2102:
1548:
317:– Loose siliceous pebble soil that has good drainage but poor fertility. Vines planted in this type of soil must penetrate deeply to try to and find nutrients in the subsoil. Wine made from vines produces on clay gravel beds have less acidity than those planted on limestone gravel beds. The
44:
that sufficiently retains water but also has good drainage so that the roots do not become overly saturated. The ability of the soil to retain heat and/or reflect it back up to the vine is also an important consideration that affects the ripening of the grapes.
544:– Calcareous-clay-based soil that adds acidity to the wine. Vines planted in this type of soil normally ripen later than in other soil types. Marl soil is typically deep and lacking in stone fragments; it is the main soil type in the
608:
of quartz can reduce the acidity of the resulting wines, but its heat-retaining property (it stores and reflects heat) can increase ripening of the grape, which can result in wine of higher alcohol content.
303:, and other minerals. This soil warms quickly and retains heat well. The soil's high level of acidity works to minimize the acid levels in the grapes which works well with acidic grapes like
196:
content, which neutralizes the natural acidity of the soil. However, the cool temperatures of the soil normally delay ripening in the grape, which tends to produce more acidic wines.
926:
Bell, F. G. & Culshaw, M. G. (2001). 'Problem soils - a review from a
British perspective', in Jefferson, I., Murray, E. J., Faragher, E. and Fleming, P. R. (eds).
480:
638:
2028:
239:-based soil that has good water-retention ability but poor drainage. The soil is often very cool and high in acidity. The Right Bank of
1966:
229:
soft limestone soil that vine roots can easily penetrate. It provides good drainage and works best for grapes with high acidity levels.
982:
1706:
1259:
717:– Soil type consisting of fine grain deposits that offer good water retention but poor drainage. It is more fertile than sand.
1582:
691:
and other sedimentary soils to have any kind of water retention. The range of this soil can include organic materials like
2134:
965:
2124:
1632:
1243:
1686:
1612:
1248:
935:
882:
471:. The most common colored limestone found in wine-producing area is buff-gray in color (with the exception of white
48:
There are several minerals that are vital to the health of vines that all good vineyard soils have. These include
1253:
2129:
1264:
790:. The soil drains well and is relatively high in nutrients. Australian winemakers have found some success with
524:. It is typically too fertile for high-quality wines that need to limit yields in order to concentrate flavors.
2059:
1691:
2069:
745:
is subjected to pressure deep within the earth. The soil retains heat well and warms up relatively quickly.
538:
in the UK, the soil is very fertile and has good water retention and warming properties, but drains poorly.
2149:
683:
rock that is crystalline in nature. The soil has good heat retention but needs the added composition of
1838:
1269:
621:– Warm, airy soil that is composed of tiny particles of weathered rocks. One of the few soils that the
2033:
1931:
1843:
1761:
1575:
806:– A highly weathered, largely infertile, clay-based soil—usually brilliant red in colo—rfound in the
1961:
1941:
1279:
36:
and nutrients that the vine is exposed to. The ideal soil condition for a vine is a layer of thin
2043:
1896:
1637:
1617:
1274:
1237:
958:
450:
200:
2139:
2064:
1918:
1771:
1551:
787:
479:
and is generally planted with grapes of high acidity levels. This is the main soil type in the
604:– Common material found in most vineyard soils—especially sand and silt-based soils. The high
270:
is generally produced from flint-based soil and is said to have "gun-flint" smell in the wine.
97:
Unless otherwise noted the primary reference for this list is
Sotheby's Wine Encyclopedia 2005
2000:
1946:
1766:
704:
427:
is calcareous clay containing
Kimmeridgian limestone. This is the principal soil type of the
2144:
2105:
1568:
1405:
757:
432:
318:
188:. Soil typically cool in temperature and that provides good water retention and drainage.
8:
2018:
1995:
974:
420:
375:– A dense layer of clay or other material that is impermeable to water. In some areas of
185:
142:
that is high in calcium, iron, and magnesium. Variable potassium and little or no quartz.
1976:
1829:
1726:
1525:
1158:
951:
791:
625:
louse does not thrive in, the soil drains well but does not have good water retention.
