276:. The passages in the Gemara containing additional Mishna are, however, given in New Hebrew. Only thirty-nine tractates of the Mishna have Gemara. The Talmud, then, consists of the Mishna (traditions from 450 BC till 200 AD), together with a commentary thereon, Gemara, the latter being composed about 200-500 AD. Next to the Bible the Babylonian Talmud is the great religious book of orthodox Jews, though the Palestinian Talmud is more highly prized by modern scholars. From the year 500 till the Middle Ages the rabbis (geonim) in Babylonia and elsewhere were engaged in commenting on the Talmud and reconciling it with the Bible. A list of such commentaries is given in
2160:, An Exposition of the Old and New Testaments(1708-1710), 5 volumes, Folio (modern editions derive from early 19th century editions); Mayer; Samuel Clark, The Old and New Testaments, with Annotations and Parallel Scriptures (1690) and Survey of the Bible; or, An Analytical Account of the Holy Scriptures... (1693); William Lowth, Commentary on the Prophets (1714-1725); William Dodd, Commentary on the Books of the Old and New Testaments (1770), 3 volumes Folio;
3406:
1301:, a Spanish Jesuit, born 1584, wrote commentaries on Isaias, Baruch, Ezechiel, Daniel, Psalms, Proverbs, Canticles (Song of Solomon), and Ecclesiastes. His best work, however, is his Latin commentary on the Four Gospels, which is generally acknowledged to be one of the best ever written. When Maldonato was teaching at the University of Paris the hall was filled with eager students before the lecture began, and he had frequently to speak in the open air.
3442:
3146:
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2806:(1808–74) applied this mythical explanation to the Gospels. He showed most clearly, that if with Paulus the Gospels are allowed to be authentic, the attempt to explain the miracles naturally breaks down completely. Strauss rejected the authenticity and regarded the miraculous accounts in the Gospels as naive legends, the productions of the pious imaginations of the early generations of Christians.
3036:
2800:(1780–1849), a pupil of Paulus. In his "Introduction to the Old Testament" (1806) he maintained that the miraculous narratives of the Old Testament were popular legends, which in the course of centuries, became transformed and transfused with the marvellous and the supernatural, and were finally committed to writing in perfectly good faith.
188:, which, according to the uncritical view of many Jews, began with Moses. This Oral Law consists of legal and liturgical interpretations and applications of the Pentateuch. As no part of it was written down, it was preserved by constant repetition (Mishna). Upon the destruction of Jerusalem, several rabbis, learned in this Law, settled at
2796:(1761–1850), following the lead of Eichhorn, applied to the Gospels the naturalistic method of explaining miracles. G. L Bauer, Heyne (died 1812), and Creuzer denied the authenticity of the greater portion of the Pentateuch and compared it to the mythology of the Greeks and Romans. The greatest advocate of such views was
2017:, representing 94% of Greek manuscripts. It offers commentary and other material to show the Eastern Orthodox Christian understanding of Scripture often in opposite to catholic and Protestant ideas. Additionally the OSB provides basic daily prayers, a lectionary for personal use, and reproductions of icons in its pages.
391:(died 942), the most powerful writer against the Karaites, translated the Bible into Arabic and added notes. Besides commentaries on the Bible, Saadiah wrote a systematic treatise bringing revealed religion into harmony with Greek philosophy. He thus became the forerunner of Maimonides and the Catholic Schoolmen.
1295:'s commentary on the whole Bible. Cornelius a Lapide, S. J. (born 1566), was a native of the Low Countries, and was well versed in Greek and Hebrew. During forty years he devoted himself to teaching and to the composition of his great work, which has been highly praised by Protestants as well as Catholics.
462:
There were the two
Kimchis, especially David (died 1235) of Narbonne, who was a celebrated grammarian, lexicographer, and commentator inclined to the literal sense. He was followed by Nachmanides of Catalonia (died 1270), a doctor of medicine who wrote commentaries of a cabbalistic tendency; Immanuel
236:
and consists of six great divisions or orders, each division containing, on an average, about ten tractates, each tractate being made up of several chapters. The Mishna may be said to be a compilation of Jewish traditional moral theology, liturgy, law, etc. There were other traditions not embodied in
1746:
For a list of
Catholic publications on the Scripture, the reader may be referred to the "Revue biblique", edited by Lagrange (Jerusalem and Paris), and the "Biblische Zeitschrift', published by Herder (Freiburg im Breisgau). For further information concerning the principal Catholic commentators see
804:
The great representatives of this school were
Diodorus, Theodore of Mopsuestia, and St. John Chrysostom. Diodorus, who died Bishop of Tarsus (394), followed the literal to the exclusion of the mystical or allegorical sense. Theodore was born at Antioch, in 347, became Bishop of Mopsuestia, and died
2968:
Holtzmann, while practically admitting the authenticity of the
Gospels, especially of St. Mark, explains away the miracles. He believes that miracles do not happen, and that the scripture are merely echoes of Old Testament miracle stories. Holtzmann was severely taken to task by several writers in
76:
He did not make the distinction between natural and revealed religion. For example, Pagan systems may have natural religion highly developed, but, from a Judeo-Christian point of view, with much concomitant error. His exegesis served to tide over the difficulty for the time amongst the
Hellenistic
1270:
The influx of Greek scholars into Italy after the fall of
Constantinople, the Christian and anti-Christian Renaissance, the invention of printing, the controversial excitement caused by the rise of Protestantism, and the publication of polyglot Bibles by Cardinal Ximenes and others, gave renewed
2168:(ca. 1791), 2 volumes; ; The Holy Bible, containing the Old and New Testaments, according to the Authorized Version, with short Notes by several learned and pious Reformers, as printed by Royal Authority at the time of the Reformation, with additional Notes and Dissertations, London, 1810.
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he wrote scholia, homilies, and commentaries on the Old and the New
Testament. In his scholia he gave short explanations of difficult passages after the manner of his contemporaries, the annotators of the Greek classics. Most of the scholia, in which he chiefly sought the literal sense, are
35:, which are not regarded as Bible commentaries in the modern sense of the word, but which provide the foundation for later commentary. With the exception of these classical Jewish works, this article focuses on Christian Biblical commentaries; for more on Jewish Biblical commentaries, see
1274:
It was then that the
Jesuits, founded in 1534, stepped into the front rank to counter the attacks on the Catholic Church. The Ratio Studiorum of the Jesuits made it incumbent on their professors of Scripture to acquire a mastery of Greek, Hebrew, and other Semitic languages.
