List of Mesopotamian deities

1655: 5094: 6198: 6535: 1463: 6167: 5550: 7011: 6250: 6367: 3375: 5775: 4933: 689:, though the evidence has been described as “circumstantial” by Francesco Pomponio. He later became associated with wisdom and agriculture. In the Old Babylonian and early Kassite periods his cult was only popular in central Mesopotamia (Babylon, Sippar, Kish, Dilbat, Lagaba), had a limited extent in peripheral areas (Susa in Elam, Mari in Syria) and there is little to no evidence of it from cities such as Ur and Nippur, in sharp contrast with later evidence. In the first millennium BCE he became one of the most prominent gods of Babylonia. In Assyria his prominence grew in the eighth and seventh centuries BCE. In Kalhu and Nineveh he eventually became more common in personal names than the Assyrian head god Ashur. He also replaced Ninurta as the main god of Kalhu. In the Neo-Babylonian periods some inscriptions of kings such as 886: 4266: 1012: 660: 417: 1589: 2363: 942: 1170: 5744: 5958: 1451:

protective goddesses capable of interceding on behalf of humans. She shared these roles with Ninshubur. She was closely associated with Inanna/Ishtar, though not identical to her as the two often appear side by side in the same texts: for example in Larsa Inanna, Nanaya and Ninsianna all functioned as distinct deities, while in god lists Nanaya appears among Inanna's courtiers, usually following Dumuzi and Ninshubur. In late sources Nanaya and Ishtar sometimes appear as goddesses of equal status. In neo-Babylonian Uruk she was one of the most important deities, and retained this status under Persian rule as well. There is also evidence for her worship continuing in Seleucid and Parthian times, as late as 45 CE.

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second phase, which occurred in the third millennium BC, the divine hierarchy became more structured and deified kings began to enter the pantheon. During the third phase, in the second millennium BC, the gods worshipped by an individual person and gods associated with the commoners became more prevalent. During the fourth and final phase, in the first millennium BC, the gods became closely associated with specific human empires and rulers. The names of over 3,000 Mesopotamian deities have been recovered from cuneiform texts. Many of these are from lengthy lists of deities compiled by ancient Mesopotamian scribes. The longest of these lists is a text entitled

776: 19: 4643: 50: 185:(rather than Mesopotamian) sources, in which the term was applied to a class of distinct, Hurrian, gods instead. Anunnaki are chiefly mentioned in literary texts and very little evidence to support the existence of any distinct cult of them has yet been unearthed due to the fact that each deity which could be regarded as a member of the Anunnaki had his or her own individual cult, separate from the others. Similarly, no representations of the Anunnaki as a distinct group have yet been discovered, although a few depictions of its frequent individual members have been identified. Another similar collective term for deities was 6075: 815: 1315:. In Mesopotamia these two gods started to merge in the Sargonic period, and it seems it was already impossible to find a clear distinction between them in the Ur III period. While northern texts put an emphasis on the benevolent character of the weather god as a bringer of rain, in the south he was often associated with destructive weather phenomena, including dust storms, though even there he was credited with making plant growth possible in areas which weren't irrigated. He was regarded as the son of An, though less commonly he was also referred to as a son of Enlil. His wife was 1432: 4597: 5652: 1615:("vizier"), a type of deity serving as another's personal attendant. Her mistress was Inanna. Many texts indicate they were regarded very close to each other, with one going as far as listing Ninshubur with the title "beloved vizier," before Inanna's relatives other than her husband Dumuzi. She consistently appears as the first among Inanna's courtiers in god lists, usually followed by another commonly worshiped deity, Nanaya. She was portrayed as capable of "appeasing" Inanna, and as "unshakably loyal" in her devotion to her. In the Sumerian myth of 1058: 5483: 1084:. In addition to being the god of shepherds, Dumuzid was also an agricultural deity associated with the growth of plants. Ancient Near Eastern peoples associated Dumuzid with the springtime, when the land was fertile and abundant, but, during the summer months, when the land was dry and barren, it was thought that Dumuzid had "died". During the month of Dumuzid, which fell in the middle of summer, people all across Sumer would mourn over his death. An enormous number of popular stories circulated throughout the Near East surrounding his death. 6505: 6430:. Known festivals dedicated to them have been described as "lugubrious" by researchers, and included a "wailing ceremony," "the festival of chains" and a celebration known only as "place of disappearance." It has been proposed that these rituals might reflect an unknown myth about descent to the underworld or perhaps capture of these two deities. They almost always appear as a pair, though sporadic references to Belet-Šuḫnir alone are known from Mesopotamian documents, while Belet-Terraban is attested on her own in Susa during the reign of 4522: 5923:, etc.) or as astral or atmosphetic spirits serving the gods, or as a combination of some of the above. The Elamite goddess Narundi was regarded as their sister in Mesopotamia. While destructive, the Sebitti weren't necessarily regarded as evil. They played an apotropaic role, appearing for example in rituals meant to protect houses from demons. In apotropaic contexts they were described as armed with hatchets. A possibly analogous group, additionally identified with the Pleiades, is described as Inanna's "seven-headed mace" in one text. 365: 5812: 5845: 4221: 1521:. He was closely associated with the Underworld, and some researchers go as far as proposing he was the oldest Mesopotamian god associated with it, though it is most likely more accurate to say that there was initially no single universally agreed upon version of relevant mythical and cultic concepts, with various deities, both male and female, ruling over the Underworld in the belief systems of various areas and time periods. Ninazu was also a Ninurta-like warrior god, as well as the "king of snakes." He was worshipped in 1691:. There is little direct evidence for temples (in Nippur she was worshiped in the temple of her daughter Ninlil) and clergy of Nisaba, but literary texts were commonly ended with the doxology "praise to Nisaba!" or other invocations of her. The term "house of wisdom of Nisaba" attested in many texts was likely a generic term for institutions connected to writing. Her importance started to decline (especially outside the scribal circles) after the Old Babylonian period, though attestations as late as from the reign of 5872: 6864: 6634: 469: 3813:. They were regarded as guardians of doorways and they may have originally been envisioned as a set of twins guarding the gates of the Underworld, who chopped the dead into pieces as they passed through the gates. During the Neo-Assyrian period, small depictions of them would be buried at entrances, with Lugal-irra always on the left and Meslamta-ea always on the right. They are identical and are shown wearing horned caps and each holding an axe and a mace. They are identified with the constellation 5597: 6659:. His assistants were Lagamar and Ishmekarab, whose names have Akkadian origin and who were originally worshiped in Mesopotamia. Frans Wiggermann proposes that Inshushinak and the Mesopotamian gods Ishtaran, Ninazu, Ningishzida and Tishpak can be collectively described as "Transtigridian snake gods" existing on the boundary between Elamite and Mesopotamian culture based on their shared connection to judgment, the afterlife and snakes, as well as similar locations of their major cult centers. 6894: 1231: 572: 2812: 7151: 3867:). Gianni Marchesi describes him as "gendarme demon par excellence." He was regarded as a figure of low rank, serving under other deities, but nonetheless capable of rewarding righteousness. The goddess Ninmug was his mother according to the text of a Sumerian lamentation. It has been proposed that he was originally a deified human ruler. Similar origin has been proposed for a number of other gods of similar character, such as Ḫadaniš (who shares his name with a king of 733: 613: 6446: 24592: 6835: 6970: 6708: 6119: 4774: 24580: 5833:. Although Lamashtu has traditionally been identified as a demoness, the fact that she could cause evil on her own without the permission of other deities strongly indicates that she was seen as a goddess in her own right. Mesopotamian peoples protected against her using amulets and talismans. She was believed to ride in her boat on the river of the Underworld and she was associated with donkeys. She was believed to be the daughter of An. 1291: 5618:) believed to serve the sun god Utu in Sumerian mythology, and later his Akkadian counterpart Shamash. In the Epic of Gilgamesh a scorpionman and a scorpionwoman guard the gate through which the sun rises and sets each day, but it is likely this motif existed earlier independently from this myth. Unlike most other apotropaic creatures, a male girtablullu was also often accompanied by his feminine counterpart in apotropaic rituals. 2998: 127:, which were used for transporting their cult statues by land. Sometimes a deity's cult statue would be transported to the location of a battle so that the deity could watch the battle unfold. The major deities of the Mesopotamian pantheon were believed to participate in the "assembly of the gods", through which the gods made all of their decisions. This assembly was seen as a divine counterpart to the 6493:

analogous position in corresponding pantheons, he and Enlil were partially conflated. However, Dagan had a distinct purpose in the Mesopotamian pantheon as well, as the god granting rulers control over western lands. In Nippur he shared a temple with Išḫara, though contrary to conclusions in older scholarship these two deities were not regarded as a couple, and merely shared a similar area of origin.

3799: 910:) and creation. Descriptions of her as "mother" weren't always referring to motherhood in the literal sense or to parentage of other deities, but sometimes instead represented her esteem and authority as a senior deity, similar to references to major male deities such as Enlil or Anu as "fathers." Certain mortal rulers claimed her as their mother, a phenomenon recorded as early as during the reign of 5992:

apotropaic ritual involving a figurine of uridimmu made from cedar wood prescribes praying to Marduk and Sarpanit to bestow healing powers upon the representation of the creature, and describes it as their faithful servant capable of interceding with them on behalf of humans. The ritual also states that Sarpanit makes the uridimmu well disposed towards the patient treated with apotropaic magic.

153:, a Babylonian scholarly work listing the names of over 2,000 deities. While sometimes mistakenly regarded simply as a list of Sumerian gods with their Akkadian equivalents, it was meant to provide information about the relations between individual gods, as well as short explanations of functions fulfilled by them. In addition to spouses and children of gods, it also listed their servants. 1917:. Enki and Ninki followed by a varying number of pairs of deities whose names start with "En" and "Nin" appear as Enlil's ancestors in various sources: god lists, incantations, liturgical texts, and the Sumerian composition "Death of Gilgamesh," where the eponymous hero encounters these divine ancestors in the underworld. The oldest document preserving this tradition is the Fara god list ( 1327:). In these roles he was associated with Shamash. In Zabban, a city in the northeast of Babylonia, he was regarded as the head of the local pantheon. In Assyrian sources he was closely connected to military campaigns of the kings. Kurba'il on the northern frontier of the empire was regarded as his most notable cult center in neo-Assyrian times. In god lists foreign weather gods such as 6004: 1921:). Sometimes all the ancestors were collectively called "the Enkis and the Ninkis." Enki, the ancestor of Enlil, is not to be confused with the god Enki/Ea, who is a distinct and unrelated figure. The ancestral Enki's name means "lord earth," while the meaning of the name of the god of Eridu is uncertain but not the same, as indicated by some writings including an amissable g. 6459:

Near East during the first millennium BC and are common in Syria, Palestine, and Arabia. This god's name in Assyrian and Babylonian may have been Pessû. Bes seems to have been the only Egyptian god who became widely worshipped throughout Mesopotamia. His role in Mesopotamian religion was however closer to that of a type of apotropaic creature (native examples of which include

1687:. Nisaba was the mother of the goddess Sud, syncretised with Enlil's wife Ninlil, and as a result she was regarded as his mother in law. While a less common tradition identified her as the daughter of Enlil, she was usually regarded as the daughter of Uraš, and references to Anu or Ea as her father are known from first millennium BCE literature. Her husband was the god 850:

most myths, she is usually presented as the daughter of Nanna and Ningal, but, in other stories, she is the daughter of Enki or An along with an unknown mother. The Sumerians had more myths about her than any other deity. Many of the myths involving her revolve around her attempts to usurp control of the other deities' domains. Her most famous myth is the story of her

6991:" or "Ishtar of Nineveh"). Despite her origin, the oldest known attestations of both Shaushka and her main cult center, Nineveh, come from Mesopotamian, rather than Hurrian, documents. She is attested in religious documents from the Ur III period, but her worship evidently persisted in later times too, as she appears in a list of offerings from Old Babylonian 389:. However Anu was himself described as the descendant of various primordial beings in various texts (god lists, incantations, etc.), and Enlil was often equipped with his own elaborate family tree separate from Anu's. While An was described as the utmost god, at least by the time of the earliest written records the main god in terms of actual cult was 5856:

city god of Eshnunna he also started to be associated with his serpentine symbolic animals. In the Middle Babylonian period Marduk started to be associated with the mušḫuššu, possibly in reflection of Hammurabi's conquest of Eshnunna; his son Nabu was later associated with it too. Marduk's association with it was in turn transferred to Ashur after

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and Ninhursag served as his advisers, alongside his children Utu and Inanna. Other references to Nanna holding such a position are known from personal names and various texts, with some going as far as stating he holds "Anuship and Enlilship," and Wilfred G. Lambert assumes that he was regarded as the supreme god by his clergy in Ur and Harran.

6570:). In Mesopotamian sources he appeared only sporadically in the Neo-Assyrian period, and in a commentary on the incantation series Šurpu he is equated with Enlil, most likely based on their shared role as gods who grant authority to human rulers. Past researchers sometimes incorrectly assumed he was one and the same as a distinct Elamite god, 6311:

assumed to be connected to Ishtar due to a shared epithet – however, it was applied to a wide variety of gods including Marduk and Nergal, and as such cannot serve as grounds for claims about identification of these two deities with each other, as many epithets were shared between deities not necessarily regarded as analogous to each other.

2146:. Her name is a female version of Anu's own. She was worshiped in the late first miilennium BCE in Uruk in the newly built temple complex dedicated to Anu. Her elevation alongside her husband was connected to a theological trend under Achaemenid and Seleucid rule which extended their roles at the expense of Ishtar. German classical scholar 1941:). He was sometimes regarded as the father of Enlil, or as his uncle. Texts allude to combat between Enmesharra and Enlil (or perhaps Ninurta), and his subsequent imprisonment. In some traditions it was believed that this is how Enlil gained control over destinies. In a late myth he was described as an enemy of Marduk. 5378:, "weaving." While the claim that her name means "spider" and that she was envisioned as a spider spinning a web can be found in a number of publications, recent research shows that association between Uttu and spiders is limited to a single text (a hemerology), which connects her Sumerian name with the Akkadian word 6492:

Dagan was the main god of the middle Euphrates area, regarded as a god of prosperity and "father of gods." While his cult centers were never major political powers in their own right, he was nonetheless a popular deity and his cult had international importance in the Ebla period already. Due to their

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could refer to multiple types of creatures, and both benevolent and malevolent character was assigned to them in various texts. Ugallu was depicted as a "lion demon," with the body of a man, head of a lion and bird-like claws. This class of beings was likely viewed as enforcers of divine will. Due to

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Humbaba (also Huwawa, Huppipi, Hubbubu) was a monster residing in the Cedar Forest defeated by Gilgamesh and Enkidu in the Epic of Gilgamesh. Sculptures of Humbaba's head are attested in an apotropaic role from Mesopotamian temples. Humbaba was commonly referenced in omen texts, which highlighted his

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narrating Gilgamesh's heroic exploits. The opening of the poem describes Gilgamesh as "one-third human, two-thirds divine". Very little evidence of worship of Gilgamesh comes from times later than the Old Babylonian period. A late source states that he was worshiped during ceremonies connected to the

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in one text. It has been proposed that the presence of Ama-Arhus in late theophoric names from Uruk explains why Gula appears to not be attested in them, despite being worshiped in the city. It is possible that she was merely viewed as her manifestation or synonym, as she is not otherwise attested in

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are the only deities in existence. A male-female pair, they mate and Tiamat gives birth to the first generation of gods. Ea (Enki) slays Abzu and Tiamat gives birth to eleven monsters to seek vengeance for her lover's death. Eventually, Marduk, the son of Enki and the national god of the Babylonians,

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Bes was the Egyptian god of play and recreation. He was envisioned as a "full-faced, bow-legged dwarf with an oversized head, goggle eyes, protruding tongue, bushy tail and usually a large feathered crown as a head-dress." Representations of an almost identical dwarf-god became widespread across the

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The reading of the name of this goddess, NIN.SAR (possibly to be understood as "Lady Herbs"), is uncertain, with Ninšar being favored by authors such as Andrew R. George and Wilfred G. Lambert, while Antonie Cavigneaux and Martin Krebernik argue Ninnisig is more likely to be correct. She belonged to

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Ninegal or Ninegalla, known in Akkadian as Belet Ekallim (both meaning "lady of the palace") was a minor goddess regarded as a tutelary deity of palaces of kings and other high-ranking officials. She was the wife of Urash, the city god of Dilbat, and was worshiped alongside him and their son Lagamar

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Ki was a Sumerian goddess who was the personification of the earth. In some Sumerian accounts, she is a primordial being who copulates with An to produce a variety of plants. An and Ki collectively were an object of worship in Umma and Lagash in the Ur III period, but the evidence for worship of her

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Ishum was a popular, but not very prominent god, who was worshipped from the Early Dynastic Period onwards. In a fragmentary myth, he is described as the son of Shamash and Ninlil, but he was usually the son of Shamash and his wife Aya. The former genealogy was likely the result of confusion between

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from the neo-Assyrian period attempted to merge the roles of Marduk and Anshar, which Wilfred G. Lambert described as "completely superficial in that it leaves the plot in chaos by attributing Marduk's part to his great-grandfather, without making any attempt to iron out the resulting confusion." In

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Ninlil was the wife of Enlil, the ruler of the gods. She was not associated with any city of her own, serving primarily as Enlil's spouse, and as such was probably an artificially created deity, invented as a female equivalent to Enlil. She was nonetheless regarded as having power on par with Enlil;

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and one of his most prominent myths was an account of how he was conceived and how he made his way from the Underworld to Nippur. A theological system where Nanna, rather than Enlil, was the king of gods, is known from a text from the Old Babylonian period; in the preserved fragment Enlil, Anu, Enki

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An Eblaite goddess of pre-Semitic and pre-Hurrian origin. She was among the western deities introduced in Mesopotamia in the Ur III period, and shared temples with Belet Nagar in Ur and with Dagan in Nippur. Due to association with Ishtar she developed into a love goddess, associated with marriage.

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Allani, in Mesopotamia known as Allatum, was the Hurrian goddess of the underworld. She was introduced in Mesopotamia in the Ur III period as an independent deity. She had at least one temple, likely located in Ur. She continued to be worshiped in the Old Babylonian period. In later periods she was

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Urmahlullu was an apotrapaic creature with the lower body of a lion and upper body of a man, attested mostly in Assyria. Depictions are late (13th century BCE or later) and uncommon, and it is doubtful if any role was assigned to it in mythology. Apotropaic rituals nonetheless occasionally refer to

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Shulpa-e's name means "youthful brilliance", but he was not envisioned as youthful god. According to one tradition, he was the consort of Ninhursag, a tradition which contradicts the usual portrayal of Enki as Ninhursag's consort in myths. In one Sumerian poem, offerings are made to Shulpa'e in the

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Nungal, also known as Manungal, was the goddess of prisons, also associated with the death penalty. Her name means "great prince(ss)" in Sumerian. She is rarely attested in literary compositions. In the so-called Weidner god list she appears among chthonic deities, and she was sometimes referred to

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Martu, in Akkadian known as Amurru, was the divine personification of the nomads who began to appear on the edges of the Mesopotamian world in the middle of the third millennium BC, initially from the west, but later from the east as well. He was described as a deity who "rages over the land like a

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and Anthony Green, he "represented fire in all its aspects: as a destructive force and as the burning heat of the Mesopotamian summer; and as a creative force, the fire in the blacksmith's furnace and the fire in the kiln where bricks are baked, and so as a 'founder of cities'." He is traditionally

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and charioteer of the sun-god Utu. He was worshipped at Sippar and Uruk during the Old Babylonian Period and later worshipped at Assur. According to some accounts, he may have been Utu's son. However, in Sippar he was regarded as the son in law of Utu's Akkadian counterpart Shamash instead, and the

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Annunitum ("the martial one") was initially an epithet of Ishtar, but later a separate goddess. She is first attested in documents from the Ur III period. She was a warrior goddess who shared a number of epithets with Ishtar. It is possible she was depicted with a trident-like weapon on seals. In

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phrase meaning "forever and ever") were ancestors of Anu according to the so-called "Anu theogony." They represented "eternal time as a prime force in creation," and it is likely they developed as a personified form of a preexisting cosmological belief. A single text identifies them as ancestors of

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Inanna, later known as Ishtar, is "the most important female deity of ancient Mesopotamia at all periods." She was the Sumerian goddess of love, sexuality, prostitution, and war. She was the divine personification of the planet Venus, the morning and evening star. Accounts of her parentage vary; in

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Belet Nagar was the tutelary goddess of the Syrian city of Nagar. She was introduced in Mesopotamia in the Ur III period, likely due to her connection to kingship and due to her role as a divine witness to commercial treaties. It is possible that "Haburitum" known from similar Mesopotamian sources

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Pazuzu is a demonic god who was well known to the Babylonians and Assyrians throughout the first millennium BC. He is shown with "a rather canine face with abnormally bulging eyes, a scaly body, a snake-headed penis, the talons of a bird and usually wings." He was believed to be the son of the god

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Mušḫuššu ("furious snake" or "awful snake") was a dragon-like creature (sometimes a lion-dragon hybrid), depicted as a servant of various gods in Mesopotamian art. It was originally associated with Ninazu and, by extension, with his son Ningishzida (in Lagash); after Tishpak replaced Ninazu as the

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Numushda was a god who was associated with the city of Kazallu. His worship is attested from the Early Dynastic Period, but his cult seems to have ceased at the end of the Old Babylonian Period. He was believed to be the son of the moon-god Nanna and may have been regarded as a storm deity. In the

3779:. He is mentioned as a god alongside Ninsun in a list of deities as early as the Early Dynastic Period. A brief fragment of a myth about him from this same time period is also preserved. During the Third Dynasty of Ur, all the kings would offer sacrifices to Lugalbanda as a god in the holy city of 1953:

Lugaldukuga was the father of Enlil in some traditions, though sometimes he was instead referred to as his grandfather. Like Enmesharra he was regarded as a vanquished theogonic figure, and sometimes the two were equated. He might be analogous to Endukuga, another ancestor of Enlil from god lists.

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Ishkur, later known as Adad or Hadad (from the root *hdd, "to thunder"), was the Mesopotamian god of storms and rain. In northern Mesopotamia, where agriculture relied heavily on rainfall, he was among the most prominent deities, and even in the south he ranked among the "great gods." In god lists

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Enlil, later known as Ellil, is the god of wind, air, earth, and storms and the chief of all the gods. The Sumerians envisioned Enlil as a benevolent, fatherly deity, who watches over humanity and cares for their well-being. One Sumerian hymn describes Enlil as so glorious that even the other gods

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An (in Sumerian), later known as Anu (in Akkadian), was the supreme God and "prime mover in creation", embodied by the sky. He is the first and most distant ancestor, theologically conceived as the God of Heaven in its "transcendental obscurity". In some theological systems all of the deities were

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Simut was an Elamite god associated with Mars, regarded as herald of the gods. His name was used as a theophoric element in Old Babylonian personal names, while god lists associate him with Nergal. It is possible the Akkadian goddess Manzat, who became a popular deity in Elam, was regarded as his

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Uridimmu ("mad dog" or "mad lion") was an apotropaic creature in Mesopotamian mythology. Next to nothing is known about its history prior the Middle Babylonian period, but in texts from this era it was associated with Marduk and his wife Sarpanit, and was believed to serve as their gatekeeper. An

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Suhurmašu was a creature likely imagined simply as a type of fish by the Sumerians, but as a fish-goat hybrid by the Akkadians. A Sumerian text refers to it as "the lofty purification priest of the Apsu," and in apotropaic rituals it was associated with exorcisms. It was also used to symbolically

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Sumugan (also spelled Sumuqan) or Šakkan was a god associated with quadrupeds, especially donkeys or alternatively wild sheep. In literary texts (such as hymns) he was also tasked with caring for their habitat and plants growing there. In some texts his epithet is "shepherd of everything." He was

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called him a son of Ashur instead. Initially his wife was Ishtar of Kish (regarded as separate from Ishtar of Uruk), but after the Old Babylonian period she was replaced by Bau in this role, and continued to be worshiped independently from him. In some texts Zababa uses weapons usually associated

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Utu, later known as Shamash, is the ancient Mesopotamian god of the Sun, who was also revered as the god of truth, justice, and morality. He was the son of Nanna and the twin brother of Inanna. Utu was believed to see all things that happen during the day and to aid mortals in distress. Alongside

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Ninkasi was the goddess of beer. She was associated with Širaš, the goddess of brewing. In one hymn her parents are said to be Enki and Ninti, though it also states she was raised by Ninhursag. Sometimes Ninkasi was viewed as a male deity. In the so-called Weidner god list, Ninkasi appears among

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Ningal ("great queen"), later known by the corrupted form Nikkal, was the wife of Nanna-Suen, the god of the moon, and the mother of Utu, the god of the sun. Though she was worshiped in all periods of ancient Mesopotamian history, her role is described as "passive and supportive" by researchers.

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The Mesopotamian pantheon evolved greatly over the course of its history. In general, the history of Mesopotamian religion can be divided into four phases. During the first phase, starting in the fourth millennium BC, deities' domains mainly focused on basic needs for human survival. During the

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are cognate, they weren't entirely the same deity, but merely developed in parallel from one source. She was described as "daughter in law of the god An." A temple dedicated to her, Ehilikalamma ("House of the luxury of the land") existed in Babylon. In past scholarship Ashratu was incorrectly

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Siduri (or more accurately Šiduri) was a goddess who according to the Epic of Gilgamesh was believed to keep an alehouse at the edge of the world. In the Old Babylonian versions, she attempts to dissuade Gilgamesh from his quest for immortality, instead urging him to be content with the simple

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Bau was a prominent goddess of Lagash, and some of its kings regarded her as their divine mother. She was also a healing goddess, though unlike other healing goddesses she only developed such a function at some point in her history. She was the wife of Ningirsu, and rose to prominence in third

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describes how, in one ritual, Nabu and Tashmetu's statues would be brought together for a "marriage ceremony". One extant letter describes how, after their wedding, Tashmetu and Nabu stayed in the bedchamber for six days and seven nights, during which time they were served an elaborate feast.

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Mandanu was a divine judge, attested after the Old Babylonian period, but absent from older god lists such as the so-called Weidner and Nippur lists. According to assyriologist Manfred Krebernik he can be considered a personification of places of judgment. He belonged to the circle of deities

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explain that Sud was the goddess' name before she married Enlil, receiving the name Ninlil. However, Sud was originally an independent deity who was close in character to Sudag, an alternate name of the wife of Shamash; the confusion between Sudag and Sud(/Ninlil) is reflected in a myth where

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Nanaya was a goddess of love (including erotic love and lust). She was commonly invoked in spells connected to this sphere. Her worship was widespread, and she appears frequently in the textual record. She was also involved in intercession and was regarded as "lady of lamma," a class of minor

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in one poem, Ninlil declares, "As Enlil is your master, so am I also your mistress!" In documents from the Ur III period, Ninlil was believed to be able to determine fates much like husband, and the pair was jointly regarded as the source of royal power by kings. Sud, the tutelary goddess of

2545:, but this may be a local hero, not the same as the god of healing. According to Alfonso Archi, the Eblaite Damu should be understood as the deified concept of a kinship group rather than a personified deity. The official cult of Damu became extinct sometime after the Old Babylonian Period. 2115:

and a single mythical composition. Thorkild Jacobsen identifies her as a leech goddess. As noted by assyriologist Nathan Wasserman, however, leeches are only attested with certainty in late medical texts, and the image of a leech in Mesopotamian literature is that of "a non-divine, harmful

2977:

eventually take Dumuzid away after he is betrayed by an unnamed "friend", but Inanna decrees that he and Geshtinanna will alternate places every six months, each spending half the year in the Underworld while the other stays in Heaven. While she is in the Underworld, Geshtinanna serves as

2427:

dead, alongside Dumuzi and Ninishzida. In incantations he commonly appeared alongside minor underworld deities such as Ningishzida, Geshtinanna, or Namtar and his family. There are also attestations of Gilgamesh as a servant of Nergal and Ereshkigal, specifically a ferryman of the dead.

1779:

periods in the early second millennium BC. A category of primordial beings common in incantations were pairs of divine ancestors of Enlil and less commonly of Anu. In at least some cases these elaborate genealogies were assigned to major gods to avoid the implications of divine incest.

5973:

their fearsome characters they were viewed as a source of protection as well, and as such appear on apotropaic amulets. Similar leonine creatures were sometimes depicted or described as servings the gods (notably Ishkur, Ishtar, Marduk and Ninurta) as mounts or pulling their chariots.

5010:, "to carry." It is sometimes assumed he was Nergal's son. It has been argued that such a connection could be a reflection of the location of his cult center, Ṣupur-Šubula, in the proximity of Nergal's city, Kutha. However, as noted by Jeremiah Peterson, it is unclear if the god list 2822:

Erra is a warlike god who is associated with pestilence and violence. He is the son of the sky-god An and his wife is an obscure, minor goddess named Mami, who is different from the mother goddess with the same name. As early as the Akkadian Period, Erra was already associated with

2396:, the king of Uruk adopted Gilgamesh as his patron deity. The kings of the Third Dynasty of Ur were especially fond of Gilgamesh, calling him their "divine brother" and "friend". During this period, a large number of myths and legends developed surrounding him. Probably during the 4913:Šerua was an Assyrian goddess associated with Ashur. She was the only deity regarded as related to him for reasons other than syncretism with Enlil, but Assyrian theological treatises disputed if she was his wife or daughter. She should not be confused with Erua, an epithet of 2219:. He eventually became regarded as a god of magical knowledge and was thought to be the son of Enki and Ninhursag. He was later absorbed as an aspect of Marduk. In the standard Babylonian magical tradition, the name "Asarluhi" is used as merely an alternative name for Marduk. 6185:

to many cities in the Mesopotamian part of his empire, including Babylon. These efforts are thought to have been directed at the Iranian population of the city to tie regional courts to the imperial core rather than as an attempt to impose Persian deities on the Babylonians.

5785:

Lahmu ("hairy one") was a type of apotropaic creature. He was originally associated with Enki and later with Marduk. On cylinder seals Lahmu was sometimes depicted as a fisherman. In mythical texts, the god Enki/Ea is sometimes said to have 50 lahmu serving him. During the

905:

Ninhursag ("Mistress of the mountain ranges"), also known as Damgalnuna, Ninmah, Nintur and Aruru, was the Mesopotamian mother goddess. Her primary functions were related to birth (but generally not to nursing and raising children, with the exception of sources from early

4170:

Ningirida was the wife of Ninazu and mother of Ningishzida and his two sisters. A passage describing Ningirida taking care of baby Ningishzida is regarded as one of the only references to deities in their infancy and to goddesses breastfeeding in Mesopotamian literature.

1670:

Nisaba was originally a goddess of grain and agriculture, but, starting in the Early Dynastic Period, she developed into a goddess of writing, accounting, and scribal knowledge. Her main cult city, Eresh, was evidently prominent in early periods, but after the reign of

6597:" (either the river or the area surrounding it) or "she of the city Ḫabura." The former option is considered more plausible, as her cult center was apparently Sikani, located near the head of the river Khabur, rather than Ḫabura, which was instead located near modern 1724:

with Ninurta and fights his mythical enemies, and on occasion he was called the "Nergal of Kish," but all 3 of these gods were regarded as separate. In one list of deities he is called "Marduk of battle." His primary symbol was a staff with the head of an eagle. His

5093: 5493:

Imdugud, later known as Anzû, is an enormous bird-like monster with the head of a lion described as so huge that the flapping of its wings was thought to be the cause of sandstorms and whirlwinds. Imdugud probably originated as the personification of atmospheric

1623:, she pleads with the gods Enlil, Nanna and finally Enki in effort to persuade them to rescue Inanna from the Underworld. She was regarded as a wise adviser of her divine masters and human rulers alike. In addition to being the sukkal of Inanna, she also served 2615:). However, her name shows no etymological affinity with any attested terms related to sheep, and it has been suggested that while she was definitely a goddess associated with livestock and pastoralism, she was not necessarily exclusively connected with sheep. 491:

Enki, later known as Ea, and also occasionally referred to as Nudimmud or Ninšiku, was the god of the subterranean freshwater ocean, who was also closely associated with wisdom, magic, incantations, arts, and crafts. He was either the son of An, or the goddess

6763:

Kumarbi was one of the main gods of the Hurrians, regarded as partially analogous to Enlil (and Dagan) due to his role as "father of the gods." He had a chthonic character and was associated with grain and prosperity. In Mesopotamia he appears in the Assyrian

1042:), fevers, plagues, and war. In myths, he causes destruction and devastation. In the neo-Babylonian period in many official documents Nergal is listed immediately after the supreme gods Marduk and Nabu, and before such prominent deities as Shamash and Sin. 3529:

is scarce and her name was sometimes written without the dingir sign denoting divinity. A fragmentary late neo-Assyrian god list appears to consider her and another figure regarded as the wife of Anu, Urash, as one and the same, and refers to "Ki-Urash."

5358:

Uṣur-amāssu was one of the deities regarded as children of Adad and Shala. While initially viewed as male, she came to be regarded as a goddess and achieved a degree of prominence in Neo-Babylonian Uruk, where she belonged to the entourage of Ishtar.

4062:

Nimintabba was a minor goddess who belonged to the entourage of Nanna, the tutelary god of Ur. She had a temple in Ur during the reign of king Shulgi. It is possible she was initially a deity of greater theological importance, but declined with time.

96:, meaning "fear". Deities were almost always depicted wearing horned caps, consisting of up to seven superimposed pairs of ox-horns. They were also sometimes depicted wearing clothes with elaborate decorative gold and silver ornaments sewn into them. 2536:

Damu was a god who presides over healing and medicine. He was the son of Ninisina or of Gula. In some texts, "Damu" is used as another name for Dumuzid, but this may be a different word meaning "son". Another god named "Damu" was also worshipped in

4234:

popular saying, when a mouse fled from a mongoose into a serpent's hole, it announced, "I bring you greetings from the snake-charmer!" A creature resembling a mongoose also appears in Old Babylonian glyptic art, but its significance is not known.

2240:

Ashgi was one of the main gods of Adab in the Early Dynastic and Sargonic periods. It is unclear if he was initially the spouse or the son of the goddess Nintu, analogous to Ninhursag. In later periods he was viewed as her son, and her husband

981:

from his father Enlil and, in a myth that is alluded to in many works but never fully preserved, he killed a group of warriors known as the "Slain Heroes". Ninurta was also an agricultural deity and the patron god of farmers. In the epic poem

2729:. It has been pointed out that Dumuzi does not appear in any of the texts where Enkimdu occurs alongside Amurru, which might indicate that in this case the latter was meant to serve as a shepherd god contrasted with Enkimdu in a similar way. 922:. She was also associated with the city of Kesh, where she replaced the local goddess Nintur, and she was sometimes referred to as the "Bēlet-ilī of Kesh" or "she of Kesh". It is possible her emblem was a symbol similar to later Greek letter 3336:

One of the 11 "standing gods of Ebabbar," divine judges assisting Shamash, as well as a member of various Assyrian groups of judge deities. While Akkadian in origin (the name means "he (or she) heard the payer), Ishmekarab also appears in

4970:, northeast of Babylon, indicates that he may have also been worshipped there. He was also a warrior god and is referred to as a "hero of An". In the Babylonian myth of Anzû, Shara is one of the warrior gods who is asked to retrieve the 1749:. The earliest accounts of creation are simple narratives written in Sumerian dating to the late third millennium BC. These are mostly preserved as brief prologues to longer mythographic compositions dealing with other subjects, such as 1267:, with some sources (ex. from Nippur) indicating she was exalted above Ningirsu. While the original Lagashite cult of Bau declined alongside the city, she continued to be prominent in Kish in northern Babylonia, where she arrived in the 6651:: "Lord of Susa") was one of the main Elamite gods. He was associated with kingship and the underworld, and served as the tutelary god of Susa. In some Mesopotamian texts he appears as an underworld god, for example in the god list 4555:(312 BC – 63 BC). She was sometimes regarded as the astral aspect of Inanna, but in Isin she was instead associated with Ninisina and in Larsa Ninsianna and Inanna were separate goddesses. She was also sometimes associated with the 2560:

Dingirma was a goddess from Kesh regarded as analogous to Ninhursag. Her name means "exalted deity." While in literary texts the names Dingirma and Ninhursag can alternate, administrative texts from Kesh exclusively use the former.

5790:(911 BC – 609 BC), figurines of Lahmu, who is depicted with long hair and a long, curled beard, were placed under the foundations of houses and temples to protect against demons and pestilence. Lahmu is closely associated with the 2845:

Erragal, also known as Errakal, is a relatively rarely-attested deity who was usually regarded as a form of Erra, but the two gods are probably of separate origin. He is connected with storms and the destruction caused by them. In

4443:

Ninmena was a Sumerian goddess of birth whose name means "Lady of the Crown". Although syncretised with more prominent similar goddesses (like Ninhursag) in literary texts, she never fully merged with them in Sumerian tradition.

2003:

slays Tiamat and uses her body to create the earth. In the Assyrian version of the story, it is Ashur who slays Tiamat instead. Tiamat was the personification of the primeval waters and it is hard to tell how the author of the

1408:(boundary stones), Ištaran is often represented by a serpent, which may be Nirah or Ištaran himself. It is also possible that he's the god with an ophidian lower body known from cylinder seals. In a ritual associated with the 3199:

of Lagash refers to him as the "herald of the land of Sumer" in one inscription. His wife might have originally been Dumuzi-abzu, though later he was regarded as the husband of Ninmug due to syncretism between him and Ishum.

643:

initiated the trend of writing his name with the same signs as that of Anshar, a primordial being regarded as Anu's father in the theology of Enuma Elish. He may have originally been a local deity associated with the city of

5315:

While in texts from cities such as Nippur Uraš was an earth goddess, in Dilbat it was the name of an unrelated male god, husband of Ninegal, who served as the city's tutelary deity. He was regarded as the father of Lagamar.

5533:

Bašmu ("venomous snake") was a mythical horned snake who played an apotropaic role in Mesopotamian religion. While in some contexts its name can be a generic word designating any mythical snake or dragon, as early as in

4004:

storm". One myth describes how the daughter of the god Numušda insists on marrying Martu, despite his unattractive habits. In Old Babylonian and Kassite art, Amurru is shown as a god dressed in long robes and carrying a

6260:

In Mesopotamia and Syria, Artemis was identified with the goddess Nanaya. This identification had a long-lasting influence on Nanaya by introducing associations with the moon and archery. The cult of Apollo and Artemis

1311:, however evidence such as theophoric names indicates that the weather god's popularity only grew in later periods under the Akkadian name. Hadad is already attested as the name of the weather god in early sources from 168:

2144 – 2124 BC) and the Third Dynasty of Ur. This term usually referred to the major deities of heaven and earth, endowed with immense powers, who were believed to "decree the fates of mankind". Gudea described them as

3976:. Her titles, such as "Lady of regulations of heaven" and "Companion of heaven" highlighted her astral character, though she was also associated with prosperity of cities. Outside Mesopotamia she was also worshiped in 1420:. His national cult fell into decline during the Middle Babylonian Period, though he still appeared in documents such as neo-Assyrian land grants. However, in Der he continued to be venerated in later periods as well. 3505:, "lady of the sorceresses." However, her character and functions remain unclear. It has been proposed that her name was originally a term for a location in the netherworld due to its similarity to the Sumerian word 2045:

Alammush was the sukkal of Nanna. He appears very rarely in known literary texts, though in one case, possibly a fragment of a myth about Nanna going on a journey, he is described as "suitable for justice like Utu."

1714:

Zababa was a war god who served as the tutelary deity of Kish. His main temple was E-mete-ursag. The earliest attestation of him comes from the Early Dynastic Period. During the reign of Old Babylonian kings such as

5082:

Underworld and, in later sources, he was one of the demons of the Underworld. No less than ten temples of Shulpa'e are listed in the so-called Canonical Temple List, but their names and locations are not preserved.

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and in a single building inscription from the Third Dynasty of Ur, Shara is described as Inanna's "son", a tradition which runs directly contrary to the usual portrayal of Inanna as youthful and without offspring.

5754:

Kusarikku ("bison man") was a creature depicted as a human-faced bison standing on its hind legs, associated with the sun god Utu. Depictions of kusarikku alongside lahmu were sometimes incorrectly interpreted as

1849:. It has been argued that she was one and the same as the primordial deity, but this view is not universally accepted and Manfred Krebernik argues it cannot be presently established if they were one and the same. 1386:. He was regarded as a divine judge, and kings were said to "render justice like Ištaran." A text from the late Early Dynastic Period invokes Ištaran to resolve a boundary dispute between the cities of Lagash and 2576:

Dumuzi-abzu is a local goddess who was the tutelary goddess of Kinunir, a settlement in the territory of the state of Lagash. Her name, which probably means "good child of the Abzu", was sometimes abbreviated to

2585:. It is possible that in Early Dynastic and Sargonic sources the name Dumuzi often referred to Dumuzi-abzu and not to the husband of Inanna. It is assumed that she belonged to the circle of deities connected to 597:, he eventually came to parallel Enlil as the chief of the gods. Some late sources go as far as omitting Enlil and Anu altogether, and state that Ea received his position from Marduk. His wife was the goddess 6791:

addressed to Urtaku, an Elamite ruler, as one of the deities meant to guarantee peace between the two monarchs, alongside Assyrian gods Ashur, Bel, Nabu, Sin, Shamash, Ishtar of Nineveh and Ishtar of Arbela.

5728:, a creature whose identity is currently unknown, rather than a human. Kulullu was described as a servant of Ea who carries a vessel from which it could pour a liquid symbolizing abundance and prosperity. In 1217:

Gula, Ninkarrak and Nintinugga all figure as separate deities with own courts. Dogs were associated with many healing goddesses and Gula in particular is often shown in art with a dog sitting beside her.

635:, or perhaps the hill atop which it was built. He initially lacked any connections to other deities, having no parents, spouse or children. The only goddess related to him, though in an unclear way, was 4404:

Ninmada was a god regarded as a brother of Ninazu, who was described as a snake charmer in the service of An or Enlil. A goddess bearing the same name appears among the assistants of Ninmah in the myth

2800:, a farmer and a shepherd respectively. The two gods argue and Emesh lays claim to Enten's position. They take the dispute before Enlil, who rules in favor of Enten. The two gods rejoice and reconcile. 2654:, a farmer and a shepherd respectively. The two gods argue and Emesh lays claim to Enten's position. They take the dispute before Enlil, who rules in favor of Enten. The two gods rejoice and reconcile. 1485:

and the interpretation of dreams, but was also believed to assist the poor and the impoverished and ensure the accuracy of weights and measurements. She was also associated with fish and waterfowl. The

19108: 5946:

Unlike many other apotropaic creatures, it doesn't appear as a member of Tiamat's army defeated by Marduk in Enuma Elish, which might indicate it was viewed as more peaceful than other similar beings.

5890:

back to the Underworld. Amulets bearing his image were positioned in dwellings to protect infants from Lamashtu and pregnant women frequently wore amulets with his head on them as protection from her.

1654: 21046: 3396:, or personal attendant, of Enki. His name is related to the word meaning "having two faces" and he is shown in art with a face on either side of his head. He acts as Enki's messenger in the myths of 181:, which doesn't necessarily contradict the conventional definition of Anunnaki and doesn't explicitly identify them as gods of the Underworld. Unambiguous references to Anunnaki as chthonic come from 3649:

Lahar was a god associated with sheep. Research shows that he was usually regarded as a male deity, though he was initially interpreted as a goddess in Samuel Noah Kramer's translations. In the poem

5390:, in which she resists the sexual advances of her father Enki but he convinces her to let him in using a gift of fresh produce and the promise that he will marry her. Enki then intoxicates her with 3659:

are created by the Anunnaki to provide them with food. They produce large amounts of food, but become drunk with wine and start to quarrel, so Enki and Enlil intervene, declaring Ashnan the victor.

2986:. According to Julia M. Asher-Greve she was connected in myths to Geshtindudu, another minor goddess, by friendship alone, an uncommon connection between otherwise unrelated Mesopotamian goddesses. 2895:

are created by the Anunnaki to provide them with food. They produce large amounts of food, but become drunk with wine and start to quarrel, so Enki and Enlil intervene, declaring Ashnan the victor.

3129:. Haya was primarily a god of scribes, but he may have also been associated with grain and agriculture. He also served as a doorkeeper. In some texts, he is identified as the father of the goddess 2673:

sources the name Ninbilulu is also attested, though it's uncertain if it should be considered an alternate form, or a separate, possibly female, deity. The relation between Enbilulu, Ninbilulu and

6519:. While Hurrians did not worship this pair as personified deities, in Mesopotamia they appear as primordial gods in a handful of texts. Hamurnu (Hahharnum) alone appears in a copy of the god list 2343:

Belet-Seri ("mistress of the steppe") was a goddess who acted as the scribe of the underworld. She could be identified with Geshtinanna or with Gubarra, the Sumerian name of the spouse of Amurru,

7049:

Shuwala, the tutelary goddess of Mardaman, a city located in the north of modern Iraq, is attested in sources from the Ur III period. She is assumed to be an underworld deity of Hurrian origin.

2725:

in 1944. Initially it was assumed that it would end with Inanna choosing Enkimdu, but this interpretation was abandoned after more editions were compiled. In laments, he could be associated with

5164:

pleasures in life. The origin of her name is uncertain. A personal name understood as "she is my rampart" is attested in Mesopotamian sources from the reign of Third Dynasty of Ur, but the word

3904:

Mammitum was one of the goddesses who could be identified as the wife of Nergal. In the Old Babylonian period, she is the best attested among them. It is possible she was originally the wife of

1643:

times. Ninshubur was popular in the sphere of personal religion, for example as tutelary deity of a specific family, due to the belief she could mediate between humans and higher ranking gods.

5032:

both of them appear in association with Adad. Their character was regarded as destructive. They could be associated with Adad, either alone, alongside Shamash, or deities from his circle like

4791:, the patron goddess of Isin. In some texts, he is identified with Ninurta or Ningirsu. One Sumerian poem describes Pabilsag's journey to Nippur. Pabilsag was believed to be the constellation 1775:

could not have been written any earlier than the late second millennium BC, but it draws heavily on earlier materials, including various works written during the Akkadian, Old Babylonian, and

3587:, a type of prayers asking for help with an individual's problems. She was regarded as the personification of a type of ritual censer. A late text states that "the duck is the bird of Kusu." 6377:

Terracotta figurines of Athena are known from Seleucid Babylon, and she is also one of the most popular deities depicted on bullae from Seleucid Mesopotamia, which depict Athena of both the

111:

were given constant care and attention and a set of priests were assigned to tend to them. These priests would clothe the statues and place feasts before them so they could "eat". A deity's

5860:

destruction of Babylon. The apotropaic use of its depictions was likely connected to the belief that it served as a fearless protector of its divine masters, fighting evil on their behalf.

5014:, usually used to support this theory, recognizes him as Nergal's son, as the corresponding section contains a lacuna. Another possible restoration would instead make him the son of Ishum. 19059:

Dalley, Stephanie (2013). "Gods from north-eastern and north-western Arabia in cuneiform texts from the First Sealand Dynasty, and a cuneiform inscription from Tell en-Naṣbeh, c.1500 BC".

5538:

inscriptions it was also understood as a specific creature. Some texts indicate that bašmu possessed forelegs. A largely analogous creature was the muššàtùr, depicted as a horned cobra.

4854:

Sarpanit was the wife of Marduk. Her name was most likely derived from Sarpan, a village near Babylon, which in a myth about her marriage to Marduk was given to her by her father Enlil.

264:

as "Enlil of the gods," possibly reflecting the existence of a similar belief connected to him among his clergy too, though unlike the doctrine of supremacy of the moon god, accepted by

3091:Ĝatumdug was a goddess from the early pantheon of Lagash. While the meaning of her name is unknown, she was described as the city's mother, or its founder. According to inscriptions of 2466:, he leads Inanna through the seven gates of the underworld, removing one of her garments at each gate so that when she comes before Ereshkigal she is naked and symbolically powerless. 1970:. She eventually came to be regarded as the mother of Enki and was revered as an important mother goddess. Because the cuneiform sign used to write her name is the same as the sign for 6523:, where he is also explained as a name of Anu. Prior to the discovery that their names have Hurrian origin, Hahharnum and Hayashum were described as "little known primordial deities." 20532: 6578:

shows that his worship was adopted by Persians as well from the Elamites. While commonly proposed in the past, a connection between Humban and Humbaba is now regarded as implausible.