595:
573:
253:
782:
and turn the soil a rustic red color. This soil type is found in some areas along the
1956:
1440:
931:
878:
436:
181:
778:
have been leached out of limestone. The breakdown leaves behind iron deposits which
475:). The water-retention abilities vary by composition, but limestone is consistently
1987:
1936:
1886:
1445:
800:– A highly friable calcareous bedrock that breaks down into a fine crumb structure.
630:
322:
236:
88:
which improves the vine metabolisms and increases its health for next year's crop.
825:) that has been ejected into the air and cooled before settling to the earth. 2.)
2079:
2038:
2023:
1814:
1804:
1510:
1495:
1355:
581:
531:
419:
Kimmeridgian soil – A gray-colored limestone-based soil originally identified in
358:
150:
263:
1981:
1873:
1799:
1667:
1485:
1430:
807:
676:
413:
61:
813:
Volcanic soil – Soil that is derived from one of two volcanic activities. 1.)
490:
appellation of Spain. The soil is a mix of slate and quartz that dates to the
2118:
1776:
1736:
1530:
1415:
783:
761:
545:
487:
177:
139:
741:
region. Slate is a metamorphic, plate-like rock formed when shale, clay, or
1951:
1863:
1853:
1781:
1701:
1627:
1607:
1515:
1460:
724:
428:
348:
267:
120:– Highly fertile soil that has been transported by a river. Often contains
108:
673:
when under pressure. The soil is moderately fertile and retains heat well.
1756:
1591:
1520:
1500:
1420:
1400:
1380:
1370:
1365:
833:
flows from the volcano. Ninety percent of lava-based soil is composed of
771:
648:
594:
soil type that is light, powdery and lustrous with properties similar to
565:
384:
362:
344:
69:
21:
2089:
1971:
1819:
1721:
1505:
1455:
1410:
1395:
1360:
1330:
1196:
1103:
1068:
1043:
842:
775:
738:
692:
622:
535:
468:
453:. It is a brown-colored carbonaceous soil that is intermediate between
296:
292:
204:
173:
160:
81:
32:
structure of the vine and influences the drainage levels and amount of
943:
1891:
1731:
1649:
1490:
1435:
1375:
1138:
1133:
1123:
1058:
1028:
1008:
742:
660:
656:
652:
569:
491:
464:
405:
383:
iron-rich layer is located deep enough below the surface to act as a
328:
193:
146:
85:
65:
911:
633:
composed of sand particles that has been pressured bound by various
2074:
1848:
1696:
1654:
1642:
1475:
1390:
1345:
1221:
1201:
1191:
1176:
1148:
1143:
1128:
1098:
1093:
1073:
1063:
1048:
1033:
1023:
1018:
1013:
850:
846:
838:
708:
591:
559:
503:
499:
476:
376:
366:
336:
332:
240:
154:
117:
77:
73:
1906:
1901:
1858:
1809:
1716:
1425:
1385:
1350:
1340:
1335:
1325:
1320:
1216:
1186:
1181:
1171:
1166:
1118:
1113:
1088:
1083:
1078:
1053:
1038:
1003:
998:
993:
803:
779:
765:
605:
587:
446:
442:
372:
340:
288:
278:
212:
53:
49:
41:
37:
33:
512:– Warm, soft, fertile soil composed of roughly equal amounts of
369:. It is a high absorbent soil that has average drainage ability.
1535:
1470:
1211:
1206:
1108:
834:
818:
774:– A sedimentary soil known as "Red Earth" that is formed after
753:
749:
728:
700:
644:
601:
409:
397:
354:
325:
regions of
Bordeaux consist predominantly of gravel-based soil.
314:
308:
274:
226:
135:
121:
1560:
1824:
1660:
1622:
1450:
734:
720:
696:
670:
666:
577:
534:
that is typically angular and decalcified. Commonly known as
527:
495:
472:
304:
282:
259:
222:
167:
112:
2084:
1926:
1881:
1480:
1315:
1310:
1305:
1300:
830:
822:
797:
723:– A flint- and sand-based soil type found primarily in the
714:
688:
684:
680:
634:
618:
555:
541:
521:
517:
513:
509:
458:
454:
401:
380:
300:
262:– Siliceous stone that reflects and retains heat well. The
232:
216:
208:
129:
125:
57:
29:
25:
552:
is the indurated (well cemented) metamorphic form of Marl.
