862:
35:
1161:(Gumugou), which is located to the west of Lop Nur, on the Könchi (Kongque) river. Forty-two graves, most of which dated from 2100 to 1500 BC, were found. There were two types of tomb at the site, belonging to two different time periods. The first type of burial featured shaft pit graves, some of which had poles at either end to mark east and west. Bodies were found extended, usually facing east, and sometimes were wrapped in wool weavings and wearing felt hats. Artifacts found included basketry, wheat grains, cattle and sheep/goat horns, bird bone necklaces and bracelets, nephrite beads, and fragments of copper (or bronze), although no pottery was discovered.
3122:
624:
3132:
2228:
57:
93:
1064:
100:
64:
1419:
1324:
764:
visited the area in 1900–1901 and suggested that the Tarim river periodically changed its course to and from between its southbound and northbound direction, resulting in a shift in the position of the terminal lake. The change in the course of the river, which resulted in Lop Nur drying up, was also
794:
in an attempt to fill the
Taitema Lake. The Taitema Lake however had shifted 30 to 40 kilometres (19 to 25 mi) westwards during the past 40 years due in part to the spread of the desert. Another cause of the destabilization of the desert has been the cutting of poplars and willows for firewood;
768:
In 1921, due to human intervention, the terminal lake shifted its position back to Lop Nur. The lake measured 2400 km in area in 1930–1931. In 1934, Sven Hedin went down the new Kuruk Darya ("Dry River") in a canoe. He found the delta to be a maze of channels and the new lake so shallow that it
1164:
The second type of burial, from a later period, also consisted of shaft pit graves, surrounded by seven concentric circles of poles. Six male graves were found, in which the bodies were extended on their backs, and facing towards the east. Few artifacts were found, except for some traces of copper,
1071:
Given the extreme dryness and resulting thin population, remains of some buildings survived for a significant period of time. When ancient graves, some a few thousand years old, were opened the bodies were often found to be mummified and grave goods well preserved. The earliest sites are associated
963:
Further analysis of the satellite images since 2017 also uncovered the development of new infrastructure at the site. This included the construction of new roads, power lines, an electrical substation, and a support area with multiple buildings. What was once a modest site with only a few buildings
935:
In 2009, Jun Takada, a
Japanese scientist, published the results of his computer simulation which suggests – based on deaths from Soviet tests – that 190,000 people could have died in China from nuclear-related illnesses. Enver Tohti, an exiled pro-Uyghur independence activist, claimed that cancer
1138:
to the site in 1934. An excavation project by the
Xinjiang Cultural Relics and Archaeology Institute began in October 2003. A total of 167 tombs have been dug up since the end of 2002 and excavations have revealed hundreds of smaller tombs built in layers, as well as other precious artifacts. In
780:
was built at
Tikanlik, water supply to the lake was cut off, and all the lakes for the most part then dried out, with only small seasonal lakes forming in local depressions in Taitema. The loss of water to the lower Tarim River Valley also led to the deterioration and loss of
47:
964:
had transformed into a modern and sophisticated complex, complete with security fences. One of the new structures was a bunker that was fortified with earthen berms and lightning arresters, indicating its suitability for handling high explosives. Tests on
936:
rates in the province of
Xinjiang were 30 to 35% higher than the national average. On 29 July 1996, China conducted its 45th and final nuclear test at Lop Nor, and issued a formal moratorium on nuclear testing the following day, although further
1366:
A record of
Buddhistic kingdoms; being an account by the Chinese monk Fâ-Hien of his travels in India and Ceylon, A.D. 399-414, in search of the Buddhist books of discipline. Translated and annotated with a Corean recension of the Chinese
1516:
in length and breadth. Its waters are stagnant, and do not increase or decrease during the winter or summer. It is generally believed that the water flows hidden underground, emerges south at Jishi, and becomes the
Chinese River (meaning
877:
of China's far west, serves as an extensive military base. This location was selected for nuclear testing due to its desolate and isolated nature, devoid of any permanent inhabitants, though the broader
Xinjiang region is home to the
614:
at the site in the mid-1990s, it is also the location of a large-scale mining operation. There are some restricted areas under military management and cultural relics protection points in the region, which are not open to the public.
968:
of missiles and warheads can also be possibly carried out at this site. However, the
Chinese Foreign Ministry has dismissed the report and its "utterly irresponsible" claims. China has denied any nuclear testing plans on the site.
931:
on 17 June 1967. Until 1996, 45 nuclear tests were conducted. These nuclear tests were conducted by dropping bombs from aircraft, mounted on towers, launching missiles, detonating weapons underground and in the atmosphere.
789:
shrubs that used to be extensively distributed along the lower Tarim River Valley forming the so-called "Green
Corridor". In 2000, in an effort to prevent further deterioration of the ecosystem, water was diverted from
1130:
burial site is an oblong sand dune, from which more than thirty well preserved mummies have been excavated. The entire Xiaohe Cemetery contains about 330 tombs, about 160 of which have been violated by grave robbers.
947:
In December 2023, a report emerged indicating that China was making preparations to resume nuclear tests in a remote desert. Satellite imagery provided evidence of these preparations, revealing the presence of a
743:
The lake was referred to as the "Wandering Lake" in the early 20th century due to the Tarim River changing its course, causing its terminal lake to alter its location between the Lop Nur dried basin, the
1465:
Original text: 蒲昌海，一名泑澤，亦名鹽澤，亦名輔日海，亦名穿蘭，亦名臨海，在沙州西南。Translation; Puchang Hai, another name is You Ze, also called Yan ze, Furi Hai, Chuan Lan, and Lin Hai. It is located to the south-west of Shazhou (
732:(roughly 120–160 km) in length and breadth, indicating it was once a lake of great size. These early texts also mentioned the belief, mistaken as it turns out, that the lake joins the
3007:
2831:
544:
drain from the west and east respectively, is the last remnant of the historical post-glacial Tarim Lake, which once covered more than 10,000 km (3,900 sq mi) in the
997:. Since the cessation of nuclear testing at Lop Nur, human incursions into the area have caused a decline in the camel population. Wild Bactrian camels have been classified as
1090:
Loulan or Kroran was an ancient kingdom based around an important oasis city already known in the 2nd century BCE on the north-eastern edge of the Lop Desert. It was renamed
1110:
also excavated at the site in the beginning of the 20th century, while Chinese archaeologists explored the area in the latter part of the 20th century. A mummy called the
2131:
1623:
Sven Hedin, The Wandering lake, 1940. The river was also called the Kum Darya (Sand River). The Gizi map of Xinjiang calls it the Konche, which is probably a mistake.