2264:

Aruru was initially a distinct minor goddess, regarded as violent and connected to vegetation; however, despite lack of a connection to birth or creation she was later conflated with

20031: 6303:. In addition to being envisioned as a couple, they shared an association with mountains and steppes. According to Steve A. Wiggins, while the names of the Mesopotamian Ashratum and 3423:, because the both of them are said to have been the husband of the goddess Ninmug. He was sometimes associated with the Underworld and was believed to exert a calming influence on 6347:

in Upper Mesopotamia in Seleucid and Roman times. In the syncretic environment of the Upper Euphrates in the early centuries CE, Atargatis was associated with Artemis, Athena, and

6214:

kings favoured Apollo as the patron deity of their dynasty and introduced his cult to Mesopotamia. Locally, Apollo was syncretised with Nabu, but the Greek-speaking communities of

5123:, where she is one of the seven assistants of the eponymous goddess, alongside Ninimma, Ninmada, Ninšar, Ninmug, Mumudu and Ninnigina. She could also be addressed as a daughter of 4966:

Shara was a local deity associated with the city of Umma, where his main temple was the E-mah. A fragment of a stone bowl inscribed with his name discovered in the rubbish dump at

4719:. Her husband was the god Birtum. The name Ninegal was sometimes used as her epithet, and it is possible in Dilbat she and the distinct goddess Ninegal were regarded as analogous. 4201:

Ninimma was a courtier of Enlil regarded as his scribe and sometimes as the nurse of his children. Like other goddesses from Enlil's circle she had a temple in Nippur. In the myth

236:. However, newer research shows that the arrangement of the top of the pantheon could vary depending on time period and location. The Fara god list indicates that sometimes Enlil, 23905: 18648: 276:

became the supreme god in Babylonia, and some late sources omit Anu and Enlil altogether and state that Ea received his position from Marduk. In some neo-Babylonian inscriptions

17821: 3419:

Sud (Ninlil) and Sudag, a title of the sun god's wife. He was a generally benevolent deity, who served as a night watchman and protector. He may be the same god as the Sumerian

1372:, which was located east of the Tigris river on the border between Mesopotamia and Elam. His wife was the goddess Šarrat-Dēri, whose name means "Queen of Der", or alternatively 1193:

A prominent place in the Mesopotamian pantheon was occupied by healing goddesses, regarded as divine patronesses of doctors and medicine-workers. Multiple such deities existed:

5821:

Lamashtu was a goddess with the "head of a lion, the teeth of a donkey, naked breasts, a hairy body, hands stained (with blood?), long fingers and fingernails, and the feet of

2392:

2900–2350 BC). It is certain that, during the later Early Dynastic Period, Gilgamesh was worshipped as a god at various locations across Sumer. In the twenty-first century BC,

21303: 4209:, called "Ea of the goldsmith" in an explanatory text. Occasional references to Ninimma as a male deity are also known, and in this context he was called "Ea of the scribe." 68:, an ambiguous substance which "covered them in terrifying splendor" and which could also be worn by heroes, kings, giants, and even demons. The effect that seeing a deity's 18225: 2095:

of Anu, and it has been proposed that she was originally an epithet of Ninshubur. Assyriologist Frans Wiggermann translates her name as "mother who cannot be pushed aside."

24034: 21577: 23749: 5662:

unusual appearance. His face was frequently compared to entrails of sacrificial animals. While connections to the minor god Humhum from northern Babylonia, to Elamite god

240:

and Enki were regarded as the three most significant deities. Inanna was also the most important deity in Uruk and a number of other political centers in the Uruk period.

4945:

Shala, also known as Medimsha ("having beautiful limbs") was the wife of the weather god Adad. She was a goddess of rain, and was often depicted naked on cylinder seals.

4250:

Ningirama was a goddess associated with incantations, water, and fish, and who was invoked for protection against snakes. It has been argued that she was conflated with

2481:

Bizilla was a goddess closely associated with Nanaya. It is assumed that like her she was a love goddess. She was also most likely regarded as the sukkal of Enlil's wife

1477:

Nanshe was a goddess associated with the state of Lagash, whose cult declined with the loss of political relevance of that city. She was a daughter of Enki and sister of

17870:

Elam and its neighbors recent research and new perspectives: proceedings of the international congress held at Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, September 21–23, 2016

3635:, according to which he exalted the eponymous god in the "lower sea." He could be associated with other deities with marine associations, such as Sirsir and Lugal'abba. 19613:, London, England, New York City, New York, Melbourne, Australia, Toronto, Ontario, New Delhi, India, Auckland, New Zealand, and Rosebank, South Africa: Penguin Books, 973:

Ninurta, also known as Ningirsu, was a Mesopotamian warrior deity who was worshipped in Sumer from the very earliest times. He was the champion of the gods against the

755:

Nanna, Enzu or Zuen ("Lord of Wisdom") in Sumerian, later altered as Suen and Sin in Akkadian, is the ancient Mesopotamian god of the Moon. He was the son of Enlil and

2969:

demons come to drag him down to the Underworld by hiding him in successively in four different places. In another myth about Dumuzid's death, she refuses to tell the

2441:

Birtum was the husband of the prison goddess Nungal. The name, which means "fetter" or "shackle" in Akkadian, is grammatically feminine, but designates a male deity.

6197: 4184:

Ninhegal was a goddess of abundance worshiped in Sippar. It is possible she can be identified as the goddess depicted with streams of water on seals from that city.

5508:

from Enlil. In both stories, the creature is challenged by Ninurta, who defeats him and returns the stolen property to its rightful owner. In the Sumerian story of

1845:. It is possible Alala and Belili were paired together only because both names are iterative. The name Belili could also refer to a goddess regarded as a sister of 1761:. Later accounts are far more elaborate, adding multiple generations of gods and primordial beings. The longest and most famous of these accounts is the Babylonian 6726:, otherwise mostly a symbol of underworld gods, and scorpions, also associated with marriage. According to a Hurrian source she was viewed as a daughter of Enlil. 6549:, and he served an apotropaic function. Figures of Herakles have been found widely in Hatra and the cultic statue of Nergal used the iconography of the Greek god. 4869:Šarrāḫītu ("The glorified one") was a goddess worshiped in Babylon during the reign of Esarhaddon and later in Uruk. She was identified with Ashratum, the wife of 23159: 5294:

Uraš is the earliest attested consort of Anu, as evidenced by Sumerian texts dating to the third millennium BCE. Her role as Anu's consort was later ascribed to

7121:

in neo-Assyrian times. It is assumed that he was analogous to the Hurrian god Nupatik, possibly introduced to Arbela after a statue of him was seized in a war.

648:, but, with the growth of the Assyrian Empire, his cult was introduced to southern Mesopotamia. In Assyrian texts Bel was a title of Ashur, rather than Marduk. 22203: 3292:, but seems to have been completely obscure during all other periods of Mesopotamian history. He was closely associated with the kings of the Akkadian Empire. 1833:

Alala and Belili were ancestors of Anu, usually appearing as the final pair in god lists accepting this tradition of his ancestry. Alala was also adopted into

6426:, beyond the borders of sphere of direct Mesopotamian influence, where the corresponding cities were located. A seal inscription associates both of them with 6141:. Some documents associate her with Išḫara; in Hurrian sources they are well attested as a pair due to some shared functions. She is not to be confused with 21022: 6995:. A temple dedicated to her was located in Babylon as well. She influenced the later Assyrian Ishtar of Nineveh, though the latter also shows influence from 2940:, "the smiling one," which is likely a reference to the frequent mention of smiles in Akkadian erotic literature. Her name is derived from the Akkadian word 323:, Utu was believed to be the Sun, and Nanna was the Moon. However, minor deities could be associated with planets too, for example Mars was sometimes called 22239: 7086:

as the tutelary deity of Eshnunna. He shared most of his functions and attributes (ex. plough, two maces and various snakes and serpentine monsters such as

4547:. Ninsiana's gender varied depending on location. She is described in one text as the "holy torch who fills the heavens" and was frequently associated with 3840:. He seems to have primarily been a warrior-god, but he was also associated with domesticated animals. One hymn calls him the "master of the open country." 3195:

Hendursaga was a Sumerian god described as "protective god with a friendly face" in inscriptions. He was believed to guard streets and gates at night. King

3180:

priestesses of Ningirsu." Her name can be translated as "the maid of the (lofty) way" and refers to a route of processions in Girsu in the state of Lagash.

1462: 23898: 6904:

Musician goddesses always mentioned as a pair who were handmaidens of Shaushka. In Assyria they were incorporated into Ishtar's entourage in her temple in

918:

instead. Initially no city had Ninhursag as its tutelary goddess. Later her main temple was the E-Mah in Adab, originally dedicated to a minor male deity,

205:

seems to have originally been applied to the "great gods", but it later came to refer to all the gods of Heaven collectively. In some instances, the terms

7204:, also written in Babylon, represent the first unambiguous Judahite declaration of the non-existence of foreign deities and proclamation of Yahweh as the 5498:. In some descriptions, he has a "beak like a saw", indicating that he sometimes had the head of a bird. In Sumerian mythology, Imdugud steals the sacred 3924:, a goddess of birth or "divine midwife," some researchers assume they are one and the same. However, it has been proven that they were separate deities, 1323:

was Nimgir, the deified lightning. In addition to being a weather god, Hadad was also a god of law and guardian of oaths, as well as a god of divination (

21364: 23950: 21524: 6534: 3972:

Manzat ("Rainbow") was the Akkadian goddess of the rainbow. She was worshiped in Der, and was sometimes viewed as the wife of the city's tutelary god,

2063:

Ama-arhus (Nin-amaʾarḫuššu; "(lady) compassionate mother") was a sparsely attested Mesopotamian divinity, explained as a title of the medicine goddess

21706: 21167: 18263:

Barjamovic, Gojko (2012). "Propaganda and practice in Assyrian and Persian imperial culture". In Bang, Peter Fibiger; Kolodziejczyk, Dariusz (eds.).

3363:

Irnina was the goddess of victory. She could function as an independent deity from the court of Ningishzida, but also as a title of major goddesses.

1529:, who despite foreign origin had a similar character and attributes. Ninazu was also worshipped at Enegi in southern Sumer. His divine beast was the 19860:, Lanham, Maryland, Boulder, Colorado, New York City, New York, Toronto, Ontario, and Plymouth, England: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc., 24218: 22908: 6166: 5549: 5230:

Tadmuštum was the daughter of Nergal. She could be regarded as the wife of Šubula, and like him appears among underworld deities in known sources.

3836:

Lulal, also known as Latarak in Akkadian, was a god closely associated with Inanna, but their relationship is unclear and ambiguous. He appears in

593:. The expansion of his cult closely paralleled the historical rise of Babylon and, after assimilating various local deities, including a god named 22387:

Die Wettergottgestalten Mesopotamiens und Nordsyriens im Zeitalter der Keilschriftkulturen: Materialien und Studien nach den schriftlichen Quellen

4486:. She is only attested in texts from Ur and Puzrish-Dagan from the Ur III period, though it is also possible that she was worshiped in Gishbanda. 173:(tutelary deities) of all the countries." While it is common in modern literature to assume that in some contexts the term was instead applied to 23891: 7010: 6422:

Belet-Šuḫnir and Belet-Terraban were a pair of goddesses venerated in the Ur III period. They were most likely introduced from the area north of

5255:. Tashmetu is associated with wisdom and sexual attractiveness, a quality which she shares with Inanna and Nanaya. A poetic composition from the 4631:

Nintu is a Sumerian mother goddess associated with childbirth. Her name literally means "Lady of Birth". She may just be an aspect of Ninhursag.

4581:. Later their genders were switched around, possibly due to confusion between the male Mesopotamian Ninsikila and a similarly named goddess from 693:

indicate that Nabu could take precedence even over the supreme Babylonian god Marduk. His cult also spread beyond Mesopotamia, to cities such as

22165:

Potter, David S. (1991). "The Inscriptions on the Bronze Herakles from Mesene: Vologeses IV's War with Rome and the Date of Tacitus'" Annales".

19903: 18920: 4787:

Pabilshag was a god whose worship is attested from the Early Dynastic Period onwards. He was believed to be the son of Enlil and the husband of

3771:

Lugalbanda was an early legendary king of the Sumerian city-state of Uruk, who was later declared to be a god. He is the husband of the goddess

23294:"Haya (god); Spouse of Nidaba/Nissaba, goddess of grain and scribes, he is known both as a "door-keeper" and associated with the scribal arts." 1213:

Eventually Gula became the preeminent healing goddess, and other healing goddesses were sometimes syncretised with her, though in the god list

177:

Underworld deities, this view is regarded as unsubstantiated by assyriologist Dina Katz, who points out that it relies entirely on the myth of

64:. They were thought to possess extraordinary powers and were often envisioned as being of tremendous physical size. The deities typically wore 23301: 19927: 5211:

sometimes associated with Utu/Shamash, as his son or courtier. His attribute was likely fleece. In some sources Enkidu was compared with him.

1933:

Enmesharra was a minor deity of the underworld. Seven, eight or fifteen other minor deities were said to be his offspring. His symbol was the

5335:

Urkitum was in origin an epithet of Ishtar meaning "the Urukean," who eventually developed into a separate goddess. It is possible she was a

2885:

Ezina, or Ashnan in Akkadian, was a goddess of grain. She was commonly associated with Kusu, a goddess of purification. In the Sumerian poem

20503: 6366: 21379: 20015: 18332: 21423: 3612:). He was associated with the underworld. He was also worshiped in Elam, where he was associated with Ishmekarab and the underworld judge 22800: 19045: 3374: 2295:, which could be understood both as "bride" and "daughter in law". She was especially popular during the Old Babylonian Period and the 18187:

Armstrong, James A. (1996), "Uruk", in Fagan, Brian M.; Beck, Charlotte; Michaels, George; Scarre, Chris; Silberman, Neil Asher (eds.),

6848:

Nabarbi ("she of Nawar") was Hurrian goddess possibly analogous to Belet Nagar. In Mesopotamian sources she is attested in the Assyrian

6815:

Meskilak was a Dilmunite goddess and the wife of Inzak. The Mesopotamians viewed her as a daughter of Enki and Ninhursag under the name

4932: 3509:, the entrance to the underworld. In late theological sources she was regarded as Nanaya's hairdresser and one of the two "daughters of 1783:

Figures appearing in theogonies were generally regarded as ancient and no longer active (unlike the regular gods) by the Mesopotamians.

24163: 23955: 23624: 23583: 23542: 23501: 23420: 23101: 22997: 22956: 22767: 22551: 22356: 22055: 21512: 21471: 21142: 21013: 20972: 20931: 20830: 20789: 20748: 20665: 20624: 20583: 20494: 20453: 20412: 20371: 19791: 19415: 19345: 19304: 18911: 18870: 18829: 18745: 18572: 18323: 7229: 6249: 5275:

Tutu was the tutelary god of Borsippa at least between Ur III and Old Babylonian periods. Later he was syncretised with Marduk, and in

4306:, Dumuzid and Ningishzida are described as guarding the gates of the highest Heaven. Ningishzida was associated with the constellation 3783:. Two epic poems about Lugalbanda describe him successfully crossing dangerous mountains alone, though hindered by severe illness. The 3038:, the queen of the Underworld. His name probably originally meant "canal inspector of An" and he may be merely an alternative name for 2194:

documents from Sippar she sometimes appeared as a divine witness. A similarly named and possibly related goddess, Annu, was popular in

19875: 18697: 17805: 5968:

Ugallu ("big day" or "big weather beast") was a class of beings in Mesopotamian mythology, attested after the Ur III period. The term

4205:

she's one of the seven birth goddesses, the other 6 being Shuzianna, Ninmada, Ninshar, Ninmug, Mumudu and Ninniginna. Her husband was

4043:

Nanibgal was initially a title or alternate name of Nisaba, but eventually developed into a distinct goddess attested in the god list

3908:

rather than Nergal, and was only introduced to Kutha alongside him. Her name might mean "oath" or "frost" (based on similarity to the

639:. Later he was syncretized with Enlil, and as a result Ninlil was sometimes regarded as his wife, and Ninurta and Zababa as his sons. 24233: 22065:"Comments on the Translatability of Divinity: Cultic and Theological Responses to the Presence of the Other in the Ancient near East" 1535:, a serpentine dragon-like mythical creature, which was later also associated with Tishpak, Marduk (and by extension Nabu) and after 22456: 20679:

Grenzüberschreitungen Studien zur Kulturgeschichte des Alten Orients: Festschrift für Hans Neumann zum 65. Geburtstag am 9. Mai 2018

3693:. Wilfred G. Lambert proposed that Laṣ was a goddess of healing, as an explanatory version of the Weidner god list equates her with 24088: 21266: 16386: 22884: 18206: 2291:

Sherida (Sumerian) or Aya (Akkadian) was the wife of the sun god Utu/Shamash and the goddess of dawn. Her most common epithet was

1113:

Ereshkigal was the queen of the Mesopotamian Underworld. She lived in a palace known as Ganzir. In early accounts, her husband is

24280: 21544: 17907: 224:, writing in 1963, stated that the three most important deities in the Mesopotamian pantheon during all periods were the deities 6680:

The Sumerians regarded Inzak as the chief god of the Dilmunite pantheon, but the Dilmunites themselves regarded him as a god of

6222:

and honoured the god under the name Apollo, using a mixture of Greek and Mesopotamian iconography. A cult of Apollo and Artemis

3939:

Mamu or Mamud was the daughter of Aya and Shamash, worshiped in Sippar. She was the goddess of dreams. Her husband was Bunene.

1865:

In some myths and god lists, Anshar and Kishar are a primordial couple, who are male and female respectively. In the Babylonian

319:. Many major deities in Sumerian mythology were associated with specific celestial bodies: Inanna was believed to be the planet 20140: 5573:

repudiates her sexual advances. Anu gives it to her and she unleashes it on the world, causing mass destruction. Gilgamesh and

5510: 4732:

Nunusdug was a minor goddess from the city of Kisiga, attested only in the Early Dynastic period. Her name means "good woman."

1588: 6412: 5406:

and plants it in the ground, resulting in the growth of eight new plants, which Enki later eats. She also appears in the myth

4265: 2785: 2682: 2639: 1719:

it was Zababa, rather than Ninurta, who was regarded as the primary war god. He was initially regarded as a son of Enlil, but

1080:

Tammuz, is the ancient Mesopotamian god of shepherds and the primary consort of the goddess Inanna. His sister is the goddess

24039: 23865: 23839: 23819: 23799: 23759: 23719: 23645: 23604: 23439: 23325: 23187: 23153: 23081: 22977: 22794: 22654: 22570: 22395: 22375: 22314: 22282: 22197: 22076: 21993: 21951: 21821: 21700: 21679: 21661: 21604: 21534: 21492: 21389: 21358: 21289: 21236: 21192: 21161: 21100: 21071: 21032: 20686: 20645: 20604: 20282: 20251: 20227: 20089: 20056: 20025: 19993: 19885: 19865: 19839: 19808: 19771: 19678: 19618: 19606: 19557: 19528: 19510: 19463: 19395: 19261: 19234: 19216: 19151: 19133: 19102: 19039: 19016: 18968: 18950: 18930: 18787: 18678: 18660: 18638: 18613: 18593: 18398: 18344: 18254: 18219: 18196: 18133: 18087: 17917: 17877: 17815: 17795: 6923:

An Elamite goddess regarded as analogous to Ishtar by modern researchers, but incorrectly assumed to be an alternate name of

6878:

and developed a distinct apotropaic role as early as in the Old Babylonian period. Mesopotamians viewed her as sister of the

5432:

Wer was a weather god worshiped chiefly in northern Babylonia and in Assyria. He appears in an Old Babylonian version of the

119:

which were normally stored inside their temples and were used to transport their cult statues along waterways during various

23563: 23522: 23481: 23400: 22936: 22747: 22531: 22035: 21451: 21122: 20993: 20952: 20911: 20810: 20769: 20728: 20563: 20474: 20433: 20392: 20351: 20288: 19684: 19325: 19284: 18891: 18850: 18809: 18725: 18552: 18303: 3604:

Lagamar, whose name means "no mercy" in Akkadian was a minor god worshiped in Dilbat as the son of the city's tutelary god,

24228: 24017: 23930: 18777: 7212:

was probably written and compiled after the exile, when the Jews were allowed to return to their homeland by the Persians.

4810:

Panigingarra was a god worshiped in Adab who was the son of Ninhursag and Shulpa'e. One inscription calls him the "lord of

4758:. He was a member of a group of deities that were worshipped in Harran during the Neo-Assyrian Period by the predominately 18581: 3054:

that she is descending to the Underworld to attend the funeral of "Gugalanna, the husband of my elder sister Ereshkigal".

1869:, they are the second pair of offspring born from Abzu and Tiamat and the parents of the supreme An. A partial rewrite of 24310: 23965: 23940: 23922: 8448:"Star-god: Enki/Ea and the biblical god as expressions of a common ancient Near Eastern astral-theological symbol system" 4230:

Ninkilim was a deity who was associated with mongooses, which are common throughout southern Mesopotamia. According to a

2670: 2385: 1918: 22365: 20079: 6931:

proposes that her worship was transmitted there from a Mesopotamian source. An Akkadian god list known from a copy from

2757:

Ennugi was a god regarded as "lord of ditch and canal" and "chamberlain of Enlil." Based on similar meaning of the name

24188: 24125: 24066: 23687: 23058: 6575: 23137: 21202: 17785: 1980:, it is highly probable that she was originally conceived as the personification of the subterranean primeval waters. 24340: 23118: 22612: 21571: 20518: 19963: 19638: 19587: 19481: 19434: 19123: 18987: 18280: 5505: 4971: 978: 22778:

Von Göttern und Menschen: Beiträge zu Literatur und Geschichte des Alten Orients. Festschrift für Brigitte Groneberg

22187: 6745:, Jabru was a god similar to Anu or Enlil. While described as Elamite, he is not attested in any sources from Elam. 4152:

Ningikuga is a goddess of reeds and marshes. Her name means "Lady of the Pure Reed". She is the daughter of Anu and

3809:

Lugal-irra and Meslamta-ea are a set of twin gods who were worshipped in the village of Kisiga, located in northern

1169: 252:

was the king of the gods, and Anu, Enlil and Enki merely his advisers, likely a view espoused by Nanna's priests in

24629: 24093: 23277: 23034: 22217:

Richter, T. (2004). "Untersuchenungen zu den lokalen Panthea Süd- und Mittelbabyloniens in altbabylonidcher Zeit".

21332: 20257: 19088: 18172: 18059: 17999: 17955: 5886:. He was a beneficent entity who protected against winds bearing pestilence and he was thought to be able to force 5724:

Kulullu ("fish man") was an apotropaic creature depicted a centaur-like fish-man. In one text it has the head of a

4254:, the deity of mongooses, at an early date, but she is a distinct deity as late as during the reign of Esarhaddon. 2777: 2631: 1307:

his position is similar to that of Sin, Shamash and Ishtar. Ishkur is already attested as the god of Karkar in the

22150: 20883: 19092: 18485: 18208:

Goddesses in Context: On Divine Powers, Roles, Relationships and Gender in Mesopotamian Textual and Visual Sources

6954:

Shalash was the wife of the Syrian god Dagan. She appears with her husband in cylinder seal inscriptions from the

3252:, "the river that receives man" or "the river which confronts man," could refer both to him and to the procedure. 1874:

other late sources Anshar was sometimes listed among "conquered" mythical antagonists. In a fragmentary text from

437:

could not look upon him. His cult was closely tied to the holy city of Nippur and, after Nippur was sacked by the

24258: 22860: 22231: 5957: 4999: 2918:

to him there in around 100 AD. He was a syncretic deity, combining elements of Greco-Roman and Babylonian cults.

2325: 19855: 4282:

and his name may be etymologically derived from a phrase meaning "Lord of the Good Tree". In the Sumerian poem,

941: 659: 24634: 22720: 22668: 22626: 22503: 22409: 22336: 22007: 21923: 21835: 21635: 21250: 20700: 20243:

Sumerian Mythology: A Study of Spiritual and Literary Achievement in the Third Millennium B.C.: Revised Edition

19563: 17891: 6787:

An Elamite deity known chiefly from a passage mentioning "the forest of Manziniri." She appears in a letter of

3651: 2887: 1011: 248:, rather than Enki, as the third most prominent deity. An Old Babylonian source preserves a tradition in which 24044: 23733: 23693: 23453: 23372: 22584: 22253:

Rogers, John H. (1998), "Origins of the Ancient Astronomical Constellations: I: The Mesopotamian Traditions",

22090: 21965: 21871: 21795: 19969: 19652: 19500: 19206: 18425: 18374: 18101: 7090:). It is agreed that he had foreign roots. While in early scholarly works Hurrian origin (and a connection to 5800:, a singular Lahmu and his consort Lahamu (whose name is derived from the same root) are a primordial couple. 5028:

Shullat and Hanish were a pair of gods regarded as twins, and usually mentioned together. In tablet XI of the

1966:

Nammu is the primordial goddess who, in some Sumerian traditions, was said to have given birth to both An and

24619: 24443: 24154: 23651: 22877:"An/Anu (god): Mesopotamian sky-god, one of the supreme deities; known as An in Sumerian and Anu in Akkadian" 21348: 21090: 20194: 5504:(the clay tablets recording all the aspects of civilization) from Enki. In Akkadian mythology, he steals the 5374:

Uttu was the goddess of weaving. Her name was a term for a part of a loom and a cognate of the Sumerian verb

4102:

in some locations. "Ninegal" could also function as an epithet of other deities, especially Inanna, but also

3317:

in which he tells Anu that the reason why the south wind does not blow is because Adapa, the priest of Ea in

1271:. The city god of Kish, Zababa, became her husband. She remained a major goddess of that city as late as the 914:

of Kish (c. 2700 BCE). She was the wife of Enki, though in some locations (including Nippur) her husband was

713:, where in sources from the late first millennium BCE he is the most frequently attested foreign god next to 291:, the most powerful and important deities in the pantheon were sometimes called the "seven gods who decree": 21720:

James, Peter; Van der Sluijs, Marius Anthony (2008), "Ziggurats, Colors, and Planets: Rawlinson Revisited",

19801:

The other gods who are: studies in Elamite-Iranian acculturation based on the Persepolis fortification texts

18940: 6351:. In Dura-Europos, she had a temple separate from that of Artemis and shared iconographic similarities with 5743: 5585:

after defeating it may be an effort to explain why the constellation seems to be missing its hind quarters.

4609:

Ninsun was a goddess whose name can be understood as "lady of the wild cows." She was the divine consort of

3176:Ḫegir, later known as Ḫegirnunna, was one of the seven deities referred to as "septuplets of Bau" or "seven 885: 24527: 24348: 24275: 21690: 21151: 19453: 5830: 5188:

Silili is an obscure goddess who was apparently the mother of all horses. She is only attested once in the

4551:. Her worship is first attested during the Third Dynasty of Ur and she continued to be venerated until the 4047:

and in a number of rituals. She had her own spouse, Ennugi, and own distinct role as a courtier of Ninlil.

3008: 1675:

almost entirely disappeared from records. Texts mentioning Nisaba are sporadically attested as far west as

23789: 19505:, Berkeley, California, Los Angeles, California, and London, England: The University of California Press, 19171:"Religious continuity and change in Parthian Mesopotamia: A note on the survival of Babylonian traditions" 5774: 866:

is forced to take her place in the Underworld. Alongside her twin brother Utu, Inanna was the enforcer of

24059: 20046: 7159: 5559:

The Bull of Heaven is a mythical beast that Ishtar demands from her father Anu in both the Sumerian poem

4792: 2827:

and he eventually came to be seen as merely an aspect of him. The names came to be used interchangeably.

449:

of the Babylonians, and Assur, who fulfilled an analogous role for the Assyrians. He was associated with

22900: 22685:"A New Join to the Hurro-Akkadian Version of the Weidner God List from Emar (Msk 74.108a + Msk 74.158k)" 21182: 21092:

Celibacy in the Ancient World: Its Ideal and Practice in Pre-Hellenistic Israel, Mesopotamia, and Greece

19920:"Erra (god); God of war and plagues, who later became closely associated with the underworld god Nergal" 3787:

makes him a shepherd, who reigned for 1,200 years. He has a close relationship with the goddess Inanna.

24178: 24130: 24002: 21327: 5260:

Tashmetu is attested relatively late and is not mentioned in texts prior to the Old Babylonian Period.

5251:, the god of scribes and wisdom; in Babylonian mythology, this role is instead assigned to the goddess 3792: 1817:

who was killed by the god Ea (Enki). Abzu was the personification of the subterranean primeval waters.

128: 23179:

Family Religion in Babylonia, Ugarit and Israel: Continuity and Changes in the Forms of Religious Life

7200:

was probably edited and redacted by Judahite priests living in Babylon during the exile. The works of

4325:

Ningublaga was associated with cattle. He was believed to oversee the herds belonging to the moon god

3889:

Mami or Mama is a mother goddess whose name means "mother". She may be the same goddess as Ninhursag.

2963:. She was the sister of Dumuzid, the god of shepherds. In one myth, she protects her brother when the 24624: 24428: 24393: 24071: 23980: 23316:

Westenholz, Joan Goodnick (1997). "Nanaya: Lady of Mystery". In Finkel, I. L.; Geller, M. J. (eds.).

20218:

Klein, Jacob (1997). "The God Martu in Sumerian Literature". In Finkel, I. L.; Geller, M. J. (eds.).

19896:"Tašmetu (goddess); Divine consort of the god Nabu, associated with wisdom and sexual attractiveness" 19895: 6032:

Ušumgallu ("prime venomous snake") was an apotropaic snake monster similar to bašmu. In the god list

21982:"The Literary Corpus of the Old Babylonian Larsa Dynasties: New Texts, New Readings, and Commentary" 20119: 6545:

In Mesopotamia, the cult of Herakles was syncretised with the cults of Nergal and the Persian deity

6265:

was brought from Antioch to Seleucia on the Eulaios in Elymais. The Greek settlers on the island of

3213:

Humhum was a minor god worshiped in Dūr-Šarruku (also known as Sippar-Aruru) in northern Babylonia.

24320: 24193: 24054: 24022: 24012: 23293: 19919: 6696:. During the Neo-Babylonian Period, Inzak was identified with Nabu under the latter's name Mu'ati. 2713:

as the personification of the irrigation system, though the evidence is scarce. ppears in the myth

2380:

Most historians generally agree that Gilgamesh was a historical king of the Sumerian city-state of

1628: 1251:

elevated Bau's rank to equal of that of Ningirsu, and called her "Queen who decides the destiny in

441:

in 1230 BC, his cult fell into decline. He was eventually paralleled in his role as chief deity by

416: 268:, it found no royal support at any point in time. In Zabban, a city in the northeast of Babylonia, 190: 24223: 21734: 6322: 4506:

the court of Enlil and was regarded as his personal butcher. Her husband was Erragal. In the myth

3501:

Kanisurra (also Gansurra, Ganisurra) was a goddess from the entourage of Nanaya. She was known as

2850:

I 316, Erragal is listed as the husband of the goddess Ninisig and is equated with Nergal. in the

24418: 24403: 24263: 24173: 23204: 19170: 7234: 7197: 7004: 6498: 6266: 6235: 6142: 5265: 5256: 3345:, both in legal documents and in texts about the underworld. Ishmekarab's gender is unclear, but 23945: 6882:, equated with "Divine Seven of Elam" – a Mesopotamian grouping of Elamite gods – in god lists. 6515:

Hahharnum and Hayyashum were the Mesopotamian adaptation of Hurrian words for heaven and earth,

5825:." She was believed to feed on the blood of human infants and was widely blamed as the cause of 3746:

Lugala'abba ("Lord of the Sea") was a god associated both with the sea and with the underworld.

3133:. He was worshipped mostly during the Third Dynasty of Ur, when he had temples in the cities of 2792:), which describes how Enlil, hoping "to establish abundance and prosperity", creates two gods: 2646:), which describes how Enlil, hoping "to establish abundance and prosperity", creates two gods: 2215:

Asarluhi was originally a local god of the village of Kuara, which was located near the city of

1255:." This made her the highest ranking goddess of the local pantheon of Lagash, putting her above 24485: 24465: 24408: 24358: 24330: 24305: 24213: 23990: 23975: 23960: 23142:

Struggles of Gods: Papers of the Groningen Work Group for the Study of the History of Religions

21729: 21399: 20114: 6215: 5578: 3814: 249: 23679: 22776: 19455:

The Bible Unearthed: Archaeology's New Vision of Ancient Israel and the Origin of Sacred Texts

19354: 19029: 6601:. In Mesopotamia she was worshiped alongside other western deities, such as Dagan and Išḫara. 1913:

Enki and Ninki were two primordial beings who were regarded as the first generation among the

24554: 24505: 24470: 24453: 24433: 24388: 24383: 24378: 24290: 24243: 24108: 23935: 23177: 7177: 6874:

An Elamite goddess known from Susa who in Mesopotamia was regarded as analogous to Ishtar or

6040:

of Ninkilim, while in some later texts it is stated to be Nabu's dragon instead of mušḫuššu.

4940: 4307: 2409: 2296: 1604: 1487: 1298: 1272: 1268: 1108: 1000:

rivers to make them useful for irrigation. His major symbols were a perched bird and a plow.

22683:

Simons, Frank (2017), Hazenbos, Joost; Mittermayer; Novák, Mirko; Suter, Claudia E. (eds.),

21628:

Ankara Üniversitesi Dil ve Tarih-Coğrafya Fakültesi Tarih Bölümü Tarih Araştırmaları Dergisi

7024:

Shuqamuna and Shumaliya were a pair of Kassite gods regarded as the tutelary deities of the

6074: 4859: 1882:

times he is seemingly vanquished by Enki and an otherwise little known goddess Ninamakalla.

1368:

Ištaran was a prominent god, who served as the tutelary deity of the Sumerian city-state of

24564: 24517: 24512: 24480: 24142: 22425: 22262: 19722:

Harris, Rivkah (February 1991), "Inanna-Ishtar as Paradox and a Coincidence of Opposites",

18689: 7193: 5911:

A group of 7 anthropomorphic figures variously described as servants of Nergal, as sons of

5119:

Shuzianna was a goddess regarded as the second wife of Enlil. She also appears in the myth

4814:." In late sources he was syncretised with Ninurta. He appears in a poorly preserved myth, 4759: 3727:. In Sumerian times, Lisin was viewed as a mother goddess. She is identified with the star 2960: 2932:

Gazbaba was a goddess closely associated with Nanaya, like her connected with erotic love.

2863: 851: 115:

was believed to be that deity's literal place of residence. The gods had boats, full-sized

24285: 22775:

Staiger, Annabelle (2010). Shehata, Dahlia; Weiershäuser, Frauke; Zand, Kamran V. (eds.).

7192:, and deported the elite members of Judahite society to Babylon in an event known as the " 5838: 4978:, Shara is one of the three deities who come to greet her upon her return. In the myth of 4715:

with the epithet Ninkurra, "lady of the underworld." According to one hymn her mother was

1531: 8: 24549: 24353: 24168: 23173: 22901:"Ninsi'anna (god/goddess); Deity of the planet Venus; an aspect of Inana/Ištar as Venus." 19097:, New York City, new York and London, England: Continuum International Publishing Group, 18961:

The Hellenistic settlements in the East from Armenia and Mesopotamia to Bactria and India

7098:

etymology for his name, as well as for the name of his son Nanshak known from god lists.

6887: 6566:

Humban was an Elamite god associated with the concept of kingship and divine protection (

5787: 4642: 4009: 3855:

Reading of the theonym LUM-ma is unclear. The god bearing it was regarded as a guardian (

3686: 2705:

Enkimdu is described as the "lord of dike and canal". His character has been compared to

2362: 1260: 132: 22266: 22107:"Ishtar of Nineveh and Her Collaborator, Ishtar of Arbela, in the Reign of Assurbanipal" 19611:

The Epic of Gilgamesh: The Babylonian Epic Poem and Other Texts in Akkadian and Sumerian

16381: 6238:

in the Persian Gulf, which had a garrison who built many structures in the Greek style.

5651: 5472: 3474:). Kakka is not to be confused with a different unrelated deity named Kakka, known from 974: 24315: 24270: 24083: 24049: 23871: 23364: 23269: 23026: 22876: 22852: 22844: 22712: 22174: 22142: 22134: 21915: 21787: 21755: 21747: 21415: 20875: 20867: 20327: 20319: 20237: 20186: 19747: 19739: 19711: 19193: 18477: 18469: 18164: 18051: 18043: 17991: 17947: 17852: 6793: 6594: 6583: 5667: 5019: 3784: 3346: 2722: 2320: 1914: 394: 221: 120: 53:

Map showing the extent of Mesopotamia and its major cities relative to modern landmarks

22476:"The Storm-Gods of the Ancient Near East: Summary, Synthesis, Recent Studies: Part II" 20067:"The Worship of the Skygod: A Comparative Study in Semitic and Indo-European Religion" 18925:, Orientalische Relionen in der Antik, vol. 16, Tübingen, Germany: Mohr Siebeck, 6852:

text, where she appears alongside Kumarbi and Samnuha as one of the deities of Taite.

6504: 5348: 5340: 5339:, a divine representation of the city of Uruk itself. She was closely associated with 5037: 3072:

and thus sister of Damu. She was not associated with other healing goddesses, such as

1619:, Ninshubur rescues Inanna from the monsters that Enki sends to capture her, while in 1577:, normally regarded as the son of Shamash and his wife, is instead the son of Ninlil. 24579: 24398: 24078: 23997: 23875: 23861: 23835: 23815: 23795: 23765: 23755: 23725: 23715: 23683: 23641: 23618: 23577: 23536: 23495: 23445: 23435: 23414: 23368: 23356: 23321: 23261: 23222: 23183: 23149: 23124: 23114: 23095: 23054: 23018: 22991: 22950: 22856: 22836: 22790: 22761: 22716: 22704: 22660: 22650: 22618: 22608: 22576: 22566: 22545: 22495: 22448: 22401: 22391: 22371: 22350: 22310: 22288: 22278: 22193: 22146: 22126: 22082: 22072: 22049: 21999: 21989: 21957: 21947: 21919: 21907: 21863: 21827: 21817: 21791: 21759: 21696: 21675: 21657: 21610: 21600: 21567: 21530: 21520: 21506: 21465: 21419: 21385: 21354: 21295: 21285: 21281: 21242: 21232: 21188: 21157: 21136: 21096: 21077: 21067: 21038: 21028: 21007: 20966: 20925: 20879: 20859: 20824: 20783: 20742: 20692: 20682: 20659: 20618: 20577: 20524: 20514: 20488: 20447: 20406: 20365: 20331: 20278: 20247: 20223: 20190: 20178: 20132: 20099: 20085: 20052: 20021: 20011: 19999: 19989: 19959: 19881: 19861: 19835: 19820:"The Hellenistic Archives from Tel Kedesh (Israel) and Seleucia-on-the-Tigris (Iraq)" 19804: 19785: 19751: 19674: 19644: 19634: 19614: 19593: 19583: 19553: 19534: 19524: 19506: 19487: 19477: 19459: 19440: 19430: 19409: 19377:(16), Chicago, Illinois: The Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago: 127–140 19339: 19298: 19257: 19240: 19230: 19212: 19197: 19157: 19147: 19129: 19098: 19076: 19035: 19012: 18993: 18983: 18964: 18946: 18926: 18905: 18864: 18823: 18783: 18753:

Budin, Stephanie L. (2004), "A Reconsideration of the Aphrodite-Ashtart Syncretism",

18739: 18674: 18656: 18634: 18609: 18589: 18566: 18527: 18481: 18461: 18404: 18394: 18350: 18340: 18317: 18276: 18250: 18215: 18192: 18156: 18129: 18093: 18083: 18055: 18035: 17983: 17939: 17913: 17883: 17873: 17856: 17811: 17791: 7189: 6955: 6648: 6431: 5565: 5433: 3909: 3681:, she became the goddess most commonly identified as such starting with the reign of 3564: 2852: 2608: 2423: 2414: 2272:

instead, in which case the conflation was meant to highlight the latter's authority.

2151: 1893: 1431: 1202:

Ninkarrak, most likely of Akkadian, rather than Sumerian, origin, worshiped in Sippar

690: 288: 85: 81: 24295: 22426:"The Storm-Gods of the Ancient Near East: Summary, Synthesis, Recent Studies Part I" 21692:

Greek Myths and Mesopotamia: Parallels and Influence in the Homeric Hymns and Hesiod

20066: 19986:

A reconstruction of the Assyro-Babylonian god lists, AN:A-nu-umm and AN:Anu šá Ameli

18500:

Beckman, Gary (1999). "The Goddess Pirinkir and Her Ritual from Ḫattuša (CTH 644)".

5844: 2142:

2334 BC – 2154 BC) as a consort for Anu, and appears in such a role in the god list

1095: 112: 18: 24595: 24583: 24539: 24423: 24325: 24300: 24208: 24120: 24113: 24098: 23914: 23853: 23675: 23348: 23253: 23212: 22828: 22782: 22696: 22487: 22440: 22118: 21899: 21779: 21739: 21559: 21407: 21277: 20851: 20311: 20170: 20124: 19951: 19831: 19731: 19703: 19185: 19068: 19025: 18762: 18517: 18509: 18453: 18268: 18121: 18027: 17844: 7163: 7095: 5284: 4330: 3960: 2915: 2679: 1838: 1834: 1373: 1328: 1196:

Nintinugga, "mistress who revives the dead," worshiped in Ninlil's temple in Nippur

867: 686: 676: 182: 124: 61: 23592: 23069: 22965: 21986:

Studia Mesopotamica 3: Jahrbuch für altorientalische Geschichte und Kultur. Band 3

21480: 21381:

The Shape of Ancient Thought: Comparative Studies in Greek and Indian Philosophies

20633: 20592: 19819: 19759: 19383: 5577:

eventually slay the bull. The Bull of Heaven is identified with the constellation

4896:, the local god of the Sumerian city-state of Der. Her name means "Queen of Der". 4750:

Nusku is the god of fire and light. He was the son and minister of Enlil. The god

2782: 2636: 2304: 1897:

Enlil instead. They appear for the first time in an incantation from the reign of

1394:

of Lagash mentions himself having installed a shrine for Ištaran in the temple of

854:, in which she attempts to conquer the Underworld, the domain of her older sister 49: 24413: 24248: 24198: 23970: 23829: 23809: 23551: 23510: 23469: 23388: 22924: 22735: 22519: 22304: 22023: 21651: 21439: 21110: 20981: 20940: 20899: 20798: 20757: 20716: 20551: 20462: 20421: 20380: 20339: 20272: 19668: 19630:

The Babylonian Gilgamesh epic: introduction, critical edition and cuneiform texts

19424: 19313: 19272: 19006: 18879: 18838: 18797: 18713: 18603: 18540: 18291: 18272: 18244: 16390: 7025: 6797: 6615: 5796: 5697:

Kingaludda was a demon whose name means "director of the storm." In the god list

5002:. It is assumed that the name is etymologically connected with the Akkadian word 4552: 4326: 3289: 3241: 2911: 2789: 2686: 2643: 2611:

proposed that she should be understood as a deification of the ewe (adult female

2254: 2135: 1994: 1879: 1875: 1809: 1763: 1745:

Various civilizations over the course of Mesopotamian history had many different

1445: 1339: 1077: 814: 722: 308: 107:, but that a god's statue was a physical embodiment of the god himself. As such, 24029: 23883: 23111:

Immigration and emigration within the ancient Near East: Festschrift E. Lipiński

21944:

Studia Mesopotamica: Jahrbuch für altorientalische Geschichte und Kultur. Band 1

20128: 18776:(2005), "Chapter Twenty: Near Eastern Connections", in Foley, John Miles (ed.), 18649:"Issues and Problems in the Contemporary Debate Regarding the Priestly Writings" 7224: 6863: 6633: 5732:

a pair of kulullu statues (one male and one female) guarded the temple of Nabu.

5482: 5382:(spider). She was worshiped in E-ešgar ("house of work assignment), part of the 1826: 24534: 24203: 24183: 24149: 24137: 24007: 23985: 23352: 22491: 22444: 22300: 20174: 20017:

Toward the Image of Tammuz and Other Essays on Mesopotamian History and Culture

18773: 18766: 7239: 7181: 6685: 5543: 5500: 4348:

Ninigizibara was a deified harp who could be regarded as an advisor of Inanna.

3921: 3876: 3736: 3698: 3573: 2761:

to the former title, it has been proposed that they might have been analogous.

2318:

The name Bēl-ṣarbi means "lord of the poplar" (the tree meant is assumed to be

2188: 2147: 2121: 2064: 1998:, after the separation of heaven and earth, the goddess Tiamat and her consort 1906: 1148: 1024: 681:

Nabu was the Mesopotamian god of scribes and writing. His wife was the goddess

552: 287:

The number seven was extremely important in ancient Mesopotamian cosmology. In

156:

Various terms were employed to describe groups of deities. The collective term

22786: 22292: 22122: 21888:"UET 6/1, 74, the Hymnic Introduction of a Sumerian Letter-Prayer to Ninšubur" 21563: 20696: 20504:"Drachenmutter und Himmelsrebe? Zur Frühgeschichte Dumuzis und seiner Familie" 20302:

Kramer, Samuel Noah (1983), "The Sumerian Deluge Myth: Reviewed and Revised",

19955: 19161: 18653:

The strata of the priestly writings: contemporary debate and future directions

18031: 17887: 17848: 5436:, which states that the cedar mountain belonged to him, and that he appointed 5040:. Shulgi of Ur built a temple dedicated to them, but its location is unknown. 4596: 4459:

Ninmug was the tutelary goddess of metal workers. She was the wife of the god

4206: 1038:. He was also associated with forest fires (and identified with the fire-god, 24613: 24544: 24495: 24438: 24373: 24103: 23729: 23360: 23265: 23226: 23022: 22840: 22708: 22664: 22499: 22452: 22130: 22086: 22003: 21961: 21911: 21867: 21831: 21299: 21246: 21081: 20863: 20182: 20136: 20003: 19244: 19080: 18531: 18465: 18354: 18333:"A Study of the Geography of 1 Enoch 17–19: No One Has Seen What I Have Seen" 18160: 18097: 18039: 18026:. British Institute for the Study of Iraq, Cambridge University Press: 3–17. 17987: 17943: 17787:

When Heroes Love: The Ambiguity of Eros in the Stories of Gilgamesh and David

7201: 6893: 6453: 5871: 5441: 5060: 4476: 3766: 3694: 3677:

Laṣ was one of the goddesses who could be regarded as the wife of Nergal. In

3142: 3119: 2277: 2210: 1746: 1230: 1224: 1069: 631:. It has been proposed that originally he was the deification of the city of 23: 23769: 23449: 23128: 22622: 22580: 22405: 21411: 21210: 21042: 20528: 19648: 19597: 19538: 19491: 19444: 19189: 18997: 18513: 18408: 18145:"A Royal Seal from Ebla (17th cent. B.C.) with Hittite Hieroglyphic Symbols" 6701: 4278:

Ningishzida is a god who normally lives in the Underworld. He is the son of

2811: 2111:, and one of the two sisters of Ningishzida. She is known from the god list 538:. Enki was the divine benefactor of humanity, who helped humans survive the 24460: 24368: 22781:. Cuneiform Monographs (in German). Vol. 41. Brill. pp. 225–236. 22700: 21813:

God lists from Old Babylonian Nippur in the University Museum, Philadelphia

21614: 6987:

Shaushka was a Hurrian goddess regarded as analogous to Ishtar ("Ishtar of

6928: 6927:

in the past. She was also worshiped by Hurrians in Syria and Anatolia, and

6344: 6300: 6182: 6092: 5826: 5295: 4870: 4800: 4689: 4483: 4338: 4333:

role, and appears in many incantations, for example against scorpion bite.

3989: 3929: 3714: 3682: 3518: 3283: 3051: 2726: 2486: 2235: 2184: 1967: 1707: 1692: 1662: 1440: 1239: 1122: 898: 706: 556:, the tablets concerning all aspects of human life. He was associated with 450: 446: 386: 23857: 23257: 23217: 20511:

Literatur, Politik und Recht in Mesopotamien: Festschrift für Claus Wilcke

18631:

Gods, Demons and Symbols of Ancient Mesopotamia: An Illustrated Dictionary

18125: 6019: 5216: 5006:, "to dry" or "to be dry." A less likely proposal instead derives it from 3631:

Laguda was a god associated with the Persian Gulf. He appears in the text

2249:. His mother replaced him as the tutelary deity of Adab in later periods. 1199:

Ninisina, who in addition to her primary role was also the goddess of Isin

24559: 24500: 24448: 24253: 23205:"The Family God in Old Babylonian and Especially in Old Assyrian Sources" 21903: 21768:"Two New Sumerian Texts Involving The Netherworld and Funerary Offerings" 21209:, Religion & Ethics, The British Broadcasting Company, archived from 18942:

The Origin of Biblical Traditions: Hebrew Legends in Babylonia and Israel

18522: 10738: 9081: 7054: 6823:. She was sometimes referred to as Nin-Dilmun, meaning "Lady of Dilmun". 6627: 6546: 6401: 6390: 6152: 6068: 5857: 5685:

Kilili was a demon or minor goddess who served as a messenger of Ishtar.

