638:, he denied the slain civil rights leader the honor of lying in state in the Georgia state capitol after being told by undercover agents in the Atlanta Police Department that there was a planned storming of the state capitol by participants in the crowd of mourners. No evidence has ever emerged that this was anything more than a rumor; the undercover agents provided no evidence for it other than their statement. As a precaution, Maddox stationed 160 state troopers to surround the capitol. Regardless, the funeral procession, attended by tens of thousands; was entirely peaceful. In 1968, Maddox endorsed the former Democrat
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614:, and Maddox finished second. More than 52,000 wrote in Arnall's name. Under the election rules then in effect, the state legislature was required to elect one of the two candidates with the highest number of votes, which meant that the lawmakers could not consider Arnall. With the legislature overwhelmingly dominated by Democrats, all of whom had been required to sign a Democratic
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951:, said of the former governor: "He had a reputation as a segregationist, but he told us he was not a segregationist, but that you should be able to associate with whoever you wanted. He went on to do more for African Americans than any governor of Georgia up until that time." This view is not universally shared. In its obituary of the former governor,
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out-of-state travelers or integrationists. On
February 5, 1965, a federal court ruled that Maddox was in contempt of court for failing to obey the injunction and assigned fines of two hundred dollars a day for failing to serve African Americans. Maddox ultimately closed his restaurant on February 7, 1965, rather than integrate it; he claimed that
747:; in Georgia, particularly in that era of Democratic dominance, the winners of the primary elections went on to easy victories in the general elections without campaigning together as an official ticket or as running mates. Carter and Maddox found little common ground during their four years of service, often publicly feuding with each other.
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Maddox closed the
Pickrick on August 13 and reopened the business on September 26 as the Lester Maddox Cafeteria, where he pledged to serve only "acceptable" Georgians. During a trial for contempt of court on September 29, Maddox argued against the charges because he was no longer offering service to
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for pickaxe handles) from the nail kegs on each side of the large dining room fireplace. They had been forewarned by the arrival of
Atlanta's news media of an impending attempted invasion of our restaurant by the racial demonstrators and once the demonstrators and agitators arrived, the customers and
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described Maddox as a "far better governor than his critics will ever admit". Blackburn, a former U.S. representative, also noted that no accusation of corruption was made against Maddox, whose administration was characterized by economic development and the appointment of
African Americans to state
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noted that his convictions included "the view that blacks were intellectually inferior to whites, that integration was a
Communist plot, that segregation was somewhere justified in scripture and that a federal mandate to integrate schools was 'ungodly, un-Christian and un-American.'" Despite this,
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In the following years, Maddox proclaimed himself a "Society of
Liberty" martyr intent on opposing a central government which thwarted states' rights and gave special protection to minority groups. He was recognized by his rimless eyeglasses, dome-shaped forehead, bald head, and nervous energy. It
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Maddox gained the approval of segregationists by leasing and then selling the restaurant to employees rather than agreeing to serve black customers. He claimed that the issue was not hostility to blacks, but constitutional property rights. He even built a monument to "private property rights" near
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asked Maddox if he had "any trouble with the white bigots because of all the things you did for blacks". On the air, Cavett substituted the word "admirers" in place of "bigots", enraging Maddox. After demanding an apology from Cavett, and getting a carefully worded form of it, following further
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Maddox integrated the
Georgia State Patrol, appointed the first African American to head a state-wide government department, appointed the first African American Georgia Bureau of Investigation agent, appointed the first African American to a draft board in Georgia, integrated Georgia's farmer's
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Stunned Arnall supporters announced a write-in candidacy for the general election, insisting that
Georgians must have the option of a moderate Democrat beside the conservatives Maddox and Callaway. In his general election campaign, Maddox equated the Callaway Republicans to the
396:. An initial group of black demonstrators came to the restaurant but did not enter when Maddox informed them that he had a large number of black employees. In April 1964, more African Americans attempted to enter the restaurant. Maddox confronted the group with a bare
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Maddox made one final unsuccessful bid for governor in 1990, then underwent heart surgery the following year. In the 1990 Democratic primary for governor, Maddox finished with about three percent of the vote. He remained a visible figure in his home community of
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aboard, a special election was held to fill his seat in
Congress. Lester Maddox stated his intention to run for the seat if McDonald's wife, Kathy McDonald, did not. However, Kathy McDonald decided to run, and Maddox stayed out of the race; she lost to Democrat
335:, and his wife, the former Flonnie Castleberry. Maddox left school shortly before graduation to help support the family by taking odd jobs, including real estate and grocery. He received his high school diploma through correspondence courses. During
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Maddox was favorably influenced by Murray M. Silver, Esq., General
Counsel of the Georgia Department of Labor, and Commissioner Sam Caldwell to hire blacks and to approve legislation affecting unemployment insurance of automobile workers within the
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viewed him as a "backwoods demagogue out in the boondocks". According to one account, the former restaurateur's appeal transcended race to embrace a right-wing brand of "populism", picturing government, rather than big business, as the villain.