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originated a theory which was for a time in great vogue, but which was afterwards abandoned by the majority of critics. He held that the New
Testament contains the writings of two antagonistic parties amongst the Apostles and early Christians. His principal followers were
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notes that this is an accurate translation of the Koine (Received or
Ecclesiastical) Text, instead of the modern "reasoned eclectic" Alexandrian text base in Nestle-Aland/UBS (based on three ancient manuscripts representative of a small part of Christian tradition,
2790:, in his "Introduction to the Old Testament" (Leipzig 1780–83, 3 vols.), maintained that the Scriptures were genuine productions, but that, as the Jews saw the intervention of God in the most ordinary natural occurrences, the miracles should be explained naturally.
1271:
interest in the study of the Bible among Catholic scholars. Controversy showed them the necessity of devoting more attention to the literal meaning of the text, according to the wise principle laid down by St. Thomas in the beginning of his "Summa Theologica".
598:
may be roughly divided into three periods: the Age of the Fathers, the Age of Catenæ and Scholia (seventh to sixteenth century), and the Age of Modern Commentaries (sixteenth to twentieth century). The earliest known commentary on Christian scriptures was by a
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and other Fathers. In his other works Origen pushed the allegorical interpretation to the utmost extreme. In spite of this, however, his writings were of great value, and with the exception of St. Augustine, no writer of ancient times had such influence.
925:
Jerome, besides his translations of Scripture and other works, left many commentaries, in some of which he departed from the literal meaning of the text. At times he did not always indicate when he was quoting from different authors, which according to
1032:" on the entire Bible. It is a brief explanation of the literal and mystical sense, based on Rabanus Maurus and other Latin writers, and was one of the most popular works during the Middle Ages, being as well known as "The Sentences" of Peter Lombard.
212:. The rabbis comforted their countrymen by teaching that the study of the Law (Oral as well as Written) took the place of the sacrifices. They devoted their energies to arranging the Unwritten Torah, or Law. One of the most successful at this was
1022:(seventh to eighth century), a good Greek and Hebrew scholar, wrote a useful commentary on most of the books of the Old and the New Testament. It is in reality a catena of passages from Greek and Latin Fathers judiciously selected and digested.
490:, 1508) was a statesman and scholar. None of his predecessors came so near the modern ideal of a commentator as he did. He prefixed general introductions to each book, and was the first Jew to make extensive use of Christian commentaries.
1994:, etc.). At the present time, is the only full Russian Orthodox Bible commentary on both canonical and deuterocanonical books of the Scripture. The Lopukhin Bible was republished in 1987 by Biblical Societies of Northern Europe countries.
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The medieval writers were content to draw from the rich treasures left them by their predecessors. Their commentaries consisted, for the most part, of passages from the Church Fathers, which they connected together as in a chain, a
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in the communion of the Church, 429. He was a powerful thinker, but an obscure and prolix writer. He felt intense dislike for the mystical sense, and explained the Scriptures in an extremely literal and almost rationalistic manner.
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There were many commentaries published at Cambridge, Oxford, London, etc. (see publishers' catalogues, and notices in "Expositor", "Expository Times", and "Journal of Theological Studies"). Other notable writers include:
611:. Most of the patristic commentaries are in the form of homilies, or discourses to the faithful, and range over the whole of Scripture. There are two schools of interpretation, that of Alexandria and that of Antioch.
136:, the people had lost the knowledge of Hebrew. It is doubtful whether any of them were committed to writing before the Christian Era. They are important as indicating the character of the Hebrew text used.
735:
The writers of the Antiochene School disliked the allegorical method, and sought almost exclusively the literal, primary, or historical sense of Holy Scripture. The principal writers of this school were
2476:
455:(died 1204), the greatest Jewish scholar of the Middle Ages, of whom his coreligionists said that "from Moses to Moses there was none like Moses", wrote his "Guide to the Perplexed", which was read by
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on the entire Bible, and set forth the literal meaning with great ability, especially of the books written in Hebrew. This work was most popular, and in frequent use during the late Middle Ages, and
232:"The Prince" (150–210). He was of noble birth, wealthy, learned, and is called by the Jews "Our Master the Saint" or simply Rabbi par excellence. This compilation, called the Mishna, is written in
703:" on account of his incessant application to study, writing, lecturing, and works of piety. He frequently kept seven amanuenses actively employed; it was said he became the author of 6000 works (
1986:
and successors (1904-1913) is written by professors of Russian theological seminaries and academies. It's based on Russian Synodal Translation, its authors apply to ancient sources of the text (
2809:
The views of Strauss were severely criticized by the Catholics, Kuhn, Mack, Hug, and Sepp, and by the Protestants Neander, Tholuck, Ullman, Lange, Ewald, Riggenbach, Weiss, and Keim.
2786:). Lessing pretended that the author was unknown. According to the "Fragments", Moses, Christ, and the Apostles were impostors. Lessing was vigorously attacked, especially by Goeze.
835:
in 398. He left homilies on most of the books of the Old and the New Testament. When St. Thomas Aquinas was asked by one of his brethren whether he would not like to be the owner of
2470:
1512:, Benedictine, who wrote a valuable dictionary of the Bible, of which there is an English translation, and a highly esteemed commentary on all the books of Scripture (died 1757)
711:, who reduced the number to 2000 (Contra. Rufin., ii, 22), he left more writings than any man could read in a lifetime (Ep. xxxiii, ad Paulam). Besides his great labours on the
124:, according to Abrahams) were the only approach to anything like a commentary on the Bible before the time of Christ. They were interpretative translations or paraphrases from
575:
1315:
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Besides the major writers already mentioned the following are some of the principal exegetes, many of them Benedictines, from patristic times till the Council of Trent:
1015:
The principal Latin commentators of this period were the Venerable Bede, Walafrid Strabo, Anselm of Laon, Hugh of Saint-Cher, St. Thomas Aquinas, and Nicholas de Lyra.
352:(a word indicating their preference for the written Bible). This schism produced great energy and ability on both sides. The principal Karaite Bible commentators were
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3156:
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256:. The word Talmud means teaching, doctrine. Each Talmud consists of two parts, the Mishna (in Hebrew), in sixty-three tractates, and an explanation of the same (
1054:, composed a short commentary on the whole of the Scriptures, explaining the literal, allegorical, analogical, and moral sense of the text. His work was called
1650:
1040:
2846:
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and regarded Theodore as their great "Doctor". This made Catholics suspicious of his writings, which were finally condemned after the famous controversy on
184:) of teachers. These pairs were the successors of the early scribes who lived after the Exile. These teachers are said to have handed down and expanded the
1720:
1375:
1369:
508:, translated the Pentateuch into German. His commentaries (in Hebrew) are close, learned, critical, and acute. He had much influence, and was followed by
2359:
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1363:
1308:(born at Gorcum, Holland, 1542), a secular priest, and superior of the college at Douai. These two works are still of the greatest help to the student.
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2678:(died 1776), who, while admitting the existence of God, rejected the supernatural, and made attacks on different parts of the Old and the New Testament
1724:
1485:
2452:. Many of these works, especially the later ones, are valuable for their scientific method, though not of equal value for their views or conclusions.