1465:
562:-based soil composed of fine, decomposed rock formations.
727:
that is a formed from a mixture of clay, limestone and
651:-rock-based soil that retains heat well and is rich in
331:– Sedimentary soil formed by rivers depositing quartz,
669:– Fine-grain sediment-based soil that can turn into
530:– A very fine, predominantly silty soil composed of
307:. It is the main soil type of the Brand region of
203:of rotting vegetation. This type of soil includes
737:– Soil type that is the most common found in the
568:-Soil type consisting of various compositions of
149:soil that is easily compressed and common in the
2116:
869:
867:
637:-based minerals. This is the main soil type of
494:era. The soil is very porous and drains well.
199:Carbonaceous soil – Soil produced through the
24:considerations when planting grape vines. The
1576:
959:
2029:Effects of climate change on wine production
864:
768:sand to form a hard, dark slate-like stone.
1583:
1569:
966:
952:
748:Steige – A schist-based soil found in the
817:is formed from rock material (including
973:
906:
904:
902:
900:
898:
896:
894:
892:
890:
837:with the other ten percent composed of
84:which encourages root development, and
2117:
1260:Canadian system of soil classification
580:common in Alsace dating back from the
486:Llicorella – A soil type found in the
361:based soil that is formed through the
1564:
947:
659:but is poor in organic nutrients and
91:
887:
703:. This soil type covers half of the
467:– Sediment-based soil consisting of
291:– Composed of 40–60% quartz, 30–40%
76:which is assimilated in the form of
920:
256:– Calcium-magnesium carbonate soil.
68:which is an important component of
13:
1633:International Grape Genome Program
1244:Unified Soil Classification System
445:– Soil type used as fertilizer in
14:
2161:
1613:Annual growth cycle of grapevines
1249:AASHTO Soil Classification System
875:"The Sotheby's Wine Encyclopedia"
506:have done well in this soil type.
243:is dominated by clay-based soils.
2101:
2100:
1547:
1546:
1590:
912:"The World's Top 10 Wine Soils"
1265:Australian Soil Classification
1256:(French classification system)
877:pg 16 Dorling Kindersley 2005
699:, or inorganic materials like
339:. It is found in vineyards of
52:which helps to neutralize the
1:
2060:Glossary of viticulture terms
1692:Diurnal temperature variation
857:
20:is one of the most important
18:soil composition of vineyards
2070:Glossary of winemaking terms
760:of Kastelberg, the soil has
111:deposits. Found in southern
7:
1285:List of vineyard soil types
10:
2166:
2135:Soil science-related lists
1839:Integrated pest management
1270:Polish Soil Classification
400:– Soil type consisting of
2125:Agriculture-related lists
2098:
2052:
2034:Environmental stewardship
2009:
1915:
1872:
1790:
1747:
1677:
1598:
1544:
1294:Non-systematic soil types
1293:
1230:
1157:
981:
930:, 11–17, Thomas Telford.
1962:Great French Wine Blight
1280:List of U.S. state soils
277:based soil found in the
2044:Sustainable agriculture
1825:Frost damage prevention
1707:Regional climate levels
1275:1938 USDA soil taxonomy
1254:Référentiel pédologique
1238:FAO soil classification
295:and various amounts of
201:anaerobic decomposition
60:which is essential for
2065:Glossary of wine terms
612:
391:
247:
101:
2130:Science-related lists
107:Albariza – Formed by
1406:Calcareous grassland
983:World Reference Base
758:Alsace Grand Cru AOC
180:with high levels of
2019:Adaptive management
975:Soil classification
679:– Soil composed of
532:wind-borne sediment
421:Kimmeridge, England
186:magnesium carbonate
2150:Wine-related lists
1937:Botrytis bunch rot
1757:Grapevine planting
1687:Climate categories
1159:USDA soil taxonomy
985:for Soil Resources
829:is the product of
792:Cabernet Sauvignon
596:diatomaceous earth
92:List of soil terms
2112:
2111:
1957:Grapevine yellows
1558:
1557:
928:Problematic soils
548:region of Italy.