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from running for a second consecutive term. He therefore waged his second bid for lieutenant governor, the first having resulted in defeat to Peter Zack Geer in 1962. Although Maddox was elected as a Democratic candidate at the same time as
561:, and we made it!" He joked further that Johnson had been "the best campaign manager I've got even if he did put me out of business", a reference to the closing of the Pickrick Restaurant to avoid desegregation. On winning the runoff, the
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forecast that as governor, Maddox would "tell off the federal government forty times a day, but four years after his inauguration, he would have accomplished little else". Once in office, however, Maddox accomplished the following:
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Maddox had been using drugs from a Bahamian cancer clinic to treat his prostate cancer. In July 1985, he revealed that the clinic had been shut down by Bahamian officials after its drugs had been found to be contaminated with the
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In 1935, Maddox married seventeen-year-old Hattie Virginia Cox. Maddox's wife nursed him through all his illnesses and supported his political and business career, even though he had to spend much time away from the family.
378:, the Pickrick soon became a thriving business. The restaurant also provided Maddox with his first political forum. He placed advertising which featured cartoon chickens in the Atlanta newspapers. Following the 1954
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Bobby Lee Fears was a native of Atlanta, who had previously worked as a guitarist and vocalist for the Fabulous Denos, who had a number of releases on the King label. He later joined an early incarnation of the
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was said of Maddox, "We have a populist revolution in its truest sense moving here. White people who work with their hands see in Lester Maddox a man of their own kind and are fighting to elect him ."
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Cox, 1918–1997), used $ 400 in savings to open a combination grocery store-and-restaurant called Lester's Grill. Building on that success, the couple then bought property on Hemphill Avenue near the
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the obituary notes that after becoming governor, Maddox "surprised many by hiring and promoting blacks in state government and by initiating an early release program for the state prison system".
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When he was asked what might be done to improve the abysmal conditions in Georgia prisons, Maddox replied that what was really needed was a better class of prisoner. Maddox's chief of staff was
595:. Maddox said that Callaway was unable to relate to farmers, small businessmen, and the unemployed: "He would be a lot better off if he knew about people as well as dollars." Maddox said that
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finished in a strong third place. Again, some Republicans voted in the Democratic primary runoff. Arnall barely campaigned in the runoff, and Maddox emerged victorious, 443,055 to 373,004.
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views. In an effort to differentiate themselves from each other, each attempted to paint the other as an extremist. Geer won the race, 55–45%, but Maddox gained attention across the state.
388:, these restaurant ads began to feature the cartoon chickens commenting on the political questions of the day. However, Maddox's refusal to adjust to changes following the passage of the
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The building was purchased by Georgia Tech in 1965; it was used for many years as the placement center and was later known as the Ajax building. It was demolished in May 2009.
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With his political career seemingly over and with massive debts stemming from his 1974 gubernatorial bid, Maddox began a short-lived nightclub comedy career in 1977 with an
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conversation, Maddox still walked off the show. Making light of the incident during a subsequent appearance by Maddox, Cavett walked off this time, and Maddox applauded.
