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on the "customs, religion and physical characteristics of native people." It is devoid of hyperbole and does not use excessive metaphors to validate descriptions. He states things for what they are, not for what he thinks they represent. Other early accounts of the New World emphasized on the idea of prosperity and use adjectives and hyperbole to describe the quantity and quality of its bounty. There is a general tone of optimism that Brazil will provide both spiritual and material gifts. He emphasizes on the "simplicity and good nature" of the indigenous people.
1393:
into four major families with many isolates, and even related languages and dialects were likely to not be mutually intelligible, so they had to communicate through actions and sign languages. They tried to give the natives things to eat such as bread, fish, cakes, honey and even wine. The natives took one taste of the things then spit them all out. They also tried to give them just water but the natives only swashed the water in their mouths, then spit it out. The one thing they did consent to was a cloak they could use to cover themselves while they slept.
36:
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admiration, enchantment and protectionism." He believes that they are part of God's creation; he is respectful and understanding them that is why he calls for syncretism instead of enslavement. During the first mass, the native
Brazilians responded favorably and thus, to Caminha, are worth saving because "they have no apparent trace of spiritual corruption." There is the assumption that it will be easy to convert indigenous people to Christianity.
1603:
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116:
64:, which roughly translates as "Such vastness of the enormous treeline, with abundant foliage, that is incalculable", is one of Pero's most famous descriptions. He describes in a diary from the first journey from Portugal to Brazil and their arrival in this country. This letter is considered to be the first document of Brazilian history as much as its first literary text. The original of this 27-page document can be found in the
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87:
existence. Pero Vaz de
Caminha was the secretary of this fleet; he had been appointed to be the administrator of a trading post to be created in Calicut. Once Cabral had gathered basic facts and had encountered the native people, he took this information and Caminha's letter on a smaller ship back to Lisbon.
1401:
Apart from being the first ever literary description of Brazil, what sets
Caminha's letter apart from other documents like it was his style of writing. Whilst writing this letter, Caminha was not trying to create a literary work but trying to report exactly what he found; it was a detailed commentary
86:
Pedro Álvares Cabral led the largest fleet in the
Portuguese fleet on a mission to Calicut, India, where Vasco da Gama had opened a sea route two years prior. Many historians have debated on the authenticity of this discovery; some have reason to believe that Portugal had prior knowledge of Brazil's
1392:
The admiral of the ship that sailed to Brazil sent
Nicolau Coelho out to interact with the natives. The people they encountered when they arrived in Brazil lived by a mix of hunting-gathering and agriculture. They were brown and reddish-skinned and completely unclothed. Their languages were divided
1327:
They are brown skinned, of a quite reddish complexion, with handsome faces and noses, nicely shaped. They go about naked, without any type of covering. They do not bother to cover their bodies, and show their private parts as readily as they show their faces. In this matter they are of great
1410:
Caminha did not describe the native
Brazilians as bestial and lesser-humans as is common with other early Brazilian narratives. He does not describe them as more or less attractive than they were and seems to be particularly enthralled by their nudity and body paints. He shows "sentiments of
1339:... they are well groomed and very clean. And in that aspect, I am convinced they are like birds, or mountain animals, to whom the air gives better feathers and hair than those of their domesticated counterparts, because their bodies are as clean and as plump and as beautiful as could be!
1380:
One of those young women had the whole body painted from bottom to top with that tincture, and she was so well-shaped and so rounded, and her private parts so graceful that many women of our land, if they had seen her features, would feel embarrassed for not having theirs look like hers.
1349:
They only eat this yam (referring to manioc, then unknown to the
Europeans), which is very plentiful here, and those seeds and fruits that the earth and the trees give of themselves. Nevertheless, they are sturdier, and sleeker than we are despite all the wheat and legumes we eat.
1334:"... andam bem curados, e muito limpos. E naquilo ainda mais me convenço que são como aves, ou alimárias montezinhas, as quais o ar faz melhores penas e melhor cabelo que às mansas, porque os seus corpos são tão limpos e tão gordos e tão formosos que não pode ser mais!
82:
Manuel I ascended the throne at a time when
Portugal was discovering wealth in Africa and the East; he was keen on ensuring Portugal maintained dominance in trade with the East. Portugal had established their presence with enclaves, forts and fortified trading posts.