5303: 4950: 4887: 4688:, Numushda's unnamed daughter insists on marrying the nomadic desert god 4659:. He was identified with snakes and may appear in the form of a snake on 4650: 4521: 4259: 4220: 3981: 3967: 3640: 3613: 3605: 3475: 3342: 3154: 2979: 2949: 2892: 2566: 2462:) of the underworld. In older publications his name was read as Neti. In 2231: 2195: 1946: 1898: 1720: 1684: 1683:, though it is uncertain if she was actively venerated further west than 1536: 1518: 1416:. A reference to Ištaran as a dying god appears also in a late text from 1369: 1361: 1308: 1081: 894: 710: 606: 364: 324: 281: 100: 77: 23273: 23109:

van der Toorn, Karel (1995). "Migration and the Spread of Local Cults".

23030: 22647:

Ancient Near Eastern art in context: studies in honor of Irene J. Winter

22178: 21783: 21751: 21743: 21322: 20098:

Kasak, Enn; Veede, Raul (2001), Kõiva, Mare; Kuperjanov, Andres (eds.),

18168: 18047: 17995: 17951: 17790:, New York City, New York: Columbia University Press, pp. 130–131, 17761: 17725: 15373: 15371: 14854: 14852: 14850: 14848: 14567: 14565: 14563: 14550: 14548: 14546: 14533: 14531: 14288: 14286: 14065: 14063: 14061: 13929: 13927: 13925: 13923: 13871: 13869: 13867: 13865: 13395: 13393: 13391: 13389: 12736: 12734: 11848: 11846: 11844: 11842: 11840: 11838: 11836: 11676: 11674: 11661: 11659: 11634: 11632: 11630: 11530: 11528: 11503: 11501: 11358: 11356: 11354: 10693: 10691: 10689: 10676: 10674: 10672: 10469: 10467: 9729: 9727: 9652: 9650: 9577: 9575: 9573: 9059: 5064: 4767: 3268: 2324:) in Akkadian. He could also function as one of the gods connected with 1490:

revived (or continued) her cult, making her the royal tutelary goddess.

1034:

Nergal was associated with the Underworld and is usually the husband of

775: 24475: 24363: 23300:, Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus, UK Higher Education Academy, 23241: 23006: 22907:, Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus, UK Higher Education Academy, 22883:, Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus, UK Higher Education Academy, 22562:

Untersuchungen zur Götterwelt des altsumerischen Stadtstaates von Lagaš

22238:, Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus, UK Higher Education Academy, 22138: 20871: 20323: 20241: 19926:, Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus, UK Higher Education Academy, 19902:, Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus, UK Higher Education Academy, 19743: 19373:

Falkenstein, A. (1965), "Die Anunna in der sumerischen Überlieferung",

18473: 18144: 18015: 17971: 17927: 17866:"Puzur-Inšušinak, the last king of Akkad? Text and Image Reconsidered." 15005: 15003: 14818: 14816: 14814: 14684: 14682: 14506: 14504: 14502: 14412: 14410: 14408: 14242: 14240: 13852: 13850: 13848: 13617: 13615: 13613: 13611: 12801: 12755: 12753: 12751: 12749: 12599: 12597: 12595: 12593: 12591: 12578: 12576: 12574: 12340: 12338: 12336: 12194: 11593: 11591: 10836: 9815: 9813: 9811: 9809: 9807: 9805: 9803: 9771: 9769: 9754: 9744: 9742: 9690: 9688: 9686: 9684: 9671: 9669: 9667: 9665: 9635: 9625: 9623: 9598: 9596: 9594: 9592: 9590: 9134: 9112: 9110: 9108: 9057: 9055: 9053: 9051: 9049: 9047: 9045: 9043: 9041: 9039: 9014: 9012: 9010: 9008: 9006: 7655: 7653: 7651: 7244: 7205: 7169: 7139: 7131: 6834: 6788: 6656: 6598: 6299:) was an Amorite goddess who in Mesopotamia came to be associated with 6138: 6100: 5997: 5912: 5811: 5670:

have been proposed in scholarship, they are not regarded as plausible.

5590: 5124: 5087: 4979: 4967: 4961: 4877:"Ashratum, the foreigner." In Uruk she was associated with Belet-Seri. 4823: 4716: 4610: 4510:, she appears as one of the seven assistants of the eponymous goddess. 4414: 4315: 4052: 3905: 3751: 3424: 3420: 3326: 3214: 3185: 3104: 3035: 2959:

Geshtinanna was a rural agricultural goddess sometimes associated with

2858: 2805: 2590: 2446: 2393: 2333: 2073: 1926: 1688: 1514: 1482: 1158: 1089: 1065: 1035: 855: 698: 539: 501: 393:. Anu's supremacy was therefore "always somewhat nominal" according to 149: 108: 22848: 22106: 21027:. Chicago, Illinois: Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago. 20839: 19715: 19072: 18441: 14949: 14947: 14582: 14580: 12061: 12059: 12057: 8050: 8048: 8046: 8044: 8042: 6969: 6766: 6707: 6688:, where a temple was dedicated to him. He appears, alongside his wife 6118: 5714: 4893: 4656: 2177: 2035: 1525:

during the third millennium BCE, but he was later supplanted there by

1354: 1139:, Ereshkigal is described as Inanna's "older sister". In the god list 24522: 24490: 23711:

A reassessment of Asherah: with further considerations of the goddess

23017:. Archiv für Orientforschung (AfO)/Institut für Orientalistik: 1–44. 22816: 18782:, New York City, New York and London, England: Blackwell Publishing, 17241: 15458: 15368: 14845: 14694: 14643: 14560: 14543: 14528: 14422: 14283: 14252: 14225: 14162: 14099: 14058: 13920: 13881: 13862: 13386: 13148: 12731: 11870: 11858: 11833: 11671: 11656: 11644: 11627: 11615: 11603: 11576: 11540: 11525: 11498: 11351: 10686: 10669: 10479: 10464: 10399: 10351: 10339: 10327: 10252: 10228: 9724: 9712: 9700: 9647: 9608: 9570: 9093: 9024: 8840: 8447: 7185: 6936: 6924: 6820: 6571: 6464: 6397: 6316: 5760: 5737: 5570: 5419: 5109: 5072: 5045: 4614: 4568: 4515: 4468: 4287: 4240: 4231: 4161: 4142: 3917: 3810: 3776: 3724: 3678: 3553: 3491: 3483: 3479: 3234: 3162: 3073: 3025: 2758: 2419: 2352: 2265: 2242: 2161: 2108: 2051: 1731: 1716: 1636: 1582: 1565: 1324: 1162: 1114: 997: 915: 875: 831: 640: 590: 505: 401:

a multicolored stone (red, white and black) was associated with him.

328: 304: 265: 245: 22684: 22643:"Shulgi-simti and the Representation of Women in Historical Sources" 22642: 22600: 22475: 22385: 22324: 21981: 21887: 21811: 21623: 21226: 21095:, A Michael Glazier Book, Collegeville, Maryland: Liturgical Press, 20855: 20674: 20315: 19698:

Hallo, William W. (1996), "Review: Enki and the Theology of Eridu",

19547: 18457: 17865: 17205: 15000: 14811: 14679: 14667: 14655: 14499: 14405: 14358: 14237: 14075: 13845: 13608: 12789: 12746: 12588: 12571: 12333: 11770: 11588: 11368: 9800: 9766: 9739: 9681: 9662: 9620: 9587: 9105: 9069: 9036: 9003: 8938: 8936: 7648: 6445: 5596: 5104:

Shul-utul was the tutelary god of the dynasty started by Ur-Nanshe.

4988: 4491: 3685:. In Assyria, an analogous phenomenon is attested from the reign of 1771:, which is divided into seven tablets. The surviving version of the 1057: 546:, he organizes "in detail every feature of the civilised world." In 23811:

Inanna: Queen of Heaven and Earth: Her Stories and Hymns from Sumer

23709: 23667: 23429: 23336: 22832: 22560: 22370:, Grand Rapids, Michigan: William B. Eerdman's Publishing Company, 22064: 21939: 21851: 21767: 20014:(2008) , "Toward the Image of Tammuz", in Moran, William L. (ed.), 19943: 19735: 19707: 19628: 18417: 18362: 18075: 14988: 14944: 14577: 14487: 12095: 12054: 10315: 10291: 10240: 8852: 8039: 7775: 7763: 7087: 7077: 7044: 6963: 6819:, it is possible that later on she was identified with Nabu's wife 6805: 6689: 6528: 6468: 6423: 6289: 6282: 6211: 6178: 6126: 6088: 6027: 5986: 5978: 5928: 5887: 5805: 5235: 4914: 4838: 4788: 4755: 4670: 4548: 4373: 4329:. Consumption of beef was regarded as taboo to him. He also had an 4251: 4214: 4005: 3973: 3222: 3081: 3069: 2983: 2742:

Enlilazi was a minor god regarded as the "superintendent of Ekur."

2706: 2659: 2550: 2397: 2344: 2203: 2088: 1776: 1640: 1522: 1502: 1478: 1395: 1182: 1154: 859: 682: 667: 598: 594: 517: 513: 174: 157: 23633: 23242:"On Leeches, Dogs and Gods in Old Babylonian Medical Incantations" 22261:(1), London, England: The British Astronomical Association: 9–28, 20158: 19031:

Myths from Mesopotamia: Creation, the Flood, Gilgamesh, and Others

19008:

The Dictionary of Mythology: An A-Z of Themes, Legends, and Heroes

16702: 6693: 5581:

and the reason why Enkidu hurls the bull's thigh at Ishtar in the

5523: 5170: 4901: 2933: 1568:, came to be regarded as one and the same as Ninlil, and the myth 636: 331:

was a Venus deity distinct from Inanna in at least some contexts.

21940:"Two New Sumerian Texts Involving the Deities Numushda and Gibil" 19880:, Mesopotamian Civilizations, Winona Lake, Indiana: Eisenbrauns, 18502:

Ktèma: Civilisations de l'Orient, de la Grèce et de Rome antiques

16826: 16248: 16246: 10645: 10621: 10442: 10440: 10438: 10216: 9529: 9527: 9356: 8960: 8933: 8253: 8251: 7414: 7412: 7106: 7070: 7037: 6988: 6977: 6944: 6913: 6879: 6857: 6828: 6750: 6619: 6427: 6307: 6243: 6160: 5941: 5906: 5895: 5641: 5437: 5398:

her. She is rescued by Enki's wife Ninhursag, who removes Enki's

5321: 5197: 5033: 4849: 4754:

is sometimes described as his son. Nusku's main symbol was a lit

4677: 4661: 4560: 4433: 4395: 4353: 4291: 4189: 4087: 4068: 4027: 4017: 3944: 3728: 3664: 3592: 3583:

Kusu was a goddess of purification, commonly invoked in Akkadian

3545: 3297: 3257: 3150: 2923: 2910:

Gareus was a god introduced to Uruk during late antiquity by the

2832: 2695: 2471: 1632: 1526: 1413: 1404: 1335: 1047: 984: 962: 931: 911: 863: 862:. She is only revived due to Enki's intervention and her husband 835: 694: 628: 584: 579: 571: 485: 261: 21856:

Aula orientalis: Revista de estudios del Próximo Oriente Antiguo

21353:, The Legendary Past, Austin, Texas: University of Texas Press, 20509:. In Sallaberger, Walther; Volk, Konrad; Zgoll, Annette (eds.). 20246:, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: University of Pennsylvania Press, 18922:

Enki und Ninmah: Eine mythische Erzählung in sumerischer Sprache

15903: 15901: 15899: 15897: 15517: 15515: 15513: 15511: 15509: 13422: 13420: 12172: 12170: 10585: 10303: 7948: 7946: 7944: 7942: 7940: 7938: 7936: 5822: 5518:

tree planted by Inanna and is driven off by the hero Gilgamesh.

4773: 4386:. After having sex with her father Enki, Ninkurra gave birth to 4302:, revered Ningishzida as his personal protector. In the myth of 3689:

onward. In the Old Babylonian period, Nergal's wife was usually

2997: 919: 732: 19552:. Orientalia Lovaniensia analecta. Departement Oriëntalistiek. 17501: 16904: 15680: 15678: 15299: 15297: 15124: 15122: 14194: 14192: 14179: 14177: 14152: 14150: 14148: 14135: 14133: 14131: 14118: 14116: 14114: 13581: 13579: 10894: 10892: 10890: 10279: 9183: 8876: 7302: 7300: 7173: 7135: 7126: 7091: 7083: 7019: 6996: 6875: 6758: 6723: 6675: 6554: 6483: 6360: 6336: 6304: 6231: 6205: 6191: 6147: 6130: 6111: 6082: 5951: 5920: 5902: 5865: 5756: 5706: 5675: 5663: 5633: 5574: 5514:, Imdugud is one of several creatures that come to inhabit the 5403: 5383: 5310: 5252: 5179: 5154: 5146: 5132: 4845: 4745: 4697: 4590: 4582: 4530: 4449: 4383: 4365: 4299: 4279: 4273: 4196: 4131: 4115: 4103: 4079: 3894: 3868: 3780: 3772: 3762: 3690: 3672: 3656: 3621: 3599: 3534: 3458: 3392: 3384: 3368: 3354: 3309: 3130: 3126: 3059: 3043: 3039: 2978:

Ereshkigal's scribe. In Lagash she was regarded as the wife of

2900: 2874: 2824: 2747: 2674: 2598: 2586: 2582: 2516: 2501: 2494: 2482: 2432: 2269: 2165: 1985: 1938: 1858: 1854: 1846: 1814: 1813:, Abzu is primordial undeterminacy, the consort of the goddess 1726: 1700: 1680: 1672: 1648: 1611: 1609:

Assyriologists regard Ninshubur as the most commonly worshiped

1598: 1551: 1544: 1495: 1470: 1456: 1425: 1412:

temple in Nippur, Ištaran is a "dying god" and is equated with

1378: 1343: 1331: 1264: 1256: 1132: 1127: 1118: 1005: 993: 967: 954: 907: 827: 823: 804: 784: 756: 745: 714: 702: 671: 565: 557: 535: 530: 525: 509: 442: 428: 316: 273: 257: 237: 104: 43: 31: 22565:(in German). Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Museum. 21228:

LUMMA in the onomasticon and literature of Ancient Mesopotamia

19948:

Proceedings of the 53e Rencontre Assyriologique Internationale

19944:"The Assumed Human Origin of Divine Dumuzi: A Reconsideration" 19702:, vol. 116, American Oriental Society, pp. 231–234, 19673:, New York City, New York and London, England: A&C Black, 18191:, Oxford, England: Oxford University Press, pp. 735–736, 17047: 16977: 16975: 16642: 16243: 16186: 16081: 16048: 15988: 15711: 15633: 15139: 15137: 14922: 14920: 14918: 14916: 14881: 14451: 14010: 13758: 13756: 13754: 13752: 13717: 13686: 13554: 13552: 13550: 13548: 13546: 13544: 13542: 13311: 12394: 12392: 11811: 11809: 11807: 11805: 11452: 11450: 11448: 10757: 10755: 10753: 10716: 10714: 10712: 10710: 10708: 10706: 10573: 10452: 10435: 9900: 9898: 9896: 9894: 9892: 9890: 9888: 9790: 9788: 9786: 9784: 9524: 9514: 9512: 9510: 9280: 9207: 8700: 8698: 8248: 7921: 7792: 7790: 7710: 7453: 7451: 7424: 7409: 7150: 4026:

Misharu ("justice") was a son of Adad and Shala. His wife was

3697:, while other similar documents place her in the proximity of 2862:, Errakal is said to "tear up the mooring poles", causing the 23668:"Agriculture as Civilization: Sages, Farmers, and Barbarians" 23593:"Siebengötter A. Mesopotamien · Seven gods A. In Mesopotamia" 23341:

Zeitschrift für Assyriologie und Vorderasiatische Archäologie

22275:

Anahita. A History and Reception of the Iranian Water Goddess

21892:

Zeitschrift für Assyriologie und vorderasiatische Archäologie

21772:

Zeitschrift für Assyriologie und Vorderasiatische Archäologie

21021:

Lambert, Wilfred G. (2007). "An Exotic Babylonian God-List".

20163:

Zeitschrift für Assyriologie und Vorderasiatische Archäologie

19211:, Springfield, Massachusetts: Merriam-Webster, Incorporated, 18671:

Panthée: religious transformations in the Graeco-Roman Empire

18655:, Zürich, Switzerland: Theologischer Verlag, pp. 32–33, 18418:"Nabû and Apollo: the two faces of Seleucid religious policy" 17568: 17566: 17564: 17059: 17035: 16278: 16276: 16263: 16261: 16233: 16231: 16218: 16216: 16203: 16201: 16176: 16174: 16172: 16170: 16133: 16131: 16118: 16116: 16114: 16112: 16110: 16108: 16071: 16069: 16067: 16065: 16063: 16038: 16036: 16011: 16009: 16007: 16005: 16003: 15954: 15952: 15939: 15937: 15924: 15922: 15920: 15918: 15916: 15894: 15857: 15855: 15818: 15816: 15814: 15812: 15799: 15797: 15795: 15793: 15759: 15757: 15744: 15742: 15740: 15738: 15623: 15621: 15619: 15617: 15615: 15613: 15611: 15548: 15506: 14914: 14912: 14910: 14908: 14906: 14904: 14902: 14900: 14898: 14896: 14441: 14439: 14437: 14383: 14381: 14379: 14377: 14375: 14373: 14215: 14213: 14211: 14209: 14207: 14000: 13998: 13750: 13748: 13746: 13744: 13742: 13740: 13738: 13736: 13734: 13732: 13707: 13705: 13703: 13701: 13699: 13684: 13682: 13680: 13678: 13676: 13674: 13672: 13670: 13668: 13666: 13417: 13177: 13175: 13173: 13171: 13169: 13167: 13165: 13163: 13088: 12629: 12627: 12614: 12612: 12167: 11803: 11801: 11799: 11797: 11795: 11793: 11791: 11789: 11787: 11785: 11724: 11722: 11720: 11718: 11716: 11714: 11712: 11326: 11324: 11322: 11320: 11318: 11316: 11314: 10790: 10788: 10786: 10784: 10782: 10542: 10540: 10538: 10525: 10523: 10521: 10389: 10387: 10194: 10192: 10190: 10188: 10186: 9886: 9884: 9882: 9880: 9878: 9876: 9874: 9872: 9870: 9868: 9840: 9838: 9836: 9834: 9832: 9830: 9828: 9560: 9558: 9556: 9554: 9497: 9449: 9447: 9313: 9311: 9309: 9307: 9246: 9244: 9242: 9240: 9238: 9236: 9234: 9173: 9171: 9169: 9167: 9165: 9163: 9161: 8993: 8991: 8989: 8987: 8985: 8983: 8981: 8979: 8977: 8975: 8620: 8618: 8162: 8160: 7981: 7971: 7969: 7967: 7965: 7963: 7961: 7933: 7553: 7551: 7399: 7397: 7209: 7118: 6905: 6843: 6771: 6731: 6681: 6664: 6487: 6476: 6460: 6352: 6348: 6340: 6330: 6296: 6096: 6003: 5883: 5768: 5729: 5623: 5535: 5399: 5242: 4922: 4908: 4782: 4751: 4737: 4636: 4622: 4578: 4544: 4534: 4460: 4303: 4295: 4153: 4107: 3845: 3822: 3720: 3706: 3609: 3510: 3446: 3432: 3409: 3318: 3314: 3276: 3196: 3146: 3092: 3017: 3013: 2991: 2965: 2797: 2793: 2766: 2651: 2647: 2620: 2612: 2509: 2224: 2216: 2156: 1959: 1842: 1822: 1574: 1555: 1506: 1417: 1399: 1391: 1383: 1316: 1280: 1252: 1248: 1103: 1039: 1020: 958: 950: 923: 844: 788: 645: 632: 620: 521: 497: 493: 480: 406: 390: 372: 320: 296: 269: 241: 229: 186: 161: 116: 23113:. Leuven: Uitgeverij Peeters en Departement Oriëntalistiek. 20113:, Tartu, Estonia: Folk Belief and Media Group of ELM: 7–33, 18339:, Leiden, The Netherlands and Boston, Massachusetts: Brill, 17835:

al-Salihi, Wathiq I. (1996). "Two cult-statues from Hatra".

17658: 17656: 17593: 17178: 17176: 17174: 17172: 17170: 17168: 17166: 17164: 17149: 16882: 16880: 16816: 16814: 16801: 16799: 16784: 16726: 16654: 16396: 15780: 15778: 15776: 15774: 15772: 15701: 15699: 15697: 15695: 15693: 15675: 15665: 15663: 15294: 15205: 15119: 15046: 15044: 15042: 14189: 14174: 14145: 14128: 14111: 13898: 13896: 13576: 13287: 13136: 13126: 13124: 13122: 13120: 13107: 13105: 13103: 13078: 13076: 12993: 12991: 12989: 12987: 12721: 12719: 12717: 12715: 12713: 12711: 12709: 12707: 12705: 12703: 12661: 12659: 12657: 12262: 12260: 12157: 12155: 12153: 12151: 12149: 12122: 11969: 11967: 11965: 11963: 11961: 11959: 11957: 11955: 11953: 11889: 11887: 11885: 11746: 11699: 11697: 11695: 11693: 11691: 11689: 11564: 10977: 10975: 10973: 10916: 10887: 10860: 10848: 10423: 10374: 10372: 10370: 10368: 10366: 10173: 10171: 10131: 10129: 10127: 10125: 10123: 10110: 10108: 10106: 10104: 10102: 10046: 9495: 9493: 9491: 9489: 9487: 9485: 9483: 9481: 9479: 9477: 9464: 9462: 9434: 9432: 9430: 9428: 9426: 9424: 9346: 9344: 9342: 9340: 9338: 9268: 8908: 8906: 8830: 8828: 8800: 8798: 8796: 8794: 8792: 8764: 8762: 8760: 8758: 8756: 8754: 8752: 8750: 8748: 8735: 8733: 8731: 8729: 8727: 8725: 8616: 8614: 8612: 8610: 8608: 8606: 8604: 8602: 8600: 8598: 8469: 8467: 8465: 8463: 8461: 8429: 8427: 8425: 8423: 8284: 8094: 8092: 8012: 8010: 8008: 8006: 8004: 8002: 8000: 7998: 7996: 7729: 7727: 7725: 7549: 7547: 7545: 7543: 7541: 7539: 7537: 7535: 7533: 7531: 7353: 7351: 7297: 1631:, Ninshubur was syncretized with the male messenger deities 612: 19125:

Who Were the Early Israelites and Where Did They Come From?

17347: 17345: 17343: 17195: 17193: 17191: 17103: 17101: 17088: 17086: 16972: 16933: 16931: 16772: 16762: 16760: 16747: 16745: 16743: 16741: 16630: 16420: 16353: 16351: 15884: 15882: 15650: 15648: 15538: 15536: 15534: 15532: 15530: 15195: 15193: 15156: 15154: 15152: 15134: 15073: 15071: 14978: 14976: 14974: 14033: 14031: 14029: 14027: 14025: 13651: 13598: 13596: 13594: 13539: 13432: 13335: 13277: 13275: 13262: 13260: 13199: 13063: 13061: 13059: 13057: 12389: 12277: 12275: 11513: 11445: 11341: 11339: 11105: 10933: 10931: 10877: 10875: 10824: 10812: 10800: 10767: 10750: 10726: 10703: 10065: 10063: 10061: 9988: 9986: 9949: 9947: 9934: 9932: 9930: 9917: 9915: 9913: 9855: 9853: 9781: 9507: 9375: 9373: 9371: 8923: 8921: 8695: 8571: 8500: 8498: 8496: 8494: 8421: 8419: 8417: 8415: 8413: 8411: 8409: 8407: 8405: 8403: 8301: 8299: 8274: 8272: 8270: 8268: 8266: 8079: 8077: 8075: 8073: 8071: 8069: 8067: 8065: 8063: 8029: 8027: 8025: 7787: 7676: 7674: 7672: 7670: 7668: 7468: 7466: 7448: 7319: 7317: 7315: 6992: 6981: 6932: 6715: 6655:

he can be found among the deities forming the entourage of

6642: 6561: 6227: 6095:

of Ahura Mazda were erected in modern Iraq, for example in

5916: 5610:

Girtablullu were creatures with the upper body of a human (

5395: 5391: 5364: 5248: 5168:

functioned as epithet of deities in Hurrian texts as well.

4957: 4708: 4604: 4556: 4538: 4428:

Nin-MAR.KI (reading uncertain) was the daughter of Nanshe.

4387: 3977: 3860: 3758: 3338: 3313:, or personal attendant, of Anu. He appears in the myth of 3134: 3111: 2710: 2542: 2538: 2526: 2521:

daughter of Shamash and Aya, Mamu (or Mamud) was his wife.

2505: 2384:, who probably ruled sometime during the early part of the 2381: 2370: 2058: 1999: 1976: 1800: 1676: 1409: 1387: 1346: 1312: 1209:; possibly initially a title rather than a distinct goddess 1206: 1186: 1178: 1117:, whose character is undefined, but later the northern god 1029: 989: 750: 653: 476: 468: 458: 438: 424: 376: 300: 277: 233: 39: 22192:, New York City, New York and London, England: Routledge, 21695:, New York City, New York and London, England: Routledge, 20159:"Inanna's Descent and Undressing the Dead as a Divine Law" 19128:, Grand Rapids, Michigan: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 17972:"Translation of Gods: Kumarpi, Enlil, Dagan/NISABA, Ḫalki" 17561: 17272: 17270: 17268: 16962: 16960: 16958: 16548: 16546: 16456: 16444: 16326: 16324: 16322: 16320: 16318: 16273: 16258: 16228: 16213: 16198: 16167: 16155: 16143: 16128: 16105: 16093: 16060: 16033: 16021: 16000: 15976: 15964: 15949: 15934: 15913: 15852: 15840: 15809: 15790: 15754: 15735: 15723: 15608: 15596: 15572: 15560: 15494: 15358: 15356: 15343: 15341: 15339: 15314: 15312: 14893: 14726: 14724: 14711: 14709: 14434: 14370: 14336: 14334: 14332: 14330: 14305: 14303: 14301: 14204: 13995: 13961: 13959: 13957: 13944: 13942: 13833: 13823: 13821: 13819: 13817: 13815: 13790: 13788: 13775: 13773: 13771: 13729: 13696: 13663: 13529: 13527: 13525: 13500: 13498: 13496: 13494: 13466: 13464: 13462: 13449: 13447: 13364: 13362: 13160: 13027: 12765: 12624: 12609: 12435: 12433: 12431: 12018: 12006: 11979: 11821: 11782: 11709: 11433: 11423: 11421: 11419: 11311: 11289: 11287: 11238: 11236: 11234: 11197: 11195: 11122: 11120: 11011: 11009: 11007: 11005: 10992: 10990: 10960: 10958: 10779: 10657: 10597: 10535: 10518: 10506: 10384: 10269: 10267: 10183: 9865: 9825: 9551: 9444: 9409: 9397: 9385: 9304: 9231: 9158: 9146: 8972: 8390: 8388: 8358: 8356: 8354: 8352: 8350: 8157: 7958: 7834: 7832: 7817: 7563: 7516: 7506: 7504: 7502: 7500: 7498: 7485: 7483: 7481: 7394: 7384: 7382: 7380: 7378: 7338: 7336: 7334: 7332: 7285: 7275: 7273: 7271: 6234:

reported that a temple of Apollo existed on the island of

3723:

were worshipped in Adab and Kesh. Her husband was the god

272:

was the head of the pantheon. In the first millennium BCE

18267:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 43–59. 17673: 17671: 17653: 17641: 17605: 17583: 17581: 17549: 17405: 17357: 17291: 17289: 17287: 17285: 17161: 17071: 16916: 16877: 16811: 16796: 16531: 16519: 16485: 16483: 15769: 15690: 15660: 15284: 15282: 15280: 15278: 15241: 15239: 15237: 15235: 15222: 15220: 15039: 15027: 14871: 14869: 14867: 14835: 14833: 14831: 14768: 14766: 14597: 14595: 14273: 14271: 14269: 14267: 14048: 14046: 13893: 13247: 13245: 13243: 13241: 13117: 13100: 13073: 12984: 12926: 12924: 12922: 12920: 12813: 12700: 12654: 12644: 12642: 12450: 12448: 12257: 12146: 12134: 11950: 11882: 11686: 11069: 11045: 10970: 10411: 10363: 10168: 10156: 10120: 10099: 9539: 9474: 9459: 9421: 9335: 9323: 9292: 9122: 8948: 8903: 8825: 8789: 8779: 8777: 8745: 8722: 8685: 8683: 8670: 8668: 8643: 8641: 8639: 8637: 8635: 8633: 8595: 8549: 8547: 8545: 8543: 8541: 8539: 8537: 8522: 8458: 8311: 8089: 7993: 7909: 7851: 7849: 7847: 7807: 7805: 7739: 7722: 7528: 7436: 7348: 7143: 6622:(boundary stones), was a bird with its head turned back. 6439: 5604: 5495: 5440:

as its guardian. He is most likely not the same deity as

5386:

temple complex in Babylon. She appears in the early myth

5247:

In Assyrian mythology, Tashmetu is the divine consort of

3798: 3099:(tutelary deity) to him. She was later equated with Bau. 2717:. The text has originally been published under the title 2589:. It is possible Dumuzi-abzu was regarded as the wife of 1624: 1290: 793: 765: 354: 312: 292: 225: 35: 22601:"Foreign Influences on the Religion of the Ur III Court" 20310:, Ankara, Turkey: British Institute at Ankara: 115–121, 19830:. USA: MI: MPublishing, University of Michigan Library. 17703: 17701: 17525: 17489: 17417: 17369: 17340: 17188: 17137: 17113: 17098: 17083: 16928: 16867: 16865: 16757: 16738: 16690: 16348: 16336: 16293: 16291: 15879: 15645: 15527: 15482: 15470: 15190: 15178: 15149: 15068: 14971: 14959: 14932: 14801: 14799: 14797: 14795: 14793: 14753: 14751: 14022: 13591: 13481: 13479: 13299: 13272: 13257: 13054: 13044: 13042: 12559: 12549: 12547: 12545: 12543: 12541: 12528: 12526: 12524: 12522: 12355: 12353: 12311: 12309: 12307: 12305: 12292: 12290: 12272: 12182: 12112: 12110: 12071: 11996: 11994: 11938: 11928: 11926: 11486: 11474: 11380: 11336: 10928: 10904: 10872: 10633: 10609: 10146: 10144: 10087: 10075: 10058: 10034: 10022: 10010: 9998: 9983: 9971: 9959: 9944: 9927: 9910: 9850: 9368: 8918: 8893: 8891: 8559: 8491: 8479: 8400: 8296: 8263: 8060: 8022: 7873: 7665: 7463: 7363: 7312: 7117:

Umbidaki was a god worshiped in the temple of Ishtar of

6741:

According to Mesopotamian sources, such as the god list

6684:, a land in eastern Arabia. His main cult center was on 6269:

had a shrine to Artemis and made dedications to Artemis

4463:, and by extension also of Hendursaga in later periods. 4110:, where she served as the tutelary goddess of the city. 19803:. Leiden: Nederlands Instituut voor het Nabije Oosten. 17537: 17513: 17381: 17265: 16955: 16838: 16618: 16606: 16594: 16582: 16570: 16558: 16543: 16315: 15446: 15434: 15422: 15410: 15353: 15336: 15324: 15309: 15166: 15095: 15083: 15056: 14736: 14721: 14706: 14516: 14346: 14327: 14315: 14298: 13954: 13939: 13908: 13812: 13785: 13768: 13639: 13627: 13564: 13522: 13510: 13491: 13459: 13444: 13405: 13359: 13323: 13228: 13226: 12960: 12871: 12869: 12678: 12676: 12674: 12472: 12460: 12428: 12365: 12245: 12211: 12209: 11734: 11552: 11462: 11416: 11404: 11299: 11284: 11272: 11260: 11248: 11231: 11219: 11207: 11192: 11180: 11168: 11156: 11144: 11132: 11117: 11093: 11081: 11033: 11021: 11002: 10987: 10955: 10943: 10563: 10561: 10559: 10557: 10555: 10496: 10494: 10264: 9256: 8710: 8385: 8375: 8373: 8371: 8347: 8195: 8185: 8183: 8181: 8179: 8177: 8175: 8111: 8109: 8107: 7829: 7495: 7478: 7375: 7329: 7268: 4998:Šubula was a minor god most likely associated with the 4613:, the deified king of Uruk, and the mother of the hero 4127: 3863:, Enlil's temple in Nippur, or as an underworld demon ( 3731:. Later, Ninsikila's and Lisin's genders were swapped. 3138: 3115: 2374: 2091:

Uruk. According to one Old Babylonian text she was the

1143:

she opens the section dedicated to underworld deities.

839: 741: 253: 23814:, New York City, New York: Harper&Row Publishers, 23337:"An Unrecognized Synonym of Sumerian sukkal, "Vizier"" 22236:

Nimrud: Materialities of Assyrian Knowledge Production

20048:

The Harps that Once...: Sumerian Poetry in Translation

19857:

Gods in the Desert: Religions of the Ancient Near East

17749: 17668: 17578: 17393: 17306: 17304: 17282: 17023: 16999: 16987: 16480: 16468: 16432: 16303: 15867: 15828: 15584: 15275: 15232: 15217: 15107: 14864: 14828: 14763: 14592: 14264: 14043: 13983: 13971: 13374: 13347: 13238: 13211: 13015: 12917: 12905: 12893: 12854: 12844: 12842: 12840: 12838: 12836: 12834: 12832: 12830: 12828: 12639: 12484: 12445: 12221: 12042: 12030: 11758: 11057: 8864: 8815: 8813: 8774: 8680: 8665: 8653: 8630: 8583: 8534: 8510: 8219: 7885: 7861: 7844: 7802: 7256: 6226:

was brought to Seleucia on the Eulaios (the refounded

1263:, she was the second most notable "divine wife" after 23850:

The Loss of Male Sexual Desire in Ancient Mesopotamia

20850:(1). British Institute for the Study of Iraq: 82–86. 20020:, Eugene, Oregon: Wipf & Stock, pp. 73–103, 19474:

Before the muses: an anthology of Akkadian literature

18391:

The pantheon of Uruk during the neo-Babylonian period

18204: 17698: 17688: 17686: 17477: 17465: 17453: 17441: 17429: 17247: 17211: 17125: 16943: 16862: 16850: 16714: 16666: 16507: 16495: 16408: 16363: 16288: 15464: 15400: 15398: 15396: 15394: 15392: 15390: 15388: 15386: 15377: 15015: 15009: 14858: 14822: 14790: 14778: 14748: 14700: 14688: 14673: 14661: 14649: 14631: 14619: 14607: 14571: 14554: 14537: 14475: 14463: 14428: 14416: 14393: 14364: 14292: 14258: 14246: 14231: 14168: 14105: 14081: 14069: 13933: 13887: 13875: 13856: 13800: 13621: 13476: 13399: 13187: 13154: 13039: 12972: 12948: 12936: 12807: 12795: 12777: 12759: 12740: 12603: 12582: 12538: 12519: 12509: 12507: 12505: 12503: 12501: 12499: 12416: 12404: 12350: 12344: 12321: 12302: 12287: 12200: 12107: 12083: 11991: 11923: 11911: 11899: 11876: 11864: 11852: 11776: 11680: 11665: 11650: 11638: 11621: 11609: 11597: 11582: 11546: 11534: 11507: 11362: 10842: 10744: 10697: 10680: 10485: 10473: 10405: 10357: 10345: 10258: 10141: 9819: 9775: 9760: 9748: 9733: 9718: 9706: 9694: 9675: 9656: 9641: 9629: 9614: 9602: 9581: 9140: 9116: 9099: 9087: 9075: 9063: 9030: 9018: 8888: 8335: 8323: 8238: 8236: 8234: 8207: 8054: 7897: 7781: 7769: 7659: 7638: 7636: 7634: 7632: 7630: 7628: 7615: 7613: 7611: 7609: 7607: 7605: 7580: 7578: 6593:Ḫabūrītum was a goddess understood as either "she of 5279:"Tutu" is simply one of the names of the latter god. 2973:

where he is hiding, even after they torture her. The

2083:

Amasagnudi was the wife of Papsukkal in the god list

822:

Eanna temple in Uruk, though she also had temples in

21852:"Nanna/Suen Convenes in the Divine Assembly as King" 21728:, The American Schools of Oriental Research: 57–79, 20675:"Some Observations on Late Urukean Theophoric Names" 20274:

The Sumerians: Their History, Culture, and Character

19451: 19355:"Apollo-Nabû: The Babylonian policy of Antiochus I." 18877: 18836: 17767: 17737: 17731: 17713: 17316: 17253: 17229: 17217: 16678: 15263: 15251: 14510: 14087: 13223: 13003: 12881: 12866: 12688: 12671: 12377: 12233: 12206: 11392: 11374: 10552: 10491: 10204: 8368: 8172: 8133: 8104: 7698: 7590: 7196:". Modern scholars generally agree that much of the 6137:

equated with, and eventually fully assimilated into

3349:

considered it more likely that this deity was male.

1121:

was placed in this role. Her gatekeeper was the god

21719: 21274:

Personal names in the Aramaic inscriptions of Hatra

21267:"Religious Significance of Hatran Theophoric Names" 19950:. Penn State University Press. pp. 1121–1134. 19580:

House most high: the temples of ancient Mesopotamia

19452:Finkelstein, Israel; Silberman, Neil Asher (2001), 18795: 18337:

Supplements to the Journal for the Study of Judaism

18205:Asher-Greve, Julia M.; Westenholz, Joan G. (2013). 17629: 17617: 17328: 17301: 17011: 16892: 14994: 14953: 14586: 14493: 12825: 12065: 9219: 8810: 8145: 8121: 7686: 5614:, "untamed man") and the lower body of a scorpion ( 5444:from Mari, assumed to be a deified hero in origin. 5149:, also argued to be a god associated with the sea. 2107:Amashilama was the daughter of Ninazu and his wife 385:believed to be the offspring of An and his consort 280:'s status was equal to that of Marduk. In Assyria, 22736:"Ordal A. Mesopotamien · Ordeal A. In Mesopotamia" 22117:. British Institute for the Study of Iraq: 41–44. 21024:Studies presented to Robert D. Biggs, June 4, 2004 20277:, Chicago, Illinois: University of Chicago Press, 18584:, in Freedman, David Noel; Myer, Allen C. (eds.), 18016:"HADDA OF ḪALAB AND HIS TEMPLE IN THE EBLA PERIOD" 17912:, Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 17683: 15383: 12496: 8231: 7751: 7625: 7602: 7575: 7032:in the symbolic form of birds sitting on a perch. 6335:Worship of the goddess Atargatis is attested from 5852:Ninazu, Ningishzida; Tishpak; Marduk, Nabu; Ashur 5450: 3441:Kabta was a deity commonly paired with Ninsianna. 3271:. In offering lists he appears next to Shulshaga. 2944:, which can be translated as "sexual attraction." 2709:'s. It has been proposed that he was worshiped in 23913: 23431:Mesopotamian protective spirits: the ritual texts 23386: 22695:(1), Berlin, Germany: Walter de Gruyter: 82–100, 21440:"Nisaba A. Philologisch · Nisaba A. Philological" 20071:Jordan Lectures in Comparative religion, series 6 20051:, New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press, 19224: 19208:Merriam-Webster's Encyclopedia of World Religions 18878:Cavigneaux, Antoine; Krebernik, Manfred (1998b), 18837:Cavigneaux, Antoine; Krebernik, Manfred (1998a), 17982:(4). GBPress- Gregorian Biblical Press: 319–336. 17938:(2). GBPress- Gregorian Biblical Press: 114–129. 17804:Ackerman, Susan (2006) , Day, Peggy Lynne (ed.), 16832: 10591: 10333: 10321: 10309: 10297: 10285: 10246: 10234: 10222: 9195: 6046: 5530:Ereshkigal, Ninazu, Ningishzida, Tishpak; Išḫara 3980:, where she was possibly regarded as the wife of 3145:. In later times, he had a temple in the city of 2455:Bitu's primary function is that of a gatekeeper ( 1517:or of Enlil and Ninil. He was also the father of 24611: 23387:Ebeling, Erich; Wiggermann, Frans A. M. (2019), 22367:An Introduction to Ancient Mesopotamian Religion 22062: 19312:Edzard, Dietz-Otto; Lambert, Wilfred G. (1980), 19011:, London, England: Arcturus Publishing Limited, 18796:Cavigneaux, Antoine; Krebernik, Manfred (1998), 17507: 16910: 16708: 6796:proposed a connection between Manziniri and the 6273:; Strabo also reports that an oracle of Artemis 5705:, "evil god," and his name was written with the 3240:Idlurugu was a god who represent the concept of 799:Inanna, Utu was the enforcer of divine justice. 685:and he may have been associated with the planet 23807: 23246:Revue d'Assyriologie et d'archéologie orientale 23209:Revue d'assyriologie et d'archéologie orientale 23007:"Untersuchungen zum Pantheon von Adab im 3. Jt" 22277:. London: I. B. Tauris & Company, Limited. 22255:Journal of the British Astronomical Association 20211:The Image of the Underworld in Sumerian Sources 19523:. Chicago London: University of Chicago Press. 19502:Python: A Study of Delphic Myth and Its Origins 19458:, New York City, New York: Simon and Schuster, 19004: 18945:, Eugene, Oregon: Wipf & Stock Publishers, 18690:"Anunna (Anunnaku, Anunnaki) (a group of gods)" 18452:. American Schools of Oriental Research: 1–10. 18155:(1). GBPress- Gregorian Biblical Press: 18–28. 12101: 10651: 10627: 9533: 9362: 8966: 8942: 8858: 8846: 8257: 7094:) was proposed for him, newer sources favor an 4873:, and a late esoteric text explains her name as 3217:returned his statue to a temple located there. 3007:Gibil is the deification of fire. According to 2775:Enten is a shepherd deity in the Sumerian poem 2581:, but she has no obvious connection to the god 1513:Ninazu was a god regarded as either the son of 534:, or minister, was the two-faced messenger god 88:contain many words to express the sensation of 23808:Wolkstein, Diane; Kramer, Samuel Noah (1983), 23004: 21599:. Princeton, N.J: Princeton University Press. 21153:A Dictionary of Ancient Near Eastern Mythology 20100:"Understanding Planets in Ancient Mesopotamia" 18668: 18076:"The West Hurrian Pantheon and Its Background" 16648: 11752: 7028:of Babylon. They were depicted on a number of 6407:and the Hurrian Nabarbi are the same goddess. 5174:regards her as a deity connected with wisdom. 4529:É-ešbarzida temple in Ur and other temples in 4364:chthonic deities alongside the prison goddess 2485:in Ḫursaĝkalama, her cult center located near 2134:Antu is a goddess who was invented during the 1402:and describes Ištaran as a god of justice. On 550:, he is described as the holder of the sacred 23899: 23674:. Oxford University Press. pp. 662–689. 23172: 23108: 19381: 19311: 18980:The cultic calendars of the ancient Near East 18651:, in Shectman, Sarah; Baden, Joel S. (eds.), 18078:. In Collins, B. J.; Michalowski, P. (eds.). 15907: 15554: 15521: 15128: 13426: 7176:kingdoms of Israel and Judah. In 586 BC, the 2629:Emesh is a farmer deity in the Sumerian poem 496:, and is the former case the twin brother of 23834:, Oxford, England: Oxford University Press, 23794:, Oxford, England: Oxford University Press, 23754:. Warminster, England: Aris & Phillips. 22605:General studies and excavations at Nuzi 10/3 21545:"Der Wettstreit zwischen Dumuzi und Enkimdu" 21184:Sex and Eroticism in Mesopotamian Literature 21088: 19633:. Oxford New York: Oxford University Press. 19034:, Oxford, England: Oxford University Press, 18538: 18246:Art and Immortality in the Ancient Near East 14198: 14183: 14156: 14139: 14122: 3478:, who was a healing goddess associated with 3157:, but this may have been a different deity. 2245:is identified as his father in the god list 1639:, though this process wasn't complete until 260:. An Old Babylonian personal name refers to 23665: 23549: 23508: 23252:. Presses Universitaires de France: 71–88. 23135: 22827:(4). University of Chicago Press: 289–294. 22814: 22322: 22272: 21649: 21542: 21478: 21437: 21384:, New York City, New York: Allworth Press, 19382:Fechner, Josephine; Tanret, Michel (2014), 19372: 19094:Yahweh and the Gods and Goddesses of Canaan 18669:Bricault, Laurent; Bonnet, Corinne (2013). 18422:Orient und Okzident in Hellenistischer Zeit 17863: 16981: 16778: 16426: 16383:The Underworld Vision of an Assyrian Prince 15143: 13558: 13205: 12398: 11519: 11456: 10830: 10818: 10806: 10773: 10761: 10732: 10720: 9794: 9518: 8882: 7975: 7927: 7716: 7430: 7418: 7403: 7357: 6618:. His symbol, known from some Mesopotamian 5141:Sirsir was the god of sailors. In the text 3562:Kus is a god of herdsmen referenced in the 3288:Ilaba was briefly a major deity during the 23906: 23892: 23636:. In Finkel, I. L.; Geller, M. J. (eds.). 23631: 23590: 23467: 23427: 23389:"Mischwesen A. Philologisch. Mesopotamien" 23334: 23315: 23138:"Inanna/Ishtar as a Figure of Controversy" 23067: 22167:Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 20378: 20097: 19498: 18918: 18628: 18262: 17810:, Minneapolis, Minnesota: Fortress Press, 17611: 17599: 17572: 17555: 17363: 17182: 17155: 16820: 16805: 16790: 16525: 16282: 16267: 16252: 16237: 16222: 16207: 16192: 16180: 16161: 16149: 16137: 16122: 16099: 16087: 16075: 16054: 16042: 16027: 16015: 15994: 15982: 15970: 15958: 15943: 15928: 15861: 15822: 15803: 15784: 15763: 15748: 15729: 15717: 15705: 15684: 15639: 15627: 14926: 14887: 14457: 14445: 14387: 14219: 14016: 14004: 13839: 13762: 13723: 13711: 13690: 13317: 13181: 13111: 13033: 12997: 12819: 12771: 12725: 12176: 12161: 12140: 12128: 11973: 11815: 11728: 11703: 11570: 11439: 11330: 10981: 10866: 10794: 10663: 10603: 10579: 10546: 10529: 10512: 10458: 10446: 10429: 10417: 10393: 10378: 10198: 10177: 10162: 10135: 10114: 9904: 9844: 9564: 9545: 9501: 9468: 9438: 9350: 9329: 9317: 9298: 9286: 9274: 9250: 9213: 9189: 9177: 9152: 9128: 8997: 8834: 8804: 8768: 8739: 8704: 8624: 8577: 8565: 8504: 8485: 8473: 8433: 8290: 8278: 8083: 8016: 7987: 7952: 7733: 7680: 7557: 7472: 7457: 7442: 7388: 7369: 7342: 7323: 7306: 7291: 7279: 5563:and in Tablet VI of the Standard Akkadian 23434:. Groningen: STYX & PP Publications. 23239: 23216: 22480:Journal of Ancient Near Eastern Religions 22433:Journal of Ancient Near Eastern Religions 22363: 21979: 21809: 21733: 21397: 21377: 20631: 20590: 20549: 20501: 20460: 20419: 20337: 20118: 19988:. New Haven: Yale Babylonian Collection. 19798: 19757: 19005:Coleman, J. A.; Davidson, George (2015), 18521: 18186: 17834: 17662: 17647: 17411: 17375: 17199: 17143: 17077: 17065: 17053: 17041: 17029: 15160: 15077: 15050: 15033: 13902: 13130: 13094: 13082: 12665: 12266: 11893: 11492: 11480: 11345: 11075: 11051: 8362: 8201: 8033: 7879: 7569: 7522: 7510: 7489: 6295:Ashratum (or Ashiratum in documents from 4711:temple in Nippur, Lagash, Sippar, Dilbat 4577:Ninsikila was the husband of the goddess 4390:, the goddess of weaving and vegetation. 4298:, the Sumerian king of the city-state of 4106:. Outside Mesopotamia she was popular in 3042:. The son of Ereshkigal and Gugalanna is 2042:worshiped with Nanna in Ur as his sukkal 22898: 22874: 22640: 22598: 22473: 22423: 22383: 22306:Everyday Life in Babylonia & Assyria 22069:Les représentations des dieux des autres 22021: 21937: 21885: 21849: 21765: 21688: 21656:, Santa Barbara, California: Greenwood, 21558:. Penn State University Press: 383–398. 21224: 21200: 20979: 20897: 20837: 20755: 20107:Folklore: Electronic Journal of Folklore 20084:, London, England: Kyle Cathie Limited, 20044: 20010: 19873: 19700:Journal of the American Oriental Society 19670:An Introduction to Second Temple Judaism 19352: 19251: 18711: 18415: 18388: 18360: 17909:Syrian Identity in the Greco-Roman World 17803: 17783: 17495: 17423: 17351: 17119: 17107: 17092: 16937: 16844: 16766: 16751: 16732: 16696: 16660: 16462: 16450: 16357: 16342: 16330: 15888: 15602: 15566: 15542: 15500: 15488: 15476: 15303: 15211: 15199: 15184: 15172: 14982: 14965: 14938: 14805: 14522: 14037: 13827: 13794: 13602: 13585: 13305: 13293: 13281: 13266: 13142: 13067: 12439: 11740: 11468: 11427: 11410: 10937: 10922: 10910: 10898: 10854: 10273: 10093: 10081: 10069: 10052: 10040: 10028: 10016: 10004: 9992: 9977: 9965: 9953: 9938: 9921: 9859: 9453: 9415: 9403: 9391: 9379: 9262: 8716: 8689: 8674: 8659: 8647: 8553: 8528: 8516: 8189: 7838: 7796: 6181:, the cult of Anahita was introduced by 2573:The state of Lagash, especially Kinunir 1539:destruction of Babylon also with Ashur. 48: 17: 23747: 23707: 23680:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199557301.013.0031 23638:Sumerian Gods and their Representations 23318:Sumerian Gods and their Representations 23298:Ancient Mesopotamian Gods and Goddesses 23202: 23182:. Handbook of Oriental Studies. Brill. 23051:Religions of Second Millennium Anatolia 23048: 22905:Ancient Mesopotamian Gods and Goddesses 22881:Ancient Mesopotamian Gods and Goddesses 22774: 22225:(257). Münster, Germany: Ugarit-Verlag. 22216: 21674:. USA: University of California Press. 21264: 21108: 21061: 21020: 20938: 20796: 20714: 20220:Sumerian Gods and their Representations 19924:Ancient Mesopotamian Gods and Goddesses 19900:Ancient Mesopotamian Gods and Goddesses 19853: 19817: 19204: 19178:Journal of Ancient Near Eastern History 19144:Clio's Other Sons: Berossus and Mantheo 19141: 18963:. USA: University of California Press. 18772: 18694:Ancient Mesopotamian Gods and Goddesses 18499: 18439: 18363:"Antiquarian Theology in Seleucid Uruk" 18330: 18080:Beyond Hatti: a tribute to Gary Beckman 17905: 17807:Gender and Difference in Ancient Israel 17543: 17519: 17483: 17471: 17399: 17387: 17295: 17276: 16993: 16966: 16684: 16636: 16624: 16612: 16600: 16588: 16576: 16564: 16552: 16438: 16402: 15452: 15440: 15428: 15416: 15362: 15347: 15330: 15318: 15101: 15089: 15062: 14839: 14742: 14730: 14715: 14352: 14340: 14321: 14309: 13965: 13948: 13914: 13779: 13657: 13645: 13633: 13570: 13533: 13516: 13504: 13470: 13453: 13438: 13411: 13368: 13341: 13329: 13021: 12966: 12694: 12478: 12466: 12371: 12251: 11558: 11305: 11293: 11278: 11266: 11254: 11242: 11225: 11213: 11201: 11186: 11174: 11162: 11150: 11138: 11126: 11111: 11099: 11087: 11039: 11015: 10996: 10964: 10949: 8589: 8379: 8225: 8166: 7891: 7867: 7855: 7823: 7811: 5709:. He appears in a lamentation from Ur. 4290:dies and meets Ningishzida, along with 2669:Enbilulu was the god of irrigation. In 1247:millennium BCE in the state of Lagash. 24612: 23827: 23623:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 23582:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 23541:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 23500:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 23419:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 23304:from the original on 21 September 2022 23291: 23100:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 22996:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 22955:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 22911:from the original on 21 September 2022 22766:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 22682: 22550:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 22390:(in German). 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Walter de Gruyter GmbH: 221–233. 20077: 19930:from the original on 21 September 2022 19906:from the original on 21 September 2022 19790:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 19721: 19666: 19626: 19604: 19577: 19545: 19471: 19414:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 19344:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 19303:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 19270: 19168: 19058: 19024: 18910:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 18869:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 18828:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 18744:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 18687: 18629:Black, Jeremy; Green, Anthony (1992), 18571:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 18539:Behrens, Herman; Klein, Jacob (1998), 18322:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 18142: 17719: 17677: 17587: 17531: 17017: 17005: 16513: 16489: 16474: 16309: 15873: 15846: 15834: 15654: 15590: 15578: 15288: 15245: 15226: 15113: 15021: 14875: 14784: 14772: 14757: 14637: 14625: 14613: 14601: 14481: 14469: 14399: 14277: 14052: 13989: 13977: 13485: 13380: 13353: 13251: 13217: 13193: 13048: 12930: 12911: 12899: 12860: 12848: 12783: 12648: 12633: 12618: 12565: 12553: 12532: 12490: 12454: 12327: 12315: 12296: 12281: 12188: 12116: 12089: 12048: 12036: 12024: 12012: 12000: 11985: 11944: 11932: 11917: 11905: 11827: 11764: 11063: 10881: 10639: 10615: 10150: 9225: 8927: 8870: 8445: 8394: 8341: 8329: 8317: 8213: 8115: 8098: 7915: 7903: 7745: 7619: 7262: 5511:Gilgamesh, Enkidu, and the Netherworld 4692:, despite his unattractive lifestyle. 4543:Ninsianna was the deity of the planet 4156:and one of the many consorts of Enki. 3244:, specifically river ordeal. The term 2982:, and was associated with his symbol, 160:is first attested during the reign of 23887: 23787: 22887:from the original on 14 December 2022 22733: 22517: 22299: 22185: 21621: 21526:A History of Ancient Israel and Judah 21203:"Why are there seven days in a week?" 21180: 21149: 21066:. Winona Lake, Indiana: Eisenbrauns. 20217: 20064: 19983: 19941: 19917: 19893: 19697: 19422: 19146:. USA: University of Michigan Press. 19121: 18977: 18958: 18752: 18700:from the original on 3 September 2019 18696:, University of Pennsylvania Museum, 18601: 18289: 18115: 18073: 18013: 17969: 17925: 17707: 17459: 17447: 17435: 17334: 17322: 17310: 17259: 17235: 17223: 17131: 16949: 16922: 16898: 16886: 16871: 16856: 16720: 16672: 16537: 16501: 16414: 16369: 16297: 15669: 15404: 13806: 13232: 12978: 12954: 12942: 12513: 12422: 12410: 12383: 12359: 12227: 11027: 10567: 10500: 8954: 8912: 8897: 8819: 8783: 8305: 8139: 7757: 7704: 7642: 7596: 7584: 5632:Hanbi is the father of the demon-god 4382:Ninkurra is the daughter of Enki and 3390:Isimud, later known as Usmû, was the 3341:sources as an assistant of judge god 3153:. A god named Haya was worshipped at 2268:. Sometimes she was syncretized with 1992:In the Babylonian creation epic, the 1807:In the Babylonian creation epic, the 1596:Akkil; worshipped with Inanna as her 103:believed that their deities lived in 23847: 22963: 22922: 22558: 21320: 21109:Leemans, Wilhelmus François (1983), 20672: 20208: 20156: 20073:, University of London, pp. 27f 19518: 18938: 18646: 18579: 18242: 17755: 17743: 17635: 17623: 15269: 15257: 14093: 13009: 12887: 12875: 12682: 12239: 12215: 12077: 11398: 11386: 10210: 9201: 8242: 8151: 8127: 7692: 5298:, the personification of the earth. 4976:Inanna's Descent into the Underworld 3916:, "ice" or "frost"). As her name is 3838:Inanna's Descent into the Underworld 3652:The Dispute between Cattle and Grain 3048:Inanna's Descent into the Underworld 2888:The Dispute between Cattle and Grain 2464:Inanna's Descent into the Underworld 1740: 1621:Inanna's Descent into the Underworld 1137:Inanna's Descent into the Underworld 858:, but is instead struck dead by the 508:) and his children include the gods 23791:Ancient Jewish Novels: An Anthology 21321:Mark, Joshua J. (2 February 2017), 21231:. Padova: S.A.R.G.O.N. Ed. e Libr. 21201:Lutwyche, Jayne (22 January 2013), 19087: 18189:The Oxford Companion to Archaeology 17692: 7168:Yahweh was the national god of the 4655:Nirah was the messenger of the god 3125:Haya is the husband of the goddess 1390:. In one of his inscriptions, King 13: 21335:from the original on 13 April 2021 21049:from the original on March 5, 2022 18588:, Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 17872:. Hildesheim: Verlag Franzbecker. 7149: 7009: 6968: 6892: 6862: 6833: 6706: 6692:, in documents from Nippur and in 6632: 6576:Persepolis Administrative Archives 6533: 6503: 6444: 6365: 6321: 6248: 6196: 6165: 6117: 6073: 6002: 5956: 5870: 5843: 5810: 5773: 5742: 5650: 5595: 5548: 5481: 5092: 4931: 4833:Sadarnunna was the wife of Nuska. 4772: 4641: 4595: 4520: 4264: 4219: 3797: 3775:and the father of the mortal hero 3701:, who were both regarded as such. 3373: 3333:Shamash's temple Ebabbar in Larsa 3034:Gugalanna is the first husband of 2996: 2882:Adab, Lagash, Umma, Ur, Shuruppak 2810: 2361: 1653: 1627:and the divine assembly. In later 1587: 1461: 1430: 1376:(goddess of the rainbow), and his 1349:were regarded as his equivalents. 1289: 1229: 1168: 1094: 1056: 1010: 940: 884: 813: 774: 731: 658: 627:Ashur was the national god of the 611: 589:Marduk is the national god of the 570: 467: 415: 363: 129:semi-democratic legislative system 14: 24646: 23788:Wills, Lawrence Mitchell (2002), 23714:. Piscataway, NJ: Gorgias Press. 23666:Wiggermann, Frans A. M. (2011a). 23550:Wiggermann, Frans A. M. (1998b), 23509:Wiggermann, Frans A. M. (1998a), 23068:Trémouille, Marie-Claude (2013), 21653:Daily Life in Ancient Mesopotamia 21404:In Context: the Reade Festschrift 20941:"Manziʾat/Mazziʾat/Mazzât/Mazzêt" 19854:Holland, Glenn Stanfield (2009), 19499:Fontenrose, Joseph Eddy (1980) , 19426:The god Dagan in Bronze Age Syria 19061:Arabian Archaeology and Epigraphy 17248:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 17212:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 15465:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 15378:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 15010:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 14859:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 14823:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 14701:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 14689:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 14674:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 14662:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 14650:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 14572:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 14555:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 14538:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 14429:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 14417:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 14365:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 14293:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 14259:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 14247:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 14232:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 14169:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 14106:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 14082:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 14070:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 13934:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 13888:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 13876:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 13857:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 13622:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 13400:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 13155:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 12808:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 12796:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 12760:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 12741:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 12604:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 12583:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 12345:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 12201:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 11877:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 11865:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 11853:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 11777:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 11681:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 11666:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 11651:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 11639:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 11622:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 11610:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 11598:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 11583:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 11547:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 11535:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 11508:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 11363:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 10843:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 10745:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 10698:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 10681:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 10486:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 10474:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 10406:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 10358:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 10346:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 10259:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 9820:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 9776:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 9761:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 9749:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 9734:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 9719:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 9707:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 9695:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 9676:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 9657:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 9642:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 9630:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 9615:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 9603:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 9582:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 9141:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 9117:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 9100:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 9088:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 9076:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 9064:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 9031:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 9019:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 8055:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 7782:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 7770:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 7660:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 6774:, alongside Nabarbi and Samnuha. 6614:Ḫarbe was likely the head of the 5794:or "bull-man". In the Babylonian 3544:Kittum was a daughter of Utu and 2607:Duttur was the mother of Dumuzi. 284:was regarded as the supreme god. 24591: 24590: 24578: 23632:Wiggermann, Frans A. M. (1997). 23591:Wiggermann, Frans A. M. (2011), 23468:Wiggermann, Frans A. M. (1998), 23428:Wiggermann, Frans A. M. (1992). 23335:Wiggermann, Frans A. M. (1988). 22219:Alter Orient und Altes Testament 22063:Pongratz-Leisten, Beate (2012). 21650:Nemet-Nejat, Karen Rhea (1998), 19799:Henkelman, Wouter F. M. (2008). 19758:Henkelman, Wouter F. M. (2011), 19225:Drewnowska-Rymarz, Olga (2008). 18586:Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible 18331:Bautsch, Kelly Coblentz (2003), 17928:"The Names of the Primeval Gods" 17768:Finkelstein & Silberman 2001 17732:Finkelstein & Silberman 2001 16375: 14511:Cavigneaux & Krebernik 1998b 11375:Cavigneaux & Krebernik 1998a 5561:Gilgamesh and the Bull of Heaven 3427:, the god of rage and violence. 2150:proposed that the Greek goddess 2013: 216: 23776:from the original on 2022-03-12 23736:from the original on 2022-10-10 23696:from the original on 2022-02-07 23654:from the original on 2022-09-21 23607:from the original on 2021-06-06 23566:from the original on 2021-06-06 23525:from the original on 2021-06-06 23484:from the original on 2021-06-06 23456:from the original on 2022-10-06 23403:from the original on 2021-06-06 23375:from the original on 2022-12-21 23280:from the original on 2023-02-12 23162:from the original on 2023-01-11 23084:from the original on 2021-06-06 23037:from the original on 2022-03-31 23005:Such-Gutiérrez, Marcos (2005). 22980:from the original on 2021-06-06 22939:from the original on 2021-06-06 22863:from the original on 2022-10-10 22821:Journal of Near Eastern Studies 22803:from the original on 2022-10-02 22750:from the original on 2021-06-06 22723:from the original on 2022-09-21 22671:from the original on 2022-03-13 22629:from the original on 2022-11-29 22587:from the original on 2023-06-28 22534:from the original on 2021-06-06 22506:from the original on 2022-02-12 22462:from the original on 2021-07-16 22412:from the original on 2022-02-08 22339:from the original on 2021-07-31 22242:from the original on 2022-09-21 22206:from the original on 2023-04-09 22153:from the original on 2023-02-11 22093:from the original on 2023-09-30 22038:from the original on 2021-06-06 22010:from the original on 2022-02-13 21968:from the original on 2022-02-09 21926:from the original on 2022-12-21 21874:from the original on 2022-03-07 21838:from the original on 2022-09-20 21798:from the original on 2022-12-30 21709:from the original on 2023-04-09 21638:from the original on 2022-11-29 21583:from the original on 2022-05-20 21543:Mittermayer, Catherine (2015). 21529:, Westminster John Knox Press, 21495:from the original on 2021-06-06 21454:from the original on 2021-06-06 21448:±Realle±±xikon der Assyriologie 21426:from the original on 2022-10-18 21406:. Archaeopress Publishing Ltd. 21367:from the original on 2023-04-09 21309:from the original on 2022-05-31 21253:from the original on 2022-09-23 21170:from the original on 2023-04-09 21125:from the original on 2021-06-06 20996:from the original on 2021-06-06 20955:from the original on 2021-06-06 20914:from the original on 2021-06-06 20886:from the original on 2022-09-22 20813:from the original on 2021-06-06 20772:from the original on 2021-06-06 20731:from the original on 2021-06-06 20703:from the original on 2022-03-13 20648:from the original on 2021-06-06 20607:from the original on 2021-06-06 20566:from the original on 2021-06-06 20538:from the original on 2022-05-20 20477:from the original on 2021-06-06 20436:from the original on 2021-06-06 20422:"Meskilak, Mesikila, Ninsikila" 20395:from the original on 2021-06-06 20354:from the original on 2021-06-06 20291:from the original on 2024-04-29 20260:from the original on 2020-08-08 20213:, Bethesda, Maryland: CDL Press 20197:from the original on 2022-12-21 20146:from the original on 2019-02-04 20034:from the original on 2023-04-09 19972:from the original on 2022-04-05 19842:from the original on 2021-11-20 19774:from the original on 2021-06-06 19687:from the original on 2023-12-19 19655:from the original on 2022-05-24 19566:from the original on 2022-05-31 19398:from the original on 2021-06-06 19328:from the original on 2021-06-06 19287:from the original on 2021-06-06 19252:Drijvers, Henrik J. W. (1980). 19111:from the original on 2024-02-19 19048:from the original on 2023-04-09 18894:from the original on 2021-06-06 18853:from the original on 2021-06-06 18812:from the original on 2021-06-06 18728:from the original on 2021-06-06 18605:The Literature of Ancient Sumer 18580:Betz, Arnold Gottfried (2000), 18555:from the original on 2021-06-06 18488:from the original on 2022-10-24 18442:"Ištar of Nineveh Reconsidered" 18428:from the original on 2021-10-19 18377:from the original on 2022-09-21 18306:from the original on 2021-06-06 18231:from the original on 2021-06-05 18175:from the original on 2022-02-28 18104:from the original on 2022-03-31 18062:from the original on 2023-02-10 18002:from the original on 2022-10-07 17958:from the original on 2022-11-13 17894:from the original on 2021-07-28 17824:from the original on 2023-04-09 17776: 14995:Cavigneaux & Krebernik 1998 14954:Cavigneaux & Krebernik 1998 14587:Cavigneaux & Krebernik 1998 14494:Cavigneaux & Krebernik 1998 12066:Cavigneaux & Krebernik 1998 8439: 7082:Tishpak was a god who replaced 6935:indicates she was equated with 6611:Kassite homeland in the Zagros 6413:Belet-Šuḫnir and Belet-Terraban 5451:Monsters and apotropaic spirits 1892:Dūri and Dāri (derived from an 72:has on a human is described as 30:2300 BC, depicting the deities 22734:Soldt, Wilfred H. van (2005), 21597:Iraq after the Muslim conquest 21282:10.30687/978-88-6969-231-4/005 21276:. Antichistica. Vol. 17. 19549:Babylonian Topographical Texts 18249:, Cambridge University Press, 17906:Andrade, Nathanael J. (2013), 7172:, who originally lived in the 6047:Foreign deities in Mesopotamia 5666:and to Combabos mentioned by 5412:Debate between Sheep and Grain 5143:Marduk's Address to the Demons 3633:Marduk's Address to the Demons 3466:) and Anshar (in the god list 3050:, Inanna tells the gatekeeper 3016:, but is sometimes the son of 860:seven judges of the Underworld 78:physical creeping of the flesh 58:Deities in ancient Mesopotamia 1: 23915:Lists of mythological figures 23347:(2). Walter de Gruyter GmbH. 23148:, Berlin: Mouton Publishers, 22323:Sallaberger, Walther (2017), 21898:(1). Walter de Gruyter GmbH. 20980:Lambert, Wilfred G. (1987a), 20898:Lambert, Wilfred G. (1983b), 20838:Lambert, Wilfred G. (1983a). 20756:Lambert, Wilfred G. (1980a), 19877:Mesopotamian Cosmic Geography 18939:Clay, Albert Tobias (2006) , 18416:Beaulieu, Paul-Alain (2014). 18393:. Leiden Boston: Brill STYX. 18389:Beaulieu, Paul-Alain (2003). 18361:Beaulieu, Paul-Alain (1992). 16833:Ebeling & Wiggermann 2019 7250: 5915:, as gods of foreign nation ( 4482:Ninpumuna was the goddess of 4098:Nippur, Umma, Lagash, Dilbat 3817:, which is named after them. 3608:(not to be confused with the 3267:Igalima was a son of Bau and 3012:said to be the son of An and 2593:in the third millennium BCE. 2405: 2401: 2389: 2377:, Lagash, Girsu, Der, Nippur 2154:, mentioned in Book V of the 2139: 1181:and other temples in Nippur, 992:and uses stones to build the 949:E-šu-me-ša temple in Nippur, 198: 194: 165: 140: 136: 27: 23601:Reallexikon der Assyriologie 23560:Reallexikon der Assyriologie 23519:Reallexikon der Assyriologie 23478:Reallexikon der Assyriologie 23397:Reallexikon der Assyriologie 23078:Reallexikon der Assyriologie 22974:Reallexikon der Assyriologie 22933:Reallexikon der Assyriologie 22817:"The Mesopotamian God Kakka" 22744:Reallexikon der Assyriologie 22689:Altorientalische Forschungen 22528:Reallexikon der Assyriologie 22364:Schneider, Tammi J. (2011), 22333:Reallexikon der Assyriologie 22067:. In Bonnet, Corinne (ed.). 22032:Reallexikon der Assyriologie 22022:Pomponio, Francesco (1998), 21980:Peterson, Jeremiah (2016a). 21810:Peterson, Jeremiah (2009a). 21722:Journal of Cuneiform Studies 21489:Reallexikon der Assyriologie 21119:Reallexikon der Assyriologie 21062:Lambert, Wilfred G. (2013). 20990:Reallexikon der Assyriologie 20949:Reallexikon der Assyriologie 20939:Lambert, Wilfred G. (1987), 20908:Reallexikon der Assyriologie 20807:Reallexikon der Assyriologie 20797:Lambert, Wilfred G. (1983), 20766:Reallexikon der Assyriologie 20725:Reallexikon der Assyriologie 20715:Lambert, Wilfred G. (1980), 20642:Reallexikon der Assyriologie 20601:Reallexikon der Assyriologie 20560:Reallexikon der Assyriologie 20471:Reallexikon der Assyriologie 20430:Reallexikon der Assyriologie 20389:Reallexikon der Assyriologie 20379:Krebernik, Manfred (1987a), 20348:Reallexikon der Assyriologie 20271:Kramer, Samuel Noah (1963), 19768:Reallexikon der Assyriologie 19582:. Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns. 19429:. Leiden Boston, MA: Brill. 19392:Reallexikon der Assyriologie 19322:Reallexikon der Assyriologie 19281:Reallexikon der Assyriologie 18982:. Bethesda, Md.: CDL Press. 18888:Reallexikon der Assyriologie 18847:Reallexikon der Assyriologie 18806:Reallexikon der Assyriologie 18722:Reallexikon der Assyriologie 18633:, The British Museum Press, 18549:Reallexikon der Assyriologie 18508:(1). PERSEE Program: 25–39. 18446:Journal of Cuneiform Studies 18300:Reallexikon der Assyriologie 18273:10.1017/cbo9781139136952.004 6218:built a sanctuary to Apollo 4892:Šarrat-Dēri was the wife of 3382:Worshipped with Enki as his 2778:Enlil Chooses the Farmer-God 2632:Enlil Chooses the Farmer-God 1076:Dumuzid, later known by the 7: 23831:The Early History of Heaven 23634:"Transtigridian Snake Gods" 23136:Vanstiphout, H. L. (1984), 22815:Steinkeller, Piotr (1982). 22607:. Bethesda, Md: CDL Press. 22273:Saadi-Nejad, Manya (2021). 22105:Porter, Barbara N. (2004). 22071:. Caltanissetta: Sciascia. 21938:Peterson, Jeremiah (2014). 21886:Peterson, Jeremiah (2016). 21850:Peterson, Jeremiah (2011). 21766:Peterson, Jeremiah (2009). 21479:Michalowski, Piotr (2013), 21438:Michalowski, Piotr (1998), 21089:Launderville, Dale (2010), 20632:Krebernik, Manfred (2011), 20591:Krebernik, Manfred (2008), 20550:Krebernik, Manfred (2005), 20502:Krebernik, Manfred (2003). 20461:Krebernik, Manfred (1998), 20420:Krebernik, Manfred (1997), 20338:Krebernik, Manfred (1987), 20129:10.7592/FEJF2001.16.planets 20045:Jacobsen, Thorkild (1987), 19818:Herbert, Sharon. C (2003). 19271:Edzard, Dietz-Otto (1980), 19254:Cults and beliefs at Edessa 19227:Mesopotamian goddess Nanāja 18919:Ceccarelli, Manuel (2016), 18779:A Companion to Ancient Epic 18608:. Oxford University Press. 18082:. Atlanta: Lockwood Press. 12102:Wolkstein & Kramer 1983 10652:Wolkstein & Kramer 1983 10628:Wolkstein & Kramer 1983 9534:Wolkstein & Kramer 1983 9363:Wolkstein & Kramer 1983 8967:Wolkstein & Kramer 1983 8943:Wolkstein & Kramer 1983 8859:Wolkstein & Kramer 1983 8847:Wolkstein & Kramer 1983 8446:Nugent, Tony (1993-01-01). 8258:Coleman & Davidson 2015 7218: 6471:etc.) than a deity proper. 6277:was present on the island. 4078:Nindara was the husband of 3068:Gunura was the daughter of 2533:Isin, Larsa, Ur, and Girsu 1751:Inanna and the Huluppu Tree 852:descent into the Underworld 500:. His wife was the goddess 10: 24653: 23828:Wright, J. Edward (2002), 23353:10.1515/zava.1988.78.2.225 23240:Wasserman, Nathan (2008). 23203:Veenhof, Klaas R. (2018). 23011:Archiv für Orientforschung 22899:Stephens, Kathryn (2016), 22875:Stephens, Kathryn (2013), 22492:10.1163/156921208786182428 22445:10.1163/156921207783876404 21946:. Münster: Ugarit-Verlag. 21816:. Münster: Ugarit Verlag. 21689:Penglase, Charles (1994), 21378:McEvilley, Thomas (2002), 21347:McCall, Henrietta (1990), 21328:World History Encyclopedia 21181:Leick, Gwendolyn (2013) , 21150:Leick, Gwendolyn (1998) , 20175:10.1515/zava.1995.85.2.221 19984:Litke, Richard L. (1998). 19667:Grabbe, Lester L. (2010), 19627:George, Andrew R. (2003). 19607:"Glossary of Proper Nouns" 19578:George, Andrew R. (1993). 19546:George, Andrew R. (1992). 19476:. Potomac, MD: CDL Press. 19122:Dever, William G. (2003), 18767:10.1163/156852704323056643 18712:Brinkman, John A. (1980), 17868:. In Nasrabadi, B. (ed.). 