167:
155:
102:
143:
179:
113:
122:
437:
in East Beirut. At the latter battle, the LYM/MKG intensified the blockade of the refugee camp by launching on 22 June a full-scale military assault that lasted for 35 days, and the cruelty displayed by LYM/MKG members' in this assault and other atrocities, earned them the unflattering nickname "The
413:
However, they also became infamous for their brutality. In
January–August 1976, a force of 100 LYM/MKG militiamen took part in the sieges and subsequent massacres of the
859:
458:
structure in 1977, thereafter ceasing to exist as an independent organization. Under LF command, they later again played a key role in the eviction of the
257:
273:
430:
889:
504:
17:
879:
828:
812:
662:
643:
594:
676:
760:
727:
713:
629:
798:
784:
696:
367:
249:
171:
238:
746:
615:
226:
446:) – Bash Maroun's men were normally seen wearing necklaces made from human body parts cut from their victims.
359:
147:
489:
455:
351:
62:
519:
840:
884:
484:
297:
219:
129:
94:
509:
434:
331:
245:
700:
602:
394:
325:
467:
402:
398:
324:. It consisted of about 500-1,000 fighters, backed by a small mechanized force made of ex-
106:
8:
414:
339:
514:
499:
426:
371:
289:
193:
166:
159:
655:
The
Tragedy of Lebanon: Christian Warlords, Israeli Adventurers, and American Bunglers
808:
794:
780:
756:
742:
723:
709:
692:
680:
672:
658:
639:
625:
611:
590:
375:
355:
343:
825:
363:
863:
860:
Chamussy (René) – Chronique d’une guerre: Le Liban 1975-1977 – éd. Desclée – 1978
853:
844:
832:
755:, Princeton Series on the Middle East, Markus Wiener Publishers, Princeton 1997.
731:
647:
598:
390:
321:
494:
317:
309:
285:
125:
58:
873:
524:
422:
379:
347:
293:
684:
463:
459:
382:
328:
269:
183:
76:
241:
479:
385:. Personally commanded by Bash Maroun, they usually operated in the
335:
222:
116:
805:
Véhicules
Militaires au Liban/Military Vehicles in Lebanon 1975-1981
608:
The
Palestinian Liberation Organisation: People, Power, and Politics
557:
The
Palestinian Liberation Organisation: People, Power, and Politics
849:
386:
265:
72:
720:
La Guerre du Liban: De la dissension nationale au conflit régional
313:
253:
142:
112:
439:
418:
207:
178:
121:
237:
The LYM was founded in the early 1970s as an association of
350:(Spanish-produced version of the Land-Rover series III),
837:
316:
with training, funds and weapons being provided by the
850:
Histoire militaire de l'armée libanaise de 1975 à 1990
638:, Presses Universitaires de France - PUF, Paris 1993.
753:
Faces of
Lebanon: Sects, Wars, and Global Extensions
657:, Just World Books, Charlottesville, Virginia 2012.
691:, London: Oxford University Press, (3rd ed. 2001).
303:
292:, the group's ideology stemmed from the extremist
264:"Bash Maroun"), the son of the former head of the
826:http://www.ouwet.com/n10452/news/bash-maroun-rip/
871:
587:Histoire du Liban contemporain: Tome 2 1943-1990
401:, but also fought in other areas (namely at the
454:The LYM/MKG was subsequently absorbed into the
405:), earning a reputation of fierce combatants.
244:university students, who strongly opposed the
397:districts, manning the local sections of the
622:A History of Modern Lebanon: Second Edition
708:, Praeger Publishers Inc., New York 1980.
669:Sanctuary and Survival: the PLO in Lebanon
368:Chevrolet C-10/C-15 Cheyenne light pickups
505:List of weapons of the Lebanese Civil War
791:30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon
722:, Éditions Karthala/CERMOC, Paris 1994.
671:, Boulder: Westview Press, Oxford 1990.
342:'. The latter consisted of commandeered
227:1975-77 phase of the Lebanese Civil War
14:
872:
838:Guardians of the Cedars official site
768:
610:, Cambridge University Press, 1984.
279:
777:Civil Wars Volume 1: The Gun Trucks
312:in January 1976 and raised its own
24:
890:Factions in the Lebanese Civil War
462:out from the Christian-controlled
25:
901:
819:
807:, Trebia Publishing, Chyah 2012.
250:Palestine Liberation Organization
172:Palestine Liberation Organization
779:, Blue Steel books, Sidon 2008.