483:region of Alsace.
425:Kimmeridgian clay
145:Boulbènes – Fine
2157:
2104:
2103:
1988:Uncinula necator
1977:Pierce's disease
1585:
1578:
1571:
1562:
1561:
1550:
1549:
1446:Hydrophobic soil
968:
961:
954:
945:
944:
938:
924:
918:
908:
885:
871:
631:sedimentary soil
412:, dating to the
237:Sedimentary rock
192:soils have high
2165:
2164:
2160:
2159:
2158:
2156:
2155:
2154:
2115:
2114:
2113:
2108:
2094:
2080:Outline of wine
2048:
2039:Organic farming
2024:Biodynamic wine
2011:
2005:
1996:Red spider mite
1917:
1911:
1868:
1830:Green harvest (
1815:Erosion control
1792:
1786:
1767:Row orientation
1749:
1743:
1679:
1673:
1618:Grape varieties
1600:
1594:
1589:
1559:
1554:
1540:
1511:Subaqueous soil
1496:Serpentine soil
1356:Parent material
1289:
1226:
1153:
984:
977:
972:
942:
941:
925:
921:
909:
888:
872:
865:
860:
827:Lava-based soil
815:Vent-based soil
615:
582:Middle Triassic
394:
359:Calcium sulfate
250:
190:Calcareous clay
174:Calcareous soil
151:Entre-Deux-Mers
104:
94:
12:
11:
5:
2163:
2153:
2152:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2110:
2109:
2099:
2096:
2095:
2093:
2092:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2056:
2054:
2050:
2049:
2047:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2015:
2013:
2007:
2006:
2004:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1992:
1991:
1982:Powdery mildew
1979:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1923:
1921:
1913:
1912:
1910:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1884:
1878:
1876:
1870:
1869:
1867:
1866:
1861:
1856:
1851:
1846:
1841:
1836:
1832:Vendange verte
1827:
1822:
1817:
1812:
1807:
1802:
1796:
1794:
1788:
1787:
1785:
1784:
1779:
1774:
1772:Trellis design
1769:
1764:
1759:
1753:
1751:
1745:
1744:
1742:
1741:
1740:
1739:
1734:
1729:
1719:
1714:
1709:
1704:
1699:
1694:
1689:
1683:
1681:
1675:
1674:
1672:
1671:
1668:Vitis vinifera
1664:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1635:
1630:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1610:
1604:
1602:
1596:
1595:
1588:
1587:
1580:
1573:
1565:
1556:
1555:
1545:
1542:
1541:
1539:
1538:
1533:
1528:
1523:
1518:
1513:
1508:
1503:
1498:
1493:
1488:
1486:Prime farmland
1483:
1478:
1473:
1468:
1463:
1458:
1453:
1448:
1443:
1441:Fuller's earth
1438:
1433:
1431:Expansive clay
1428:
1423:
1418:
1413:
1408:
1403:
1398:
1393:
1388:
1383:
1378:
1373:
1368:
1363:
1358:
1353:
1348:
1343:
1338:
1333:
1328:
1323:
1318:
1313:
1308:
1303:
1297:
1295:
1291:
1290:
1288:
1287:
1282:
1277:
1272:
1267:
1262:
1257:
1251:
1246:
1241:
1234:
1232:
1228:
1227:
1225:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1209:
1204:
1199:
1194:
1189:
1184:
1179:
1174:
1169:
1163:
1161:
1155:
1154:
1152:
1151:
1146:
1141:
1136:
1131:
1126:
1121:
1116:
1111:
1106:
1101:
1096:
1091:
1086:
1081:
1076:
1071:
1066:
1061:
1056:
1051:
1046:
1041:
1036:
1031:
1026:
1021:
1016:
1011:
1006:
1001:
996:
990:
988:
979:
978:
971:
970:
963:
956:
948:
940:
939:
919:
886:
862:
861:
859:
856:
855:
854:
811:
808:American South
801:
795:
769:
746:
732:
718:
712:
677:Siliceous soil
674:
664:
642:
614:
611:
610:
609:
599:
585:
563:
553:
539:
525:
507:
484:
462:
440:
417:
414:Upper Triassic
393:
390:
389:
388:
370:
352:
326:
312:
286:
271:
257:
249:
246:
245:
244:
230:
220:
197:
171:
158:
143:
133:
115:
103:
100:
93:
90:
62:photosynthesis
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2162:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2140:Types of soil
2138:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2122:
2120:
2107:
2097:
2091:
2088:
2086:
2083:
2081:
2078:
2076:
2073:
2071:
2068:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2057:
2055:
2051:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2016:
2014:
2008:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1990:
1989:
1985:
1984:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1924:
1922:
1920:
1914:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1879:
1877:
1875:
1871:
1865:
1862:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1852:
1850:
1847:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1833:
1828:
1826:
1823:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1806:
1803:
1801:
1798:
1797:
1795:
1789:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1777:Vine training
1775:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1763:
1760:
1758:
1755:
1754:
1752:
1746:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1724:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1710:
1708:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1684:
1682:
1678:Environmental
1676:
1670:
1669:
1665:
1663:
1662:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1645:
1644:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1621:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1605:
1603:
1597:
1593:
1586:
1581:
1579:
1574:
1572:
1567:
1566:
1563:
1553:
1552:Types of soil
1543:
1537:
1534:
1532:
1531:Tropical peat
1529:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1487:
1484:
1482:
1479:
1477:
1474:
1472:
1469:
1467:
1464:
1462:
1459:
1457:
1454:
1452:
1449:
1447:
1444:
1442:
1439:
1437:
1434:
1432:
1429:
1427:
1424:
1422:
1419:
1417:
1416:Dry quicksand
1414:
1412:
1409:
1407:
1404:
1402:
1399:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1389:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1379:
1377:
1374:
1372:
1369:
1367:
1364:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1349:
1347:
1344:
1342:
1339:
1337:
1334:
1332:
1329:
1327:
1324:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1309:
1307:
1304:
1302:
1299:
1298:
1296:
1292:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1258:
1255:
1252:
1250:
1247:
1245:
1242:
1239:
1236:
1235:
1233:
1231:Other systems
1229:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1203:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1188:
1185:
1183:
1180:
1178:
1175:
1173:
1170:
1168:
1165:
1164:
1162:
1160:
1156:
1150:
1147:
1145:
1142:
1140:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1130:
1127:
1125:
1122:
1120:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1110:
1107:
1105:
1102:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1085:
1082:
1080:
1077:
1075:
1072:
1070:
1067:
1065:
1062:
1060:
1057:
1055:
1052:
1050:
1047:
1045:
1042:
1040:
1037:
1035:
1032:
1030:
1027:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1012:
1010:
1007:
1005:
1002:
1000:
997:
995:
992:
991:
989:
986:
980:
976:
969:
964:
962:
957:
955:
950:
949:
946:
937:
936:0-7277-3043-6
933:
929:
923:
916:
913:
907:
905:
903:
901:
899:
897:
895:
893:
891:
884:
883:0-7566-1324-8
880:
876:
873:T. Stevenson
870:
868:
863:
852:
848:
844:
840:
836:
832:
828:
824:
820:
816:
812:
809:
805:
802:
799:
796:
793:
789:
785:
784:Mediterranean
781:
777:
773:
770:
767:
763:
762:metamorphosed
759:
755:
751:
747:
744:
740:
736:
733:
730:
726:
722:
719:
716:
713:
710:
706:
702:
698:
694:
690:
686:
682:
678:
675:
672:
668:
665:
662:
658:
654:
650:
647:– Laminated,
646:
643:
640:
636:
632:
628:
624:
620:
617:
616:
607:
603:
600:
597:
593:
589:
586:
583:
579:
575:
571:
567:
564:
561:
557:
554:
551:
547:
546:Piedmont wine
543:
540:
537:
533:
529:
526:
523:
519:
515:
511:
508:
505:
501:
497:
493:
489:
485:
482:
478:
474:
470:
466:
463:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
441:
438:
434:
430:
426:
422:
418:
415:
411:
407:
403:
399:
396:
395:
387:for the vine.
