Lincoln Motor Company

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sharing much of its body with the 1980 Lincoln Continental. Alongside the traditional two-door coupe (sharing its 114-inch wheelbase used by Ford and Mercury), a four-door sedan joined the Mark series for the first time since the 1958–1960 Mark III–V models (using the 117-inch wheelbase of Lincoln). While sharing much of its body with the all-new Continental/Town Car, many design elements of the successful Mark V made their return, including hidden headlamps, opera windows, and (non-functional) fender louvers; vertical taillamps were joined by a distinct spare-tire decklid. Coinciding with its smaller footprint, the Mark VI saw the standardization of fuel-injected V8 engines (a first for the American auto industry) and the first overdrive 4-speed automatic transmission; along with computer control for the engine itself, the instrument panel replaced analog instruments with digital displays (introducing a trip computer).

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engineering of luxury cars had begun to change among its competitors; to increase design commonality (and lower production costs), Cadillac and Imperial shifted away from brand-specific platforms (with the latter adapting to shared bodyshells with Chrysler). For the redesign of the Lincoln model line, the Continental grew in size. While sharing no visible body panels, Lincoln adapted the chassis of the Ford LTD/Mercury Marquis (shifting to body-on-frame construction for the first time since 1957). In another effort to maintain design consistency, the 1970 Continental was produced through 1979 with only gradual updates. Along with the mandated addition of 5-mph bumpers, in 1975, the roofline was redesigned (to visually differentiate the Continental from the Mercury Marquis).

1040: 2975: 3193: 3087: 1220: 2856: 690: 1208: 1355: 2483: 1319: 1343: 1184: 1288: 1503: 1590:" which was used into the 1990s. Two (somewhat-contradictory) sequels to the first "Valet" ad aired in 1987 (one featuring a similar situation to the first ad involving white GM cars; the other involved the valet having a flashback to the events of the first commercial, only for the valet to be informed that one of the men involved had bought himself a Lincoln; his wife then commented that "He finally listened!") These series of commercials, however, were unable to turn around declining Town Car sales in the long-term. It was only after an all-new redesigned Town Car was introduced in 1989 for the 1990 model year that its sales at least temporarily rebounded. 992: 842: 1491: 1232: 1947: 1740: 1728: 2372: 1959: 1082:

luxury car. Offered as a two-door hardtop coupe, the Mark II broke from a number of American styling precedents of the time. While fitted with whitewall tires, the exterior was fitted with minimal chrome trim on the body sides; tailfins were left off of the body completely. In place of the bumper-mounted spare tire of the original Lincoln Continental, the trunk lid of the Mark II showcased the design element, with a large imitation spare tire bulge (which fit over the actual spare tire inside the trunk). The Mark II was largely hand-built, with extensive quality testing done on each engine and transmission before leaving the factory.

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While slightly shorter than the MKS, the Continental is the longest-wheelbase Lincoln since the Town Car. The revived model line introduced a new design language for Lincoln; shifting away from the split-wing grille, the Continental introduced a recessed rectangular grille. The revived Continental marked the debut of the Lincoln "Black Label" program for all Lincoln vehicles. As a flagship trim line, Black Label vehicles feature specially coordinated exterior and interior design themes (similar to the Designer Editions of the Mark series), along with highly personalized customer service.

666: 1673: 1649: 1935: 1923: 678: 827: 1052: 1016: 511: 2360: 1479: 1467: 5082: 2324: 2336: 654: 1975: 1873: 1752: 884: 2348: 551: 2152: 858: 2384: 2610: 2435: 1849: 1885: 1661: 1613: 1331: 1861: 899: 1912:). Placing further emphasis on handling, the Mark VIII retained rear-wheel drive and adopted four-wheel independent suspension (with the Mark VIII and Thunderbird/Cougar as the only American-produced four-seat cars of the time with both chassis features). The body was streamlined further to modernize its exterior (relegating the spare-tire decklid to vestigial status). In massive contrast to its 1970s predecessors, the Mark VIII was given a cockpit-style interior, with all controls oriented towards the driver. 1697:

Car (in various forms, throughout its entire production) and by the 1982 Lincoln Continental (for that year only). Slotted below the Signature Series, all four Designer Series options returned (for Mark VI coupes). For 1982, the series underwent a revision, moving the Cartier and Givenchy Editions (to the Town Car and Continental, respectively); the Pucci Edition became offered only as a sedan. The Bill Blass Edition was offered through all four years of production (and returned for the successor Mark VII).

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production vehicle). To accommodate the increased weight of the taller roofline, armor plating, and bulletproof glass (though its true curb weight remains classified), Ford fitted the vehicle with the 7.5L (460 cubic-inch) V8 and E4OD 4-speed heavy-duty transmission from its 350-series full-size truck/van line. Currently, this remains the final Lincoln-brand vehicle used as a Presidential State Car; from 1993 onward, the Secret Service has selected Cadillac-brand vehicles for its motorcade cars.

2447: 2085:, the design of the Mark LT was partially derived from the poor reception of the Lincoln Blackwood. While still fitted with Lincoln Navigator bodywork and interior trim, the Mark LT was fitted with a standard pickup bed; the all-wheel drive was available as an option. Following lower-than-expected sales, the Mark LT was withdrawn from the United States in 2008; in Mexico (where the Mark LT was the highest-selling vehicle of the brand) Lincoln continued sales of the Mark LT through 2014. 9334: 1028: 2471: 1637: 1122: 539: 2261:. The first Lincoln hybrid vehicle, the MKZ Hybrid was the first Lincoln equipped with a four-cylinder engine. Following the discontinuation of the Town Car sedan, Lincoln continued the use of the Town Car nameplate, adding it to limousine and livery variants of the Lincoln MKT. Along with chassis modifications for heavy-duty use, the MKT Town Car features modified rear seating, with the third-row seat removed to create additional luggage space and second-row seat legroom. 911: 1281:. While sharing many styling elements from Lincoln, the Continental Mark III debuted many elements of its own, including hidden headlights and a redesigned trunk lid with a simulated spare-tire indentation (the actual spare tire laid flat in the front part of the trunk). It mixed European and American luxury features with the most prominent being an upright chrome grille inspired by a Rolls-Royce design and had a centrally-mounted Cartier electric clock on the dashboard. 3032: 9274: 7533: 5601: 1177:

better compete with the Cadillac Coupe de Ville and the Imperial Crown/LeBaron Coupe, Lincoln added a two-door hardtop to the Continental model line. After the 1967 model year, Lincoln ended production of the Continental 4-door convertible. At 5,712 pounds, the 1967 Lincoln Continental Convertible is the heaviest non-limousine car ever produced by Ford Motor Company; as of 2023, it is the final factory-produced four-door convertible sold in North America.

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Grand Monarch Ghia, the Lincoln Versailles was given a Continental-style "radiator" grille, quad rectangular headlights (the first Lincoln since 1969 with exposed headlights), and a Continental Mark-style trunk lid with simulated spare tire bulge. However, the Versailles introduced two features to American-market cars: halogen headlights and clearcoat paint. The Versailles was later criticized for being one of the worst examples of badge engineering.

9284: 2062:, the Blackwood was fitted with the front bodywork of the Lincoln Navigator and a model-specific pickup bed (with imitation wood exterior trim). In line with its name, all examples were painted black. The Lincoln Blackwood met with poor reception, due to its limited cargo capability (its pickup bed was effectively a carpeted trunk) and lack of four-wheel drive, leading Lincoln to discontinue the model after a single year of production. 1551:). While the Town Car retained its traditional layout and large size, fuel prices dropped to a contemporary new low at the time, and operating efficiency became less of a concern to buyers than a decade prior. At the same time, Ford was also benefitting from rival GM having downsized most of their top-trim cars into largely-identical front-wheel-drive models. To capitalize on this, Lincoln introduced a series of advertisements from 2273:, the MKZ adapted a distinct exterior from its Fusion counterparts (nearly unchanged from a Lincoln concept car released in 2012). The MKS and MKT underwent exterior and interior revisions, adopting the "bow-wing" grille design of the MKZ. Also during this time, Lincoln introduced new trim level nomenclatures Premiere, Select, and Reserve on the MKZ. The use of these trim names would eventually be expanded to other Lincoln models. 2188: 642: 6876: 1916:

VIII was withdrawn (outliving the Thunderbird and Cougar by a year). As of current production, the Lincoln Mark VIII remains the final generation of the Lincoln Mark series. In various forms, elements of the Mark VIII design were adopted by other Lincolns (the 1995 Lincoln Continental, the 1995 Lincoln Town Car interior, and the 1998 Town Car exterior) and other Ford Motor Company products (the Ford Windstar minivan interior).

796:, non-Continental Lincolns were identified by their body style. Using slightly updated exteriors from 1942, the 1946 Lincolns continued the use of the Zephyr chassis. 1948 marked the final year of the Zephyr chassis (dating to 1936) and (as of 2023) the use of a V12 engine in an American mass-produced automobile. After 5,322 were produced (as both a Lincoln-Zephyr and Lincoln), Lincoln ended production of the Continental. 5230: 43: 2314:

rear-hinged door configuration (after a 40-year absence). Cabot Coach Builders of Massachusetts provided stretch as well as rear door and interior conversion. A total of 80 units were made for 2019, but a 2020 version of the Continental Coach Door Edition was also available. The Coach Door variant is otherwise similar to the Continental's Black Label trim level with a twin-turbocharged 3.0 L V6 with four-wheel drive.

1574:, then working at the Lincoln-Mercury division, backed them up. The ads debuted, and proved to be a not only a major success for Lincoln (dealers reported not being able to keep cars in stock enough to meet demand), but a major embarrassment for General Motors, whose Cadillac dealers began to complain of lost sales thanks to the ads. The problem was further aggravated by an embarrassing incident in 1986 at Detroit's 2291:/Ford Escape) becoming the first Lincoln produced solely with four-cylinder engines. The Lincoln Navigator underwent an extensive revision, largely to preview buyers of its 2018 redesign. Along with extensive exterior and interior updates, the Navigator adopted the 3.5 L twin-turbocharged V6 of the Ford F-150 as its standard engine, becoming the first version of the Navigator offered without a V8 engine. 7543: 9322: 2125:. Built on a Volvo-derived chassis, the MKS was the first full-size Lincoln with front-wheel drive (or optional all-wheel drive); shared with the Ford Taurus SHO, a 3.5L twin-turbocharged V6 was an option. Derived from the 2007 MKR concept, the MKS marked the production debut of the "split-wing" grille, a design element similar to the 1930s Lincoln Zephyr. A year later, the division introduced the 1779:

improvements. Shedding its sharp-edged exterior lines to allow for a far sleeker exterior, the Town Car adopted many rounded styling elements from the Mark VII; traditional elements also returned, including a formal rear roofline, radiator-style grille, chrome trim, and C-pillar quarter windows. Delayed until the 1991 model year, the Lincoln Town Car marked the debut of the 210 hp 4.6 L

1426:. While sharing a common roofline with the Thunderbird, from the window line down, the Mark IV had distinct exterior sheet metal, with the return of a radiator-style grille, hidden headlights, and a redesigned spare-tire trunk lid. To distinguish itself from the Lincoln Continental, the Continental Mark IV featured full-height rear-wheel openings, precluding the use of fender skirts. 777:(reduced to 8-passenger sedans and limousines), and Packard. To further secure the future for Lincoln, on April 30, 1940, Ford Motor Company reorganized Lincoln Motor Company as the Lincoln Division of Ford Motor Company. While previously operating as an autonomous entity, as a division, Lincoln structurally became similar to its major competitor Cadillac (within General Motors). 1456:, a substantial exterior and interior revision of the Mark IV. At over 19 feet long, Mark V is one of the largest "coupes" ever sold in North America. In what would become a design theme for Lincoln into the 1990s, the Mark V used sharp-edged exterior styling with a center radiator grille. Following their 1976 success, the Mark IV adopted the Designer Editions option packages. 3024:, SS-100-X was dismantled and remanufactured at a cost of over $ 500,000. The open-car configuration was replaced by a fixed roof and the vehicle received armor plating and bulletproof glass. In what remains a tradition among U.S. presidential state cars, SS-100-X was painted black. Retired from front-line service in 1967, the vehicle remained in occasional use through 1977. 2106:. Alongside the Lincoln Town Car, the Lincoln Navigator was not included with the MK rebranding; for 2007, it was redesigned alongside the Ford Expedition, marking the debut of the extended-length Navigator L. For the last time, a Designer Series Lincoln was produced, as Lincoln discontinued the trim on the Town Car after 2007. Produced only as a concept car, the 2007 2074:, the Aviator adopted many styling elements from the Navigator, with a nearly identical interior design. While priced higher than its Mercury Mountaineer counterpart to avoid model overlap, the Aviator struggled to sell, as it competed closely against the Navigator sold in the same showroom. After 52 years of production, the Continental was discontinued for 2003. 1169:

adopted a smaller exterior footprint, shedding 15 inches in length and 8 inches of wheelbase. In an effort to streamline production, only four-door body styles were produced, with the Continental becoming the sole mass-produced four-door convertible sold in North America; to maximize rear-seat egress, Lincoln returned to the use of rear

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of hardtop body styles), the 1973 fuel crisis would play a significant role in the engineering of American automobiles, forcing Lincoln to develop a compact-size sedan and redesign smaller full-size sedans for the 1980s. As Chrysler withdrew its Imperial brand after 1975, Cadillac became the sole domestic competitor of Lincoln.

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or "No, it's an Oldsmobile" in reference to the Lincoln commercials, and even shouted out brands that had not been mentioned in the ad (Pontiac and Chevrolet), leading to the gather crowd laughing and jeering as more and more identical GM cars were retrieved. This proved to be the final straw for GM, whose chief executive

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and serviced through the Lincoln-Mercury dealer network, Mark series vehicles did not carry Lincoln badging (with the exception of the four-point star badge, itself inherited from the Continental Mark II), with Ford officially using Continental as the brand name (later used for 1981–1985 Mark-series VINs).

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The first Lincoln since the 1950 Cosmopolitans that is not a Continental, the 1989 Lincoln Town Car is again a fully-armored stretch limousine. Replacing a 1983 Cadillac, the Town Car again adopted a tall roofline to allow for external visibility of the President (sharing little commonality with the

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In 2007, as another part of The Way Forward, Lincoln began a rebranding of its model line. As Ford considered the Lincoln Mark series to have high nameplate recognition, Lincoln began to introduce similar "MK" branding across the model lineup. For 2007, the Lincoln Zephyr was rebranded as the Lincoln

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Serving as the flagship of the Mark VI model line, the Signature Series trim was introduced for 1980; serving as the successor to the Mark V Collector's Series, the Signature Series included nearly every feature as standard equipment. In 1981, the Signature Series trim was adopted by the Lincoln Town

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of the Ford LTD and Mercury Marquis. Coupled with a shift to a 302 cu in (4.9 L) V8, the fuel economy of the Lincoln model line rose nearly 40% in a single year. In contrast, the Lincoln Versailles was withdrawn early in the 1980 model year. As a result, by the end of 1980, Lincoln was

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While the Continental Mark III would bring Lincoln into the decade on a high note, for the American luxury car segment, the 1970s would prove tumultuous. Along with the introduction of federal safety regulations for American-market automobiles (which brought features such as 5-mph bumpers and the end

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For 1961, Lincoln consolidated its model lineup to a single model line, with the Lincoln Continental replacing the Lincoln Capri and Lincoln Premiere; as the Continental marque was withdrawn, the Mark V saw no successor. While only nominally lighter than the 1960 Lincoln, the 1961 Lincoln Continental

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In place of establishing a separate sales and service network for Continental, the Mark II was marketed through Lincoln (the Mark II used a Lincoln engine and transmission). At $ 10,000 in 1956 (equivalent to $ 112,069 in 2023), the Mark II was the most expensive car produced by an American automaker

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Upon his use of the one-off vehicle in Florida in 1939, Edsel Ford attracted a high amount of interest from potential buyers, often referring to its "European" or "Continental" exterior design. From the latter term, the one-off vehicle became known as the Lincoln Continental. For 1940 production, 404

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During the production of the Model L, Lincoln did not adopt the common American automotive industry practice of yearly model changes. While the company had made minor revisions and upgrades to the model line to the chassis and powertrain, the body was largely left alone over its 10-year production, a

2800:, but the car was rejected by NASCAR due to a lack of wind tunnel testing and not getting the serial numbers of the parts to ensure they were stock components, as well as Ford not wanting to give Lincoln, traditionally a luxury brand, a racing image; Ford ultimately replaced the Thunderbird with the 2630:

Intended as a successor of the 1956–1957 Continental Mark II personal luxury car, the Continental Mark III was the first generation of the revived Continental Mark series. Marketed as personal luxury cars, the Mark series served as the flagship of the entire Ford Motor Company range. Though marketed

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Following the positive reception to a 2015 concept car of the same name, Lincoln revived the Lincoln Continental nameplate for the 2017 model year (after a 15-year hiatus). Slotted as a replacement for the Lincoln MKS, the Continental was adapted from a version of the Ford Taurus designed for China.

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The integration of Lincoln into PAG would lead to several product changes within the division. Following the 2000 debut of the LS sports sedan, the Lincoln Continental was withdrawn in 2002. To avoid the model overlap that plagued the division two decades before, Lincoln chose to focus production on

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during a gala fundraising event attended by auto industry executives; after a sudden rainstorm moved in, cars belonging to the executives were driven by students (acting as impromptu valets) who called out the make of the car. One was a Cadillac, and people quickly began to shout "No, it's a Buick!"

