1584:
865:
881:
3298:
1172:
1612:
1542:
1526:
1570:
1556:
1656:
1598:
2864:
1822:
694:
1456:
1498:
3761:
1470:
120:
49:
1512:
1670:
1642:
1628:
1484:
920:, pointed out that genetic variation preceded religious variation and divisions: "Lebanon already had well-differentiated communities with their own genetic peculiarities, but not significant differences, and religions came as layers of paint on top. There is no distinct pattern that shows that one community carries significantly more
1100:
in 680-681. Contemporary Greek, Latin and Arab sources indicate that the
Maronites accepted monothelitism, rejected the sixth council, and continued to maintain a belief in the largely discredited monothelite doctrine for centuries, only moving away from monothelitism in the time of the crusades in
1116:
and a united front was necessary to keep out
Islamic infiltration, the Maronites were focused on a struggle to retain their independence against imperial power. This situation was mirrored in other Christian communities in the Byzantine Empire and helped facilitate the Muslim conquest of most of
1101:
order to avoid being branded heretics by the crusaders. The modern
Maronite Church, however, rejects the assertion that the Maronites were ever monothelites separated from the rest of the universal Church. The question remains a cause of significant offence to this day.
907:
The cultural and linguistic heritage of the
Lebanese people is a blend of both indigenous Phoenician elements and the foreign cultures that have come to rule the land and its people over the course of thousands of years. In a 2013 interview the lead investigator of the
1335:'s population, according to estimates. The Maronite Church's website claims 1,062,000 members were in Lebanon in 1994 which would have made them around 31% of Lebanon's population. Maronite Catholics are the largest Christian group, followed by Greek Orthodox.
1053:
The martyrdom of the
Patriarch of Antioch in the first decade of the seventh century, either at the hands of Persian soldiers or local Jews, left the Maronites without a leader, a situation which continued because of the final and most devastating
2320:.. Europeans who visited the area during this period related that the Druze "love the Christians more than the other believers," and that they "hate the Turks, the Muslims and the Arabs with an intense hatred.
1089:(625–638) of Rome naively called for an end to dispute and interpreted Sergius' view as true since Christ exhibited only one will insofar as His sinless human will never disagreed with His divine will.
1042:
of
Antioch slew 350 monks, the Maronites sought refuge in the mountains of Lebanon. Correspondence concerning the event brought the Maronites papal and orthodox recognition, which was solidified by
3580:
3429:
1031:. Many of his followers also lived a monastic lifestyle. Following the death of Maron in 410, his disciples built a monastery in his memory and formed the nucleus of the Maronite Church.
3379:
1108:
agreed to evacuate many thousand
Maronites from Lebanon and settle them elsewhere. The chaos and utter depression which followed led the Maronites to elect their first Patriarch,
3444:
3419:
848:
Lebanon's constitution was intended to guarantee political representation for each of the nation's religious groups. Under the terms of an unwritten agreement known as the
3439:
3483:
3409:
3374:
1321:
Note that the following percentages are estimates only. However, in a country that had last census in 1932, it is difficult to have correct population estimates.
3745:
1112:, that year. This, however, was seen as a usurpation by the then undivided Orthodox Catholic church. Thus, at a time when Islam was rising on the borders of the
1954:. Historical Dictionaries of Asia, Oceania, and the Middle East (2nd ed.). Lanham Boulder New York London: Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 205–206.
3488:
3424:
3414:
3642:
3434:
3334:
3478:
3404:
3384:
2852:
802:
539:
1144:. The Maronite Catholics and the Druze founded modern Lebanon in the early Eighteenth Century, through a governing and social system known as the "
17:
1062:
propagated a new
Christological doctrine in an attempt to unify the various Christian churches of the east, who were divided over accepting the
3549:
3518:
3503:
2816:
3297:
2830:
2407:
3399:
401:
3523:
3493:
3463:
2488:
3359:
3319:
3264:
3238:
2030:
1055:
722:
3324:
935:
to Mount
Lebanon. Historically, Lebanese Maronites resided in remote mountain villages and were led by influential noble families.
3394:
3364:
3314:
3016:
3011:
3006:
2979:
3498:
3272:
1079:
566:
1140:, with amicable relations between the two groups prevailing throughout history, with the exception of some periods, including
3513:
3329:
2845:
2472:
2260:
2122:
2014:
1959:
534:
448:
262:
3606:
3554:
3369:
3339:
2034:
655:
3544:
3473:
3354:
3344:
2907:
2492:
2965:
2960:
2598:
3389:
3349:
2943:
2657:
Political awareness of the Shi'ites in
Lebanon: the role of Sayyid 'Abd al-Husain Sharaf al-Din and Sayyid Musa al-Sadr
1881:
650:
193:
3468:
2685:
2554:
2442:
2417:
2383:
2313:
2285:
2069:
1984:
822:
2804:
3528:
3508:
3025:
2912:
2838:
3001:
2788:
1583:
411:
379:
374:
3693:
3055:
3719:
3050:
2974:
2860:
2642:
2375:
1876:
1070:, was meant as a compromise between supporters of Chalcedon, such as the Maronites, and opponents, such as the
927:
The Maronite population in Lebanon has a rich history. Its foundation can be traced back to early followers of
364:
359:
319:
203:
2089:
3791:
3231:
2950:
853:
715:
645:
829:, the Maronites gained substantial influence. Post-independence, they dominated Lebanese politics until the
1141:
864:
519:
3539:
1206:(the latter claim being found in contemporary sources). The Maronite Patriarch is traditionally seated in
3786:
3611:
2936:
2922:
1919:
Department Of State. The Office of Electronic Information, Bureau of Public Affairs (19 September 2008).