1323:"A feição deles é serem pardos, um tanto avermelhados, de bons rostos e bons narizes, bem feitos. Andam nus, sem cobertura alguma. Nem fazem mais caso de encobrir ou deixa de encobrir suas vergonhas do que de mostrar a cara. Acerca disso são de grande inocência."
1369:
Walking among them there were three or four women, young and gentle, with their hair very black and very long, loose to their backs; their private parts, so prominent and so neat, and so clean of their hairs that they did not get ashamed when we looked at them.
1365:"Ali andavam entre eles três ou quatro moças, bem novinhas e gentis, com cabelos muito pretos e compridos pelas costas; e suas vergonhas, tão altas e tão cerradinhas e tão limpas das cabeleiras que, de as nós muito bem olharmos, não se envergonhavam."
1376:"E uma daquelas moças era toda tingida de baixo a cima, daquela tintura e certo era tão bem feita e tão redonda, e sua vergonha tão graciosa que a muitas mulheres de nossa terra, vendo-lhe tais feições envergonhara, por não terem as suas como ela."
1345:"E não comem senão deste inhame, de que aqui há muito, e dessas sementes e frutos que a terra e as árvores de si deitam. E com isto andam tais e tão rijos e tão nédios que o não somos nós tanto, com quanto trigo e legumes comemos."
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62:" Esse arvoredo, que é tanto, tamanho, tão basto e de tantas prumagens, que homens as não podem contar."
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Vasco Da Gama and the Age of
Portuguese Expansion: AN Exhibition at the John Carter Brown Library
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Dias, Eduardo Mayone (1992). "Brazil's Birth
Certificate: The Letter of Pero Vaz de Caminha".
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Williams, Jerry M. (1991). "Pero Vaz de Caminha: The Voice of the Luso-Brazilian Chronicle".
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gives what is considered by many today as being one of the most accurate accounts of what
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Nowell, Charles E. (1936). "The Discovery of Brazil-Accidental or Intentional?".
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Comments on the native women, comparing them to European women
1510:(NED - New ed.). Boydell & Brewer. pp. 9–36.
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16:
Letter accounting Portuguese arrival to present-day Brazil
1546:
1744:
Historia verdadera de la conquista de la Nueva España
1547:Danforth, Susan; Fernández-Armesto, Felipe (1998).
1752:The Conquest of America: The Question of the Other
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1728:A Short Account of the Destruction of the Indies
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1630:Excerpts from the Letter of Pero Vaz de Caminha
1551:. Rhode Island: The John Carter Brown Library.
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1799:Portuguese colonization of the Americas
1516:10.7722/j.ctt163tbwt.6#toc_tab_contents
1433:The Hispanic American Historical Review
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1608:the letter of Pero Vaz de Caminha
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1508:Portugal: A Traveller's History
1506:Livermore, Harold, ed. (2004).
1693:Christopher Columbus's journal
1625:A Carta de Pero Vaz de Caminha
1617:A Carta de Pero Vaz de Caminha
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943:1993 Constitutional referendum
933:Impeachment of Fernando Collor
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412:Declaration of Independence
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60:used to look like in 1500.
