362:
pyramid. At the bottom of the shaft is a T-shaped crossway. To the left, this crossway leads south to the lower corridor, half-way of which is a narrow stairway, so narrow that a sarcophagus could hardly have been passed through it. The lower corridor then finishes in the king's burial chamber. In this area of the stairway, Barsanti drew another gallery leading above the burial chamber, but this gallery is absent in
Reisner's and Fisher's notes. To the right of the T-shaped crossway is a U-shaped gallery system. The ground plan of the gallery system resembles that of a comb, comprising rows of chambers, totalling 32, which were possibly destined to be storage rooms for the gravegoods. The gallery proved to be "clean and empty, as if the workmen had only left".
31:
424:
358:, almost 1000 years later. The egyptologists Vito Maraglioglio and Celeste Rinaldi proposed that this unique feature was chosen by the Egyptian architects in order to free the north side of the pyramid for the construction of a temple. Aidan Dodson showed however that in this situation, the pyramid construction ramp would have "impinged on any northern temple construction even more damagingly". Rather, he explains this unique eastern entrance as resulting from a desire by the architects to allow for easy access to the pyramid store rooms, located immediately beneath the eastern entrance.
448:
476:
460:
380:
the pyramid complex to be built. At the eastern side of the pyramid, the remnants of brick walls could indicate the presence of a mortuary temple, but the archaeological traces are so tenuous that any closer examination and more precise reconstruction is impossible today. The same goes for the ruins of a building several hundred metres away from the pyramid, and which might have been the valley temple. If this was indeed a valley temple, its east-west orientation would be unique in all pyramid complexes.
436:
332:
575:
404:. Of these cemeteries, only the one dating to the late 3rd Dynasty contains large tombs, of which are four mud brick mastabas. Reisner and Fisher observe that this is to be expected of the necropolis surrounding the pyramid of a pharaoh, the large tombs being those of the royal family and court officials. In particular, around 200 metres (660 ft) north of the layer pyramid is a huge mastaba, today known as
561:
1022:
221:
269:
the pyramid lies within a restricted military area since 1970 and consequently no excavation has been undertaken there since
Reisner and Fisher's superficial work, leaving the structures beneath the pyramid in doubt. Furthermore, the pyramid is now sanded up, hampering modern estimations of its dimensions.
365:
The king's burial chamber is located 26 m (85 ft) below ground, is nearly square in shape, with a base of 3.63 m × 2.65 m (11.9 ft × 8.7 ft), and a ceiling height of 3 m (9.8 ft). The burial chamber contained no traces of a sarcophagus, which together
268:
worked on the site, excavating the north and east exteriors of the pyramid as well as the cemeteries surrounding it. The dimensions of the pyramid as estimated by
Barsanti, Reisner and Fisher differ greatly and even the numbers of subterranean galleries they report are in disagreement. Unfortunately,
208:
The pyramid was excavated at the beginning of the 20th century by two different teams who reported conflicting estimates regarding its size and number of subterranean chambers. No artefacts were found over the course of the excavations, and no trace of a burial could be found. For this reason, it is
379:
The funerary complex of the layer pyramid shows no trace of an enclosure wall, which is present in both earlier and later pyramid complexes. This could be because the stones constituting the wall were robbed over time, or simply because the wall was never started, being usually the last element of
303:
estimated that the layer pyramid was originally planned to comprise five steps and would have reached c. 42–45 m (138–148 ft) in height. Today, only two of these steps remain, reaching a height of about 17 m (56 ft). The current ruined state of the pyramid allows a view of its
531:
c. 1300 BC, some 1400 years after Huni's lifetime. The Turin canon credits Huni with a relatively long reign of 24 years. According to
Stadelmann, this time would be sufficient to cover the time span needed to complete the building of the layer pyramid. He also argues that royal monuments of the
506:
and
Sekhemkhet, expecting the layer pyramid to have originally consisted of five steps, just as its near-contemporary predecessors. The layer pyramid exhibits at one site both complex developments concerning its substructures and simplifications concerning the building methods employed for the
361:
The entrance immediately leads to a 36 m (118 ft) long steep stairway and then down on to a corridor which heads west. The corridor ends in a straight vertical shaft, at the top of which is the so-called upper corridor, an unfinished passage which goes south toward the center of the
216:
belonging to the high officials of the 3rd
Dynasty state. A mortuary temple was built on the eastern side of the pyramid and a valley temple was possibly located several hundred metres from it. Nowadays, the pyramid is located within the confines of a restricted military area, barring modern
540:
name in a serekh and only later do they record the throne or birth name. Thus, the serekh of Khaba could correspond to the throne name Huni. In this case, the layer pyramid would be Huni's tomb. This conclusion is contested by most
Egyptologists who think that Huni instead built the
260:, who uncovered the vertical access shaft leading to the burial chamber. Barsanti, seeing that several corridors and chambers were seemingly unfinished and that all were completely devoid of artefacts, deemed that the pyramid had never been used. Shortly after, in 1910–1911,
416:
of king Khaba. Reisner and Fisher therefore conclude that "if the mastabas belong to people connected with the king who built the pyramid, it is probable that the king’s name was Khaba". This opinion is shared by most egyptologists who attribute the layer pyramid to Khaba.
