67:
57:
1360:
295:, but the rest resettled to Germany, England, Australia, Canada, the United States, and other countries. From 1939 to 1951, 40,000 Latvians immigrated to the United States with the help of the U.S. government and various social service and religious organizations. Although many of these refugees had been professionals in their country, in the United States they often had to take jobs as farmhands, custodians, or builders until they could learn English and find better paying jobs.
439:
493:
511:
475:
364:
529:
457:
403:
385:
50:
421:
1346:
713:
2818:
547:
266:. Many of these immigrants were political leaders and rank-and-file revolutionaries who could be killed by Russian soldiers if they were discovered, so they emigrated to survive and continue the revolutionary movement in other countries. Most of the Latvian revolutionaries were more politically radical than the earlier immigrants to the United States, which increased social friction within a number of communities.
660:
647:
634:
621:
608:
595:
348:. Many Latvian Americans (about 9,000) have dual citizenship, which the country made available to emigrants after becoming independent of the Soviet Union. Since the late 20th century, more Latvian Americans have traveled to Latvia. Others provide financial support and give material to various organizations. Some Latvian Americans have settled there and been elected to the Saeima, or Parliament, in Latvia.
302:, Philadelphia, and Chicago. They did not settle in ethnic neighborhoods and relied on social events and the press for a sense of community. Within a few years, Latvian organizations created schools, credit unions, choirs, dance groups, theater troupes, publishers and book sellers, churches, veterans' groups (e.g. the
306:, Hawks of the Daugava), and political organizations to help continue their culture and language. Since the annexation of the Baltic states was not recognized by the United States and many other countries, many kept Latvian passports, issued by the
686:
Most
Latvian Americans speak English, while Latvian (also known as Lettish) is basically the language spoken by American Latvians of the first generation due to intermarriage. As for religion, although most Latvians Americans are
1408:
66:
269:
In 1917, many
Latvian revolutionaries returned to their homeland to work for the creation of a Bolshevik government. In 1918, when Latvia declared its independence, some nationalists also returned.
1109:(Edvards Liedskalniņš, 1887–1951), amateur sculptor;, builder of Coral Castle in Florida; claimed to have discovered the ancient magnetic levitation secrets used to construct the Egyptian pyramids
1594:
956:
317:
272:
After the First World War, the promise of economic improvements in the newly independent nation, immigration quotas established in 1924 by the United States, and the
2071:
328:
According to the 2000 census, a total of 87,564 people of
Latvian descent lived in the United States. The larger populations are located in the states of
2564:
2549:
2303:
1598:
288:
1618:
284:
1763:"Daughter of Latvian refugees receives top technological award at White House :: The Baltic Course | Baltic States news & analytics"
2920:
852:
2910:
208:. By the end of the century, many of those Latvian immigrants had moved on to settle primarily in other East Coast and Midwest cities, such as
1483:
1974:
1484:"Exploring the library of Latvian socialists in San Francisco, California: activities of the early Latvian political emigration, 1905-1917"
320:; however, few of the later immigrants or descendants of earlier generations have returned. They have made new lives in the United States.
251:
Some immigrants also established themselves in rural areas, but they were few and usually did not form long-lasting communities. The first
1707:
674:
The majority of
Latvians immigrants to the United States after World War II were university graduates. Many were academics or belonged to
2915:
1271:
2777:
2800:
2403:
952:
276:
all contributed to reduced emigration from Latvia to the US. From 1920 to 1939, only 4,669 Latvians arrived in the United States.