16649:Bricault & Bonnet 2013 6984:and other Hurrian centers 6842:Hurrian areas, especially 6757:Hurrian areas, especially 5763:respectively in the past. 3793:Lugal-irra and Meslamta-ea 3548:. Her name means "Truth". 1755:The Creation of the Pickax 1481:. She was associated with 1259:. During the reign of the 709:, and to Egypt, as far as 189:, first attested from the 24573: 24339: 23921: 22787:10.1163/9789004187474_014 22649:. Leiden, Boston: Brill. 22474:Schwemer, Daniel (2008). 22424:Schwemer, Daniel (2007). 22384:Schwemer, Daniel (2001). 22232:"Ninurta, god of victory" 22186:Pryke, Louise M. (2017), 22123:10.1017/S0021088900001601 21564:10.1515/9781575063553-015 21225:Marchesi, Gianni (2006). 21064:Babylonian creation myths 20078:Jordan, Michael (2002) , 19956:10.1515/9781575066394-051 19836:2027/spo.0054307.0015.104 19472:Foster, Benjamin (1996). 19142:Dillery, John D. (2014). 18959:Cohen, Getzel M. (2013). 18602:Black, Jeremy A. (2006). 18243:Ataç, Mehmet-Ali (2018), 18032:10.1017/S0021088900000565 17849:10.1017/S002108890000320X 15908:Edzard & Lambert 1980 15555:Fechner & Tanret 2014 15522:Fechner & Tanret 2014 7125: 7102: 7069: 7053: 7036: 7003: 6962: 6943: 6912: 6886: 6856: 6827: 6804: 6778: 6749: 6730: 6700: 6663: 6626: 6605: 6582: 6553: 6527: 6497: 6475: 6438: 6411: 6389: 6359: 6315: 6281: 6242: 6190: 6159: 6107: 6067: 6018: 5996: 5977: 5950: 5927: 5894: 5864: 5837: 5804: 5767: 5736: 5713: 5689: 5674: 5640: 5622: 5589: 5542: 5522: 5471: 5466: 5463: 5460: 5457: 5418: 5363: 5347: 5320: 5302: 5283: 5264: 5234: 5215: 5196: 5178: 5153: 5131: 5108: 5086: 5071: 5044: 5018: 4987: 4949: 4921: 4900: 4881: 4858: 4837: 4822: 4799: 4766: 4736: 4723: 4696: 4669: 4635: 4621: 4589: 4567: 4514: 4490: 4467: 4448: 4432: 4413: 4394: 4372: 4352: 4337: 4314: 4258: 4239: 4213: 4188: 4175: 4160: 4141: 4114: 4086: 4067: 4051: 4034: 4016: 3988: 3959: 3943: 3928: 3893: 3875: 3844: 3821: 3791: 3750: 3735: 3705: 3663: 3639: 3620: 3591: 3572: 3552: 3533: 3517: 3490: 3445: 3431: 3408: 3367: 3353: 3325: 3296: 3275: 3256: 3221: 3204: 3184: 3161: 3103: 3080: 3058: 3024: 2990: 2948: 2922: 2899: 2870: 2831: 2804: 2765: 2746: 2733: 2719:Inanna prefers the farmer 2694: 2658: 2619: 2597: 2565: 2549: 2525: 2493: 2470: 2445: 2431: 2408:1155 BC), a scribe named 2351: 2332: 2303: 2276: 2253: 2223: 2202: 2176: 2120: 2099: 2072: 2050: 2034: 2029: 2026: 2023: 2020: 2007:imagined her appearance. 1984: 1958: 1945: 1925: 1905: 1901:(Old Babylonian period). 1886: 1853: 1841:mythology under the name 1821: 1799: 1794: 1791: 1788: 1699: 1647: 1581: 1543: 1494: 1455: 1424: 1353: 1279: 1223: 1205:Gula ("the great"), from 1147: 1088: 1046: 1004: 930: 874: 803: 764: 721: 652: 605: 564: 457: 405: 353: 348: 345: 342: 339: 336: 23748:Wilhelm, Gernot (1989). 23552:"Nergal A. Philological" 22641:Sharlach, Tonia (2007). 22599:Sharlach, Tonia (2002). 22230:Robson, Eleanor (2015), 21595:Morony, Michael (1984). 21398:MacGinnis, John (2020). 21265:Marcato, Enrico (2018). 20381:"Mamma, Mammi, Mammītum" 19874:Horowitz, Wayne (1998), 19169:Dirven, Lucinda (2014). 18143:Archi, Alfonso (2015a). 17864:Alvarez-Mon, J. (2018). 17784:Ackerman, Susan (2005), 14199:Behrens & Klein 1998 14184:Behrens & Klein 1998 14157:Behrens & Klein 1998 14140:Behrens & Klein 1998 14123:Behrens & Klein 1998 8452:Religion - Dissertations 7018:Kassite homeland in the 5408:Enki and the World Order 5059:Šulšagana is the son of 3955:associated with Marduk. 3304:Assur, a town near Nuzi 3149:and may have had one in 2690:also remains uncertain. 2398:Middle Babylonian Period 977:bird after it stole the 544:Enki and the World Order 131:that existed during the 60:were almost exclusively 24630:Mythology-related lists 24099:Indian-origin religions 23708:Wiggins, Steve (2007). 23672:Oxford Handbooks Online 23049:Taracha, Piotr (2009). 21670:Parker, Robert (2017). 21412:10.2307/j.ctv1ddckv5.12 19605:George, Andrew (1999), 19353:Erickson, Kyle (2011). 19205:Doniger, Wendy (1990), 19190:10.1515/janeh-2014-0004 18978:Cohen, Mark E. (1993). 18688:Brisch, Nicole (2016), 18514:10.3406/ktema.1999.2206 18116:Archi, Alfonso (2015). 18074:Archi, Alfonso (2013). 18014:Archi, Alfonso (2010). 17970:Archi, Alfonso (2004). 17926:Archi, Alfonso (1990). 7235:List of Hurrian deities 7230:List of Hittite deities 7225:List of Elamite deities 7198:Deuteronomistic History 7005:Shuqamuna and Shumaliya 6499:Hahharnum and Hayyashum 5257:Library of Ashurbanipal 4247:Muru, Girima near Uruk 3321:, has broken its wing. 2956:Nippur, Isin, and Uruk 2373:, a small village near 2131:temple complex in Uruk 740:E-kiš-nu-ğal temple in 213:are used synonymously. 22701:10.1515/aofo-2017-0009 22559:Selz, Gebhard (1995). 22520:"Ḫarbe, archäologisch" 22518:Seidl, Ursula (1972), 22024:"Nabû A. Philological" 19521:Hurrians and Subarians 19375:Assyriological Studies 18440:Beckman, Gary (1998). 17556:Black & Green 1992 17183:Black & Green 1992 16821:Black & Green 1992 16806:Black & Green 1992 16791:Black & Green 1992 16088:Black & Green 1992 16055:Black & Green 1992 16016:Black & Green 1992 15823:Black & Green 1992 15785:Black & Green 1992 15706:Black & Green 1992 15640:Black & Green 1992 15628:Black & Green 1992 14927:Black & Green 1992 14888:Black & Green 1992 14458:Black & Green 1992 14446:Black & Green 1992 14388:Black & Green 1992 14220:Black & Green 1992 14017:Black & Green 1992 14005:Black & Green 1992 13763:Black & Green 1992 13724:Black & Green 1992 13712:Black & Green 1992 13691:Black & Green 1992 13318:Black & Green 1992 13182:Black & Green 1992 12998:Black & Green 1992 12820:Black & Green 1992 12772:Black & Green 1992 12726:Black & Green 1992 12177:Black & Green 1992 12162:Black & Green 1992 11974:Black & Green 1992 11816:Black & Green 1992 11729:Black & Green 1992 11704:Black & Green 1992 11571:Black & Green 1992 11331:Black & Green 1992 10982:Black & Green 1992 10867:Black & Green 1992 10795:Black & Green 1992 10592:Drewnowska-Rymarz 2008 10530:Black & Green 1992 10459:Black & Green 1992 10394:Black & Green 1992 10334:Drewnowska-Rymarz 2008 10322:Drewnowska-Rymarz 2008 10310:Drewnowska-Rymarz 2008 10298:Drewnowska-Rymarz 2008 10286:Drewnowska-Rymarz 2008 10247:Drewnowska-Rymarz 2008 10235:Drewnowska-Rymarz 2008 10223:Drewnowska-Rymarz 2008 10199:Black & Green 1992 9905:Black & Green 1992 9845:Black & Green 1992 9565:Black & Green 1992 9502:Black & Green 1992 9439:Black & Green 1992 9351:Black & Green 1992 9330:Kasak & Veede 2001 9318:Black & Green 1992 9299:Kasak & Veede 2001 9287:Black & Green 1992 9275:Kasak & Veede 2001 9251:Black & Green 1992 9214:Black & Green 1992 9190:Black & Green 1992 9178:Black & Green 1992 9153:Black & Green 1992 9129:Black & Green 1992 8998:Black & Green 1992 8849:, pp. ix–xi, xvi. 8835:Black & Green 1992 8805:Black & Green 1992 8769:Black & Green 1992 8740:Black & Green 1992 8705:Kasak & Veede 2001 8625:Black & Green 1992 8578:Black & Green 1992 8566:Black & Green 1992 8505:Black & Green 1992 8486:Kasak & Veede 2001 8474:Black & Green 1992 8434:Black & Green 1992 8291:Black & Green 1992 8279:Black & Green 1992 8084:Black & Green 1992 8017:Black & Green 1992 7988:Black & Green 1992 7953:Black & Green 1992 7734:Black & Green 1992 7681:Black & Green 1992 7558:Black & Green 1992 7473:Black & Green 1992 7458:Black & Green 1992 7443:Black & Green 1992 7389:Black & Green 1992 7370:Black & Green 1992 7343:Black & Green 1992 7324:Black & Green 1992 7307:Black & Green 1992 7292:Black & Green 1992 7280:Black & Green 1992 7154: 7014: 6973: 6897: 6867: 6838: 6711: 6637: 6538: 6508: 6449: 6370: 6326: 6253: 6216:Seleucia on the Tigris 6201: 6170: 6122: 6078: 6007: 5961: 5875: 5848: 5815: 5778: 5747: 5655: 5600: 5553: 5486: 5097: 4936: 4777: 4646: 4600: 4525: 4425:Ḫurim, Guabba, Lagash 4284:The Death of Gilgamesh 4269: 4224: 3802: 3719:Lisin and her brother 3378: 3001: 2815: 2366: 1658: 1592: 1466: 1435: 1294: 1234: 1173: 1099: 1061: 1015: 945: 889: 818: 779: 744:and another temple in 736: 663: 616: 575: 472: 463:Nudimmud, Ninshiku, Ea 420: 368: 54: 46: 24635:Mesopotamian religion 23951:Australian Aboriginal 23858:10.1515/9783110757262 23848:Zisa, Gioele (2021). 23292:Weeden, Mark (2016), 23258:10.3917/assy.102.0071 23218:10.3917/assy.112.0049 22964:Stol, Martin (2019), 22923:Stol, Martin (1998), 22439:(2). Brill: 121–168. 21622:Murat, Leyla (2009). 20593:"Richtergott(heiten)" 20065:James, E. O. (1963), 19942:Klein, Jacob (2010). 19519:Gelb, Ignace (1973). 19423:Feliu, Lluís (2003). 19067:(2). Wiley: 177–185. 18714:"Kassiten · Kassites" 18647:Blum, Erhard (1998), 18290:Bauer, Josef (1987), 18126:10.1515/9781614517887 18118:Ebla and Its Archives 17508:Pongratz-Leisten 2012 16911:Pongratz-Leisten 2012 16709:Pongratz-Leisten 2012 7153: 7013: 6972: 6896: 6866: 6837: 6710: 6636: 6537: 6507: 6448: 6369: 6325: 6252: 6200: 6169: 6121: 6077: 6006: 5960: 5874: 5847: 5814: 5777: 5746: 5654: 5599: 5552: 5485: 5145:he appears alongside 5096: 4935: 4776: 4686:The Marriage of Martu 4645: 4599: 4524: 4479:, possibly Gishbanda 4294:, in the Underworld. 4268: 4223: 3801: 3464:Nergal and Ereshkigal 3377: 3000: 2814: 2386:Early Dynastic Period 2365: 2297:Neo-Babylonian Period 1919:Early Dynastic period 1657: 1591: 1558:, Kish, Ḫursaĝkalama 1488:First Sealand dynasty 1465: 1434: 1293: 1273:neo-Babylonian period 1269:Old Babylonian period 1233: 1172: 1098: 1060: 1014: 988:, he slays the demon 970:, originally Mercury 944: 888: 817: 778: 735: 727:Enzu, Zuen, Suen, Sin 662: 615: 574: 471: 419: 367: 191:Old Babylonian Period 92:, including the word 52: 21: 24620:Mesopotamian deities 23174:van der Toorn, Karel 21904:10.1515/za-2016-0004 21400:"The gods of Arbail" 20673:Krul, Julia (2018). 20081:Encyclopedia of Gods 19918:Horry, Ruth (2016), 19894:Horry, Ruth (2013), 19724:History of Religions 17056:, pp. 361, 366. 16405:, pp. 124, 138. 9192:, pp. 138, 142. 8861:, pp. xiii, xv. 6574:. Evidence from the 6419:Šuḫnir and Terraban 5707:divine determinative 4760:Old Aramaic-speaking 4126:Ekišnuĝal temple in 2961:dream interpretation 2914:, who built a small 1177:E-gal-mah temple in 783:E-Babbar temples at 123:. The gods also had 22267:1998JBAA..108....9R 21784:10.1515/ZA.2009.006 21744:10.1086/JCS25608622 20681:. Münster: Zaphon. 20238:Kramer, Samuel Noah 20209:Katz, Dina (2003), 20157:Katz, Dina (1995). 19229:. Warszawa: Agade. 17770:, pp. 310–313. 17734:, pp. 302–305. 17068:, pp. 354–355. 17044:, pp. 364–366. 16925:, pp. 322–323. 16889:, pp. 324–325. 16735:, pp. 101–102. 16663:, pp. 101–113. 16639:, pp. 156–157. 16540:, pp. 140–142. 16255:, pp. 173–174. 16195:, pp. 169–171. 16090:, pp. 147–148. 16057:, pp. 115–116. 15997:, pp. 164–165. 15849:, pp. 144–145. 15720:, pp. 166–167. 15672:, pp. 153–154. 15642:, pp. 107–108. 15581:, pp. 192–193. 15306:, pp. 130–131. 15214:, pp. 413–414. 14890:, pp. 132–133. 14460:, pp. 139–140. 14019:, pp. 129–130. 13726:, pp. 123–124. 13660:, pp. 240–241. 13588:, pp. 506–507. 13441:, pp. 418–419. 13344:, pp. 432–424. 13320:, pp. 112–113. 13296:, pp. 316–317. 13145:, pp. 196–197. 13097:, pp. 358–359. 12636:, pp. 221–222. 12621:, pp. 220–221. 12104:, pp. 157–159. 12080:, pp. 174–175. 12027:, pp. 126–128. 12015:, pp. 125–126. 11988:, pp. 124–125. 11830:, pp. 224–225. 11753:Such-Gutiérrez 2005 11389:, pp. 353–354. 11114:, pp. 316–317. 10925:, pp. 107–134. 10901:, pp. 107–108. 10857:, pp. 107–147. 10747:, pp. 145–146. 10582:, pp. 228–229. 10461:, pp. 140–141. 10449:, pp. 168–169. 10336:, pp. 160–161. 10237:, pp. 116–117. 10055:, pp. 123–133. 9289:, pp. 142–143. 9216:, pp. 71, 138. 9090:, pp. 139–140. 8957:, pp. 102–104. 8915:, pp. 101–103. 8885:, pp. 225–228. 8320:, pp. 115–121. 8308:, pp. 231–234. 8169:, pp. 405–426. 8101:, pp. 261–278. 7990:, pp. 182–184. 7955:, pp. 108–109. 7930:, pp. 201–203. 7918:, pp. 122–123. 7826:, pp. 262–263. 7799:, pp. 279–280. 7748:, pp. 120–122. 7719:, pp. 127–140. 7433:, pp. 186–188. 7421:, pp. 186–187. 7309:, pp. 130–131. 6888:Ninatta and Kulitta 6770:text as the god of 5788:Neo-Assyrian Period 5701:he is described as 5506:Tablet of Destinies 4972:Tablet of Destinies 4322:Kiabrig, Ur, Larsa 4030:("righteousness"). 3687:Tiglath-Pileser III 3541:Bad-Tibira, Rahabu 2299:(626 BC – 539 BC). 2027:Major cult centers 1261:Third Dynasty of Ur 1019:E-Meslam temple in 979:Tablet of Destinies 343:Major cult centers 201:1531 BC). The name 133:Third Dynasty of Ur 121:religious festivals 22486:(1). Brill: 1–44. 21521:Miller, Patrick D. 21350:Mesopotamian Myths 20012:Jacobsen, Thorkild 16389:2021-05-22 at the 15129:van der Toorn 1996 13427:van der Toorn 1995 12179:, pp. 57, 73. 8293:, pp. 74, 76. 7155: 7015: 6974: 6898: 6868: 6839: 6800:Minimzir/Mirizir. 6794:Wilfred G. Lambert 6712: 6647:Inshushinak (from 6638: 6539: 6509: 6450: 6371: 6327: 6254: 6202: 6171: 6123: 6091:rule, a number of 6079: 6008: 5962: 5876: 5849: 5816: 5779: 5748: 5668:Lucian of Samosata 5656: 5601: 5554: 5487: 5464:Associated god(s) 5388:Enki and Ninhursag 5098: 5020:Shullat and Hanish 4974:, but refuses. In 4937: 4781:Isin, Nippur, and 4778: 4762:population there. 4647: 4601: 4526: 4502:Nippur, Shuruppak 4456:Kisiga, Shuruppak 4360:Shuruppak, Nippur 4270: 4225: 3803: 3785:Sumerian King List 3398:Enki and Ninhursag 3379: 3347:Wilfred G. Lambert 3002: 2816: 2788:2021-05-07 at the 2723:Samuel Noah Kramer 2715:Enkimdu and Dumuzi 2685:2021-10-03 at the 2642:2021-05-07 at the 2367: 2321:Populus euphratica 1915:ancestors of Enlil 1659: 1629:Akkadian mythology 1593: 1467: 1436: 1382:was the snake-god 1301:, Assur, Kurba'il 1295: 1235: 1174: 1100: 1062: 1016: 946: 890: 880:Damgalnuna, Ninmah 819: 780: 737: 664: 617: 576: 524:, and the goddess 473: 421: 395:Wilfred G. Lambert 369: 256:, and later on in 222:Samuel Noah Kramer 86:Akkadian languages 76:, a word for the " 55: 47: 24605: 24604: 23867:978-3-11-075726-2 23841:978-0-19-534849-1 23821:978-0-06-090854-6 23801:978-0-19-515142-8 23761:978-0-85668-442-5 23721:978-1-59333-717-9 23647:978-90-56-93005-9 23441:978-90-72371-52-2 23327:978-90-56-93005-9 23189:978-90-04-10410-5 23155:978-90-279-3460-4 22796:978-90-04-18748-1 22656:978-90-474-2085-9 22572:978-0-924171-00-0 22397:978-3-447-04456-1 22377:978-0-8028-2959-7 22316:978-0-88029-127-9 22284:978-1-83860-111-9 22199:978-1-138-86073-5 22078:978-88-8241-388-0 21995:978-3-86835-202-3 21953:978-3-86835-076-0 21823:978-3-86835-019-7 21702:978-0-415-15706-3 21681:978-0-520-29394-6 21672:Greek Gods Abroad 21663:978-0-313-29497-6 21606:978-0-691-05395-0 21536:978-0-664-21262-9 21391:978-1-58115-203-6 21360:978-0-292-75130-9 21291:978-88-6969-233-8 21238:978-88-901286-4-6 21194:978-1-134-92074-7 21163:978-0-415-19811-0 21102:978-0-8146-5734-8 21073:978-1-57506-861-9 21034:978-1-885923-44-8 20688:978-3-96327-010-9 20304:Anatolian Studies 20284:978-0-226-45238-8 20253:978-0-8122-1047-7 20229:978-90-56-93005-9 20091:978-0-8160-5923-2 20058:978-0-300-07278-5 20027:978-1-55635-952-1 19995:978-0-9667495-0-2 19887:978-0-931464-99-7 19867:978-0-7425-9979-6 19810:978-90-6258-414-7 19680:978-0-567-55248-8 19620:978-0-14-044919-8 19559:978-90-6831-410-6 19530:978-0-226-62393-1 19512:978-0-520-04106-6 19465:978-0-7432-2338-6 19263:978-9-004-29562-9 19236:978-83-87111-41-0 19218:978-0-87779-044-0 19153:978-0-472-05227-1 19135:978-0-8028-4416-3 19104:978-0-567-53783-6 19073:10.1111/aae.12005 19041:978-0-19-283589-5 19026:Dalley, Stephanie 19018:978-1-78404-478-7 18970:978-0-520-95356-7 18952:978-1-59752-718-7 18932:978-3-16-154278-7 18839:"Nin-ama'arḫuššu" 18789:978-1-4051-0524-8 18680:978-9-004-25690-3 18662:978-3-290-17536-8 18640:978-0-7141-1705-8 18615:978-0-19-929633-0 18595:978-90-5356-503-2 18400:978-90-04-13024-1 18367:Acta Sumerologica 18346:978-90-04-13103-3 18256:978-1-107-15495-7 18221:978-3-7278-1738-0 18198:978-0-19-507618-9 18135:978-1-61451-716-0 18089:978-1-937040-11-6 17919:978-1-107-01205-9 17879:978-3-88120-868-0 17817:978-0-8006-2393-7 17797:978-0-231-13260-2 17758:, pp. 32–33. 17602:, pp. 37–39. 17534:, pp. 41–44. 17158:, pp. 47–48. 16793:, pp. 41–42. 16711:, pp. 86–87. 16465:, pp. 13–30. 16453:, pp. 51–63. 15687:, pp. 39–40. 15657:, pp. 33–34. 15605:, pp. 28–29. 15569:, pp. 27–28. 15503:, pp. 68–69. 12810:, pp. 67–68. 12568:, pp. 88–89. 12284:, pp. 49–50. 12203:, pp. 59–60. 12191:, pp. 21–22. 12131:, pp. 58–59. 11947:, pp. 37–38. 11573:, pp. 34–35. 11030:, pp. 22–23. 10884:, pp. 30–41. 10869:, pp. 53–54. 10845:, pp. 93–94. 10654:, pp. 61–63. 10642:, pp. 92–94. 10630:, pp. 20–27. 10618:, pp. 67–68. 10432:, pp. 37–38. 10324:, pp. 42–43. 10300:, pp. 23–24. 10249:, pp. 97–98. 9763:, pp. 21–22. 9644:, pp. 82–83. 9456:, pp. 74–84. 9418:, pp. 83–87. 9406:, pp. 83–84. 9394:, pp. 87–88. 9365:, pp. 74–84. 9277:, pp. 25–26. 9143:, pp. 58–59. 8969:, pp. 71–89. 8945:, pp. 52–71. 8930:, pp. 83–96. 8786:, pp. 36–37. 8707:, pp. 17–18. 8580:, pp. 37–38. 8531:, pp. 85–86. 8397:, pp. 34–35. 7572:, pp. 52–53. 7525:, pp. 53–54. 7460:, pp. 44–45. 7294:, pp. 93–94. 7265:, pp. 32–33. 7216: 7215: 7206:sole, supreme God 7190:Temple of Solomon 7146: 7109: 6956:Isin-Larsa period 6722:Her symbols were 6670: 6641:Elam, especially 6432:Puzur-Inshushinak 6114: 6044: 6043: 5647: 5583:Epic of Gilgamesh 5566:Epic of Gilgamesh 5478: 5448: 5447: 5434:Epic of Gilgamesh 5425: 5327: 5222: 5203: 5190:Epic of Gilgamesh 5051: 5030:Epic of Gilgamesh 4928: 4703: 4497: 4420: 4121: 4093: 3995: 3882: 3828: 3565:Theogony of Dunnu 3228: 3168: 2936:describes her as 2877: 2853:Epic of Gilgamesh 2838: 2680:Inanna and Bilulu 2609:Thorkild Jacobsen 2415:Epic of Gilgamesh 2358: 2310: 2288:Sippar and Larsa 2283: 2160:as the mother of 2011: 2010: 1741:Primordial beings 1738: 1737: 1286: 1185:, Assur, Sippar, 1165: 1053: 937: 881: 810: 771: 728: 691:Nebuchadnezzar II 464: 412: 360: 289:Sumerian religion 24642: 24625:Lists of deities 24594: 24593: 24582: 24424:King of the gods 23908: 23901: 23894: 23885: 23884: 23879: 23844: 23824: 23804: 23784: 23782: 23781: 23744: 23742: 23741: 23704: 23702: 23701: 23662: 23660: 23659: 23628: 23622: 23614: 23613: 23612: 23587: 23581: 23573: 23572: 23571: 23546: 23540: 23532: 23531: 23530: 23505: 23499: 23491: 23490: 23489: 23464: 23462: 23461: 23424: 23418: 23410: 23409: 23408: 23383: 23381: 23380: 23331: 23312: 23311: 23309: 23288: 23286: 23285: 23236: 23234: 23233: 23220: 23199: 23197: 23196: 23169: 23168: 23167: 23132: 23105: 23099: 23091: 23090: 23089: 23064: 23053:. Harrassowitz. 23045: 23043: 23042: 23001: 22995: 22987: 22986: 22985: 22960: 22954: 22946: 22945: 22944: 22919: 22918: 22916: 22895: 22894: 22892: 22871: 22869: 22868: 22811: 22809: 22808: 22771: 22765: 22757: 22756: 22755: 22730: 22729: 22728: 22679: 22677: 22676: 22637: 22635: 22634: 22595: 22593: 22592: 22555: 22549: 22541: 22540: 22539: 22514: 22512: 22511: 22470: 22468: 22467: 22461: 22430: 22420: 22418: 22417: 22380: 22360: 22354: 22346: 22345: 22344: 22319: 22309:, Dorset Press, 22296: 22269: 22249: 22248: 22247: 22226: 22213: 22212: 22211: 22182: 22161: 22159: 22158: 22101: 22099: 22098: 22059: 22053: 22045: 22044: 22043: 22018: 22016: 22015: 21976: 21974: 21973: 21934: 21932: 21931: 21882: 21880: 21879: 21846: 21844: 21843: 21806: 21804: 21803: 21762: 21737: 21716: 21715: 21714: 21685: 21666: 21646: 21644: 21643: 21624:"Goddess Išhara" 21618: 21591: 21589: 21588: 21582: 21549: 21539: 21516: 21510: 21502: 21501: 21500: 21475: 21469: 21461: 21460: 21459: 21434: 21432: 21431: 21394: 21374: 21373: 21372: 21343: 21342: 21340: 21317: 21315: 21314: 21308: 21271: 21261: 21259: 21258: 21221: 21220: 21218: 21197: 21177: 21176: 21175: 21146: 21140: 21132: 21131: 21130: 21105: 21085: 21058: 21056: 21054: 21017: 21011: 21003: 21002: 21001: 20976: 20970: 20962: 20961: 20960: 20935: 20929: 20921: 20920: 20919: 20894: 20892: 20891: 20834: 20828: 20820: 20819: 20818: 20793: 20787: 20779: 20778: 20777: 20752: 20746: 20738: 20737: 20736: 20711: 20709: 20708: 20669: 20663: 20655: 20654: 20653: 20628: 20622: 20614: 20613: 20612: 20587: 20581: 20573: 20572: 20571: 20546: 20544: 20543: 20537: 20508: 20498: 20492: 20484: 20483: 20482: 20457: 20451: 20443: 20442: 20441: 20416: 20410: 20402: 20401: 20400: 20375: 20369: 20361: 20360: 20359: 20334: 20298: 20297: 20296: 20267: 20266: 20265: 20233: 20214: 20205: 20203: 20202: 20153: 20152: 20151: 20145: 20122: 20104: 20094: 20074: 20061: 20041: 20040: 20039: 20007: 19980: 19978: 19977: 19938: 19937: 19935: 19914: 19913: 19911: 19890: 19870: 19850: 19848: 19847: 19814: 19795: 19789: 19781: 19780: 19779: 19754: 19718: 19694: 19693: 19692: 19663: 19661: 19660: 19623: 19601: 19574: 19572: 19571: 19542: 19515: 19495: 19468: 19448: 19419: 19413: 19405: 19404: 19403: 19378: 19369: 19359: 19349: 19343: 19335: 19334: 19333: 19308: 19302: 19294: 19293: 19292: 19267: 19248: 19221: 19201: 19175: 19165: 19138: 19118: 19117: 19116: 19084: 19055: 19054: 19053: 19021: 19001: 18974: 18955: 18935: 18915: 18909: 18901: 18900: 18899: 18874: 18868: 18860: 18859: 18858: 18833: 18827: 18819: 18818: 18817: 18792: 18769: 18749: 18743: 18735: 18734: 18733: 18708: 18707: 18705: 18684: 18665: 18643: 18625: 18623: 18622: 18598: 18576: 18570: 18562: 18561: 18560: 18535: 18525: 18496: 18494: 18493: 18436: 18434: 18433: 18412: 18385: 18383: 18382: 18357: 18327: 18321: 18313: 18312: 18311: 18286: 18265:Universal Empire 18259: 18239: 18237: 18236: 18230: 18213: 18201: 18183: 18181: 18180: 18139: 18112: 18110: 18109: 18070: 18068: 18067: 18010: 18008: 18007: 17966: 17964: 17963: 17922: 17902: 17900: 17899: 17860: 17831: 17830: 17829: 17800: 17771: 17765: 17759: 17753: 17747: 17741: 17735: 17729: 17723: 17717: 17711: 17705: 17696: 17690: 17681: 17675: 17666: 17660: 17651: 17645: 17639: 17633: 17627: 17621: 17615: 17609: 17603: 17597: 17591: 17585: 17576: 17570: 17559: 17553: 17547: 17541: 17535: 17529: 17523: 17517: 17511: 17505: 17499: 17493: 17487: 17481: 17475: 17469: 17463: 17457: 17451: 17445: 17439: 17433: 17427: 17421: 17415: 17409: 17403: 17397: 17391: 17385: 17379: 17373: 17367: 17361: 17355: 17349: 17338: 17332: 17326: 17320: 17314: 17308: 17299: 17293: 17280: 17274: 17263: 17257: 17251: 17245: 17239: 17233: 17227: 17221: 17215: 17209: 17203: 17197: 17186: 17180: 17159: 17153: 17147: 17141: 17135: 17129: 17123: 17117: 17111: 17105: 17096: 17090: 17081: 17075: 17069: 17063: 17057: 17051: 17045: 17039: 17033: 17027: 17021: 17015: 17009: 17003: 16997: 16991: 16985: 16982:Wiggermann 2011a 16979: 16970: 16964: 16953: 16947: 16941: 16935: 16926: 16920: 16914: 16908: 16902: 16896: 16890: 16884: 16875: 16869: 16860: 16854: 16848: 16842: 16836: 16830: 16824: 16818: 16809: 16803: 16794: 16788: 16782: 16779:Alvarez-Mon 2018 16776: 16770: 16764: 16755: 16749: 16736: 16730: 16724: 16718: 16712: 16706: 16700: 16694: 16688: 16682: 16676: 16670: 16664: 16658: 16652: 16646: 16640: 16634: 16628: 16622: 16616: 16610: 16604: 16598: 16592: 16586: 16580: 16574: 16568: 16562: 16556: 16550: 16541: 16535: 16529: 16523: 16517: 16511: 16505: 16499: 16493: 16487: 16478: 16472: 16466: 16460: 16454: 16448: 16442: 16436: 16430: 16427:Saadi-Nejad 2021 16424: 16418: 16412: 16406: 16400: 16394: 16379: 16373: 16367: 16361: 16355: 16346: 16340: 16334: 16328: 16313: 16307: 16301: 16295: 16286: 16280: 16271: 16265: 16256: 16250: 16241: 16235: 16226: 16220: 16211: 16205: 16196: 16190: 16184: 16178: 16165: 16159: 16153: 16147: 16141: 16135: 16126: 16120: 16103: 16097: 16091: 16085: 16079: 16073: 16058: 16052: 16046: 16040: 16031: 16025: 16019: 16013: 15998: 15992: 15986: 15980: 15974: 15968: 15962: 15956: 15947: 15941: 15932: 15926: 15911: 15905: 15892: 15886: 15877: 15871: 15865: 15859: 15850: 15844: 15838: 15832: 15826: 15820: 15807: 15801: 15788: 15782: 15767: 15761: 15752: 15746: 15733: 15727: 15721: 15715: 15709: 15703: 15688: 15682: 15673: 15667: 15658: 15652: 15643: 15637: 15631: 15625: 15606: 15600: 15594: 15588: 15582: 15576: 15570: 15564: 15558: 15552: 15546: 15540: 15525: 15519: 15504: 15498: 15492: 15486: 15480: 15474: 15468: 15462: 15456: 15450: 15444: 15438: 15432: 15426: 15420: 15414: 15408: 15402: 15381: 15375: 15366: 15360: 15351: 15345: 15334: 15328: 15322: 15316: 15307: 15301: 15292: 15286: 15273: 15267: 15261: 15255: 15249: 15243: 15230: 15224: 15215: 15209: 15203: 15197: 15188: 15182: 15176: 15170: 15164: 15158: 15147: 15144:Michalowski 2013 15141: 15132: 15126: 15117: 15111: 15105: 15099: 15093: 15087: 15081: 15075: 15066: 15060: 15054: 15048: 15037: 15031: 15025: 15019: 15013: 15007: 14998: 14992: 14986: 14980: 14969: 14963: 14957: 14951: 14942: 14936: 14930: 14924: 14891: 14885: 14879: 14873: 14862: 14856: 14843: 14837: 14826: 14820: 14809: 14803: 14788: 14782: 14776: 14770: 14761: 14755: 14746: 14740: 14734: 14728: 14719: 14713: 14704: 14698: 14692: 14686: 14677: 14671: 14665: 14659: 14653: 14647: 14641: 14635: 14629: 14623: 14617: 14611: 14605: 14599: 14590: 14584: 14575: 14569: 14558: 14552: 14541: 14535: 14526: 14520: 14514: 14508: 14497: 14491: 14485: 14479: 14473: 14467: 14461: 14455: 14449: 14443: 14432: 14426: 14420: 14414: 14403: 14397: 14391: 14385: 14368: 14362: 14356: 14350: 14344: 14338: 14325: 14319: 14313: 14307: 14296: 14290: 14281: 14275: 14262: 14256: 14250: 14244: 14235: 14229: 14223: 14217: 14202: 14196: 14187: 14181: 14172: 14166: 14160: 14154: 14143: 14137: 14126: 14120: 14109: 14103: 14097: 14091: 14085: 14079: 14073: 14067: 14056: 14050: 14041: 14035: 14020: 14014: 14008: 14002: 13993: 13987: 13981: 13975: 13969: 13963: 13952: 13946: 13937: 13931: 13918: 13912: 13906: 13900: 13891: 13885: 13879: 13873: 13860: 13854: 13843: 13837: 13831: 13825: 13810: 13804: 13798: 13792: 13783: 13777: 13766: 13760: 13727: 13721: 13715: 13709: 13694: 13688: 13661: 13655: 13649: 13643: 13637: 13631: 13625: 13619: 13606: 13600: 13589: 13583: 13574: 13568: 13562: 13559:Wiggermann 1998b 13556: 13537: 13531: 13520: 13514: 13508: 13502: 13489: 13483: 13474: 13468: 13457: 13451: 13442: 13436: 13430: 13424: 13415: 13409: 13403: 13397: 13384: 13378: 13372: 13366: 13357: 13351: 13345: 13339: 13333: 13327: 13321: 13315: 13309: 13303: 13297: 13291: 13285: 13279: 13270: 13264: 13255: 13249: 13236: 13230: 13221: 13215: 13209: 13206:Steinkeller 1982 13203: 13197: 13191: 13185: 13179: 13158: 13152: 13146: 13140: 13134: 13128: 13115: 13109: 13098: 13092: 13086: 13080: 13071: 13065: 13052: 13046: 13037: 13031: 13025: 13019: 13013: 13007: 13001: 12995: 12982: 12976: 12970: 12964: 12958: 12952: 12946: 12940: 12934: 12928: 12915: 12909: 12903: 12897: 12891: 12885: 12879: 12873: 12864: 12858: 12852: 12846: 12823: 12817: 12811: 12805: 12799: 12793: 12787: 12781: 12775: 12769: 12763: 12757: 12744: 12738: 12729: 12723: 12698: 12692: 12686: 12680: 12669: 12663: 12652: 12646: 12637: 12631: 12622: 12616: 12607: 12601: 12586: 12580: 12569: 12563: 12557: 12551: 12536: 12530: 12517: 12511: 12494: 12488: 12482: 12476: 12470: 12464: 12458: 12452: 12443: 12437: 12426: 12420: 12414: 12408: 12402: 12399:Mittermayer 2015 12396: 12387: 12381: 12375: 12369: 12363: 12357: 12348: 12342: 12331: 12325: 12319: 12313: 12300: 12294: 12285: 12279: 12270: 12264: 12255: 12249: 12243: 12237: 12231: 12225: 12219: 12213: 12204: 12198: 12192: 12186: 12180: 12174: 12165: 12159: 12144: 12138: 12132: 12126: 12120: 12114: 12105: 12099: 12093: 12087: 12081: 12075: 12069: 12063: 12052: 12046: 12040: 12034: 12028: 12022: 12016: 12010: 12004: 11998: 11989: 11983: 11977: 11971: 11948: 11942: 11936: 11930: 11921: 11915: 11909: 11903: 11897: 11891: 11880: 11874: 11868: 11862: 11856: 11850: 11831: 11825: 11819: 11813: 11780: 11774: 11768: 11762: 11756: 11750: 11744: 11738: 11732: 11726: 11707: 11701: 11684: 11678: 11669: 11663: 11654: 11648: 11642: 11636: 11625: 11619: 11613: 11607: 11601: 11595: 11586: 11580: 11574: 11568: 11562: 11556: 11550: 11544: 11538: 11532: 11523: 11520:Nemet-Nejat 1998 11517: 11511: 11505: 11496: 11490: 11484: 11478: 11472: 11466: 11460: 11457:Wiggermann 1998a 11454: 11443: 11437: 11431: 11425: 11414: 11408: 11402: 11396: 11390: 11384: 11378: 11372: 11366: 11360: 11349: 11343: 11334: 11328: 11309: 11303: 11297: 11291: 11282: 11276: 11270: 11264: 11258: 11252: 11246: 11240: 11229: 11223: 11217: 11211: 11205: 11199: 11190: 11184: 11178: 11172: 11166: 11160: 11154: 11148: 11142: 11136: 11130: 11124: 11115: 11109: 11103: 11097: 11091: 11085: 11079: 11073: 11067: 11061: 11055: 11049: 11043: 11037: 11031: 11025: 11019: 11013: 11000: 10994: 10985: 10979: 10968: 10962: 10953: 10947: 10941: 10935: 10926: 10920: 10914: 10908: 10902: 10896: 10885: 10879: 10870: 10864: 10858: 10852: 10846: 10840: 10834: 10831:Sallaberger 2017 10828: 10822: 10819:Sallaberger 2017 10816: 10810: 10807:Sallaberger 2017 10804: 10798: 10792: 10777: 10774:Michalowski 1998 10771: 10765: 10762:Michalowski 1998 10759: 10748: 10742: 10736: 10733:Michalowski 1998 10730: 10724: 10721:Michalowski 1998 10718: 10701: 10695: 10684: 10678: 10667: 10661: 10655: 10649: 10643: 10637: 10631: 10625: 10619: 10613: 10607: 10601: 10595: 10589: 10583: 10577: 10571: 10565: 10550: 10544: 10533: 10527: 10516: 10510: 10504: 10498: 10489: 10483: 10477: 10471: 10462: 10456: 10450: 10444: 10433: 10427: 10421: 10415: 10409: 10403: 10397: 10391: 10382: 10376: 10361: 10355: 10349: 10343: 10337: 10331: 10325: 10319: 10313: 10307: 10301: 10295: 10289: 10283: 10277: 10271: 10262: 10256: 10250: 10244: 10238: 10232: 10226: 10220: 10214: 10208: 10202: 10196: 10181: 10175: 10166: 10160: 10154: 10148: 10139: 10133: 10118: 10112: 10097: 10091: 10085: 10079: 10073: 10067: 10056: 10050: 10044: 10038: 10032: 10026: 10020: 10014: 10008: 10002: 9996: 9990: 9981: 9975: 9969: 9963: 9957: 9951: 9942: 9936: 9925: 9919: 9908: 9902: 9863: 9857: 9848: 9842: 9823: 9817: 9798: 9795:Sallaberger 2017 9792: 9779: 9773: 9764: 9758: 9752: 9746: 9737: 9731: 9722: 9716: 9710: 9704: 9698: 9692: 9679: 9673: 9660: 9654: 9645: 9639: 9633: 9627: 9618: 9612: 9606: 9600: 9585: 9579: 9568: 9562: 9549: 9543: 9537: 9531: 9522: 9519:Nemet-Nejat 1998 9516: 9505: 9499: 9472: 9466: 9457: 9451: 9442: 9436: 9419: 9413: 9407: 9401: 9395: 9389: 9383: 9377: 9366: 9360: 9354: 9348: 9333: 9327: 9321: 9315: 9302: 9296: 9290: 9284: 9278: 9272: 9266: 9260: 9254: 9248: 9229: 9223: 9217: 9211: 9205: 9199: 9193: 9187: 9181: 9175: 9156: 9150: 9144: 9138: 9132: 9126: 9120: 9114: 9103: 9097: 9091: 9085: 9079: 9073: 9067: 9061: 9034: 9028: 9022: 9016: 9001: 8995: 8970: 8964: 8958: 8952: 8946: 8940: 8931: 8925: 8916: 8910: 8901: 8895: 8886: 8883:Vanstiphout 1984 8880: 8874: 8868: 8862: 8856: 8850: 8844: 8838: 8832: 8823: 8817: 8808: 8802: 8787: 8781: 8772: 8766: 8743: 8737: 8720: 8714: 8708: 8702: 8693: 8687: 8678: 8672: 8663: 8657: 8651: 8645: 8628: 8622: 8593: 8587: 8581: 8575: 8569: 8563: 8557: 8551: 8532: 8526: 8520: 8514: 8508: 8502: 8489: 8483: 8477: 8471: 8456: 8455: 8443: 8437: 8431: 8398: 8392: 8383: 8377: 8366: 8360: 8345: 8339: 8333: 8327: 8321: 8315: 8309: 8303: 8294: 8288: 8282: 8276: 8261: 8255: 8246: 8240: 8229: 8223: 8217: 8211: 8205: 8199: 8193: 8187: 8170: 8164: 8155: 8149: 8143: 8137: 8131: 8125: 8119: 8113: 8102: 8096: 8087: 8081: 8058: 8052: 8037: 8031: 8020: 8014: 7991: 7985: 7979: 7976:Nemet-Nejat 1998 7973: 7956: 7950: 7931: 7928:Nemet-Nejat 1998 7925: 7919: 7913: 7907: 7901: 7895: 7889: 7883: 7877: 7871: 7865: 7859: 7853: 7842: 7836: 7827: 7821: 7815: 7809: 7800: 7794: 7785: 7779: 7773: 7767: 7761: 7755: 7749: 7743: 7737: 7731: 7720: 7717:Falkenstein 1965 7714: 7708: 7702: 7696: 7690: 7684: 7678: 7663: 7657: 7646: 7640: 7623: 7617: 7600: 7594: 7588: 7582: 7573: 7567: 7561: 7555: 7526: 7520: 7514: 7508: 7493: 7487: 7476: 7470: 7461: 7455: 7446: 7440: 7434: 7431:Nemet-Nejat 1998 7428: 7422: 7419:Nemet-Nejat 1998 7416: 7407: 7404:Nemet-Nejat 1998 7401: 7392: 7386: 7373: 7367: 7361: 7358:Nemet-Nejat 1998 7355: 7346: 7340: 7327: 7321: 7310: 7304: 7295: 7289: 7283: 7277: 7266: 7260: 7194:Babylonian exile 7188:, destroyed the 7130: 7105: 6718:, Hurrian areas 6668: 6616:Kassite pantheon 6230:) from Antioch. 6210:The Hellenistic 6129:areas, possibly 6110: 6060:Place of origin 6051: 6050: 5939:represent Ea on 5782:Enki/Ea; Marduk 5645: 5476: 5455: 5454: 5424:Mer, Ber, Iluwer 5423: 5325: 5220: 5201: 5049: 4926: 4816:Urash and Marduk 4701: 4495: 4418: 4119: 4091: 4010:shepherd's crook 3993: 3880: 3852:Nippur and Umma 3826: 3462:of both Anu (in 3307:Ilabrat was the 3226: 3166: 2873: 2836: 2410:Sîn-lēqi-unninni 2407: 2403: 2391: 2356: 2308: 2282:Sherida, Nin-Aya 2281: 2141: 2018: 2017: 1974:, a synonym for 1786: 1785: 1769:Epic of Creation 1747:creation stories 1284: 1152: 1051: 935: 893:E-Mah temple in 879: 808: 769: 726: 462: 410: 358: 334: 333: 200: 196: 179:Inanna's Descent 167: 142: 138: 29: 24652: 24651: 24645: 24644: 24643: 24641: 24640: 24639: 24610: 24609: 24606: 24601: 24569: 24335: 24259:Native American 23917: 23912: 23882: 23868: 23842: 23822: 23802: 23779: 23777: 23762: 23739: 23737: 23722: 23699: 23697: 23690: 23657: 23655: 23648: 23616: 23615: 23610: 23608: 23575: 23574: 23569: 23567: 23534: 23533: 23528: 23526: 23493: 23492: 23487: 23485: 23459: 23457: 23442: 23412: 23411: 23406: 23404: 23378: 23376: 23328: 23307: 23305: 23283: 23281: 23231: 23229: 23194: 23192: 23190: 23165: 23163: 23156: 23121: 23093: 23092: 23087: 23085: 23061: 23040: 23038: 22989: 22988: 22983: 22981: 22948: 22947: 22942: 22940: 22914: 22912: 22890: 22888: 22866: 22864: 22806: 22804: 22797: 22759: 22758: 22753: 22751: 22726: 22724: 22674: 22672: 22657: 22632: 22630: 22615: 22590: 22588: 22573: 22543: 22542: 22537: 22535: 22509: 22507: 22465: 22463: 22459: 22428: 22415: 22413: 22398: 22378: 22348: 22347: 22342: 22340: 22317: 22301:Saggs, H. W. F. 22285: 22245: 22243: 22209: 22207: 22200: 22156: 22154: 22096: 22094: 22079: 22047: 22046: 22041: 22039: 22013: 22011: 21996: 21971: 21969: 21954: 21929: 21927: 21877: 21875: 21841: 21839: 21824: 21801: 21799: 21712: 21710: 21703: 21682: 21664: 21641: 21639: 21607: 21586: 21584: 21580: 21574: 21552:Babel und Bibel 21547: 21537: 21504: 21503: 21498: 21496: 21463: 21462: 21457: 21455: 21429: 21427: 21392: 21370: 21368: 21361: 21338: 21336: 21312: 21310: 21306: 21292: 21269: 21256: 21254: 21239: 21216: 21214: 21195: 21173: 21171: 21164: 21134: 21133: 21128: 21126: 21103: 21074: 21052: 21050: 21035: 21005: 21004: 20999: 20997: 20964: 20963: 20958: 20956: 20923: 20922: 20917: 20915: 20889: 20887: 20856:10.2307/4200181 20840:"The God Aššur" 20822: 20821: 20816: 20814: 20781: 20780: 20775: 20773: 20740: 20739: 20734: 20732: 20706: 20704: 20689: 20657: 20656: 20651: 20649: 20616: 20615: 20610: 20608: 20575: 20574: 20569: 20567: 20541: 20539: 20535: 20521: 20506: 20486: 20485: 20480: 20478: 20445: 20444: 20439: 20437: 20404: 20403: 20398: 20396: 20363: 20362: 20357: 20355: 20316:10.2307/3642699 20294: 20292: 20285: 20263: 20261: 20254: 20230: 20200: 20198: 20149: 20147: 20143: 20120:10.1.1.570.6778 20102: 20092: 20059: 20037: 20035: 20028: 19996: 19975: 19973: 19966: 19933: 19931: 19909: 19907: 19888: 19868: 19845: 19843: 19811: 19783: 19782: 19777: 19775: 19690: 19688: 19681: 19658: 19656: 19641: 19621: 19590: 19569: 19567: 19560: 19531: 19513: 19484: 19466: 19437: 19407: 19406: 19401: 19399: 19357: 19337: 19336: 19331: 19329: 19296: 19295: 19290: 19288: 19264: 19237: 19219: 19173: 19154: 19136: 19114: 19112: 19105: 19051: 19049: 19042: 19019: 18990: 18971: 18953: 18933: 18903: 18902: 18897: 18895: 18862: 18861: 18856: 18854: 18821: 18820: 18815: 18813: 18790: 18774:Burkert, Walter 18737: 18736: 18731: 18729: 18703: 18701: 18681: 18663: 18641: 18620: 18618: 18616: 18596: 18564: 18563: 18558: 18556: 18491: 18489: 18458:10.2307/1360026 18431: 18429: 18401: 18380: 18378: 18347: 18315: 18314: 18309: 18307: 18283: 18257: 18234: 18232: 18228: 18222: 18211: 18199: 18178: 18176: 18136: 18107: 18105: 18090: 18065: 18063: 18005: 18003: 17961: 17959: 17920: 17897: 17895: 17880: 17827: 17825: 17818: 17798: 17779: 17774: 17766: 17762: 17754: 17750: 17742: 17738: 17730: 17726: 17718: 17714: 17706: 17699: 17691: 17684: 17676: 17669: 17661: 17654: 17646: 17642: 17634: 17630: 17622: 17618: 17612:Wiggermann 1997 17610: 17606: 17600:Wiggermann 1997 17598: 17594: 17586: 17579: 17573:Trémouille 2013 17571: 17562: 17554: 17550: 17542: 17538: 17530: 17526: 17522:, pp. 7–8. 17518: 17514: 17506: 17502: 17494: 17490: 17482: 17478: 17470: 17466: 17458: 17454: 17446: 17442: 17434: 17430: 17422: 17418: 17410: 17406: 17398: 17394: 17386: 17382: 17374: 17370: 17364:Barjamovic 2012 17362: 17358: 17350: 17341: 17333: 17329: 17321: 17317: 17309: 17302: 17294: 17283: 17275: 17266: 17258: 17254: 17246: 17242: 17234: 17230: 17222: 17218: 17210: 17206: 17198: 17189: 17181: 17162: 17156:Wiggermann 1997 17154: 17150: 17142: 17138: 17130: 17126: 17118: 17114: 17106: 17099: 17091: 17084: 17076: 17072: 17064: 17060: 17052: 17048: 17040: 17036: 17028: 17024: 17016: 17012: 17004: 17000: 16992: 16988: 16980: 16973: 16965: 16956: 16948: 16944: 16936: 16929: 16921: 16917: 16909: 16905: 16897: 16893: 16885: 16878: 16870: 16863: 16855: 16851: 16843: 16839: 16831: 16827: 16819: 16812: 16804: 16797: 16789: 16785: 16777: 16773: 16765: 16758: 16750: 16739: 16731: 16727: 16723:, pp. 6–7. 