386:
382:
378:
374:
371:
368:
364:
360:
356:
353:
350:
346:
342:
338:
334:
330:
327:
324:
320:
316:
313:
310:
306:
302:
298:
294:
290:
287:
284:
280:
276:
272:
269:
265:
261:
258:
255:
252:
251:
242:
238:
234:
231:
228:
224:
221:
218:
214:
210:
206:
202:
198:
195:
191:
187:
183:
179:
178:Alkaline soil
175:
172:
169:
166:
162:
159:
156:
152:
148:
144:
141:
140:Volcanic rock
137:
134:
131:
127:
123:
119:
116:
114:
110:
106:
105:
99:
98:
89:
87:
83:
79:
75:
71:
67:
63:
59:
55:
51:
46:
43:
39:
35:
31:
28:supports the
27:
23:
19:
1986:
1952:Downy mildew
1864:Weed control
1854:Millerandage
1831:
1711:
1702:Microclimate
1666:
1659:
1641:
1628:Hybrid grape
1608:Ampelography
1601:horticulture
1461:Martian soil
1284:
927:
922:
914:
910:E. S. Brown
874:
826:
814:
725:Loire Valley
705:wine regions
626:
549:
429:Loire Valley
424:
349:South Africa
268:Loire Valley
266:wine of the
264:Pouilly-Fumé
189:
164:
109:diatomaceous
96:
95:
47:
22:viticultural
17:
15:
2145:Viticulture
1762:Propagation
1599:Biology and
1592:Viticulture
1526:Terra rossa
1521:Terra preta
1501:Spodic soil
1421:Duplex soil
1401:Brown earth
1381:Alkali soil
1371:Rhizosphere
1366:Laimosphere
1240:(1974–1998)
1197:Inceptisols
1104:Plinthosols
1069:Kastanozems
772:Terra Rossa
649:crystalline
566:Muschelkalk
481:Zinnkoepflé
385:water table
363:evaporation
345:New Zealand
273:Galestro –
70:chlorophyll
2119:Categories
2090:Winemaking
2012:and issues
2010:Approaches
1972:Phylloxera
1942:Bot canker
1844:Irrigation
1820:Fertilizer
1793:management
1722:Topography
1712:Soil types
1506:Stagnogley
1456:Lunar soil
1411:Dark earth
1396:Brickearth
1361:Pedosphere
1331:Soil crust
1139:Technosols
1124:Solonchaks
1044:Ferralsols
1009:Anthrosols
915:Wine Geeks
858:References
843:pitchstone
794:plantings.
788:Coonawarra
776:carbonates
752:region of
693:Kieselguhr
641:in Alsace.
623:phylloxera
536:brickearth
469:carbonates
408:common in
297:hornblende
293:Orthoclase
281:region of
205:anthracite
161:Brickearth
153:region of
82:phosphates
2001:Vine moth
1967:Nematodes
1932:Black rot
1916:Pests and
1892:Noble rot
1887:Festivals
1732:elevation
1680:variation
1650:Rootstock
1491:Quicksand
1436:Fill dirt
1376:Bulk soil
1222:Vertisols
1212:Spodosols
1202:Mollisols
1192:Histosols
1177:Aridisols
1149:Vertisols
1144:Umbrisols
1134:Stagnosol
1099:Planosols
1094:Phaeozems
1074:Leptosols
1059:Gypsisols
1049:Fluvisols
1029:Chernozem
1024:Cambisols
1019:Calcisols
1014:Arenosols
756:. In the
743:siltstone
661:nitrogens
657:potassium
653:magnesium
627:Sandstone
570:sandstone
550:Marlstone
492:Paleozoic
465:Limestone
451:Champagne
433:Champagne
406:limestone
329:Greywacke
323:Sauternes
194:limestone
165:See under
147:siliceous
86:potassium
66:magnesium
2106:Category
2075:Oenology
2053:See also
1947:Dead arm
1919:diseases
1897:Ripeness
1849:Klopotec
1791:Vineyard
1750:planting
1748:Vineyard
1697:Drainage
1655:Vineyard
1643:Veraison
1638:Ripening
1476:Paleosol
1391:Blue goo
1346:Gypcrust
1217:Ultisols
1187:Gelisols
1182:Entisols
1172:Andisols
1167:Alfisols
1129:Solonetz
1119:Retisols
1114:Regosols
1089:Nitisols
1084:Luvisols
1079:Lixisols
1064:Histosol
1054:Gleysols
1039:Durisols
1034:Cryosols
1004:Andosols
994:Acrisols
917:7/5/2007
851:trachyte
847:rhyolite
839:andesite
709:Bordeaux
639:Kitterlé
592:volcanic
574:dolomite
572:, marl,
560:Silicate
504:Carignan
500:Grenache
477:alkaline
439:regions.