1024:, which runs 374.83 kilometres (232.91 mi) north to Hami, along the same route, opened to freight operations in November 2012. The railway is used to transport
809:
disappeared while walking into Lop Nur in search of water. His body was never found, and his disappearance remains a mystery. On 3 June 1996, the Chinese explorer
1280:
is opaque in both languages and in Chinese too, a fact suggesting that the name goes back to a time before Turks, Mongols, or Chinese had entered the territory.
2861:
631:
where the terminal lake was found in 1867 is located to the south-west of Lop Nor, and the lake had shifted back to Lop Nor by the time this map was drawn.
2763:
2657:
2101:
1825:
1400:
2821:
2602:
1851:
752:
basin. This shift of the terminal lake caused some confusion amongst the early explorers as to the exact location of Lop Nur. Imperial maps from the
2006:
3180:
1179:
Miran is located to the south-west of Lop Nur. Buddhist monasteries were excavated here, and murals and sculptures showed artistic influences from
2836:
2811:
2647:
1874:
1001:
since 2002 and approximately half of the 1400 remaining wild Bactrian camels live on the former Lop Nur test base, which has been designated the
1094:
after Chinese took control of the kingdom in 1st century BCE. It was abandoned some time in the seventh century. Its location was discovered by
2987:
2702:
2632:
1139:
2006, a valuable archeological finding was uncovered: a boat-shaped coffin wrapped in ox hide, containing the mummified body of a young woman.
2697:
2866:
2896:
2778:
2145:
2140:
Downloadable article: "Evidence that a West-East admixed population lived in the Tarim Basin as early as the early Bronze Age" Li et al.
861:
2120:
1500:
Original text: 蒲昌海，一名鹽澤者也，去玉門、陽關三百餘里，廣袤三四百里。其水亭居，冬夏不增減，皆以為潛行地下，南出於積石，為中國河雲. Translation: Puchang Hai, also named Yan Ze, lies over 300
1002:
492:
940:
tests were suspected. In 2012, China announced plans to spend US$ 1 million to clean up the Malan nuclear base in Lop Nor to create a
2171:
1437:
776:
when the Tarim River and Konque River were separated through human intervention, and Lop Nur dried out again by 1964. In 1972, the
77:
1988:
1383:"Chapter 36: Of the Town of Lop Of the Desert in its Vicinity – And of the strange Noises heard by those who pass over the latter"
530:
56:
92:
1235:
856:
607:
986:
852:
1634:
3108:
882:, a predominantly Muslim ethnic group that has historically faced widespread detentions and stringent security measures in
1746:
34:
3160:
3002:
2826:
39:
Satellite picture of the Basin of the former sea of Lop Nur; the concentric shorelines of the vanished lake are visible.
3165:
1215:
1542:
3155:
2526:
2106:
756:
showed Lop Nur to be located in similar position to the present Lop Nur dried basin, but the Russian geographer
2067:
Kwang-tzuu Chen and Fredrik T. Hiebert (1995). "The Late Prehistory of Xinjiang in Relation to Its Neighbors".
1829:
232:
130:
1404:
1272:
is Mongol for 'lake' and occurs as part of many lake names in Xinjiang and other parts of Central Asia, while
769:
was difficult to navigate even in a canoe. He had previously walked the dry Kuruk Darya in a caravan in 1900.
3190:
1230:
953:
651:, along its ancient shoreline. Former water resources of the Tarim River and Lop Nur nurtured the kingdom of
496:
248:
146:
659:, which skirted the lake-filled basin. Loulan became a client state of the Chinese empire in 55 BC, renamed
2164:
1029:
583:. The lake measured 3,100 km (1,200 sq mi) in 1928, but has dried up due to construction of
2007:"New railway completes 2,700km loop of Taklamakan Desert in move to integrate Xinjiang with rest of China"
816:
726:
it was called Puchang Hai (蒲昌海, literally Sea of Abundant Reed) and was given a dimension of 300 to 400
3175:
1802:
1036:
476:
1103:
1052:
1048:
334:
2024:
255:
239:
2662:
1044:
1021:
920:
680:
405:
2046:
1382:
623:
3170:
2622:
2157:
1936:
886:. The Uyghurs have persistently voiced concerns regarding the health risks posed by the towering
501:
3185:
3060:
2471:
2180:
1462:
1276:
is Uyghur for 'bright' (as in the white of the salt flats). Mongol probably wins this one. But
1532:
1341:
952:
that had created a deep vertical shaft. This shaft was believed to be designed to contain the
1700:
998:
985:. The camels have continued to breed naturally despite the nuclear testing. China signed the
377:
2977:
2967:
2506:
2486:
2227:
2086:
1572:
1317:
1158:
1148:
153:
137:
8:
3100:
3065:
2942:
2758:
2682:
2461:
2436:
2306:
1656:
978:
891:
777:
757:
684:
468:
1951:
1576:
1441:
1364:
3085:
3080:
3012:
2114:
1985:
1718:
1588:
990:
696:
600:
480:
460:
1678:
1563:
Zhao Songqiao and Xia Xuncheng (1984). "Evolution of the Lop Desert and the Lop Nor".
1497:
1063:
765:
suggested by Hedin as the reason why ancient settlements such as Loulan had perished.