1655:
307:). These latter, although chronologically later, are important for the corroborative light which they throw on the language of the New Testament. The
2503:
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1736:
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1551:
468:
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1080:. He throws much light on the literal sense and is most happy in illustrating difficult points by parallel passages from other parts of the Bible.
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the "International Critical Commentary". The activity of so many acute minds has thrown great light on the language and literature of the Bible.
2156:, Annotations (1700), 2 volumes Folio (Genesis-Isaiah 58 written by Poole; Isaiah 59–Revelations by friends), the basis of subsequent reprints);
1645:
1630:
1491:
348:, a prominent Babylonian Jew in the eighth century, rejected Rabbinism for the written Old Testament and became the founder of the sect known a
23:. Discussed are the salient points of Jewish, patristic, medieval, and modern commentaries on the Bible. The article includes discussion of the
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Other writers combined both these systems, some leaning more to the allegorical and some to the literal sense. The principal contributors were
790:
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The discussions of later generations of rabbis all centred round the text of the Mishna. Interpreters or "speakers" laboured upon it both in
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which decreed, in 1311, that chairs of Hebrew, Chaldean, and Arabic should be established at Paris, Oxford, Bologna, and Salamanca.
459:. He was a great admirer of Aristotle, who was to him the representative of natural knowledge as the Bible was of the supernatural.
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2465:
2459:
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Catholics have also published scientific books. There is the great Latin "Cursus" on the whole of the Bible by the Jesuit Fathers,
224:, and lost his life (135). The work of systematization was completed and probably committed to writing by the Jewish patriarch at
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1941:
1818:
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and wrote learned commentaries on the Old Testament. He was the first to maintain that Isaiah contains the work of two prophets.
66:
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and with the proceeds promote the good works of his order, he answered that he would prefer to be the possessor of Chrysostom's
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has presented a unified reference tool to access many commentaries from different traditions in their World Wide Study Bible.
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With all the commentaries now available, several resources review and recommend commentaries, including Tyndale Seminary's
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695:, himself a saint and martyr. Origen became the master of many great saints and scholars, one of the most celebrated being
1072:(thirteenth century) left commentaries on Job, Psalms, Isaiah, Epistles of St. Paul, and was the author of the well-known
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in 1291 and brought to the service of the Church knowledge of Hebrew and rabbinical learning. He wrote short notes or
3385:
2983:
2797:
2482:
1283:, and the pope's theologian at the Council of Trent, was a distinguished Hebrew scholar and voluminous commentator.
120:. The Targums (the most famous of which is that on the Pentateuch erroneously attributed to Onkelos, a misnomer for
3015:
326:
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were not intended to be taken literally. In fact, he said that they were literally false, but allegorically true.
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Great as was the merit of the work of Maldonato, it was equalled by the commentary on the Epistles by
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1291:, giving an exposition of the Hebrew, Septuagint, and Vulgate texts. It was published as part of
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2306:, together with Schroeder, Fay, Cassel, Bacher, Zoeckler, Moll, etc. (Old and N. Test., 1864–78)
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1287:, one of the first Christians to write a Hebrew grammar, composed a valuable commentary on the
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Commentary & Reference Survey: A Comprehensive Guide to Biblical and Theological Resources
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260:), ten or twelve times as long. The explanatory portion of the Jerusalem Talmud is written in
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During the nineteenth century the following were a few of the Catholic writers on the Bible:
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unfortunately lost, but it is supposed that their substance is embodied in the writings of
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192:, near the sea, 28 miles (45 km) west of Jerusalem. Jamnia became the headquarters of
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828:, in Syriac, was published, with a Latin translation, by a Catholic scholar, Dr. Chabot.
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397:, called Rashi (born 1040), wrote very popular explanations of the Talmud and the Bible.
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he would have explained his own Epistles in the identical words of St. John Chrysostom.
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and their followers wrote on Holy Scripture during the 16th, 17th, and 18th centuries.
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1928:(2018) edited by Joel Enrique Aguilar Chiu, Richard J. Clifford, SJ, Carol J. Dempsey,
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Besides the writers already mentioned, the following wrote in a rationalistic spirit:
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The great representative of this school was Origen (died 254). Origen was the son of
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The Life of Jesus Critically Examined (translated into English by Marian Evans 1860
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Trochon (Introductions and Comm. on Old and New Test., "La Sainte Bible", 27 vols.)
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1044:, so called because the explanation was inserted between the lines of the Vulgate.
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Many public domain commentaries are now available to view or download through the
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A Guide to Biblical Commentaries & Reference Works: for students and pastors
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The opinions of the English rationalists were disseminated on the Continent by
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544:", or expositors. The modern liberal school among the Jews is represented by
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The Oxford Bible Commentary, edited by John Barton and John Muddiman (2001)
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Hillel and Shammai were the last "pair" of several generations of "pairs" (
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is curating a list of free commentaries from these and other sources. The
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Cup of Salvation: A Powerful Journey Through King David's Psalms of Praise
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Many other Jesuits were the authors of valuable exegetical works, e.g.:
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295:, or commentaries on the Bible. Some of these were legalistic, like the
100:, at twelve years of age, there may have been present among the doctors
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Popular Commentary of the Bible (Paul E. Kretzmann) (4 Vols. 1921–1924)
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in its Old Testament part and its New Testament part it represents the
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110], "The Lord said to my Lord", etc. are in one place applied to the
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and others. In Germany the ground was prepared by the philosophy of
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is seen to be steeped in early Jewish phraseology, and the words of
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sections of the Talmud, but the most important were of an edifying,
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Simultaneously with the Mishna and Talmud there grew up a number of
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3149: This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
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2849:, some of whom, however, emancipated themselves from their master.
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2267:(Greek Testament, with critical and exegetical commentary, 1856)
1050:(Hugo de Sancto Caro), thirteenth century), besides his pioneer
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or otherwise free-use Bible commentaries have become available
2547:
A Commentary on the Holy Bible, edited by J. R. Dummelow (1909)
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96:, says that it has been suggested that when Christ visited the
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Its chief characteristic was the allegorical method. The 1913
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Interpretation: A Bible Commentary for Teaching and Preaching
1950:(2019), edited by Peter S. Williamson and Mary Healey of the
1076:
on the Gospels. This consists of quotations from over eighty
768:
566:(born 1970) is a biblical scholar and commentator. His book,
529:
376:, the greatest Karaite commentator of the tenth century; and
330:
181:
158:
139:
58:
3169:
831:
St. John Chrysostom, priest of Antioch, became Patriarch of
3380:. Grand Rapids, Mich.: Kregel Academic & Professional.
2568:
The Interpreter's One-Volume Commentary on the Bible (1971)
2010:
1958:
The Jerome Biblical Commentary for the Twenty-First Century
1638:(his commentary on the New Testament styled "excellent" by
1066:), because the explanation followed the words of the text.