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1534:10.7722/j.ctt163tbwt.6
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54:Pero Vaz de Caminha
1673:Literature on the
1406:Caminha's opinions
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981:By federative unit
864:Institutional Acts
747:Revolution of 1930
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1189:
1188:Football Team
1185:
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1177:
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987:
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870:
867:
865:
862:
860:
857:
855:
852:
851:
848:
843:
842:
835:
834:Plano Trienal
832:
830:
827:
825:
822:
820:
817:
816:
813:
808:
807:
800:
797:
795:
792:
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768:
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760:
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748:
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741:
738:
737:
734:
729:
728:
721:
718:
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703:
701:
698:
696:
693:
691:
688:
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678:
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661:
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657:
654:
651:
649:
646:
644:
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635:
630:
627:
625:
622:
620:
617:
616:
613:
608:
607:
600:
597:
595:
592:
590:
587:
585:
582:
580:
577:
575:
572:
570:
567:
565:
564:Uruguayan War
562:
560:
557:
555:
552:
550:
547:
545:
542:
540:
537:
535:
532:
531:
528:
525:
524:
520:
517:
515:
512:
510:
507:
505:
502:
500:
497:
495:
492:
490:
487:
486:
483:
480:
479:
475:
472:
470:
467:
465:
462:
460:
457:
455:
452:
450:
447:
446:
443:
440:
439:
436:
431:
430:
423:
420:
418:
415:
413:
410:
408:
405:
404:
401:
396:
395:
388:
385:
383:
380:
378:
375:
373:
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369:
366:
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360:
353:
350:
344:
339:
336:
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304:
301:
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274:
272:
269:
267:
264:
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242:
241:
235:
232:
231:
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227:
225:
222:
218:
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210:
209:
206:
203:
202:
196:
193:
192:
191:
188:
187:
184:
181:
179:
176:
175:
172:
167:
166:
159:
156:
154:
151:
149:
146:
144:
141:
140:
137:
136:Pre-Cabraline
132:
131:
126:
122:
117:
113:
112:
109:
106:
105:
101:
97:
96:
88:
84:
79:
69:
67:
63:
59:
55:
51:
37:
26:
1750:
1742:
1734:
1726:
1721:De Orbe Novo
1719:
1707:
1699:
1691:
1635:(in English)
1579:(2): 59–72.
1576:
1572:
1548:
1542:
1507:
1501:
1476:
1472:
1436:
1432:
1409:
1400:
1391:
1375:
1364:
1344:
1333:
1322:
1164:Constitution
1049:Minas Gerais
928:Plano Collor
902:New Republic
794:World War II
660:Belle Époque
648:Navy Revolts
643:Encilhamento
612:Old Republic
544:Coffee cycle
489:April Revolt
400:Independence
281:Dutch Brazil
256:Bandeirantes
194:
125:Miller Atlas
120:
85:
81:
61:
47:
1328:innocence.
1229:Transgender
1209:Nationality
1039:Mato Grosso
909:Lost Decade
770:Estado Novo
715:World War I
632: [
584:Grande Seca
554:Platine War
499:Malê Revolt
407:Dia do Fico
341: [
318:Guaraní War
298:Mascate War
234:Slave trade
224:Sugar cycle
215: [
205:Captaincies
1778:Categories
1415:References
1069:Pernambuco
948:Plano Real
889:Diretas Já
733:Vargas Era
670:Coronelism
288:Gold cycle
76:See also:
68:, Lisbon.
1675:New World
1254:Conflicts
1224:Socialism
1179:Etymology
1149:Animation
1144:Anarchism
1119:Tocantins
1109:São Paulo
504:Cabanagem
1397:Analysis
1249:Timeline
1242:Research
1204:Military
1184:Football
1094:Rondônia
1034:Maranhão
1004:Amazonas
953:Mensalão
938:Mercosul
514:Balaiada
153:Kuhikugu
100:a series
98:Part of
91:Contents
1585:3513430
1493:1316707
1453:2507557
1174:Ethanol
1169:Economy
1114:Sergipe
1099:Roraima
1059:Paraíba
994:Alagoas
229:Slavery
72:Context
1755:(1982)
1747:(1632)
1739:(1550)
1731:(1552)
1716:(1524)
1710:(1500)
1704:(1498)
1696:(1493)
1688:(1493)
1583:
1532:
1522:
1491:
1451:
1214:Postal
1132:Topics
1064:Paraná
127:, 1519
102:on the
58:Brazil
1581:JSTOR
1530:JSTOR
1489:JSTOR
1449:JSTOR
1388:Other
1074:Piauí
1029:Goiás
1014:Ceará
1009:Bahia
999:Amapá
636:]
345:]
219:]
148:Luzia
1520:ISBN
1194:LGBT
1154:Book
1054:Pará
989:Acre
1512:doi
1481:doi
1441:doi
1780::
1577:28
1575:.
1557:^
1528:.
1518:.
1487:.
1477:27
1475:.
1461:^
1447:.
1437:16
1435:.
1423:^
1336:"
634:pt
343:pt
217:pt
123:,
52:,
1666:e
1659:t
1652:v
1587:.
1536:.
1514::
1495:.
1483::
1455:.
1443::
1303:e
1296:t
1289:v
1190:)
1186:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