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manifested itself when he filed a lawsuit to continue his segregationist policies. Maddox said that he would close his restaurant rather than serve
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because of his anti-communist views, and he often told Georgia about the threats of communism and communist and socialist influences.
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Democratic primary election, and some chose the candidate they believed would most likely lose the general election to their nominee,
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1321:"Picture of the Pickrick Cafeteria located in Atlanta at 891 Hemphill Avenue near the campus of the Georgia Institute of Technology"
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618:, Maddox became governor. He was sworn in on the evening of January 10, 1967, minutes after the legislature certified his election.
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never did become the Pickwick. That name was already registered in Atlanta and I wanted something entirely unique and my own. ...
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During his ownership of the Pickrick, Maddox, a Democrat, failed in two bids for mayor of Atlanta. In 1957, he lost to incumbent
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477:, with whom he split the white vote. Allen's ability to garner virtually all of the black vote provided his margin of victory.
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in the general election, becoming the first Republican gubernatorial candidate to top the polls in Georgia since the close of
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Maddox made the Pickrick a family affair, with his wife and children also working with him. Known for its simple, inexpensive
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employees pulled the drumsticks (pickaxe handles) from the kegs and went outside to defend against the threatened invasion.
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for the remainder of his life. In 1992 and 1996, Maddox crossed party lines and endorsed unsuccessful populist Republican
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in northern Fulton County, Georgia. Due to a successful business career, Maddox was relatively wealthy when he died.
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after the group had attacked several dozen marchers who were protesting against racial discrimination in the county.
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Maddox quipped that he had been nominated despite having "no money, no politicians, no television, no newspapers, no
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Bob Short, Everything is Pickrick: The Life of Lester Maddox, Mercer University Press, Macon, GA. (1999)
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for the presidency. His last public speech was in Atlanta in 2001 at the annual national conference of the
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Maddox campaigned hard for states' rights and maintained a segregationist stance while in office. Upon the
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when he refused to serve black customers in his Atlanta restaurant, the Pickrick, in violation of the
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Blood and Politics: The History of the White Nationalist Movement from the Margins to the Mainstream
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is named. Hartsfield had pursued a more moderate approach to racial issues. In 1961, Maddox lost to
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Mostly customers, with only a few employees, voluntarily removed the twelve Pickrick Drumsticks, (a
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The "invasion" Maddox referred to was three black seminary students who had asked to be seated.
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Billy Hathorn, "The Frustration of Opportunity: Georgia Republicans and the Election of 1966,"
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virus. Maddox underwent testing, and two months later announced that he was free of the virus.
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before cutting around three solo records under his own name and using the alias Bobby Dixon.
789:, received 170,373 votes in the election (less than 1% of the vote) and no electoral votes.
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Baxter, Tom (October 21, 1999). "In Recounting Famous Quip, Maddox Gives Clarity to Past".
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2118:, ed. Harold P. Henderson and Gary L. Roberts (Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1988).
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on December 18, 1970. During a commercial break, fellow guest and former football player
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markets' lines, and directed state troopers not to address African Americans as "niggers".
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from Creative Loafing, March 20, 1999 (with link to his personal rebuttal to the article)
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On June 25, 2003, after a fall while recuperating from intestinal surgery in an Atlanta
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Maddox, who neither smoked nor drank alcohol, described God as his "campaign manager".