237:
the work of Rabbi, and these are called additional Mishna.
2001:
is an English-language translation and annotation of the
851:
said of him that if the Apostle St. Paul could have used
576:
Center for Jewish–Christian Understanding and Cooperation
2585:
Commentary on the New Testament Use of the Old Testament
578:(CJCUC) in 2017, is a devotional biblical commentary on
1101:
A great impulse was given to exegetical studies by the
1028:(ninth century), a Benedictine, was credited with the "
812:, became the subject of the Nestorian controversy; the
3272:
3257:
Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible
3394:
2252:(Parables, Sermon on the Mount, Miracles, N. T. Syn.)
1405:(died 1598), the editor of the Antwerp Polyglot Bible
1010:
65:, and for this purpose he made extensive use of the
957:(sixth century), one of the first to write a catena
3065:. Ekzeget.ru - Commentaries on the Holy Scripture.
2972:
1214:, who wrote a commentary on the whole of the Bible
1038:, professor at Paris (twelfth century), wrote the
248:(until 500), and the results are comprised in the
3259:by Robert Jamieson, A.R. Fausset, and David Brown
2504:New International Commentary on the New Testament
2498:New International Commentary on the Old Testament
672:, who, in a moderate degree, adopted their system
368:(died 950), Hebrew grammarian and lexicographer;
3454:
3092:
2444:There are also the Bible dictionaries of Kitto,
360:(ninth century), exegete and Hebrew grammarian;
161:and author of a comprehensive commentary on the
2225:Kuinoel (Philological Comm. on New Test., 1828)
2222:Bloomfield (Greek Test., with Eng. notes, 1832)
1976:
1265:
3279:Robertson's Word Pictures of the New Testament
3186:. Here is a list of some of the commentaries:
2630:Anthony Ashley-Cooper, 3rd Earl of Shaftesbury
680:considers it to be founded on passages in the
445:of Toledo (died 1168) had a good knowledge of
132:for the use of the synagogues when, after the
61:tried to reconcile the Jewish Scriptures with
3131:
2599:
1940:, Thomas D. Stegman, SJ, Ronald D. Witherup,
264:and that of the Babylonian Talmud in Eastern
2510:New International Greek Testament Commentary
216:who took part in the Third Jewish Revolt of
3121:Kretzmann's Popular Commentary of the Bible
1785:A New Catholic Commentary on Holy Scripture
990:, Archbishop in Bulgaria (eleventh century)
142:(1040–1105), more commonly known as Rashi (
16:Literary work which comments on Bible texts
3154:
3040:
2582:A notable recent specialist commentary is
2021:
1157:, a distinguished Greek and Hebrew scholar
3170:External public domain Bible commentaries
2031:The commentaries of the first Reformers,
1880:Revised Standard Version Catholic Edition
930:accounts for his apparent discrepancies.
589:
81:and other Alexandrian Christian writers.
3097:. Orthodox Christian Information Center.
2460:Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges
2166:Explanatory Notes Upon the New Testament
933:
839:, so that he could dispose of it to the
3095:"Book Review: The Orthodox Study Bible"
2542:Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary
2279:(The Greek Testament, with notes, 1877)
1948:Catholic Commentary on Sacred Scripture
1867:
1767:A Catholic Commentary on Holy Scripture
1163:, founder of the Carthusians (eleventh)
498:(died 1577) have also to be mentioned.
340:
104:, once thought to be the author of the
3455:
3125:
2477:Expositor's Bible Commentary (revised)
1777:, Ralph Russell, foreword by Cardinal
1240:
999:writers of anonymous catenæ edited by
858:
463:of Rome (born 1270); and the Karaites
329:(referenced from Psalm 110:1), though
69:. He taught that many passages of the
42:
3375:
3352:
2732:George Lyttelton, 1st Baron Lyttelton
2571:Harper's Bible Commentary, edited by
1564:
614:
175:
3165:. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
3051:. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
2682:They were opposed by these writers:
2491:New Century Bible Commentaries, now
1914:Ignatius Catholic Study Bible Series
1750:
724:
67:allegorical method of interpretation
3318:Christian Classics Ethereal Library
3251:The Popular Commentary of the Bible
2557:(1919). Revised edition, edited by
1763:, following the Douay-Rheims Bible.
1757:Haydock's Catholic Bible Commentary
504:of Berlin (died 1786), a friend of
13:
3346:
3155:Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "
2531:Tyndale New Testament Commentaries
2525:Tyndale Old Testament Commentaries
2394:Marcus Dods (theologian born 1834)
2273:(1870), Ebrard Hengstenberg (1869)
1964:, Gina Hens-Piazza, Barbara Reid,
1857:The International Bible Commentary
1226:(fifteenth to sixteenth centuries)
1220:(fifteenth to sixteenth centuries)
948:
608:
14:
3489:
3041:Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913).
2984:International Critical Commentary
2770:and the writings of his disciple
2483:International Critical Commentary
1906:(2015), edited by Daniel Durken,
1904:New Collegeville Bible Commentary
1793:(1989) edited by Dianne Bergant,
1279:, one of the first companions of
1086:(thirteenth century), joined the
1011:Latin Catenists, Scholiasts, etc.
77:Jews, and had great influence on
3440:
3428:
3416:
3404:
3144:
3034:
3016:Jewish commentaries on the Bible
707:, Hær., lxiv, 63); according to
49:Jewish commentaries on the Bible
37:Jewish commentaries on the Bible
3075:The Comprehensive New Testament
3063:"Толковая Библия А.П. Лопухина"
2973:Modern non aligned commentaries
2551:Peake's Commentary on the Bible
2516:Pillar New Testament Commentary
2172:During the nineteenth century:
1952:Pontifical Gregorian University
1926:The Paulist Biblical Commentary
1787:(1969) Thomas Nelson Publishers
582:113-118 otherwise known as the
3298:EasyEnglish Bible Commentaries
3114:
3101:
3069:
3055:
3028:
2812:The German Protestant scholar
1838:New Jerome Biblical Commentary
1743:(Les Douze Petits Prophètes).