2917:
2617:
2129:
Salt Fields in Former “Wandering” Lake Lop Nur, China – May 13, 2009 – Earth Snapshot
1913:
1882:
1642:
1538:
957:
898:
883:
484:
391:
316:
308:
214:
206:
3095:
3030:
2997:
2722:
2496:
2491:
2336:
2311:
1931:
1580:
1174:
1111:
1043:, part of the Taklimakan Desert railway loop, joined together with sections of the
580:
273:
171:
1611:"Hedin, the Man Who Solved the Mystery of the Wandering Lake: Lop Nor and Lou-lan"
3090:
3045:
3040:
2992:
2574:
2466:
2135:
1992:
1610:
1123:
965:
874:
557:
526:
355:
2096:
795:
in response, a restoration project to reclaim the poplar forests was initiated.
3070:
2947:
2937:
2803:
2732:
2637:
2391:
1085:
1073:
982:
887:
717:
652:
568:
457:
436:
294:
192:
989:
in 1996 but did not ratify it. Subsequently, the camels were classified as an
3149:
2846:
2743:
2642:
2589:
2451:
2406:
2401:
2396:
2381:
2341:
2256:
2202:
1922:
1886:
1509:
1482:
1478:
1423:
1328:
1225:
1210:
1154:
1135:
994:
928:
831:
818:
648:
647:
have discovered the buried remains of settlements, as well as several of the
488:
3136:
3126:
3055:
2927:
2922:
2871:
2856:
2793:
2788:
2717:
2707:
2667:
2627:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2534:
2411:
2356:
2326:
2321:
2301:
2296:
1787:
1518:
1184:
949:
902:
773:
753:
749:
733:
668:
632:
280:
178:
3050:
3035:
2982:
2962:
2891:
2876:
2841:
2816:
2768:
2748:
2712:
2692:
2597:
2549:
2544:
2501:
2456:
2441:
2426:
2421:
2366:
2361:
2291:
2281:
2271:
2251:
2246:
2217:
2197:
2091:
1205:
1107:
1040:
941:
937:
924:
866:
810:
799:
791:
745:
737:
692:
644:
628:
592:
553:
545:
541:
537:
472:
639:
From around 1800 BC until the 9th century the lake supported a thriving
3075:
2952:
2932:
2886:
2881:
2851:
2783:
2753:
2687:
2677:
2516:
2511:
2446:
2376:
2351:
2346:
2276:
2266:
2237:
1803:"Did China's Nuclear Tests Kill Thousands and Doom Future Generations?"
1745:
Broad, William J.; Buckley, Chris; Corum, Jonathan (20 December 2023).
1505:
1348:
1200:
1127:
1095:
806:
761:
688:
676:
672:
640:
596:
1592:
3022:
2972:
2957:
2912:
2773:
2672:
2652:
2612:
2579:
2481:
2476:
2431:
2416:
2371:
2331:
2316:
2286:
2207:
1295:
1099:
1014:
927:", occurred at Lop Nur on 16 October 1964. China detonated its first
905:
assistance in selection of the site, with its headquarters at Malan (
728:
713:
695:
visited and studied the area. It is also likely that Swedish soldier
656:
584:
565:
561:
1481:
Original text: 而樓蘭、姑師邑有城郭，臨鹽澤。Translation: The cities of Loulan and
1017:
to Lop Nur (Xinjiang Provincial Highway 235) was completed in 2006.
2607:
2261:
2212:
1875:"China may have conducted low-level nuclear test, US report claims"
1584:
1466:
1220:
1091:
660:
572:
549:
635:
was a smaller transit lake and located to the west of Kara-Koshun.
2735:
2386:
2149:
1422:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
1327:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
916:
879:
786:
782:
700:
464:
2128:
712:
it was called Yan Ze (鹽澤, literally Salt Marsh), indicating its
603:
ranging from 30 to 100 cm (12 to 39 in) in thickness.
2539:
1025:
722:
664:
655:
since the second century BC, an ancient civilisation along the
611:
576:
564:, it is landbound and has no outlet, and has relied largely on
506:
2113:
1608:
1562:
706:
The lake was given various names in ancient Chinese texts. In
1969:
1180:
708:
1134:
A local hunter guided the Swedish explorer and archeologist
679:. In the 19th century and early 20th century, the explorers
1701:"China Creates 'Man-made Oasis' Along Longest Inland River"
1188:
802:
dried basin may be considered part of the greater Lop Nur.
740:
through an underground channel as the source of the river.
1370:. Robarts – University of Toronto. Oxford Clarendon Press.
16:
Former salt lake in Bayingolin Prefecture, Xinjiang, China
1747:"China Quietly Rebuilds Secretive Base for Nuclear Tests"
1719:"Found Dead – Yu Chunshun, 48, Intrepid Chinese explorer"
1114:
was found at a cemetery site on the bank of Töwän River.
865:
Mushroom cloud of the first Chinese nuclear weapon test,
703:
to produce maps over the area in the eighteenth century.
588:
760:
instead found the terminal lake at Kara-Koshun in 1867.
591:
the flow of water feeding into the lake, and only small
46:
606:
An area to the northwest of Lop Nur has been used as a
599:
may form. The dried-up Lop Nur Basin is covered with a
1854:. Beijing: United Press International. 17 October 2012
1788:"China's nuclear tests allegedly caused 190000 deaths"
1098:
in 1899, who excavated some houses and found a wooden
313:
299:
285:
211:
197:
183:
2025:"Burial Site from the Bronze Age, Lop Nur, Xinjiang"
1039:, which loops around the south and west side of the
410:
396:
382:
451:
915:), about 125 kilometres (78 mi) northwest of
491:deserts. Administratively, the lake is in Lop Nur
1986:China starts building railway into "sea of death"
1770:
1744:
3147:
2047:"Silk Road Documentary Unearths Latest Findings"
1771:Burrows, Andrew S.; Fieldhouse, Richard (1993).
1438:"En svensk karta över Lop-nor och Tarimbäckenet"
671:(395–414), followed by later Chinese pilgrims.
339:
1785:
1187:, with some showing influences from as far as
471:formerly located in the eastern fringe of the
2165:
1823:
1679:"Tarim River Ecological Protection Suggested"
1362:
1102:tablet and many Chinese manuscripts from the
906:
699:had visited the area when he was helping the
467:of unknown origin) is a now largely dried-up
253:
237:
151:
135:
2124:. Vol. 16 (11th ed.). p. 991.