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With a smaller design and engineering budget than General Motors, Lincoln stylists were unable to give the Versailles a different body design compared to the Cadillac Seville which received a unique body design on an improved Chevrolet Nova platform. Adopting many features from the 1975–1976 Mercury

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In contrast to the 1961/1965 SS-100-X, the 1969 Lincoln Continental commissioned for the Nixon administration was developed originally as a closed car (it has a roofline closer in height to the standard Lincoln Continental). Sharing many of the security features of its predecessor, the 1969 vehicle

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Since 1958, Lincoln has used a framed four-pointed star as its brand logo. Introduced on the Continental Mark II in 1956, the four-point star has undergone various modifications in appearance, but has remained nearly unchanged since 1980. Since 2018, an illuminated version of the front grille badge

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For the Lincoln division, the beginning of the 2010s introduced a number of structural changes. While Lincoln and Mercury were spared by The Way Forward, in 2010, Ford announced the closure of Mercury at the end of the year, with the final Mercury vehicle produced on January 4, 2011. After 30 years

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restructuring plan in an effort to return to profitability. Among the seven vehicle assembly facilities slated for closure, Wixom Assembly (home to all Lincoln assembly since 1957, with the exception of the Versailles, Navigator, Blackwood, and Mark LT) was placed third, with an announced June 2007

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Alongside a standard trim, the LSC (Luxury Sports Coupe) made its return as the flagship Mark VIII model; Designer Editions were discontinued. Though positively received by both critics and buyers, sales of mid-size luxury coupes were on decline during the 1990s. After the 1998 model year, the Mark

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In contrast to its 1979 Mark V predecessor of five years before, the 1984 Mark VII had shed 27 inches of length and over 1,200 pounds of curb weight. Alongside the base model (dropped after 1987), the Mark VII was marketed in the luxury-oriented Bill Blass Edition (a Gianni Versace edition was also

1449:). Each carried the designer's signature on the opera windows and was fitted with a 22-karat (92%) gold-plated plaque on the instrument panel which could be engraved with the original owner's name. The concept was successful and would continue on other Lincolns until the end of the 2003 model year. 1160:

From 1958 until 1960, Lincoln would lose over $ 60 million ($ 617,952,756 in 2023 dollars ). Following the recession economy of the late 1950s (a factor that would play into the demise of Edsel), Ford Motor Company was forced to recoup the development costs of a vehicle platform that Lincoln shared

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Sharing no common bodywork with the Expedition forward of the windshield, the Navigator shared several design elements from the 1998 Town Car, including its use of body-color bumpers, chrome license-plate surround (the only chrome on the rear liftgate), and conservative use of chrome (primarily on

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To meet federal requirements, Lincoln marked the debut of several safety features within Ford Motor Company and within the American luxury segment. Following the 1989 debut of dual airbags in the Lincoln Continental (1990 in the Town Car), antilock brakes (ABS) made their return on the Continental

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The 1970s saw the introduction of several naming traditions within Lincoln. For 1970, the Town Car nameplate was revived on a permanent basis as a submodel of the Lincoln Continental. Following the use of a Cartier-brand clock on the Continental Mark III, in 1976, the Continental Mark IV began the

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was released as a 1969 model. While not officially a Lincoln, the Continental Mark III was marketed and serviced through the Lincoln-Mercury dealer network. Over a number of various names considered for the vehicle, Continental Mark III was chosen, as Henry Ford II felt the Continental Mark II did

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On July 18, 1956, the Continental Division was integrated into Lincoln which continued to manage the Continental brand as a separate marque. During the 1957 model year, the Mark II was withdrawn, largely as a consequence of its hand-built construction; each unit was sold at a loss of over $ 1,000.

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For 2020, the Lincoln model line underwent further expansion, with the return of the Aviator mid-size SUV (again a counterpart of the Ford Explorer); the revived Aviator offers the first hybrid-electric system in a Lincoln SUV. The long-wheelbase coach-door Continental is now offered as a regular

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As the division entered the 21st century, Lincoln began a period of major transition. In addition to ending production of the long-running Mark series, the Lincoln Navigator SUV had entered production, nearly unchallenged by European and Japanese manufacturers. As buyers of mid-size coupes in the

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As part of the change, several changes were made to the Lincoln model line. Following the positive feedback of the 1939 Lincoln Continental one-off convertible built for Edsel Ford, the Lincoln Continental was introduced as a Lincoln-Zephyr production model for 1940. For 1941, Lincoln revised its

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The current product range of Lincoln consists of luxury crossovers and sport-utility vehicles. Throughout its entire prior existence Lincoln also produced luxury car-based vehicles for limousine and livery use; several examples have served as official state limousines for Presidents of the United

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In 1927, Lincoln adopted a greyhound as a hood ornament, used into the 1930s. As a replacement for the greyhound, Lincoln adopted a knight's helmet hood ornament, used before World War II. On the front fascia, Lincoln adopted a coat of arms with a red cross. Following the war, Lincolns adopted a

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To commemorate the 80th anniversary of the Continental nameplate, Lincoln unveiled the 80th Anniversary Coach Door Edition. The wheelbase featured a 6-inch stretch to provide more rear passenger room along with longer roof, rear doors, and rear windows. The variant also marked the revival of the

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To reflect the end of the Lincoln-Mercury division pairing (from 1945 to 2010), in December 2012, the formal name of Lincoln was changed to The Lincoln Motor Company (its name prior to 1940). To help differentiate Lincoln vehicles from Ford counterparts, Ford established separate design, product

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The Lincoln model line underwent a significant transition for the 1998 model year. Alongside a mid-cycle revision of the Continental, the Town Car underwent a complete redesign of its body. The tallest Lincoln sedan in 40 years, the 1998 Town Car adopted the rounded exterior of the Mark VIII and

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Alongside the 1968 Lincoln Continental, the Continental Mark III marked the debut of the 460 cu in (7.5 L) Ford 385-series V8 rated at 365 hp (272 kW; 370 PS) and 500 lb⋅ft (678 N⋅m) torque and also became the first Ford vehicle to be fitted with anti-lock

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In another requirement to ensure its survival, the model cycle of Lincoln was extended from three years to nine years. While largely dispensing with major yearly model changes, the decision established design consistency and shifting resources towards quality control. For the 1966 model year, to

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For the 1956 model year, Ford Motor Company created the Continental Division, slotted above Lincoln as the flagship marque of Ford Motor Company. At its launch, Continental introduced the Continental Mark II as its model line, intended as a successor to the 1940–1948 Lincoln Continental personal

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During 1956, Lincoln-Mercury was reorganized slightly, following the creation of the free-standing Edsel and Continental divisions, Lincoln-Mercury was changed to Mercury-Edsel-Lincoln (MEL), with Edsel slotted alongside/below Mercury and Continental above Lincoln, as the flagship of all of Ford

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For 2018, after an eleven-year production run of its predecessor, Lincoln released the fourth generation of the Navigator. Integrating the recessed rectangular grille of the Continental into its exterior, the Navigator is distinguished from the Ford Expedition largely from its taillamps and its

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replaced the Mark V after only three years of production. Originally slated to downsize the Mark series into the mid-size segment (adopting the chassis of the Ford Thunderbird), Ford instead chose an intermediate step for the Mark VI, adopting the full-size Panther platform, with the model line

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For 1959, Continental developed Town Car and Limousine variants of the standard four-door sedan. In place of extending the wheelbase, the reverse-slant roofline was replaced by a formal notchback configuration, allowing the rear seat to be moved rearward several inches. Among the rarest Lincoln

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As Lincoln entered the 1950s, Ford Motor Company sought to increase the differentiation between the Mercury and Lincoln model lines. For 1952, to add interest to the brand, Lincoln returned to model names for the first time since 1942, with the Lincoln Cosmopolitan becoming the standard Lincoln

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Following the Great Depression, a number of American luxury car manufacturers were either forced into closure or reorganization; by 1940, alongside Lincoln, the American luxury-car segment largely consisted of Cadillac (who ended production of the LaSalle and V16 in 1940), the Chrysler Imperial

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Under the influence of Edsel Ford, Lincoln Motor Company was purchased by Henry Ford for $ 8 million ($ 145,622,266 in 2023 dollars) on February 4, 1922. While Lincoln was valued at $ 16 million, a $ 5 million bid by Ford was the sole bid received for the company (forced to be increased by the

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In 2014, Ford Motor Company brought Lincoln to the Chinese market, introducing the brand with the mid-size MKZ sedan and MKC small SUV. By the end of 2016, Lincoln intended to establish a network of 60 dealerships in 50 cities, selling the MKZ, Continental, MKC, MKX, and Navigator. 2016 sales

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mid-size sedan. In an effort to distinguish itself from its Ford and Mercury counterparts, the Lincoln Zephyr adapted styling elements from Lincoln vehicles of the past, including a wide rectangular grille (the 1960s and 1970s Continentals), wraparound headlamps (late 1960s Continentals), and

1598:. The 3.8 L V6 engine also marked the first time that a Lincoln did not even offer an 8-cylinder engine. The new Continental was positioned against domestic rivals as well as marketed against European and Japanese-produced luxury sedans. Following the debut of a driver-side airbag in the 788:

After the entry of the United States into World War II, as with all U.S. auto manufacturers, Lincoln ended automobile production as Ford Motor Company concentrated on wartime manufacturing. Following the conclusion of the war in 1945, the structure of Lincoln within Ford changed again, as the

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began to take a senior role in the management of Lincoln, multiple changes were made to both the Model L and its production. The Lincoln factory was redesigned and expanded (to nearly 1,000,000 square feet), with the components of the engine upgraded for increased reliability and performance.

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Along with serving as a flagship model line, the Mark series offered Designer Edition option packages for the 1976 Mark IV. In 1982, Lincoln introduced its first Designer Edition vehicle, offering a Cartier Edition Town Car, offering the option through 2003. The feature of design-coordinated

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replaced the Mark VI, sharing its chassis with the Ford Thunderbird, Mercury Cougar and Lincoln Continental. In an extensive shift away from its Malaise-era predecessors, the Mark VII placed a far greater emphasis on handling and performance capability (though not to the extent of a European

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As Lincoln entered the 21st century, the brand underwent a major transition within the structure of Ford Motor Company. As Ford expanded its global automotive holdings during the 1980s and 1990s, it acquired Jaguar, Aston Martin, Land Rover, and Volvo Cars. To collectively manage its global

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During 2006, The Way Forward restructuring plan (see below) began to take effect on Ford Motor Company, with the Lincoln LS ending production. To replace the LS, Lincoln introduced the Lincoln Zephyr for 2006. In what would be the smallest Lincoln sedan ever, the Zephyr was derived from the

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For the 1970 model year, Lincoln made good on its 1958 plan to commit to a nine-year design cycle, giving the Continental its first complete redesign for the first time since 1961. During the 1960s, while sales of the Continental had remained relatively steady throughout its production, the

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2003 marked a period of transition for the Lincoln model line, as both the Town Car and LS underwent mid-cycle updates (with the Town Car receiving a full chassis redesign), with Lincoln introducing the second generation of the Navigator. To complement the Navigator, Lincoln introduced the

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Lincoln Motor Company had struggled with the transition from military to automobile production, with some customers having to wait nearly a year for their vehicles to be completed from the time of purchase. By 1922, the company was on the verge of bankruptcy and was placed in receivership.

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For 1990, the Town Car underwent a full redesign (after following the traditional nine-year Lincoln model cycle). As the model line represented over half of all Lincoln sales, a redesign of the Town Car proved risky, but was also mandated by passive-restraint requirements and fuel-economy

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In its 1961 configuration, the limousine was designed as an open car with a series of interchangeable tops, including a stainless-steel Targa top above the driver's compartment and either a black formal-profile roof or a series of Plexiglass rear top sections (similar to its "Bubble Top"

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imported from the United States. The Town Car CKD kits received an exterior restyling, fitted with different front fenders, headlamps and taillamps, and a new grille. Along with a standard-wheelbase sedan, three lengths of limousines were produced, along with the Hongqi CA7400 prototype.

581:. Lincoln found that customer interest was accommodated by the purchase of multiple Lincolns (or other luxury vehicles) in different body styles; as many Lincolns were custom-bodied from the factory or coachbuilt, yearly styling changes would not properly accommodate its customer base. 1133:(prior to the latter's demise), Lincoln and Continental adopted a common body structure, shifting to unibody construction. With a 131-inch wheelbase, the new platform would be among the largest vehicles ever built by Ford Motor Company; they are the longest Lincolns ever built without 2253:

of production as a distinct model line (and 41 years as a Lincoln nameplate), the Lincoln Town Car ended its production run in 2011, coinciding with the closure of the St. Thomas Assembly in Ontario. In contrast to the V8-engined Lincoln Town Car, for 2011, Lincoln introduced the

2047:. Though the two vehicles shared a common chassis and related powertrain, no body panels were common between the two vehicles. The shortest Lincoln ever produced at the time, the LS was developed to compete with European and Japanese-produced counterparts, in line with the 1529:

As a high point, after a ten-year model cycle, the Lincoln Continental underwent a complete redesign (downsizing for the first time), becoming the lightest Lincoln since World War II. Again sharing chassis underpinnings with Mercury and Ford, the Continental used the

3175:

Again fitted with full body armor and bulletproof glass, the vehicle was again fitted with a roof opening allowing the President to stand through; this would be the final Presidential limousine so fitted. Played a role in protecting Presidents Ford and Reagan during

3079:) were placed into service alongside a 1968 Lincoln Continental Executive Limousine, alongside SS-100-X. The latter was used primarily at his Texas home. Though upgraded with upgraded communications equipment, the vehicles did not include upgraded security features. 2228:

luxury-vehicle holdings, in 1999, Ford organized Premier Automotive Group (PAG). The same year, the management of Lincoln-Mercury was shifted to the American headquarters of PAG, largely in an effort to engineer and market more competitive vehicles for the brand.

2498:

The home market of the Lincoln Motor Company brand is the United States, Canada, and Mexico. Around the world, Ford Motor Company has used Lincoln in various markets as a flagship brand while using the Ford brand across its entire product line for other regions.

1277:

brakes. As standard equipment, the Mark III was fitted with power door locks, power seats, and power windows. To control development and production costs, the Mark III was offered only as a two-door hardtop derived from the chassis underpinnings of the four-door

2596:

Lincoln achieved its two best U.S. sales years to date in 1989 (200,315) and 1990 (231,660). This followed the redesign of the Continental for 1988 and the Town Car for 1990. In 2023, Lincoln sold 81,444 vehicles, with about half of those sales coming from the

2554:

increased 180% over the previous year, with Lincoln planning to produce vehicles in China by 2019. To attract Chinese consumers, Lincoln introduced "The Lincoln Way", a car purchase and ownership model which provides highly personalized services to customers.

2299:

blacked-out roof pillars (sharing the "floating roof" design of the Ford Flex and Ford Explorer). At a base price of $ 95,000, the Lincoln Navigator L Black Label is the most expensive vehicle ever sold by the Ford Motor Company (with the exception of the

431:, the purchase of Lincoln held a degree of personal value, as the owners of Lincoln developed an automobile company from one that Henry Ford had been forced from. In 1902, a group of investors (led by Leland) forced Henry Ford from his second company, the 2010:, the truck-based design of Navigator allowed increased cargo and towing capability over its competitors (rated at 8,500 pounds for 1999). The Navigator also offered standard third-row seating for up to 8 passengers (offered only on the Land Cruiser/LX). 1101:

For 1958, as part of a mandated $ 4000 reduction in price ($ 42,242 in 2023 dollars ), Continental adopted the body of Lincoln, expanding into multiple body styles for the Mark III (the nomenclature indicating the transition). Adding a feature of the

1546:

Initially planned for withdrawal in the mid-1980s until the stabilization of fuel prices mitigated fuel-economy concerns, the Lincoln Town Car progressed through the decade largely unchanged (as Ford was pouring resources into the development of the

2634:

For 1986, the Continental Mark VII was renamed the Lincoln Mark VII in an effort to end nomenclature and advertising confusion over the model line. The successor 1993–1998 Mark VIII would use the Lincoln brand name throughout its entire production.

458:. Following its organization in 1908, General Motors began a rapid expansion of its automotive brands; by 1920, GM would outnumber Ford five to one. The purchase of Lincoln created a stand-alone luxury vehicle brand for Ford as Cadillac did for GM. 607:

For 1932, Lincoln introduced its first "multi-cylinder" engine, introducing a V12 engine for the Model K. The next year, the V8 was retired, making Lincoln the first manufacturer in the world to produce vehicles exclusively with V12 engines.

491:

By 1930, Lincoln had succeeded in only a decade in what its chief competitors had taken 30 years to accomplish. Serving as a direct competitor to Cadillac, the Model L had become equal to vehicles from established American brands including

1806:

chassis. Styled closer to the Mark VIII, the Continental dropped its V6 in favor of a 4.6L V8 engine from the Mark VIII (tuned for front-wheel drive) to better compete with Japanese and European luxury sedans (in terms of power output).

469:

At its introduction, the Lincoln Model L gained a reputation for conservative (to the point of outdated) design. As a response, Edsel Ford introduced the Model L for 1923 in a custom-bodied form directly from Lincoln; in line with a

968:

The Lincoln Motor Company Plant, built in Detroit, Michigan, by Henry Leland in 1917, was closed after 1952; subsequent Lincolns were produced alongside Mercury Montereys and Mercury Montclairs. For the 1957 model year, Ford opened

724:

construction; while designed with a prow-style front-fascia, the model line was sleeker than the Chrysler Airflow. In contrast to its competitors, the Lincoln-Zephyr was powered by a V12 engine (a design separate from the Model K).

3557:

1917 August: After departing a management position at the Cadillac Division of General Motors, Henry Leland and his son Wilfred Leland form the Lincoln Motor Company, which produces aircraft engines to fill World War I government

3337:

2017:

In an extended debut model year, the Navigator became the second-most popular Lincoln vehicle behind the Town Car, selling 71,000 examples. In response, General Motors launched its own luxury-brand full-size SUVs, deriving the

1459:

While introduced following the beginning of downsizing among American vehicles, the Continental Mark V would go on to become the most successful of all the Mark series vehicles, with over 228,000 sold across three model years.

1717:

sold from 1984 through 1985) and the higher-performance Mark VII LSC (Luxury Sports Coupe). Coinciding with its mechanical commonality to the 1982–1987 Lincoln Continental, the Mark VII was offered solely as a two-door coupe.

402:

On January 26, 1920, Lincoln Motor Company was reorganized as an automobile manufacturer, retooling its Detroit factory to produce automobiles. On September 16, 1920, Lincoln Motor Company produced its first automobile, the

1720:

For 1986, the Mark VII adopted the Lincoln brand name to end Continental branding confusion. The last generation of the Mark series sold with a Designer Series option, the Mark VII was produced through the 1992 model year.

815:

entirely, with a straight fender line (and low hood line) from headlamp to taillamp. In a carryover from Zephyr-based Lincolns, the 1949 Lincolns retained rear-hinged passenger doors. As a flagship model of Lincoln, the

2232:

the Lincoln Town Car, one of the highest-profit vehicles of Ford Motor Company. During 2002, as part of a change of management, Lincoln-Mercury was removed from PAG and relocated to Ford Motor Company headquarters.

611:

For 1935, Lincoln was positioned upward in price. While limiting sales, the move increased profitability per vehicle; at over $ 4,000 for a factory body ($ 88,893 in 2023 dollars ), the Model K competed against the

1567:(Ninety-Eights), leading to mass confusion; the owner of a Lincoln then appeared with the line "The Lincoln Town Car, please." and drove off as everyone else present continued to squabble over the identical cars. 1106:, Continental adopted a retractable rear window across every body style (including convertibles) with a reverse-slant rear roofline. For 1959, the Mark III was renamed the Mark IV, becoming the Mark V for 1960. 341:

In 2017, Lincoln sold 188,383 vehicles globally. Outside of North America, Lincoln vehicles are officially sold in the Middle East (except Iran and Syria), China (except Hong Kong and Macau), and South Korea.

1259:

During the 1960s, Ford sought to develop a new flagship vehicle as a successor to the Continental Mark II. While the Lincoln Continental served as a close competitor to the Cadillac de Ville series and the

383:

in Detroit. Lincoln Motor Company acted as the final assembly point for the engines, with the company securing parts from other manufacturers; cylinders were produced by Ford, with other parts sourced from

370:

Leland named Lincoln Motor Company after Abraham Lincoln, stating that Lincoln was the first President for whom he ever voted (1864). The company was financed by securing a $ 10 million contract to produce

1593:

For 1988, the Lincoln Continental underwent a second redesign. Splitting from the Mark VII, the Continental became the first front-wheel drive Lincoln and was based on an extended-wheelbase version of the

2268:

As part of the 2012 rebranding, for 2013, the Lincoln model line underwent several design revisions, headed by the release of the second-generation MKZ. Retaining commonality with the second-generation

742:

In the late 1930s, Edsel Ford began to consider American cars too boxy. In late 1938, to develop a European-style ("Continental") car for his next Florida vacation, he commissioned Ford Chief Stylist

2416:, remaining a counterpart of the Ford Escape/Kuga. Also in 2020, Lincoln announced that it was ending production of the Continental and MKZ sedans by end of the year due to the popularity of SUVs. 2779:

Like all American brands of the 1950s, Lincoln participated in NASCAR's Grand National Stock Car series, winning the first race in that series. Lincolns were campaigned in NASCAR through 1953.