1871:
1722:
1325:
1149:
1082:
909:
806:
544:
198:
2707:
2677:
Between the Ottomans and the Entente: The First World War in the Syrian and Lebanese Diaspora, 1908-1925
2897:
1851:
880:
615:
509:
369:
339:
252:
2955:
1219:
1184:
1046:(514–523) on February 10, 518. A monastery was built around the shrine of St. Maro (Marun) after the
751:
396:
272:
267:
257:
227:
2772:
3637:
3591:
3224:
3150:
3095:
2902:
2797:
2701:
1097:
837:
weakened Maronite influence, it endures alongside other dominant Lebanese communities, such as the
708:
406:
391:
277:
232:
103:
3627:
3287:
3206:
3200:
3145:
2889:
2868:
2765:
1846:
1547:
974:
951:
771:
675:
453:
416:
304:
183:
2624:
2550:
1171:
3765:
3632:
3170:
2927:
2781:
1891:
1145:
1071:
947:
896:
842:
798:
171:
3306:
2004:
1194:
since 1180, although the official view of the Church is that it had never accepted either the
3140:
3135:
3085:
1886:
1806:
838:
465:
166:
2496:
1920:
1324:
The last Census in Lebanon in 1932 put the numbers of Maronites at 60%. A study done by the
3740:
3596:
3575:
3090:
3080:
3075:
2737:
2576:
2356:
the Druzes and the Christians in the Shuf Mountains in the past lived in complete harmony..
1693:
1199:
1063:
1047:
1035:
665:
299:
2038:
8:
3565:
3165:
3155:
3120:
3110:
2880:
1918:
1841:
1734:
1187:
1012:
989:
962:
913:
640:
551:
441:
344:
329:
324:
314:
309:
155:
2663:(Doctoral). Durham: Centre for Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies, University of Durham.
3703:
3698:
3668:
3175:
3105:
2231:
2223:
2176:
1861:
1838:(born 1938), Arab-Israeli Maronite Olympic weightlifter for Israel, of Lebanese descent
1461:
830:
561:
514:
354:
294:
289:
2338:..the Druzes and Christians lived together in the most perfect harmony and good-will..
3683:
3601:
3570:
3115:
3100:
2681:
2468:
2438:
2413:
2379:
2309:
2281:
2256:
2235:
2215:
2168:
2118:
2065:
2010:
1980:
1955:
1739:
1728:
1475:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1024:
888:
872:, the most important Maronite saint; and a billboard on a side of a building showing
529:
477:
349:
334:
239:
2278:
The Druze Community and the Lebanese State: Between Confrontation and Reconciliation
1611:
1218:
Lebanese Maronite Christians are concentrated in the north Beirut, northern part of
3688:
3673:
3256:
3180:
3130:
2993:
2207:
2160:
1589:
1137:
1113:
959:
884:
869:
868:
Two important Maronite Christian symbols on Sassine Square, Achrafieh: A statue of
797:
in the early eighteenth century through the ruling and social system known as the "
622:
491:
484:
472:
434:
161:
74:
69:
2369:
3247:
3192:
3125:
2808:
2792:
2776:
2721:
2675:
2462:
2449:
the Maronites and the Druze, who founded Lebanon in the early eighteenth century.
2250:
2112:
2076:
the Maronites and the Druze, who founded Lebanon in the early eighteenth century.
1991:
the Maronites and the Druze, who founded Lebanon in the early eighteenth century.
1856:
1801:
1791:
1786:
1717:
1699:
1561:
1541:
1517:
1489:
1166:
1086:
1001:
818:
813:
dominated by Maronites and protected by European powers. In the aftermath of the
763:
759:
743:
680:
610:
596:
556:
151:
111:
90:
65:
1780:
782:. They are believed to constitute about 30% of the total population of Lebanon.
3209:, the Druze community is designated as a part of the Lebanese Muslim community.
3030:
1896:
1827:
1763:
1751:
1575:
1531:
1525:
1180:
1043:
997:
917:
892:
873:
834:
810:
698:
571:
176:
134:
3780:
2801:
2219:
2172:
1866:
1775:
1757:
1711:
1503:
1203:
1195:
1093:
1067:
1016:
985:
980:
The Maronite Christianity derived its name and religious identity from Saint
849:
775:
670:
660:
2723:
Introduction à l'histoire urbaine de la Syrie ottomane (XVIe-XVIIIe siècle)
1835:
1797:
1745:
1675:
1661:
1617:
1603:
1105:
1075:
1039:
966:
939:
826:
774:
in the country. The Lebanese Maronite population is concentrated mainly in
460:
86:
1569:
1340:
Percentage growth of the Lebanese Maronite Christians (other sources est.)