1937:10.2305/iucn.uk.2008.rlts.t63543a12689285.en
1800:
1740:
1738:
1736:
1558:
1556:
1554:
846:
548:but had progressively shrunk throughout the
1258:. W. W. Norton & Company. p. 125.
716:nature, near which was located the ancient
2172:
2158:
1852:"China to open ex-atomic site to tourists"
1632:
1003:Lop Nur Wild Camel National Nature Reserve
772:In 1952 the terminal lake then shifted to
463:name meaning "Lop Lake", where "Lop" is a
1935:
1733:
1551:
1530:
1493:
1491:
813:died while trying to walk across Lop Nur.
667:went by the Lop Desert on his way to the
2087:Map of the Lop Nur nuclear test facility
1707:. Xinhua News Agency. 15 September 2007.
1126:is located to the west of Lop Nur. This
1062:
860:
622:
3181:Bayingolin Mongol Autonomous Prefecture
1981:
1979:
1944:
1907:
1905:
1903:
1775:. Boulder: Westview Press. p. 380.
1058:
981:, which is a separate species from the
627:Map of Lop Nur by Folke Bergman, 1935.
531:Bayingolin Mongol Autonomous Prefecture
3148:
2111:
1872:
1604:
1602:
1488:
1435:
1387:The travels of Marco Polo the Venetian
1253:
1236:List of nuclear weapons tests of China
857:List of nuclear weapons tests of China
315:
213:
2153:
2004:
1290:
1288:
1153:In 1979, some of the earliest of the
987:Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty
853:China and weapons of mass destruction
3109:List of dams and reservoirs in China
1976:
1962:
1911:
1900:
1609:Makiko Onishi and Asanobu Kitamoto.
1531:Lou Yulie, ed. (17 September 2015).
1485:have walls; they lie near to Yan Ze.
1380:
1972:. Wild Camel Protection Foundation.
1923:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
1828:. Arms Control Wonk. Archived from
1599:
1296:"Lop Nor Nuclear Weapons Test Base"
1157:were discovered in burial sites at
805:On 17 June 1980, Chinese scientist
529:, which in its turn is part of the
475:in the southeastern portion of the
81:Location of Lop Nur within Xinjiang
13:
2179:
1952:"'New' camel lives on salty water"
1320:. Earth Observatory. 19 June 2011.
1285:
1216:Silk Road transmission of Buddhism
1117:
956:of radiation resulting from large
675:in his travels passed through the
14:
3202:
2092:Lop Nor Nuclear Weapons Test Base
2080:
1657:"Desert Intrudes upon Tarim Lake"
1635:"Quenching thirst in Tarim Basin"
1008:
3130:
3120:
2226:
1995:, gov.cn, Thursday, 4 March 2010
1873:Borger, Julian (16 April 2020).
1826:"Subcritical Testing at Lop Nor"
1786:Subhabrata Das (20 April 2009).
1417:
1322:
536:The lake system, into which the
98:
91:
62:
55:
45:
33:
2061:
2039:
2017:
1998:
1866:
1844:
1817:
1794:
1779:
1764:
1711:
1693:
1671:
1649:
1626:
1617:
1524:
1472:
1363:Fa-hsien; Legge, James (1886).
1352:. 《新疆哈密广播电视报》. 6 December 2012.
1067:Mask from second millennium BCE
99:
63:
1824:Jeffrey Lewis (3 April 2009).
1456:
1429:
1393:
1374:
1356:
1334:
1310:
1260:Two groups have laid claim to
1247:
897:China established the Lop Nur
873:Lop Nur, situated in the arid
521:
516:
511:
500:
411:
397:
383:
314:
300:
286:
254:
238:
212:
198:
184:
152:
136:
1:
1241:
2112:Bealby, John Thomas (1911).
2097:DF-31 Tested on 10 June 1994
2005:Zhang, Kate (17 June 2022).
1801:Zeeya Merali (8 July 2009).
1633:Liang Chao (13 April 2004).
1440:(in Swedish). Archived from
1142:
560:. Lop Nur is hydrologically
452:
7:
2069:Journal of World Prehistory
1194:
515:), also known as Luozhong (
10:
3207:
3161:Chinese nuclear test sites
1318:"Lop Nur, Xinjiang, China"
1254:Barber, Elizabeth (2000).
1172:
1146:
1083:
1072:with an ancient people of
972:
850:
618:
477:Xinjiang Autonomous Region
440:
3166:Sites along the Silk Road
3117:
3021:
2905:
2802:
2731:
2588:
2525:
2457:Heaven (Changbai Tianchi)
2235:
2224:
2190:
1079:
1053:Southern Xinjiang railway
1035:It is also served by the
1028:mined at the lake to the
921:Chinese nuclear bomb test
907:
847:Nuclear weapons test base
610:. Since the discovery of
422:
404:
390:
376:
371:
367:
360:
354:
349:
340:
333:
328:
307:
293:
279:
272:
267:
263:
247:
231:
226:
205:
191:
177:
170:
165:
161:
145:
129:
124:
44:
32:
28:
23:
2011:South China Morning Post
1773:Nuclear Weapons Databook
1705:China DevelopmentGateway
1565:The Geographical Journal
1342:
1168:
1030:Lanzhou–Xinjiang railway
901:on 16 October 1959 with
681:Ferdinand von Richthofen
233:Traditional Chinese
227:Alternative Chinese name
131:Traditional Chinese
3156:Endorheic lakes of Asia
2575:Rakshastal (La-Ang Tso)
2121:Encyclopædia Britannica
977:Lop Nur is home to the
249:Simplified Chinese
147:Simplified Chinese
1537:. Brill. p. 270.
1403:. NASA. Archived from
1256:The Mummies of Urümchi
1068:
1037:Hotan–Ruoqiang railway
870:
636:
2107:Surveying the Lop Nor
1805:. Scientific American
1264:, the second half of
1066:
1049:Kashgar–Hotan railway
999:critically endangered
869:, at Lop Nur in 1964.