304:
core, which is an 11 m (120 sq ft) pyramidal mound made of poor quality rough stone blocks taken from the local bedrock. This core is surrounded by a 2.6 m (8.5 ft) thick casing of the same masonry. This is in turn surrounded by 14 layers of
514:
The remaining problem about the layer pyramid is the question of who had it built. Most scholars today believe that it was likely king Khaba of the late 3rd
Dynasty. This conclusion is based on stone bowls and vases bearing the
320:, think that the building was left unfinished because of the pharaoh's premature death. In particular, no traces of outer cladding were found, which could hint that there never was one because the pyramid was not completed.
298:
The Layer
Pyramid has a square base whose side is about 84 m (276 ft) long, slightly smaller than the step pyramids of Djoser and Sekhemket. Based on the dimensions of the pyramid of Djoser, the egyptologist
308:
bonded with clay mortar and disposed almost vertically, with an inward inclination angle of 68°. Just as the inner-most stone casing of the pyramid core, each mud brick layer is 2.6 m (8.5 ft) thick.
423:
1831:
58:
1990:
1841:
1626:
656:
1846:
1826:
1784:
1821:
1719:
1705:
1613:
323:
Mud bricks were found at the base of the pyramid, which are not associated with the pyramid itself, but are interpreted as remnants of a construction ramp.
459:
1851:
2000:
1224:
1995:
354:
The entrance to the subterranean structures lies on the east, a disposition which would be unparalleled until the construction of the pyramid of
990:
730:
519:
of Khaba discovered in
Mastaba Z500, located just north of the pyramid. Rainer Stadelmann goes further and identifies Khaba with king
1691:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2005:
1916:
1761:
1754:
1747:
1740:
1733:
598:
2035:
447:
856:
900:
835:
653:
253:. The latter undertook excavations of the pyramid but stopped after clearing the first few steps of the descending stairway.
1600:
1455:
1048:
1025:
681:
249:
unsuccessfully searched for the entrance of the subterranean passages of the pyramid, which was discovered in 1896 by
1951:
960:
778:
435:
1631:
209:
unclear whether the pyramid was used to bury a pharaoh or was abandoned following the premature death of the king.
983:
486:
The architecture of the layer pyramid allows it to be securely dated to the time span between the reigns of king
812:
1677:
533:
1836:
1159:
809:"The Work of the Harvard University - Museum of Fine Arts Egyptian Expedition" (pyramid of Zawiyet el-Aryan)
1813:
1366:
1724:
1710:
1883:
1658:
528:
507:
superstructure. According to these egyptologists, the layer pyramid is a clearly advanced version of the
397:
282:
The Layer Pyramid lies close to the necropolis of Zawyet El Aryan, 8 km (5.0 mi) south-west of
1798:
1554:
976:
1647:
1640:
1546:
1489:
1398:
1010:
588:
339:
The disposition of the substructures of the layer pyramid is extremely similar to that found in the
2030:
1564:
1338:
1039:
1014:
811:, Bulletin of the Museum of Fine Arts (BMFA) 9, Boston, No. 54 Vol. IX (December 1911), pp. 54-59,
593:
429:
The layer pyramid as seen from the east, just prior to Reisner and Fisher excavations in 1910-1911.
242:
1594:
1531:
1473:
1355:
1333:
1177:
925:
vol. 39. Institut français d'archéologie orientale - Bibliothèque d'études, Paris 1962, p. 19-22.