417:situated at the coastal town of
304:The LYM in the 1975-77 civil war
177:
165:
153:
141:
120:
111:
100:
689:Pity the Nation: Lebanon at War
589:, Éditions Fayard, Paris 2005.
449:
360:Dodge D series (3rd generation)
212:Harakat al-Shabab al-Lubnaniyya
741:, Taylor & Francis, 1979.
636:Histoire de la guerre du Liban
562:
549:
536:
408:
30:Lebanese Youth Movement (MKG)
13:
1:
793:, Beirut: Elite Group, 2003.
739:Palestine in the Arab dilemma
578:
570:Palestine in the Arab dilemma
544:Palestine in the Arab dilemma
204:Lebanese Youth Movement – LYM
624:, Pluto Press, London 2012.
466:in February 1978 during the
252:(PLO) guerrilla factions in
225:militia which fought in the
7:
473:
438:Ghosts of the Cemeteries" (
296:identities espoused by the
10:
906:
232:
210:: حركة الشباب اللبنانية |
148:Lebanese National Movement
880:Israeli–Lebanese conflict
364:GMC Sierra Custom K25/K30
352:Toyota Land Cruiser (J40)
216:Maroun Khoury Group (MKG)
189:
136:
90:
82:
68:
54:
44:
36:
29:
530:
520:Kataeb Regulatory Forces
344:Land-Rover series II-III
485:Guardians of the Cedars
308:The LYM/MKG joined the
298:Guardians of the Cedars
130:Tyous Team of Commandos
95:Guardians of the Cedars
18:Lebanese Youth Movement
706:The Lebanese Civil War
510:Tel al-Zaatar Massacre
356:Dodge W200 Power Wagon
214:), also known as the
32:حركة الشباب اللبنانية
403:Battle of the Hotels
248:and the presence of
246:1969 Cairo Agreement
107:Army of Free Lebanon
775:Moustafa El-Assad,
751:William W. Harris,
442:: أشباح المقابر | '
415:Palestinian refugee
843:2009-02-10 at the
831:2008-10-15 at the
653:Jonathan Randall,
620:Fawwaz Traboulsi,
515:Karantina Massacre
500:Lebanese Civil War
372:heavy machine guns
348:Santana Series III
194:Lebanese Civil War
160:Lebanese Arab Army
86:500-1,000 fighters
46:Dates of operation
813:978-9953-0-2372-4
769:Secondary sources
663:978-1-935982-16-6
644:978-2-13-045801-2
595:978-2-213-61521-9
468:Hundred Days' War
444:Ashbah al-Maqabir
376:recoilless rifles
280:Political beliefs
200:
199:
16:(Redirected from
897:
573:
566:
560:
553:
547:
540:
284:Being violently
258:Maroun el-Khoury
190:Battles and wars
182:
181:
170:
169:
158:
157:
156:
146:
145:
124:
115:
105:
104:
103:
47:
27:
26:
21:
905:
904:
900:
899:
898:
896:
895:
894:
870:
869:
845:Wayback Machine
833:Wayback Machine
822:
817:
771:
766:
763:, 1-55876-115-2
737:Walid Kazziha,
606:Helena Cobban,
585:Denise Ammoun,
581:
576:
567:
563:
554:
550:
541:
537:
533:
490:Lebanese Forces
476:
456:Lebanese Forces
452:
411:
391:Ain El Remmaneh
387:Ras-el-Dekwaneh
322:Camille Chamoun
306:
282:
235:
176:
175:
164:
163:
154:
152:
151:
140:
128:
119:
110:
101:
99:
98:
63:Lebanese Forces
45:
31:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
903:
893:
892:
887:
885:Lebanese Front
882:
868:
867:
857:
847:
835:
821:
820:External links
818:
816:
815:
803:Samer Kassis,
801:
789:Samer Kassis,
787:
772:
770:
767:
765:
764:
761:978-1558761155
749:
735:
728:978-2865374991
718:Samir Kassir,
716:
714:978-0030397011
702:
682:
665:
651:
632:
630:978-0745332741
618:
604:
582:
580:
577:
575:
574:
572:(1979), p. 54.
561:
559:(1984), p. 73.
548:
546:(1979), p. 54.