864:
851:Further information:
626:
3191:Former lakes of Asia
1613:. Digital Silk Road.
1512:, and is 300 to 400
1444:on 28 September 2007
1436:Strindberg, August.
1401:"The Wandering Lake"
1381:Dent, J. M. (1908),
1059:Archaeological sites
1045:Golmud–Korla railway
1022:Hami–Lop Nur Railway
748:dried basin and the
608:nuclear testing site
84:Show map of Xinjiang
78:class=notpageimage|
2134:7 June 2020 at the
1577:1984GeogJ.150..311S
1026:potassium-rich salt
979:wild Bactrian camel
892:radioactive fallout
890:and the release of
828: /
778:Daxihaizi Reservoir
758:Nikolay Przhevalsky
685:Nikolai Przhevalsky
2527:Notable salt lakes
2027:. www.china.org.cn
1991:2012-02-29 at the
1958:. 6 February 2001.
1832:on 31 October 2012
1790:. Digital Journal.
1751:The New York Times
1069:
991:endangered species
958:nuclear explosions
871:
697:Johan Gustaf Renat
637:
481:northwestern China
335:Mongolian Cyrillic
3176:Lakes of Xinjiang
3143:
3142:
2906:Major urban lakes
2618:East Lake (Wuhan)
1912:Hare, J. (2008).
1389:, pp. 99–101
1149:Qäwrighul culture
954:destructive power
899:Nuclear Test Base
884:Xinjiang conflict
832:40.167°N 90.583°E
450:
426:
425:
418:
417:
324:
323:
274:Standard Mandarin
222:
221:
172:Standard Mandarin
115:Show map of China
3198:
3137:China portal
3135:
3134:
3133:
3127:Lakes portal
3125:
3124:
3123:
3056:Thousand Islands
2623:Tianshan Tianchi
2230:
2191:Five Great Lakes
2184:
2174:
2167:
2160:
2151:
2150:
2125:
2117:
2075:
2065:
2059:
2058:
2056:
2054:
2043:
2037:
2036:
2034:
2032:
2021:
2015:
2014:
2002:
1996:
1983:
1974:
1973:
1966:
1960:
1959:
1948:
1942:
1941:
1939:
1909:
1898:
1897:
1895:
1893:
1870:
1864:
1863:
1861:
1859:
1848:
1842:
1841:
1839:
1837:
1821:
1815:
1814:
1812:
1810:
1798:
1792:
1791:
1783:
1777:
1776:
1768:
1762:
1761:
1759:
1757:
1742:
1731:
1730:
1728:
1726:
1715:
1709:
1708:
1697:
1691:
1690:
1688:
1686:
1675:
1669:
1668:
1666:
1664:
1653:
1647:
1646:
1641:. Archived from
1630:
1624:
1621:
1615:
1614:
1606:
1597:
1596:
1560:
1549:
1548:
1528:
1522:
1495:
1486:
1476:
1470:
1460:
1454:
1453:
1451:
1449:
1433:
1427:
1421:
1420:
1416:
1414:
1412:
1407:on 16 April 2002
1397:
1391:
1390:
1378:
1372:
1371:
1360:
1354:
1353:
1338:
1332:
1326:
1325:
1321:
1314:
1308:
1307:
1305:
1303:
1292:
1283:
1282:
1251:
1175:Miran (Xinjiang)
1112:Beauty of Loulan
910:
909:
843:
842:
840:
839:
838:
833:
829:
826:
825:
824:
821:
581:Qilian Mountains
579:and the western
523:
518:
513:
504:
455:
449:romanized:
448:
446:
445:
414:
413:
400:
399:
386:
385:
369:
368:
362:
345:
344:
320:
319:
318:
303:
302:
289:
288:
265:
264:
259:
258:
243:
242:
218:
217:
216:
201:
200:
187:
186:
163:
162:
157:
156:
141:
140:
116:
102:
101:
95:
85:
66:
65:
59:
49:
37:
21:
20:
3206:
3205:
3201:
3200:
3199:
3197:
3196:
3195:
3146:
3145:
3144:
3139:
3131:
3129:
3121:
3119:
3113:
3017:
2913:West (Hangzhou)
2901:
2862:West (Dunhuang)
2804:Nature Reserves
2798:
2727:
2613:West (Hangzhou)
2584:
2521:
2231:
2222:
2186:
2182:
2178:
2136:Wayback Machine
2115:"Lop-nor"
2083:
2078:
2066:
2062:
2052:
2050:
2045:
2044:
2040:
2030:
2028:
2023:
2022:
2018:
2003:
1999:
1993:Wayback Machine
1984:
1977:
1968:
1967:
1963:
1950:
1949:
1945:
1910:
1901:
1891:
1889:
1871:
1867:
1857:
1855:
1850:
1849:
1845:
1835:
1833:
1822:
1818:
1808:
1806:
1799:
1795:
1784:
1780:
1769:
1765:
1755:
1753:
1743:
1734:
1724:
1722:
1717:
1716:
1712:
1699:
1698:
1694:
1684:
1682:
1677:
1676:
1672:
1662:
1660:
1655:
1654:
1650:
1645:on 10 May 2012.