437:Burgundy
377:Bordeaux
367:seawater
337:feldspar
333:mudstone
254:Dolomite
241:Bordeaux
155:Bordeaux
118:Alluvium
78:nitrates
74:nitrogen
56:levels,
34:minerals
1907:Weather
1902:Vintage
1874:Harvest
1859:Pruning
1810:Coulure
1717:Terroir
1426:Eluvium
1386:Bay mud
1351:Caliche
1341:Hardpan
1336:Claypan
1326:Subsoil
1321:Topsoil
1207:Oxisols
1109:Podzols
999:Alisols
987:(1998–)
804:Ultisol
786:and in
780:oxidize
766:granite
606:soil pH
588:Perlite
584:period.
578:shingle
488:Priorat
447:Germany
443:Lignite
416:period.
373:Hardpan
341:Germany
289:Granite
279:Tuscany
225:– Very
213:lignite
182:calcium
54:soil pH
50:calcium
42:subsoil
38:topsoil
1800:Canopy
1727:aspect
1623:Grapes
1536:Yedoma
1471:Muskeg
934:
881:
849:, and
835:basalt
819:pumice
754:Alsace
750:Andlau
729:silica
701:quartz
645:Schist
602:Quartz
576:, and
410:Alsace
398:Keuper
355:Gypsum
319:Graves
315:Gravel
309:Alsace
275:Schist
227:porous
136:Basalt
122:gravel
1927:Birds
1782:Yield
1737:slope
1661:Vitis
1516:Takir
1451:Loess
764:with
739:Mosel
735:Slate
721:Silex
697:flint
671:slate
667:Shale
629:is a
528:Loess
496:Syrah
473:chalk
381:sandy
305:Gamay
283:Italy
260:Flint
223:Chalk
168:Loess
113:Spain
2085:Wine
1882:Brix
1805:Clos
1481:Peat
1316:Loam
1311:Clay
1306:Silt
1301:Sand
932:ISBN
879:ISBN
831:lava
823:tuff
821:and
798:Tufa
715:Silt
695:and
689:clay
685:silt
681:acid
655:and
635:iron
619:Sand
590:– A
556:Mica
542:Marl
522:clay
520:and
518:sand
514:silt
510:Loam
502:and
459:coal
457:and
455:peat
449:and
435:and
404:and
402:marl
379:, a
347:and
335:and
321:and
301:mica
233:Clay
217:peat
215:and
209:coal
184:and
130:silt
128:and
126:sand
58:iron
40:and
30:root
26:soil
16:The
1466:Mud
707:of
613:S–Z
392:I–Q
365:of
248:D–H
102:A–C
2121::
889:^
866:^
845:,
841:,
687:,
558:–
516:,
498:,
431:,
423:.
357:–
343:,
299:,
235:–
211:,
207:,
176:–
163:–
138:–
124:,
80:,
72:,
64:,
1834:)
1646:)
1640:(
1584:e
1577:t
1570:v
967:e
960:t
953:v
853:.
810:.
731:.
711:.
663:.
598:.
461:.
351:.
311:.
285:.
219:.
170:.
157:.
132:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.