16719: 16715: 16707: 16703: 16695: 16691: 16683: 16679: 16671: 16667: 16659: 16655: 16647: 16643: 16635: 16631: 16623: 16619: 16611: 16607: 16599: 16595: 16587: 16583: 16575: 16571: 16563: 16559: 16551: 16544: 16536: 16532: 16526:Westenholz 1997 16524: 16520: 16512: 16508: 16500: 16496: 16488: 16481: 16473: 16469: 16461: 16457: 16449: 16445: 16437: 16433: 16425: 16421: 16413: 16409: 16401: 16397: 16391:Wayback Machine 16380: 16376: 16368: 16364: 16356: 16349: 16341: 16337: 16329: 16316: 16308: 16304: 16296: 16289: 16283:Wiggermann 1992 16281: 16274: 16268:Wiggermann 1992 16266: 16259: 16253:Wiggermann 1992 16251: 16244: 16238:Wiggermann 1992 16236: 16229: 16223:Wiggermann 1992 16221: 16214: 16208:Wiggermann 1992 16206: 16199: 16193:Wiggermann 1992 16191: 16187: 16181:Wiggermann 1992 16179: 16168: 16162:Wiggermann 2011 16160: 16156: 16150:Wiggermann 2011 16148: 16144: 16138:Wiggermann 2011 16136: 16129: 16123:Wiggermann 2011 16121: 16106: 16100:Wiggermann 2011 16098: 16094: 16086: 16082: 16076:Wiggermann 1992 16074: 16061: 16053: 16049: 16043:Wiggermann 1992 16041: 16034: 16028:Wiggermann 1992 16026: 16022: 16014: 16001: 15995:Wiggermann 1992 15993: 15989: 15983:Wiggermann 1992 15981: 15977: 15971:Wiggermann 1992 15969: 15965: 15959:Wiggermann 1992 15957: 15950: 15944:Wiggermann 1992 15942: 15935: 15929:Wiggermann 1992 15927: 15914: 15906: 15895: 15887: 15880: 15872: 15868: 15862:Wiggermann 1992 15860: 15853: 15845: 15841: 15833: 15829: 15821: 15810: 15804:Wiggermann 1992 15802: 15791: 15783: 15770: 15764:Wiggermann 1992 15762: 15755: 15749:Wiggermann 1992 15747: 15736: 15730:Wiggermann 1992 15728: 15724: 15718:Wiggermann 1992 15716: 15712: 15704: 15691: 15685:Wiggermann 1997 15683: 15676: 15668: 15661: 15653: 15646: 15638: 15634: 15626: 15609: 15601: 15597: 15589: 15585: 15577: 15573: 15565: 15561: 15553: 15549: 15541: 15528: 15520: 15507: 15499: 15495: 15487: 15483: 15475: 15471: 15463: 15459: 15451: 15447: 15439: 15435: 15427: 15423: 15415: 15411: 15403: 15384: 15376: 15369: 15361: 15354: 15346: 15337: 15329: 15325: 15317: 15310: 15302: 15295: 15287: 15276: 15268: 15264: 15256: 15252: 15244: 15233: 15225: 15218: 15210: 15206: 15198: 15191: 15183: 15179: 15171: 15167: 15159: 15150: 15142: 15135: 15127: 15120: 15112: 15108: 15100: 15096: 15088: 15084: 15076: 15069: 15061: 15057: 15049: 15040: 15032: 15028: 15020: 15016: 15008: 15001: 14993: 14989: 14981: 14972: 14964: 14960: 14952: 14945: 14937: 14933: 14925: 14894: 14886: 14882: 14874: 14865: 14857: 14846: 14838: 14829: 14821: 14812: 14804: 14791: 14783: 14779: 14771: 14764: 14756: 14749: 14741: 14737: 14729: 14722: 14714: 14707: 14699: 14695: 14687: 14680: 14672: 14668: 14660: 14656: 14648: 14644: 14636: 14632: 14624: 14620: 14612: 14608: 14600: 14593: 14585: 14578: 14570: 14561: 14553: 14544: 14536: 14529: 14521: 14517: 14509: 14500: 14492: 14488: 14480: 14476: 14468: 14464: 14456: 14452: 14444: 14435: 14427: 14423: 14415: 14406: 14398: 14394: 14386: 14371: 14363: 14359: 14351: 14347: 14339: 14328: 14320: 14316: 14308: 14299: 14291: 14284: 14276: 14265: 14257: 14253: 14245: 14238: 14230: 14226: 14218: 14205: 14197: 14190: 14182: 14175: 14167: 14163: 14155: 14146: 14138: 14129: 14121: 14112: 14104: 14100: 14092: 14088: 14080: 14076: 14068: 14059: 14051: 14044: 14036: 14023: 14015: 14011: 14003: 13996: 13988: 13984: 13976: 13972: 13964: 13955: 13947: 13940: 13932: 13921: 13913: 13909: 13901: 13894: 13886: 13882: 13874: 13863: 13855: 13846: 13840:Krebernik 1987a 13838: 13834: 13826: 13813: 13805: 13801: 13793: 13786: 13778: 13769: 13761: 13730: 13722: 13718: 13710: 13697: 13689: 13664: 13656: 13652: 13644: 13640: 13632: 13628: 13620: 13609: 13601: 13592: 13584: 13577: 13569: 13565: 13557: 13540: 13532: 13523: 13515: 13511: 13503: 13492: 13484: 13477: 13469: 13460: 13452: 13445: 13437: 13433: 13425: 13418: 13410: 13406: 13398: 13387: 13379: 13375: 13367: 13360: 13352: 13348: 13340: 13336: 13328: 13324: 13316: 13312: 13304: 13300: 13292: 13288: 13280: 13273: 13265: 13258: 13250: 13239: 13231: 13224: 13216: 13212: 13204: 13200: 13192: 13188: 13180: 13161: 13153: 13149: 13141: 13137: 13129: 13118: 13112:Wiggermann 1997 13110: 13101: 13093: 13089: 13081: 13074: 13066: 13055: 13047: 13040: 13034:Wiggermann 1998 13032: 13028: 13020: 13016: 13008: 13004: 12996: 12985: 12977: 12973: 12965: 12961: 12953: 12949: 12941: 12937: 12929: 12918: 12910: 12906: 12898: 12894: 12886: 12882: 12874: 12867: 12859: 12855: 12847: 12826: 12818: 12814: 12806: 12802: 12794: 12790: 12782: 12778: 12770: 12766: 12758: 12747: 12739: 12732: 12724: 12701: 12693: 12689: 12681: 12672: 12664: 12655: 12647: 12640: 12632: 12625: 12617: 12610: 12602: 12589: 12581: 12572: 12564: 12560: 12552: 12539: 12531: 12520: 12512: 12497: 12489: 12485: 12477: 12473: 12465: 12461: 12453: 12446: 12438: 12429: 12421: 12417: 12409: 12405: 12397: 12390: 12382: 12378: 12370: 12366: 12358: 12351: 12343: 12334: 12326: 12322: 12314: 12303: 12295: 12288: 12280: 12273: 12265: 12258: 12250: 12246: 12238: 12234: 12230:, p. 1123. 12226: 12222: 12214: 12207: 12199: 12195: 12187: 12183: 12175: 12168: 12160: 12147: 12141:Westenholz 1997 12139: 12135: 12129:Westenholz 1997 12127: 12123: 12115: 12108: 12100: 12096: 12088: 12084: 12076: 12072: 12064: 12055: 12047: 12043: 12035: 12031: 12023: 12019: 12011: 12007: 11999: 11992: 11984: 11980: 11972: 11951: 11943: 11939: 11931: 11924: 11916: 11912: 11904: 11900: 11892: 11883: 11875: 11871: 11863: 11859: 11851: 11834: 11826: 11822: 11814: 11783: 11775: 11771: 11763: 11759: 11751: 11747: 11739: 11735: 11727: 11710: 11702: 11687: 11679: 11672: 11664: 11657: 11649: 11645: 11637: 11628: 11620: 11616: 11608: 11604: 11596: 11589: 11581: 11577: 11569: 11565: 11557: 11553: 11545: 11541: 11533: 11526: 11518: 11514: 11506: 11499: 11491: 11487: 11479: 11475: 11467: 11463: 11455: 11446: 11440:Wiggermann 1998 11438: 11434: 11426: 11417: 11409: 11405: 11397: 11393: 11385: 11381: 11373: 11369: 11361: 11352: 11344: 11337: 11329: 11312: 11304: 11300: 11292: 11285: 11277: 11273: 11265: 11261: 11253: 11249: 11241: 11232: 11224: 11220: 11212: 11208: 11200: 11193: 11185: 11181: 11173: 11169: 11161: 11157: 11149: 11145: 11137: 11133: 11125: 11118: 11110: 11106: 11098: 11094: 11090:, pp. 4–5. 11086: 11082: 11074: 11070: 11062: 11058: 11050: 11046: 11038: 11034: 11026: 11022: 11014: 11003: 10995: 10988: 10980: 10971: 10963: 10956: 10948: 10944: 10936: 10929: 10921: 10917: 10909: 10905: 10897: 10888: 10880: 10873: 10865: 10861: 10853: 10849: 10841: 10837: 10829: 10825: 10817: 10813: 10805: 10801: 10793: 10780: 10772: 10768: 10760: 10751: 10743: 10739: 10731: 10727: 10719: 10704: 10696: 10687: 10679: 10670: 10664:Wiggermann 1998 10662: 10658: 10650: 10646: 10638: 10634: 10626: 10622: 10614: 10610: 10604:Wiggermann 1998 10602: 10598: 10590: 10586: 10580:Wiggermann 1988 10578: 10574: 10566: 10553: 10547:Wiggermann 1998 10545: 10536: 10528: 10519: 10513:Wiggermann 1998 10511: 10507: 10499: 10492: 10484: 10480: 10472: 10465: 10457: 10453: 10447:Wiggermann 1992 10445: 10436: 10430:Wiggermann 1997 10428: 10424: 10418:Wiggermann 1997 10416: 10412: 10404: 10400: 10392: 10385: 10379:Wiggermann 1997 10377: 10364: 10356: 10352: 10344: 10340: 10332: 10328: 10320: 10316: 10308: 10304: 10296: 10292: 10284: 10280: 10272: 10265: 10257: 10253: 10245: 10241: 10233: 10229: 10221: 10217: 10209: 10205: 10197: 10184: 10178:Wiggermann 1997 10176: 10169: 10163:Wiggermann 1997 10161: 10157: 10149: 10142: 10136:Wiggermann 1997 10134: 10121: 10115:Wiggermann 1997 10113: 10100: 10092: 10088: 10080: 10076: 10068: 10059: 10051: 10047: 10039: 10035: 10027: 10023: 10015: 10011: 10003: 9999: 9991: 9984: 9976: 9972: 9964: 9960: 9952: 9945: 9937: 9928: 9920: 9911: 9903: 9866: 9858: 9851: 9843: 9826: 9818: 9801: 9793: 9782: 9774: 9767: 9759: 9755: 9747: 9740: 9732: 9725: 9717: 9713: 9705: 9701: 9693: 9682: 9674: 9663: 9655: 9648: 9640: 9636: 9628: 9621: 9613: 9609: 9601: 9588: 9580: 9571: 9563: 9552: 9546:Wiggermann 1997 9544: 9540: 9532: 9525: 9517: 9508: 9500: 9475: 9469:Wiggermann 1997 9467: 9460: 9452: 9445: 9437: 9422: 9414: 9410: 9402: 9398: 9390: 9386: 9378: 9369: 9361: 9357: 9349: 9336: 9328: 9324: 9316: 9305: 9297: 9293: 9285: 9281: 9273: 9269: 9261: 9257: 9249: 9232: 9224: 9220: 9212: 9208: 9200: 9196: 9188: 9184: 9176: 9159: 9151: 9147: 9139: 9135: 9127: 9123: 9115: 9106: 9098: 9094: 9086: 9082: 9074: 9070: 9062: 9037: 9029: 9025: 9017: 9004: 8996: 8973: 8965: 8961: 8953: 8949: 8941: 8934: 8926: 8919: 8911: 8904: 8896: 8889: 8881: 8877: 8869: 8865: 8857: 8853: 8845: 8841: 8833: 8826: 8818: 8811: 8803: 8790: 8782: 8775: 8767: 8746: 8738: 8723: 8715: 8711: 8703: 8696: 8688: 8681: 8673: 8666: 8658: 8654: 8646: 8631: 8623: 8596: 8588: 8584: 8576: 8572: 8564: 8560: 8552: 8535: 8527: 8523: 8515: 8511: 8503: 8492: 8484: 8480: 8472: 8459: 8444: 8440: 8432: 8401: 8393: 8386: 8378: 8369: 8361: 8348: 8340: 8336: 8328: 8324: 8316: 8312: 8304: 8297: 8289: 8285: 8277: 8264: 8256: 8249: 8241: 8232: 8224: 8220: 8212: 8208: 8200: 8196: 8188: 8173: 8165: 8158: 8150: 8146: 8138: 8134: 8126: 8122: 8114: 8105: 8097: 8090: 8082: 8061: 8053: 8040: 8032: 8023: 8015: 7994: 7986: 7982: 7974: 7959: 7951: 7934: 7926: 7922: 7914: 7910: 7902: 7898: 7890: 7886: 7878: 7874: 7866: 7862: 7854: 7845: 7837: 7830: 7822: 7818: 7810: 7803: 7795: 7788: 7780: 7776: 7768: 7764: 7756: 7752: 7744: 7740: 7732: 7723: 7715: 7711: 7703: 7699: 7691: 7687: 7679: 7666: 7658: 7649: 7641: 7626: 7618: 7603: 7599:, pp. 6–7. 7595: 7591: 7583: 7576: 7568: 7564: 7556: 7529: 7521: 7517: 7509: 7496: 7488: 7479: 7471: 7464: 7456: 7449: 7441: 7437: 7429: 7425: 7417: 7410: 7402: 7395: 7387: 7376: 7368: 7364: 7356: 7349: 7341: 7330: 7322: 7313: 7305: 7298: 7290: 7286: 7278: 7269: 7261: 7257: 7253: 7240:List of sukkals 7221: 7129: 7104: 7026:Kassite dynasty 6798:Kassite goddess 6667: 6109: 6049: 5644: 5475: 5453: 5422: 5324: 5219: 5200: 5121:Enki and Ninmah 5048: 4925: 4700: 4559:astral goddess 4553:Seleucid Period 4508:Enki and Ninmah 4494: 4417: 4407:Enki and Ninmah 4203:Enki and Ninmah 4118: 4090: 4000:Babylon, Assur 3992: 3879: 3825: 3580:Lagash, Nippur 3503:bēlet kaššāpāti 3402:Inanna and Enki 3290:Sargonic period 3249: 3242:trial by ordeal 3225: 3165: 3095:she assigned a 2872: 2859:Atra-Hasis Epic 2835: 2790:Wayback Machine 2687:Wayback Machine 2644:Wayback Machine 2514:Bunene was the 2460: 2355: 2307: 2280: 2136:Akkadian Period 2016: 1759:Enki and Ninmah 1743: 1665:, later Nippur 1617:Inanna and Enki 1446:Corona Borealis 1283: 1151: 1050: 934: 878: 807: 768: 725: 548:Inanna and Enki 488:, southern sky 461: 411:Nunamnir, Ellil 409: 381:Equatorial sky 357: 346:Celestial body 219: 62:anthropomorphic 12: 11: 5: 24650: 24649: 24638: 24637: 24632: 24627: 24622: 24603: 24602: 24600: 24599: 24587: 24574: 24571: 24570: 24568: 24567: 24562: 24557: 24552: 24547: 24542: 24537: 24532: 24531: 24530: 24520: 24515: 24510: 24509: 24508: 24498: 24493: 24488: 24483: 24478: 24473: 24468: 24463: 24458: 24457: 24456: 24446: 24441: 24436: 24431: 24426: 24421: 24416: 24411: 24406: 24401: 24396: 24391: 24386: 24381: 24376: 24371: 24366: 24361: 24356: 24351: 24345: 24343: 24341:By association 24337: 24336: 24334: 24333: 24328: 24323: 24318: 24313: 24308: 24303: 24298: 24293: 24288: 24283: 24278: 24273: 24268: 24267: 24266: 24256: 24251: 24246: 24241: 24236: 24231: 24226: 24221: 24216: 24211: 24206: 24201: 24196: 24191: 24186: 24181: 24176: 24171: 24166: 24161: 24160: 24159: 24158: 24157: 24147: 24146: 24145: 24135: 24134: 24133: 24128: 24118: 24117: 24116: 24111: 24096: 24091: 24086: 24081: 24076: 24075: 24074: 24064: 24063: 24062: 24052: 24047: 24042: 24037: 24032: 24027: 24026: 24025: 24020: 24010: 24005: 24000: 23995: 23994: 23993: 23983: 23978: 23973: 23968: 23963: 23958: 23953: 23948: 23943: 23938: 23933: 23927: 23925: 23919: 23918: 23911: 23910: 23903: 23896: 23888: 23881: 23880: 23866: 23852:. De Gruyter. 23845: 23840: 23825: 23820: 23805: 23800: 23785: 23760: 23745: 23720: 23705: 23689:978-0199557301 23688: 23663: 23646: 23629: 23588: 23547: 23506: 23465: 23440: 23425: 23384: 23332: 23326: 23313: 23289: 23237: 23211:(112): 49–90. 23200: 23188: 23170: 23154: 23133: 23119: 23106: 23065: 23060:978-3447058858 23059: 23046: 23002: 22961: 22920: 22896: 22872: 22833:10.1086/372968 22812: 22795: 22772: 22731: 22680: 22655: 22638: 22613: 22596: 22571: 22556: 22515: 22471: 22421: 22396: 22381: 22376: 22361: 22320: 22315: 22297: 22283: 22270: 22250: 22227: 22214: 22198: 22183: 22162: 22102: 22077: 22060: 22019: 21994: 21977: 21952: 21935: 21883: 21862:(2): 279–288. 21847: 21822: 21807: 21763: 21717: 21701: 21686: 21680: 21667: 21662: 21647: 21619: 21605: 21592: 21572: 21540: 21535: 21517: 21476: 21435: 21395: 21390: 21375: 21359: 21344: 21318: 21290: 21262: 21237: 21222: 21198: 21193: 21178: 21162: 21147: 21106: 21101: 21086: 21072: 21059: 21033: 21018: 20977: 20936: 20895: 20835: 20794: 20753: 20712: 20687: 20670: 20629: 20588: 20552:"Pa(p)-niĝara" 20547: 20519: 20499: 20458: 20417: 20376: 20335: 20299: 20283: 20268: 20252: 20234: 20228: 20215: 20206: 20154: 20095: 20090: 20075: 20062: 20057: 20042: 20026: 20008: 19994: 19981: 19964: 19939: 19915: 19891: 19886: 19871: 19866: 19851: 19815: 19809: 19796: 19755: 19736:10.1086/463228 19730:(3): 261–278, 19719: 19708:10.2307/605698 19695: 19679: 19664: 19639: 19624: 19619: 19602: 19588: 19575: 19558: 19543: 19529: 19516: 19511: 19496: 19482: 19469: 19464: 19449: 19435: 19420: 19379: 19370: 19350: 19309: 19268: 19262: 19256:. USA: Brill. 19249: 19235: 19222: 19217: 19202: 19184:(2): 201–229. 19166: 19152: 19139: 19134: 19119: 19103: 19085: 19056: 19040: 19022: 19017: 19002: 18988: 18975: 18969: 18956: 18951: 18936: 18931: 18916: 18875: 18834: 18793: 18788: 18770: 18750: 18709: 18685: 18679: 18673:. USA: Brill. 18666: 18661: 18644: 18639: 18626: 18614: 18599: 18594: 18577: 18536: 18497: 18437: 18413: 18399: 18386: 18358: 18345: 18328: 18287: 18281: 18260: 18255: 18240: 18220: 18202: 18197: 18184: 18140: 18134: 18120:. DE GRUYTER. 18113: 18088: 18071: 18011: 17967: 17923: 17918: 17903: 17878: 17861: 17832: 17816: 17801: 17796: 17780: 17778: 17775: 17773: 17772: 17760: 17748: 17746:, p. 917. 17736: 17724: 17712: 17710:, p. 125. 17697: 17682: 17680:, p. 110. 17667: 17665:, p. 109. 17663:MacGinnis 2020 17652: 17650:, p. 152. 17648:Krebernik 1998 17640: 17628: 17616: 17604: 17592: 17590:, p. 181. 17577: 17575:, p. 374. 17560: 17548: 17546:, p. 268. 17536: 17524: 17512: 17500: 17498:, p. 106. 17488: 17476: 17464: 17462:, p. 291. 17452: 17450:, p. 288. 17440: 17438:, p. 634. 17428: 17426:, p. 403. 17416: 17414:, p. 354. 17412:Henkelman 2008 17404: 17392: 17390:, p. 123. 17380: 17376:Krebernik 1997 17368: 17356: 17354:, p. 346. 17339: 17327: 17315: 17300: 17281: 17279:, p. 229. 17264: 17252: 17250:, p. 134. 17240: 17228: 17216: 17204: 17200:Krebernik 1997 17187: 17160: 17148: 17144:Henkelman 2008 17136: 17134:, p. 114. 17124: 17122:, p. 472. 17112: 17110:, p. 105. 17097: 17095:, p. 104. 17082: 17080:, p. 353. 17078:Henkelman 2008 17070: 17066:Henkelman 2008 17058: 17054:Henkelman 2008 17046: 17042:Henkelman 2008 17034: 17030:al-Salihi 1996 17022: 17010: 17008:, p. 302. 16998: 16986: 16984:, p. 672. 16971: 16969:, p. 169. 16954: 16952:, p. 324. 16942: 16940:, p. 112. 16927: 16915: 16903: 16891: 16876: 16874:, p. 332. 16861: 16859:, p. 325. 16849: 16837: 16835:, p. 223. 16825: 16810: 16795: 16783: 16781:, p. 186. 16771: 16769:, p. 103. 16756: 16754:, p. 102. 16737: 16725: 16713: 16701: 16699:, p. 101. 16689: 16677: 16675:, p. 134. 16665: 16653: 16651:, p. 120. 16641: 16629: 16627:, p. 162. 16617: 16615:, p. 155. 16605: 16603:, p. 154. 16593: 16591:, p. 166. 16581: 16579:, p. 158. 16569: 16567:, p. 163. 16557: 16555:, p. 153. 16542: 16530: 16518: 16506: 16504:, p. 140. 16494: 16492:, p. 118. 16479: 16477:, p. 218. 16467: 16455: 16443: 16431: 16429:, p. 121. 16419: 16417:, p. 170. 16407: 16395: 16374: 16372:, p. 188. 16362: 16360:, p. 100. 16347: 16345:, p. 365. 16335: 16314: 16312:, p. 283. 16302: 16300:, p. 172. 16287: 16285:, p. 181. 16272: 16270:, p. 173. 16257: 16242: 16240:, p. 172. 16227: 16225:, p. 171. 16212: 16210:, p. 170. 16197: 16185: 16183:, p. 184. 16166: 16164:, p. 464. 16154: 16152:, p. 461. 16142: 16140:, p. 463. 16127: 16125:, p. 462. 16104: 16102:, p. 459. 16092: 16080: 16078:, p. 169. 16059: 16047: 16045:, p. 165. 16032: 16030:, p. 164. 16020: 16018:, p. 115. 15999: 15987: 15985:, p. 177. 15975: 15973:, p. 174. 15963: 15961:, p. 176. 15948: 15946:, p. 182. 15933: 15931:, p. 183. 15912: 15910:, p. 603. 15893: 15891:, p. 320. 15878: 15876:, p. 145. 15866: 15864:, p. 146. 15851: 15839: 15837:, p. 144. 15827: 15825:, p. 148. 15808: 15806:, p. 180. 15789: 15768: 15766:, p. 168. 15753: 15751:, p. 167. 15734: 15732:, p. 166. 15722: 15710: 15689: 15674: 15659: 15644: 15632: 15630:, p. 107. 15607: 15595: 15593:, p. 199. 15583: 15571: 15559: 15557:, p. 519. 15547: 15545:, p. 184. 15526: 15524:, p. 518. 15505: 15493: 15491:, p. 252. 15481: 15479:, p. 255. 15469: 15467:, p. 128. 15457: 15455:, p. 125. 15445: 15443:, p. 255. 15433: 15431:, p. 485. 15421: 15419:, p. 483. 15409: 15382: 15380:, p. 113. 15367: 15365:, p. 519. 15352: 15350:, p. 517. 15335: 15333:, p. 516. 15323: 15321:, p. 513. 15308: 15293: 15291:, p. 149. 15274: 15272:, p. 279. 15262: 15260:, p. 281. 15250: 15248:, p. 225. 15231: 15229:, p. 170. 15216: 15204: 15202:, p. 414. 15189: 15187:, p. 413. 15177: 15165: 15161:Peterson 2009a 15148: 15146:, p. 241. 15133: 15118: 15116:, p. 141. 15106: 15104:, p. 167. 15094: 15092:, p. 167. 15082: 15078:Krebernik 2011 15067: 15065:, p. 315. 15055: 15053:, p. 326. 15051:Krebernik 2005 15038: 15036:, p. 325. 15034:Krebernik 2005 15026: 15014: 14999: 14997:, p. 618. 14987: 14985:, p. 236. 14970: 14968:, p. 234. 14958: 14956:, p. 615. 14943: 14941:, p. 291. 14931: 14929:, p. 145. 14892: 14880: 14878:, p. 147. 14863: 14861:, p. 103. 14844: 14827: 14810: 14789: 14777: 14775:, p. 147. 14762: 14747: 14745:, p. 225. 14735: 14733:, p. 227. 14720: 14718:, p. 232. 14705: 14703:, p. 222. 14693: 14678: 14666: 14654: 14652:, p. 129. 14642: 14630: 14618: 14606: 14604:, p. 223. 14591: 14589:, p. 616. 14576: 14574:, p. 168. 14559: 14557:, p. 126. 14542: 14540:, p. 115. 14527: 14515: 14513:, p. 375. 14498: 14496:, p. 375. 14486: 14474: 14462: 14450: 14448:, p. 139. 14433: 14431:, p. 110. 14421: 14404: 14392: 14390:, p. 132. 14369: 14357: 14355:, p. 377. 14345: 14343:, p. 337. 14326: 14324:, p. 506. 14314: 14312:, p. 434. 14297: 14295:, p. 144. 14282: 14280:, p. 221. 14263: 14261:, p. 109. 14251: 14236: 14234:, p. 120. 14224: 14222:, p. 138. 14203: 14201:, p. 345. 14188: 14186:, p. 343. 14173: 14171:, p. 111. 14161: 14159:, p. 346. 14144: 14142:, p. 344. 14127: 14125:, p. 342. 14110: 14108:, p. 218. 14098: 14096:, p. 215. 14086: 14074: 14072:, p. 235. 14057: 14055:, p. 159. 14042: 14040:, p. 146. 14021: 14009: 14007:, p. 129. 13994: 13992:, p. 134. 13982: 13980:, p. 120. 13970: 13968:, p. 345. 13953: 13951:, p. 344. 13938: 13936:, p. 117. 13919: 13917:, p. 138. 13907: 13905:, p. 356. 13903:Krebernik 2008 13892: 13890:, p. 257. 13880: 13878:, p. 265. 13861: 13844: 13842:, p. 330. 13832: 13811: 13809:, p. 168. 13799: 13784: 13782:, p. 518. 13767: 13765:, p. 116. 13728: 13716: 13714:, p. 124. 13695: 13693:, p. 123. 13662: 13650: 13648:, p. 218. 13638: 13636:, p. 244. 13626: 13607: 13605:, p. 507. 13590: 13575: 13573:, p. 417. 13563: 13561:, p. 220. 13538: 13536:, p. 523. 13521: 13519:, p. 524. 13509: 13507:, p. 247. 13490: 13475: 13473:, p. 419. 13458: 13456:, p. 418. 13443: 13431: 13429:, p. 368. 13416: 13414:, p. 224. 13404: 13402:, p. 101. 13385: 13383:, p. 168. 13373: 13371:, p. 115. 13358: 13356:, p. 156. 13346: 13334: 13332:, p. 407. 13322: 13310: 13308:, p. 318. 13298: 13286: 13284:, p. 316. 13271: 13269:, p. 317. 13256: 13254:, p. 389. 13237: 13222: 13220:, p. 152. 13210: 13208:, p. 289. 13198: 13186: 13184:, p. 112. 13159: 13157:, p. 114. 13147: 13135: 13133:, p. 330. 13131:Henkelman 2008 13116: 13099: 13095:Krebernik 2008 13087: 13085:, p. 358. 13083:Krebernik 2008 13072: 13070:, p. 196. 13053: 13038: 13036:, p. 492. 13026: 13014: 13012:, p. 145. 13002: 12983: 12981:, p. 125. 12971: 12969:, p. 430. 12959: 12957:, p. 126. 12947: 12945:, p. 124. 12935: 12933:, p. 146. 12916: 12914:, p. 110. 12904: 12902:, p. 165. 12892: 12890:, p. 141. 12880: 12878:, p. 140. 12865: 12863:, p. 164. 12853: 12824: 12812: 12800: 12788: 12776: 12774:, p. 168. 12764: 12745: 12743:, p. 206. 12730: 12699: 12687: 12685:, p. 141. 12670: 12668:, p. 736. 12666:Armstrong 1996 12653: 12651:, p. 222. 12638: 12623: 12608: 12587: 12570: 12558: 12537: 12518: 12495: 12493:, p. 126. 12483: 12481:, p. 214. 12471: 12469:, p. 209. 12459: 12457:, p. 137. 12444: 12427: 12425:, p. 105. 12415: 12413:, p. 104. 12403: 12401:, p. 383. 12388: 12376: 12374:, p. 486. 12364: 12362:, p. 184. 12349: 12332: 12320: 12301: 12286: 12271: 12269:, p. 162. 12267:Krebernik 2003 12256: 12254:, p. 388. 12244: 12242:, p. 116. 12232: 12220: 12218:, p. 114. 12205: 12193: 12181: 12166: 12145: 12133: 12121: 12106: 12094: 12082: 12070: 12068:, p. 617. 12053: 12051:, p. 130. 12041: 12039:, p. 129. 12029: 12017: 12005: 11990: 11978: 11949: 11937: 11922: 11910: 11898: 11896:, p. 115. 11894:Krebernik 1987 11881: 11879:, p. 251. 11869: 11867:, p. 259. 11857: 11855:, p. 119. 11832: 11820: 11818:, p. 173. 11781: 11769: 11767:, p. 106. 11757: 11745: 11733: 11731:, p. 122. 11708: 11685: 11683:, p. 273. 11670: 11668:, p. 262. 11655: 11653:, p. 261. 11643: 11641:, p. 260. 11626: 11624:, p. 286. 11614: 11612:, p. 133. 11602: 11587: 11585:, p. 255. 11575: 11563: 11561:, p. 300. 11551: 11549:, p. 125. 11539: 11537:, p. 105. 11524: 11522:, p. 182. 11512: 11510:, p. 104. 11497: 11493:Wasserman 2008 11485: 11481:Wasserman 2008 11473: 11461: 11459:, p. 368. 11444: 11442:, p. 493. 11432: 11415: 11403: 11401:, p. 359. 11391: 11379: 11377:, p. 327. 11367: 11365:, p. 131. 11350: 11346:Peterson 2016a 11335: 11333:, p. 177. 11310: 11308:, p. 302. 11298: 11296:, p. 303. 11283: 11281:, p. 281. 11271: 11269:, p. 287. 11259: 11257:, p. 286. 11247: 11245:, p. 284. 11230: 11228:, p. 216. 11218: 11216:, p. 285. 11206: 11204:, p. 417. 11191: 11189:, p. 416. 11179: 11177:, p. 409. 11167: 11165:, p. 408. 11155: 11153:, p. 406. 11143: 11141:, p. 412. 11131: 11129:, p. 411. 11116: 11104: 11102:, p. 223. 11092: 11080: 11078:, p. 161. 11076:Krebernik 2003 11068: 11066:, p. 327. 11056: 11054:, p. 160. 11052:Krebernik 2003 11044: 11042:, p. 425. 11032: 11020: 11018:, p. 424. 11001: 10999:, p. 418. 10986: 10969: 10967:, p. 304. 10954: 10952:, p. 389. 10942: 10940:, p. 108. 10927: 10915: 10913:, p. 134. 10903: 10886: 10871: 10859: 10847: 10835: 10833:, p. 167. 10823: 10821:, p. 168. 10811: 10809:, p. 165. 10799: 10797:, p. 187. 10778: 10776:, p. 579. 10766: 10764:, p. 578. 10749: 10737: 10735:, p. 577. 10725: 10723:, p. 576. 10702: 10700:, p. 234. 10685: 10683:, p. 132. 10668: 10666:, p. 496. 10656: 10644: 10632: 10620: 10608: 10606:, p. 498. 10596: 10584: 10572: 10551: 10549:, p. 497. 10534: 10532:, p. 141. 10517: 10515:, p. 491. 10505: 10490: 10488:, p. 147. 10478: 10476:, p. 112. 10463: 10451: 10434: 10422: 10410: 10408:, p. 288. 10398: 10396:, p. 137. 10383: 10362: 10360:, p. 169. 10350: 10348:, p. 165. 10338: 10326: 10314: 10302: 10290: 10278: 10263: 10261:, p. 267. 10251: 10239: 10227: 10225:, p. 124. 10215: 10213:, p. 147. 10203: 10201:, p. 134. 10182: 10167: 10155: 10140: 10119: 10098: 10096:, p. 147. 10086: 10084:, p. 139. 10074: 10072:, p. 133. 10057: 10045: 10043:, p. 134. 10033: 10031:, p. 130. 10021: 10019:, p. 138. 10009: 10007:, p. 137. 9997: 9995:, p. 132. 9982: 9980:, p. 145. 9970: 9968:, p. 121. 9958: 9956:, p. 135. 9943: 9941:, p. 143. 9926: 9924:, p. 140. 9909: 9907:, p. 111. 9864: 9862:, p. 131. 9849: 9847:, p. 110. 9824: 9799: 9797:, p. 164. 9780: 9765: 9753: 9738: 9736:, p. 205. 9723: 9721:, p. 190. 9711: 9709:, p. 189. 9699: 9680: 9661: 9659:, p. 100. 9646: 9634: 9619: 9617:, p. 242. 9607: 9586: 9584:, p. 252. 9569: 9567:, p. 101. 9550: 9538: 9523: 9521:, p. 184. 9506: 9473: 9458: 9443: 9420: 9408: 9396: 9384: 9382:, p. 116. 9367: 9355: 9334: 9322: 9320:, p. 136. 9303: 9291: 9279: 9267: 9255: 9253:, p. 143. 9230: 9218: 9206: 9194: 9182: 9180:, p. 142. 9157: 9155:, p. 146. 9145: 9133: 9121: 9104: 9102:, p. 138. 9092: 9080: 9068: 9035: 9033:, p. 137. 9023: 9002: 9000:, p. 140. 8971: 8959: 8947: 8932: 8917: 8902: 8900:, p. 101. 8887: 8875: 8873:, p. 101. 8863: 8851: 8839: 8837:, p. 109. 8824: 8809: 8807:, p. 108. 8788: 8773: 8771:, p. 184. 8744: 8742:, p. 182. 8721: 8719:, p. 279. 8709: 8694: 8679: 8664: 8652: 8629: 8627:, p. 133. 8594: 8592:, p. 246. 8582: 8570: 8558: 8533: 8521: 8509: 8490: 8478: 8476:, p. 128. 8457: 8438: 8399: 8384: 8367: 8363:Schneider 2011 8346: 8344:, p. 121. 8334: 8332:, p. 119. 8322: 8310: 8295: 8283: 8262: 8260:, p. 108. 8247: 8230: 8228:, p. 184. 8218: 8216:, p. 118. 8206: 8202:Schneider 2011 8194: 8171: 8156: 8154:, p. 403. 8144: 8142:, p. 140. 8132: 8130:, p. 101. 8120: 8103: 8088: 8059: 8038: 8036:, p. 512. 8034:Henkelman 2011 8021: 8019:, p. 135. 7992: 7980: 7978:, p. 203. 7957: 7932: 7920: 7908: 7906:, p. 123. 7896: 7894:, p. 119. 7884: 7882:, p. 424. 7880:McEvilley 2002 7872: 7870:, p. 275. 7860: 7858:, p. 199. 7843: 7841:, p. 142. 7828: 7816: 7814:, p. 262. 7801: 7786: 7774: 7762: 7750: 7738: 7736:, p. 106. 7721: 7709: 7707:, p. 115. 7697: 7695:, p. 229. 7685: 7664: 7662:, p. 193. 7647: 7624: 7601: 7589: 7574: 7570:Schneider 2011 7562: 7560:, p. 147. 7527: 7523:Schneider 2011 7515: 7511:Schneider 2011 7494: 7490:Schneider 2011 7477: 7462: 7447: 7445:, p. 174. 7435: 7423: 7408: 7406:, p. 186. 7393: 7374: 7372:, p. 102. 7362: 7360:, p. 185. 7347: 7328: 7326:, p. 130. 7311: 7296: 7284: 7267: 7254: 7252: 7249: 7248: 7247: 7242: 7237: 7232: 7227: 7220: 7217: 7214: 7213: 7208:. Much of the 7182:Nebuchadnezzar 7178:Neo-Babylonian 7166: 7156: 7147: 7123: 7122: 7115: 7114:Hurrian areas 7112: 7110: 7100: 7099: 7080: 7075: 7073: 7067: 7066: 7062: 7059: 7057: 7051: 7050: 7047: 7042: 7040: 7034: 7033: 7022: 7016: 7007: 7001: 7000: 6985: 6975: 6966: 6960: 6959: 6952: 6951:Ebla, Tuttul 6949: 6947: 6941: 6940: 6921: 6918: 6916: 6910: 6909: 6902: 6901:Hurrian areas 6899: 6890: 6884: 6883: 6872: 6869: 6860: 6854: 6853: 6846: 6840: 6831: 6825: 6824: 6813: 6810: 6808: 6802: 6801: 6785: 6782: 6780: 6776: 6775: 6761: 6755: 6753: 6747: 6746: 6739: 6736: 6734: 6728: 6727: 6719: 6713: 6704: 6698: 6697: 6686:Failaka Island 6678: 6673: 6671: 6661: 6660: 6645: 6639: 6630: 6624: 6623: 6612: 6609: 6607: 6603: 6602: 6591: 6588: 6586: 6580: 6579: 6564: 6559: 6557: 6551: 6550: 6543: 6540: 6531: 6525: 6524: 6513: 6512:Hurrian areas 6510: 6501: 6495: 6494: 6490: 6481: 6479: 6473: 6472: 6456: 6451: 6442: 6436: 6435: 6420: 6417: 6415: 6409: 6408: 6404: 6395: 6393: 6387: 6386: 6375: 6372: 6363: 6357: 6356: 6333: 6328: 6319: 6313: 6312: 6293: 6287: 6285: 6279: 6278: 6258: 6255: 6246: 6240: 6239: 6208: 6203: 6194: 6188: 6187: 6175: 6172: 6163: 6157: 6156: 6145:or Alla-Gula, 6134: 6133:in particular 6124: 6115: 6105: 6104: 6085: 6080: 6071: 6065: 6064: 6061: 6058: 6055: 6048: 6045: 6042: 6041: 6030: 6024: 6022: 6016: 6015: 6011: 6009: 6000: 5994: 5993: 5989: 5983: 5981: 5975: 5974: 5966: 5963: 5954: 5948: 5947: 5936: 5933: 5931: 5925: 5924: 5909: 5900: 5898: 5892: 5891: 5879: 5877: 5868: 5862: 5861: 5853: 5850: 5841: 5835: 5834: 5819: 5817: 5808: 5802: 5801: 5783: 5780: 5771: 5765: 5764: 5752: 5749: 5740: 5734: 5733: 5722: 5719: 5717: 5711: 5710: 5695: 5693: 5691: 5687: 5686: 5683: 5680: 5678: 5672: 5671: 5659: 5657: 5648: 5638: 5637: 5630: 5628: 5626: 5620: 5619: 5608: 5602: 5593: 5587: 5586: 5557: 5555: 5546: 5544:Bull of Heaven 5540: 5539: 5531: 5528: 5526: 5520: 5519: 5491: 5488: 5479: 5469: 5468: 5465: 5462: 5459: 5452: 5449: 5446: 5445: 5430: 5428: 5426: 5416: 5415: 5372: 5369: 5367: 5361: 5360: 5356: 5353: 5351: 5345: 5344: 5337:theos eponymos 5333: 5330: 5328: 5318: 5317: 5313: 5308: 5306: 5300: 5299: 5292: 5289: 5287: 5281: 5280: 5273: 5270: 5268: 5262: 5261: 5245: 5240: 5238: 5232: 5231: 5228: 5225: 5223: 5213: 5212: 5208: 5206: 5204: 5194: 5193: 5186: 5184: 5182: 5176: 5175: 5161: 5159: 5157: 5151: 5150: 5139: 5137: 5135: 5129: 5128: 5117: 5114: 5112: 5106: 5105: 5102: 5101:Girsu, Lagash 5099: 5090: 5084: 5083: 5079: 5077: 5075: 5069: 5068: 5057: 5054: 5052: 5042: 5041: 5026: 5024: 5022: 5016: 5015: 4996: 4993: 4991: 4985: 4984: 4964: 4955: 4953: 4947: 4946: 4943: 4938: 4929: 4919: 4918: 4911: 4906: 4904: 4898: 4897: 4890: 4885: 4883: 4879: 4878: 4867: 4866:Babylon, Uruk 4864: 4862: 4856: 4855: 4852: 4843: 4841: 4835: 4834: 4831: 4828: 4826: 4820: 4819: 4808: 4805: 4803: 4797: 4796: 4785: 4779: 4770: 4764: 4763: 4748: 4742: 4740: 4734: 4733: 4730: 4727: 4725: 4721: 4720: 4712: 4706: 4704: 4694: 4693: 4681: 4675: 4673: 4667: 4666: 4653: 4648: 4639: 4633: 4632: 4629: 4627: 4625: 4619: 4618: 4607: 4602: 4593: 4587: 4586: 4575: 4573: 4571: 4565: 4564: 4541: 4527: 4518: 4512: 4511: 4503: 4500: 4498: 4488: 4487: 4480: 4473: 4471: 4465: 4464: 4457: 4454: 4452: 4446: 4445: 4441: 4438: 4436: 4430: 4429: 4426: 4423: 4421: 4411: 4410: 4402: 4400: 4398: 4392: 4391: 4380: 4378: 4376: 4370: 4369: 4361: 4358: 4356: 4350: 4349: 4346: 4343: 4341: 4335: 4334: 4323: 4320: 4318: 4312: 4311: 4276: 4271: 4262: 4256: 4255: 4248: 4245: 4243: 4237: 4236: 4228: 4226: 4217: 4211: 4210: 4199: 4194: 4192: 4186: 4185: 4182: 4179: 4177: 4173: 4172: 4168: 4166: 4164: 4158: 4157: 4150: 4147: 4145: 4139: 4138: 4134: 4124: 4122: 4112: 4111: 4099: 4096: 4094: 4084: 4083: 4076: 4075:Girsu, Ki'eša 4073: 4071: 4065: 4064: 4060: 4057: 4055: 4049: 4048: 4041: 4038: 4036: 4032: 4031: 4024: 4022: 4020: 4014: 4013: 4001: 3998: 3996: 3986: 3985: 3970: 3965: 3963: 3957: 3956: 3952: 3951:Babylon, Kish 3949: 3947: 3941: 3940: 3937: 3934: 3932: 3926: 3925: 3902: 3899: 3897: 3891: 3890: 3887: 3885: 3883: 3873: 3872: 3853: 3850: 3848: 3842: 3841: 3834: 3831: 3829: 3819: 3818: 3807: 3804: 3795: 3789: 3788: 3769: 3756: 3754: 3748: 3747: 3744: 3741: 3739: 3733: 3732: 3717: 3711: 3709: 3703: 3702: 3675: 3669: 3667: 3661: 3660: 3647: 3645: 3643: 3637: 3636: 3629: 3626: 3624: 3618: 3617: 3602: 3597: 3595: 3589: 3588: 3581: 3578: 3576: 3570: 3569: 3560: 3558: 3556: 3550: 3549: 3542: 3539: 3537: 3531: 3530: 3526: 3523: 3521: 3515: 3514: 3499: 3496: 3494: 3488: 3487: 3456:Kakka was the 3454: 3453:Maškan-šarrum 3451: 3449: 3443: 3442: 3439: 3437: 3435: 3429: 3428: 3416: 3414: 3412: 3406: 3405: 3388: 3380: 3371: 3365: 3364: 3361: 3359: 3357: 3351: 3350: 3334: 3331: 3329: 3323: 3322: 3305: 3302: 3300: 3294: 3293: 3286: 3281: 3279: 3273: 3272: 3265: 3262: 3260: 3254: 3253: 3247: 3238: 3231: 3229: 3219: 3218: 3211: 3208: 3206: 3202: 3201: 3193: 3190: 3188: 3182: 3181: 3174: 3171: 3169: 3159: 3158: 3123: 3109: 3107: 3101: 3100: 3089: 3086: 3084: 3078: 3077: 3066: 3064: 3062: 3056: 3055: 3032: 3030: 3028: 3022: 3021: 3005: 3003: 2994: 2988: 2987: 2957: 2954: 2952: 2946: 2945: 2930: 2928: 2926: 2920: 2919: 2908: 2905: 2903: 2897: 2896: 2883: 2880: 2878: 2868: 2867: 2843: 2841: 2839: 2829: 2828: 2820: 2817: 2808: 2802: 2801: 2773: 2771: 2769: 2763: 2762: 2755: 2752: 2750: 2744: 2743: 2740: 2737: 2735: 2731: 2730: 2703: 2702:possibly Umma 2700: 2698: 2692: 2691: 2677:from the myth 2671:early dynastic 2667: 2664: 2662: 2656: 2655: 2627: 2625: 2623: 2617: 2616: 2605: 2603: 2601: 2595: 2594: 2574: 2571: 2569: 2563: 2562: 2558: 2555: 2553: 2547: 2546: 2534: 2531: 2529: 2523: 2522: 2512: 2499: 2497: 2491: 2490: 2479: 2476: 2474: 2468: 2467: 2458: 2453: 2451: 2449: 2443: 2442: 2439: 2437: 2435: 2429: 2428: 2378: 2368: 2359: 2349: 2348: 2341: 2338: 2336: 2330: 2329: 2316: 2313: 2311: 2301: 2300: 2289: 2286: 2284: 2274: 2273: 2262: 2259: 2257: 2251: 2250: 2238: 2229: 2227: 2221: 2220: 2213: 2208: 2206: 2200: 2199: 2191: 2189:Sippar-Amnanum 2182: 2180: 2174: 2173: 2148:Walter Burkert 2132: 2126: 2124: 2118: 2117: 2105: 2103: 2101: 2097: 2096: 2081: 2078: 2076: 2070: 2069: 2061: 2056: 2054: 2048: 2047: 2043: 2040: 2038: 2032: 2031: 2028: 2025: 2022: 2015: 2012: 2009: 2008: 1990: 1988: 1982: 1981: 1964: 1962: 1956: 1955: 1951: 1949: 1943: 1942: 1931: 1929: 1923: 1922: 1911: 1909: 1907:Enki and Ninki 1903: 1902: 1890: 1888: 1887:Dūri and Dāri 1884: 1883: 1863: 1861: 1851: 1850: 1831: 1829: 1819: 1818: 1805: 1803: 1797: 1796: 1793: 1790: 1742: 1739: 1736: 1735: 1712: 1710: 1705: 1703: 1697: 1696: 1668: 1666: 1660: 1651: 1645: 1644: 1607: 1602: 1594: 1585: 1579: 1578: 1561: 1559: 1549: 1547: 1541: 1540: 1511: 1509: 1500: 1498: 1492: 1491: 1475: 1473: 1468: 1459: 1453: 1452: 1448: 1443: 1437: 1428: 1422: 1421: 1366: 1364: 1359: 1357: 1351: 1350: 1304: 1302: 1296: 1287: 1277: 1276: 1244: 1242: 1236: 1227: 1221: 1220: 1211: 1210: 1203: 1200: 1197: 1191: 1189: 1175: 1166: 1145: 1144: 1135:. In the poem 1111: 1106: 1101: 1092: 1086: 1085: 1078:corrupted form 1074: 1072: 1063: 1054: 1044: 1043: 1032: 1027: 1025:Mashkan-shapir 1017: 1008: 1002: 1001: 971: 965: 947: 938: 928: 927: 903: 901: 891: 882: 872: 871: 868:divine justice 847: 842: 820: 811: 801: 800: 796: 791: 781: 772: 762: 761: 753: 748: 738: 729: 719: 718: 679: 674: 665: 656: 650: 649: 625: 623: 618: 609: 603: 602: 587: 582: 577: 568: 562: 561: 489: 483: 474: 465: 455: 454: 434: 431: 422: 413: 403: 402: 382: 379: 370: 361: 351: 350: 347: 344: 341: 338: 218: 215: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 24648: 24647: 24636: 24633: 24631: 24628: 24626: 24623: 24621: 24618: 24617: 24615: 24608: 24598: 24597: 24588: 24586: 24585: 24581: 24576: 24575: 24572: 24566: 24563: 24561: 24558: 24556: 24553: 24551: 24548: 24546: 24543: 24541: 24538: 24536: 24533: 24529: 24526: 24525: 24524: 24521: 24519: 24516: 24514: 24511: 24507: 24504: 24503: 24502: 24499: 24497: 24494: 24492: 24489: 24487: 24484: 24482: 24479: 24477: 24474: 24472: 24469: 24467: 24464: 24462: 24459: 24455: 24452: 24451: 24450: 24447: 24445: 24444:Love and Lust 24442: 24440: 24437: 24435: 24432: 24430: 24427: 24425: 24422: 24420: 24417: 24415: 24412: 24410: 24407: 24405: 24402: 24400: 24397: 24395: 24392: 24390: 24389:Fate and Time 24387: 24385: 24382: 24380: 24377: 24375: 24372: 24370: 24367: 24365: 24362: 24360: 24357: 24355: 24352: 24350: 24347: 24346: 24344: 24342: 24338: 24332: 24329: 24327: 24324: 24322: 24319: 24317: 24314: 24312: 24309: 24307: 24304: 24302: 24299: 24297: 24294: 24292: 24289: 24287: 24284: 24282: 24279: 24277: 24274: 24272: 24269: 24265: 24262: 24261: 24260: 24257: 24255: 24252: 24250: 24247: 24245: 24242: 24240: 24237: 24235: 24232: 24230: 24227: 24225: 24222: 24220: 24217: 24215: 24212: 24210: 24207: 24205: 24202: 24200: 24197: 24195: 24192: 24190: 24187: 24185: 24182: 24180: 24177: 24175: 24172: 24170: 24167: 24165: 24162: 24156: 24153: 24152: 24151: 24148: 24144: 24141: 24140: 24139: 24136: 24132: 24129: 24127: 24124: 24123: 24122: 24119: 24115: 24112: 24110: 24107: 24106: 24105: 24102: 24101: 24100: 24097: 24095: 24092: 24090: 24087: 24085: 24084:Haudenosaunee 24082: 24080: 24077: 24073: 24070: 24069: 24068: 24065: 24061: 24058: 24057: 24056: 24053: 24051: 24048: 24046: 24043: 24041: 24038: 24036: 24033: 24031: 24028: 24024: 24021: 24019: 24016: 24015: 24014: 24011: 24009: 24006: 24004: 24001: 23999: 23996: 23992: 23989: 23988: 23987: 23984: 23982: 23979: 23977: 23974: 23972: 23969: 23967: 23964: 23962: 23959: 23957: 23954: 23952: 23949: 23947: 23944: 23942: 23939: 23937: 23934: 23932: 23929: 23928: 23926: 23924: 23920: 23916: 23909: 23904: 23902: 23897: 23895: 23890: 23889: 23886: 23877: 23873: 23869: 23863: 23859: 23855: 23851: 23846: 23843: 23837: 23833: 23832: 23826: 23823: 23817: 23813: 23812: 23806: 23803: 23797: 23793: 23792: 23786: 23775: 23771: 23767: 23763: 23757: 23753: 23752: 23746: 23735: 23731: 23727: 23723: 23717: 23713: 23712: 23706: 23695: 23691: 23685: 23681: 23677: 23673: 23669: 23664: 23653: 23649: 23643: 23639: 23635: 23630: 23626: 23620: 23606: 23602: 23598: 23597:Archived copy 23594: 23589: 23585: 23579: 23565: 23561: 23557: 23556:Archived copy 23553: 23548: 23544: 23538: 23524: 23520: 23516: 23515:Archived copy 23512: 23511:"Nin-ĝišzida" 23507: 23503: 23497: 23483: 23479: 23475: 23474:Archived copy 23471: 23466: 23455: 23451: 23447: 23443: 23437: 23433: 23432: 23426: 23422: 23416: 23402: 23398: 23394: 23393:Archived copy 23390: 23385: 23374: 23370: 23366: 23362: 23358: 23354: 23350: 23346: 23342: 23338: 23333: 23329: 23323: 23319: 23314: 23303: 23299: 23295: 23290: 23279: 23275: 23271: 23267: 23263: 23259: 23255: 23251: 23247: 23243: 23238: 23228: 23224: 23219: 23214: 23210: 23206: 23201: 23191: 23185: 23181: 23180: 23175: 23171: 23161: 23157: 23151: 23147: 23143: 23139: 23134: 23130: 23126: 23122: 23120:90-6831-727-X 23116: 23112: 23107: 23103: 23097: 23083: 23080:(in French), 23079: 23075: 23074:Archived copy 23071: 23066: 23062: 23056: 23052: 23047: 23036: 23032: 23028: 23024: 23020: 23016: 23013:(in German). 