1631:
1627:
1622:
1618:
1607:
1600:
1561:
1552:
1545:
1529:
1525:
1496:
1489:
1477:
1473:
1461:
1457:
1447:
1445:
1434:
1430:
1418:
1410:
1408:
1399:
1398:
1394:
1379:
1375:
1361:
1357:
1344:
1340:
1339:
1335:
1323:
1316:
1315:
1311:
1301:
1299:
1294:
1293:
1286:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1197:
1177:
1171:
1151:
1145:
1124:Xiaohe Cemetery
1120:
1118:Xiaohe Cemetery
1088:
1082:
1061:
1013:A highway from
1011:
975:
966:miniaturization
888:mushroom clouds
875:Xinjiang region
859:
849:
836:
834:
830:
827:
822:
819:
817:
815:
814:
621:
558:Tibetan Plateau
527:Ruoqiang County
443:
441:
342:
120:
119:
118:
117:
114:
113:
112:Lop Nur (China)
110:
109:
108:
107:
103:
87:
86:
83:
82:
80:
74:
73:
72:
71:
67:
40:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3204:
3194:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3178:
3173:
3171:Shrunken lakes
3168:
3163:
3158:
3141:
3140:
3118:
3115:
3114:
3112:
3111:
3103:
3098:
3093:
3088:
3083:
3078:
3073:
3068:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3048:
3043:
3038:
3033:
3027:
3025:
3019:
3018:
3016:
3015:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2980:
2975:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2955:
2950:
2945:
2943:West (Huizhou)
2940:
2935:
2930:
2925:
2920:
2915:
2909:
2907:
2903:
2902:
2900:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2808:
2806:
2800:
2799:
2797:
2796:
2791:
2786:
2781:
2776:
2771:
2766:
2761:
2759:South Dongting
2756:
2751:
2746:
2740:
2738:
2729:
2728:
2726:
2725:
2720:
2715:
2710:
2705:
2700:
2695:
2690:
2685:
2683:West (Huizhou)
2680:
2675:
2670:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2650:
2645:
2640:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2620:
2615:
2610:
2605:
2600:
2594:
2592:
2590:National Parks
2586:
2585:
2583:
2582:
2577:
2572:
2567:
2562:
2557:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2531:
2529:
2523:
2522:
2520:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2399:
2394:
2389:
2384:
2379:
2374:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2349:
2344:
2339:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2304:
2299:
2294:
2289:
2284:
2279:
2274:
2269:
2264:
2259:
2254:
2249:
2243:
2241:
2233:
2232:
2225:
2223:
2221:
2220:
2215:
2210:
2205:
2200:
2194:
2192:
2188:
2187:
2177:
2176:
2169:
2162:
2154:
2148:
2147:
2138:
2126:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2082:
2081:External links
2079:
2077:
2076:
2060:
2049:. china.org.cn
2038:
2016:
1997:
1975:
1961:
1943:
1899:
1865:
1843:
1816:
1793:
1778:
1763:
1732:
1721:. asiaweek.com
1710:
1692:
1681:. china.org.cn
1670:
1659:. china.org.cn
1648:
1625:
1616:
1598:
1585:10.2307/634326
1571:(3): 311–321.
1550:
1543:
1523:
1487:
1471:
1463:Zizhi Tongjian
1455:
1428:
1392:
1373:
1355:
1333:
1309:
1284:
1245:
1243:
1240:
1239:
1238:
1233:
1228:
1223:
1218:
1213:
1208:
1203:
1196:
1193:
1173:Main article:
1170:
1167:
1147:Main article:
1144:
1141:
1119:
1116:
1086:Loulan Kingdom
1084:Main article:
1081:
1078:
1060:
1057:
1010:
1009:Transportation
1007:
983:Bactrian camel
974:
971:
848:
845:
837:40.167; 90.583
718:Loulan Kingdom
645:Archaeologists
620:
617:
593:seasonal lakes
554:rain shadowing
483:, between the
424:
423:
420:
419:
416:
415:
408:
402:
401:
394:
388:
387:
380:
374:
373:
372:Transcriptions
365:
364:
358:
352:
351:
347:
346:
337:
331:
330:
329:Mongolian name
326:
325:
322:
321:
311:
305:
304:
301:Lo-pu Nao-'erh
297:
291:
290:
283:
277:
276:
270:
269:
268:Transcriptions
261:
260:
251:
245:
244:
235:
229:
228:
224:
223:
220:
219:
209:
203:
202:
195:
189:
188:
181:
175:
174:
168:
167:
166:Transcriptions
159:
158:
149:
143:
142:
133:
127:
126:
122:
121:
111:
105:
104:
97:
96:
90:
89:
88:
76:
75:
69:
68:
61:
60:
54:
53:
52:
51:
50:
42:
41:
38:
30:
29:
26:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3203:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3186:Tarim mummies
3184:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3153:
3151:
3138:
3128:
3116:
3110:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3028:
3026:
3024:
3020:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2910:
2908:
2904:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2809:
2807:
2805:
2801:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2777:
2775:
2772:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2764:West Dongting
2762:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2752:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2741:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2730:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2595:
2593:
2591:
2587:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2573:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2532:
2530:
2528:
2524:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2234:
2229:
2219:
2216:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2195:
2193:
2189:
2185:
2175:
2170:
2168:
2163:
2161:
2156:
2155:
2152:
2146:
2143:
2139:
2137:
2133:
2130:
2127:
2123:
2122:
2116:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2084:
2074:(2): 243–300.