695:
communities, represented by the
American Latvian Catholic Association, as well as American Latvian Baptists and American Latvian
777:
948:
749:
1270:(Estere Sāns-Takeuči, born 1953), Greatbatch Professor of Advanced Power Sources at University of Buffalo; recipient of the
1805:
1283:
1422:
Saulītis, Andris; Mieriņa, Inta (2019), "Latvian
Emigrants in the United States: Different Waves, Different Identities?",
2607:
756:
307:
1388:
730:
1846:
1539:
1441:
1287:
877:
796:
292:
2710:
1967:
945:
763:
225:
2873:
2770:
2703:
1827:
1100:
734:
745:
2697:
2620:
969:(Vija Celmiņš, born 1938), painter; won a Fellow Award in the Visual Arts from United States Artists in 2009
2734:
2741:
1960:
1042:
980:
893:
1091:(born 1960), artist, professor of sculpture and director of graduate studies at the Yale School of Art
2763:
2667:
2531:
2505:
2061:
256:
193:
204:
The first significant wave of
Latvian settlers who immigrated to the United States came in 1888 to
2645:
1659:
1570:
1010:
865:
723:
263:
2718:
2554:
1711:
986:
972:
873:
770:
2638:
1327:(born 1993), soccer player for the Seattle Sounders and the United States National Soccer team
912:(born Aron Mendel Michelson, 1886–1961), psychologist known for the first audio recordings of
2858:
2631:
2477:
2420:
2318:
2211:
2116:
1168:
2539:
2415:
2308:
2244:
2226:
2136:
2121:
1660:"Latvian Americans - History, The first latvians in america, Significant immigration waves"
1571:"Latvian Americans - History, The first Latvians in America, Significant immigration waves"
1365:
1267:
1178:
856:
161:
1143:(Juris Luziņš, born 1947), 1971 US National Championship winner in the men's 800-meter run
8:
2889:
2625:
2600:
2283:
2231:
2216:
2166:
2056:
2042:
1172:
1158:
1016:
913:
1762:
1506:
Reference
Library of European America: Ethnic essays, Irish Americans to Welsh Americans
244:. Although most Latvians settled in cities, in most of these (with the exception of the
2868:
2863:
2559:
2425:
2393:
2388:
2378:
2368:
2352:
2323:
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2187:
2146:
2111:
2027:
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1983:
1811:
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1106:
935:
516:
2832:
2723:
2570:
2520:
2466:
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2430:
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2398:
2383:
2347:
2333:
2328:
2288:
2278:
2257:
2237:
2197:
2192:
2156:
2141:
2131:
2090:
2048:
2034:
1842:
1831:
1823:
1637:
1545:
1535:
1509:
1437:
1247:
298:
Most
Latvians settled in cities because of economic opportunities, such as New York,
2252:
1164:
2786:
2657:
2512:
2485:
2451:
2373:
2182:
2151:
2126:
2085:
2066:
2007:
1427:
1378:
1060:
390:
333:
273:
233:
177:
131:
127:
99:
37:
2594:
2578:
2525:
2471:
2339:
2298:
2161:
2095:
2002:
1432:
1330:
1298:
1223:
1205:
1199:
1066:
995:
869:
861:
245:
248:
district of Boston) they lived dispersed and did not form ethnic neighborhoods.
2544:
2077:
1324:
1318:
1261:
1217:
1088:
1082:
1048:
1025:
929:
909:
824:
675:
148:
1786:
Andersons, Edgars, and M. G. Slavenas. "The
Latvian and Lithuanian Press." in
1513:
1196:(Lūcija Pēka, 1912–1991), artist, painter of "Flowers", "Riga", and "The Well"
1034:(born 1934), jazz musician; known for his musical score in the movies such as
262:
A new wave of Latvian immigration began around 1906, after the failure of the
2904:
2853:
1815:
1549:
1351:
1312:
1292:
1235:
1211:
1152:
1128:
1076:
923:
903:
848:
444:
345:
241:
209:
56:
1683:
283:, tens of thousands Latvians fled their country to Western Europe to escape
2020:
1947:
1277:
1229:
1146:
1140:
1134:
1070:
1054:
1005:
966:
881:
810:
498:
280:
213:
1788:
The Ethnic Press in the United States: A Historical Analysis and Handbook,
1456:
1250:(Raimonds Staprāns, born 1926), Latvian/American painter and playwright (
1241:
1183:
1122:
1094:
1031:
1001:
941:
830:
692:
252:
237:
144:
2805:
1804:
edited by Thomas Riggs, (3rd ed., vol. 3, Gale, 2014), pp. 65–78.
1302:
1193:
1115:(Ari Steprenss Līfs, born 1994), singer, songwriter and record producer
737: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
480:
369:
352:
329:
95:
2615:
1952:
1118:
1020:
960:
889:
688:
255:
church built by Latvians in the United States was erected in 1906 in
217:
185:
115:
111:
712:
2755:
2673:
2491:
2203:
1383:
1306:
1112:
534:
462:
408:
337:
189:
165:
107:
103:
1932:
1457:"Gaiss svaigs kā Kurzemes mūžamežā: Linkolnas kolonija Viskonsīnā"
2817:
1942:
1922:
1877:
1565:
1563:
1561:
1559:
1036:
976:
885:
426:
341:
229:
221:
196:, there are 93,498 Americans of full or partial Latvian descent.