1611:Daniel Bonifacius von Haneberg
383:
200:. Then schools were opened at
1:
3021:
2784:The Fragments of Wolfenbüttel
2774:. The posthumous writings of
2604:The English deists included:
2373:Expositions of Holy Scripture
2026:
1791:Collegeville Bible Commentary
1398:The Jesuits were rivalled by
781:, and his three great pupils
574:, which was published by the
268:, which is closely allied to
108:, and the venerable teachers
21:commentaries and commentators
3109:New Century Bible Commentary
2471:Expositor's Bible Commentary
1977:Modern Orthodox commentaries
1853:(primarily Catholic authors)
1833:(primarily Catholic authors)
1575:John Martin Augustine Scholz
1266:Modern Catholic commentaries
1204:of Avila (fifteenth century)
972:Olympiodorus (tenth century)
286:
194:Jewish learning until AD 135
7:
3043:"Commentaries on the Bible"
2989:
2466:Concordia Commentary series
2455:Prominent series include:
1882:text by the faculty of the
1781:, Archbishop of Westminster
824:. Theodore's commentary on
10:
3494:
3329:New Testament Reading Room
3325:Old Testament Reading Room
3197:Notes on the New Testament
3111:, accessed 8 February 2021
2600:Rationalistic commentaries
2283:Johann Friedrich Karl Keil
1878:(2004), commentary to the
1810:Jerome Biblical Commentary
816:translated his books into
728:
84:
46:
3157:Commentaries on the Bible
3107:Best Bible Commentaries,
2537:One-volume Commentaries:
1982:The Explanatory Bible of
1354:"the Apostle of Portugal"
1316:Francis Ribera of Castile
1218:Jacobus Faber Stapulensis
1198:(fourteenth to fifteenth)
982:Nicetas of Constantinople
619:The chief writers of the
474:
3293:Bible Commentary Forever
2609:Lord Herbert of Cherbury
1212:Dionysius the Carthusian
1119:Saint Isidore of Seville
883:St. Gregory of Nazianzus
697:St. Gregory Thaumaturgus
116:, the handers-on of the
53:
3269:Commentary on Galatians
3224:Exposition of the Bible
2960:, and his collaborators
2782:between 1774 and 1778 (
2429:Charles Augustus Briggs
2328:Joseph Barber Lightfoot
2290:(Epistles of St. Paul,)
2256:The Speakers Commentary
2250:Richard Chenevix Trench
2022:Protestant commentaries
2005:with references to the
1773:, Edmund F. Sutcliffe,
1704:(works of Introduction)
1554:, Oratorian (died 1721)
1542:, Oratorian (died 1783)
1530:, Oratorian (died 1715)
1518:, Oratorian (died 1717)
1506:, Oratorian (died 1712)
1494:, Carmelite (died 1687)
1482:, Oratorian (died 1659)
1366:of Lorraine (died 1609)
849:St. Isidore of Pelusium
699:; he was known as the "
643:Dionysius of Alexandria
3132:David Strauss (1835).
3093:Archimandrite Ephrem.
2462:(56 vols., 1878-1918).
2409:William T. Kirkpatrick
2330:(Epistles of St. Paul)
2318:(Epistles of St. Paul)
2277:Christopher Wordsworth
2213:(1823, Hebrew scholar)
2207:, 5 vols., (1811-1818)
2201:, 8 vols., (1810-1826)
1626:Francis Xavier Patrizi
1616:Guillaume-René Meignan
1558:Dominikus von Brentano
1536:, O. S. B. (died 1729)
1524:, Capuchin (died 1709)
1459:, O. S. F. (died 1620)
1324:of Cordova (born 1532)
1172:Andrew of Saint Victor
893:St. Hilary of Poitiers
785:Theodore of Mopsuestia
693:Leonides of Alexandria
665:To these may be added
590:Patristic commentaries
471:(fourteenth century).
19:This is an outline of
3463:Biblical commentaries
3233:Synopsis of the Bible
3174:With the rise of the
3162:Catholic Encyclopedia
3048:Catholic Encyclopedia
2996:Biblical hermeneutics
2917:J. C. K. von Hoffmann
2375:(32 vols., 1904-1910)
2260:Frederic Charles Cook
1968:, and Donald Senior,
1884:University of Navarra
1797:., Robert J. Karris,
1747:respective articles.
1729:Marie-Joseph Lagrange
1621:Franz Xaver Reithmayr
988:Blessed Theophylactus
934:Medieval commentaries
915:St. Gregory the Great
746:Eusebius of Nicomedia
678:Catholic Encyclopedia
633:Clement of Alexandria
3376:Glynn, John (2003).
3353:Evans, John (2010).
3341:Lingonier Ministries
3314:FreeCommentaries.com
3306:Google Books Project
3253:by Paul E. Kretzmann
3191:The Grace Commentary
2963:Schmiedel, von Soden
2938:Heinrich A. W. Meyer
2887:Gesenius (died 1842)
2334:Brooke Foss Westcott
1999:Orthodox Study Bible
1894:Daniel J. Harrington
1868:Twenty-first century
1843:Raymond Edward Brown
1815:Raymond Edward Brown
1651:Louis Claude Fillion
1606:Jean-Baptiste Glaire
1595:Joseph Franz Allioli
1259:Gregory Bar Hebraeus
1192:(thirteenth century)
1186:(thirteenth century)
1098:was indebted to it.
1052:Biblical concordance
1041:Glossa Interlinearis
888:St. Gregory of Nyssa
686:Epistles of St. Paul
638:Origen of Alexandria
564:Rabbi Pesach Wolicki
550:Samuel David Luzzato
362:Solomon ben Yerucham
341:Karaite commentators
79:Origen of Alexandria
3473:Bible-related lists
3242:Complete Commentary
3136:. Calvin Blanchard.
2857:Ernesti (died 1781)
2841:, Volkmar, Tobler,
2555:Arthur Samuel Peake
2384:Henry Barclay Swete
1759:, 1859 edition. by
1741:Albin van Hoonacker
1590:Arthur-Marie Le Hir
1580:Johann Leonhard Hug
1465:, O. P. (died 1628)
1423:, O. P. (died 1560)
1411:, O. P. (died 1569)
1387:Pereira of Valencia
1340:Mariana of Talavera
1241:Syriac commentators
1236:(sixteenth century)
1167:Gilbert of Poitiers
1149:Remigius of Auxerre
994:Euthymius Zigabenus
961:St. Maximus, Martyr
868:Isidore of Pelusium
859:Intermediate School
789:Theodore's brother
718:St. John Chrysostom
654:Cyril of Alexandria
280:Jewish Encyclopedia
208:to the west of the
198:Third Jewish Revolt
102:Jonathan ben Uzziel
43:Jewish commentaries
3468:Bible commentators
3081:Codices Sinaiticus
2920:Hitzig (died 1875)
2778:were published by
2635:Bernard Mandeville
2588:(2007), edited by
2370:Alexander Maclaren
2350:Andrew B. Davidson
2345:Frederic W. Farrar
2304:Johann Peter Lange
2238:Michael Baumgarten
2211:Benjamin Boothroyd
1984:Aleksandr Lopukhin
1934:Eileen M. Schuller
1916:(2017), edited by
1892:(2008), edited by
1847:Joseph A. Fitzmyer
1823:Joseph A. Fitzmyer
1775:Reginald C. Fuller
1761:George Leo Haydock
1727:. The writings of
1721:Joseph Knabenbauer
1565:Nineteenth century
1548:, Recollect (1770)
1516:Louis de Carrières
1439:Génébrard of Cluny
1382:Menochius of Pavia
1376:Tirinus of Antwerp
1370:Lorinus of Avignon
1346:Alcazar of Seville
1334:Bonfrère of Dinant
1293:Cornelius a Lapide
1202:Alphonsus Tostatus
1184:Alexander of Hales
1048:Hugh of Saint-Cher
1001:John Antony Cramer
984:(eleventh century)
967:St. John Damascene
822:The Three Chapters
761:Theognis of Nicaea
751:Maris of Chalcedon
621:Alexandrian School
615:Alexandrian School
596:Christian exegesis
431:commentary on the
401:Tobiah ben Eliezer
366:Sahal ben Mazliach
358:Abu al-Faraj Harun
262:NeoWestern Aramaic
176:Mishna and Talmuds
167:commentary on the
3478:Biblical exegesis
3368:978-0-9828715-6-0
3337:Best Commentaries
3284:Explanatory Notes
3193:by Dr. Paul Ellis
2979:Anchor Yale Bible
2944:Julius Wellhausen
2434:Ezra Palmer Gould
2360:Alfred A. Plummer
2355:Andrew R. Fausset
2244:Friedrich Tholuck
2234:Haevernick (1845)
2229:Hermann Olshausen
2152:English writers:
2013:, which uses the
1960:(2022) edited by
1920:and Curtis Mitch.