2073:
2070:
2064:
2048:
2042:
2026:
2020:
2012:
2008:
2001:
1994:
1990:
1987:
1982:
1980:
1971:
1965:
1957:
1953:
1947:
1938:
1933:
1929:
1925:
1924:
1919:
1917:
1916:Camelus ferus
1908:
1906:
1904:
1888:
1884:
1880:
1876:
1869:
1853:
1847:
1831:
1827:
1820:
1804:
1797:
1789:
1782:
1774:
1767:
1752:
1748:
1741:
1739:
1737:
1720:
1714:
1706:
1702:
1696:
1680:
1674:
1658:
1652:
1644:
1640:
1636:
1629:
1620:
1612:
1605:
1603:
1594:
1590:
1586:
1582:
1578:
1574:
1570:
1566:
1559:
1557:
1555:
1546:
1544:9789047427971
1540:
1536:
1535:
1527:
1520:
1515:
1511:
1510:Yangguan Pass
1507:
1503:
1499:
1494:
1492:
1484:
1480:
1475:
1468:
1464:
1459:
1443:
1439:
1432:
1425:
1424:public domain
1406:
1402:
1396:
1388:
1384:
1377:
1369:
1368:
1359:
1351:
1350:
1345:
1337:
1330:
1329:public domain
1319:
1313:
1297:
1291:
1289:
1281:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1257:
1250:
1246:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1226:Ruoqiang Town
1224:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1212:
1211:Tarim mummies
1209:
1207:
1204:
1202:
1199:
1198:
1192:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1176:
1166:
1162:
1160:
1156:
1155:Tarim mummies
1150:
1140:
1137:
1136:Folke Bergman
1132:
1129:
1125:
1115:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1087:
1077:
1075:
1074:Indo European
1065:
1056:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1033:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1018:
1016:
1006:
1004:
1000:
996:
995:IUCN Red List
992:
988:
984:
980:
970:
967:
961:
959:
955:
951:
945:
943:
939:
933:
930:
929:hydrogen bomb
926:
923:, codenamed "
922:
918:
914:
904:
900:
895:
893:
889:
885:
881:
876:
868:
863:
858:
854:
844:
841:
812:
808:
803:
801:
796:
793:
788:
784:
779:
775:
770:
766:
763:
759:
755:
751:
747:
741:
739:
735:
731:
730:
725:
724:
719:
715:
711:
710:
704:
702:
698:
694:
690:
686:
682:
678:
674:
670:
666:
662:
658:
654:
650:
649:Tarim mummies
646:
642:
634:
630:
625:
616:
613:
609:
604:
602:
598:
594:
590:
586:
582:
578:
574:
570:
567:
563:
559:
555:
551:
547:
543:
539:
534:
532:
528:
524:
514:
508:
503:
498:
494:
490:
486:
482:
478:
474:
470:
466:
462:
459:
454:
438:
434:
430:
421:
409:
407:
403:
395:
393:
389:
381:
379:
375:
370:
366:
359:
357:
353:
348:
338:
336:
332:
327:
317:
312:
310:
306:
298:
296:
292:
284:
282:
278:
275:
271:
266:
262:
257:
252:
250:
246:
241:
236:
234:
230:
225:
215:
210:
208:
204:
196:
194:
190:
182:
180:
176:
173:
169:
164:
160:
155:
150:
148:
144:
139:
134:
132:
128:
123:
94:
79:
58:
48:
43:
36:
31:
27:
22:
19:
3105:
3061:Xinfengjiang
3031:Three Gorges
2923:Tangxun Lake
2918:East (Wuhan)
2703:Huguang Rock
2555:Tangra Yumco
2144:2010, 8:15.
2141:
2119:
2071:
2068:
2063:
2053:18 September
2051:. Retrieved
2041:
2031:18 September
2029:. Retrieved
2019:
2010:
2000:
1970:"Wild Camel"
1964:
1955:
1946:
1927:
1921:
1915:
1890:. Retrieved
1879:The Guardian
1878:
1868:
1856:. Retrieved
1846:
1834:. Retrieved
1830:the original
1819:
1807:. Retrieved
1796:
1781:
1772:
1766:
1754:. Retrieved
1750:
1725:18 September
1723:. Retrieved
1713:
1704:
1695:
1683:. Retrieved
1673:
1661:. Retrieved
1651:
1643:the original
1638:
1628:
1619:
1568:
1564:
1533:
1526:
1519:Yellow River
1513:
1501:
1474:
1458:
1446:. Retrieved
1442:the original
1431:
1409:. Retrieved
1405:the original
1395:
1386:
1376:
1365:
1358:
1347:
1336:
1312:
1300:. Retrieved
1277:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1259:
1255:
1249:
1185:Central Asia
1178:
1163:
1152:
1133:
1121:
1089:
1070:
1034:
1019:
1012:
976:
962:
950:drilling rig
946:
934:
919:. The first
912:
896:
872:
804:
797:
785:forests and
774:Taitema Lake
771:
767:
754:Qing dynasty
750:Taitema Lake
742:
734:Yellow River
727:
721:
707:
705:
669:Indus valley
638:
633:Taitema Lake
605:
597:salt marshes
535:
520:
512:Luóbùpō zhèn
510:
432:
428:
427:
406:Siril Yëziqi
378:Latin Yëziqi
287:Luóbù Nào'ěr
281:Hanyu Pinyin
179:Hanyu Pinyin
125:Chinese name
18:
3046:Danjiangkou
3041:Longyangxia
2822:Wudalianchi
2603:Wudalianchi
2550:Zhari Namco
2492:Tangjiashan
2337:Manasarovar
2312:Baiyangdian
2142:BMC Biology
1756:22 December
1639:China Daily
1206:Tarim Basin
1165:or bronze.
1108:Aurel Stein
1106:(266–420).
1104:Jin dynasty
1041:Tarim Basin
942:red tourism
938:subcritical
925:Project 596
867:Project 596
835: /
811:Yu Chunshun
800:Kara-Koshun
792:Lake Bosten
746:Kara-Koshun
693:Aurel Stein
629:Kara-Koshun
546:Tarim Basin
542:Shule River
538:Tarim River
473:Tarim Basin
392:Yengi Yeziⱪ
350:Uyghur name
3150:Categories
3023:Reservoirs
2993:Lotus Pond
2988:Qujiangchi
2238:freshwater
2102:Lop Desert
1858:27 October
1836:31 October
1809:27 October
1349:Sina Weibo
1242:References
1201:Lop Desert
1128:Bronze Age
1096:Sven Hedin
807:Peng Jiamu
762:Sven Hedin
689:Sven Hedin
677:Lop Desert
673:Marco Polo
601:salt crust
585:reservoirs
485:Taklamakan
456:, from an
295:Wade–Giles
193:Wade–Giles
3106:See also:
3101:Beidagang
3071:Changshou
3066:Liujiaxia
2948:Slim West
2938:Yuyuantan
2733:Protected
2638:Slim West
2392:Yangcheng
2342:Ulansuhai
2181:Lakes of
1887:0261-3077
1504:from the
1448:16 August
1159:Qäwrighul
1143:Qäwrighul
1100:Kharosthi
657:Silk Road
643:culture.
