansi
829:Satara
784:Arakan
768:Arakan
760:Thames
756:Ganges
681:Punjab
661:Multan
532:being
361:, the
272:Spouse
4298:Clive
4268:Minto
4263:Ripon
4248:Irwin
3682:Shahu
3069:Third
3059:First
3044:Third
3034:First
2902:Truss
2892:Clark
2887:Javid
2882:Cable
2852:Byers
2817:Young
2777:Smith
2767:Shore
2732:Noble
2727:Mason
2712:Heath
2612:Horne
2592:Burns
2557:Bryce
2437:Ripon
2397:Grant
663:from
637:Sepoy
414:India
337:
48:
4216:more
3518:more
3117:more
2837:Lang
2782:Nott
2772:Dell
2747:Benn
1936:1837
1929:for
1872:ISBN
1710:2024
1554:OCLC
1529:ISBN
1504:OCLC
1479:ISBN
1454:ISBN
1427:ISBN
1331:ISBN
1245:2017
1180:2018
1167:ISBN
1038:Oudh
843:and
835:and
244:Died
220:Born
2897:Fox
2717:Jay
1772:doi
932:by
729:Ava
422:née
412:in
4386::
1844:.
1699:.
1666:^
1566:^
1188:^
1121:^
898:.
770:,
635:–
528:,
454:.
388:.
339:PC
335:KT
235:,
50:PC
46:KT
2960:e
2953:t
2946:v
2213:e
2206:t
2199:v
1880:.
1834:.
1778:.
1774::
1712:.
1560:.
1537:.
1510:.
1487:.
1462:.
1435:.
1339:.
1247:.
1182:.
1081:£
1076:£
955:)
949:(
944:)
940:(
926:.
420:(
253:)
229:)
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