1875:The Navarre Bible
1861:William R. Farmer
1859:(1998) edited by
1841:(1990) edited by
1813:(1968) edited by
1751:Twentieth century
1702:Fulcran Vigouroux
1697:Anthony John Maas
1640:Fulcran Vigouroux
1417:(Ferus), O. S. F.
1393:Pineda of Seville
1364:Nicholas Serarius
1358:Sánchez of Alcalá
1208:Ludolph of Saxony
1180:(twelfth century)
1174:(twelfth century)
1155:Bruno of Würzburg
1127:(seventh century)
1121:(seventh century)
1103:Council of Vienne
996:(twelfth century)
963:(seventh century)
955:Procopius of Gaza
826:St. John's Gospel
731:School of Antioch
725:Antiochene School
607:in the 170s
538:Ludwig Philippson
502:Moses Mendelssohn
447:Semitic languages
395:Solomon ben Isaac
364:(tenth century);
356:(ninth century);
324:Gospel of Matthew
322:, as they are in
3485:
3445:
3444:
3433:
3432:
3431:
3421:
3420:
3409:
3408:
3407:
3400:
3391:
3372:
3359:Doulos Resources
3310:Internet Archive
3300:by MissionAssist
3265:by William Kelly
3166:
3148:
3147:
3138:
3137:
3129:
3123:
3118:
3112:
3105:
3099:
3098:
3073:
3067:
3066:
3059:
3053:
3052:
3038:
3037:
3032:
3001:Biblical studies
2863:the Rosenmüllers
2665:Lord Bolingbroke
2312:(St. Paul, 1878)
2288:Charles Ellicott
2177:Joseph Priestley
2125:, Geier, Calov (
1863:Liturgical Press
1851:Roland E. Murphy
1831:Roland E. Murphy
1801:Liturgical Press
1725:Franz Hummelauer
1486:Isaac Le Maistre
1322:Cardinal Toletus
1277:Alfonso Salmeron
1253:Jacob Bar-Salibi
1234:Cardinal Cajetan
1133:(eighth century)
1125:Julian of Toledo
1084:Nicholas de Lyra
1030:Glossa Ordinaria
969:(eighth century)
779:Bishop of Tarsus
610:
570:, also known as
568:Cup of Salvation
540:, etc., called "
496:Azarias de Rossi
494:(died 1549) and
465:Aaron ben Joseph
453:Moses Maimonides
443:Abraham Ibn Ezra
411:in 11th century
389:Saadiah of Fayûm
140:Shlomo Yitzchaki
63:Greek philosophy
3493:
3492:
3488:
3487:
3486:
3484:
3483:
3482:
3453:
3452:
3451:
3439:
3429:
3427:
3415:
3405:
3403:
3395:
3388:
3369:
3357:. Oakland, TN:
3349:
3347:Further reading
3172:
3145:
3142:
3141:
3130:
3126:
3119:
3115:
3106:
3102:
3074:
3070:
3061:
3060:
3056:
3035:
3033:
3029:
3024:
2992:
2975:
2966:
2860:Berthold (1822)
2794:Heinrich Paulus
2760:
2719:Thomas Sherlock
2645:Thomas Woolston
2640:Anthony Collins
2602:
2365:Robert Plumptre
2294:W. J. Conybeare
2271:Franz Delitzsch
2219:(1822, popular)
2029:
2024:
2015:Textus Receptus
1979:
1962:John J. Collins
1870:
1779:Bernard Griffin
1771:Bernard Orchard
1769:1953 edited by
1753:
1737:Theodore Calmes
1733:Albert Condamin
1713:
1692:Constant Fouard
1674:Francis Kenrick
1567:
1552:Jacques Le Long
1469:Jansen of Ypres
1433:Jansen of Ghent
1409:Sixtus of Siena
1281:Ignatius Loyola
1268:
1247:Ishodad of Merv
1243:
1190:Albertus Magnus
1178:Rupert of Deutz
1151:(ninth century)
1145:(ninth century)
1139:(ninth century)
1115:(sixth century)
1026:Walafrid Strabo
1013:
978:(tenth century)
951:
949:Greek Catenists
936:
861:
797:John Chrysostom
733:
727:
617:
594:The history of
592:
480:Isaac Abarbanel
477:
469:Aaron ben Elias
425:Pesiḳta Zuṭarta
386:
370:Joseph al-Bazir
343:
305:Midrash Aggadah
289:
252:and Babylonian
234:Mishnaic Hebrew
230:Jehudah ha-Nasi
178:
156:medieval French
154:tzhaki), was a
106:Yonathan Targum
90:Frederic Farrar
87:
56:
51:
45:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3491:
3481:
3480:
3475:
3470:
3465:
3450:
3449:
3437:
3425:
3413:
3393:
3392:
3386:
3373:
3367:
3348:
3345:
3302:
3301:
3295:
3290:
3281:
3276:
3266:
3260:
3254:
3248:
3239:
3230:
3221:
3212:
3203:
3194:
3171:
3168:
3140:
3139:
3124:
3113:
3100:
3068:
3054:
3026:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3019:
3018:
3013:
3008:
3003:
2998:
2991:
2988:
2987:
2986:
2981:
2974:
2971:
2965:
2964:
2961:
2955:
2952:
2949:
2946:
2941:
2935:
2932:
2927:
2924:
2921:
2918:
2915:
2912:
2909:
2906:
2903:
2900:
2897:
2894:
2891:
2888:
2885:
2882:
2879:
2876:
2873:
2870:
2867:
2866:Crusius (1843)
2864:
2861:
2858:
2854:
2759:
2758:
2755:
2752:
2749:
2746:
2743:
2740:
2737:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2721:
2716:
2713:
2710:
2707:
2702:
2699:
2696:
2693:
2690:
2684:
2680:
2679:
2673:
2668:
2662:
2657:
2652:
2650:Matthew Tindal
2647:
2642:
2637:
2632:
2627:
2622:
2620:Charles Blount
2617:
2612:
2601:
2598:
2580:
2579:
2576:
2569:
2566:
2548:
2545:
2535:
2534:
2528:
2522:
2519:
2513:
2507:
2501:
2495:
2489:
2486:
2480:
2474:
2468:
2463:
2442:
2441:
2439:Cyrus Scofield
2436:
2431:
2426:
2421:
2419:A. T. Robinson
2416:
2414:William Sanday
2411:
2406:
2401:
2396:
2391:
2386:
2381:
2376:
2367:
2362:
2357:
2352:
2347:
2337:
2336:
2331:
2325:
2324:Gloag; Perowne
2322:
2319:
2316:H. C. G. Moule