1606:. Average annual sales for the new Continental were more than double that of the previous generation model and helped the Lincoln brand to achieve record total sales in 1989 and again in 1990. 1165:

considering the reduction of Ford to its namesake brand. As a condition of allowing Lincoln to continue production, McNamara required the Lincoln model line to undergo a reduction in size.

785:

variant of the Lincoln Zephyr was developed. Following the development of proper tooling, the Lincoln Continental began production on the assembly line, replacing hand-built construction.

2820:, from Franklin D. Roosevelt to George H. W. Bush. Along with producing the first purpose-built presidential limousine, Lincoln produced the first armored vehicles for presidential use. 2521:

has never marketed the Lincoln brand; to market vehicles in the premium/luxury segment, variants of Australian-designed and manufactured vehicles were marketed under the Ford brand (the

8922: 2789:

In 1992, a Lincoln Mark VIII prototype was built as a land speed record car, setting the top speed record for a stock car with an engine under 5 liters at 182 mph (293 km/h).

7579: 4127: 2907: 399:

In total, Lincoln Motor Company would assemble 6,500 Liberty V12 engines by the end of World War I concluding production; by the end of the war, Lincoln would employ 6,000 workers.

2510:

In South Korea, the Lincoln product line continues to be offered. Previously excluded from the region, the Lincoln Navigator was introduced to the country for the 2022 model year.

1543:). While Lincoln would again compete against the Cadillac Seville (and to a lesser extent, Mercedes-Benz), the division completely erased any visual evidence of badge engineering. 5099: 4394: 9419: 3596: 3130: 2240:

closure. After a shortened 2006 model year, the Lincoln LS ended production. Initially slated for discontinuation after 2007, production of the Lincoln Town Car was shifted to

4938: 303:

brand; the pairing lasted through the 2010 closure of Mercury. At the end of 2012, Lincoln reverted to its original name, Lincoln Motor Company. Following the divestiture of

9384: 2244:

in Ontario, consolidated with the Ford Crown Victoria and Mercury Grand Marquis. In 2011, all three vehicles ended production, coinciding with the closure of that facility.

1129:

For the 1958 model year, the Mercury-Edsel-Lincoln (M-E-L) division adapted new bodies across its vehicle lines. In addition to Mercury sharing its bodies with the premium

481:

For 1923, Lincoln produced 7,875 cars (nearly 45% higher than in 1922). After struggling to deliver cars before 1922, Lincoln was operating at a profit by the end of 1923.

9394: 3020:

predecessor"). Extended in length 3 feet over a standard Continental, adding a middle row of jump seats, along with heavy-duty heating and air conditioning. Following the

789:

Lincoln-Mercury Division was created, pairing Mercury and Lincoln together; from 1945 to the 2010 closure of Mercury, the two divisions were paired together within Ford.

4407:

The company, introduced as The Lincoln Motor Company, unveiled its all-new MKZ midsize luxury sedan and a strategic plan to reinvent the premium automotive marketplace

689: 2265:

development, and sales teams for Lincoln. In a marketing shift, Lincoln began to target "progressive luxury customers", buyers who sought luxury without ostentation.

635:

Largely overshadowed by the Lincoln-Zephyr, the final Model K was assembled during 1939. The company has since not developed a direct successor to the Model K line.

461:

Within the first few months, relations between Ford Motor Company and Lincoln management began to break down; on June 10, 1922, the Lelands were forced to resign. As

8192: 743: 4855: 1039: 811:(from the Ford F-8 conventional truck). As with the previous Lincoln Continental, the 1949 Lincoln dispensed with running boards completely, moving on to abandon 705:

During the 1930s, Lincoln expanded to two model lines for the first time. Coinciding with the shift in market position for the Model K, Edsel Ford introduced the

3177: 1161:

with neither Ford nor Mercury (with the lone exception of the engine and transmission). By 1958, the future of Lincoln-Mercury was at risk, with Ford President

9379: 7572: 5571: 1526:; the industry also found itself competing against European and Japanese manufacturers entering segments once dominated by Ford, General Motors, and Chrysler. 1219: 2422: 2039:

luxury segments had shifted towards sports sedans, Lincoln developed an entry for the segment in the place of the Mark VIII. For 2000, Lincoln introduced the

1268:

to the personal luxury segment in 1967, a segment that Ford exited in 1957 after the withdrawal of the Continental Mark II. As a response, in April 1968, the

728:

The model line was a success in the marketplace, selling over 15,000 units in its first year, amounting to a nine-fold increase over the previous model year.

9230: 7633: 2058:, the first pickup truck produced by the brand and the second Lincoln manufactured outside of Michigan following the 1977–1980 Versailles. Derived from the 5576: 2970: 3480: 807:) marked the first use of a V8 in a Lincoln since 1932. An all-new V12 intended for Lincoln was stillborn in development, leading the division to adapt a 5637: 4797: 3978: 3687:

How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States: Addenda et Corrigenda

5581: 3192: 4500: 2051:. While the Catera was imported from Germany (as a rebadged Opel Omega), the LS was produced alongside the Town Car and Continental in Wixom Assembly. 2102:("em-kay-ex") crossover SUV introduced. Originally slated to become the second-generation Lincoln Aviator, the MKX was the Lincoln counterpart of the 9277: 7565: 1183: 977:, as a facility to specialize in Lincoln production. From 1957 until 2007, the facility produced Lincoln vehicles nearly exclusively, along with the 4673: 1433:

its own Designer Editions. Four versions were available as an option package with color, trim, and interior choices specified by fashion designers (

330:

was marketed through Lincoln, adopting the Lincoln name for 1986. The Lincoln four-point star emblem is derived from a badge introduced on the 1956

2303:

supercars). The Lincoln MKZ underwent a mid-cycle redesign, adopting the grille design and twin-turbocharged V6 engine of the Lincoln Continental.

588:. An all-new design (on a longer, lower chassis), the Model K introduced upgrades to the carburetor, brakes, and suspension. Competing against the 3086: 1207: 326:

Originally founded as a freestanding division above Lincoln, Continental was integrated within Lincoln in 1959. For 1969, the Continental-branded

9389: 9359: 5140: 4453: 3350: 2588:

Ford markets the Lincoln brand in several Middle East countries, including Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Oman, Kuwait, and Bahrain.

2580:(acquired by Ford in 1973) is marketed by Ford of Europe as a sub-brand as the highest trim of the Fiesta, Focus, Mondeo, Kuga, Edge, and S-Max. 1406:(as the Seville was based on the Chevrolet Nova). Outsold by the Seville by a significant margin, the Versailles was discontinued in early 1980. 6125: 4466:

As it attempts to revive a once-great luxury brand, Ford's is renaming its Lincoln division as the Lincoln Motor Co., the automaker said Monday.

3184:, respectively. Following the latter, the car underwent an interior and exterior refurbishment (styled with the fascias of a 1979 Continental). 1354: 9235: 3948: 1802:

Following the 1993 introduction of the Mark VIII (see below), the Continental underwent a redesign for 1995, introducing a new version of the

7518: 781:

branding; the hyphen was removed from Lincoln-Zephyr, making it a Lincoln. As a replacement for the expensive Model K, an extended-wheelbase

8968: 4082: 3639: 1342: 6726: 3276: 1818:

Bolstered by the launch of the Navigator, 1998 marked the first year Lincoln outranked Cadillac in vehicle sales (by over 4,500 vehicles).

1502: 522: 3722: 261:. Marketed among the top luxury vehicle brands in the United States, Lincoln is positioned closely against its General Motors counterpart 9374: 4478: 3571: 3532: 3312: 1787:. Built on a revision of the Panther platform, the 1990 Lincoln Town Car shared its underpinnings (but no exterior panels) with the 1992 1398:

for the 1977 model year. Thirty inches shorter and 1500 pounds lighter than a Lincoln Continental, the Versailles was based on the

1287: 6147: 4390: 3432: 1382: 841: 435:; the company was reorganized as Cadillac (deriving its name from the founder of Detroit). With the exception of the engine, the 1903 8907: 2014:

the grille, door handles, and window trim); in modified form, the grille was later used on the later Lincoln LS and Lincoln Aviator.

1672: 1366: 1318: 1231: 1109:

In 1959, the Continental marque was formally brought to an end within Lincoln; for 1960, the Mark V was brought to production as the

2482: 2395: 9399: 7842: 7588: 4577: 3181: 3062: 1946: 3707:

How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States

1958: 653: 8752: 5630: 2151: 1490: 1243: 1195: 991: 946:

transmission. For the first time since the discontinuation of the Model K, Lincolns were produced with front-hinged rear doors.

9409: 9245: 5556: 2813: 2317:

The MKT (including the MKT Town Car livery version) was discontinued in 2019, marking the final use of the Town Car nameplate.

1739: 1727: 1535:

marketing three versions of one vehicle. As a response, Lincoln split its two product lines, with the Continental becoming the

677: 4770: 1848: 1709:), introducing four-wheel disc brakes (with anti-lock capability), four-wheel air suspension, and shared its 4.9L V8 with the 423:

Following the purchase of Lincoln Motor Company by Ford Motor Company, Henry and Wilfred Leland remained at the company, with

8942: 8902: 7820: 7401: 6984: 4186: 3854: 3752: 3490: 3286: 1478: 510: 8963: 2371: 9199: 9100: 7455: 4552: 3769: 949:

For 1956, the shared Lincoln-Mercury body underwent a redesign for the final time, with Lincoln adopting elements from the

2786:

in 1984 and 1985 without success, with the best result being a ninth-place finish at the 1984 Watkins Glen Trans-Am race.

2458: 1751: 1418:

Following the success of the Continental Mark III, Ford chose to develop a successor personal luxury coupe. For 1972, the

799:

For 1949, all three Ford Motor Company divisions debuted their first postwar designs. Sharing its body structure with the

9414: 8958: 8917: 8897: 7609: 7546: 6058: 5133: 4420: 2082: 1905: 1648: 1624: 1423: 1278: 6358: 484:

In 1924, a Lincoln Model L became the first state limousine used by a U.S. President on an official basis, supplied for

8554: 7714: 6363: 6156: 5623: 3096: 3043: 2983: 2306:

For 2019, the retirement of the "MK" naming scheme was expanded, as the MKX underwent a mid-cycle update, becoming the

6427: 6368: 5511: 4881: 3140: 1872: 1602:, the 1989 Lincoln Continental became the first domestic brand sedan sold in the United States equipped with standard 1559:

which depicted a parking attendant and various well-off customers having trouble distinguishing Cadillacs from lesser

9369: 9085: 9063: 8334: 7437: 4391:"Lincoln Forges Dynamic New Path with the Introduction of 'The Lincoln Motor Company' and All-New MKZ Luxury Vehicle" 1583:

contacted then-Ford chairman Don Petersen, practically begging to have the ads taken off the air. Petersen complied.

869: 4335: 1767:

Lincoln entered the 1990s nearly matching rival Cadillac in vehicle sales, but now faced competition from newcomers

1051: 750:

the body 4 inches (102 mm), the running boards were deleted and a spare tire was mounted behind the trunk lid.

9240: 9073: 8978: 8927: 7208: 6719: 5516: 4526: 3219: 3031: 3021: 2899:

Restyled with 1942 Lincoln front fascia. First presidential limousine to travel outside the United States (1945).

2335: 2121:. Intended to be phased in as the replacement for the Lincoln Town Car, the MKS was the Lincoln counterpart of the 2059: 1991: 1934: 1922: 1904:. The first generation of the Mark series originally branded as a Lincoln, the Mark VIII remained a variant of the 1466: 3457: 3403: 1884: 1815:(see below) made its debut as the first Lincoln SUV, as the division fielded four model lines for the first time. 1660: 1095: 883: 665: 9215: 9078: 8126: 8109: 6446: 6436: 6155: 2639:

interiors and exteriors made their return in 2017 with the introduction of its flagship Black Label trim series.

1710: 1148:

V8 as standard equipment for Lincolns (which was also available in Ford Thunderbirds and some Mercury vehicles).

6593: 6556: 6451: 6441: 4056: 3250: 2383: 2043:

mid-size sports sedan; coinciding with Premier Automotive Group (see below), the LS was developed alongside the

9354: 8708: 8494: 8324: 6974: 6897: 6665: 6140: 5126: 2974: 2817: 2280:

as a brand spokesman; McConaughey has appeared in commercials for several Lincoln products in the years since.

2122: 1803: 1595: 1330: 934:

becoming the flagship model line. In a return to (small) pontoon rear fenders, Lincolns shared a body with the

898: 826: 550: 6658: 3380: 2359: 910: 19:

This article is about the Ford-owned luxury vehicle brand. For the 1908–1912 cars sold for Sears Roebuck, see

8912: 8693: 8688: 8384: 7773: 7498: 5564: 2851: 1860: 1015: 440: 7264: 7092: 6027: 4836: 2323: 1836: 1824: 1539:. After a short hiatus, for 1982, the Lincoln Continental shifted size into the mid-size segment (using the 9137: 9011: 8932: 8514: 8097: 8007: 7604: 6922: 6858: 6472: 6101: 5367: 5347: 3714: 3694: 2507:

In Japan, Lincoln was marketed alongside Ford through 2016, when Ford ended its operations in the country.

2347: 1986:

full-size SUV, its first new nameplate since the Versailles (outside of the Mark series), derived from the

1701: 1612: 1399: 1269: 538: 446:

Prior to the introduction of the Model T, Ford designed several higher-priced vehicles, including the 1904

5586: 4310: 2139: 9364: 9115: 8235: 8220: 8197: 8092: 7739: 7536: 7030: 6712: 6467: 6106: 5615: 5362: 5352: 2855: 2576:

does not market the Lincoln brand. To compete against luxury-brand automobiles, the Italian coachbuilder

1689: 1430: 1429:

For the 1976 model year, the Continental Mark IV revived the concept of designer editions established by

1419: 857: 380: 27: 5996: 2133:. Sharing its chassis with the MKS, the MKT was sized between the MKX and standard-wheelbase Navigator. 747: 9300: 8319: 8304: 8187: 7468: 7344: 7072: 6380: 6111: 5357: 4449: 3173:

Constructed by Ford Motor Company, the 1972 Continental is the longest-serving Presidential State Car.

2434: 1453: 436: 6375: 4647: 3358: 1027: 1003: 9424: 9225: 8519: 8314: 8274: 7953: 7887: 7729: 7020: 6133: 5650: 5604: 2999:

4-door limousine sedan (1965 configuration) Coachwork by Hess & Eisenhardt (both configurations)

2526: 2522: 2211: 2003: 1636: 965:

Motor Company. By the end of 1959, Continental was integrated into Lincoln, and Edsel was withdrawn.

939: 4625: 4603: 8973: 8892: 8782: 8762: 8663: 8636: 8309: 8240: 8087: 7417: 7393: 7300: 7131: 7067: 5152: 4908: 3956: 2793: 2673: 2446: 2175: 2163: 1312:

use of Designer Editions, which saw use on subsequent Continental Mark series models and Lincolns.

1103: 1087: 389: 304: 4994: 4939:"Would a bubble-top have saved Kennedy? More answers from the strange story of JFK's Lincoln limo" 4745: 2897:

Underwent security and safety modifications in 1942, becoming first armored presidential vehicle.

8937: 8814: 8586: 8054: 7461: 7367: 7289: 7062: 6947: 3647: 1580: 1073: 20: 3795: 3123:

was fitted with a roof opening (so Nixon could stand up to greet the crowd from the motorcade).

1138: 295:. In February 1922, the company was acquired by Ford, its parent company to this day. Following 8703: 8641: 8509: 8411: 8359: 7897: 7724: 7334: 7317: 5546: 5104: 4030: 3922: 3896: 3705: 3685: 3223: 2750: 2562: 2470: 2270: 2187: 2090: 621: 613: 497: 475: 323:) and the closure of Mercury, Lincoln remains the sole luxury nameplate of Ford Motor Company. 270: 73: 4578:"Tycho's Illustrated History Of Chinese Cars: Red Flag's Lincoln Years - The Truth About Cars" 3541: 3321: 9168: 9095: 8601: 8544: 8424: 7975: 7803: 7709: 7689: 7432: 7385: 7349: 7139: 7035: 6758: 5045: 4695: 1999: 1792: 1531: 1523: 1261: 746:

to design a unique body design, using a 1939 Lincoln Zephyr Convertible Coupe chassis. After

6628: 6618: 4967: 2199: 792:

For 1946, Lincoln returned to production, ending the use of the Zephyr name. Code-named the

9338: 9183: 9006: 8728: 8631: 8591: 8571: 8529: 8504: 8469: 8451: 8262: 7919: 7766: 7557: 7359: 7339: 7312: 7077: 6912: 6826: 6633: 6623: 6613: 5976: 5928: 5301: 4995:"U.S. Presidents and their cars: These vehicles carried the most powerful men in the world" 3597:"Lincoln China Sets Sales Record; Lincoln Global Sales Deliver Best Performance Since 2000" 2935: 2931: 2917: 2254: 2111: 2044: 970: 917: 817: 710: 641: 300: 5948: 4105: 8: 9404: 8792: 8787: 8777: 8740: 8658: 8648: 8606: 8549: 8489: 8459: 8364: 8148: 7963: 7914: 7599: 7503: 7305: 6842: 6794: 6462: 6092: 6083: 6078: 6069: 5958: 5953: 5923: 5342: 5337: 5311: 5275: 2277: 2241: 2071: 1788: 1780: 1068: 890: 848: 737: 617: 589: 447: 427:

given responsibility over it. While Ford had sought to expand its model range beyond the

331: 327: 281: 277: 93: 79: 5918: 1586:

The commercial campaign saw the emergence of the new advertising slogan for the brand, "

1152:

vehicles ever produced, the Town Car and Limousines were only offered painted in black.