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292:(September 30, 1915 – June 25, 2003) was an American politician who served as the 75th
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had hired off-duty police officers to maintain segregation at the tourist park in
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in January of that year, Maddox attended a rally organized by members of the
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1148:"Lester Maddox, Whites-Only Restaurateur and Georgia Governor, Dies at 87"
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Georgia Governors in an Age of Change: From Ellis Arnall to George Busbee
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1491:"Lester Maddox turned the Capitol into a fortress during MLK's funeral"
865:, a white supremacist who had previously been imprisoned for bombing a
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890:. The CCC, of which Maddox was a charter member, is considered by the
685:. The show came to Broadway and ran for forty-one performances at the
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called him an "arch segregationist"; to support this contention, the
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Maddox (left) at a Coastal Plains Regional Commission meeting in 1967
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In 1968, a small Atlanta repertory company produced a play entitled
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1262:"Lester Maddox Dies at 87; Segregationist Was a Georgia Governor"
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657:, who went on to serve two terms as governor in the 1990s and as
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contains the following account of the closing of his restaurant:
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http://www.sirshambling.com/artists_2012/D/bobby_dixon/index.php
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Nixonland: The Rise of a President and the Fracturing of America
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Nixonland: The Rise of a President and the Fracturing of America
30:
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331:, the second of nine children born to Dean Garfield Maddox, a
1972:. Southern Poverty Law Center. September 2004. Archived from
1647:. Athens, GA: University of Georgia Libraries. Archived from
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Richard B. Russell Library for Political Research and Studies
981:(Atlanta), is named the "Lester and Virginia Maddox Bridge".
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handle. Maddox provides the following account of the events:
2114:
Brad Rice, "Lester Maddox and the Politics of Populism," in
773:, Maddox ran against him as the nominee of Wallace's former
1970:"Center Report Exposes Links Between Hate Group, Lawmakers"
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Shortly after that election, Maddox appeared as a guest on
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Maddox received the honorary degree of Doctor of Laws from
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Candidates in the 1976 United States presidential election
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Lester Maddox collection at the University of West Georgia
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Years after Maddox's gubernatorial term ended, Republican
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Speaking Out: The Autobiography of Lester Garfield Maddox
677:. The play ridiculed Maddox and imagined him winning the
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mill, which he alleged had kept wages at $ 10 a week in
2162:, April 17, 1986, Georgia's Political Heritage Program.
2156:, March 7, 1986, Georgia's Political Heritage Program.
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In 1944, Maddox, along with his wife Hattie Virginia (
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Cavett, Richard A.; Porterfield, Christopher (1974).
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488:, a candidate with whom he shared segregationist and
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1281:
Atlanta History: A Journal of Georgia and the South
734:Under the Georgia constitution of 1945, Maddox was
3330:Democratic Party governors of Georgia (U.S. state)
2154:Oral History Interview with Governor Lester Maddox
1832:"Maddox Says He May Seek McDonald's Seat in House"
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2123:Everything Is Pickrick: The Life of Lester Maddox
2000:Everything is Pickrick: The Life of Lester Maddox
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3320:Deaths from prostate cancer in the United States
3285:American Independent Party presidential nominees
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2191:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
2173:. Archived from the original on January 15, 2008
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1775:Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections
471:Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport
1172:"Lester Maddox | Today in Georgia History"
949:Speaker of the Georgia House of Representatives
315:, serving alongside his successor as governor,
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689:before closing. Maddox was a supporter of the
3325:Deaths from pneumonia in Georgia (U.S. state)
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1992:
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1443:. Vol. 99, no. 175. pp. 1, 10.
1347:"Georgia Institute of Technology: Campus Map"
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1253:
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3335:Lieutenant governors of Georgia (U.S. state)
2125:(Macon, Ga.: Mercer University Press, 1999).
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502:magazine termed Maddox a "strident racist";
112:January 12, 1971 – January 14, 1975
59:January 10, 1967 – January 12, 1971
16:American politician from Georgia (1915–2003)
3280:20th-century American far-right politicians
367:campus to open up the Pickrick Restaurant.
3310:Deaths from cancer in Georgia (U.S. state)
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2160:https://dlg.usg.edu/record/uwg_phc_maddox2
1987:
1962:
1860:"Maddox Fears He May Have Contracted Aids"
1748:. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich. p. 299.
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1686:. Savannah, GA: CSPBooks. pp. 17–19.