2313:
2307:
2301:
2291:
2285:
2280:
2274:
2268:
2262:
2253:
2247:
2241:
2235:
2232:
2226:
2223:
2220:
2214:
2208:
2202:
2196:
2186:
2180:
2170:
2169:
2150:
2137:
2129:), S. Schmid,
2112:
2098:Samuel Bochart
2075:
2058:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2019:
2018:
2007:Masoretic Text
1995:
1988:Masoretic Text
1978:
1975:
1974:
1973:
1955:
1945:
1923:
1921:
1911:
1901:
1887:
1869:
1866:
1865:
1864:
1854:
1834:
1806:
1804:
1802:
1788:
1782:
1764:
1752:
1749:
1739:(Saint Jean),
1712:
1711:
1708:
1705:
1699:
1694:
1689:
1684:
1681:
1676:
1671:
1666:
1661:
1658:
1653:
1648:
1643:
1636:August Bisping
1633:
1628:
1623:
1618:
1613:
1608:
1603:
1600:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1577:
1571:
1566:
1563:
1562:
1561:
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1471:
1466:
1460:
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1451:Luke of Bruges
1448:
1445:Antonio Agelli
1442:
1436:
1430:
1427:Andreas Masius
1424:
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1396:
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3180:Public Domain
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2613:
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2203:
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2189:George D'Oyly
2187:
2184:
2183:George Burder
2181:
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2158:Matthew Henry
2155:
2154:Matthew Poole
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1656:Henri Lesêtre
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1096:Martin Luther
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928:Richard Simon
921:
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486:, 1437; died
485:
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466:
460:
458:
454:
450:
448:
444:
440:
438:
435:and the Five
434:
430:
426:
422:
419:), wrote the
418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
398:
396:
392:
390:
381:
380:(died 1160).
379:
378:Judah Hadassi
375:
371:
367:
363:
359:
355:
351:
347:
338:
336:
332:
328:
325:
321:
317:
314:
313:Psalm 109 LXX
310:
306:
302:
298:
294:
284:
282:
281:
275:
271:
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263:
259:
255:
251:
247:
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207:
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199:
196:, due to the
195:
191:
187:
183:
173:
171:
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157:
153:
149:
145:
141:
137:
135:
131:
127:
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119:
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111:
107:
103:
99:
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91:
82:
80:
74:
72:
68:
64:
60:
50:
40:
38:
34:
30:
26:
22:
3423:Christianity
3377:
3354:
3322:
3303:
3215:Commentaries
3206:Commentaries
3173:
3160:
3143:
3133:
3127:
3116:
3103:
3089:Alexandrinus
3076:
3071:
3057:
3046:
3030:
3011:Hermeneutics
2967:
2958:H. Holtzmann
2930:Ernest Renan
2851:
2811:
2808:
2802:
2792:
2783:
2761:
2727:Gilbert West
2688:Isaac Newton
2681:
2660:Thomas Chubb
2603:
2594:D. A. Carson
2583:
2581:
2563:H. H. Rowley
2553:, edited by
2536:
2493:out of print
2454:
2443:
2404:S. R. Driver
2399:Dean Stanley
2372:
2338:
2310:Thomas Lewin
2298:J. S. Howson
2265:Henry Alford
2258:, edited by
2255:
2217:Thomas Scott
2193:Richard Mant
2171:
2069:van Limborch
2030:
1957:
1947:
1925:
1913:
1903:
1890:Sacra Pagina
1889:
1873:
1856:
1836:
1808:
1790:
1784:
1766:
1756:
1745:
1717:Karl Cornely
1714:
1669:Louis Bacuez
1664:Peter Schegg
1568:
1528:Bernard Lamy
1421:Dominic Soto
1397:
1328:Manuel de Sá
1310:
1303:
1297:
1273:
1269:
1107:
1100:
1091:
1082:
1074:Catena Aurea
1073:
1068:
1064:verba textus
1063:
1059:
1055:
1046:
1039:
1034:
1024:
1017:
1014:
1005:Cardinal Mai
940:
937:
924:
898:Ambrosiaster
862:
853:Attic speech
844:
830:
807:
803:
791:Polychronius
777:of Antioch,
734:
690:
675:
664:
618:
593:
571:
567:
562:
558:Julius Fürst
554:Leopold Zunz
546:Salomon Munk
500:
492:Elias Levita
478:
467:(1294), and
461:
451:
441:
424:
420:
407:scholar and
399:
393:
387:
372:(died 930);
344:
316:Hebrew Bible
290:
277:
239:
220:against the
179:
168:
151:
147:
143:
138:
93:
88:
75:
57:
18:
3288:John Wesley
3275:, by Luther
3219:Adam Clarke
3210:John Calvin
2671:Peter Annet
2667:(died 1751)
2625:John Toland
2611:(died 1648)
2590:G. K. Beale
2389:F. F. Bruce
2199:Adam Clarke
2162:John Wesley
2148:Schlichting
2135:Melanchthon
2127:Calov Bible
2037:Melanchthon
1687:Paul Schanz
1585:Johann Jahn
1560:(died 1797)
1500:(died 1704)
1476:(died 1644)
1453:(died 1619)
1447:(died 1608)
1441:(died 1597)
1435:(died 1576)
1429:(died 1573)