495:
393:
265:
312:
Whether the pyramid was finished or left unfinished is disputed among experts. The egyptologist
1666:
1618:
1589:
1572:
1509:
1413:
1350:
1320:
1246:
1240:
1131:
1089:
401:
389:
179:
46:
1577:
1213:
952:
919:
Histoire monumentale des pyramides d'Égypte. Volume 1: Les pyramides à degrés (IIIe Dynastie)
1868:
1441:
1360:
1074:
566:
545:, point to the apparent unfinished state of the layer pyramid and identify Khaba with king
238:
8:
1671:
1517:
1372:
1235:
1218:
1124:
580:
499:
300:
257:
212:
At the time of its construction the pyramid was surrounded by a necropolis housing large
366:
with the absence of artefacts in the gallery, hints to the premature death of the king.
351:
and others suggest that the two pyramids must have been constructed very close in time.
1494:
1436:
1431:
1328:
1145:
1138:
1891:
1426:
1345:
1230:
1152:
1117:
1097:
999:
956:
896:
831:
774:
718:
603:
313:
250:
234:
30:
1391:
1186:
1166:
523:, the last ruler of the 3rd Dynasty. His hypothesis is based on his reading of the
475:
1499:
1421:
1403:
766:
660:
524:
479:
317:
187:
167:
855:, Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt, Vol. 37 (2000), pp. 81-90,
626:
502:
compare the architecture of the layer pyramid with that of the step pyramids of
1484:
1385:
1103:
729:. Band II, Conceil Suprême des Antiquités de l’Égypte, Kairo 2007, p. 425–431,
542:
508:
340:
261:
246:
198:
727:
The Archaeology and Art of Ancient Egypt. Essays in Honor of David B. O’Connor
233:
The Layer Pyramid was first examined and its surroundings explored in 1839 by
1984:
1966:
1953:
1926:
1779:
1583:
465:
Nearly vertical masonry of mud-brick of the layer pyramid, looking east 1910.
74:
60:
388:
The layer pyramid is surrounded by a total of five cemeteries dating to the
1936:
1911:
1774:
1378:
1302:
1295:
1288:
1281:
1274:
1267:
1260:
1253:
1200:
290:. The main structure is located on a rock ridge just above the floodplain.
175:
110:
680:, Annales du service des antiquités de l'Égypte, Vol. 2, 1902, pp. 92-94,
132:
planned to be 42–45 m (138–148 ft), today 17 m (56 ft)
1207:
888:
645:
355:
348:
723:
King Huni: His Monuments and His Place in the History of the Old Kingdom
1931:
1696:
487:
202:
183:
1766:
1309:
344:
305:
968:
197:. The pyramid architecture, however, is very similar to that of the
316:
believes that the pyramid was indeed finished, but others, such as
122:
1684:
546:
287:
213:
191:
331:
1607:
1193:
828:
Zawiyet el-Aryan - The Cemeteries Adjacent To The Layer Pyramid
516:
503:
491:
413:
409:
159:
574:
1921:
537:
237:. Soon after, in 1848, the pyramid was identified as such by
194:
42:
853:
The Layer Pyramid of Zawiyet El-Aryan Its Layout and Context
520:
283:
220:
205:
and for this reason is firmly datable to the 3rd Dynasty.
1991:
Buildings and structures completed in the 27th century BC
190:. Its ownership is uncertain and may be attributable to
256:
Further investigations were then performed in 1900 by
556:
482:
bowl bearing the serekh of Khaba from Mastaba Z500.
369:
335:Section of the pyramid, showing the substructures.
1982:
241:, who listed it as number XIV in his pioneering
1225:Unfinished Northern Pyramid of Zawyet el'Aryan
725:. In: Zahi A. Hawass, Janet Richards (Hrsg.):
650:Z500 and The Layer Pyramid of Zawiyet-el-Aryan
641:
639:
637:
635:
984:
453:Mud-brick masonry of the layer pyramid, 1910.