3581:
Basilica and National Shrine of Our Lady of Lebanon (North Jackson, Ohio)
3196:
1769:
1705:
1689:
1555:
1118:
1109:
955:
814:
3663:
3159:
2820:
2227:
2195:
2180:
2148:
1655:
1647:
1129:
2821:
Official website of the Congregation of Maronite Lebanese Missionaries
2785:
2435:
Syria, Iran, and Hezbollah: The Unholy Alliance and Its War on Lebanon
2062:
Syria, Iran, and Hezbollah: The Unholy Alliance and Its War on Lebanon
1977:
Syria, Iran, and Hezbollah: The Unholy Alliance and Its War on Lebanon
1597:
2738:"Archbishop Christophe Zakhia El-Kassis [Catholic-Hierarchy]"
1497:
1455:
1328:(CIA) in 1985 put the numbers of Maronites at 46% of the population.
1059:
1028:
970:
921:
786:
737:
524:
3277:
2523:
2211:
2164:
1469:
852:
between the various political and religious leaders of Lebanon, the
3760:
2825:
2371:
An Occasion for War: Civil Conflict in Lebanon and Damascus in 1860
1633:
1198:
views held by their Syriac neighbours, which were condemned in the
1191:
1092:
Instead, the Patriarch of Constantinople's doctrine and subsequent
3216:
1511:
119:
48:
2872:
2863:
2655:
2009:. Facts On File, Incorporated: Infobase Publishing. p. 447.
1332:
1179:
The Maronites belong to the Maronite Syriac Church of Antioch in
1133:
1020:
993:
943:
932:
900:
794:
767:
128:
2031:"Programme on Governance in the Arab Region: Elections: Lebanon"
954:
in AD 70. According to Catholic tradition, the first Bishop was
942:
first became known as "Christians" in the ancient Greek city of
3678:
3282:
1669:
1207:
992:) from their previous location of residence around the area of
821:
carved out from Mount Lebanon and neighboring areas. Under the
779:
591:
124:
2524:"Contemporary distribution of Lebanon's main religious groups"
2518:
2516:
2514:
27:
Religious group in Lebanon associated with the Catholic Church
3658:
3199:, comprising 18 recognized religious sects recognized by the
2292:
the Druze had been able to live in harmony with the Christian
1641:
1125:
981:
928:
790:
1096:
caused greater controversy and was declared a heresy at the
946:(Acts 11:26), and the city became a center for Christianity
2636:
2511:
1627:
1008:
2551:"2012 Report on International Religious Freedom – Lebanon"
1483:
3484:
Our Lady of Mt. Lebanon-St. Peter Cathedral (Los Angeles)
2802:
Official Website of the Mariamite Maronite Order (O.M.M.)
2769:
2006:
Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Africa and the Middle East
1213:
1725:, Maronite archbishop and Vatican Ambassador to Pakistan
1445:
3746:
Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Notre Dame des Secours
3430:
Eparchy of Our Lady of the Martyrs of Lebanon in Mexico
3195:
has the most religious diversity of all peoples in the
2626:
La protection sanitaire et sociale au Liban (1860-1963)
53:
Distribution of Maronite Catholic Christians in Lebanon
2409:
The Lebanese war: its origins and political dimensions
2354:. Foreign Broadcast Information Service. p. 53.
1950:
Najem, Tom; Amore, Roy C.; Abu Khalil, As'ad (2021).
1175:
Maronite division among main Syriac Christian groups.
958:
before his travels to Rome. The third Bishop was the
2137:
Attwater, Donald; The Christian Churches of the East
1949:
1817:
876:, the Maronite militia leader during the Civil War.
3643:Congregation of the Lebanese Maronite Missionaries
3069:Ethnic minorities, refugees and foreign nationals
2569:
3778:
3380:Patriarchal Exarchate of Jerusalem and Palestine
2770:Official website of the Lebanese Maronite Order
2255:. Syracuse University Press. pp. 195–216.
1996:
3504:Our Lady of the Annunciation Cathedral, Ibadan
2786:Official website of the Lebanese Antonin Order
2114:Syria & Lebanon handbook: the travel guide
1034:The Maronites held fast to the beliefs of the
3420:Eparchy of Our Lady of Lebanon of Los Angeles
3232:
2846:
2703:Social Classes and Political Power in Lebanon
2545:
2543:
2541:
2117:. Footprint Travel Guides. pp. 652–563.
716:
2577:"There are 3,198,600 Maronites in the World"
2002:
1190:Church that had affirmed its communion with
817:, the Maronites successfully campaigned for
38:
3445:Eparchy of Our Lady of Lebanon of São Paulo
2888:
2673:
2632:(Thesis). Université Nice Sophia Antipolis.
2367:
1337:
1058:. In the aftermath of the war, the Emperor
1007:More specifically, Maron, a fourth-century
1000:, Turkey), establishing the nucleus of the
3239:
3225:
2853:
2839:
2719:
2538:
2308:. Bar-Ilan University Press. p. 166.
996:(an ancient Greek city within present day
965:. Antioch became one of the five original
723:
709:
47:
2331:
1914:
1912:
833:, which ended their supremacy. While the
3524:Our Lady of Lebanon Cathedral, São Paulo
3494:Our Lady of Lebanon Procathedral, Bogotá
3479:Our Lady of Lebanon Cathedral (Brooklyn)
3440:Eparchy of Saint Charbel in Buenos Aires
2653:
2647:
2460:
2336:. Montserrat Abbey Library. p. 25.
2193:
2110:
1170:
984:whose followers migrated to the area of
879:
863:
3410:Eparchy of Our Lady of Lebanon of Paris
2579:. Maronite-heritage.com. 3 January 1994
2467:. Gorgias Press LLC. pp. 209–210.