1415:Johann Wild
1389:(died 1610)
1378:(born 1580)
1372:(born 1559)
1360:(died 1628)
1348:(born 1554)
1342:(born 1537)
1336:(born 1573)
1330:(died 1596)
1318:(born 1514)
1113:Cassiodorus
1088:Franciscans
808:His pupil,
670:St. Ambrose
659:St. Pierius
526:Friedlander
384:Middle Ages
303:character (
214:Rabbi Akiba
3457:Categories
3263:Commentary
3237:John Darby
3022:References
2839:Hilgenfeld
2814:F. C. Baur
2705:John Locke
2676:David Hume
2300:(St. Paul)
2078:Calvinists
2027:In general
2003:Septuagint
1992:Septuagint
1918:Scott Hahn
1849:, SJ, and
1480:Jean Morin
1285:Bellarmine
814:Nestorians
741:St. Lucian
709:St. Jerome
705:Epiphanius
701:Adamantine
556:, Geiger,
534:Herxheimer
457:St. Thomas
433:Pentateuch
218:Bar Kochba
71:Pentateuch
3228:John Gill
3085:Vaticanus
2954:Beyschlag
2881:Fritzsche
2823:Schwegler
2742:Warburton
2736:Waterland
2715:S. Clarke
2140:Socinians
2133:, Lange,
2131:Michaelis
2115:Lutherans
2110:John Gill
2061:Arminians
2056:Lightfoot
2052:Anglicans
1735:(Isaïe),
1602:van Essen
1540:Houbigant
1488:(de Sacy)
1352:Barradius
1249:(fl. 850)
1161:St. Bruno
1060:post illa
976:Ecumenius
910:Augustine
878:St. Basil
873:Theodoret
810:Nestorius
650:the Blind
605:Heracleon
429:midrashic
421:Leḳaḥ Ṭov
405:Romaniote
354:Nahavendi
301:homiletic
293:Midrashim
287:Midrashim
250:Jerusalem
246:Babylonia
242:Jerusalem
202:Sepphoris
92:, in his
3447:Religion
3333:Challies
3308:and the
3176:Internet
3006:Exegesis
2990:See also
2951:Jülicher
2948:Wieseler
2926:B. Weiss
2902:Kleinert
2890:Longerke
2869:Bertheau
2798:de Wette
2788:Eichhorn
2776:Reimarus
2764:Voltaire
2723:Chandler
2692:Cudworth
2450:Hastings
2106:Vitringa
2102:Cocceius
2073:le Clerc
1710:McIntyre
1463:Malvenda
1457:Calasius
1224:Gagnaeus
1143:Druthmar
1092:Postillæ
1058:, i. e.
1056:Postillæ
920:Pelagius
775:Diodorus
765:Asterius
756:Eudoxius
684:and the
628:Pantænus
542:Biurists
514:Jarosław
437:Megillot
413:Kastoria
350:Karaites
297:halakhic
228:, Rabbi
226:Tiberias
206:Tiberias
186:Oral Law
3435:Judaism
3397:Portals
3178:, many
3153::
2908:Nicolas
2899:Umbreit
2878:Thenius
2872:Hupfeld
2780:Lessing
2751:Lardner
2712:Whiston
2698:Bentley
2512:(NIGTC)
2506:(NICNT)
2500:(NICOT)
2123:Gerhard
2090:de Dieu
2086:Drusius
2065:Grotius
2045:Zwingli
1683:Arnauld
1522:Piconio
1498:Bossuet
1230:Erasmus
713:Hexapla
682:Gospels
648:Didymus
601:Gnostic
560:, etc.
518:Homberg
510:Wessely
506:Lessing
335:Abraham
320:Messiah
274:Mandaic
266:Aramaic
254:Talmuds
130:Aramaic
114:Shammai
85:Targums
33:Talmuds
25:Targums
3384:
3365:
3339:, and
3184:online
3091:. and
3087:, and
3039:
2914:Kuenen
2911:Hirzel
2905:Knobel
2847:Hosten
2835:Ritsch
2831:Köslin
2827:Planck
2819:Zeller
2772:Semler
2757:Butler
2745:Leland
2739:Foster
2701:Lesley
2575:(1988)
2565:(1962)
2544:(1871)
2533:(TNTC)
2527:(TOTC)
2518:(PNTC)
2479:(REBC)
2448:, and
2246:(1843)
2240:(1859)
2231:(1839)
2195:(1820)
2185:(1809)
2179:(1803)
2119:Luther
2094:Cappel
2082:Calvin
2041:Calvin
2033:Luther
1845:, SS,
1829:, and
1799:O.F.M.
1723:, and
1510:Calmet
1306:Estius
1289:Psalms
1210:; and
1131:Alcuin
942:catena
904:Jerome
818:Syriac
623:were:
603:named
584:Hallel
580:Psalms
522:Euchel
488:Venice
484:Lisbon
482:(born
475:Modern
417:Greece
409:paytan
270:Syriac
258:Gemara
222:Romans
190:Jamnia
169:Tanakh
163:Talmud
126:Hebrew
122:Aquila
118:Mishna
110:Hillel
98:Temple
31:, and
29:Mishna
3411:Bible
3271:, at
2893:Bleek
2884:Justi
2875:Ewald
2768:Wolff
2709:Ibbot
2695:Boyle
2485:(ICC)
2473:(EBC)
2446:Smith
2144:Crell
1795:C.S.A
1599:Mayer
837:Paris
769:Arius
530:Hertz
331:Rashi
327:22:44
182:Zugot
159:rabbi
150:lomo
134:Exile
128:into
59:Philo
54:Philo
3382:ISBN
3363:ISBN
3327:and
3273:CCEL
2934:Tuch
2843:Keim
2754:Watt
2592:and
2561:and
2321:Beet
2296:and
2191:and
2011:NKJV
1997:The
1707:Ward
1232:and
1018:The
1003:and
908:St.
902:St.
795:St.
427:, a
403:, a
278:The
244:and
204:and
165:and
146:bbi
112:and
3286:by
3244:by
3235:by
3226:by
3217:by
3208:by
3199:by
3159:".
2748:Law
1942:PSS
1938:OSU
1908:OSB
423:or
272:or
3459::
3361:.
3343:.
3335:,
3331:,
3312:.
3083:,
3045:.
2845:,
2837:,
2833:,
2829:,
2825:,
2821:,
2596:.
2164:,
2146:,
2142::
2121:,
2117::
2108:,
2104:,
2100:,
2096:,
2092:,
2088:,
2084:,
2080::
2071:,
2067:,
2063::
2054::
2043:,
2039:,
2035:,
1990:,
1970:CP
1966:OP
1936:,
1932:,
1930:OP
1898:SJ
1896:,
1827:SJ
1825:,
1821:,
1819:SS
1817:,
1719:,
945:.
847:.
609:CE
586:.
552:,
548:,
536:,
532:,
528:,
524:,
520:,
516:,
512:,
439:.
337:.
283:.
172:.
148:SH
144:RA
39:.
27:,
3399::
3390:.
3371:.
1972:.
1954:.
1944:.
1910:.
1900:.
1886:.
1642:)
1062:(
661:.
415:(
152:I
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