23012: 23008: 23003: 22999: 22993: 22979: 22976:(in German), 22975: 22971: 22970:Archived copy 22967: 22962: 22958: 22952: 22938: 22935:(in German), 22934: 22930: 22929:Archived copy 22926: 22921: 22910: 22906: 22902: 22897: 22886: 22882: 22878: 22873: 22862: 22858: 22854: 22850: 22846: 22842: 22838: 22834: 22830: 22826: 22822: 22818: 22813: 22802: 22798: 22792: 22788: 22784: 22780: 22779: 22773: 22769: 22763: 22749: 22745: 22741: 22740:Archived copy 22737: 22732: 22722: 22718: 22714: 22710: 22706: 22702: 22698: 22694: 22690: 22686: 22681: 22670: 22666: 22662: 22658: 22652: 22648: 22644: 22639: 22628: 22624: 22620: 22616: 22614:1-883053-68-4 22610: 22606: 22602: 22597: 22586: 22582: 22578: 22574: 22568: 22564: 22563: 22557: 22553: 22547: 22533: 22530:(in German), 22529: 22525: 22524:Archived copy 22521: 22516: 22505: 22501: 22497: 22493: 22489: 22485: 22481: 22477: 22472: 22458: 22454: 22450: 22446: 22442: 22438: 22434: 22427: 22422: 22411: 22407: 22403: 22399: 22393: 22389: 22388: 22382: 22379: 22373: 22369: 22368: 22362: 22358: 22352: 22338: 22334: 22330: 22329:Archived copy 22326: 22321: 22318: 22312: 22308: 22307: 22302: 22298: 22294: 22290: 22286: 22280: 22276: 22271: 22268: 22264: 22260: 22256: 22251: 22241: 22237: 22233: 22228: 22224: 22220: 22215: 22205: 22201: 22195: 22191: 22190: 22184: 22180: 22176: 22172: 22168: 22163: 22152: 22148: 22144: 22140: 22136: 22132: 22128: 22124: 22120: 22116: 22112: 22108: 22103: 22092: 22088: 22084: 22080: 22074: 22070: 22066: 22061: 22057: 22051: 22037: 22033: 22029: 22028:Archived copy 22025: 22020: 22009: 22005: 22001: 21997: 21991: 21987: 21983: 21978: 21967: 21963: 21959: 21955: 21949: 21945: 21941: 21936: 21925: 21921: 21917: 21913: 21909: 21905: 21901: 21897: 21893: 21889: 21884: 21873: 21869: 21865: 21861: 21857: 21853: 21848: 21837: 21833: 21829: 21825: 21819: 21815: 21814: 21808: 21797: 21793: 21789: 21785: 21781: 21777: 21773: 21769: 21764: 21761: 21757: 21753: 21749: 21745: 21741: 21736: 21735:10.1.1.694.36 21731: 21727: 21723: 21718: 21708: 21704: 21698: 21694: 21693: 21687: 21683: 21677: 21673: 21668: 21665: 21659: 21655: 21654: 21648: 21637: 21633: 21629: 21625: 21620: 21616: 21612: 21608: 21602: 21598: 21593: 21579: 21575: 21573:9781575063553 21569: 21565: 21561: 21557: 21553: 21546: 21541: 21538: 21532: 21528: 21527: 21522: 21518: 21514: 21508: 21494: 21490: 21486: 21485:Archived copy 21482: 21477: 21473: 21467: 21453: 21449: 21445: 21444:Archived copy 21441: 21436: 21425: 21421: 21417: 21413: 21409: 21405: 21401: 21396: 21393: 21387: 21383: 21382: 21376: 21366: 21362: 21356: 21352: 21351: 21345: 21334: 21330: 21329: 21324: 21319: 21305: 21301: 21297: 21293: 21287: 21283: 21279: 21275: 21268: 21263: 21252: 21248: 21244: 21240: 21234: 21230: 21229: 21223: 21213:on 1 May 2018 21212: 21208: 21204: 21199: 21196: 21190: 21186: 21185: 21179: 21169: 21165: 21159: 21155: 21154: 21148: 21144: 21138: 21124: 21121:(in German), 21120: 21116: 21115:Archived copy 21112: 21107: 21104: 21098: 21094: 21093: 21087: 21083: 21079: 21075: 21069: 21065: 21060: 21048: 21044: 21040: 21036: 21030: 21026: 21025: 21019: 21015: 21009: 20995: 20991: 20987: 20986:Archived copy 20983: 20978: 20974: 20968: 20954: 20950: 20946: 20945:Archived copy 20942: 20937: 20933: 20927: 20913: 20909: 20905: 20904:Archived copy 20901: 20896: 20885: 20881: 20877: 20873: 20869: 20865: 20861: 20857: 20853: 20849: 20845: 20841: 20836: 20832: 20826: 20812: 20808: 20804: 20803:Archived copy 20800: 20795: 20791: 20785: 20771: 20767: 20763: 20762:Archived copy 20759: 20754: 20750: 20744: 20730: 20726: 20722: 20721:Archived copy 20718: 20713: 20702: 20698: 20694: 20690: 20684: 20680: 20676: 20671: 20667: 20661: 20647: 20644:(in German), 20643: 20639: 20638:Archived copy 20635: 20630: 20626: 20620: 20606: 20603:(in German), 20602: 20598: 20597:Archived copy 20594: 20589: 20585: 20579: 20565: 20562:(in German), 20561: 20557: 20556:Archived copy 20553: 20548: 20534: 20530: 20526: 20522: 20520:3-447-04659-7 20516: 20512: 20505: 20500: 20496: 20490: 20476: 20473:(in German), 20472: 20468: 20467:Archived copy 20464: 20459: 20455: 20449: 20435: 20432:(in German), 20431: 20427: 20426:Archived copy 20423: 20418: 20414: 20408: 20394: 20391:(in German), 20390: 20386: 20385:Archived copy 20382: 20377: 20373: 20367: 20353: 20350:(in German), 20349: 20345: 20344:Archived copy 20341: 20336: 20333: 20329: 20325: 20321: 20317: 20313: 20309: 20305: 20300: 20290: 20286: 20280: 20276: 20275: 20269: 20259: 20255: 20249: 20245: 20244: 20239: 20235: 20231: 20225: 20221: 20216: 20212: 20207: 20196: 20192: 20188: 20184: 20180: 20176: 20172: 20168: 20164: 20160: 20155: 20142: 20138: 20134: 20130: 20126: 20121: 20116: 20112: 20108: 20101: 20096: 20093: 20087: 20083: 20082: 20076: 20072: 20068: 20063: 20060: 20054: 20050: 20049: 20043: 20033: 20029: 20023: 20019: 20018: 20013: 20009: 20005: 20001: 19997: 19991: 19987: 19982: 19971: 19967: 19965:9781575066394 19961: 19957: 19953: 19949: 19945: 19940: 19929: 19925: 19921: 19916: 19905: 19901: 19897: 19892: 19889: 19883: 19879: 19878: 19872: 19869: 19863: 19859: 19858: 19852: 19841: 19837: 19833: 19829: 19825: 19821: 19816: 19812: 19806: 19802: 19797: 19793: 19787: 19773: 19769: 19765: 19764:Archived copy 19761: 19756: 19753: 19749: 19745: 19741: 19737: 19733: 19729: 19725: 19720: 19717: 19713: 19709: 19705: 19701: 19696: 19686: 19682: 19676: 19672: 19671: 19665: 19654: 19650: 19646: 19642: 19640:0-19-814922-0 19636: 19632: 19631: 19625: 19622: 19616: 19612: 19608: 19603: 19599: 19595: 19591: 19589:0-931464-80-3 19585: 19581: 19576: 19565: 19561: 19555: 19551: 19550: 19544: 19540: 19536: 19532: 19526: 19522: 19517: 19514: 19508: 19504: 19503: 19497: 19493: 19489: 19485: 19483:1-883053-23-4 19479: 19475: 19470: 19467: 19461: 19457: 19456: 19450: 19446: 19442: 19438: 19436:90-04-13158-2 19432: 19428: 19427: 19421: 19417: 19411: 19397: 19393: 19389: 19388:Archived copy 19385: 19380: 19376: 19371: 19367: 19363: 19356: 19351: 19347: 19341: 19327: 19323: 19319: 19318:Archived copy 19315: 19310: 19306: 19300: 19286: 19282: 19278: 19277:Archived copy 19274: 19269: 19265: 19259: 19255: 19250: 19246: 19242: 19238: 19232: 19228: 19223: 19220: 19214: 19210: 19209: 19203: 19199: 19195: 19191: 19187: 19183: 19179: 19172: 19167: 19163: 19159: 19155: 19149: 19145: 19140: 19137: 19131: 19127: 19126: 19120: 19110: 19106: 19100: 19096: 19095: 19090: 19086: 19082: 19078: 19074: 19070: 19066: 19062: 19057: 19047: 19043: 19037: 19033: 19032: 19027: 19023: 19020: 19014: 19010: 19009: 19003: 18999: 18995: 18991: 18989:1-883053-00-5 18985: 18981: 18976: 18972: 18966: 18962: 18957: 18954: 18948: 18944: 18943: 18937: 18934: 18928: 18924: 18923: 18917: 18913: 18907: 18893: 18890:(in German), 18889: 18885: 18884:Archived copy 18881: 18880:"Nin-gublaga" 18876: 18872: 18866: 18852: 18849:(in German), 18848: 18844: 18843:Archived copy 18840: 18835: 18831: 18825: 18811: 18808:(in German), 18807: 18803: 18802:Archived copy 18799: 18794: 18791: 18785: 18781: 18780: 18775: 18771: 18768: 18764: 18761:(2): 95–145, 18760: 18756: 18751: 18747: 18741: 18727: 18723: 18719: 18718:Archived copy 18715: 18710: 18699: 18695: 18691: 18686: 18682: 18676: 18672: 18667: 18664: 18658: 18654: 18650: 18645: 18642: 18636: 18632: 18627: 18617: 18611: 18607: 18606: 18600: 18597: 18591: 18587: 18583: 18578: 18574: 18568: 18554: 18550: 18546: 18545:Archived copy 18542: 18537: 18533: 18529: 18524: 18523:2027.42/77419 18519: 18515: 18511: 18507: 18503: 18498: 18487: 18483: 18479: 18475: 18471: 18467: 18463: 18459: 18455: 18451: 18447: 18443: 18438: 18427: 18423: 18419: 18414: 18410: 18406: 18402: 18396: 18392: 18387: 18376: 18372: 18368: 18364: 18359: 18356: 18352: 18348: 18342: 18338: 18334: 18329: 18325: 18319: 18305: 18301: 18297: 18296:Archived copy 18293: 18288: 18284: 18282:9781139136952 18278: 18274: 18270: 18266: 18261: 18258: 18252: 18248: 18247: 18241: 18227: 18223: 18217: 18210: 18209: 18203: 18200: 18194: 18190: 18185: 18174: 18170: 18166: 18162: 18158: 18154: 18150: 18146: 18141: 18137: 18131: 18127: 18123: 18119: 18114: 18103: 18099: 18095: 18091: 18085: 18081: 18077: 18072: 18061: 18057: 18053: 18049: 18045: 18041: 18037: 18033: 18029: 18025: 18021: 18017: 18012: 18001: 17997: 17993: 17989: 17985: 17981: 17977: 17973: 17968: 17957: 17953: 17949: 17945: 17941: 17937: 17933: 17929: 17924: 17921: 17915: 17911: 17910: 17904: 17893: 17889: 17885: 17881: 17875: 17871: 17867: 17862: 17858: 17854: 17850: 17846: 17842: 17838: 17833: 17823: 17819: 17813: 17809: 17808: 17802: 17799: 17793: 17789: 17788: 17782: 17781: 17769: 17764: 17757: 17752: 17745: 17740: 17733: 17728: 17721: 17716: 17709: 17704: 17702: 17695:, p. 15. 17694: 17689: 17687: 17679: 17674: 17672: 17664: 17659: 17657: 17649: 17644: 17638:, p. 64. 17637: 17632: 17626:, p. 55. 17625: 17620: 17614:, p. 37. 17613: 17608: 17601: 17596: 17589: 17584: 17582: 17574: 17569: 17567: 17565: 17558:, p. 43. 17557: 17552: 17545: 17540: 17533: 17528: 17521: 17516: 17510:, p. 90. 17509: 17504: 17497: 17496:Sharlach 2002 17492: 17485: 17480: 17473: 17468: 17461: 17456: 17449: 17444: 17437: 17432: 17425: 17424:Schwemer 2001 17420: 17413: 17408: 17402:, p. 25. 17401: 17396: 17389: 17384: 17378:, p. 93. 17377: 17372: 17366:, p. 52. 17365: 17360: 17353: 17352:Lambert 1987a 17348: 17346: 17344: 17336: 17331: 17325:, p. 12. 17324: 17319: 17312: 17307: 17305: 17298:, p. 52. 17297: 17292: 17290: 17288: 17286: 17278: 17273: 17271: 17269: 17262:, p. 17. 17261: 17256: 17249: 17244: 17238:, p. 14. 17237: 17232: 17226:, p. 16. 17225: 17220: 17214:, p. 63. 17213: 17208: 17202:, p. 94. 17201: 17196: 17194: 17192: 17185:, p. 66. 17184: 17179: 17177: 17175: 17173: 17171: 17169: 17167: 17165: 17157: 17152: 17146:, p. 60. 17145: 17140: 17133: 17128: 17121: 17120:Brinkman 1980 17116: 17109: 17108:Sharlach 2002 17104: 17102: 17094: 17093:Sharlach 2002 17089: 17087: 17079: 17074: 17067: 17062: 17055: 17050: 17043: 17038: 17031: 17026: 17019: 17014: 17007: 17002: 16996:, p. 57. 16995: 16990: 16983: 16978: 16976: 16968: 16963: 16961: 16959: 16951: 16946: 16939: 16938:Sharlach 2002 16934: 16932: 16924: 16919: 16913:, p. 98. 16912: 16907: 16900: 16895: 16888: 16883: 16881: 16873: 16868: 16866: 16858: 16853: 16847:, p. 95. 16846: 16845:Sharlach 2002 16841: 16834: 16829: 16823:, p. 42. 16822: 16817: 16815: 16808:, p. 41. 16807: 16802: 16800: 16792: 16787: 16780: 16775: 16768: 16767:Sharlach 2002 16763: 16761: 16753: 16752:Sharlach 2002 16748: 16746: 16744: 16742: 16734: 16733:Sharlach 2002 16729: 16722: 16717: 16710: 16705: 16698: 16697:Sharlach 2002 16693: 16686: 16681: 16674: 16669: 16662: 16661:Drijvers 1980 16657: 16650: 16645: 16638: 16633: 16626: 16621: 16614: 16609: 16602: 16597: 16590: 16585: 16578: 16573: 16566: 16561: 16554: 16549: 16547: 16539: 16534: 16528:, p. 87. 16527: 16522: 16516:, p. 21. 16515: 16510: 16503: 16498: 16491: 16486: 16484: 16476: 16471: 16464: 16463:Beaulieu 2014 16459: 16452: 16451:Erickson 2011 16447: 16441:, p. 46. 16440: 16435: 16428: 16423: 16416: 16411: 16404: 16399: 16392: 16388: 16385: 16384: 16378: 16371: 16366: 16359: 16358:Sharlach 2002 16354: 16352: 16344: 16343:Sharlach 2007 16339: 16333:, p. 99. 16332: 16331:Sharlach 2002 16327: 16325: 16323: 16321: 16319: 16311: 16306: 16299: 16294: 16292: 16284: 16279: 16277: 16269: 16264: 16262: 16254: 16249: 16247: 16239: 16234: 16232: 16224: 16219: 16217: 16209: 16204: 16202: 16194: 16189: 16182: 16177: 16175: 16173: 16171: 16163: 16158: 16151: 16146: 16139: 16134: 16132: 16124: 16119: 16117: 16115: 16113: 16111: 16109: 16101: 16096: 16089: 16084: 16077: 16072: 16070: 16068: 16066: 16064: 16056: 16051: 16044: 16039: 16037: 16029: 16024: 16017: 16012: 16010: 16008: 16006: 16004: 15996: 15991: 15984: 15979: 15972: 15967: 15960: 15955: 15953: 15945: 15940: 15938: 15930: 15925: 15923: 15921: 15919: 15917: 15909: 15904: 15902: 15900: 15898: 15890: 15889:Beaulieu 2003 15885: 15883: 15875: 15870: 15863: 15858: 15856: 15848: 15843: 15836: 15831: 15824: 15819: 15817: 15815: 15813: 15805: 15800: 15798: 15796: 15794: 15787:, p. 49. 15786: 15781: 15779: 15777: 15775: 15773: 15765: 15760: 15758: 15750: 15745: 15743: 15741: 15739: 15731: 15726: 15719: 15714: 15708:, p. 74. 15707: 15702: 15700: 15698: 15696: 15694: 15686: 15681: 15679: 15671: 15666: 15664: 15656: 15651: 15649: 15641: 15636: 15629: 15624: 15622: 15620: 15618: 15616: 15614: 15612: 15604: 15603:Schwemer 2008 15599: 15592: 15587: 15580: 15575: 15568: 15567:Schwemer 2008 15563: 15556: 15551: 15544: 15543:Jacobsen 1987 15539: 15537: 15535: 15533: 15531: 15523: 15518: 15516: 15514: 15512: 15510: 15502: 15501:Schwemer 2001 15497: 15490: 15489:Beaulieu 2003 15485: 15478: 15477:Beaulieu 2003 15473: 15466: 15461: 15454: 15449: 15442: 15437: 15430: 15425: 15418: 15413: 15406: 15401: 15399: 15397: 15395: 15393: 15391: 15389: 15387: 15379: 15374: 15372: 15364: 15359: 15357: 15349: 15344: 15342: 15340: 15332: 15327: 15320: 15315: 15313: 15305: 15304:Ackerman 2005 15300: 15298: 15290: 15285: 15283: 15281: 15279: 15271: 15266: 15259: 15254: 15247: 15242: 15240: 15238: 15236: 15228: 15223: 15221: 15213: 15212:Schwemer 2001 15208: 15201: 15200:Schwemer 2001 15196: 15194: 15186: 15185:Schwemer 2001 15181: 15175:, p. 54. 15174: 15173:Peterson 2009 15169: 15163:, p. 54. 15162: 15157: 15155: 15153: 15145: 15140: 15138: 15131:, p. 38. 15130: 15125: 15123: 15115: 15110: 15103: 15098: 15091: 15086: 15080:, p. 71. 15079: 15074: 15072: 15064: 15059: 15052: 15047: 15045: 15043: 15035: 15030: 15024:, p. 85. 15023: 15018: 15012:, p. 57. 15011: 15006: 15004: 14996: 14991: 14984: 14983:Peterson 2009 14979: 14977: 14975: 14967: 14966:Peterson 2009 14962: 14955: 14950: 14948: 14940: 14939:Peterson 2014 14935: 14928: 14923: 14921: 14919: 14917: 14915: 14913: 14911: 14909: 14907: 14905: 14903: 14901: 14899: 14897: 14889: 14884: 14877: 14872: 14870: 14868: 14860: 14855: 14853: 14851: 14849: 14842:, p. 27. 14841: 14836: 14834: 14832: 14825:, p. 86. 14824: 14819: 14817: 14815: 14807: 14806:Stephens 2016 14802: 14800: 14798: 14796: 14794: 14787:, p. 24. 14786: 14781: 14774: 14769: 14767: 14760:, p. 90. 14759: 14754: 14752: 14744: 14739: 14732: 14727: 14725: 14717: 14712: 14710: 14702: 14697: 14691:, p. 55. 14690: 14685: 14683: 14676:, p. 90. 14675: 14670: 14664:, p. 52. 14663: 14658: 14651: 14646: 14640:, p. 84. 14639: 14634: 14628:, p. 72. 14627: 14622: 14616:, p. 36. 14615: 14610: 14603: 14598: 14596: 14588: 14583: 14581: 14573: 14568: 14566: 14564: 14556: 14551: 14549: 14547: 14539: 14534: 14532: 14525:, p. 41. 14524: 14523:Marchesi 2006 14519: 14512: 14507: 14505: 14503: 14495: 14490: 14484:, p. 86. 14483: 14478: 14472:, p. 28. 14471: 14466: 14459: 14454: 14447: 14442: 14440: 14438: 14430: 14425: 14419:, p. 54. 14418: 14413: 14411: 14409: 14402:, p. 30. 14401: 14396: 14389: 14384: 14382: 14380: 14378: 14376: 14374: 14367:, p. 96. 14366: 14361: 14354: 14349: 14342: 14337: 14335: 14333: 14331: 14323: 14318: 14311: 14306: 14304: 14302: 14294: 14289: 14287: 14279: 14274: 14272: 14270: 14268: 14260: 14255: 14249:, p. 49. 14248: 14243: 14241: 14233: 14228: 14221: 14216: 14214: 14212: 14210: 14208: 14200: 14195: 14193: 14185: 14180: 14178: 14170: 14165: 14158: 14153: 14151: 14149: 14141: 14136: 14134: 14132: 14124: 14119: 14117: 14115: 14107: 14102: 14095: 14090: 14084:, p. 93. 14083: 14078: 14071: 14066: 14064: 14062: 14054: 14049: 14047: 14039: 14038:Schwemer 2007 14034: 14032: 14030: 14028: 14026: 14018: 14013: 14006: 14001: 13999: 13991: 13986: 13979: 13974: 13967: 13962: 13960: 13958: 13950: 13945: 13943: 13935: 13930: 13928: 13926: 13924: 13916: 13911: 13904: 13899: 13897: 13889: 13884: 13877: 13872: 13870: 13868: 13866: 13859:, p. 87. 13858: 13853: 13851: 13849: 13841: 13836: 13830:, p. 58. 13829: 13828:Marchesi 2006 13824: 13822: 13820: 13818: 13816: 13808: 13803: 13797:, p. 59. 13796: 13795:Marchesi 2006 13791: 13789: 13781: 13776: 13774: 13772: 13764: 13759: 13757: 13755: 13753: 13751: 13749: 13747: 13745: 13743: 13741: 13739: 13737: 13735: 13733: 13725: 13720: 13713: 13708: 13706: 13704: 13702: 13700: 13692: 13687: 13685: 13683: 13681: 13679: 13677: 13675: 13673: 13671: 13669: 13667: 13659: 13654: 13647: 13642: 13635: 13630: 13624:, p. 18. 13623: 13618: 13616: 13614: 13612: 13604: 13603:Lambert 1983b 13599: 13597: 13595: 13587: 13586:Lambert 1983b 13582: 13580: 13572: 13567: 13560: 13555: 13553: 13551: 13549: 13547: 13545: 13543: 13535: 13530: 13528: 13526: 13518: 13513: 13506: 13501: 13499: 13497: 13495: 13488:, p. 27. 13487: 13482: 13480: 13472: 13467: 13465: 13463: 13455: 13450: 13448: 13440: 13435: 13428: 13423: 13421: 13413: 13408: 13401: 13396: 13394: 13392: 13390: 13382: 13377: 13370: 13365: 13363: 13355: 13350: 13343: 13338: 13331: 13326: 13319: 13314: 13307: 13306:Beaulieu 2003 13302: 13295: 13294:Beaulieu 2003 13290: 13283: 13282:Beaulieu 2003 13278: 13276: 13268: 13267:Beaulieu 2003 13263: 13261: 13253: 13248: 13246: 13244: 13242: 13235:, p. 25. 13234: 13229: 13227: 13219: 13214: 13207: 13202: 13196:, p. 34. 13195: 13190: 13183: 13178: 13176: 13174: 13172: 13170: 13168: 13166: 13164: 13156: 13151: 13144: 13143:Lambert 1980a 13139: 13132: 13127: 13125: 13123: 13121: 13114:, p. 45. 13113: 13108: 13106: 13104: 13096: 13091: 13084: 13079: 13077: 13069: 13068:Lambert 1980a 13064: 13062: 13060: 13058: 13051:, p. 65. 13050: 13045: 13043: 13035: 13030: 13024:, p. 77. 13023: 13018: 13011: 13006: 13000:, p. 39. 12999: 12994: 12992: 12990: 12988: 12980: 12975: 12968: 12963: 12956: 12951: 12944: 12939: 12932: 12927: 12925: 12923: 12921: 12913: 12908: 12901: 12896: 12889: 12884: 12877: 12872: 12870: 12862: 12857: 12850: 12845: 12843: 12841: 12839: 12837: 12835: 12833: 12831: 12829: 12822:, p. 86. 12821: 12816: 12809: 12804: 12798:, p. 53. 12797: 12792: 12786:, p. 90. 12785: 12780: 12773: 12768: 12762:, p. 46. 12761: 12756: 12754: 12752: 12750: 12742: 12737: 12735: 12728:, p. 88. 12727: 12722: 12720: 12718: 12716: 12714: 12712: 12710: 12708: 12706: 12704: 12696: 12691: 12684: 12679: 12677: 12675: 12667: 12662: 12660: 12658: 12650: 12645: 12643: 12635: 12630: 12628: 12620: 12615: 12613: 12606:, p. 69. 12605: 12600: 12598: 12596: 12594: 12592: 12585:, p. 41. 12584: 12579: 12577: 12575: 12567: 12562: 12556:, p. 89. 12555: 12550: 12548: 12546: 12544: 12542: 12535:, p. 88. 12534: 12529: 12527: 12525: 12523: 12515: 12510: 12508: 12506: 12504: 12502: 12500: 12492: 12487: 12480: 12475: 12468: 12463: 12456: 12451: 12449: 12442:, p. 60. 12441: 12440:Marchesi 2006 12436: 12434: 12432: 12424: 12419: 12412: 12407: 12400: 12395: 12393: 12386:, p. 86. 12385: 12380: 12373: 12368: 12361: 12356: 12354: 12347:, p. 50. 12346: 12341: 12339: 12337: 12330:, p. 77. 12329: 12324: 12318:, p. 51. 12317: 12312: 12310: 12308: 12306: 12299:, p. 50. 12298: 12293: 12291: 12283: 12278: 12276: 12268: 12263: 12261: 12253: 12248: 12241: 12236: 12229: 12224: 12217: 12212: 12210: 12202: 12197: 12190: 12185: 12178: 12173: 12171: 12164:, p. 57. 12163: 12158: 12156: 12154: 12152: 12150: 12143:, p. 59. 12142: 12137: 12130: 12125: 12119:, p. 54. 12118: 12113: 12111: 12103: 12098: 12092:, p. 87. 12091: 12086: 12079: 12074: 12067: 12062: 12060: 12058: 12050: 12045: 12038: 12033: 12026: 12021: 12014: 12009: 12003:, p. 40. 12002: 11997: 11995: 11987: 11982: 11976:, p. 89. 11975: 11970: 11968: 11966: 11964: 11962: 11960: 11958: 11956: 11954: 11946: 11941: 11935:, p. 37. 11934: 11929: 11927: 11920:, p. 78. 11919: 11914: 11908:, p. 80. 11907: 11902: 11895: 11890: 11888: 11886: 11878: 11873: 11866: 11861: 11854: 11849: 11847: 11845: 11843: 11841: 11839: 11837: 11829: 11824: 11817: 11812: 11810: 11808: 11806: 11804: 11802: 11800: 11798: 11796: 11794: 11792: 11790: 11788: 11786: 11779:, p. 68. 11778: 11773: 11766: 11761: 11754: 11749: 11743:, p. 85. 11742: 11741:Schwemer 2001 11737: 11730: 11725: 11723: 11721: 11719: 11717: 11715: 11713: 11706:, p. 36. 11705: 11700: 11698: 11696: 11694: 11692: 11690: 11682: 11677: 11675: 11667: 11662: 11660: 11652: 11647: 11640: 11635: 11633: 11631: 11623: 11618: 11611: 11606: 11600:, p. 71. 11599: 11594: 11592: 11584: 11579: 11572: 11567: 11560: 11555: 11548: 11543: 11536: 11531: 11529: 11521: 11516: 11509: 11504: 11502: 11495:, p. 79. 11494: 11489: 11483:, p. 72. 11482: 11477: 11471:, p. 52. 11470: 11469:Jacobsen 1987 11465: 11458: 11453: 11451: 11449: 11441: 11436: 11430:, p. 65. 11429: 11428:Beaulieu 1992 11424: 11422: 11420: 11413:, p. 64. 11412: 11411:Beaulieu 1992 11407: 11400: 11395: 11388: 11383: 11376: 11371: 11364: 11359: 11357: 11355: 11348:, p. 35. 11347: 11342: 11340: 11332: 11327: 11325: 11323: 11321: 11319: 11317: 11315: 11307: 11302: 11295: 11290: 11288: 11280: 11275: 11268: 11263: 11256: 11251: 11244: 11239: 11237: 11235: 11227: 11222: 11215: 11210: 11203: 11198: 11196: 11188: 11183: 11176: 11171: 11164: 11159: 11152: 11147: 11140: 11135: 11128: 11123: 11121: 11113: 11108: 11101: 11096: 11089: 11084: 11077: 11072: 11065: 11060: 11053: 11048: 11041: 11036: 11029: 11024: 11017: 11012: 11010: 11008: 11006: 10998: 10993: 10991: 10984:, p. 27. 10983: 10978: 10976: 10974: 10966: 10961: 10959: 10951: 10946: 10939: 10938:Horowitz 1998 10934: 10932: 10924: 10923:Horowitz 1998 10919: 10912: 10911:Horowitz 1998 10907: 10900: 10899:Horowitz 1998 10895: 10893: 10891: 10883: 10878: 10876: 10868: 10863: 10856: 10855:Horowitz 1998 10851: 10844: 10839: 10832: 10827: 10820: 10815: 10808: 10803: 10796: 10791: 10789: 10787: 10785: 10783: 10775: 10770: 10763: 10758: 10756: 10754: 10746: 10741: 10734: 10729: 10722: 10717: 10715: 10713: 10711: 10709: 10707: 10699: 10694: 10692: 10690: 10682: 10677: 10675: 10673: 10665: 10660: 10653: 10648: 10641: 10636: 10629: 10624: 10617: 10612: 10605: 10600: 10594:, p. 23. 10593: 10588: 10581: 10576: 10570:, p. 94. 10569: 10564: 10562: 10560: 10558: 10556: 10548: 10543: 10541: 10539: 10531: 10526: 10524: 10522: 10514: 10509: 10503:, p. 67. 10502: 10497: 10495: 10487: 10482: 10475: 10470: 10468: 10460: 10455: 10448: 10443: 10441: 10439: 10431: 10426: 10420:, p. 47. 10419: 10414: 10407: 10402: 10395: 10390: 10388: 10381:, p. 35. 10380: 10375: 10373: 10371: 10369: 10367: 10359: 10354: 10347: 10342: 10335: 10330: 10323: 10318: 10312:, p. 40. 10311: 10306: 10299: 10294: 10287: 10282: 10276:, p. 38. 10275: 10274:Peterson 2016 10270: 10268: 10260: 10255: 10248: 10243: 10236: 10231: 10224: 10219: 10212: 10207: 10200: 10195: 10193: 10191: 10189: 10187: 10180:, p. 48. 10179: 10174: 10172: 10165:, p. 43. 10164: 10159: 10153:, p. 86. 10152: 10147: 10145: 10138:, p. 42. 10137: 10132: 10130: 10128: 10126: 10124: 10117:, p. 44. 10116: 10111: 10109: 10107: 10105: 10103: 10095: 10094:Schwemer 2007 10090: 10083: 10082:Schwemer 2007 10078: 10071: 10070:Schwemer 2007 10066: 10064: 10062: 10054: 10053:Schwemer 2007 10049: 10042: 10041:Schwemer 2007 10037: 10030: 10029:Schwemer 2007 10025: 10018: 10017:Schwemer 2007 10013: 10006: 10005:Schwemer 2007 10001: 9994: 9993:Schwemer 2007 9989: 9987: 9979: 9978:Schwemer 2007 9974: 9967: 9966:Schwemer 2007 9962: 9955: 9954:Schwemer 2007 9950: 9948: 9940: 9939:Schwemer 2007 9935: 9933: 9931: 9923: 9922:Schwemer 2007 9918: 9916: 9914: 9906: 9901: 9899: 9897: 9895: 9893: 9891: 9889: 9887: 9885: 9883: 9881: 9879: 9877: 9875: 9873: 9871: 9869: 9861: 9860:Schwemer 2007 9856: 9854: 9846: 9841: 9839: 9837: 9835: 9833: 9831: 9829: 9822:, p. 77. 9821: 9816: 9814: 9812: 9810: 9808: 9806: 9804: 9796: 9791: 9789: 9787: 9785: 9778:, p. 78. 9777: 9772: 9770: 9762: 9757: 9751:, p. 66. 9750: 9745: 9743: 9735: 9730: 9728: 9720: 9715: 9708: 9703: 9697:, p. 19. 9696: 9691: 9689: 9687: 9685: 9678:, p. 84. 9677: 9672: 9670: 9668: 9666: 9658: 9653: 9651: 9643: 9638: 9632:, p. 67. 9631: 9626: 9624: 9616: 9611: 9605:, p. 82. 9604: 9599: 9597: 9595: 9593: 9591: 9583: 9578: 9576: 9574: 9566: 9561: 9559: 9557: 9555: 9548:, p. 24. 9547: 9542: 9536:, p. 55. 9535: 9530: 9528: 9520: 9515: 9513: 9511: 9504:, p. 77. 9503: 9498: 9496: 9494: 9492: 9490: 9488: 9486: 9484: 9482: 9480: 9478: 9471:, p. 34. 9470: 9465: 9463: 9455: 9454:Jacobsen 2008 9450: 9448: 9441:, p. 73. 9440: 9435: 9433: 9431: 9429: 9427: 9425: 9417: 9416:Jacobsen 2008 9412: 9405: 9404:Jacobsen 2008 9400: 9393: 9392:Jacobsen 2008 9388: 9381: 9380:Ackerman 2006 9376: 9374: 9372: 9364: 9359: 9353:, p. 72. 9352: 9347: 9345: 9343: 9341: 9339: 9332:, p. 28. 9331: 9326: 9319: 9314: 9312: 9310: 9308: 9301:, p. 27. 9300: 9295: 9288: 9283: 9276: 9271: 9265:, p. 43. 9264: 9263:Penglase 1994 9259: 9252: 9247: 9245: 9243: 9241: 9239: 9237: 9235: 9227: 9222: 9215: 9210: 9203: 9198: 9191: 9186: 9179: 9174: 9172: 9170: 9168: 9166: 9164: 9162: 9154: 9149: 9142: 9137: 9131:, p. 59. 9130: 9125: 9119:, p. 59. 9118: 9113: 9111: 9109: 9101: 9096: 9089: 9084: 9078:, p. 42. 9077: 9072: 9066:, p. 61. 9065: 9060: 9058: 9056: 9054: 9052: 9050: 9048: 9046: 9044: 9042: 9040: 9032: 9027: 9021:, p. 58. 9020: 9015: 9013: 9011: 9009: 9007: 8999: 8994: 8992: 8990: 8988: 8986: 8984: 8982: 8980: 8978: 8976: 8968: 8963: 8956: 8951: 8944: 8939: 8937: 8929: 8924: 8922: 8914: 8909: 8907: 8899: 8894: 8892: 8884: 8879: 8872: 8867: 8860: 8855: 8848: 8843: 8836: 8831: 8829: 8822:, p. 87. 8821: 8816: 8814: 8806: 8801: 8799: 8797: 8795: 8793: 8785: 8780: 8778: 8770: 8765: 8763: 8761: 8759: 8757: 8755: 8753: 8751: 8749: 8741: 8736: 8734: 8732: 8730: 8728: 8726: 8718: 8717:Peterson 2011 8713: 8706: 8701: 8699: 8692:, p. 23. 8691: 8690:Pomponio 1998 8686: 8684: 8677:, p. 18. 8676: 8675:Pomponio 1998 8671: 8669: 8662:, p. 22. 8661: 8660:Pomponio 1998 8656: 8650:, p. 20. 8649: 8648:Pomponio 1998 8644: 8642: 8640: 8638: 8636: 8634: 8626: 8621: 8619: 8617: 8615: 8613: 8611: 8609: 8607: 8605: 8603: 8601: 8599: 8591: 8586: 8579: 8574: 8568:, p. 38. 8567: 8562: 8556:, p. 82. 8555: 8554:Lambert 1983a 8550: 8548: 8546: 8544: 8542: 8540: 8538: 8530: 8529:Lambert 1983a 8525: 8519:, p. 83. 8518: 8517:Lambert 1983a 8513: 8507:, p. 37. 8506: 8501: 8499: 8497: 8495: 8488:, p. 20. 8487: 8482: 8475: 8470: 8468: 8466: 8464: 8462: 8453: 8449: 8442: 8436:, p. 75. 8435: 8430: 8428: 8426: 8424: 8422: 8420: 8418: 8416: 8414: 8412: 8410: 8408: 8406: 8404: 8396: 8391: 8389: 8381: 8376: 8374: 8372: 8365:, p. 59. 8364: 8359: 8357: 8355: 8353: 8351: 8343: 8338: 8331: 8326: 8319: 8314: 8307: 8302: 8300: 8292: 8287: 8281:, p. 76. 8280: 8275: 8273: 8271: 8269: 8267: 8259: 8254: 8252: 8245:, p. 78. 8244: 8239: 8237: 8235: 8227: 8222: 8215: 8210: 8204:, p. 58. 8203: 8198: 8191: 8190:Stephens 2013 8186: 8184: 8182: 8180: 8178: 8176: 8168: 8163: 8161: 8153: 8148: 8141: 8136: 8129: 8124: 8118:, p. 13. 8117: 8112: 8110: 8108: 8100: 8095: 8093: 8086:, p. 30. 8085: 8080: 8078: 8076: 8074: 8072: 8070: 8068: 8066: 8064: 8057:, p. 92. 8056: 8051: 8049: 8047: 8045: 8043: 8035: 8030: 8028: 8026: 8018: 8013: 8011: 8009: 8007: 8005: 8003: 8001: 7999: 7997: 7989: 7984: 7977: 7972: 7970: 7968: 7966: 7964: 7962: 7954: 7949: 7947: 7945: 7943: 7941: 7939: 7937: 7929: 7924: 7917: 7912: 7905: 7900: 7893: 7888: 7881: 7876: 7869: 7864: 7857: 7852: 7850: 7848: 7840: 7839:Schwemer 2007 7835: 7833: 7825: 7820: 7813: 7808: 7806: 7798: 7797:Peterson 2011 7793: 7791: 7784:, p. 65. 7783: 7778: 7772:, p. 27. 7771: 7766: 7759: 7754: 7747: 7742: 7735: 7730: 7728: 7726: 7718: 7713: 7706: 7701: 7694: 7689: 7683:, p. 34. 7682: 7677: 7675: 7673: 7671: 7669: 7661: 7656: 7654: 7652: 7644: 7639: 7637: 7635: 7633: 7631: 7629: 7621: 7616: 7614: 7612: 7610: 7608: 7606: 7598: 7593: 7586: 7581: 7579: 7571: 7566: 7559: 7554: 7552: 7550: 7548: 7546: 7544: 7542: 7540: 7538: 7536: 7534: 7532: 7524: 7519: 7513:, p. 53. 7512: 7507: 7505: 7503: 7501: 7499: 7492:, p. 54. 7491: 7486: 7484: 7482: 7475:, p. 52. 7474: 7469: 7467: 7459: 7454: 7452: 7444: 7439: 7432: 7427: 7420: 7415: 7413: 7405: 7400: 7398: 7391:, p. 94. 7390: 7385: 7383: 7381: 7379: 7371: 7366: 7359: 7354: 7352: 7345:, p. 98. 7344: 7339: 7337: 7335: 7333: 7325: 7320: 7318: 7316: 7308: 7303: 7301: 7293: 7288: 7282:, p. 93. 7281: 7276: 7274: 7272: 7264: 7259: 7255: 7246: 7243: 7241: 7238: 7236: 7233: 7231: 7228: 7226: 7223: 7222: 7211: 7207: 7203: 7202:Second Isaiah 7199: 7195: 7191: 7187: 7183: 7179: 7175: 7171: 7167: 7165: 7161: 7157: 7152: 7148: 7145: 7141: 7137: 7133: 7128: 7124: 7120: 7116: 7113: 7111: 7108: 7101: 7097: 7093: 7089: 7085: 7081: 7079: 7076: 7074: 7072: 7068: 7063: 7060: 7058: 7056: 7052: 7048: 7046: 7043: 7041: 7039: 7035: 7031: 7027: 7023: 7021: 7017: 7012: 7008: 7006: 7002: 6998: 6994: 6990: 6986: 6983: 6979: 6976: 6971: 6967: 6965: 6961: 6957: 6953: 6950: 6948: 6946: 6942: 6938: 6934: 6930: 6926: 6922: 6919: 6917: 6915: 6911: 6907: 6903: 6900: 6895: 6891: 6889: 6885: 6881: 6877: 6873: 6870: 6865: 6861: 6859: 6855: 6851: 6847: 6845: 6841: 6836: 6832: 6830: 6826: 6822: 6818: 6814: 6811: 6809: 6807: 6803: 6799: 6795: 6790: 6786: 6783: 6781: 6777: 6773: 6769: 6768: 6762: 6760: 6756: 6754: 6752: 6748: 6744: 6740: 6737: 6735: 6733: 6729: 6725: 6720: 6717: 6714: 6709: 6705: 6703: 6699: 6695: 6691: 6687: 6683: 6679: 6677: 6674: 6672: 6666: 6662: 6658: 6654: 6650: 6646: 6644: 6640: 6635: 6631: 6629: 6625: 6621: 6617: 6613: 6610: 6608: 6604: 6600: 6596: 6592: 6589: 6587: 6585: 6581: 6577: 6573: 6569: 6565: 6563: 6560: 6558: 6556: 6552: 6548: 6544: 6541: 6536: 6532: 6530: 6526: 6522: 6518: 6514: 6511: 6506: 6502: 6500: 6496: 6491: 6489: 6485: 6482: 6480: 6478: 6474: 6470: 6466: 6462: 6457: 6455: 6452: 6447: 6443: 6441: 6437: 6433: 6429: 6425: 6421: 6418: 6416: 6414: 6410: 6405: 6403: 6399: 6396: 6394: 6392: 6388: 6384: 6380: 6376: 6373: 6368: 6364: 6362: 6358: 6354: 6350: 6346: 6342: 6338: 6334: 6332: 6329: 6324: 6320: 6318: 6314: 6309: 6306: 6302: 6298: 6294: 6291: 6288: 6286: 6284: 6280: 6276: 6272: 6268: 6264: 6259: 6256: 6251: 6247: 6245: 6241: 6237: 6233: 6229: 6225: 6221: 6217: 6213: 6209: 6207: 6204: 6199: 6195: 6193: 6189: 6184: 6180: 6177:According to 6176: 6173: 6168: 6164: 6162: 6158: 6154: 6150: 6149: 6144: 6140: 6135: 6132: 6128: 6125: 6120: 6116: 6113: 6106: 6102: 6098: 6094: 6090: 6086: 6084: 6081: 6076: 6072: 6070: 6066: 6062: 6059: 6056: 6053: 6052: 6039: 6035: 6031: 6029: 6025: 6023: 6021: 6017: 6012: 6010: 6005: 6001: 5999: 5995: 5990: 5988: 5984: 5982: 5980: 5976: 5971: 5967: 5964: 5959: 5955: 5953: 5949: 5945: 5943: 5937: 5934: 5932: 5930: 5926: 5922: 5918: 5914: 5910: 5908: 5904: 5901: 5899: 5897: 5893: 5889: 5885: 5880: 5878: 5873: 5869: 5867: 5863: 5859: 5858:Sennacherib's 5854: 5851: 5846: 5842: 5840: 5836: 5832: 5828: 5824: 5820: 5818: 5813: 5809: 5807: 5803: 5799: 5798: 5793: 5789: 5784: 5781: 5776: 5772: 5770: 5766: 5762: 5758: 5753: 5750: 5745: 5741: 5739: 5735: 5731: 5727: 5723: 5720: 5718: 5716: 5712: 5708: 5704: 5700: 5696: 5694: 5692: 5688: 5684: 5681: 5679: 5677: 5673: 5669: 5665: 5660: 5658: 5653: 5649: 5643: 5639: 5635: 5631: 5629: 5627: 5625: 5621: 5617: 5613: 5609: 5606: 5603: 5598: 5594: 5592: 5588: 5584: 5580: 5576: 5572: 5568: 5567: 5562: 5558: 5556: 5551: 5547: 5545: 5541: 5537: 5532: 5529: 5527: 5525: 5521: 5517: 5513: 5512: 5507: 5503: 5502: 5497: 5492: 5489: 5484: 5480: 5474: 5470: 5456: 5443: 5439: 5435: 5431: 5429: 5427: 5421: 5417: 5413: 5409: 5405: 5401: 5397: 5393: 5389: 5385: 5381: 5377: 5373: 5370: 5368: 5366: 5362: 5357: 5354: 5352: 5350: 5346: 5342: 5338: 5334: 5331: 5329: 5323: 5319: 5314: 5312: 5309: 5307: 5305: 5301: 5297: 5293: 5290: 5288: 5286: 5282: 5278: 5274: 5271: 5269: 5267: 5263: 5258: 5254: 5250: 5246: 5244: 5241: 5239: 5237: 5233: 5229: 5226: 5224: 5218: 5214: 5209: 5207: 5205: 5199: 5195: 5191: 5187: 5185: 5183: 5181: 5177: 5173: 5172: 5167: 5162: 5160: 5158: 5156: 5152: 5148: 5144: 5140: 5138: 5136: 5134: 5130: 5126: 5122: 5118: 5115: 5113: 5111: 5107: 5103: 5100: 5095: 5091: 5089: 5085: 5080: 5078: 5076: 5074: 5070: 5066: 5062: 5058: 5055: 5053: 5047: 5043: 5039: 5035: 5031: 5027: 5025: 5023: 5021: 5017: 5013: 5009: 5005: 5001: 4997: 4995:Ṣupur-Šubula 4994: 4992: 4990: 4986: 4981: 4977: 4973: 4969: 4965: 4963: 4959: 4956: 4954: 4952: 4948: 4944: 4942: 4939: 4934: 4930: 4924: 4920: 4916: 4912: 4910: 4907: 4905: 4903: 4899: 4895: 4891: 4889: 4886: 4884: 4880: 4876: 4872: 4868: 4865: 4863: 4861: 4857: 4853: 4851: 4847: 4844: 4842: 4840: 4836: 4832: 4829: 4827: 4825: 4821: 4817: 4813: 4809: 4806: 4804: 4802: 4798: 4794: 4790: 4786: 4784: 4780: 4775: 4771: 4769: 4765: 4761: 4757: 4753: 4749: 4747: 4743: 4741: 4739: 4735: 4731: 4728: 4726: 4722: 4718: 4713: 4710: 4707: 4705: 4699: 4695: 4691: 4687: 4682: 4679: 4676: 4674: 4672: 4668: 4664: 4663: 4658: 4654: 4652: 4649: 4644: 4640: 4638: 4634: 4630: 4628: 4626: 4624: 4620: 4616: 4612: 4608: 4606: 4603: 4598: 4594: 4592: 4588: 4584: 4580: 4576: 4574: 4572: 4570: 4566: 4562: 4558: 4554: 4550: 4546: 4542: 4540: 4536: 4532: 4528: 4523: 4519: 4517: 4513: 4509: 4504: 4501: 4499: 4493: 4489: 4485: 4481: 4478: 4477:Puzrish-Dagan 4474: 4472: 4470: 4466: 4462: 4458: 4455: 4453: 4451: 4447: 4442: 4439: 4437: 4435: 4431: 4427: 4424: 4422: 4416: 4412: 4408: 4403: 4401: 4399: 4397: 4393: 4389: 4385: 4381: 4379: 4377: 4375: 4371: 4367: 4362: 4359: 4357: 4355: 4351: 4347: 4344: 4342: 4340: 4336: 4332: 4328: 4324: 4321: 4319: 4317: 4313: 4309: 4305: 4301: 4297: 4293: 4289: 4285: 4281: 4277: 4275: 4272: 4267: 4263: 4261: 4257: 4253: 4249: 4246: 4244: 4242: 4238: 4233: 4229: 4227: 4222: 4218: 4216: 4212: 4208: 4204: 4200: 4198: 4195: 4193: 4191: 4187: 4183: 4180: 4178: 4174: 4169: 4167: 4165: 4163: 4159: 4155: 4151: 4148: 4146: 4144: 4140: 4135: 4133: 4129: 4125: 4123: 4117: 4113: 4109: 4105: 4100: 4097: 4095: 4092:Belet Ekallim 4089: 4085: 4081: 4077: 4074: 4072: 4070: 4066: 4061: 4058: 4056: 4054: 4050: 4046: 4042: 4039: 4037: 4033: 4029: 4025: 4023: 4021: 4019: 4015: 4011: 4007: 4002: 3999: 3997: 3991: 3987: 3983: 3979: 3975: 3971: 3969: 3966: 3964: 3962: 3958: 3953: 3950: 3948: 3946: 3942: 3938: 3935: 3933: 3931: 3927: 3923: 3919: 3915: 3911: 3907: 3903: 3900: 3898: 3896: 3892: 3888: 3886: 3884: 3878: 3874: 3870: 3866: 3862: 3858: 3854: 3851: 3849: 3847: 3843: 3839: 3835: 3832: 3830: 3824: 3820: 3816: 3812: 3808: 3805: 3800: 3796: 3794: 3790: 3786: 3782: 3778: 3774: 3770: 3768: 3764: 3760: 3757: 3755: 3753: 3749: 3745: 3742: 3740: 3738: 3734: 3730: 3726: 3722: 3718: 3716: 3712: 3710: 3708: 3704: 3700: 3696: 3692: 3688: 3684: 3680: 3676: 3674: 3670: 3668: 3666: 3662: 3658: 3654: 3653: 3648: 3646: 3644: 3642: 3638: 3634: 3630: 3628:Nēmed-Laguda 3627: 3625: 3623: 3619: 3615: 3611: 3610:earth goddess 3607: 3603: 3601: 3598: 3596: 3594: 3590: 3586: 3582: 3579: 3577: 3575: 3571: 3567: 3566: 3561: 3559: 3557: 3555: 3551: 3547: 3543: 3540: 3538: 3536: 3532: 3527: 3525:Umma, Lagash 3524: 3522: 3520: 3516: 3512: 3508: 3504: 3500: 3497: 3495: 3493: 3489: 3485: 3481: 3477: 3473: 3469: 3465: 3461: 3460: 3455: 3452: 3450: 3448: 3444: 3440: 3438: 3436: 3434: 3430: 3426: 3422: 3417: 3415: 3413: 3411: 3407: 3403: 3399: 3395: 3394: 3389: 3387: 3386: 3381: 3376: 3372: 3370: 3366: 3362: 3360: 3358: 3356: 3352: 3348: 3344: 3340: 3335: 3332: 3330: 3328: 3324: 3320: 3316: 3312: 3311: 3306: 3303: 3301: 3299: 3295: 3291: 3287: 3285: 3282: 3280: 3278: 3274: 3270: 3266: 3263: 3261: 3259: 3255: 3251: 3243: 3239: 3236: 3232: 3230: 3224: 3220: 3216: 3212: 3209: 3207: 3203: 3198: 3194: 3191: 3189: 3187: 3183: 3179: 3175: 3172: 3170: 3164: 3160: 3156: 3152: 3148: 3144: 3140: 3136: 3132: 3128: 3124: 3121: 3117: 3113: 3110: 3108: 3106: 3102: 3098: 3094: 3090: 3087: 3085: 3083: 3079: 3075: 3071: 3067: 3065: 3063: 3061: 3057: 3053: 3049: 3045: 3041: 3037: 3033: 3031: 3029: 3027: 3023: 3019: 3015: 3010: 3006: 3004: 2999: 2995: 2993: 2989: 2985: 2981: 2976: 2972: 2968: 2967: 2962: 2958: 2955: 2953: 2951: 2947: 2943: 2939: 2935: 2931: 2929: 2927: 2925: 2921: 2917: 2913: 2909: 2906: 2904: 2902: 2898: 2894: 2890: 2889: 2884: 2881: 2879: 2876: 2869: 2865: 2861: 2860: 2855: 2854: 2849: 2844: 2842: 2840: 2834: 2830: 2826: 2821: 2818: 2813: 2809: 2807: 2803: 2799: 2795: 2791: 2787: 2784: 2780: 2779: 2774: 2772: 2770: 2768: 2764: 2760: 2756: 2753: 2751: 2749: 2745: 2741: 2738: 2736: 2732: 2728: 2724: 2720: 2716: 2712: 2708: 2704: 2701: 2699: 2697: 2693: 2689: 2688: 2684: 2681: 2676: 2672: 2668: 2665: 2663: 2661: 2657: 2653: 2649: 2645: 2641: 2638: 2634: 2633: 2628: 2626: 2624: 2622: 2618: 2614: 2610: 2606: 2604: 2602: 2600: 2596: 2592: 2588: 2584: 2580: 2575: 2572: 2570: 2568: 2564: 2559: 2556: 2554: 2552: 2548: 2544: 2540: 2535: 2532: 2530: 2528: 2524: 2519: 2518: 2513: 2511: 2507: 2503: 2500: 2498: 2496: 2492: 2488: 2484: 2480: 2478:Ḫursaĝkalama 2477: 2475: 2473: 2469: 2465: 2461: 2454: 2452: 2450: 2448: 2444: 2440: 2438: 2436: 2434: 2430: 2425: 2421: 2417: 2416: 2412:composed the 2411: 2399: 2395: 2387: 2383: 2379: 2376: 2372: 2369: 2364: 2360: 2354: 2350: 2346: 2342: 2339: 2337: 2335: 2331: 2327: 2323: 2322: 2317: 2314: 2312: 2306: 2302: 2298: 2294: 2290: 2287: 2285: 2279: 2275: 2271: 2267: 2263: 2260: 2258: 2256: 2252: 2248: 2244: 2239: 2237: 2233: 2230: 2228: 2226: 2222: 2218: 2214: 2212: 2209: 2207: 2205: 2201: 2197: 2192: 2190: 2186: 2183: 2181: 2179: 2175: 2171: 2167: 2163: 2159: 2158: 2153: 2149: 2145: 2137: 2133: 2130: 2127: 2125: 2123: 2119: 2114: 2110: 2106: 2104: 2102: 2098: 2094: 2090: 2086: 2082: 2079: 2077: 2075: 2071: 2066: 2062: 2060: 2057: 2055: 2053: 2049: 2044: 2041: 2039: 2037: 2033: 2019: 2014:Minor deities 2006: 2001: 1997: 1996: 1991: 1989: 1987: 1983: 1979: 1978: 1973: 1969: 1965: 1963: 1961: 1957: 1952: 1950: 1948: 1944: 1940: 1936: 1932: 1930: 1928: 1924: 1920: 1916: 1912: 1910: 1908: 1904: 1900: 1895: 1891: 1889: 1885: 1881: 1877: 1872: 1868: 1864: 1862: 1860: 1856: 1852: 1848: 1844: 1840: 1836: 1832: 1830: 1828: 1824: 1820: 1816: 1812: 1811: 1806: 1804: 1802: 1798: 1787: 1784: 1781: 1778: 1774: 1770: 1766: 1765: 1760: 1756: 1752: 1748: 1733: 1729: 1728: 1722: 1718: 1713: 1711: 1709: 1706: 1704: 1702: 1698: 1694: 1690: 1686: 1682: 1678: 1674: 1669: 1667: 1664: 1661: 1656: 1652: 1650: 1646: 1642: 1638: 1634: 1630: 1626: 1622: 1618: 1614: 1613: 1608: 1606: 1603: 1601: 1600: 1595: 1590: 1586: 1584: 1580: 1576: 1571: 1570:Enlil and Sud 1567: 1562: 1560: 1557: 1553: 1550: 1548: 1546: 1542: 1538: 1537:Sennacherib's 1534: 1533: 1528: 1524: 1520: 1516: 1512: 1510: 1508: 1504: 1501: 1499: 1497: 1493: 1489: 1484: 1480: 1476: 1474: 1472: 1469: 1464: 1460: 1458: 1454: 1449: 1447: 1444: 1442: 1438: 1433: 1429: 1427: 1423: 1419: 1415: 1411: 1407: 1406: 1401: 1397: 1393: 1389: 1385: 1381: 1380: 1375: 1371: 1367: 1365: 1363: 1360: 1358: 1356: 1352: 1348: 1345: 1341: 1337: 1333: 1330: 1326: 1322: 1318: 1314: 1310: 1305: 1303: 1300: 1297: 1292: 1288: 1282: 1278: 1274: 1270: 1266: 1262: 1258: 1254: 1250: 1245: 1243: 1241: 1237: 1232: 1228: 1226: 1222: 1219: 1216: 1208: 1204: 1201: 1198: 1195: 1194: 1192: 1190: 1188: 1184: 1180: 1176: 1171: 1167: 1164: 1160: 1156: 1150: 1146: 1142: 1138: 1134: 1130: 1129: 1124: 1120: 1116: 1112: 1110: 1107: 1105: 1102: 1097: 1093: 1091: 1087: 1083: 1079: 1075: 1073: 1071: 1067: 1064: 1059: 1055: 1049: 1045: 1041: 1037: 1033: 1031: 1028: 1026: 1022: 1018: 1013: 1009: 1007: 1003: 999: 995: 991: 987: 986: 980: 976: 972: 969: 966: 964: 960: 956: 952: 948: 943: 939: 933: 929: 925: 921: 917: 913: 909: 904: 902: 900: 896: 892: 887: 883: 877: 873: 869: 865: 861: 857: 853: 848: 846: 843: 841: 837: 833: 829: 825: 821: 816: 812: 806: 802: 797: 795: 792: 790: 786: 782: 777: 773: 767: 763: 758: 754: 752: 749: 747: 743: 739: 734: 730: 724: 720: 716: 712: 708: 704: 700: 696: 692: 688: 684: 680: 678: 675: 673: 669: 666: 661: 657: 655: 651: 647: 642: 638: 634: 630: 626: 624: 622: 619: 614: 610: 608: 604: 600: 596: 592: 588: 586: 583: 581: 578: 573: 569: 567: 563: 559: 555: 554: 549: 545: 541: 537: 533: 532: 527: 523: 519: 515: 511: 507: 503: 499: 495: 490: 487: 484: 482: 478: 475: 470: 466: 460: 456: 452: 448: 444: 440: 435: 433:Northern sky 432: 430: 426: 423: 418: 414: 408: 404: 400: 396: 392: 388: 383: 380: 378: 374: 371: 366: 362: 356: 352: 335: 332: 330: 326: 322: 318: 314: 310: 306: 302: 298: 294: 290: 285: 283: 279: 275: 271: 267: 263: 259: 255: 251: 247: 243: 239: 235: 231: 227: 223: 217:Major deities 214: 212: 208: 204: 192: 188: 184: 180: 176: 172: 163: 159: 154: 152: 151: 144: 134: 130: 126: 122: 118: 114: 110: 106: 102: 101:Mesopotamians 97: 95: 91: 87: 83: 79: 75: 71: 67: 63: 59: 51: 45: 41: 37: 33: 25: 24:cylinder seal 20: 16: 24607: 24589: 24577: 24486:Resurrection 24239:Mesopotamian 24238: 23923:By geography 23849: 23830: 23810: 23790: 23778:. Retrieved 23751:The Hurrians 23750: 23738:. Retrieved 23710: 23698:. Retrieved 23671: 23656:. Retrieved 23637: 23609:, retrieved 23600: 23596: 23568:, retrieved 23559: 23555: 23527:, retrieved 23518: 23514: 23486:, retrieved 23477: 23473: 23458:. Retrieved 23430: 23405:, retrieved 23396: 23392: 23377:. Retrieved 23344: 23340: 23317: 23306:, retrieved 23297: 23282:. Retrieved 23249: 23245: 23230:. Retrieved 23208: 23193:. Retrieved 23178: 23164:, retrieved 23145: 23141: 23110: 23086:, retrieved 23077: 23073: 23050: 23039:. Retrieved 23014: 23010: 22982:, retrieved 22973: 22969: 22941:, retrieved 22932: 22928: 22913:, retrieved 22904: 22889:, retrieved 22880: 22865:. Retrieved 22824: 22820: 22805:. Retrieved 22777: 22752:, retrieved 22743: 22739: 22725:, retrieved 22692: 22688: 22673:. Retrieved 22646: 22631:. Retrieved 22604: 22589:. Retrieved 22561: 22536:, retrieved 22527: 22523: 22508:. Retrieved 22483: 22479: 22464:. Retrieved 22436: 22432: 22414:. Retrieved 22386: 22366: 22341:, retrieved 22332: 22328: 22305: 22274: 22258: 22254: 22244:, retrieved 22235: 22222: 22218: 22208:, retrieved 22188: 22170: 22166: 22155:. Retrieved 22114: 22110: 22095:. Retrieved 22068: 22040:, retrieved 22031: 22027: 22012:. Retrieved 21985: 21970:. Retrieved 21943: 21928:. Retrieved 21895: 21891: 21876:. Retrieved 21859: 21855: 21840:. Retrieved 21812: 21800:. Retrieved 21775: 21771: 21725: 21721: 21711:, retrieved 21691: 21671: 21652: 21640:. Retrieved 21631: 21627: 21596: 21585:. Retrieved 21555: 21551: 21525: 21497:, retrieved 21488: 21484: 21456:, retrieved 21447: 21443: 21428:. Retrieved 21403: 21380: 21369:, retrieved 21349: 21337:, retrieved 21326: 21311:. Retrieved 21273: 21255:. Retrieved 21227: 21215:, retrieved 21211:the original 21206: 21183: 21172:, retrieved 21152: 21127:, retrieved 21118: 21114: 21091: 21063: 21051:. Retrieved 21023: 20998:, retrieved 20989: 20985: 20957:, retrieved 20948: 20944: 20916:, retrieved 20907: 20903: 20888:. Retrieved 20847: 20843: 20815:, retrieved 20806: 20802: 20774:, retrieved 20765: 20761: 20758:"Išme-karāb" 20733:, retrieved 20724: 20720: 20705:. Retrieved 20678: 20650:, retrieved 20641: 20637: 20609:, retrieved 20600: 20596: 20568:, retrieved 20559: 20555: 20540:. Retrieved 20510: 20479:, retrieved 20470: 20466: 20438:, retrieved 20429: 20425: 20397:, retrieved 20388: 20384: 20356:, retrieved 20347: 20343: 20340:"Lugal-asal" 20307: 20303: 20293:, retrieved 20273: 20262:, retrieved 20242: 20219: 20210: 20199:. Retrieved 20166: 20162: 20148:, retrieved 20110: 20106: 20080: 20070: 20047: 20036:, retrieved 20016: 19985: 19974:. Retrieved 19947: 19932:, retrieved 19923: 19908:, retrieved 19899: 19876: 19856: 19844:. Retrieved 19827: 19823: 19800: 19776:, retrieved 19767: 19763: 19727: 19723: 19699: 19689:, retrieved 19669: 19657:. Retrieved 19629: 19610: 19579: 19568:. Retrieved 19548: 19520: 19501: 19473: 19454: 19425: 19400:, retrieved 19391: 19387: 19374: 19365: 19361: 19330:, retrieved 19321: 19317: 19314:"Kingaludda" 19289:, retrieved 19280: 19276: 19253: 19226: 19207: 19181: 19177: 19143: 19124: 19113:, retrieved 19093: 19064: 19060: 19050:, retrieved 19030: 19007: 18979: 18960: 18941: 18921: 18896:, retrieved 18887: 18883: 18855:, retrieved 18846: 18842: 18814:, retrieved 18805: 18801: 18778: 18758: 18754: 18730:, retrieved 18721: 18717: 18702:, retrieved 18693: 18670: 18652: 18630: 18619:. Retrieved 18604: 18585: 18582:"Monotheism" 18557:, retrieved 18548: 18544: 18505: 18501: 18490:. Retrieved 18449: 18445: 18430:. Retrieved 18421: 18390: 18379:. Retrieved 18370: 18366: 18336: 18308:, retrieved 18299: 18295: 18264: 18245: 18233:. Retrieved 18207: 18188: 18177:. Retrieved 18152: 18148: 18117: 18106:. Retrieved 18079: 18064:. Retrieved 18023: 18019: 18004:. Retrieved 17979: 17975: 17960:. Retrieved 17935: 17931: 17908: 17896:. Retrieved 17869: 17840: 17836: 17826:, retrieved 17806: 17786: 17777:Bibliography 17763: 17751: 17739: 17727: 17722:, p. 2. 