938:. Mechanically, Lincoln differed from Mercury, as the Ford truck V8 was replaced by the 9147: 9122: 9105: 8864: 8767: 8745: 8534: 8419: 8394: 8379: 8245: 7985: 7948: 7756: 7734: 7647: 7216: 6818: 6735: 6351: 6170: 5892: 5395: 5162: 5081: 5019: 4856:"That time Lincoln built a land-speed Mark VIII and set a 182 MPH record at Bonneville" 3167: 3013: 2952: 2891: 2557:

On March 29, 2020, the first Lincoln made in China (a Lincoln Corsair) was produced by

2258: 1995: 1909: 1784: 1575: 1552: 1395: 1144:

As a replacement for the Y-block V8, Ford developed a 430 cu in (7.0 L)

597: 432: 258: 225: 154: 142: 4604:"Lincoln Launches in China; Unique Offering for Today's Chinese Luxury Auto Customers" 2545:

limousine) began production of a license-built variant of the Lincoln Town Car, using

1974: 363:

in 1909; staying on as an executive, he left in 1917 over a dispute with GM President

9283: 9250: 9220: 9110: 9058: 8678: 8668: 8446: 8441: 8399: 8339: 8279: 8230: 8182: 8121: 8042: 8012: 7958: 7847: 7793: 7513: 7294: 7152: 7005: 6651: 6541: 6536: 6477: 5541: 5443: 5372: 5215: 5113: 4182: 3875: 3850: 3748: 3486: 3282: 3163: 3009: 2948: 2887: 2692: 2055: 2023: 1983: 1901: 1812: 1540: 1438: 1265: 804: 771: 709:

as a sub-marque within Lincoln for 1936. Designed as a competitor for the (Cadillac)

593: 364: 4361: 4283: 3404:"Lincoln's Centennial: A Mega Gallery of Continentals, Presidential Limos, and More" 2958:

Fleet of vehicles leased, bodied with extended wheelbases and higher-headroom roofs

961:

adapted features of the Continental Mark II, including its ducted air conditioning.

9326: 8854: 8824: 8713: 8499: 8436: 8344: 8160: 8069: 7857: 7422: 7372: 7173: 6969: 6850: 6047: 6013: 6008: 5991: 5986: 5965: 5411: 5379: 5280: 5259: 5210: 4822: 4003: 3701: 3681: 3202: 2864: 2797: 2726: 2307: 1908:, shifting from the 1980 Fox chassis to the FN10 chassis (a Lincoln version of the 1536: 1391: 982: 958: 935: 808: 793: 763: 714: 585: 567: 404: 2964:

roof in 1954, taking on a "Bubble Top" nickname" Used once by Lyndon B. Johnson.

9132: 9036: 8996: 8869: 8718: 8581: 8476: 8329: 7980: 7872: 7825: 7699: 7684: 7679: 7664: 7652: 7045: 6962: 6511: 5448: 5205: 5200: 5094: 4176: 3076: 2783: 2745: 2707: 2598: 2538: 2413: 2236: 2078: 2067: 2048: 2027: 1987: 1403: 1162: 1145: 974: 485: 359:

and his son Wilfred. Among the founders of Cadillac, Leland had sold Cadillac to

292: 288: 125: 3773: 2609: 9178: 9142: 9090: 9053: 8844: 8757: 8566: 8269: 8215: 8064: 7997: 7862: 7830: 7778: 7719: 7492: 7082: 7015: 6932: 6907: 6166: 6018: 5933: 5913: 5908: 5526: 5521: 5316: 5306: 5285: 2573: 2546: 2518: 2117:

For 2009, Lincoln introduced its first all-new full-size sedan since 1980, the

954: 950: 833: 782: 767: 706: 571: 360: 299:, Ford formed the Lincoln-Mercury Division, pairing Lincoln with its mid-range 254: 220: 9266:

Company still exists but is no longer in the automotive manufacturing business

6692:

The Lincoln Mark LT was exclusively sold in Mexico after the 2008 model year.

4245: 4223: 4202: 4153: 3482:

The Ford Century: Ford Motor Company and the Innovations that Shaped the World

9348: 9031: 8834: 8819: 8772: 8596: 8539: 8374: 8299: 8284: 8017: 7990: 7867: 7749: 7694: 7485: 6786: 6493: 6411: 5981: 5943: 5938: 5899: 5332: 5089: 3116: 3066: 2735: 2716: 1783:, the first overhead-cam 8-cylinder engine used in an American car since the 1571: 1170: 931: 800: 721: 629: 625: 601: 180: 8114: 7474: 9068: 8859: 8626: 8561: 8294: 7892: 7877: 7808: 7674: 7427: 7224: 7165: 7144: 7087: 7000: 6957: 6942: 6902: 6640: 6532: 6527: 6346: 5879: 5868: 4501:"Lincoln Continental Coach Door Edition: Some Folks Call 'Em Suicide Doors" 2558: 2542: 1706: 1446: 1134: 1121: 812: 604:, the Model K offered both factory-designed bodies and coachbuilt designs. 578: 501: 455: 451: 428: 372: 356: 316: 296: 9263:

Non-U.S. based parent company that owns subsidiaries headquartered in U.S.

5645: 4339: 1518:

As Lincoln entered the 1980s, the American auto industry remained in the "

754:

vehicles were produced, with the first vehicle received by Mickey Rooney.

9314: 9287: 9173: 8839: 8389: 8354: 8257: 8225: 8143: 8022: 7882: 7157: 7040: 6952: 6927: 6917: 6763: 6572: 6506: 6422: 5536: 5531: 5498: 5484: 5468: 5463: 5458: 5453: 2801: 2284: 2126: 2118: 2107: 2099: 1548: 1519: 529: 376: 308: 186: 3433:"Lincoln cancels the Continental again because the US is hooked on SUVs" 9026: 9021: 8849: 8723: 8524: 8369: 8349: 8250: 8175: 8131: 8059: 8049: 8032: 7852: 7744: 7659: 7479: 7377: 7322: 7232: 7200: 7102: 7057: 7025: 6979: 6398: 5427: 4083:"Badge Engineering: How one got it right, and one got it utterly wrong" 3879: 2565:

sedan built only for the Chinese market replaced the discontinued MKZ.

2412:

production model only in Black Label trim. The MKC was replaced by the

2040: 2019: 1599: 1564: 1434: 943: 493: 471: 462: 424: 338:

States. Today, this niche is filled from its crossover and SUV lineup.

320: 312: 213: 3872:

The World of Automobiles: An Illustrated Encyclopedia of the Motor Car

3572:"Ford Introduces the "Lincoln Motor Company" in New Branding Campaign" 1098:

overtook the Mark II as the most expensive American-produced vehicle.

8673: 8484: 8406: 7970: 7936: 7798: 6704: 6387: 6003: 5506: 5184: 2961: 2760: 2529:

served a role similar to Mercury) through Australia and New Zealand.

2288: 2130: 2103: 174: 1452:

For 1977, Lincoln-Mercury replaced the Continental Mark IV with the

1113:, ending the model cycle alongside the standard Lincoln model line. 478:, customers could also purchase a Model L with coachbuilt bodywork. 8431: 8289: 8155: 8136: 7931: 7902: 7835: 7788: 7669: 7508: 7052: 7010: 6937: 6038: 5118: 4720: 4674:"Lincoln Opens First Stores in China and Unveils 'The Lincoln Way'" 2731: 2712: 2077:

For 2005, Lincoln introduced a second pickup truck model line, the

2007: 1768: 1442: 720:

The Lincoln-Zephyr was the first Ford Motor Company vehicle to use

262: 4648:"Ford's Lincoln plans to produce luxury SUV in China by late 2019" 1900:

For the 1993 model year, the Lincoln Mark VII was replaced by the

1522:", struggling to balance fuel efficiency, emissions controls, and 9152: 9041: 8698: 8611: 8576: 8027: 7704: 7248: 7192: 7097: 6875: 6810: 4553:"2020 Lincoln Continental Coach Door Edition Priced at $ 116,645" 4479:"2019 Lincoln Nautilus First Look: MKX Replacement Gets New Name" 4393:(Press release). New York: Ford Motor Company. December 3, 2012. 4178:

Comeback: The Fall & Rise of the American Automobile Industry

3075:

Three 1965 Lincoln Continental Executive Limousines (one used by

2577: 2300: 2222: 978: 393: 4195: 3540:. New York: Ford Motor Company. December 3, 2012. Archived from 3320:. New York: Ford Motor Company. December 3, 2012. Archived from 1273:

not have a proper successor (thus restarting the nomenclature).

9127: 9046: 8733: 8653: 8619: 8037: 8002: 7926: 7907: 7815: 7327: 7256: 7240: 6834: 5229: 5108: 4746:"1927 Lincoln Model L Pictures, History, Value, Research, News" 3720: 1603: 265:. However, beginning with the 2021 model year, they only offer 42: 4626:"Lincoln Unveils Three All-New Vehicles at Auto Shanghai 2015" 717:, the Lincoln-Zephyr was priced between Ford and the Model K. 9016: 8829: 8683: 8464: 8165: 8102: 7943: 7783: 6802: 2070:

mid-size SUV. Sharing the body of the Ford Explorer with the

1772: 1560: 1130: 385: 7587: 4798:"All-New Lincoln Aviator Called 'Seductive' Not 'Predatory'" 4311:"Cadillac Apologizes to Lincoln for Inflating Sales Numbers" 2283:

For 2015, Lincoln introduced two new SUVs, with the all-new

8170: 7642: 5075: 237: 183:(United States, Canada, Mexico, Dominican Republic, Panama) 3134:

1972 Lincoln Continental limousine (showing 1978 facelift)

6582: 5046:"A Chronicle of Carriages - United States Secret Service" 4527:"Lincoln Continental Coach Door Edition Returns For 2020" 2697: 584:

For the 1931 model year, the Model L was replaced by the

266: 4676:(Press release). Lincoln Motor Company. November 6, 2014 2796:

in 1996 as a potential replacement for the discontinued

695:

1938 Lincoln Model K Convertible Sedan (body by LeBaron)

355:

The Lincoln Motor Company was founded in August 1917 by

4271:

Standard Catalog of American Cars 1976-1999 3rd Edition

4265: 4263: 2944:

Dwight D. Eisenhower John F. Kennedy Lyndon B. Johnson

9420:

Vehicle manufacturing companies disestablished in 1940

1570:

These ads faced some resistance from within Ford, but

1390:

Developed as a response to the popularity of the 1976

9298: 9231:

List of automobiles manufactured in the United States

9385:

Automobile culture and history in Dearborn, Michigan

4260: 803:, the redesigned Lincoln model line (code-named the 9395:

Vehicle manufacturing companies established in 1917

3029:

1965, 1968 Lincoln Continental Executive Limousines

1683: 1125:

1959 Continental Mark IV Town Car formal-roof sedan

1062: 957:concept cars. Slotted above the Lincoln Capri, the 4175:Ingrassia, Paul; White, Joseph B. (May 14, 2013). 2911:1950 Lincoln Cosmopolitan "Bubble Top" convertible 4572: 4570: 1413: 1225:1964 Lincoln Continental convertible (top raised) 418: 177:(China (except Hong Kong and Macau), South Korea) 9346: 4777:. United Press International. September 30, 2010 3891: 3889: 3527: 3525: 3523: 3521: 3519: 3517: 3515: 3513: 3511: 3509: 1811:Continental with a completely new interior. The 375:($ 237,818,182 in 2023 dollars ) for use during 4385: 4383: 3742: 3675: 3673: 3671: 3669: 3667: 3665: 2651:The Final Step Up (The Continentals, 1968–1971) 9236:National Highway Traffic Safety Administration 4567: 4174: 4134:. Vol. 153, no. 11. 1975. p. 22 3897:"1961 Lincoln Continental Almost Discontinued" 3870:Burgess-White, David (1974). Ward, Ian (ed.). 3634: 3632: 3630: 3628: 3626: 3624: 3622: 3620: 3618: 3402:Lorio, Joe; Fink, Greg S. (February 5, 2022). 3307: 3305: 2513: 2223:Premier Automotive Group & The Way Forward 2094:twin-pod dashboard (early 1960s Continental). 334:; the current version was introduced in 1980. 9380:Motor vehicle manufacturers based in Michigan 7573: 7519:United States Council for Automotive Research 6720: 6141: 5631: 5134: 5020:"The Top Presidential Limousines of All Time" 4933: 4931: 4929: 4909:"The Top Presidential Limousines of All Time" 4447: 3979:"1967 Lincoln Continental 4-Door Convertible" 3886: 3869: 3845:Dammann, George H.; Wagner, James K. (1987). 3844: 3745:The Aviation Legacy of Henry & Edsel Ford 3506: 2812:From 1939 to 1993, Lincolns were included as 2561:at its facility in Chongqing. In 2022, a new 1189:1960 Lincoln Continental Mark V hardtop sedan 1045:1957 Lincoln Premiere Landau (4-door hardtop) 731: 287:Lincoln Motor Company was founded in 1917 by 257:division of American automobile manufacturer 8193:Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing 4380: 3772:. U.S. National Park Service. Archived from 3662: 3191: 3190:1989 Lincoln Town Car Presidential Limousine 3159:Jimmy Carter Ronald Reagan George H.W. Bush 3129: 3085: 3030: 2973: 2906: 2854: 2541:(in an effort to develop a successor to the 3840: 3838: 3836: 3834: 3832: 3736: 3615: 3302: 2157:2003–2007 Lincoln Town Car Signature Series 1854:1998–2002 Lincoln Town Car Signature Series 659:1932 Lincoln Model KA (V8) six-window sedan 7580: 7566: 6727: 6713: 6148: 6134: 5638: 5624: 5141: 5127: 5114:Website of Lincoln Presidential Limousines 5080: 4926: 4907:Huffman, John Pearley (January 20, 2009). 4550: 4494: 4492: 4443: 4441: 4308: 3035:1968 Lincoln Continental stretch limousine 2807: 2782:The Continental Mark VII was raced in the 2625: 1141:which went into effect in September 1972. 350: 41: 4882:"When Lincoln Returned to Nascar (sorta)" 4448:Dapena-Valdes, Peter (December 3, 2012). 4273:(Iola, WI: Krause Publications, Inc 1999) 3747:. Detroit: Wayne State University Press. 3458:"Edsel Ford and his influence on Lincoln" 3401: 2493: 1630:1982 Lincoln Continental Givenchy Edition 1422:made its debut, redesigned alongside the 7589:Automotive industry in the United States 5878: 5649:passenger vehicle timeline, 1922–1979 — 5098:) is being considered for deletion. See 3829: 3814: 3700: 3680: 3063:Lyndon Baines Johnson Library and Museum 2960:Convertible was fitted with a removable 2608: 2287:compact crossover SUV (derived from the 1973: 1381: 1120: 1072: 700: 4962: 4960: 4906: 4498: 4489: 4438: 4336:"El poder es producto de la superacion" 4328: 4225:Lincoln Town Car TV Commercial (2 of 2) 4103: 4057:"1969-'71 Lincoln Continental Mark III" 3820: 3723:"Consumer Price Index (estimate) 1800–" 3270: 3268: 2618:rocket-style hood ornament until 1958. 1254: 820:was styled with its own rear roofline. 9390:American companies established in 1917 9360:Car manufacturers of the United States 9347: 9246:North American International Auto Show 6734: 6197: 6194: 6191: 6188: 5686: 5683: 5680: 5677: 5674: 4992: 4853: 4795: 4628:(Press release). Lincoln Motor Company 4606:(Press release). Lincoln Motor Company 4421:"Lincoln Strategy: We'll Try Anything" 3478: 3427: 3425: 3281:. Arcadia Publishing. pp. 54–55. 3251:"A short history of the Mercury brand" 1678:1989 Lincoln Town Car Signature Series 7821:Growler Manufacturing and Engineering 7561: 6708: 6200: 6129: 5952: 5671: 5619: 5122: 4551:Maddireddy, Mihir (October 5, 2019). 4456:from the original on December 3, 2012 4397:from the original on December 6, 2012 4081:Davis, Albert S. (December 6, 2012). 4080: 3721:Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis. 3274: 3196:1989 Lincoln Town Car state limousine 2667: 1994:). Developed as a competitor for the 1588:Lincoln. What a Luxury Car Should Be. 1377: 276:The division helped to establish the 16:Luxury division of Ford Motor Company 7542: 6183: 5666: 5148: 4957: 4524: 4499:Bragman, Aaron (December 17, 2018). 4418: 4106:"Sow's Ear: 1980 Lincoln Versailles" 4054: 3569: 3278:Ford Dynasty: A Photographic History 3265: 2930:1x 4-door convertible (Coachwork by 2401:2018 Lincoln Navigator L Black Label 2129:crossover SUV, a counterpart of the 1969: 1895: 1213:1963 Lincoln Continental convertible 7610:Transportation in the United States 4993:Teague, Chris (February 16, 2020). 4104:Kemendo, Corey (January 12, 2018). 3955:. September 4, 2007. Archived from 3534:Lincoln Motor Company Briefing Book 3422: 3314:Lincoln Motor Company Briefing Book 2991:1961-1963 (original configuration) 2604: 1799:(1988) and on the Town Car (1992). 1757:1984–1985 Continental Mark VII LSC 1484:1973 Continental Mark IV, rear view 1360:1974 Lincoln Continental Town Coupe 1116: 13: 9375:Luxury motor vehicle manufacturers 7715:Environmental Performance Vehicles 4203:"Youtube, 1993 Lincoln Commercial" 3874:. Vol. 10. Orbis Publishing. 3796:"Ford buys Lincoln - Feb 04, 1922" 3153:(Coachwork by Ford Motor Company) 3090:1969 Lincoln Continental limousine 2613:Hood ornament, Continental Mark II 2098:MKZ ("em-kay-zee"), with the 2007 1508:1977 Continental Mark V, rear view 516:1922 Lincoln Model L touring sedan 379:. The Lelands broke ground on the 145:in 1922, becoming a division of it 14: 9436: 6173:– road car timeline, 1980–present 5102:to help reach a consensus. › 5067: 4862:. American City Business Journals 4854:Strohl, Daniel (April 24, 2018). 4823:"Race Results - Racing-Reference" 4028: 3923:"Lincoln Institutes Design Study" 2054:For 2002, Lincoln introduced the 1982:For 1998, Lincoln introduced the 1372:1978 Lincoln Continental Town Car 1348:1972 Lincoln Continental Town Car 9332: 9320: 9308: 9282: 9273: 9272: 9241:New York International Auto Show 9079:Cooper Tire & Rubber Company 8923:Kia Motors Manufacturing Georgia 7541: 7532: 7531: 7209:Automotive Fuel Cell Cooperation 6874: 6684: Sold exclusively in China. 5600: 5599: 5228: 5161:Established 1917, a division of 4796:Finlay, Steve (March 28, 2018). 4771:"Lincoln has new ads and slogan" 4525:Bigg, Martin (October 4, 2019). 4450:"Ford Restarts Lincoln Motor Co" 4419:Dyer, Ezra (December 21, 2012). 3743:O'Callaghan, Timothy J. (2002). 3220:George Bush Presidential Library 3109:(Coachwork by Lehmann-Peterson) 3055:(Coachwork by Lehmann-Peterson) 2481: 2469: 2457: 2445: 2433: 2421: 2394: 2382: 2370: 2358: 2346: 2334: 2322: 2210: 2198: 2186: 2174: 2162: 2150: 2138: 1957: 1945: 1933: 1921: 1883: 1871: 1859: 1847: 1835: 1823: 1750: 1738: 1726: 1684:Continental Mark VI and Mark VII 1671: 1659: 1647: 1635: 1623: 1611: 1501: 1489: 1477: 1465: 1365: 1353: 1341: 1329: 1317: 1286: 1242: 1230: 1218: 1206: 1194: 1182: 1063:Continental Division (1956–1959) 1050: 1038: 1026: 1014: 1002: 990: 909: 897: 882: 868: 856: 840: 825: 688: 683:1938 Lincoln-Zephyr 4-door sedan 676: 664: 652: 640: 549: 537: 521: 509: 9400:1917 establishments in Michigan 5038: 5012: 4986: 4900: 4874: 4847: 4829: 4815: 4789: 4763: 4738: 4713: 4688: 4666: 4640: 4618: 4596: 4544: 4518: 4471: 4412: 4354: 4302: 4276: 4238: 4216: 4168: 4146: 4120: 4097: 4074: 4048: 4022: 3996: 3971: 3949:"1966-1969 Lincoln Continental" 3941: 3915: 3863: 3788: 3767: 3761: 3589: 3570:Buss, Dale (December 3, 2012). 3563: 2818:Presidents of the United States 2622:has been offered as an option. 1906:Ford Thunderbird/Mercury Cougar 1336:1971 Lincoln Continental 2-door 1249:1969 Lincoln Continental sedan 981:and several generations of the 577:business model shared with the 528:1925 Lincoln Model L sedan (of 56:Lincoln Motor Company (1917–45) 8325:Clydesdale Motor Truck Company 6898:Automotive Components Holdings 4968:"LBJ's Presidential Limousine" 3472: 3450: 3395: 3373: 3351:"Our Brands: Lincoln Vehicles" 3343: 3243: 2583: 1791:(dropping the LTD prefix) and 1414:Continental Mark IV and Mark V 1293:1969 Continental Mark III rear 1237:1967 Lincoln Continental coupe 1201:1961 Lincoln Continental sedan 443:share nearly the same design. 419:Purchase by Ford Motor Company 1: 9410:1922 mergers and acquisitions 8689:North American Bus Industries 7774:General Dynamics Land Systems 5087: 3485:. Artisan Books. p. 95. 3275:Davis, Michael W. R. (2002). 3236: 2774: 1890:1998–2002 Lincoln Continental 1878:1995–1997 Lincoln Continental 1666:1988–1991 Lincoln Continental 1654:1986–1987 Lincoln Continental 1264:, while Cadillac shifted the 544:1926 Lincoln Model L town car 9012:American Expedition Vehicles 8008:Scuderia Cameron Glickenhaus 7605:Economy of the United States 4309:O'Dell, John (May 6, 1999). 4031:"The History of my Mark III" 3715:American Antiquarian Society 3695:American Antiquarian Society 2792:The Mark VIII was tested at 373:Liberty V12 aircraft engines 114:(as "Lincoln Motor Company") 105:; 107 years ago 7: 9116:Proterra (bus manufacturer) 5577:SS-100-X (1961 Continental) 3847:The Cars of Lincoln-Mercury 2654:What a luxury car should be 2514:Australia & New Zealand 2428:Lincoln Aviator Black Label 1978:1998-2000 Lincoln Navigator 1431:American Motors Corporation 556:1930 Lincoln Model L sedan 381:Lincoln Motor Company Plant 59:Lincoln-Mercury (1945–2012) 28:Lincoln Motor Truck Company 10: 9441: 9415:Ford Motor Company marques 9179:Rezvani Automotive Designs 8320:Checker Motors Corporation 7469:Grimshaw v. Ford Motor Co. 7132:AutoAlliance International 7073:Special Vehicle Operations 6678: 6646: 6644: 6622: 6608: 6599: 6588: 6586: 6571: 6569: 6567: 6565: 6553: 6551: 6549: 6547: 6522: 6520: 6501: 6499: 6497: 6485: 6483: 6450: 6417: 6415: 6404: 6395: 6393: 6064: 6046: 6033: 6012: 5995: 5957: 5887: 5885: 5874: 4696:"林肯品牌首款国产车型下线--人民网汽车--人民网" 4055:Shea, Terry (April 2018). 3182:1981 assassination attempt 3178:1975 assassination attempt 3119:(Yorba Linda, California) 3022:1963 Kennedy assassination 2905:Lincoln Cosmopolitan fleet 2671: 2660:Smarter than luxury (2010) 2642: 2276:In 2014, Lincoln enlisted 1964:1998 Lincoln Mark VIII LSC 1952:1998 Lincoln Mark VIII LSC 1842:1995–1997 Lincoln Town Car 1830:1990–1992 Lincoln Town Car 1111:Lincoln Continental Mark V 1096:Cadillac Eldorado Brougham 1086:at the time, rivaling the 1066: 904:1949 Lincoln (convertible) 761: 735: 732:Lincoln Continental (1939) 565: 367:regarding war production. 345: 25: 18: 9259: 9226:Interstate Highway System 9208: 9192: 9161: 8991: 8979:Volkswagen (Westmoreland) 8951: 8885: 8878: 8805: 8315:Carbon Motors Corporation 8206: 8078: 7954:Global Electric Motorcars 7888:Millennium Luxury Coaches 7629: 7618: 7595: 7527: 7448: 7410: 7358: 7280: 7241:Getrag Ford Transmissions 7185: 7124: 7115: 6993: 6890: 6883: 6872: 6779: 6751: 6742: 6671: 6669: 6664: 6662: 6657: 6655: 6650: 6648: 6632: 6627: 6617: 6612: 6610: 6601: 6597: 6592: 6590: 6576: 6555: 6540: 6531: 6526: 6524: 6517: 6510: 6505: 6503: 6487: 6481: 6476: 6471: 6466: 6461: 6457: 6455: 6445: 6440: 6435: 6431: 6426: 6421: 6419: 6410: 6406: 6402: 6397: 6386: 6384: 6379: 6374: 6372: 6367: 6362: 6357: 6355: 6350: 6345: 6178: 6110: 6105: 6100: 6098: 6096: 6091: 6089: 6087: 6082: 6077: 6075: 6073: 6062: 6057: 6055: 6053: 6051: 6044: 6042: 6031: 6026: 6024: 6022: 6017: 6007: 5990: 5985: 5980: 5975: 5973: 5971: 5969: 5964: 5947: 5942: 5937: 5932: 5927: 5922: 5917: 5912: 5907: 5905: 5903: 5898: 5891: 5889: 5883: 5876: 5872: 5660: 5595: 5555: 5497: 5477: 5436: 5420: 5404: 5388: 5325: 5294: 5268: 5252: 5237: 5226: 5193: 5177: 5170: 5159: 3502:– via Google Books. 3213:4-door stretch limousine 3151:4-door stretch limousine 3107:4-door stretch limousine 3053:4-door stretch limousine 3040:1965 Lincoln Continental 2814:official state limousines 2568: 2341:2013 Lincoln MKT Town Car 2181:2003-2005 Lincoln Aviator 1394:, Lincoln introduced the 232: 219: 209: 196: 165: 149: 137: 118: 99: 89: 66: 49: 40: 9370:Premier Automotive Group 8943:Volkswagen (Chattanooga) 8310:Boulder Electric Vehicle 7710:Chenowth Racing Products 7418:M-Sport World Rally Team 7301:Michigan Central Station 7068:Premier Automotive Group 6688: 6682: 6340: 6337: 6334: 6331: 6328: 6325: 6322: 6319: 6316: 6313: 6310: 6307: 6304: 6301: 6298: 6295: 6292: 6289: 6286: 6283: 6280: 6277: 6274: 6271: 6268: 6265: 6262: 6259: 6256: 6253: 6250: 6247: 6244: 6241: 6238: 6235: 6232: 6229: 6226: 6223: 6220: 6217: 6214: 6211: 6208: 6205: 5862: 5859: 5856: 5853: 5850: 5847: 5844: 5841: 5838: 5835: 5832: 5829: 5826: 5823: 5820: 5817: 5814: 5811: 5808: 5805: 5802: 5799: 5796: 5793: 5790: 5787: 5784: 5781: 5778: 5775: 5772: 5769: 5766: 5763: 5760: 5757: 5754: 5751: 5748: 5745: 5742: 5739: 5736: 5733: 5730: 5727: 5724: 5721: 5718: 5715: 5712: 5709: 5706: 5703: 5700: 5697: 5694: 5691: 5100:templates for discussion 4837:"Lincoln Mark VII-Theus" 4721:"Ford Vignale - Ford GB" 3849:. Crestline Publishing. 3128:1972 Lincoln Continental 3084:1969 Lincoln Continental 2794:Charlotte Motor Speedway 2674:List of Lincoln vehicles 2591: 2537:In the 1990s and 2000s, 2532: 2406: 2389:2018 Lincoln Continental 2247: 2235:In 2005, Ford developed 2193:2007 Lincoln Navigator L 2110:marked the debut of the 2033: 1866:1994 Lincoln Continental 1762: 1745:1983 Continental Mark VI 1733:1983 Continental Mark VI 1513: 1472:1973 Continental Mark IV 1324:1970 Lincoln Continental 1298: 1155: 1104:Mercury Turnpike Cruiser 1088:Rolls-Royce Silver Cloud 1077:1956 Continental Mark II 924: 757: 561: 305:Premier Automotive Group 26:Not to be confused with 8928:Mercedes-Benz (Alabama) 8815:Alpha Motor Corporation 8587:International Harvester 7462:Dodge v. Ford Motor Co. 7295:Detroit Corktown campus 7063:New Holland Agriculture 4362:"How Lincoln Cars Work" 4284:"How Lincoln Cars Work" 4155:1986 Lincoln Commercial 4004:"How Lincoln Cars Work" 3042:430 cubic-inch V8 1968 2997:4-door open car (1961) 2934:, Security upgrades by 2852:Sunshine Special (1939) 2808:Presidential state cars 2626:Mark series (1968–1998) 2502: 2257:, a counterpart of the 1618:1980 Lincoln Versailles 1496:1977 Continental Mark V 1386:1978 Lincoln Versailles 1094:Subsequently, the 1957 351:Early years (1917–1930) 189:(except Iran and Syria) 21:Lincoln Motor Car Works 7898:Motor Coach Industries 6473:(Continental) Mark VII 6059:Continental Mark III–V 4181:. Simon and Schuster. 