2104:
1202:, or the failed compromise doctrine of
14:
3779:
3375:Archeparchy of Haifa and the Holy Land
3273:List of Maronite Patriarchs of Antioch
2694:
2361:
2275:
2146:
2090:"A geneticist with a unifying message"
2087:
1945:
1943:
1941:
1909:
1331:In 2012, Maronites constituted 31% of
1214:Geographic distribution within Lebanon
3519:Our Lady of Lebanon Cathedral (Paris)
3514:Our Lady of Grace Cathedral (Nicosia)
3220:
2834:
2622:
2616:
2454:
2405:
2349:
2303:
2248:
1446:Lebanese Maronite–born notable people
222:Native communities outside of Lebanon
3607:Monastery of the Holy Saviour, Kreim
3545:Church of the Annunciation, Nazareth
2432:
2059:
2035:United Nations Development Programme
1974:
755:
656:List of political parties in Lebanon
3499:St. Maron's Cathedral, Buenos Aires
3474:St. Louis the King Cathedral, Haifa
3400:Eparchy of the Annunciation, Ibadan
3246:
2493:Minority Rights Group International
2196:"William of Tyre and the Maronites"
1938:
1011:and the contemporary and friend of
899:set the foundation for what is now
747:
39:
24:
3425:Eparchy of Saint Maron of Brooklyn
3415:Eparchy of Saint Maron of Montreal
2817:Kreimists or Lebanese missionaries
1882:Lebanese Greek Orthodox Christians
1794:, President of Lebanon (2008–2014)
1783:, President of Lebanon (1998–2007)
1772:, President of Lebanon (1989–1998)
1760:, President of Lebanon (1982–1988)
1748:, President of Lebanon (1976–1982)
1742:, President of Lebanon (1970–1976)
1731:, President of Lebanon (1943–1952)
1714:, President of Lebanon (1964–1970)
1708:, President of Lebanon (1958–1964)
1702:, President of Lebanon (1952–1958)
1023:life, following the traditions of
931:, who migrated from the region of
809:, an autonomous entity within the
25:
3803:
3489:St. Raymond Cathedral (St. Louis)
3469:Cathedral of Saint Elijah, Aleppo
2759:
2603:United States Department of State
2555:United States Department of State
1056:Byzantine–Sassanid War of 602–628
3759:
3509:Valvanera Cathedral, Mexico City
3435:Eparchy of Saint Maron of Sydney
3335:Eparchy of Baalbek-Deir El Ahmar
3296:
2862:
1952:Historical Dictionary of Lebanon
1862:East Beirut canton (Marounistan)
1820:
1766:, Founder of the Lebanese Kataeb
1668:
1654:
1640:
1626:
1610:
1596:
1582:
1568:
1554:
1540:
1524:
1510:
1496:
1482:
1468:
1454:
1074:. To win back the Monophysites,
895:: In the early 18th century the
692:
118:
18:Maronite Christianity in Lebanon
3405:Apostolic Exarchate of Colombia
3385:Patriarchal Exarchate of Jordan
2730:
2713:
2667:
2591:
2481:
2426:
2399:
2343:
2325:
2297:
2269:
2242:
2187:
2140:
2088:Maroon, Habib (31 March 2013).
1237:
3720:Three Sundays of Commemoration
2376:University of California Press
2131:
2081:
2053:
2023:
1968:
1877:Lebanese Protestant Christians
13:
1:
3529:St. Maron's Cathedral, Sydney
2654:Gharbieh, Hussein M. (1996).
2643:"Lebanon: people and society"
2526:. Central Intelligence Agency
2306:Confrontation and Coexistence
1902:
1124:The relationship between the
40:المسيحيين الموارنة اللبنانيين
3736:Lebanese Maronite Christians
3694:Rafqa Pietra Choboq Ar-Rayès
3555:St. Sharbel Church, Portland
2720:Abdel-Nour, Antoine (1982).
2334:The Druzes and the Maronites
2194:Crawford, Robert W. (1955).
1142:1860 Mount Lebanon civil war
805:led to the establishment of
803:1860 Druze–Maronite conflict
520:Timeline of Lebanese history
36:Lebanese Maronite Christians
7:
3612:Maronite Convent, Jerusalem
3464:St George Cathedral, Beirut
2937:Assyrian Church of the East
2680:. Oxford University Press.
2674:Fahrenthold, Stacy (2019).
2352:Near East/South Asia Report
2153:The Jewish Quarterly Review
2149:"Who Killed Anastasius II?"
1872:Lebanese Melkite Christians
1813:
1754:, President of Lebanon 1982
1723:Christophe Zakhia El-Kassis
1326:Central Intelligence Agency
1160:
1150:Mount Lebanon Mutasarrifate
1121:by the end of the century.
1083:Sergius I of Constantinople
910:National Geographic Society
825:, and until the end of the
807:Mount Lebanon Mutasarrifate
748:المسيحية المارونية في لبنان
545:Mount Lebanon Mutasarrifate
10:
3808:
3766:Catholic Church portal
2742:www.catholic-hierarchy.org
2003:Jamie Stokes, ed. (2009).