174:, meaning 'rubble-hill pyramid') is a ruined
678:Ouverture de la pyramide de Zaouiet el-Aryân
632:
991:
977:
672:
670:
668:
29:
2001:3rd-millennium BC establishments in Egypt
884:
803:
801:
799:
797:
795:
793:
791:
789:
787:
498:. Rainer Stadelmann, Miroslav Verner and
936:L'architettura delle Piramidi Menfite II
882:
880:
878:
876:
874:
872:
870:
868:
866:
864:
847:
845:
843:
599:Egyptian pyramid construction techniques
474:
330:
219:
182:(2686 BC to 2613 BC) and located in the
947:Jaromir Malek in Ian Shaw, ed. (2000):
665:
470:
1996:Pyramids of the Third Dynasty of Egypt
1983:
1047:
913:
911:
909:
822:
820:
784:
762:
760:
758:
714:
712:
710:
441:North face of the layer pyramid, 1910.
1038:
998:
972:
895:, London: Thames & Hudson, 2008,
861:
840:
756:
754:
752:
750:
748:
746:
744:
742:
740:
738:
708:
706:
704:
702:
700:
698:
696:
694:
692:
690:
623:Denkmäler aus Aegypten und Aethiopien
286:and 7 km (4.3 mi) north of
1021:
1812:
949:The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt
906:
830:, Museum of Fine Art, Boston 1978,
817:
527:, a kinglist compiled in the early
374:
228:
171:
13:
735:
687:
625:, Text 1, p.128, Pyramid no. XIV,
245:. Around 40 years later, in 1886,
14:
2047:
293:
1020:
934:V. Maraglioglio and C. Rinaldi:
573:
559:
458:
446:
434:
422:
2026:1910 archaeological discoveries
2021:1900 archaeological discoveries
2016:1896 archaeological discoveries
2011:1848 archaeological discoveries
2006:1839 archaeological discoveries
941:
928:
370:Funerary complex and necropolis
326:
2036:Ancient Egyptian step pyramids
807:G.A. Reisner and C.S. Fisher:
615:
549:mentioned on the Turin canon.
534:first three Egyptian dynasties
272:
35:The ruins of the layer pyramid
1:
609:
383:
113:(planned to comprise 5 steps)
16:Archaeological site in Egypt
7:
951:, Oxford University Press,
938:, (Rapallo,1963), p. 41-49.
773:. Rowohlt, Wiesbaden 1999,
552:
277:
10:
2052:
224:Plan of the Layer Pyramid.
41:Owner uncertain, possibly
1907:
1882:
1867:
1797:
1657:
1563:
1545:
1530:
1508:
1469:
1454:
1412:
1319:
1176:
1088:
1073:
1034:
1011:List of Egyptian pyramids
1006:
953:excerpts available online
589:List of Egyptian pyramids
412:bowls inscribed with the
217:excavations of the site.
144:
136:
128:
117:
106:
98:
52:
40:
28:
23:
654:Excerpt available online
594:Lepsius list of pyramids
1917:Construction techniques
140:84 m (276 ft)
75:29.932820°N 31.161262°E
1832:Sekhemre-Wepmaat Intef
1678:Southern South Saqqara
621:Karl Richard Lepsius:
536:only present a king's
483:
408:, which yielded eight
336:
225:
1967:29.93278°N 31.16111°E
1456:1 Intermediate Period
917:Jean-Philippe Lauer:
893:The Complete Pyramids
494:, the founder of the
478:
334:
223:
923:Bibliothèque d'étude
676:Alexandre Barsanti:
567:Ancient Egypt portal
471:Date and attribution
396:, late 3rd Dynasty,
239:Karl Richard Lepsius
180:3rd Dynasty of Egypt
164:el haram el midawwar
121:natural bedrock and
80:29.932820; 31.161262
1963: /
1799:Second Intermediate
1247:Mastabet el-Fara'un
581:Architecture portal
500:Jean-Philippe Lauer
301:Jean-Philippe Lauer
258:Alessandro Barsanti
70: /
1972:29.93278; 31.16111
1842:Senakhtenre Ahmose
1160:Zawyet el-Maiyitin
659:2014-10-13 at the
484:
337:
266:Clarence S. Fisher
226:
158:(known locally in
1945:
1944:
1903:
1902:
1863:
1862:
1837:Nubkheperre Intef
1793:
1792:
1526:
1525:
1450:
1449:
1069:
1068:
1065:
1064:
1000:Egyptian pyramids
955:p. 87 & 482.