3983:automobile-catalog.com 3821:Bentley, John (1952). 3640:"1917 Lincoln Model L" 3357:. 2012. Archived from 3355:Ford Motor Corporation 3224:College Station, Texas 3197: 3135: 3091: 3036: 2978: 2912: 2881:Franklin D. Roosevelt 2859: 2614: 2494:Worldwide distribution 2145:2002 Lincoln Blackwood 1979: 1940:1993 Lincoln Mark VIII 1928:1993 Lincoln Mark VIII 1781:Ford Modular V8 engine 1387: 1126: 1078: 1057:1959 Lincoln Premiere 622:Mercedes-Benz Typ3 630 620:, Duesenberg Model J, 614:Rolls-Royce Phantom II 280:segment with the 1940 9355:Lincoln Motor Company 9169:Calty Design Research 8969:General Motors (list) 8908:General Motors (list) 8694:Oliver Farm Equipment 7804:Chevrolet Performance 7665:Amp Electric Vehicles 7386:William Clay Ford Jr. 7140:AutoAlliance Thailand 5050:www.secretservice.gov 4132:Automotive Industries 3770:"Lincoln Motor Plant" 3479:Banham, Russ (2002). 3383:(Press release). Ford 3195: 3133: 3089: 3034: 2993:1965-1967 (redesign) 2977: 2936:Hess & Eisenhardt 2910: 2877:(Coachwork by Brunn) 2858: 2840:Presidential service 2751:Compact crossover SUV 2672:Further information: 2612: 2523:Ford Fairlane and LTD 2081:. Again based on the 2000:Mercedes-Benz M-Class 1990:(itself based on the 1977: 1793:Mercury Grand Marquis 1642:1984 Lincoln Town Car 1385: 1124: 1076: 1033:1956 Lincoln Premiere 701:Lincoln-Zephyr (1936) 247:Lincoln Motor Company 36:Lincoln Motor Company 9184:Wheego Electric Cars 7389:(Executive Chairman) 7078:Special Vehicle Team 6903:Changan Ford (China) 5997:Continental Town Car 4582:The Truth About Cars 4485:. November 28, 2017. 4212:– via YouTube. 4035:eldorado-seville.com 3776:on November 22, 2018 2932:Henney Motor Company 2918:Lincoln Cosmopolitan 2083:Ford F-150 SuperCrew 2060:Ford F-150 SuperCrew 1702:Continental Mark VII 1555:in late 1985 titled 1270:Continental Mark III 1255:Continental Mark III 997:1950 Lincoln (sedan) 918:Lincoln Cosmopolitan 875:1948 Lincoln (sedan) 863:1946 Lincoln (coupe) 818:Lincoln Cosmopolitan 671:1935 Lincoln Model K 647:1931 Lincoln Model K 7600:Automotive industry 7306:Roosevelt Warehouse 6468:Continental Mark VI 6463:Personal luxury car 6093:Continental Mark II 6070:Personal luxury car 4945:. November 22, 2019 4888:. November 12, 2015 4061:Hemmings Motor News 3959:on December 2, 2020 3141:Lincoln Continental 3097:Lincoln Continental 3044:Lincoln Continental 2984:Lincoln Continental 2921:337 cubic-inch V8 2875:4-door convertible 2868:414 cubic-inch V12 2824: 2663:Quiet flight (2018) 2488:Lincoln Continental 2464:Lincoln Navigator L 2278:Matthew McConaughey 2242:St. Thomas Assembly 2072:Mercury Mountaineer 2004:Toyota Land Cruiser 1789:Ford Crown Victoria 1690:Continental Mark VI 1553:Young & Rubicam 1420:Continental Mark IV 1069:Continental Mark II 891:Lincoln Continental 849:Lincoln Continental 738:Lincoln Continental 618:Renault Reinastella 496:, Marmon, Packard, 332:Continental Mark II 282:Lincoln Continental 278:personal luxury car 37: 9365:Ford Motor Company 9123:Remy International 7949:Polaris Industries 7648:Challenger Tractor 7290:World Headquarters 7217:Changan Ford Mazda 7204:(Argentina/Brazil) 7116:Joint ventures and 6736:Ford Motor Company 6171:Ford Motor Company 6028:Town Car/Limousine 5517:Continental (2015) 5512:Continental (2002) 5163:Ford Motor Company 5026:. January 20, 2009 4700:auto.people.com.cn 4425:The New York Times 4342:on January 6, 2013 4128:"Creature Comfort" 3929:. October 11, 2007 3903:. October 11, 2007 3198: 3168:Dearborn, Michigan 3144:460 cubic-inch V8 3136: 3100:460 cubic-inch V8 3092: 3059:Lyndon B. Johnson 3046:462 cubic-inch V8 3037: 3014:Dearborn, Michigan 3005:Lyndon B. Johnson 2987:430 cubic-inch V8 2979: 2953:Dearborn, Michigan 2913: 2892:Dearborn, Michigan 2860: 2823: 2668:Current model line 2615: 2259:Ford Fusion Hybrid 1980: 1785:Duesenberg Model J 1576:Oakland University 1454:Continental Mark V 1396:Lincoln Versailles 1388: 1378:Lincoln Versailles 1139:regulatory mandate 1127: 1079: 1021:1955 Lincoln Capri 1009:1953 Lincoln Capri 940:Lincoln Y-block V8 598:Duesenberg Model J 433:Henry Ford Company 291:, naming it after 259:Ford Motor Company 226:Ford Motor Company 155:Dearborn, Michigan 35: 9296: 9295: 9251:SAE International 9221:Chicago Auto Show 9111:Phoenix Motorcars 8987: 8986: 8918:Hyundai (Alabama) 8801: 8800: 8753:Twentieth Century 8447:Fisker Coachbuild 8442:Fisker Automotive 8231:American LaFrance 8226:American Electric 8013:SSC North America 7794:Cadillac V series 7740:ElDorado National 7555: 7554: 7514:Pay on production 7276: 7275: 7111: 7110: 7036:Hertz Corporation 6870: 6869: 6702: 6701: 6697: 6696: 6160: 6123: 6122: 6117: 6116: 5653: 5613: 5612: 5572:1950 Cosmopolitan 5547:Zephyr Reflection 5493: 5492: 5224: 5223: 5024:Popular Mechanics 4974:. August 26, 2017 4913:Popular Mechanics 4584:. January 5, 2012 4315:Los Angeles Times 4188:978-1-4767-3747-8 4085:. Mind Over Motor 3856:978-0-912612-26-3 3754:978-1-928623-01-4 3601:media.lincoln.com 3492:978-1-57965-201-2 3361:on April 28, 2014 3288:978-0-7385-2039-1 3234: 3233: 3216:George H.W. Bush 3164:Henry Ford Museum 3113:Richard M. Nixon 3010:Henry Ford Museum 2949:Henry Ford Museum 2928:9x 4-door sedans 2888:Henry Ford Museum 2834:Years in service 2772: 2771: 2693:Lincoln Navigator 2056:Lincoln Blackwood 2024:Cadillac Escalade 1984:Lincoln Navigator 1970:Lincoln Navigator 1902:Lincoln Mark VIII 1896:Lincoln Mark VIII 1813:Lincoln Navigator 1707:grand-touring car 1541:Ford Fox platform 1266:Cadillac Eldorado 772:Lincoln EL-series 594:Chrysler Imperial 244: 243: 205: 9432: 9425:Vintage vehicles 9337: 9336: 9335: 9325: 9324: 9323: 9313: 9312: 9311: 9304: 9286: 9276: 9275: 8933:Subaru (Indiana) 8883: 8882: 8855:Lordstown Motors 8825:Bollinger Motors 8714:Sebring Vanguard 8452:Force Protection 8437:Fitch Four Drive 8070:Zero Motorcycles 7868:Lenco Industries 7858:Karma Automotive 7720:Equus Automotive 7627: 7626: 7582: 7575: 7568: 7559: 7558: 7545: 7544: 7535: 7534: 7433:World Rally Team 7398: 7390: 7382: 7269: 7261: 7253: 7245: 7237: 7229: 7221: 7213: 7205: 7197: 7178: 7174:Jiangling Motors 7170: 7162: 7149: 7136: 7122: 7121: 6888: 6887: 6878: 6863: 6855: 6847: 6839: 6831: 6823: 6815: 6807: 6799: 6791: 6749: 6748: 6729: 6722: 6715: 6706: 6705: 6691: 6689: 6685: 6683: 6181: 6180: 6158: 6150: 6143: 6136: 6127: 6126: 5664: 5663: 5651: 5640: 5633: 5626: 5617: 5616: 5603: 5602: 5582:1972 Continental 5566:Sunshine Special 5250: 5249: 5246: 5232: 5175: 5174: 5143: 5136: 5129: 5120: 5119: 5084: 5079: 5078: 5076:Official website 5061: 5060: 5058: 5056: 5042: 5036: 5035: 5033: 5031: 5016: 5010: 5009: 5007: 5005: 4999:Your Test Driver 4990: 4984: 4983: 4981: 4979: 4964: 4955: 4954: 4952: 4950: 4935: 4924: 4923: 4921: 4919: 4904: 4898: 4897: 4895: 4893: 4878: 4872: 4871: 4869: 4867: 4851: 4845: 4844: 4841:RacingSportsCars 4833: 4827: 4826: 4819: 4813: 4812: 4810: 4808: 4793: 4787: 4786: 4784: 4782: 4767: 4761: 4760: 4758: 4756: 4742: 4736: 4735: 4733: 4731: 4717: 4711: 4710: 4708: 4706: 4692: 4686: 4685: 4683: 4681: 4670: 4664: 4663: 4661: 4659: 4654:. March 13, 2017 4644: 4638: 4637: 4635: 4633: 4622: 4616: 4615: 4613: 4611: 4600: 4594: 4593: 4591: 4589: 4574: 4565: 4564: 4562: 4560: 4555:. Car and Driver 4548: 4542: 4541: 4539: 4537: 4522: 4516: 4515: 4513: 4511: 4496: 4487: 4486: 4475: 4469: 4468: 4463: 4461: 4445: 4436: 4435: 4433: 4431: 4416: 4410: 4409: 4404: 4402: 4387: 4378: 4377: 4375: 4373: 4358: 4352: 4351: 4349: 4347: 4338:. Archived from 4332: 4326: 4325: 4323: 4321: 4306: 4300: 4299: 4297: 4295: 4280: 4274: 4269:Flammang, James 4267: 4258: 4257: 4256: 4254: 4247:Lincoln - (1987) 4242: 4236: 4235: 4234: 4232: 4220: 4214: 4213: 4211: 4209: 4199: 4193: 4192: 4172: 4166: 4165: 4164: 4162: 4150: 4144: 4143: 4141: 4139: 4124: 4118: 4117: 4115: 4113: 4101: 4095: 4094: 4092: 4090: 4078: 4072: 4071: 4069: 4067: 4052: 4046: 4045: 4043: 4041: 4026: 4020: 4019: 4017: 4015: 4000: 3994: 3993: 3991: 3989: 3975: 3969: 3968: 3966: 3964: 3945: 3939: 3938: 3936: 3934: 3919: 3913: 3912: 3910: 3908: 3893: 3884: 3883: 3867: 3861: 3860: 3842: 3827: 3826: 3825:. Vol. 208. 3823:The Old Car Book 3818: 3812: 3811: 3809: 3807: 3792: 3786: 3785: 3783: 3781: 3765: 3759: 3758: 3740: 3734: 3733: 3731: 3729: 3718: 3712: 3698: 3692: 3677: 3660: 3659: 3657: 3655: 3646:. Archived from 3636: 3613: 3612: 3610: 3608: 3593: 3587: 3586: 3584: 3582: 3567: 3561: 3560: 3554: 3552: 3547:on April 3, 2013 3546: 3539: 3529: 3504: 3503: 3501: 3499: 3476: 3470: 3469: 3467: 3465: 3454: 3448: 3447: 3445: 3443: 3429: 3420: 3419: 3417: 3415: 3399: 3393: 3392: 3390: 3388: 3377: 3371: 3370: 3368: 3366: 3347: 3341: 3340: 3334: 3332: 3327:on April 3, 2013 3326: 3319: 3309: 3300: 3299: 3297: 3295: 3272: 3263: 3262: 3260: 3258: 3247: 3203:Lincoln Town Car 3003:John F. Kennedy 2825: 2822: 2798:Ford Thunderbird 2727:Lincoln Nautilus 2678: 2677: 2605:Branding history 2485: 2473: 2461: 2452:Lincoln Nautilus 2449: 2437: 2425: 2398: 2386: 2377:2017 Lincoln MKZ 2374: 2365:2016 Lincoln MKX 2362: 2353:2015 Lincoln MKC 2350: 2338: 2329:2011 Lincoln MKX 2326: 2308:Lincoln Nautilus 2217:2009 Lincoln MKS 2214: 2205:2009 Lincoln MKZ 2202: 2190: 2178: 2166: 2154: 2142: 2112:Ford EcoBoost V6 2020:GMC Yukon Denali 1961: 1949: 1937: 1925: 1887: 1875: 1863: 1851: 1839: 1827: 1754: 1742: 1730: 1675: 1663: 1651: 1639: 1627: 1615: 1537:Lincoln Town Car 1532:Panther platform 1505: 1493: 1481: 1469: 1424:Ford Thunderbird 1392:Cadillac Seville 1369: 1357: 1345: 1333: 1321: 1290: 1279:Ford Thunderbird 1246: 1234: 1222: 1210: 1198: 1186: 1117:Unibody vehicles 1054: 1042: 1030: 1018: 1006: 994: 983:Ford Thunderbird 959:Lincoln Premiere 936:Mercury Monterey 930:model, with the 913: 901: 886: 872: 860: 844: 829: 809:Ford flathead V8 764:Lincoln H-series 715:Chrysler Airflow 692: 680: 668: 656: 644: 568:Lincoln K-series 553: 541: 525: 513: 441:Cadillac Model A 240: 203: 113: 111: 106: 103:August 1917 45: 38: 34: 9440: 9439: 9435: 9434: 9433: 9431: 9430: 9429: 9345: 9344: 9343: 9333: 9331: 9321: 9319: 9309: 9307: 9299: 9297: 9292: 9269: 9255: 9204: 9188: 9157: 9133:Shelby American 8999: 8997:performance car 8995: 8993: 8992:Auto component 8983: 8959:Chrysler (list) 8947: 8898:Chrysler (list) 8893:BMW Spartanburg 8874: 8870:Trion Supercars 8807: 8797: 8481:General Motors 8236:American Motors 8221:American Austin 8208: 8202: 8080: 8074: 7981:Holiday Rambler 7873:Lockheed Martin 7826:Harley-Davidson 7680:ATK motorcycles 7653:Massey Ferguson 7631: 7622: 7620: 7614: 7591: 7586: 7556: 7551: 7523: 7444: 7406: 7402:List of leaders 7396: 7388: 7380: 7354: 7340:Proving grounds 7282: 7272: 7267: 7259: 7251: 7243: 7235: 7227: 7219: 7211: 7203: 7195: 7181: 7176: 7168: 7160: 7147: 7134: 7117: 7107: 7046:Daimler Company 6989: 6985:Southern Africa 6879: 6866: 6861: 6853: 6845: 6837: 6829: 6821: 6813: 6805: 6797: 6789: 6775: 6744: 6738: 6733: 6703: 6698: 6687: 6686: 6681: 6680: 6174: 6154: 6124: 6119: 6118: 5656: 5644: 5614: 5609: 5591: 5551: 5489: 5473: 5432: 5416: 5400: 5384: 5321: 5290: 5264: 5243: 5240: 5239: 5233: 5220: 5189: 5166: 5155: 5147: 5103: 5074: 5073: 5070: 5065: 5064: 5054: 5052: 5044: 5043: 5039: 5029: 5027: 5018: 5017: 5013: 5003: 5001: 4991: 4987: 4977: 4975: 4966: 4965: 4958: 4948: 4946: 4937: 4936: 4927: 4917: 4915: 4905: 4901: 4891: 4889: 4886:SpadeRacing.com 4880: 4879: 4875: 4865: 4863: 4852: 4848: 4835: 4834: 4830: 4821: 4820: 4816: 4806: 4804: 4794: 4790: 4780: 4778: 4769: 4768: 4764: 4754: 4752: 4750:conceptcarz.com 4744: 4743: 4739: 4729: 4727: 4719: 4718: 4714: 4704: 4702: 4694: 4693: 4689: 4679: 4677: 4672: 4671: 4667: 4657: 4655: 4646: 4645: 4641: 4631: 4629: 4624: 4623: 4619: 4609: 4607: 4602: 4601: 4597: 4587: 4585: 4576: 4575: 4568: 4558: 4556: 4549: 4545: 4535: 4533: 4523: 4519: 4509: 4507: 4497: 4490: 4477: 4476: 4472: 4459: 4457: 4446: 4439: 4429: 4427: 4417: 4413: 4400: 4398: 4389: 4388: 4381: 4371: 4369: 4360: 4359: 4355: 4345: 4343: 4334: 4333: 4329: 4319: 4317: 4307: 4303: 4293: 4291: 4282: 4281: 4277: 4268: 4261: 4252: 4250: 4244: 4243: 4239: 4230: 4228: 4222: 4221: 4217: 4207: 4205: 4201: 4200: 4196: 4189: 4173: 4169: 4160: 4158: 4152: 4151: 4147: 4137: 4135: 4126: 4125: 4121: 4111: 4109: 4102: 4098: 4088: 4086: 4079: 4075: 4065: 4063: 4053: 4049: 4039: 4037: 4029:Loidl, Gerald. 4027: 4023: 4013: 4011: 4008:How Stuff Works 4002: 4001: 3997: 3987: 3985: 3977: 3976: 3972: 3962: 3960: 3953:How Stuff Works 3947: 3946: 3942: 3932: 3930: 3927:How Stuff Works 3921: 3920: 3916: 3906: 3904: 3901:How Stuff Works 3895: 3894: 3887: 3868: 3864: 3857: 3843: 3830: 3819: 3815: 3805: 3803: 3794: 3793: 3789: 3779: 3777: 3766: 3762: 3755: 3741: 3737: 3727: 3725: 3710: 3702:McCusker, J. J. 3690: 3682:McCusker, J. J. 3678: 3663: 3653: 3651: 3650:on June 8, 2017 3644:conceptcarz.com 3638: 3637: 3616: 3606: 3604: 3603:(Press release) 3595: 3594: 3590: 3580: 3578: 3568: 3564: 3550: 3548: 3544: 3537: 3531: 3530: 3507: 3497: 3495: 3493: 3477: 3473: 3463: 3461: 3456: 3455: 3451: 3441: 3439: 3431: 3430: 3423: 3413: 3411: 3400: 3396: 3386: 3384: 3379: 3378: 3374: 3364: 3362: 3349: 3348: 3344: 3330: 3328: 3324: 3317: 3311: 3310: 3303: 3293: 3291: 3289: 3273: 3266: 3256: 3254: 3249: 3248: 3244: 3239: 3077:Robert McNamara 2865:Lincoln Model K 2810: 2784:Trans-Am Series 2777: 2746:Lincoln Corsair 2708:Lincoln Aviator 2676: 2670: 2657:American luxury 2645: 2628: 2607: 2599:Lincoln Corsair 2594: 2586: 2571: 2547:knock-down kits 2535: 2516: 2505: 2496: 2489: 2486: 2477: 2474: 2465: 2462: 2453: 2450: 2441: 2440:Lincoln Corsair 2438: 2429: 2426: 2414:Lincoln Corsair 2409: 2402: 2399: 2390: 2387: 2378: 2375: 2366: 2363: 2354: 2351: 2342: 2339: 2330: 2327: 2250: 2237:The Way Forward 2225: 2218: 2215: 2206: 2203: 2194: 2191: 2182: 2179: 2170: 2169:2004 Lincoln LS 2167: 2158: 2155: 2146: 2143: 2079:Lincoln Mark LT 2068:Lincoln Aviator 2049:Cadillac Catera 2036: 2028:Chevrolet Tahoe 1988:Ford Expedition 1972: 1965: 1962: 1953: 1950: 1941: 1938: 1929: 1926: 1898: 1891: 1888: 1879: 1876: 1867: 1864: 1855: 1852: 1843: 1840: 1831: 1828: 1765: 1758: 1755: 1746: 1743: 1734: 1731: 1711:Ford Mustang GT 1686: 1679: 1676: 1667: 1664: 1655: 1652: 1643: 1640: 1631: 1628: 1619: 1616: 1563:(Electras) and 1516: 1509: 1506: 1497: 1494: 1485: 1482: 1473: 1470: 1416: 1404:Mercury Monarch 1380: 1373: 1370: 1361: 1358: 1349: 1346: 1337: 1334: 1325: 1322: 1301: 1294: 1291: 1257: 1250: 1247: 1238: 1235: 1226: 1223: 1214: 1211: 1202: 1199: 1190: 1187: 1163:Robert McNamara 1158: 1119: 1071: 1065: 1058: 1055: 1046: 1043: 1034: 1031: 1022: 1019: 1010: 1007: 998: 995: 975:Wixom, Michigan 927: 920: 914: 905: 902: 893: 887: 876: 873: 864: 861: 852: 845: 836: 830: 813:pontoon styling 774: 762:Main articles: 760: 740: 734: 703: 696: 693: 684: 681: 672: 669: 660: 657: 648: 645: 586:Lincoln Model K 574: 566:Main