1852:Catholic Church in Lebanon
1352:Total Lebanese Population
1164:
1155:
1132:has been characterized by
859:
616:French language in Lebanon
510:History of ancient Lebanon
3754:
3728:
3712:
3651:
3620:
3540:Church of Saidet et Tallé
3453:
3305:
3294:
3263:
3254:
3189:
3068:
3043:
2992:
2879:
2280:. Routledge. p. 32.
1312:
1304:
1299:
1291:
1286:
1278:
1273:
1265:
1258:
1251:
1246:
1220:Mount Lebanon Governorate
977:recognized Christianity.
85:
80:
63:
58:
46:
3638:Mariamite Maronite Order
3592:Monastery of Saint Maron
3550:St. Ann's Church, Albany
2775:20 November 2008 at the
2464:The Maronites in History
2412:. C. Hurst. p. 10.
2252:The Maronites in History
1098:Sixth Ecumenical Council
952:destruction of Jerusalem
854:president of the country
3628:Lebanese Maronite Order
3360:Archeparchy of Damascus
3320:Archeparchy of Antelias
3288:Bechara Boutros al-Rahi
3207:Constitution of Lebanon
3205:Under the terms of the
3201:Constitution of Lebanon
2791:26 January 2013 at the
2726:. Université Libanaise.
2623:Yahya, Houssam (2015).
2111:Mannheim, Ivan (2001).
1847:Christianity in Lebanon
1548:Nasrallah Boutros Sfeir
1078:was first advocated by
1015:, left Antioch for the
897:Maronites and the Druze
762:who are members of the
676:Coat of arms of Lebanon
449:Cultural Heritage sites
3704:Bl. Elias Peter Hoayek
3699:Bl. Istifan al-Duwayhi
3633:Antonin Maronite Order
3325:Archeparchy of Tripoli
2708:Heinrich Böll Stiftung
2495:. 2005. Archived from
2406:Vocke, Harald (1978).
2304:Artzi, Pinḥas (1984).
2276:Hazran, Yusri (2013).
2147:Frendo, J. D. (1982).
1892:Lebanese Sunni Muslims
1176:
1146:Maronite-Druze dualism
904:
877:
799:Maronite–Druze dualism
772:Christian denomination
567:South Lebanon conflict
3395:Archeparchy of Cyprus
3365:Archeparchy of Aleppo
3315:Archeparchy of Beirut
2433:Deeb, Marius (2013).
2249:Moosa, Matti (1986).
2060:Deeb, Marius (2013).
1975:Deeb, Marius (2013).
1887:Lebanese Shia Muslims
1807:Joseph Aoun (general)
1174:
950:especially after the
883:
867:
756:ܡܫܝܚܝ̈ܐ ܡܪ̈ܘܢܝܐ ܕܠܒܢܢ
3792:Maronites by country
3741:Cross of All Nations
3621:Religious institutes
3597:Monastery of Qozhaya
3576:Our Lady of Bechouat
2826:The Syriac Maronites
2807:13 June 2021 at the
2368:Fawaz, L.T. (1994).
1809:, Lebanese Commander
1694:President of Lebanon
1349:Maronite Population
1200:Council of Chalcedon
1104:In 687, the Emperor
1064:Council of Chalcedon
1048:Council of Chalcedon
1036:Council of Chalcedon
856:must be a Maronite.
666:Lebanese nationalism
402:United Arab Emirates
3566:Our Lady of Lebanon
3330:Archeparchy of Tyre
2956:Armenian Apostolics
1925:2001-2009.state.gov
1842:Religion in Lebanon
1800:, President of the
1735:Habib Pacha Es-Saad
1342:
1222:, southern part of
1210:, north of Beirut.
1013:St. John Chrysostom
990:Republic of Lebanon
963:Ignatius of Antioch
914:Genographic Project
831:1975–1990 civil war
552:1958 Lebanon crisis
184:Lebanese Christians
43:
3787:Lebanese Maronites
3669:Abraham of Cyrrhus
3370:Eparchy of Latakia
3340:Eparchy of Batroun
2918:Maronite Catholics
2908:Chaldean Catholics
2903:Armenian Catholics
2700:Fawwaz Traboulsi,
2499:on 16 January 2015
2332:CHURCHILL (1862).
1462:Elias Peter Hoayek
1338:
1247:Lebanese Maronites
1177:
1027:of the Desert and
905:
878:
787:Maronite Catholics
699:Lebanon portal
562:Lebanese Civil War
515:History of Lebanon
35:
3774:
3773:
3684:Nimatullah Kassab
3602:Mar Sarkis, Ehden
3571:Our Lady of Bekaa
3355:Eparchy of Zahleh
3345:Eparchy of Byblos
3214:
3213:
3064:
3063:
3039:
3038:
2988:
2987:
2951:Oriental Orthodox
2923:Melkite Catholics
2474:978-1-59333-182-5
2461:Moosa, M (2005).