17715: 17643: 17631: 17619: 17607: 17595: 17551: 17544:Lambert 2013 17539: 17527: 17520:Beckman 1998 17515: 17503: 17491: 17486:, p. 1. 17484:Beckman 1998 17479: 17474:, p. 2. 17472:Beckman 1998 17467: 17455: 17443: 17431: 17419: 17407: 17400:Beckman 1999 17395: 17388:Taracha 2009 17383: 17371: 17359: 17337:, p. 1. 17330: 17318: 17313:, p. 7. 17296:Wilhelm 1989 17277:Lambert 1980 17255: 17243: 17231: 17219: 17207: 17151: 17139: 17127: 17115: 17073: 17061: 17049: 17037: 17025: 17013: 17001: 16994:Wilhelm 1989 16989: 16967:Lambert 2007 16945: 16918: 16906: 16901:, p. 4. 16894: 16852: 16840: 16828: 16786: 16774: 16728: 16716: 16704: 16692: 16685:Herbert 2003 16680: 16668: 16656: 16644: 16637:Wiggins 2007 16632: 16625:Wiggins 2007 16620: 16613:Wiggins 2007 16608: 16601:Wiggins 2007 16596: 16589:Wiggins 2007 16584: 16577:Wiggins 2007 16572: 16565:Wiggins 2007 16560: 16553:Wiggins 2007 16533: 16521: 16509: 16497: 16470: 16458: 16446: 16439:Dillery 2014 16434: 16422: 16410: 16403:Taracha 2009 16398: 16382: 16377: 16365: 16338: 16305: 16188: 16157: 16145: 16095: 16083: 16050: 16023: 15990: 15978: 15966: 15869: 15842: 15830: 15725: 15713: 15635: 15598: 15586: 15574: 15562: 15550: 15496: 15484: 15472: 15460: 15453:Lambert 2013 15448: 15441:Lambert 2013 15436: 15429:Lambert 2013 15424: 15417:Lambert 2013 15412: 15363:Lambert 2013 15348:Lambert 2013 15331:Lambert 2013 15326: 15319:Lambert 2013 15265: 15253: 15207: 15180: 15168: 15109: 15102:Marcato 2018 15097: 15090:Wiggins 2007 15085: 15063:Lambert 2013 15058: 15029: 15017: 14990: 14961: 14934: 14883: 14840:Beckman 1999 14780: 14743:Staiger 2010 14738: 14731:Staiger 2010 14716:Staiger 2010 14696: 14669: 14657: 14645: 14633: 14621: 14609: 14518: 14489: 14477: 14465: 14453: 14424: 14395: 14360: 14353:Lambert 2013 14348: 14341:Lambert 2013 14322:Lambert 2013 14317: 14310:Lambert 2013 14254: 14227: 14164: 14101: 14089: 14077: 14012: 13985: 13973: 13966:Lambert 1987 13949:Lambert 1987 13915:Lambert 2013 13910: 13883: 13835: 13802: 13780:Lambert 2013 13719: 13658:Lambert 2013 13653: 13646:Lambert 2013 13641: 13634:Lambert 2013 13629: 13571:Leemans 1983 13566: 13534:Lambert 2013 13517:Lambert 2013 13512: 13505:Lambert 2013 13471:Lambert 1983 13454:Lambert 1983 13439:Lambert 1983 13434: 13412:Lambert 2013 13407: 13376: 13369:Holland 2009 13349: 13342:Lambert 2013 13337: 13330:Lambert 2013 13325: 13313: 13301: 13289: 13213: 13201: 13189: 13150: 13138: 13090: 13029: 13022:Veenhof 2018 13017: 13005: 12974: 12967:Lambert 2013 12962: 12950: 12938: 12907: 12895: 12883: 12856: 12815: 12803: 12791: 12779: 12767: 12695:Richter 2004 12690: 12561: 12486: 12479:Lambert 2013 12474: 12467:Lambert 2013 12462: 12418: 12406: 12379: 12372:Lambert 2013 12367: 12323: 12252:Lambert 2013 12247: 12235: 12223: 12196: 12184: 12136: 12124: 12097: 12085: 12073: 12044: 12032: 12020: 12008: 11981: 11940: 11913: 11901: 11872: 11860: 11823: 11772: 11760: 11755:, p. 6. 11748: 11736: 11646: 11617: 11605: 11578: 11566: 11559:Burkert 2005 11554: 11542: 11515: 11488: 11476: 11464: 11435: 11406: 11394: 11382: 11370: 11306:Lambert 2013 11301: 11294:Lambert 2013 11279:Lambert 2013 11274: 11267:Lambert 2013 11262: 11255:Lambert 2013 11250: 11243:Lambert 2013 11226:Lambert 2013 11221: 11214:Lambert 2013 11209: 11202:Lambert 2013 11187:Lambert 2013 11182: 11175:Lambert 2013 11170: 11163:Lambert 2013 11158: 11151:Lambert 2013 11146: 11139:Lambert 2013 11134: 11127:Lambert 2013 11112:Lambert 2013 11107: 11100:Lambert 2013 11095: 11088:Lambert 2013 11083: 11071: 11059: 11047: 11040:Lambert 2013 11035: 11023: 11016:Lambert 2013 10997:Lambert 2013 10965:Lambert 2013 10950:Lambert 2013 10945: 10918: 10906: 10862: 10850: 10838: 10826: 10814: 10802: 10769: 10740: 10728: 10659: 10647: 10635: 10623: 10611: 10599: 10587: 10575: 10508: 10481: 10454: 10425: 10413: 10401: 10353: 10341: 10329: 10317: 10305: 10293: 10288:, p. 9. 10281: 10254: 10242: 10230: 10218: 10206: 10158: 10089: 10077: 10048: 10036: 10024: 10012: 10000: 9973: 9961: 9756: 9714: 9702: 9637: 9610: 9541: 9411: 9399: 9387: 9358: 9325: 9294: 9282: 9270: 9258: 9221: 9209: 9197: 9185: 9148: 9136: 9124: 9095: 9083: 9071: 9026: 8962: 8950: 8878: 8866: 8854: 8842: 8712: 8655: 8590:Lambert 2013 8585: 8573: 8561: 8524: 8512: 8481: 8451: 8441: 8382:, p. 5. 8380:Lambert 2013 8337: 8325: 8313: 8286: 8226:Lambert 2013 8221: 8209: 8197: 8167:Lambert 2013 8147: 8135: 8123: 7983: 7923: 7911: 7899: 7892:Bautsch 2003 7887: 7875: 7868:Lambert 2013 7863: 7856:Lambert 2013 7824:Lambert 2013 7819: 7812:Lambert 2013 7777: 7765: 7760:, p. 2. 7753: 7741: 7712: 7700: 7688: 7645:, p. 8. 7592: 7587:, p. 6. 7565: 7518: 7438: 7426: 7365: 7287: 7258: 7158:Kingdoms of 7029: 6929:Gary Beckman 6849: 6816: 6765: 6742: 6652: 6567: 6521:Anšar = Anum 6520: 6516: 6382: 6378: 6345:Dura-Europos 6274: 6270: 6262: 6223: 6219: 6183:Artaxerxes I 6146: 6093:fire temples 6037: 6036:, it is the 6033: 5969: 5965:Ishkur/Adad 5940: 5827:miscarriages 5795: 5791: 5751:Utu/Shamash 5725: 5702: 5698: 5615: 5611: 5582: 5564: 5560: 5515: 5509: 5499: 5411: 5407: 5387: 5379: 5375: 5336: 5276: 5189: 5169: 5165: 5142: 5120: 5029: 5011: 5007: 5003: 4975: 4882:Šarrat-Dēri 4875:Ašrat aḫītu, 4874: 4815: 4811: 4801:Panigingarra 4685: 4660: 4507: 4484:salt springs 4406: 4339:Ninigizibara 4283: 4202: 4044: 3913: 3864: 3856: 3837: 3729:α Scorpionis 3683:Kurigalzu II 3655:, Lahar and 3650: 3632: 3584: 3563: 3506: 3502: 3471: 3467: 3463: 3457: 3401: 3397: 3391: 3383: 3308: 3245: 3210:Dūr-Šarruku 3177: 3096: 3047: 3009:Jeremy Black 2974: 2970: 2964: 2941: 2937: 2886: 2857: 2851: 2847: 2776: 2718: 2714: 2678: 2630: 2578: 2515: 2463: 2456: 2413: 2319: 2292: 2246: 2169: 2155: 2143: 2128: 2112: 2092: 2084: 2004: 1993: 1975: 1971: 1934: 1870: 1866: 1808: 1782: 1772: 1768: 1762: 1758: 1754: 1750: 1744: 1725: 1693:Nabopolassar 1620: 1616: 1610: 1597: 1569: 1530: 1403: 1377: 1320: 1319:, while his 1214: 1212: 1140: 1136: 1126: 983: 957:, and later 707:Dura Europos 551: 547: 543: 529: 451:lapis lazuli 447:national god 398: 286: 220: 210: 206: 202: 178: 170: 155: 148: 145: 109:cult statues 99:The ancient 98: 93: 89: 80:". Both the 73: 69: 65: 57: 56: 15: 24349:Agriculture 24244:Micronesian 24060:Anglo-Saxon 23470:"Nin-šubur" 22173:: 277–290. 20982:"Manziniri" 20634:"Šarrāḫītu" 19273:"Kanisurra" 18541:"Ninegalla" 17843:: 105–108. 17720:Grabbe 2010 17678:Miller 1986 17588:Dalley 2013 17532:Porter 2004 17018:Potter 1991 17006:Foster 1996 16514:Dirven 2014 16490:Parker 2017 16475:Parker 2017 16310:Morony 1984 15874:George 2003 15847:George 2003 15835:George 2003 15655:Kramer 1961 15591:George 2003 15579:George 2003 15289:George 2003 15246:George 1999 15227:George 1993 15114:George 1993 15022:George 1993 14876:George 2003 14785:George 1993 14773:George 1993 14758:Simons 2017 14638:George 1993 14626:George 1993 14614:George 1993 14602:Jordan 2002 14482:George 1993 14470:George 1993 14400:George 1993 14278:Jordan 2002 14053:George 1993 13990:George 1993 13978:George 1993 13486:George 1993 13381:Jordan 2002 13354:George 1993 13252:Edzard 1980 13218:Jordan 2002 13194:George 1993 13049:McCall 1990 12931:George 2003 12912:Jordan 2002 12900:George 1993 12861:George 1993 12849:Weeden 2016 12784:Kramer 1961 12649:Kramer 1963 12634:Kramer 1963 12619:Kramer 1963 12566:Simons 2017 12554:Simons 2017 12533:Simons 2017 12491:George 1993 12455:George 1993 12328:George 1993 12316:Kramer 1961 12297:Kramer 1961 12282:Kramer 1961 12189:Archi 2015a 12117:George 1993 12090:Kramer 1961 12049:George 2003 12037:George 2003 12025:George 2003 12013:George 2003 12001:Dalley 1989 11986:George 2003 11945:George 1993 11933:George 1993 11918:George 1993 11906:George 1993 11828:George 1999 11765:George 1993 11064:George 1992 10882:Kramer 1961 10640:Kramer 1961 10616:Kramer 1961 10151:Simons 2017 9226:Robson 2015 8928:Kramer 1961 8871:Kramer 1961 8395:Wright 2002 8342:Kramer 1963 8330:Kramer 1963 8318:Kramer 1983 8214:Kramer 1963 8116:Rogers 1998 8099:Harris 1991 7916:Kramer 1963 7904:Kramer 1963 7746:Kramer 1963 7620:Brisch 2016 7263:Kramer 1961 6628:Inshushinak 6547:Verethragna 6517:eše hawurni 6391:Belet Nagar 6153:Ningishzida 6069:Ahura Mazda 5985:Marduk and 5690:Kingaludda 5591:Girtablullu 5349:Uṣur-amāssu 5341:Uṣur-amāssu 5277:Enuma Elish 5050:Shulshagana 5038:Uṣur-amāssu 4960:, possibly 4793:Sagittarius 4345:Umma, Uruk 4286:, the hero 4260:Ningishzida 4207:Guškinbanda 3918:homophonous 3833:Bad-tibira 3737:Lugala'abba 3614:Inshushinak 3498:Uruk, Kish 3472:Enuma Elish 3343:Inshushinak 3233:Id (modern 2980:Ningishzida 2950:Geshtinanna 2864:Great Flood 2567:Dumuzi-abzu 2422:written in 2116:creature." 2100:Amashilama 1947:Lugaldukuga 1937:(a kind of 1899:Samsu-iluna 1721:Sennacherib 1695:are known. 1519:Ningishzida 1342:Buriyaš or 1309:Uruk period 1285:Adad, Hadad 1082:Geshtinanna 711:Elephantine 591:Babylonians 540:Great Flood 520:, the sage 399:Luludanitu, 24614:Categories 24540:Vegetation 24476:Psychopomp 24281:Philippine 24219:Lithuanian 24179:Indonesian 23780:2022-03-12 23740:2021-07-30 23700:2022-05-17 23658:2021-07-28 23611:2021-07-28 23570:2022-05-22 23529:2021-10-03 23488:2021-08-01 23460:2021-07-29 23407:2021-07-28 23379:2021-08-01 23284:2021-10-03 23232:2022-04-26 23195:2022-05-23 23166:2020-11-30 23088:2022-02-16 23041:2022-03-30 22984:2021-07-28 22943:2021-08-01 22867:2022-04-26 22807:2022-10-01 22754:2022-04-28 22727:2022-04-28 22675:2022-02-25 22633:2021-07-28 22591:2022-04-05 22538:2022-05-23 22510:2022-02-12 22466:2021-08-01 22416:2022-02-28 22343:2021-07-31 22293:1223089221 22246:2018-08-04 22210:2020-11-30 22157:2021-07-28 22097:2021-07-28 22042:2022-02-02 22014:2022-02-23 21972:2022-02-09 21930:2021-10-07 21878:2021-07-31 21842:2022-05-23 21802:2021-08-12 21713:2020-11-30 21642:2021-07-28 21587:2022-05-23 21499:2022-05-23 21458:2021-07-31 21430:2022-03-05 21371:2020-11-30 21313:2022-05-22 21257:2021-09-25 21174:2020-11-30 21129:2022-05-23 21000:2021-10-05 20959:2021-07-28 20918:2022-05-23 20890:2021-09-12 20817:2021-08-11 20776:2021-08-11 20735:2021-07-28 20707:2022-03-13 20697:1038056453 20652:2022-03-13 20611:2021-09-28 20570:2022-03-19 20542:2022-05-17 20481:2021-07-28 20440:2021-07-28 20399:2022-05-23 20358:2022-05-23 20295:2018-07-24 20264:2018-03-13 20201:2021-08-07 20150:2018-03-15 20038:2020-11-30 19976:2022-04-05 19846:2021-08-04 19778:2021-07-28 19691:2020-09-25 19659:2022-02-12 19570:2022-06-24 19402:2021-08-11 19362:Philippika 19332:2021-09-27 19291:2021-09-27 19162:1066106613 19115:2020-11-30 19052:2020-11-30 18898:2022-05-23 18857:2021-09-28 18816:2021-08-12 18732:2022-05-23 18621:2022-05-23 18559:2021-08-12 18492:2021-07-28 18432:2021-08-04 18381:2021-09-12 18310:2021-09-25 18235:2021-07-28 18179:2022-04-03 18149:Orientalia 18108:2021-07-28 18066:2021-07-28 18006:2021-07-28 17976:Orientalia 17962:2021-08-07 17932:Orientalia 17898:2021-07-28 17888:1159428969 17828:2020-11-30 17708:Dever 2003 17460:Feliu 2003 17448:Feliu 2003 17436:Archi 2015 17335:Archi 2013 17323:Archi 2013 17311:Archi 2013 17260:Archi 2013 17236:Archi 2013 17224:Archi 2013 17132:Seidl 1972 16950:Archi 2004 16923:Archi 2004 16899:Archi 2010 16887:Archi 2004 16872:Archi 2004 16857:Archi 2004 16721:Archi 2013 16673:Cohen 2013 16538:Cohen 2013 16502:Cohen 2013 16415:Murat 2009 16370:Litke 1998 16298:Litke 1998 15670:Pryke 2017 15405:Horry 2013 13807:Bauer 1987 13233:Litke 1998 12979:Soldt 2005 12955:Soldt 2005 12943:Soldt 2005 12514:Horry 2016 12423:Klein 1997 12411:Klein 1997 12384:Black 2006 12360:Cohen 1993 12228:Klein 2010 11028:Litke 1998 10568:Pryke 2017 10501:Leick 2013 8955:Pryke 2017 8913:Pryke 2017 8898:Pryke 2017 8820:Leick 1998 8784:Pryke 2017 8306:Hallo 1996 8140:James 1963 7758:Litke 1998 7705:Archi 1990 7643:Leick 1998 7597:Litke 1998 7585:Litke 1998 7251:References 7170:Israelites 7140:El Shaddai 6789:Esarhaddon 6779:Manziniri 6657:Ereshkigal 6599:Al-Hasakah 6275:Tauropolos 6139:Ereshkigal 5998:Urmahlullu 5913:Enmesharra 5831:cot deaths 5797:Enûma Eliš 5125:Enmesharra 5088:Shul-utula 5000:underworld 4980:Lugalbanda 4968:Tell Agrab 4962:Tell Agrab 4824:Sadarnunna 4717:Ereshkigal 4680:, Kiritab 4611:Lugalbanda 4415:Nin-MAR.KI 4331:apotropaic 4316:Ningublaga 4232:Babylonian 4053:Nimintabba 3752:Lugalbanda 3421:Hendursaga 3327:Ishmekarab 3215:Esarhaddon 3186:Hendursaga 3167:Ḫegirnunna 3036:Ereshkigal 2891:, she and 2591:Hendursaga 2404:1600 BC – 2394:Utu-hengal 2334:Belet-Seri 2326:underworld 2309:Lugal-asal 2074:Amasagnudi 2005:Enûma Eliš 1995:Enûma Eliš 1927:Enmesharra 1871:Enûma Eliš 1867:Enûma Eliš 1810:Enûma Eliš 1773:Enûma Eliš 1764:Enûma Eliš 1515:Ereshkigal 1483:divination 1334:("Adad of 1159:Nintinugga 1090:Ereshkigal 1066:Bad-tibira 1036:Ereshkigal 856:Ereshkigal 699:Hierapolis 502:Damgalnuna 479:temple in 427:temple in 375:temple in 197:1830 BC – 143:2004 BC). 139:2112 BC – 26:dating to 24429:Knowledge 24414:Household 24394:Fertility 24286:Purépecha 24169:Hungarian 24094:Hebridean 24072:Mycenaean 23976:Canaanite 23876:243923454 23730:171049273 23369:161099846 23361:0084-5299 23266:0373-6032 23227:0373-6032 23023:0066-6440 22857:161219123 22841:0022-2968 22717:164771112 22709:0232-8461 22665:648616171 22500:1569-2116 22453:1569-2116 22147:232250529 22131:0021-0889 22087:850438175 22004:954238944 21962:952181311 21920:164470953 21912:0084-5299 21868:0212-5730 21832:460044951 21792:162329196 21760:163475560 21730:CiteSeerX 21420:234551379 21323:"Ninurta" 21300:2610-8828 21247:237144973 21082:861537250 20880:163337976 20864:0021-0889 20799:"Lāgamāl" 20332:163489322 20191:161464047 20183:0084-5299 20137:1406-0957 20115:CiteSeerX 20004:470337605 19752:162322517 19245:263460607 19198:140595319 19089:Day, John 19081:0905-7196 18532:0221-5896 18482:163362140 18466:0022-0256 18424:: 13–30. 18355:1384-2161 18161:0030-5367 18098:882106763 18056:191962310 18040:0021-0889 17988:0030-5367 17944:0030-5367 17857:193002796 17756:Blum 1998 17744:Betz 2000 17636:Stol 2019 17624:Gelb 1973 16393:, line 30 15270:Selz 1995 15258:Selz 1995 14094:Selz 1995 13010:Selz 1995 12888:Selz 1995 12876:Selz 1995 12683:Zisa 2021 12240:Selz 1995 12216:Selz 1995 12078:Katz 2003 11399:Krul 2018 11387:Krul 2018 10211:Stol 1998 9202:Mark 2017 8243:Ataç 2018 8152:Katz 2003 8128:Clay 2006 7693:Katz 1995 7245:An = Anum 7186:Jerusalem 7184:captured 7174:Levantine 6937:Ninsianna 6925:Kiririsha 6821:Tashmetum 6817:Ninsikila 6743:An = Anum 6653:An = Anum 6584:Ḫabūrītum 6572:Napirisha 6465:kusarikku 6383:Parthenos 6379:Promachos 6317:Atargatis 6034:An = Anum 6020:Ušumgallu 5929:Suhurmašu 5792:kusarikku 5761:Gilgamesh 5738:Kusarikku 5703:ilu lemnu 5699:An = Anum 5607:/Shamash 5571:Gilgamesh 5402:from her 5272:Borsippa 5221:Dadamušda 5217:Tadmuštum 5110:Shuzianna 5046:Shulshaga 5012:An = Anum 5008:wābalu(m) 4860:Šarrāḫītu 4724:Nunusdug 4615:Gilgamesh 4569:Ninsikila 4549:haruspicy 4516:Ninsianna 4496:Ninnisig? 4469:Ninpumuna 4288:Gilgamesh 4241:Ningirima 4176:Ninhegal 4162:Ningirida 4143:Ningikuga 4045:An = Anum 4035:Nanibgal 3811:Babylonia 3777:Gilgamesh 3725:Ninsikila 3713:Adab and 3679:Babylonia 3585:šuillakku 3492:Kanisurra 3484:Ninshubur 3480:Ninkarrak 3468:An = Anum 3250:-lú-ru-gú 3074:Ninkarrak 3026:Gugalanna 2938:ṣayyaḫatu 2912:Parthians 2848:An = Anum 2759:Gugalanna 2734:Enlilazi 2420:epic poem 2357:Gilgamesh 2305:Bēl-ṣarbi 2266:Ninhursag 2247:An = Anum 2162:Aphrodite 2144:An = Anum 2113:An = Anum 2109:Ningirida 2085:An = Anum 2052:Ama-arhus 1732:Papsukkal 1717:Hammurabi 1637:Papsukkal 1583:Ninshubur 1439:Uruk and 1325:extispicy 1215:An = Anum 1163:Ninkarrak 1141:An = Anum 1115:Gugalanna 998:Euphrates 876:Ninhursag 832:Shuruppak 641:Sargon II 629:Assyrians 599:Sarpānītu 506:Ninhursag 329:Ninsianna 305:Ninhursag 266:Nabonidus 246:Ninhursag 244:regarded 150:An = Anum 22:Akkadian 24596:Category 24535:Tutelary 24523:Trickery 24496:Smithing 24321:Ugaritic 24316:Tuvaluan 24271:Ossetian 24249:Muskogee 24194:Japanese 24121:Buddhist 24114:Rigvedic 24089:Hawaiian 24055:Germanic 24050:Georgian 24040:Etruscan 24035:Estonian 24013:Egyptian 23946:Armenian 23936:Albanian 23774:Archived 23770:21036268 23734:Archived 23694:Archived 23652:Archived 23619:citation 23605:archived 23578:citation 23564:archived 23537:citation 23523:archived 23496:citation 23482:archived 23454:Archived 23450:27914917 23415:citation 23401:archived 23373:Archived 23302:archived 23278:Archived 23274:23281369 23176:(1996). 23160:archived 23129:33242446 23096:citation 23082:archived 23070:"Šuwala" 23035:Archived 23031:41670228 22992:citation 22978:archived 22966:"Tišpak" 22951:citation 22937:archived 22925:"Nanaja" 22909:archived 22885:archived 22861:Archived 22801:Archived 22762:citation 22748:archived 22721:archived 22669:Archived 22627:Archived 22623:48399212 22585:Archived 22581:33334960 22546:citation 22532:archived 22504:Archived 22457:Archived 22410:Archived 22406:48145544 22351:citation 22337:archived 22325:"Zababa" 22303:(1987), 22240:archived 22204:archived 22179:20187558 22151:Archived 22091:Archived 22050:citation 22036:archived 22008:Archived 21966:Archived 21924:Archived 21872:Archived 21836:Archived 21796:Archived 21752:25608622 21707:archived 21636:Archived 21578:Archived 21523:(1986), 21507:citation 21493:archived 21481:"Šubula" 21466:citation 21452:archived 21424:Archived 21365:archived 21339:4 August 21333:archived 21304:Archived 21251:Archived 21217:30 April 21168:archived 21137:citation 21123:archived 21111:"Lagaba" 21053:March 5, 21047:Archived 21043:67873765 21008:citation 20994:archived 20967:citation 20953:archived 20926:citation 20912:archived 20884:Archived 20825:citation 20811:archived 20784:citation 20770:archived 20743:citation 20729:archived 20701:Archived 20660:citation 20646:archived 20619:citation 20605:archived 20578:citation 20564:archived 20533:Archived 20529:51728225 20489:citation 20475:archived 20463:"Nanšak" 20448:citation 20434:archived 20407:citation 20393:archived 20366:citation 20352:archived 20289:archived 20258:archived 20240:(1961), 20195:Archived 20141:archived 20032:archived 19970:Archived 19928:archived 19904:archived 19840:Archived 19824:Bulletin 19786:citation 19772:archived 19685:archived 19653:Archived 19649:51668477 19598:27813103 19564:Archived 19539:16252979 19492:34149948 19445:52107444 19410:citation 19396:archived 19368:: 51–66. 19340:citation 19326:archived 19299:citation 19285:archived 19109:archived 19091:(2002), 19046:archived 19028:(1989), 18998:27431674 18906:citation 18892:archived 18865:citation 18851:archived 18824:citation 18810:archived 18798:"Nungal" 18740:citation 18726:archived 18698:archived 18567:citation 18553:archived 18486:Archived 18426:Archived 18409:51944564 18375:Archived 18318:citation 18304:archived 18292:"LUM-ma" 18226:Archived 18173:Archived 18169:26153279 18102:Archived 18060:Archived 18048:20779017 18000:Archived 17996:43078173 17956:Archived 17952:43075881 17892:Archived 17822:archived 17693:Day 2002 16387:Archived 7219:See also 7103:Umbidaki 7088:mushussu 7078:Eshnunna 7045:Mardaman 6964:Shaushka 6806:Meskilak 6690:Meskilak 6649:Sumerian 6529:Herakles 6469:mushussu 6424:Eshnunna 6305:Ugaritic 6283:Ashratum 6212:Seleucid 6179:Berossos 6108:Allatum 6089:Sasanian 6063:Details 6028:Ninkilim 5987:Sarpanit 5979:Uridimmu 5935:Enki/Ea 5888:Lamashtu 5839:Mušḫuššu 5806:Lamashtu 5721:Enki/Ea 5490:Ninurta 5467:Details 5442:Itūr-Mēr 5371:Babylon 5326:Urkayītu 5236:Tashmetu 5073:Shulpa'e 5065:Ninĝirsu 5004:ābalu(m) 4927:Medimsha 4915:Sarpanit 4839:Sarpanit 4789:Ninisina 4768:Pabilsaĝ 4756:oil lamp 4744:Nippur, 4702:Manungal 4684:myth of 4671:Numushda 4662:kudurrus 4374:Ninkurra 4252:Ningilin 4215:Ninkilim 4006:scimitar 3974:Ishtaran 3910:Akkadian 3895:Mammitum 3691:Mammitum 3269:Ninĝirsu 3223:Idlurugu 3082:Ĝatumdug 3070:Ninisina 2984:mushussu 2856:and the 2786:Archived 2707:Enbilulu 2683:Archived 2666:Babylon 2660:Enbilulu 2640:Archived 2551:Dingirma 2424:Akkadian 2353:Bilgames 2345:Ashratum 2315:Šapazzu 2293:kallatum 2243:Shulpa'e 2204:Asarluhi 2164:, was a 2089:Seleucid 2030:Details 1894:Akkadian 1880:Parthian 1876:Seleucid 1795:Details 1641:Seleucid 1566:Šuruppak 1532:mušḫuššu 1523:Eshnunna 1503:Eshnunna 1479:Ningirsu 1405:kudurrus 1396:Ningirsu 1344:Ugaritic 1238:Lagash, 1183:Borsippa 1155:Ninisina 1125:and her 936:Ninĝírsu 683:Tashmetu 668:Borsippa 595:Asarluhi 518:Enbilulu 514:Asarluhi 439:Elamites 349:Details 207:Anunnaki 175:chthonic 158:Anunnaki 125:chariots 82:Sumerian 24560:Weather 24545:Volcano 24513:Thunder 24461:Nations 24439:Liminal 24419:Hunting 24404:Fortune 24374:Creator 24326:Vainakh 24276:Persian 24264:Zapotec 24254:Myanmar 24199:Kassite 24174:Hurrian 24164:Hittite 24079:Guanche 24045:Finnish 24030:Elamite 24003:Chinese 23981:Catalan 23941:Arabian 23931:African 22263:Bibcode 22139:4200556 21615:9645034 20872:4200181 20717:"Jabnu" 20324:3642699 19760:"Šimut" 19744:1062957 18474:1360026 7107:Nupatik 7096:Elamite 7071:Tishpak 7038:Shuwala 7030:kudurru 6989:Subartu 6978:Nineveh 6945:Shalash 6914:Pinikir 6880:Sebitti 6858:Narundi 6850:Tākultu 6829:Nabarbi 6812:Dilmun 6767:Tākultu 6751:Kumarbi 6620:kudurru 6590:Sikani 6542:Greece 6428:Tishpak 6402:Shekhna 6385:types. 6374:Greece 6308:Athirat 6290:Amorite 6271:Soteira 6263:Daittai 6257:Greece 6244:Artemis 6224:Daittai 6220:Komaios 6174:Persia 6161:Anahita 6127:Hurrian 6101:Mada'in 5942:kudurru 5907:Narundi 5896:Sebitti 5726:kissugu 5715:Kulullû 5682:Ishtar 5642:Humbaba 5616:gir-tab 5536:Gudea's 5516:huluppu 5477:Imdugud 5438:Humbaba 5410:and in 5322:Urkitum 5291:Nippur 5198:Sumugan 5116:Nippur 5056:Lagash 5034:Misharu 4894:Ištaran 4850:Babylon 4830:Nippur 4812:kudurru 4729:Kisiga 4678:Kazallu 4657:Ištaran 4561:Pinikir 4557:Elamite 4434:Ninmena 4419:Ninmar? 4396:Ninmada 4354:Ninkasi 4292:Dumuzid 4190:Ninimma 4181:Sippar 4088:Ninegal 4069:Nindara 4028:Ishartu 4018:Misharu 3945:Mandanu 3936:Sippar 3827:Latarak 3806:Kisiga 3743:Nippur 3671:Kutha, 3593:Lagamar 3546:Sherida 3470:and in 3339:Elamite 3298:Ilabrat 3264:Lagash 3258:Igalima 3205:Humhum 3151:Nineveh 3088:Lagash 2924:Gazbaba 2837:Errakal 2833:Erragal 2781:(ETCSL 2754:Nippur 2739:Nippur 2696:Enkimdu 2635:(ETCSL 2472:Bizilla 2178:Anunītu 2087:and in 2036:Alammuš 1935:suššuru 1839:Hittite 1777:Kassite 1633:Ilabrat 1527:Tishpak 1414:Dumuzid 1355:Ištaran 1340:Kassite 1336:Subartu 1329:Hurrian 1048:Dumuzid 985:Lugal-e 963:Assyria 932:Ninurta 912:Mesilim 864:Dumuzid 836:Zabalam 770:Shamash 695:Palmyra 687:Mercury 677:Mercury 585:Jupiter 580:Babylon 486:Canopus 262:Shamash 183:Hurrian 94:puluhtu 24584:Portal 24466:Nature 24409:Health 24359:Beauty 24331:Yoruba 24311:Turkic 24306:Slavic 24301:Samoan 24229:Māʻohi 24214:Lakota 24209:Korean 24150:Meitei 23998:Chahta 23986:Celtic 23966:Basque 23961:Balkan 23874: 23864: 23838: 23818: 23798: 23768: 23758: 23728: 23718: 23686: 23644: 23448: 23438: 23367: 23359: 23324: 23272: 23264: 23225: 23186: 23152: 23127: 23117: 23057: 23029: 23021: 22855: 22849:544089 22847: 22839: 22793: 22715: 22707: 22663: 22653: 22621: 22611: 22579: 22569: 22498: 22451: 22404: 22394: 22374: 22313: 22291: 22281: 22196: 22189:Ishtar 22177: 22145: 22137: 22129: 22085: 22075: 22002: 21992: 21960: 21950: 21918: 21910: 21866: 21830: 21820: 21790: 21758: 21750: 21732: 21699: 21678: 21660: 21613: 21603: 21570: 21533: 21418: 21388: 21357: 21298: 21288: 21245: 21235: 21191: 21160: 21099: 21080: 21070: 21041: 21031: 20878: 20870: 20862: 20695: 20685: 20527: 20517: 20330: 20322: 20281: 20250: 20226: 20189: 20181: 20135: 20117: 20088: 20055: 20024: 20002: 19992: 19962: 19884: 19864: 19807: 19750: 19742: 19716:605698 19714: 19677: 19647: 19637: 19617: 19596: 19586: 19556: 19537: 19527: 19509: 19490: 19480: 19462: 19443: 19433: 19384:"Uttu" 19260: 19243: 19233: 19215: 19196: 19160: 19150: 19132: 19101: 19079: 19038: 19015: 18996: 18986: 18967: 18949: 18929: 18786: 18677: 18659: 18637: 18612: 18592: 18530: 18480: 18472: 18464: 18407: 18397: 18353: 18343: 18279: 18253: 18218: 18195: 18167: 18159: 18132: 18096: 18086: 18054: 18046: 18038: 17994: 17986: 17950: 17942: 17916: 17886: 17876: 17855: 17814: 17794: 7160:Israel 7136:Elohim 7127:Yahweh 7119:Arbela 7092:Teshub 7084:Ninazu 7065:wife. 7020:Zagros 6997:Ninlil 6876:Nanaya 6759:Urkesh 6738:Elam? 6724:bashmu 6702:Išḫara 6676:Dilmun 6606:Ḫarbe 6555:Humban 6484:Tuttul 6361:Athena 6337:Edessa 6301:Amurru 6292:areas 6267:Ikaros 6236:Ikaros 6232:Strabo 6206:Greece 6192:Apollo 6148:sukkal 6131:Haššum 6112:Allani 6087:Under 6083:Persia 6057:Image 6038:sukkal 6026:Nabu; 5970:ugallu 5952:Ugallu 5921:Gutium 5903:Nergal 5866:Pazuzu 5757:Enkidu 5676:Kilili 5664:Humban 5646:Huwawa 5634:Pazuzu 5612:lu-ulu 5579:Taurus 5575:Enkidu 5569:after 5461:Image 5404:vagina 5384:Esagil 5380:uttutu 5311:Dilbat 5253:Nanaya 5227:Kutha 5202:Šakkan 5180:Silili 5166:Šiduri 5155:Šiduri 5147:Laguda 5133:Sirsir 4989:Šubula 4941:Karkar 4871:Amurru 4846:Esagil 4746:Harran 4698:Nungal 4591:Ninsun 4583:Dilmun 4537:, and 4531:Sippar 4492:Ninšar 4450:Ninmug 4384:Ninsar 4366:Nungal 4300:Lagash 4280:Ninazu 4274:Lagash 4197:Nippur 4132:Harran 4120:Nikkal 4116:Ningal 4104:Nungal 4080:Nanshe 4040:Eresh 3994:Amurru 3961:Manzat 3901:Kutha 3869:Hamazi 3815:Gemini 3781:Nippur 3773:Ninsun 3765:, and 3763:Nippur 3673:Lagaba 3657:Ashnan 3622:Laguda 3600:Dilbat 3535:Kittum 3507:ganzer 3459:sukkal 3393:sukkal 3385:sukkal 3369:Isimud 3355:Irnina 3310:sukkal 3192:Girsu 3173:Girsu 3141:, and 3131:Ninlil 3127:Nisaba 3118:, and 3060:Gunura 3044:Ninazu 3040:Ennugi 2916:temple 2901:Gareus 2875:Ashnan 2871:Ezina 2825:Nergal 2819:Kutha 2748:Ennugi 2727:Amurru 2675:Bilulu 2599:Duttur 2587:Nanshe 2583:Dumuzi 2579:Dumuzi 2517:sukkal 2508:, and 2502:Sippar 2495:Bunene 2483:Ninlil 2433:Birtum 2270:Nisaba 2166:calque 2093:sukkal 2068:Uruk. 2024:Image 1986:Tiamat 1939:pigeon 1859:Kishar 1855:Anshar 1847:Dumuzi 1827:Belili 1815:Tiamat 1792:Image 1757:, and 1727:sukkal 1701:Zababa 1681:Ugarit 1673:Shulgi 1649:Nisaba 1612:sukkal 1599:sukkal 1552:Nippur 1545:Ninlil 1496:Ninazu 1471:Lagash 1457:Nanshe 1426:Nanaya 1379:sukkal 1374:Manzat 1332:Teshub 1321:sukkal 1299:Karkar 1281:Ishkur 1265:Ninlil 1257:Nanshe 1133:Namtar 1128:sukkal 1119:Nergal 1052:Tammuz 1006:Nergal 994:Tigris 968:Saturn 955:Lagash 916:Šulpae 908:Lagash 838:, and 828:Lagash 824:Nippur 809:Ishtar 805:Inanna 785:Sippar 757:Ninlil 746:Harran 715:Yahweh 703:Edessa 566:Marduk 558:jasper 536:Isimud 531:sukkal 528:. His 526:Nanshe 510:Marduk 498:Ishkur 477:E-Abzu 445:, the 443:Marduk 429:Nippur 340:Image 327:, and 317:Inanna 315:, and 274:Marduk 258:Harran 238:Inanna 232:, and 117:barges 113:temple 105:Heaven 44:Isimud 42:, and 32:Inanna 24555:Water 24471:Night 24434:Light 24384:Earth 24379:Death 24364:Chaos 24291:Roman 24224:Māori 24189:Irish 24184:Inuit 24131:Japan 24126:China 24104:Hindu 24067:Greek 24018:Index 23971:Batak 23956:Aztec 23872:S2CID 23365:S2CID 23308:9 May 23270:JSTOR 23027:JSTOR 22915:9 May 22891:9 May 22853:S2CID 22845:JSTOR 22713:S2CID 22460:(PDF) 22429:(PDF) 22175:JSTOR 22143:S2CID 22135:JSTOR 21916:S2CID 21788:S2CID 21778:(2). 21756:S2CID 21748:JSTOR 21581:(PDF) 21548:(PDF) 21416:S2CID 21307:(PDF) 21270:(PDF) 20900:"Laṣ" 20876:S2CID 20868:JSTOR 20536:(PDF) 20507:(PDF) 20328:S2CID 20320:JSTOR 20187:S2CID 20144:(PDF) 20103:(PDF) 19934:9 May 19910:9 May 19748:S2CID 19740:JSTOR 19712:JSTOR 19358:(PDF) 19194:S2CID 19174:(PDF) 18755:Numen 18704:9 May 18478:S2CID 18470:JSTOR 18229:(PDF) 18212:(PDF) 18165:JSTOR 18052:S2CID 18044:JSTOR 17992:JSTOR 17948:JSTOR 17853:S2CID 7210:Torah 7180:king 7164:Judah 7061:Elam 7055:Simut 6920:Elam 6906:Ashur 6871:Susa 6844:Taite 6784:Elam 6772:Taite 6732:Jabru 6694:Šurpu 6682:Agaru 6669:Enzag 6665:Inzak 6595:Ḫabur 6568:kiten 6488:Terqa 6477:Dagan 6461:lahmu 6454:Egypt 6398:Nagar 6353:Tyche 6349:Allat 6341:Hatra 6331:Syria 6297:Larsa 6097:Irbil 6054:Name 5884:Hanbi 5769:Lahmu 5730:Kalhu 5624:Hanbi 5524:Bašmu 5458:Name 5400:semen 5396:rapes 5355:Uruk 5332:Uruk 5243:Kalhu 5171:Šurpu 4951:Shara 4923:Shala 4909:Assur 4902:Šerua 4807:Adab 4783:Larag 4752:Gibil 4738:Nusku 4690:Martu 4637:Nirah 4623:Nintu 4579:Lisin 4545:Venus 4535:Larsa 4461:Ishum 4440:Utab 4327:Nanna 4308:Hydra 4304:Adapa 4296:Gudea 4154:Nammu 4108:Qatna 4008:or a 3990:Martu 3982:Simut 3920:with 3914:mammû 3912:word 3865:gallû 3859:) of 3846:Lumma 3823:Lulal 3767:Kuara 3721:Ashgi 3707:Lisin 3641:Lahar 3606:Urash 3511:Ezida 3447:Kakka 3433:Kabta 3410:Ishum 3319:Eridu 3315:Adapa 3284:Agade 3277:Ilaba 3197:Gudea 3178:lukur 3163:Ḫegir 3147:Assur 3143:Kuara 3120:Kuara 3097:lamma 3093:Gudea 3046:. In 3018:Nusku 3014:Shala 2992:Gibil 2975:galla 2971:galla 2966:galla 2942:kazbu 2934:Šurpu 2907:Uruk 2893:Lahar 2798:Enten 2794:Emesh 2783:5.3.3 2767:Enten 2652:Enten 2648:Emesh 2637:5.3.3 2621:Emesh 2613:sheep 2557:Kesh 2510:Assur 2418:, an 2340:Uruk 2261:Kesh 2255:Aruru 2225:Ashgi 2217:Eridu 2211:Kuara 2185:Agade 2157:Iliad 2152:Dione 2080:Uruk 2021:Name 1972:engur 1960:Nammu 1843:Alalu 1835:Hurro 1823:Alala 1789:Name 1767:, or 1663:Eresh 1605:Orion 1575:Ishum 1556:Assur 1507:Enegi 1418:Assur 1400:Girsu 1392:Gudea 1384:Nirah 1317:Shala 1253:Girsu 1249:Gudea 1109:Hydra 1104:Kutha 1070:Kuara 1040:Gibil 1021:Kutha 959:Kalhu 951:Girsu 924:omega 845:Venus 789:Larsa 723:Nanna 672:Kalhu 646:Assur 637:Šerua 633:Assur 621:Assur 607:Ashur 542:. In 522:Adapa 494:Nammu 481:Eridu 407:Enlil 391:Enlil 373:Eanna 337:Name 325:Simut 321:Venus 309:Nanna 297:Enlil 282:Assur 270:Hadad 250:Nanna 242:Gudea 230:Enlil 211:Igigi 203:Igigi 187:Igigi 171:Lamma 162:Gudea 70:melam 66:melam 24565:Wind 24528:List 24518:Tree 24506:List 24481:Rain 24454:List 24449:Moon 24399:Fire 24369:Dawn 24296:Sami 24234:Maya 24204:Komi 24155:List 24143:List 24138:Jain 24109:List 24023:List 24008:Efik 23991:List 23862:ISBN 23836:ISBN 23816:ISBN 23796:ISBN 23766:OCLC 23756:ISBN 23726:OCLC 23716:ISBN 23684:ISBN 23642:ISBN 23625:link 23584:link 23543:link 23502:link 23446:OCLC 23436:ISBN 23421:link 23357:ISSN 23322:ISBN 23310:2018 23262:ISSN 23223:ISSN 23184:ISBN 23150:ISBN 23125:OCLC 23115:ISBN 23102:link 23055:ISBN 23019:ISSN 22998:link 22957:link 22917:2018 22893:2018 22837:ISSN 22791:ISBN 22768:link 22705:ISSN 22661:OCLC 22651:ISBN 22619:OCLC 22609:ISBN 22577:OCLC 22567:ISBN 22552:link 22496:ISSN 22449:ISSN 22402:OCLC 22392:ISBN 22372:ISBN 22357:link 22311:ISBN 22289:OCLC 22279:ISBN 22194:ISBN 22127:ISSN 22111:Iraq 22083:OCLC 22073:ISBN 22056:link 22000:OCLC 21990:ISBN 21958:OCLC 21948:ISBN 21908:ISSN 21864:ISSN 21828:OCLC 21818:ISBN 21697:ISBN 21676:ISBN 21658:ISBN 21611:OCLC 21601:ISBN 21568:ISBN 21531:ISBN 21513:link 21472:link 21386:ISBN 21355:ISBN 21341:2018 21296:ISSN 21286:ISBN 21243:OCLC 21233:ISBN 21219:2018 21189:ISBN 21158:ISBN 21143:link 21097:ISBN 21078:OCLC 21068:ISBN 21055:2022 21039:OCLC 21029:ISBN 21014:link 20973:link 20932:link 20860:ISSN 20844:Iraq 20831:link 20790:link 20749:link 20693:OCLC 20683:ISBN 20666:link 20625:link 20584:link 20525:OCLC 20515:ISBN 20495:link 20454:link 20413:link 20372:link 20279:ISBN 20248:ISBN 20224:ISBN 20179:ISSN 20133:ISSN 20086:ISBN 20053:ISBN 20022:ISBN 20000:OCLC 19990:ISBN 19960:ISBN 19936:2018 19912:2018 19882:ISBN 19862:ISBN 19805:ISBN 19792:link 19675:ISBN 19645:OCLC 19635:ISBN 19615:ISBN 19594:OCLC 19584:ISBN 19554:ISBN 19535:OCLC 19525:ISBN 19507:ISBN 19488:OCLC 19478:ISBN 19460:ISBN 19441:OCLC 19431:ISBN 19416:link 19346:link 19305:link 19258:ISBN 19241:OCLC 19231:ISBN 19213:ISBN 19158:OCLC 19148:ISBN 19130:ISBN 19099:ISBN 19077:ISSN 19036:ISBN 19013:ISBN 18994:OCLC 18984:ISBN 18965:ISBN 18947:ISBN 18927:ISBN 18912:link 18871:link 18830:link 18784:ISBN 18746:link 18706:2018 18675:ISBN 18657:ISBN 18635:ISBN 18610:ISBN 18590:ISBN 18573:link 18528:ISSN 18462:ISSN 18405:OCLC 18395:ISBN 18351:ISSN 18341:ISBN 18324:link 18277:ISBN 18251:ISBN 18216:ISBN 18193:ISBN 18157:ISSN 18130:ISBN 18094:OCLC 18084:ISBN 18036:ISSN 18020:Iraq 17984:ISSN 17940:ISSN 17914:ISBN 17884:OCLC 17874:ISBN 17837:Iraq 17812:ISBN 17792:ISBN 7162:and 6993:Isin 6982:Nuzi 6933:Emar 6716:Ebla 6643:Susa 6562:Elam 6486:and 6381:and 6343:and 6228:Susa 6143:Alla 6099:and 6014:it. 5917:Elam 5829:and 5823:Anzû 5759:and 5473:Anzû 5394:and 5392:beer 5376:tuku 5365:Uttu 5304:Uraš 5285:Uraš 5266:Tutu 5249:Nabu 5063:and 5036:and 4958:Umma 4709:Ekur 4605:Uruk 4539:Uruk 4475:Ur, 4388:Uttu 4130:and 3978:Elam 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