articles: 564: 557: 554: 545: 542: 533: 526: 517: 514: 486:Calvin Coolidge 454:, and the 1906 421: 405:Lincoln Model L 353: 348: 293:Abraham Lincoln 289:Henry M. Leland 236: 199: 192: 168: 161: 157: 133: 126:Henry M. Leland 109: 107: 104: 85: 62: 31: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 9438: 9428: 9427: 9422: 9417: 9412: 9407: 9402: 9397: 9392: 9387: 9382: 9377: 9372: 9367: 9362: 9357: 9342: 9341: 9329: 9317: 9294: 9293: 9291: 9290: 9280: 9268: 9267: 9264: 9260: 9257: 9256: 9254: 9253: 9248: 9243: 9238: 9233: 9228: 9223: 9218: 9212: 9210: 9209:Related topics 9206: 9205: 9203: 9202: 9196: 9194: 9190: 9189: 9187: 9186: 9181: 9176: 9171: 9165: 9163: 9162:Design studios 9159: 9158: 9156: 9155: 9150: 9145: 9140: 9135: 9130: 9125: 9120: 9119: 9118: 9108: 9103: 9098: 9093: 9091:Ingersoll Rand 9088: 9083: 9082: 9081: 9071: 9066: 9061: 9056: 9054:Detroit Diesel 9051: 9050: 9049: 9039: 9034: 9029: 9024: 9019: 9014: 9009: 9003: 9001: 8989: 8988: 8985: 8984: 8982: 8981: 8976: 8971: 8966: 8961: 8955: 8953: 8949: 8948: 8946: 8945: 8940: 8935: 8930: 8925: 8920: 8915: 8910: 8905: 8900: 8895: 8889: 8887: 8880: 8876: 8875: 8873: 8872: 8867: 8862: 8857: 8852: 8847: 8845:Faraday Future 8842: 8837: 8832: 8827: 8822: 8817: 8811: 8809: 8808:pre-production 8803: 8802: 8799: 8798: 8796: 8795: 8790: 8785: 8780: 8775: 8770: 8765: 8760: 8758:United Defense 8755: 8750: 8749: 8748: 8738: 8737: 8736: 8731: 8721: 8716: 8711: 8706: 8701: 8696: 8691: 8686: 8681: 8676: 8671: 8666: 8661: 8656: 8651: 8646: 8645: 8644: 8634: 8629: 8624: 8623: 8622: 8617: 8614: 8609: 8604: 8594: 8589: 8584: 8579: 8574: 8569: 8564: 8559: 8558: 8557: 8552: 8547: 8542: 8537: 8532: 8527: 8522: 8517: 8512: 8507: 8502: 8497: 8492: 8487: 8479: 8474: 8473: 8472: 8467: 8462: 8454: 8449: 8444: 8439: 8434: 8429: 8428: 8427: 8422: 8414: 8409: 8404: 8403: 8402: 8397: 8392: 8387: 8382: 8372: 8367: 8362: 8357: 8352: 8347: 8342: 8337: 8332: 8327: 8322: 8317: 8312: 8307: 8302: 8297: 8292: 8287: 8282: 8277: 8272: 8267: 8266: 8265: 8260: 8255: 8254: 8253: 8248: 8233: 8228: 8223: 8218: 8216:Allis-Chalmers 8212: 8210: 8204: 8203: 8201: 8200: 8195: 8190: 8185: 8180: 8179: 8178: 8173: 8168: 8163: 8153: 8152: 8151: 8141: 8140: 8139: 8129: 8124: 8119: 8118: 8117: 8107: 8106: 8105: 8095: 8090: 8084: 8082: 8076: 8075: 8073: 8072: 8067: 8065:VLF Automotive 8062: 8057: 8052: 8047: 8046: 8045: 8040: 8035: 8025: 8020: 8015: 8010: 8005: 8000: 7998:Rezvani Motors 7995: 7994: 7993: 7988: 7983: 7978: 7968: 7967: 7966: 7961: 7956: 7946: 7941: 7940: 7939: 7934: 7924: 7923: 7922: 7912: 7911: 7910: 7900: 7895: 7890: 7885: 7880: 7875: 7870: 7865: 7860: 7855: 7850: 7845: 7840: 7839: 7838: 7831:Ingersoll Rand 7828: 7823: 7818: 7813: 7812: 7811: 7806: 7801: 7796: 7791: 7786: 7779:General Motors 7776: 7771: 7770: 7769: 7764: 7754: 7753: 7752: 7747: 7742: 7737: 7732: 7722: 7717: 7712: 7707: 7702: 7697: 7692: 7687: 7682: 7677: 7672: 7667: 7662: 7657: 7656: 7655: 7650: 7639: 7637: 7624: 7616: 7615: 7613: 7612: 7607: 7602: 7596: 7593: 7592: 7585: 7584: 7577: 7570: 7562: 7553: 7552: 7550: 7549: 7539: 7528: 7525: 7524: 7522: 7521: 7516: 7511: 7506: 7504:Kinetic Design 7501: 7496: 7493:Ford v Ferrari 7489: 7482: 7477: 7472: 7465: 7458: 7452: 7450: 7449:Related topics 7446: 7445: 7443: 7442: 7441: 7440: 7430: 7425: 7420: 7414: 7412: 7408: 7407: 7405: 7404: 7399: 7391: 7383: 7375: 7370: 7364: 7362: 7356: 7355: 7353: 7352: 7347: 7342: 7337: 7332: 7331: 7330: 7320: 7315: 7310: 7309: 7308: 7303: 7292: 7286: 7284: 7281:Facilities and 7278: 7277: 7274: 7273: 7271: 7270: 7262: 7260:(South Africa) 7254: 7246: 7238: 7230: 7222: 7214: 7206: 7198: 7189: 7187: 7183: 7182: 7180: 7179: 7171: 7163: 7155: 7150: 7142: 7137: 7128: 7126: 7119: 7113: 7112: 7109: 7108: 7106: 7105: 7100: 7095: 7090: 7085: 7080: 7075: 7070: 7065: 7060: 7055: 7050: 7049: 7048: 7038: 7033: 7028: 7023: 7018: 7016:Ford Aerospace 7013: 7008: 7003: 6997: 6995: 6991: 6990: 6988: 6987: 6982: 6977: 6972: 6967: 6966: 6965: 6963:United Kingdom 6960: 6955: 6950: 6945: 6940: 6930: 6925: 6920: 6915: 6910: 6905: 6900: 6894: 6892: 6885: 6881: 6880: 6873: 6871: 6868: 6867: 6865: 6864: 6856: 6848: 6840: 6832: 6824: 6816: 6808: 6800: 6792: 6783: 6781: 6777: 6776: 6774: 6773: 6768: 6767: 6766: 6755: 6753: 6746: 6740: 6739: 6732: 6731: 6724: 6717: 6709: 6700: 6699: 6695: 6694: 6677: 6673: 6672: 6670: 6668: 6663: 6661: 6656: 6654: 6649: 6647: 6645: 6643: 6637: 6636: 6631: 6626: 6621: 6616: 6611: 6609: 6607: 6606:Full-size SUV 6603: 6602: 6600: 6598: 6596: 6591: 6589: 6587: 6585: 6578: 6577: 6575: 6570: 6568: 6566: 6564: 6563:Full-size CUV 6560: 6559: 6554: 6552: 6550: 6548: 6545: 6544: 6539: 6530: 6525: 6523: 6521: 6519: 6515: 6514: 6509: 6504: 6502: 6500: 6498: 6496: 6489: 6488: 6486: 6484: 6482: 6480: 6475: 6470: 6465: 6459: 6458: 6456: 6454: 6449: 6444: 6439: 6433: 6432: 6430: 6425: 6420: 6418: 6416: 6414: 6408: 6407: 6405: 6403: 6401: 6396: 6394: 6391: 6390: 6385: 6383: 6378: 6373: 6371: 6366: 6361: 6356: 6354: 6349: 6343: 6342: 6339: 6336: 6333: 6330: 6327: 6324: 6321: 6318: 6315: 6312: 6309: 6306: 6303: 6300: 6297: 6294: 6291: 6288: 6285: 6282: 6279: 6276: 6273: 6270: 6267: 6264: 6261: 6258: 6255: 6252: 6249: 6246: 6243: 6240: 6237: 6234: 6231: 6228: 6225: 6222: 6219: 6216: 6213: 6210: 6207: 6203: 6202: 6199: 6196: 6193: 6190: 6187: 6179: 6176: 6175: 6153: 6152: 6145: 6138: 6130: 6121: 6120: 6115: 6114: 6109: 6104: 6099: 6097: 6095: 6090: 6088: 6086: 6081: 6076: 6074: 6072: 6066: 6065: 6063: 6061: 6056: 6054: 6052: 6050: 6045: 6043: 6041: 6035: 6034: 6032: 6030: 6025: 6023: 6021: 6016: 6011: 6006: 6000: 5999: 5994: 5989: 5984: 5979: 5974: 5972: 5970: 5968: 5962: 5961: 5956: 5951: 5946: 5941: 5936: 5931: 5926: 5921: 5916: 5911: 5909:Lincoln-Zephyr 5906: 5904: 5902: 5896: 5895: 5890: 5888: 5886: 5884: 5882: 5877: 5875: 5873: 5871: 5865: 5864: 5861: 5858: 5855: 5852: 5849: 5846: 5843: 5840: 5837: 5834: 5831: 5828: 5825: 5822: 5819: 5816: 5813: 5810: 5807: 5804: 5801: 5798: 5795: 5792: 5789: 5786: 5783: 5780: 5777: 5774: 5771: 5768: 5765: 5762: 5759: 5756: 5753: 5750: 5747: 5744: 5741: 5738: 5735: 5732: 5729: 5726: 5723: 5720: 5717: 5714: 5711: 5708: 5705: 5702: 5699: 5696: 5693: 5689: 5688: 5685: 5682: 5679: 5676: 5673: 5670: 5662: 5661: 5658: 5657: 5643: 5642: 5635: 5628: 5620: 5611: 5610: 5608: 5607: 5596: 5593: 5592: 5590: 5589: 5584: 5579: 5574: 5569: 5561: 5559: 5553: 5552: 5550: 5549: 5544: 5539: 5534: 5529: 5524: 5519: 5514: 5509: 5503: 5501: 5495: 5494: 5491: 5490: 5488: 5487: 5481: 5479: 5475: 5474: 5472: 5471: 5466: 5461: 5456: 5451: 5446: 5440: 5438: 5434: 5433: 5431: 5430: 5424: 5422: 5418: 5417: 5415: 5414: 5408: 5406: 5402: 5401: 5399: 5398: 5392: 5390: 5386: 5385: 5383: 5382: 5377: 5376: 5375: 5370: 5365: 5360: 5355: 5350: 5345: 5335: 5329: 5327: 5323: 5322: 5320: 5319: 5314: 5309: 5304: 5298: 5296: 5292: 5291: 5289: 5288: 5283: 5278: 5272: 5270: 5266: 5265: 5263: 5262: 5256: 5254: 5247: 5235: 5234: 5227: 5225: 5222: 5221: 5219: 5218: 5213: 5208: 5203: 5197: 5195: 5191: 5190: 5188: 5187: 5181: 5179: 5172: 5168: 5167: 5160: 5157: 5156: 5146: 5145: 5138: 5131: 5123: 5117: 5116: 5111: 5085: 5069: 5068:External links 5066: 5063: 5062: 5037: 5011: 4985: 4956: 4925: 4899: 4873: 4846: 4828: 4814: 4788: 4762: 4737: 4712: 4687: 4665: 4639: 4617: 4595: 4566: 4543: 4517: 4488: 4470: 4437: 4411: 4379: 4368:. June 8, 2007 4353: 4327: 4301: 4290:. June 8, 2007 4275: 4259: 4237: 4215: 4194: 4187: 4167: 4145: 4119: 4096: 4073: 4047: 4021: 4010:. June 8, 2007 3995: 3970: 3940: 3914: 3885: 3862: 3855: 3828: 3813: 3787: 3760: 3753: 3735: 3719:1800–present: 3661: 3614: 3588: 3562: 3505: 3491: 3471: 3449: 3421: 3408:Car and Driver 3394: 3381:"Joy Falotico" 3372: 3342: 3301: 3287: 3264: 3241: 3240: 3238: 3235: 3232: 3231: 3227: 3217: 3214: 3211: 3208: 3199: 3187: 3186: 3171: 3161: 3155: 3149: 3146: 3137: 3125: 3124: 3120: 3114: 3111: 3105: 3102: 3093: 3081: 3080: 3073: 3060: 3057: 3051: 3048: 3038: 3026: 3025: 3017: 3007: 3001: 2995: 2989: 2980: 2967: 2966: 2956: 2946: 2940: 2926: 2923: 2914: 2902: 2901: 2895: 2885: 2879: 2873: 2870: 2861: 2848: 2847: 2844: 2841: 2838: 2835: 2832: 2829: 2809: 2806: 2776: 2773: 2770: 2769: 2766: 2763: 2757: 2756: 2753: 2748: 2742: 2741: 2738: 2729: 2723: 2722: 2719: 2710: 2704: 2703: 2700: 2695: 2689: 2688: 2685: 2682: 2669: 2666: 2665: 2664: 2661: 2658: 2655: 2652: 2649: 2644: 2641: 2627: 2624: 2606: 2603: 2593: 2590: 2585: 2582: 2574:Ford of Europe 2570: 2567: 2534: 2531: 2519:Ford Australia 2515: 2512: 2504: 2501: 2495: 2492: 2491: 2490: 2487: 2480: 2478: 2476:Lincoln Zephyr 2475: 2468: 2466: 2463: 2456: 2454: 2451: 2444: 2442: 2439: 2432: 2430: 2427: 2420: 2408: 2405: 2404: 2403: 2400: 2393: 2391: 2388: 2381: 2379: 2376: 2369: 2367: 2364: 2357: 2355: 2352: 2345: 2343: 2340: 2333: 2331: 2328: 2321: 2249: 2246: 2224: 2221: 2220: 2219: 2216: 2209: 2207: 2204: 2197: 2195: 2192: 2185: 2183: 2180: 2173: 2171: 2168: 2161: 2159: 2156: 2149: 2147: 2144: 2137: 2035: 2032: 1971: 1968: 1967: 1966: 1963: 1956: 1954: 1951: 1944: 1942: 1939: 1932: 1930: 1927: 1920: 1897: 1894: 1893: 1892: 1889: 1882: 1880: 1877: 1870: 1868: 1865: 1858: 1856: 1853: 1846: 1844: 1841: 1834: 1832: 1829: 1822: 1764: 1761: 1760: 1759: 1756: 1749: 1747: 1744: 1737: 1735: 1732: 1725: 1700:For 1984, the 1688:For 1980, the 1685: 1682: 1681: 1680: 1677: 1670: 1668: 1665: 1658: 1656: 1653: 1646: 1644: 1641: 1634: 1632: 1629: 1622: 1620: 1617: 1610: 1515: 1512: 1511: 1510: 1507: 1500: 1498: 1495: 1488: 1486: 1483: 1476: 1474: 1471: 1464: 1415: 1412: 1379: 1376: 1375: 1374: 1371: 1364: 1362: 1359: 1352: 1350: 1347: 1340: 1338: 1335: 1328: 1326: 1323: 1316: 1300: 1297: 1296: 1295: 1292: 1285: 1256: 1253: 1252: 1251: 1248: 1241: 1239: 1236: 1229: 1227: 1224: 1217: 1215: 1212: 1205: 1203: 1200: 1193: 1191: 1188: 1181: 1157: 1154: 1118: 1115: 1067:Main article: 1064: 1061: 1060: 1059: 1056: 1049: 1047: 1044: 1037: 1035: 1032: 1025: 1023: 1020: 1013: 1011: 1008: 1001: 999: 996: 989: 971:Wixom Assembly 955:Lincoln Futura 951:Mercury XM-800 926: 923: 922: 921: 915: 908: 906: 903: 896: 894: 888: 881: 878: 877: 874: 867: 865: 862: 855: 853: 846: 839: 837: 834:Lincoln Zephyr 831: 824: 783:Lincoln Custom 768:Lincoln Custom 759: 756: 744:E. T. Gregorie 736:Main article: 733: 730: 707:Lincoln-Zephyr 702: 699: 698: 697: 694: 687: 685: 682: 675: 673: 670: 663: 661: 658: 651: 649: 646: 639: 572:Lincoln-Zephyr 563: 560: 559: 558: 555: 548: 546: 543: 536: 534: 527: 520: 518: 515: 508: 420: 417: 365:William Durant 361:General Motors 352: 349: 347: 344: 255:luxury vehicle 242: 241: 234: 230: 229: 228:(1922–present) 223: 217: 216: 211: 207: 206: 200: 197: 194: 193: 191: 190: 184: 178: 171: 169: 166: 163: 162: 159: 153: 151: 147: 146: 139: 135: 134: 132: 131: 130:Wilfred Leland 128: 122: 120: 116: 115: 101: 97: 96: 91: 87: 86: 84: 83: 82:(1922–present) 77: 70: 68: 64: 63: 61: 60: 57: 53: 51: 47: 46: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 9437: 9426: 9423: 9421: 9418: 9416: 9413: 9411: 9408: 9406: 9403: 9401: 9398: 9396: 9393: 9391: 9388: 9386: 9383: 9381: 9378: 9376: 9373: 9371: 9368: 9366: 9363: 9361: 9358: 9356: 9353: 9352: 9350: 9340: 9339:United States 9330: 9328: 9318: 9316: 9306: 9305: 9302: 9289: 9285: 9281: 9279: 9271: 9270: 9265: 9262: 9261: 9258: 9252: 9249: 9247: 9244: 9242: 9239: 9237: 9234: 9232: 9229: 9227: 9224: 9222: 9219: 9217: 9214: 9213: 9211: 9207: 9201: 9200:Massachusetts 9198: 9197: 9195: 9191: 9185: 9182: 9180: 9177: 9175: 9172: 9170: 9167: 9166: 9164: 9160: 9154: 9151: 9149: 9146: 9144: 9141: 9139: 9136: 9134: 9131: 9129: 9126: 9124: 9121: 9117: 9114: 9113: 9112: 9109: 9107: 9104: 9102: 9099: 9097: 9094: 9092: 9089: 9087: 9084: 9080: 9077: 9076: 9075: 9072: 9070: 9067: 9065: 9062: 9060: 9057: 9055: 9052: 9048: 9045: 9044: 9043: 9040: 9038: 9035: 9033: 9032:Callaway Cars 9030: 9028: 9025: 9023: 9020: 9018: 9015: 9013: 9010: 9008: 9005: 9004: 9002: 8998: 8990: 8980: 8977: 8975: 8972: 8970: 8967: 8965: 8962: 8960: 8957: 8956: 8954: 8950: 8944: 8941: 8939: 8936: 8934: 8931: 8929: 8926: 8924: 8921: 8919: 8916: 8914: 8911: 8909: 8906: 8904: 8901: 8899: 8896: 8894: 8891: 8890: 8888: 8884: 8881: 8877: 8871: 8868: 8866: 8863: 8861: 8858: 8856: 8853: 8851: 8848: 8846: 8843: 8841: 8838: 8836: 8835:Commuter Cars 8833: 8831: 8828: 8826: 8823: 8821: 8820:Aptera Motors 8818: 8816: 8813: 8812: 8810: 8804: 8794: 8791: 8789: 8786: 8784: 8781: 8779: 8776: 8774: 8771: 8769: 8766: 8764: 8761: 8759: 8756: 8754: 8751: 8747: 8744: 8743: 8742: 8739: 8735: 8732: 8730: 8727: 8726: 8725: 8722: 8720: 8717: 8715: 8712: 8710: 8707: 8705: 8702: 8700: 8697: 8695: 8692: 8690: 8687: 8685: 8682: 8680: 8677: 8675: 8672: 8670: 8667: 8665: 8662: 8660: 8657: 8655: 8652: 8650: 8647: 8643: 8640: 8639: 8638: 8635: 8633: 8630: 8628: 8625: 8621: 8618: 8615: 8613: 8610: 8608: 8605: 8603: 8600: 8599: 8598: 8597:Kaiser-Frazer 8595: 8593: 8590: 8588: 8585: 8583: 8580: 8578: 8575: 8573: 8570: 8568: 8565: 8563: 8560: 8556: 8553: 8551: 8548: 8546: 8543: 8541: 8540:Scripps-Booth 8538: 8536: 8533: 8531: 8528: 8526: 8523: 8521: 8518: 8516: 8513: 8511: 8508: 8506: 8503: 8501: 8498: 8496: 8493: 8491: 8488: 8486: 8483: 8482: 8480: 8478: 8475: 8471: 8468: 8466: 8463: 8461: 8458: 8457: 8455: 8453: 8450: 8448: 8445: 8443: 8440: 8438: 8435: 8433: 8430: 8426: 8423: 8421: 8418: 8417: 8415: 8413: 8410: 8408: 8405: 8401: 8398: 8396: 8393: 8391: 8388: 8386: 8383: 8381: 8378: 8377: 8376: 8373: 8371: 8368: 8366: 8363: 8361: 8358: 8356: 8353: 8351: 8348: 8346: 8343: 8341: 8338: 8336: 8333: 8331: 8328: 8326: 8323: 8321: 8318: 8316: 8313: 8311: 8308: 8306: 8303: 8301: 8298: 8296: 8293: 8291: 8288: 8286: 8283: 8281: 8278: 8276: 8273: 8271: 8268: 8264: 8261: 8259: 8256: 8252: 8249: 8247: 8244: 8243: 8242: 8239: 8238: 8237: 8234: 8232: 8229: 8227: 8224: 8222: 8219: 8217: 8214: 8213: 8211: 8205: 8199: 8196: 8194: 8191: 8189: 8186: 8184: 8181: 8177: 8174: 8172: 8169: 8167: 8164: 8162: 8159: 8158: 8157: 8154: 8150: 8147: 8146: 8145: 8142: 8138: 8135: 8134: 8133: 8130: 8128: 8125: 8123: 8122:Mercedes-Benz 8120: 8116: 8113: 8112: 8111: 8108: 8104: 8101: 8100: 8099: 8096: 8094: 8093:Daimler Truck 8091: 8089: 8086: 8085: 8083: 8077: 8071: 8068: 8066: 8063: 8061: 8058: 8056: 8053: 8051: 8048: 8044: 8041: 8039: 8036: 8034: 8031: 8030: 8029: 8026: 8024: 8021: 8019: 8018:Superformance 8016: 8014: 8011: 8009: 8006: 8004: 8001: 7999: 7996: 7992: 7991:Wheeled Coach 7989: 7987: 7984: 7982: 7979: 7977: 7974: 7973: 7972: 7969: 7965: 7962: 7960: 7957: 7955: 7952: 7951: 7950: 7947: 7945: 7942: 7938: 7935: 7933: 7930: 7929: 7928: 7925: 7921: 7918: 7917: 7916: 7913: 7909: 7906: 7905: 7904: 7901: 7899: 7896: 7894: 7891: 7889: 7886: 7884: 7881: 7879: 7876: 7874: 7871: 7869: 7866: 7864: 7861: 7859: 7856: 7854: 7851: 7849: 7846: 7844: 7841: 7837: 7834: 7833: 7832: 7829: 7827: 7824: 7822: 7819: 7817: 7814: 7810: 7807: 7805: 7802: 7800: 7797: 7795: 7792: 7790: 7787: 7785: 7782: 7781: 7780: 7777: 7775: 7772: 7768: 7765: 7763: 