2262:978-0-8156-2365-6
2124:978-1-900949-90-3
2016:978-1-4381-2676-0
1961:978-1-5381-2043-9
1740:Suleiman Frangieh
1729:Bechara El Khoury
1686:
1685:
1476:Youssef Bey Karam
1443:
1442:
1317:
1316:
1232:South Governorate
1228:Beqaa Governorate
1224:North Governorate
1066:. This doctrine,
1038:in 451. When the
1025:Anthony the Great
938:The followers of
733:
732:
641:Lebanese politics
530:County of Tripoli
240:Lebanese diaspora
138:
97:
96:
91:Maronite Catholic
16:(Redirected from
3799:
3764:
3763:
3689:Charbel Makhlouf
3674:Domnina of Syria
3390:Eparchy of Cairo
3350:Eparchy of Sidon
3300:
3257:West Syriac Rite
3241:
3234:
3227:
3218:
3217:
3041:
3040:
2990:
2989:
2928:Syriac Catholics
2886:
2885:
2867:
2866:
2855:
2848:
2841:
2832:
2831:
2813:
2753:
2752:
2750:
2748:
2734:
2728:
2727:
2717:
2711:
2698:
2692:
2691:
2671:
2665:
2664:
2662:
2651:
2645:
2640:
2634:
2633:
2631:
2620:
2614:
2613:
2611:
2609:
2595:
2589:
2588:
2586:
2584:
2573:
2567:
2566:
2564:
2562:
2547:
2536:
2535:
2533:
2531:
2520:
2509:
2508:
2506:
2504:
2485:
2479:
2478:
2458:
2452:
2451:
2437:. Hoover Press.
2430:
2424:
2423:
2403:
2397:
2396:
2394:
2392:
2365:
2359:
2358:
2347:
2341:
2340:
2329:
2323:
2322:
2301:
2295:
2294:
2273:
2267:
2266:
2246:
2240:
2239:
2191:
2185:
2184:
2144:
2138:
2135:
2129:
2128:
2108:
2102:
2101:
2099:
2097:
2085:
2079:
2078:
2064:. Hoover Press.
2057:
2051:
2050:
2048:
2046:
2037:. Archived from
2027:
2021:
2020:
2000:
1994:
1993:
1979:. Hoover Press.
1972:
1966:
1965:
1947:
1936:
1935:
1933:
1931:
1916:
1830:
1825:
1824:
1823:
1672:
1658:
1644:
1630:
1614:
1600:
1590:Brigitte Gabriel
1586:
1572:
1558:
1544:
1528:
1514:
1500:
1486:
1472:
1458:
1450:
1449:
1343:
1244:
1243:
1185:Eastern Catholic
1183:, Turkey) is an
1114:Byzantine Empire
960:Apostolic Father
885:Christian Church
827:Second World War
757:
752:Classical Syriac
749:
725:
718:
711:
697:
696:
695:
607:
435:Lebanese culture
162:Lebanese Muslims
132:
122:
99:
98:
75:Classical Syriac
70:Lebanese Aramaic
51:
44:
42:
41:
34:
21:
3807:
3806:
3802:
3801:
3800:
3798:
3797:
3796:
3777:
3776:
3775:
3770:
3758:
3750:
3724:
3708:
3647:
3616:
3583:
3557:
3531:
3449:
3301:
3292:
3259:
3250:
3248:Maronite Church
3245:
3215:
3210:
3204:
3193:Lebanese people
3185:
3060:
3035:
3017:Ismaili Shiites
3012:Alawite Shiites
3007:Shiite Twelvers
2984:
2966:Syriac Orthodox
2961:Coptic Orthodox
2913:Latin Catholics
2875:
2861:
2859:
2811:
2809:Wayback Machine
2793:Wayback Machine
2777:Wayback Machine
2762:
2757:
2756:
2746:
2744:
2736:
2735:
2731:
2718:
2714:
2699:
2695:
2688:
2672:
2668:
2660:
2652:
2648:
2641:
2637:
2629:
2621:
2617:
2607:
2605:
2597:
2596:
2592:
2582:
2580:
2575:
2574:
2570:
2560:
2558:
2549:
2548:
2539:
2529:
2527:
2522:
2521:
2512:
2502:
2500:
2487:
2486:
2482:
2475:
2459:
2455:
2445:
2431:
2427:
2420:
2404:
2400:
2390:
2388:
2386:
2366:
2362:
2348:
2344:
2330:
2326:
2316:
2302:
2298:
2288:
2274:
2270:
2263:
2247:
2243:
2212:10.2307/2848470
2192:
2188:
2165:10.2307/1454219
2145:
2141:
2136:
2132:
2125:
2109:
2105:
2095:
2093:
2086:
2082:
2072:
2058:
2054:
2044:
2042:
2041:on 18 July 2011
2029:
2028:
2024:
2017:
2001:
1997:
1987:
1973:
1969:
1962:
1948:
1939:
1929:
1927:
1917:
1910:
1905:
1857:Maronite Church
1826:
1821:
1819:
1816:
1802:Lebanese Forces
1792:Michel Suleiman
1787:Alfred Naqqache
1700:Camille Chamoun
1678:
1673:
1664:
1659:
1650:
1645:
1636:
1631:
1620:
1615:
1606:
1601:
1592:
1587:
1578:
1573:
1564:
1559:
1550:
1545:
1534:
1529:
1520:
1518:Camille Chamoun
1515:
1506:
1501:
1492:
1490:Charbel Makhluf
1487:
1478:
1473:
1464:
1459:
1448:
1319:
1318:
1310:
1297:
1284:
1271:
1240:
1216:
1169:
1167:Maronite Church
1163:
1158:
1087:Pope Honorius I
1002:Maronite Church
924:than another."