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965:The Interstate Highway 75 bridge over the
743:'s election as governor, the two were not
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303:, Maddox came to prominence as a staunch
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1891:"Maddox Gets Good News: No Sign of AIDS"
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1670:Savannah Morning News and Evening Press
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984:Maddox was the primary inspiration for
636:assassination of Martin Luther King Jr.
448:and communists put him out of business.
268: 1935; died 1997)
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1204:. Garden City, NY: Doubleday. p.
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417:Marker at the spot of the Pickrick at
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1996:
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1284:, Vol. XXXI (Winter 1987–1988), p. 38
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1771:"1976 Presidential Election Results"
1641:"Lester G. Maddox Biographical File"
1437:"Quickly Sworn In Behind Shut Doors"
995:
923:, Maddox died of complications from
587:. He criticized the Callaway family
1804:Information on Fears musical career
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1468:. Simon and Schuster. p. 308.
519:1966 Georgia gubernatorial election
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3300:Baptists from Georgia (U.S. state)
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1002:Electoral history of Lester Maddox
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3275:20th-century American politicians
2167:"Former Georgia Gov. Maddox Dies"
2142:Entry in New Georgia Encyclopedia
2129:
1435:Hopkins, Sam (January 11, 1967).
1260:Severo, Richard (June 25, 2003).
1115:"Former Georgia Gov. Maddox dies"
769:When Carter ran for president in
661:'s successor in the U.S. Senate.
3315:Council of Conservative Citizens
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1495:The Atlanta Journal-Constitution
1146:Severo, Richard (25 June 2003).
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888:Council of Conservative Citizens
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3305:Burials in Georgia (U.S. state)
3164:Lieutenant governors of Georgia
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1121:. June 25, 2003. Archived from
681:, then starting a war with the
679:1972 U.S. presidential election
365:Georgia Institute of Technology
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2370:Lieutenant Governor of Georgia
2309:President of the United States
2278:Lieutenant Governor of Georgia
2056:"Happy Birthday, Randy Newman"
1945:"DynaXML Error: Servlet Error"
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1295:"Civil Rights Digital Library"
1287:
1272:
1232:Jacobs, Hal (August 9, 1999).
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943:After Maddox's death in 2003,
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730:Lieutenant Governor of Georgia
100:Lieutenant Governor of Georgia
1:
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2026:"Backtalk with Randy Newman"
1868:. 1985-07-31. Archived from
855:1987 Forsyth County protests
830:was shot down in 1983, with
433:Civil Rights Digital Library
322:
7:
2109:The Riddle of Lester Maddox
2003:. Mercer University Press.
1035:Georgia (U.S. state) portal
1006:
892:Southern Poverty Law Center
828:Korean Air Lines Flight 007
642:, the then pro-segregation
386:United States Supreme Court
381:Brown v. Board of Education
374:, including its specialty,
10:
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1682:Silver, Murray M. (2009).
999:
775:American Independent Party
765:1976 presidential election
701:In the 1966 campaign, the
648:1968 presidential election
644:American Independent Party
516:
290:Lester Garfield Maddox Sr.
3241:
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2225:
2205:Lester Maddox Photographs
2111:(Atlanta: Camelot, 1968).
2054:Lydia Hutchinson (2016).
1921:Farrar, Straus and Giroux
938:
697:Accomplishments in office
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3340:Politicians from Atlanta
3295:American segregationists
2226:Party political offices
2076:
1585:The Atlanta Constitution
1441:The Atlanta Constitution
914:
872:
821:
585:William Tecumseh Sherman
480:In 1962, Maddox ran for
446:President Lyndon Johnson
390:Civil Rights Act of 1964
309:Civil Rights Act of 1964
214:Arlington Memorial Park
1552:Burns, Rebecca (2011).
1196:Maddox, Lester (1975).
484:as a Democrat, against
339:, Maddox worked at the
3290:American restaurateurs
2209:Atlanta History Center
2024:Jordan, Scott (2008).
1531:. Simon and Schuster.