7760: 7759: 7758: 7755: 7751: 7750:Starcraft Bus 7748: 7746: 7743: 7741: 7738: 7736: 7733: 7731: 7728: 7727: 7726: 7723: 7721: 7718: 7716: 7713: 7711: 7708: 7706: 7703: 7701: 7698: 7696: 7695:Callaway Cars 7693: 7691: 7688: 7686: 7683: 7681: 7678: 7676: 7673: 7671: 7668: 7666: 7663: 7661: 7658: 7654: 7651: 7649: 7646: 7645: 7644: 7641: 7640: 7638: 7635: 7628: 7625: 7621:manufacturers 7617: 7611: 7608: 7606: 7603: 7601: 7598: 7597: 7594: 7590: 7583: 7578: 7576: 7571: 7569: 7564: 7563: 7560: 7548: 7540: 7538: 7530: 7529: 7526: 7520: 7517: 7515: 7512: 7510: 7507: 7505: 7502: 7500: 7497: 7495: 7494: 7490: 7488: 7487: 7486:The Ford Show 7483: 7481: 7478: 7476: 7473: 7471: 7470: 7466: 7464: 7463: 7459: 7457: 7454: 7453: 7451: 7447: 7439: 7436: 7435: 7434: 7431: 7429: 7426: 7424: 7421: 7419: 7416: 7415: 7413: 7409: 7403: 7400: 7395: 7392: 7387: 7384: 7379: 7376: 7374: 7371: 7369: 7366: 7365: 7363: 7361: 7357: 7351: 7348: 7346: 7345:Transmissions 7343: 7341: 7338: 7336: 7333: 7329: 7326: 7325: 7324: 7321: 7319: 7316: 7314: 7311: 7307: 7304: 7302: 7299: 7298: 7296: 7293: 7291: 7288: 7287: 7285: 7279: 7266: 7263: 7258: 7255: 7250: 7247: 7242: 7239: 7234: 7231: 7226: 7223: 7218: 7215: 7210: 7207: 7202: 7199: 7194: 7191: 7190: 7188: 7184: 7175: 7172: 7167: 7164: 7159: 7156: 7154: 7151: 7146: 7143: 7141: 7138: 7133: 7130: 7129: 7127: 7123: 7120: 7118:shareholdings 7114: 7104: 7101: 7099: 7096: 7094: 7091: 7089: 7086: 7084: 7081: 7079: 7076: 7074: 7071: 7069: 7066: 7064: 7061: 7059: 7056: 7054: 7051: 7047: 7044: 7043: 7042: 7039: 7037: 7034: 7032: 7029: 7027: 7024: 7022: 7019: 7017: 7014: 7012: 7009: 7007: 7004: 7002: 6999: 6998: 6996: 6992: 6986: 6983: 6981: 6978: 6976: 6973: 6971: 6968: 6964: 6961: 6959: 6956: 6954: 6951: 6949: 6946: 6944: 6941: 6939: 6936: 6935: 6934: 6931: 6929: 6926: 6924: 6921: 6919: 6916: 6914: 6911: 6909: 6906: 6904: 6901: 6899: 6896: 6895: 6893: 6889: 6886: 6882: 6877: 6860: 6857: 6852: 6849: 6844: 6841: 6836: 6833: 6828: 6825: 6820: 6817: 6812: 6809: 6804: 6801: 6796: 6793: 6788: 6785: 6784: 6782: 6778: 6772: 6769: 6765: 6762: 6761: 6760: 6757: 6756: 6754: 6750: 6747: 6741: 6737: 6730: 6725: 6723: 6718: 6716: 6711: 6710: 6707: 6693: 6675: 6674: 6667: 6660: 6653: 6642: 6639: 6638: 6635: 6630: 6625: 6620: 6615: 6605: 6604: 6595: 6584: 6580: 6579: 6574: 6562: 6561: 6558: 6546: 6543: 6538: 6534: 6529: 6518:Mid-size CUV 6516: 6513: 6508: 6495: 6491: 6490: 6479: 6474: 6469: 6464: 6460: 6453: 6448: 6443: 6438: 6434: 6429: 6424: 6413: 6409: 6400: 6392: 6389: 6382: 6377: 6370: 6365: 6360: 6353: 6348: 6344: 6204: 6186: 6182: 6177: 6172: 6168: 6164: 6161: 6151: 6146: 6144: 6139: 6137: 6132: 6131: 6128: 6113: 6108: 6103: 6094: 6085: 6080: 6071: 6068: 6067: 6060: 6049: 6040: 6037: 6036: 6029: 6020: 6015: 6010: 6005: 6002: 6001: 5998: 5993: 5988: 5983: 5978: 5967: 5963: 5960: 5955: 5950: 5945: 5940: 5935: 5930: 5925: 5920: 5915: 5910: 5901: 5897: 5894: 5881: 5870: 5867: 5866: 5690: 5669: 5665: 5659: 5655: 5648: 5641: 5636: 5634: 5629: 5627: 5622: 5621: 5618: 5606: 5598: 5597: 5594: 5588: 5587:1989 Town Car 5585: 5583: 5580: 5578: 5575: 5573: 5570: 5568: 5567: 5563: 5562: 5560: 5558: 5554: 5548: 5545: 5543: 5540: 5538: 5535: 5533: 5530: 5528: 5525: 5523: 5520: 5518: 5515: 5513: 5510: 5508: 5505: 5504: 5502: 5500: 5496: 5486: 5483: 5482: 5480: 5476: 5470: 5467: 5465: 5462: 5460: 5457: 5455: 5452: 5450: 5447: 5445: 5442: 5441: 5439: 5435: 5429: 5426: 5425: 5423: 5419: 5413: 5410: 5409: 5407: 5403: 5397: 5394: 5393: 5391: 5387: 5381: 5378: 5374: 5371: 5369: 5366: 5364: 5361: 5359: 5356: 5354: 5351: 5349: 5346: 5344: 5341: 5340: 5339: 5336: 5334: 5331: 5330: 5328: 5324: 5318: 5315: 5313: 5310: 5308: 5305: 5303: 5300: 5299: 5297: 5293: 5287: 5284: 5282: 5279: 5277: 5274: 5273: 5271: 5267: 5261: 5258: 5257: 5255: 5251: 5248: 5245: 5244:introduction) 5238:Discontinued 5236: 5231: 5217: 5214: 5212: 5209: 5207: 5204: 5202: 5199: 5198: 5196: 5192: 5186: 5183: 5182: 5180: 5176: 5173: 5169: 5164: 5158: 5154: 5151: 5144: 5139: 5137: 5132: 5130: 5125: 5124: 5121: 5115: 5112: 5110: 5106: 5101: 5097: 5096: 5091: 5086: 5083: 5077: 5072: 5071: 5051: 5047: 5041: 5025: 5021: 5015: 5000: 4996: 4989: 4973: 4969: 4963: 4961: 4944: 4940: 4934: 4932: 4930: 4914: 4910: 4903: 4887: 4883: 4877: 4861: 4857: 4850: 4842: 4838: 4832: 4824: 4818: 4803: 4799: 4792: 4776: 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1577: 1573: 1572:Edsel Ford II 1568: 1566: 1562: 1558: 1554: 1550: 1544: 1542: 1538: 1533: 1527: 1525: 1521: 1504: 1499: 1492: 1487: 1480: 1475: 1468: 1463: 1462: 1461: 1457: 1455: 1450: 1448: 1444: 1440: 1436: 1432: 1427: 1425: 1421: 1411: 1407: 1405: 1401: 1397: 1393: 1384: 1368: 1363: 1356: 1351: 1344: 1339: 1332: 1327: 1320: 1315: 1314: 1313: 1309: 1305: 1289: 1284: 1283: 1282: 1280: 1274: 1271: 1267: 1263: 1245: 1240: 1233: 1228: 1221: 1216: 1209: 1204: 1197: 1192: 1185: 1180: 1179: 1178: 1174: 1172: 1171:suicide doors 1166: 1164: 1153: 1149: 1147: 1142: 1140: 1136: 1135:5 mph bumpers 1132: 1123: 1114: 1112: 1107: 1105: 1099: 1097: 1091: 1089: 1083: 1075: 1070: 1053: 1048: 1041: 1036: 1029: 1024: 1017: 1012: 1005: 1000: 993: 988: 987: 986: 984: 980: 976: 972: 966: 962: 960: 956: 952: 947: 945: 941: 937: 933: 932:Lincoln Capri 919: 912: 907: 900: 895: 892: 885: 880: 879: 871: 866: 859: 854: 850: 843: 838: 835: 828: 823: 822: 821: 819: 814: 810: 806: 802: 801:Mercury Eight 797: 795: 790: 786: 784: 778: 773: 769: 765: 755: 751: 749: 745: 739: 729: 726: 723: 718: 716: 712: 708: 691: 686: 679: 674: 667: 662: 655: 650: 643: 638: 637: 636: 633: 631: 627: 626:Cadillac V-12 623: 619: 615: 609: 605: 603: 602:Packard Eight 599: 595: 591: 587: 582: 580: 573: 569: 552: 547: 540: 535: 531: 524: 519: 512: 507: 506: 505: 503: 499: 495: 489: 487: 482: 479: 477: 473: 467: 464: 459: 457: 453: 449: 444: 442: 439:and the 1903 438: 434: 430: 426: 416: 412: 408: 406: 400: 397: 395: 391: 387: 382: 378: 374: 368: 366: 362: 358: 343: 339: 335: 333: 329: 324: 322: 318: 314: 310: 306: 302: 298: 294: 290: 285: 283: 279: 274: 272: 268: 264: 260: 256: 252: 248: 239: 235: 231: 227: 224: 222: 218: 215: 212: 208: 202:Dianne Craig 201: 195: 188: 185: 182: 181:North America 179: 176: 173: 172: 170: 164: 156: 152: 148: 144: 140: 136: 129: 127: 124: 123: 121: 117: 102: 98: 95: 92: 88: 81: 78: 75: 72: 71: 69: 65: 58: 55: 54: 52: 48: 44: 39: 33: 29: 22: 9101:Lingenfelter 9069:General Tire 8938:Tesla (list) 8913:Honda (list) 8860:Myers Motors 8806:Concept and 8709:Pierce-Arrow 8664:Monaco Coach 8562:Goshen Coach 8555:Yellow Coach 8365:Diamond-Star 8335:Commonwealth 8081:subsidiaries 7893:Morgan Olson 7878:Lucid Motors 7761: 7730:Champion Bus 7725:Forest River 7675:Armour Group 7491: 7484: 7467: 7460: 7411:Racing teams 7225:Ford Sollers 7166:Ford Vietnam 7145:Changan Ford 7001:Aston Martin 6884:Subsidiaries 6780:Discontinued 6770: 6679: 6641:Pickup truck 6376:Zephyr → MKZ 6184: 6169:division of 6162: 5977:Cosmopolitan 5929:Cosmopolitan 5924:Lincoln (EL) 5667: 5646: 5565: 5557:Presidential 5302:Cosmopolitan 5241: 5149: 5093: 5053:. Retrieved 5049: 5040: 5028:. Retrieved 5023: 5014: 5002:. Retrieved 4998: 4988: 4976:. Retrieved 4971: 4947:. Retrieved 4942: 4916:. Retrieved 4912: 4902: 4890:. Retrieved 4885: 4876: 4864:. Retrieved 4859: 4849: 4840: 4831: 4817: 4805:. Retrieved 4801: 4791: 4779:. Retrieved 4774: 4765: 4753:. Retrieved 4749: 4740: 4730:November 20, 4728:. Retrieved 4724: 4715: 4703:. Retrieved 4699: 4690: 4678:. Retrieved 4668: 4656:. Retrieved 4651: 4642: 4630:. Retrieved 4620: 4608:. Retrieved 4598: 4586:. Retrieved 4581: 4557:. Retrieved 4546: 4534:. Retrieved 4530: 4520: 4508:. Retrieved 4504: 4482: 4473: 4465: 4458:. Retrieved 4428:. Retrieved 4424: 4414: 4406: 4399:. Retrieved 4370:. Retrieved 4365: 4356: 4344:. Retrieved 4340:the original 4330: 4318:. Retrieved 4314: 4304: 4292:. Retrieved 4287: 4278: 4270: 4251:, retrieved 4246: 4240: 4229:, retrieved 4224: 4218: 4206:. Retrieved 4197: 4177: 4170: 4159:, retrieved 4154: 4148: 4136:. Retrieved 4131: 4122: 4110:. Retrieved 4108:. Barn Finds 4099: 4087:. Retrieved 4076: 4066:December 27, 4064:. Retrieved 4060: 4050: 4038:. Retrieved 4034: 4024: 4012:. Retrieved 4007: 3998: 3986:. Retrieved 3982: 3973: 3961:. Retrieved 3957:the original 3952: 3943: 3931:. Retrieved 3926: 3917: 3905:. Retrieved 3900: 3871: 3865: 3846: 3822: 3816: 3804:. Retrieved 3799: 3790: 3778:. Retrieved 3774:the original 3763: 3744: 3738: 3728:February 29, 3726:. Retrieved 3706: 3686: 3652:. Retrieved 3648:the original 3643: 3605:. Retrieved 3600: 3591: 3579:. Retrieved 3576:brandchannel 3575: 3565: 3556: 3549:. Retrieved 3542:the original 3533: 3496:. Retrieved 3481: 3474: 3462:. Retrieved 3452: 3440:. Retrieved 3436: 3412:. Retrieved 3407: 3397: 3385:. Retrieved 3375: 3363:. Retrieved 3359:the original 3354: 3345: 3336: 3329:. Retrieved 3322:the original 3313: 3292:. Retrieved 3277: 3255:. Retrieved 3245: 3205: 3174: 3158: 3157:Gerald Ford 3152: 3143: 3108: 3099: 3070: 3054: 3041: 3004: 2998: 2992: 2986: 2959: 2943: 2929: 2920: 2898: 2882: 2876: 2867: 2811: 2791: 2788: 2781: 2778: 2637: 2633: 2629: 2620: 2616: 2595: 2587: 2572: 2556: 2552: 2543:Hongqi CA770 2536: 2517: 2509: 2506: 2497: 2410: 2316: 2312: 2305: 2297: 2293: 2282: 2275: 2267: 2263: 2251: 2234: 2230: 2226: 2116: 2096: 2087: 2076: 2064: 2053: 2037: 2016: 2012: 1981: 1914: 1910:MN12 chassis 1899: 1817: 1809: 1801: 1797: 1777: 1766: 1719: 1715: 1699: 1695: 1687: 1604:dual airbags 1592: 1587: 1585: 1569: 1556: 1545: 1528: 1517: 1458: 1451: 1428: 1417: 1408: 1400:Ford Granada 1389: 1310: 1306: 1302: 1275: 1258: 1175: 1167: 1159: 1150: 1143: 1128: 1110: 1108: 1100: 1092: 1084: 1080: 967: 963: 948: 928: 798: 791: 787: 779: 775: 752: 741: 727: 719: 704: 634: 610: 606: 590:Cadillac 355 583: 579:Ford Model T 575: 502:Pierce-Arrow 490: 483: 480: 468: 460: 456:Ford Model K 452:Ford Model F 448:Ford Model B 445: 437:Ford Model A 429:Ford Model T 422: 413: 409: 401: 398: 388:, Cadillac, 369: 357:Henry Leland 354: 340: 336: 325: 317:Aston Martin 297:World War II 286: 275: 250: 249:, or simply 246: 245: 150:Headquarters 141:Acquired by 67:Company type 32: 9174:Designworks 9037:Caterpillar 8994:makers and 8964:Ford (list) 8903:Ford (list) 8840:Elio Motors 8460:Continental 8355:Cycle-Scoot 8144:Seres Group 7883:Mack Trucks 7700:Caterpillar 7423:Performance 7373:Ford Family 7297:properties 7158:Ford Otosan 7153:Ford Lio Ho 6975:Philippines 6970:New Zealand 6830:(1938–2011) 6795:Continental 6437:Continental 6428:Continental 6369:Continental 6364:Continental 6359:Continental 6084:Continental 6079:Continental 5959:Continental 5954:Continental 5919:Lincoln (H) 5338:Mark series 5276:Continental 5242:(by date of 5088:‹ The 4949:January 29, 4943:Dallas News 4918:January 29, 4483:Motor Trend 4460:December 3, 4401:December 3, 4346:January 15, 3800:History.com 3699:1700–1799: 3679:1634–1699: 3551:December 3, 3331:December 3, 3071:(1968 car) 2843:On display 2837:Body style 2802:Ford Taurus 2648:Travel well 2584:Middle East 2285:Lincoln MKC 2271:Ford Fusion 2127:Lincoln MKT 2123:Ford Taurus 2119:Lincoln MKS 2108:Lincoln MKR 2100:Lincoln MKX 2091:Ford Fusion 2008:Lexus LX450 1996:Range Rover 1804:Ford Taurus 1596:Ford Taurus 1581:Roger Smith 1565:Oldsmobiles 1557:"The Valet" 1549:Ford Taurus 1520:Malaise era 530:Greta Garbo 476:Rolls-Royce 450:, the 1905 377:World War I 328:Mark series 273:vehicles. 238:lincoln.com 214:Luxury cars 204:(President) 187:Middle East 167:Area served 9405:Car brands 9349:Categories 9148:Torrington 9027:BorgWarner 9022:BFGoodrich 8850:Fisker Inc 8724:Studebaker 8684:New United 8525:Oldsmobile 8515:McLaughlin 8385:Locomobile 8370:Duesenberg 8350:CNH Global 8251:Terraplane 8198:Volkswagen 8156:Stellantis 8127:Mitsubishi 8060:VIA Motors 8055:Ultimaster 8050:Trans Tech 8033:Arctic Cat 7853:John Deere 7843:HDT Global 7745:Glaval Bus 7660:AM General 7623:and brands 7480:Ford Field 7475:Fordlândia 7394:Jim Farley 7378:Henry Ford 7323:Motorcraft 7233:Ford Union 7201:AutoLatina 7058:Land Rover 7031:Ford Japan 7026:Ford India 6980:Quick Lane 6743:Divisions/ 6388:Z (Zephyr) 6352:Versailles 5893:Versailles 5396:Versailles 5286:Zephyr V12 5165:since 1922 5055:January 2, 5030:January 2, 5004:January 2, 4978:January 2, 4802:Wards Auto 4725:ford.co.uk 4208:August 17, 3880:B008G7ICEK 3558:contracts. 3338:contracts. 3237:References 3210:1989-1993 3148:1974-1992 3104:1969-1974 3050:1965-1969 2925:1950-1965 2872:1939-1950 2775:Motorsport 2715:three-row 2255:MKZ Hybrid 2041:Lincoln LS 1992:Ford F-150 1600:Ford Tempo 1524:downsizing 1435:Bill Blass 1090:in price. 944:Hydramatic 748:sectioning 494:Duesenberg 472:Duesenberg 463:Edsel Ford 425:Edsel Ford 313:Land Rover 198:Key people 94:Automotive 9327:Companies 9086:Hennessey 9064:Firestone 8879:Factories 8768:Visionary 8674:MotoCzysz 8642:Roosevelt 8572:GreenTech 8510:Marquette 8495:GM Diesel 8485:Cartercar 8412:Excalibur 8407:Eagle Bus 8207:Defunct / 7976:Fleetwood 7971:REV Group 7937:Peterbilt 7799:Chevrolet 7690:Blue Bird 7456:Big Three 7381:(Founder) 7368:Designers 7335:Platforms 7318:Factories 7236:(Belarus) 6913:Argentina 6908:Australia 6862:(1939–65) 6854:(1946–61) 6846:(1949–76) 6838:(1985–89) 6819:Frontenac 6814:(1917–64) 6806:(1956–59) 6798:(1956–59) 6790:(1960–61) 6652:Blackwood 6634:Navigator 6629:Navigator 6624:Navigator 6619:Navigator 6614:Navigator 6581:Mid-size 6478:Mark VIII 6412:Full-size 6004:Limousine 5900:Full-size 5542:Navicross 5444:Blackwood 5373:Mark VIII 5312:EL-series 5216:Navigator 4892:April 19, 4705:April 16, 4680:April 30, 4658:April 30, 4430:March 29, 3806:March 28, 3581:March 29, 3437:The Verge 3387:March 29, 3365:April 29, 3294:March 28, 2962:Plexiglas 2761:Lincoln Z 2684:Category 2289:Ford Kuga 2131:Ford Flex 2104:Ford Edge 2026:from the 805:EL-series 271:Crossover 253:, is the 175:East Asia 76:(1917–22) 9278:Category 9193:By state 9074:Goodyear 8783:Wildfire 8719:Sterling 8704:Peerless 8632:Marathon 8602:Allstate 8545:Sheridan 8432:Fiberfab 8425:Plymouth 8360:DeLorean 8290:Autoette 8161:Chrysler 8137:Infiniti 8079:Foreign 7932:Kenworth 7903:Navistar 7836:Club Car 7789:Cadillac 7670:Arcimoto 7630:Current 7537:Category 7509:New Edge 7438:Munchi's 7350:Vehicles 7283:products 7268:(Brazil) 7252:(France) 7228:(Russia) 7053:Kwik-Fit 7011:Cosworth 6542:Nautilus 6537:Nautilus 6492:Compact 6452:Town Car 6447:Town Car 6442:Town Car 6347:Mid-size 6159:previous 6102:Mark III 6048:K-Series 6039:Halo car 6014:K-Series 6009:L-Series 5992:Premiere 5987:Premiere 5966:L-Series 5869:Mid-size 5605:Category 5412:Town Car 5380:Premiere 5368:Mark VII 5348:Mark III 5317:H-series 5281:K-series 5260:L-series 5211:Nautilus 5153:vehicles 5090:template 4860:Hemmings 4807:March 7, 4781:March 7, 4632:June 30, 4610:June 30, 4559:July 17, 4536:July 17, 4510:July 17, 4505:cars.com 4454:Archived 4395:Archived 4253:March 2, 4231:March 2, 4161:March 2, 3988:June 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