862:
819:Greater Lebanon
815:First World War
793:founded modern
764:Maronite Church
760:Lebanese people
729:
693:
691:
686:
685:
681:Flag of Lebanon
636:
628:
627:
605:
597:Lebanese Arabic
587:
579:
578:
557:Greater Lebanon
505:
497:
496:
430:
422:
421:
219:
211:
210:
152:Lebanese people
147:
146:Lebanese people
139:
131:
112:Lebanese people
72:
68:; historically
66:Lebanese Arabic
54:
37:
33:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3805:
3795:
3794:
3789:
3772:
3771:
3769:
3768:
3755:
3752:
3751:
3749:
3748:
3743:
3738:
3732:
3730:
3726:
3725:
3723:
3722:
3716:
3714:
3710:
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3707:
3706:
3701:
3696:
3691:
3686:
3681:
3676:
3671:
3666:
3661:
3655:
3653:
3649:
3648:
3646:
3645:
3640:
3635:
3630:
3624:
3622:
3618:
3617:
3615:
3614:
3609:
3604:
3599:
3594:
3589:
3585:
3584:
3578:
3573:
3568:
3563:
3559:
3558:
3552:
3547:
3542:
3537:
3533:
3532:
3526:
3521:
3516:
3511:
3506:
3501:
3496:
3491:
3486:
3481:
3476:
3471:
3466:
3461:
3457:
3455:
3451:
3450:
3448:
3447:
3442:
3437:
3432:
3427:
3422:
3417:
3412:
3407:
3402:
3397:
3392:
3387:
3382:
3377:
3372:
3367:
3362:
3357:
3352:
3347:
3342:
3337:
3332:
3327:
3322:
3317:
3311:
3309:
3303:
3302:
3295:
3293:
3291:
3290:
3285:
3280:
3275:
3269:
3267:
3261:
3260:
3255:
3252:
3251:
3244:
3243:
3236:
3229:
3221:
3212:
3211:
3190:
3187:
3186:
3184:
3183:
3178:
3173:
3168:
3163:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3098:
3093:
3088:
3083:
3078:
3072:
3070:
3066:
3065:
3062:
3061:
3059:
3058:
3053:
3047:
3045:
3037:
3036:
3034:
3033:
3028:
3022:
3021:
3020:
3019:
3014:
3009:
2998:
2996:
2986:
2985:
2983:
2982:
2977:
2971:
2970:
2969:
2968:
2963:
2958:
2947:
2946:
2944:Greek Orthodox
2940:
2939:
2933:
2932:
2931:
2930:
2925:
2920:
2915:
2910:
2905:
2894:
2892:
2883:
2877:
2876:
2858:
2857:
2850:
2843:
2835:
2829:
2828:
2823:
2814:
2795:
2779:
2761:
2760:External links
2758:
2755:
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2712:
2693:
2686:
2666:
2646:
2635:
2615:
2590:
2568:
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2473:
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2443:
2425:
2418:
2398:
2384:
2360:
2350:Hobby (1985).
2342:
2324:
2314:
2296:
2286:
2268:
2261:
2241:
2206:(2): 222–228.
2186:
2159:(3): 202–204.
2139:
2130:
2123:
2103:
2080:
2070:
2052:
2022:
2015:
1995:
1985:
1967:
1960:
1937:
1907:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1900:
1899:
1897:Lebanese Druze
1894:
1889:
1884:
1879:
1874:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1839:
1832:
1831:
1828:Lebanon portal
1815:
1812:
1811:
1810:
1804:
1795:
1789:
1784:
1778:
1773:
1767:
1764:Pierre Gemayel
1761:
1755:
1752:Bachir Gemayel
1749:
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1576:Pierre Gemayel
1574:
1567:
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1539:
1536:
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1532:Bachir Gemayel
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1215:
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1181:Hatay Province
1165:Main article:
1162:
1159:
1157:
1154:
1044:Pope Hormisdas
998:Hatay Province
918:Pierre Zalloua
893:Shuf Mountains
874:Bachir Gemayel
861:
858:
823:French Mandate
811:Ottoman Empire
770:, the largest
731:
730:
728:
727:
720:
713:
705:
702:
701:
688:
687:
684:
683:
678:
673:
668:
663:
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651:Prime Minister
648:
643:
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602:
601:
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584:
581:
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576:
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572:Taif Agreement
569:
559:
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522:
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502:
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209:
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196:
194:Greek Orthodox
191:
181:
180:
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174:
169:
159:
148:
145:
144:
141:
140:
135:Lebanese cedar
123:
115:
114:
108:
107:
106:of articles on
95:
94:
83:
82:
78:
77:
61:
60:
56:
55:
52:
31:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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3793:
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3784:
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3762:
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987:
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30:
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3146:Palestinians
3056:Baháʼí Faith
2917:
2890:Christianity
2869:Demographics
2745:. Retrieved
2741:
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2528:. Retrieved
2501:. Retrieved
2497:the original
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2083:
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2043:. Retrieved
2039:the original
2025:
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1998:
1990:
1976:
1970:
1951:
1928:. Retrieved
1924:
1836:Eduard Meron
1798:Samir Geagea
1781:Émile Lahoud
1746:Elias Sarkis
1676:Etienne Saqr
1662:Fouad Chehab
1618:Chekri Ganem
1604:Charles Corm
1339:
1330:
1323:
1320:
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1252:
1238:Demographics
1217:
1196:Monophysitic
1178:
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1103:
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1076:Monoenergism
1052:
1040:Monophysites
1033:
1006:
979:
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937:
926:
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889:Druze Khalwa
847:
835:Taif Accords
784:
758:) refers to
735:
734:
535:Ottoman rule
454:Architecture
412:Saudi Arabia
385:
384:
380:South Africa
375:Sierra Leone
283:
282:
246:
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238:
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221:
188:
87:Christianity
73:Liturgical:
64:Vernacular:
32:Ethnic group
29:
3460:Cathedrals:
3197:Middle East
3171:Sri Lankans
2975:Protestants
2812:(in Arabic)
2747:15 November
2608:26 December
2530:15 December
2503:28 December
2489:"Maronites"
1930:15 November
1770:Elias Hrawi
1706:Fuad Chehab
1696:(2016–2022)
1690:Michel Aoun
1355:Percentage
1226:, parts of
1138:coexistence
1119:Christendom
1110:John Maroun
1019:to lead an
975:Constantine
956:Saint Peter
386:Middle East
365:Ivory Coast
305:New Zealand
218:Communities
3781:Categories
3713:Traditions
3664:John Maron
3141:Pakistanis
3086:Bulgarians
2561:17 January
2045:25 January
1903:References
1718:Émile Eddé
1648:Daoud Corm
1130:Christians
922:Phoenician
740:Christians
466:Literature
204:Protestant
3536:Churches:
3307:Eparchies
3265:Patriarch
3091:Canadians
3081:Assyrians
3076:Armenians
2898:Catholics
2798:Aleppians
2766:Baladites
2706:(Beirut:
2599:"Lebanon"
2236:163021809
2220:0038-7134
2173:0021-6682
2096:3 October
1921:"Lebanon"
1436:4,044,784
1422:2,550,000
1408:1,407,858
1148:" in the
1080:Patriarch
1072:Jacobites
1060:Heraclius
1029:Pachomius
971:Pentarchy
778:and East
736:Lebanese
646:President
525:Phoenicia
345:Venezuela
310:Argentina
300:Australia
59:Languages
3729:See also
3562:Shrines:
3454:Churches
3166:Russians
3121:Italians
3111:Iranians
3026:Sunnites
2881:Religion
2805:Archived
2789:Archived
2782:Antonins
2773:Archived
2391:16 April
2200:Speculum
2092:. Nature
1814:See also
1634:Said Akl
1161:Religion
1117:Eastern
973:) after
789:and the
738:Maronite
635:Politics
586:Language
442:Religion
360:Paraguay
325:Colombia
284:Overseas
189:Maronite
156:religion
104:a series
102:Part of
81:Religion
3176:Syrians
3106:Indians
3002:Shiites
2980:Baptist
2873:Lebanon
2710:, 2014)
2583:13 June
2228:2848470
2181:1454219
1433:999,672
1419:586,500
1405:423,708
1394:785,543
1391:226,378
1380:609,069
1377:199,181
1366:487,600
1363:208,180
1333:Lebanon
1309:
1296:
1283:
1270:
1260:Percent
1156:Culture
1134:harmony
1021:ascetic
994:Antioch
944:Antioch
933:Antioch
901:Lebanon
860:History
839:Shiites
801:". The
795:Lebanon
768:Lebanon
623:English
606:Foreign
504:History
485:Cuisine
429:Culture
370:Senegal
355:Jamaica
340:Ecuador
330:Uruguay
253:Germany
199:Melkite
129:Lebanon
3679:Chayna
3652:Saints
3283:Dimane
3278:Bkerké
3162:groups
3156:Romani
3136:Malays
3116:Iraqis
3101:Greeks
3096:French
2684:
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2312:
2284:
2259:
2234:
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2218:
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2171:
2121:
2068:
2013:
1983:
1958:
1562:Elissa
1439:24.7%
1411:30.1%
1397:28.8%
1383:32.7%
1369:42.7%
1208:Bkerke
1188:Syriac
843:Sunnis
780:Beirut
744:Arabic
611:French
592:Arabic
478:Cinema
397:Kuwait
320:Mexico
315:Brazil
295:Canada
273:Greece
268:Sweden
258:France
247:Europe
228:Cyprus
125:Emblem
3659:Maron
3181:Turks
3151:Poles
3131:Kurds
3044:Other
3031:Druze
2994:Islam
2661:(PDF)
2630:(PDF)
2232:S2CID
2224:JSTOR
2177:JSTOR
1346:Year
1126:Druze
982:Maron
969:(the
929:Maron
791:Druze
492:Sport
473:Music
407:Qatar
392:Egypt
350:Haiti
335:Chile
278:Spain
233:Syria
177:Druze
172:Sunni
3191:The
3126:Jews
3051:Jews
2749:2022
2682:ISBN
2610:2022
2585:2013
2563:2016
2532:2013
2505:2013
2469:ISBN
2439:ISBN
2414:ISBN
2393:2015
2380:ISBN
2310:ISBN
2282:ISBN
2257:ISBN
2216:ISSN
2169:ISSN
2119:ISBN
2098:2013
2066:ISBN
2047:2010
2011:ISBN
1981:ISBN
1956:ISBN
1932:2022
1430:1988
1425:23%
1416:1975
1402:1956
1388:1932
1374:1921
1360:1861
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1192:Rome
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841:and
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167:Shia
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