901:978-0-500-28547-3
836:978-0-87846-108-0
719:Rainer Stadelmann
604:Egyptian pyramids
490:and that of king
314:Rainer Stadelmann
251:Jacques de Morgan
235:John Shae Perring
152:
151:
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1978:
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986:
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932:
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904:
886:
859:
857:Available online
849:
838:
824:
815:
813:available online
805:
782:
764:
733:
731:available online
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682:available online
674:
663:
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627:available online
619:
583:
578:
577:
569:
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562:
529:Ramesside period
462:
450:
438:
426:
375:Funerary complex
347:. Consequently,
243:list of pyramids
229:Research history
173:
94:
93:
91:
90:
89:
87:
86:Pyramid of Khaba
82:
81:
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71:
68:
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66:
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33:
21:
20:
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2050:
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2031:Zawyet El Aryan
1981:
1980:
1971:
1969:
1965:
1962:
1957:
1954:
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1950:
1949:
1948:
1946:
1941:
1899:
1897:
1873:
1872:
1871:
1859:
1857:
1803:
1802:
1801:
1789:
1764:
1722:
1720:South Dahshur B
1708:
1706:South Dahshur A
1694:
1653:
1629:
1627:Central Dahshur
1616:
1559:
1555:Reherishefnakht
1536:
1535:
1534:
1522:
1504:
1478:
1460:
1459:
1458:
1446:
1408:
1336:
1315:
1172:
1079:
1078:
1077:
1061:
1030:
1002:
997:
967:
946:
942:
933:
929:
916:
907:
887:
862:
850:
841:
825:
818:
806:
785:
767:Miroslav Verner
765:
736:
717:
688:
675:
666:
661:Wayback Machine
644:
633:
620:
616:
612:
579:
572:
565:
560:
558:
555:
511:of Sekhemkhet.
473:
466:
463:
454:
451:
442:
439:
430:
427:
386:
377:
372:
329:
318:Miroslav Verner
296:
280:
275:
231:
188:Zawyet El Aryan
85:
83:
79:
77:
73:
72:
69:
64:
61:
59:
57:
56:
36:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2049:
2039:
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2023:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1943:
1942:
1940:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1908:
1905:
1904:
1901:
1900:
1895:
1894:
1888:
1886:
1877:
1874:(1570–1070 BC)
1865:
1864:
1861:
1860:
1855:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1829:
1824:
1818:
1816:
1807:
1804:(1650–1570 BC)
1795:
1794:
1791:
1790:
1788:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1772:
1758:
1751:
1744:
1737:
1730:
1716:
1702:
1688:
1681:
1674:
1669:
1663:
1661:
1655:
1654:
1652:
1651:
1648:North Mazghuna
1644:
1641:South Mazghuna
1637:
1623:
1611:
1604:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1580:
1575:
1569:
1567:
1561:
1560:
1558:
1557:
1551:
1549:
1540:
1537:(2040–1650 BC)
1532:Middle Kingdom
1528:
1527:
1524:
1523:
1521:
1520:
1514:
1512:
1506:
1505:
1503:
1502:
1497:
1492:
1490:Neferkare Neby
1487:
1481:
1479:
1477:
1476:
1470:
1464:
1461:(2181–2040 BC)
1452:
1451:
1448:
1447:
1445:
1444:
1439:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1418:
1416:
1410:
1409:
1407:
1406:
1401:
1399:Djedkare-Isesi
1396:
1389:
1382:
1375:
1370:
1363:
1358:
1353:
1348:
1343:
1331:
1325:
1323:
1317:
1316:
1314:
1313:
1306:
1299:
1292:
1285:
1278:
1271:
1264:
1257:
1250:
1243:
1238:
1233:
1228:
1221:
1216:
1211:
1204:
1197:
1190:
1182:
1180:
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1171:
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1163:
1156:
1149:
1142:
1135:
1128:
1121:
1114:
1107:
1100:
1094:
1092:
1083:
1080:(2686–2181 BC)
1071:
1070:
1067:
1066:
1063:
1062:
1060:
1059:
1053:
1051:
1042:
1032:
1031:
1029:
1028:
1018:
1007:
1004:
1003:
996:
995:
988:
981:
973:
966:
965:
940:
927:
905:
860:
851:Aidan Dodson:
839:
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509:buried pyramid
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294:Superstructure
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262:George Reisner
247:Gaston Maspero
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178:dating to the
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156:Layer Pyramid
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39:
32:
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24:Layer Pyramid
22:
19:
1947:
1937:Pyramidology
1912:Step pyramid
1896:
1856:
1822:Sobekemsaf I
1760:
1753:
1746:
1739:
1732:
1718:
1704:
1690:
1683:
1676:
1646:
1639:
1625:
1606:
1599:
1595:Senusret III
1582:
1392:
1384:
1379:Lepsius XXIV
1377:
1365:
1356:Khentkaus II
1334:Neferhetepes
1308:
1301:
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1287:
1280:
1273:
1266:
1259:
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722:
677:
649:
622:
617:
513:
485:
406:Mastaba Z500
405:
402:Roman Period
398:18th Dynasty
387:
378:
364:
360:
353:
338:
327:Substructure
322:
311:
297:
281:
255:
232:
211:
207:
176:step pyramid
172:الهرم المدور
163:
155:
153:
111:Step Pyramid
18:
1970: /
1869:New Kingdom
1765: [
1723: [
1709: [
1695: [
1667:Ameny Qemau
1630: [
1617: [
1590:Senusret II
1573:Amenemhat I
1351:Neferirkare
1337: [
1241:Khentkaus I
1132:Elephantine
1075:Old Kingdom
889:Mark Lehner
646:Mark Lehner
525:Turin canon
496:4th Dynasty
394:2nd Dynasty
390:1st Dynasty
356:Senusret II
349:Mark Lehner
273:Description
99:Constructed
78: /
53:Coordinates
47:3rd Dynasty
1985:Categories
1955:29°55′58″N
1932:Pyramidion
1614:Neferuptah
1578:Senusret I
1367:Unfinished
1139:Edfu South
610:References
547:Hudjefa II
488:Sekhemkhet
384:Necropolis
306:mud bricks
203:Sekhemkhet
184:necropolis
102:c. 2630 BC
84: (
65:31°09′41″E
62:29°55′58″N
1958:31°9′40″E
1442:Sesheshet
1361:Neferefre
1310:Lepsius L
1118:Lepsius I
345:Sekhemket
123:mudbricks
1672:Khendjer
1518:Merikare
1393:Headless
1373:Nyuserre
1236:Menkaure
1219:Djedefre
1125:Athribis
1057:Pyramids
903:, p. 96.
657:Archived
553:See also
480:Dolomite
278:Location
214:mastabas
201:of king
118:Material
1692:SAK S 7
1685:SAK S 3
1437:Pepi II
1432:Merenre
1329:Userkaf
1146:el-Kula
1049:Dynasty
1026:Commons
1015:Lepsius
1013: (
288:Saqqara
192:pharaoh
1892:Ahmose
1852:Kamose
1762:DAS 53
1755:DAS 51
1748:DAS 50
1741:DAS 49
1734:DAS 46
1608:Hawara
1427:Pepi I
1386:Double
1346:Sahure
1231:Khafre
1194:Meidum
1153:Naqada
1104:Buried
1098:Djoser
1040:Period
959:
899:
834:
777:
517:serekh
504:Djoser
492:Snofru
414:serekh
410:marble
168:Arabic
160:Arabic
129:Height
1927:Texts
1922:Seked
1884:XVIII
1769:]
1727:]
1713:]
1699:]
1634:]
1621:]
1601:Black
1584:White
1341:]
1214:Khufu
1187:Seila
1167:Sinki
1111:Layer
538:horus
195:Khaba
145:Slope
43:Khaba
1814:XVII
1780:S 10
1659:XIII
1500:Khui
1474:VIII
1422:Teti
1404:Unas
1303:G3-c
1296:G3-b
1289:G3-a
1282:G2-a
1275:G1-d
1268:G1-c
1261:G1-b
1254:G1-a
1201:Bent
957:ISBN
897:ISBN
832:ISBN
775:ISBN
521:Huni
400:and
284:Giza
264:and
154:The
137:Base
107:Type
1775:S 9
1565:XII
1495:Ibi
1485:Ity
1208:Red
1090:III
343:of
186:of
162:as
148:68°
1987::
1767:de
1725:de
1711:de
1697:de
1632:de
1619:de
1547:XI
1414:VI
1339:de
1178:IV
921:,
908:^
891::
863:^
842:^
819:^
786:^
769::
737:^
721::
689:^
667:^
652:,
648::
634:^
392:,
170::
166:,
45:,
1510:X
1321:V
1017:)
992:e
985:t
978:v
963:.
684:.
629:.
88:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