896:Anti-Defamation League
781:, the former mayor of
631:
529:tantamount to election
450:
421:
411:
217:Sandy Springs, Georgia
160:Lester Garfield Maddox
3350:20th-century Baptists
2060:Performing Songwriter
1085:Conservative Democrat
840:George "Buddy" Darden
726:executive positions.
723:Benjamin B. Blackburn
704:Savannah Morning News
674:Red, White and Maddox
629:
467:William B. Hartsfield
441:
437:University of Georgia
416:
402:
376:skillet-fried chicken
296:from 1967 to 1971. A
2419:Governors of Georgia
2305:American Independent
1923:. pp. 126–127.
753:The Dick Cavett Show
666:Bob Jones University
577:waged in Georgia by
537:Howard "Bo" Callaway
243:American Independent
2343:Governor of Georgia
2245:Governor of Georgia
1997:Short, Bob (1999).
1613:(27 January 1969).
1489:Bentley, Rosalind.
1077:Christianity portal
1063:Conservatism portal
969:at the boundary of
967:Chattahoochee River
832:U.S. Representative
622:Governor of Georgia
482:lieutenant governor
327:Maddox was born in
313:lieutenant governor
294:governor of Georgia
255:Hattie Virginia Cox
47:Governor of Georgia
2328:Political offices
2147:2012-02-04 at the
1800:2013-10-04 at the
1619:The New York Times
1266:The New York Times
1152:The New York Times
954:The New York Times
632:
571:American Civil War
555:Martin Luther King
422:
349:B-29 Superfortress
170:September 30, 1915
3252:
3251:
3130:
3129:
2386:
2385:
2377:Succeeded by
2350:Succeeded by
2318:Succeeded by
2285:Succeeded by
2254:Succeeded by
1930:978-1-4299-5933-9
1919:. New York City:
1896:Los Angeles Times
1693:978-0-9822583-2-3
1684:Daddy King and Me
1672:, October 9, 1966
1600:(July 4, 1969) 6.
1598:Sword of the Lord
1569:978-1-4391-3054-4
1555:Burial for a King
1538:978-0-7432-4302-5
1475:978-0-7432-4302-5
1353:on 7 October 2007
1238:Southern Currents
996:Electoral history
900:white supremacist
646:candidate in the
394:African Americans
345:Marietta, Georgia
301:Southern Democrat
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2015:
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1994:
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1947:. Archived from
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1297:. Archived from
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597:Callaway Gardens
575:March to the Sea
543:against Arnall.
456:Political career
428:the restaurant.
384:decision of the
372:Southern cuisine
355:Restaurant owner
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1327:on 19 July 2011
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803:Bobby Lee Fears
795:
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624:
606:Callaway won a
541:runoff election
521:
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486:Peter Zack Geer
475:Ivan Allen, Jr.
469:, for whom the
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2303:
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2276:nominee for
2272:
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2243:nominee for
2239:
2234:Carl Sanders
2218:Find a Grave
2175:. Retrieved
2122:
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2092:Ohio Players
2085:
2063:. Retrieved
2059:
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2034:the original
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1974:the original
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1870:the original
1865:Sun-Sentinel
1863:
1854:
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1840:. 1983-09-08
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1655:February 12,
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1621:. p. 27
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1299:the original
1289:
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1237:
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1176:the original
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983:
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670:
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633:
616:loyalty oath
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525:Ellis Arnall
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419:Georgia Tech
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360:
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337:World War II
326:
317:Jimmy Carter
289:
288:
245:(1968, 1976)
239:affiliations
192:(2003-06-25)
136:Succeeded by
120:Jimmy Carter
107:
92:Jimmy Carter
87:Succeeded by
80:Carl Sanders
54:
3270:2003 deaths
3265:1915 births
3008:H. Talmadge
2994:H. Talmadge
2980:E. Talmadge
2966:E. Talmadge
2910:J. M. Brown
2889:J. M. Brown
2770:J. E. Brown
2380:Zell Miller
2321:John Rarick
2288:Zell Miller
2177:December 3,
2121:Bob Short,
1401:, pp. 40–41
1305:2 September
971:Cobb County
880:Cobb County
853:During the
817:Later years
691:Vietnam War
655:Zell Miller
343:factory in
333:steelworker
141:Zell Miller
126:Preceded by
75:Preceded by
3259:Categories
2777:J. Johnson
2763:H. Johnson
2374:1971–1975
2347:1967–1971
2274:Democratic
2241:Democratic
2065:2023-08-16
2040:2023-08-16
1980:2013-01-08
1955:2020-06-18
1876:2015-06-12
1718:2018-11-02
1508:2022-11-03
1243:2019-02-23
1182:2016-09-07
1157:2010-11-08
1129:2007-12-02
1096:References
945:Tom Murphy
801:musician,
793:Retirement
736:prohibited
231:Democratic
166:1915-09-30
64:Lieutenant
3057:J. Harris
2924:N. Harris
2207:from the
1503:1539-7459
1090:Dixiecrat
925:pneumonia
807:harmonica
787:Wisconsin
758:Jim Brown
668:in 1969.