641:Tocharian
571:from the
566:meltwater
562:endorheic
469:salt lake
341:ᠯᠣᠪ ᠨᠠᠭᠤᠷ
199:Lo-pu P'o
3086:Guanting
3081:Jiangkou
3003:Yinglong
2847:Dongting
2837:Shengjin
2827:Yinglong
2812:Hengshui
2789:Nygoring
2744:Dongting
2736:wetlands
2663:Crescent
2648:Hongfeng
2643:Dongting
2452:Dongqian
2407:Yangzong
2402:Dianshan
2397:Chenghai
2382:Dongping
2257:Dongting
2236:Notable
2203:Dongting
2132:Archived
1989:Archived
1956:BBC News
1892:23 April
1685:3 August
1663:3 August
1534:Buddhism
1467:Dunhuang
1411:3 August
1302:3 August
1231:Charklik
1221:Aral Sea
1195:See also
1092:Shanshan
1076:origin.
701:Zunghars
661:Shanshan
573:Tianshan
550:Holocene
522:Luózhōng
461:Mongolic
453:Lob nuur
343:Лоб Нуур
185:Luóbù Pō
3036:Longtan
2958:Dianchi
2928:Kunming
2872:Qinghai
2857:Serling
2817:Xingkai
2794:Gyaring
2769:Xingkai
2718:Huating
2708:Bailong
2668:Qinghai
2653:Dianchi
2633:Jingyue
2628:Songhua
2570:Pangong
2565:Yamdrok
2560:Ulungur
2535:Qinghai
2472:Kunming
2467:Karakul
2412:Xingyun
2357:Junshan
2332:Dianchi
2327:Liangzi
2322:Longgan
2302:Gyaring
2297:Ngoring
2247:Xingkai
1573:Bibcode
1266:Lop Nor
993:on the
973:Ecology
917:Qinggir
880:Uyghurs
823:90°35′E
820:40°10′N
787:tamarix
619:History
569:runoffs
556:by the
552:due to
497:Chinese
465:toponym
433:Lop Nor
429:Lop Nur
363:
106:Lop Nur
70:Lop Nur
24:Lop Nur
3096:Yuqiao
3076:Yantan
3051:Supung
3008:Caiyun
2998:Baiyun
2983:Xuanwu
2963:Daming
2892:Hongze
2877:Caohai
2842:Poyang
2832:Caiyun
2749:Poyang
2723:Zhelin
2713:Sayram
2698:Feiyun
2693:Bosten
2598:Jingpo
2545:Siling
2540:Namtso
2502:Xuanwu
2497:Baiyun
2462:Baihua
2442:Daming
2437:Chagan
2427:Ayding
2422:Yilong
2362:Fuxian
2317:Honghu
2307:Sayram
2292:Gaoyou
2282:Bosten
2272:Hongze
2252:Poyang
2218:Hongze
2198:Poyang
1885:
1593:634326
1591:
1541:
1498:Hanshu
1343:三问哈罗铁路
1080:Loulan
1051:, and
944:site.
903:Soviet
783:poplar
723:Hanshu
714:saline
665:Faxian
653:Loulan
612:potash
589:dammed
587:which
577:Kunlun
509::
507:pinyin
499::
489:Kumtag
412:Лопнур
398:Lopnur
384:Lopnur
361:لوپنۇر
356:Uyghur
3091:Miyun
2978:South
2968:Yueya
2953:Taiye
2933:Jinji
2887:Kanas
2882:Hulun
2867:Gahai
2852:Erhai
2784:Lashi
2754:Hulun
2688:Qiong
2678:Fairy
2517:Dushu
2512:Kanas
2507:Yueya
2487:South
2447:Diexi
2377:Nanyi
2367:Shiju
2352:Erhai
2347:Luoma
2277:Nansi
2267:Hulun
2240:lakes
2183:China
1589:JSTOR
1506:Yumen
1483:Gushi
1479:Shiji
1298:. nti
1181:India
1169:Miran
913:Mǎlán
738:Jishi
720:. In
709:Shiji
525:) of
458:Oirat
437:Oirat
3013:Moon
2973:Ruyi
2897:Haba
2779:Napa
2774:Bita
2673:Chao
2580:Aibi
2482:Ruyi
2477:Lugu
2432:Buir
2417:Qilu
2372:Wabu
2287:Chao
2208:Chao
2055:2007
2033:2007
1928:2008
1894:2020
1883:ISSN
1860:2012
1838:2012
1811:2012
1758:2023
1727:2007
1687:2007
1665:2007
1539:ISBN
1508:and
1450:2007
1413:2007
1367:text
1304:2007
1189:Rome
1183:and
1122:The
1020:The
1015:Hami
855:and
798:The
691:and
595:and
540:and
502:罗布泊镇
493:town
487:and
444:ᠨᡇᡇᠷ
442:ᠯᠣ᠊ᠫ
256:罗布淖尔
240:羅布淖爾
2658:Jin
2608:Tai
2262:Tai
2213:Tai
1932:doi
1581:doi
1569:150
1278:lop
1274:nur
1270:Nor
1262:nor
736:at
431:or
309:IPA
207:IPA
154:罗布泊
138:羅布泊
3152::
2387:Ge
2118:.
2009:.
1978:^
1954:.
1930:.
1926:.
1920:.
1902:^
1881:.
1877:.
1749:.
1735:^
1703:.
1637:.
1601:^
1587:.
1579:.
1567:.
1553:^
1521:).
1514:li
1502:li
1490:^
1469:).
1385:,
1346:.
1287:^
1268:.
1191:.
1055:.
1047:,
1032:.
1005:.
960:.
911:,
908:马兰
894:.
729:li
687:,
683:,
663:.
575:,
533:.
519:;
517:罗中
505:;
479:,
447:,
439::
2173:e
2166:t
2159:v
2072:9
2057:.
2035:.
2013:.
1940:.
1934::
1918:"
1914:"
1896:.
1862:.
1840:.
1813:.
1760:.
1729:.
1689:.
1667:.
1595:.
1583::
1575::
1547:.
1452:.
1426:.
1415:.
1331:.
1306:.
495:(
435:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