534:
532:
529:
528:
527:
522:
517:
512:
507:
502:
497:
495:Lebanese Front
492:
487:
482:
475:
472:
451:
448:
410:
407:
329:Panhard AML-90
318:Tigers Militia
310:Lebanese Front
305:
302:
286:anti-communist
281:
278:
274:Naim el-Khoury
234:
231:
198:
197:
191:
187:
186:
138:
134:
133:
126:Tigers Militia
92:
88:
87:
84:
80:
79:
70:
66:
65:
59:Lebanese Front
56:
52:
51:
48:
42:
41:
38:
34:
33:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
902:
891:
888:
886:
883:
881:
878:
877:
875:
865:
861:
858:
855:
851:
848:
846:
842:
839:
836:
834:
830:
827:
824:
823:
814:
810:
806:
802:
800:
799:9953-0-0705-5
796:
792:
788:
786:
785:9953-0-1256-8
782:
778:
774:
773:
762:
758:
754:
750:
748:
744:
740:
736:
733:
729:
725:
721:
717:
715:
711:
707:
704:Marius Deeb,
703:
701:
698:
697:0-19-280130-9
694:
690:
686:
683:
681:
678:
677:0 86187 123 5
674:
670:
666:
664:
660:
656:
652:
649:
645:
641:
637:
634:Jean Sarkis,
633:
631:
627:
623:
619:
617:
613:
609:
605:
603:
600:
596:
592:
588:
584:
583:
571:
565:
558:
552:
545:
539:
535:
526:
525:Phoenicianism
523:
521:
518:
516:
513:
511:
508:
506:
503:
501:
498:
496:
493:
491:
488:
486:
483:
481:
478:
477:
471:
469:
465:
461:
457:
447:
445:
441:
436:
435:Tel al-Zaatar
432:
428:
424:
423:Matn District
420:
416:
406:
404:
400:
396:
392:
388:
384:
381:
380:anti-aircraft
377:
373:
369:
365:
361:
357:
353:
349:
345:
341:
337:
333:
332:armoured cars
330:
327:
326:Lebanese Army
323:
319:
315:
311:
301:
299:
295:
291:
287:
277:
275:
271:
267:
263:
262:nom de guerre
259:
255:
251:
247:
243:
240:
230:
228:
224:
221:
217:
213:
209:
205:
195:
192:
188:
185:
180:
173:
168:
161:
149:
144:
139:
135:
131:
127:
123:
118:
114:
108:
96:
93:
89:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71:
67:
64:
60:
57:
53:
49:
43:
40:"Bash Maroun"
39:
35:
28:
19:
804:
790:
776:
752:
738:
719:
705:
688:
668:
667:Rex Brynen,
654:
635:
621:
607:
586:
569:
564:
556:
551:
543:
538:
453:
450:Disbandement
443:
412:
307:
283:
268:district of
261:
236:
215:
211:
203:
201:
69:Headquarters
685:Robert Fisk
464:East Beirut
460:Syrian Army
409:Controversy
383:autocannons
370:armed with
290:Palestinian
270:East Beirut
196:(1975-1990)
184:Syrian Army
77:East Beirut
874:Categories
747:0856648647
616:0521272165
579:References
431:Al-Maslakh
399:Green Line
395:Mansouriye
340:technicals
336:gun trucks
294:Phoenicist
242:right-wing
50:Until 1977
568:Kazziha,
542:Kazziha,
480:Al-Tanzim
427:Karantina
425:, and at
288:and anti-
223:far-right
220:Christian
137:Opponents
117:Al-Tanzim
841:Archived
829:Archived
555:Cobban,
474:See also
266:Dekwaneh
239:Maronite
218:, was a
73:Dekwaneh
55:Group(s)
421:in the
320:led by
314:militia
254:Lebanon
233:Origins
37:Leaders
864:French
854:French
811:
797:
783:
759:
745:
732:French
726:
712:
695:
675:
661:
648:French
642:
628:
614:
599:French
593:
440:Arabic
419:Dbayeh
208:Arabic
91:Allies
531:Notes
256:, by
174:(PLO)
162:(LAA)
150:(LNM)
132:(TTC)
109:(AFL)
97:(GoC)
862:(in
852:(in
809:ISBN
795:ISBN
781:ISBN
757:ISBN
743:ISBN
730:(in
724:ISBN
710:ISBN
693:ISBN
673:ISBN
659:ISBN
646:(in
640:ISBN
626:ISBN
612:ISBN
601:) –
597:(in
591:ISBN
433:and
393:and
378:and
366:and
338:or '
334:and
202:The
83:Size
876::
699:–
687:,
679:–
470:.
429:,
389:,
374:,
362:,
358:,
354:,
346:,
300:.
276:.
272:,
229:.
75:,
61:,
866:)
856:)
734:)
650:)
260:(
206:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