608:plurality
406:euphemism
323:Childhood
108:In office
55:In office
3185:Vandiver
3175:Thompson
3121:Category
3022:Vandiver
3001:Thompson
2938:Hardwick
2896:H. Smith
2882:H. Smith
2861:Atkinson
2840:McDaniel
2826:Stephens
2819:Colquitt
2812:J. Smith
2742:Crawford
2735:McDonald
2665:Mitchell
2651:Mitchell
2637:Milledge
2630:Tattnall
2553:Houstoun
2532:Brownson
2476:Cuthbert
2469:Glascock
2462:Houstoun
2455:Treutlen
2448:Gwinnett
2187:cite web
2145:Archived
1913:(2009).
1798:Archived
1525:(2008).
1462:(2008).
1007:See also
990:Rednecks
898:to be a
894:and the
505:Newsweek
351:bomber.
298:populist
276:Children
117:Governor
3180:Griffin
3029:Sanders
3015:Griffin
2959:Russell
2952:Hardman
2875:Terrell
2868:Candler
2854:Northen
2833:Boynton
2798:Bullock
2784:Jenkins
2714:Lumpkin
2700:Forsyth
2623:Emanuel
2616:Jackson
2602:Mathews
2595:Telfair
2581:Handley
2574:Mathews
2567:Telfair
2441:Bulloch
2429:present
2136:Lester!
1734:, p. 48
1560:137–138
1425:, p. 47
1413:, p. 43
1389:, p. 40
1377:, p. 38
1119:CNN.com
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921:hospice
902:group.
783:Madison
589:textile
582:general
563:Baptist
435:at the
398:pickaxe
270:
262:
258:
201:Georgia
197:Atlanta
177:Georgia
173:Atlanta
3230:Duncan
3220:Taylor
3215:Howard
3210:Miller
3205:Maddox
3078:Perdue
3071:Barnes
3064:Miller
3050:Busbee
3043:Carter
3036:Maddox
2987:Arnall
2973:Rivers
2945:Walker
2931:Dorsey
2917:Slaton
2903:Slaton
2847:Gordon
2805:Conley
2728:Gilmer
2721:Schley
2707:Gilmer
2679:Talbot
2588:Walton
2560:Elbert
2539:Martin
2525:Davies
2490:Walton
2483:Wereat
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2693:Troup
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2672:Rabun
2658:Early
2644:Irwin
2609:Irwin
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2427:1777–
2282:1970
2077:Notes
959:Times
915:Death
873:1990s
822:1980s
579:Union
557:, no
264:(
260:
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3195:Geer
3190:Byrd
3092:Kemp
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2314:1976
2250:1966
2193:link
2179:2007
2005:ISBN
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1688:ISBN
1657:2016
1627:2011
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1499:ISSN
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1307:2012
1210:ISBN
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771:1976
533:open
499:Time
431:The
221:U.S.
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181:U.S.
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