1028:(Pols Grasmanis, born 1974), former NFL American football player
313:
From 1980 to 1990, 1,006 Latvians arrived in the United States.
2498:
1887:
696:
299:
205:
49:
1795:
The Latvians in America, 1640–1973: A Chronology and Fact Book
1556:
2013:
1892:
1632:
1630:
1628:
1626:
1321:(born 1982), YouTuber, makeup artist and Internet personality
1232:(Laila Robiņa, born 1959), stage, film and television actress
990:
259:, where an agricultural colony had been established in 1897.
1912:
1882:
897:
552:
1623:
1872:
1862:
1301:(born 1936), physicist; co-inventor of three-dimensional
906:(Svens Birkerts, born 1951), essayist and literary critic
1907:
1839:
American Latvians : Politics of a Refugee Community
959:
from 2011 to 2014, until his historic primary defeat by
1902:
1897:
1867:
1426:, Springer International Publishing, pp. 203–229,
1286:(born 1992), American-Latvian basketball player in the
833:(Ilya Zalmanovich Baskin, born 1950), character actor (
1937:
1893:
Kalifornijas Latviešu Uzņēmēju Biznesa Saiets "KLUBS"
1793:
Kārklis, Maruta, Līga Streips, and Laimonis Streips.
1004:(1908–2003), actor and dancer; known for his role as
827:(born 1992), pornographic actress, model, and club DJ
1917:
1913:
Latvian Ev. Luth. Church of New York & Community
1529:
1341:
1177:
Peters Munters, musician with the bands Over it and
1927:
1790:
edited by Sally M. Miller. (Greenwood Press, 1987).
1733:
1264:(Haralds Šnepsts, born 1954), NHL ice hockey player
932:(Čeiss Badingers, born 1988), NBA basketball player
355:with the largest Latvian-American populations are:
1883:Dienvidkalifornijas Latviešu Informācijas Biļetens
1873:Čikāgas latviešu vēsture - Chicago Latvian History
1619:Category:American people of Latvian-Jewish descent
1333:(Markuss Zuševics, born 1989), NFL football player
310:, but most acquired American citizenship as well.
1888:Embassy of Latvia to the United States of America
1463:. Latvieši pasaulē – muzejs un pētniecības centrs
1409:"American Community Survey 2019 1-Year Estimates"
1121:(Leors Dimants, born 1972), DJ for rap-rock band
2902:
1097:(Maiks Knuble, born 1972), NHL ice hockey player
989:(Jēkabs Jufess, 1831–1908), tailor, inventor of
291:. About half were eventually repatriated to now-
1734:""Latvian Art in Exile," The Latvian Institute"
1421:
1918:Latvian Evangelical Lutheran Church in America
1820:Harvard Encyclopedia of American Ethnic Groups
568:Latvian-born population in the US since 2010:
2771:
1968:
1800:Straumanis, Andris. "Latvian Americans." in
926:(Āris Brīmanis, born 1972), ice hockey player
29:
1532:Encyclopedia of race, ethnicity, and society
853:United States men's national volleyball team
1802:Gale Encyclopedia of Multicultural America,
1295:(Pēteris Tillers, 1943–2015), legal scholar
1272:National Medal of Technology and Innovation
2778:
2764:
1975:
1961:
1149:(Zinta Valda Ziemelis, 1937–2014), actress
1063:(Filips Halsmans, 1906–1979), photographer
851:(Aldis Bērziņš, born 1956), member of the
681:
563:
65:
1750:Elizabetes iela 57, Rīga, LV 1050, LATVIA
1508:. Gale Research. 1998. pp. 373–375.
1431:
1238:(born 1961), musician, performance artist
864:(Gunārs Birkerts, 1925–2017), architect (
797:Learn how and when to remove this message
2921:European diaspora in the United States
2903:
1982:
1943:The Philadelphia Society of Free Letts
1315:(Makss Veinreihs, 1893–1969), linguist
1280:(1963–2016), marine biologist and poet
1244:(Markus Rotkovičs, 1903–1970), painter
813:(Rūta Skrastiņa, born 1942), actress (
318:reestablished its independence in 1991
2911:Latvian diaspora in the United States
2759:
1956:
953:Virginia's 7th congressional district
2785:
1948:Union of Latvian Baptists in America
1836:
1525:
1523:
1500:
1498:
1496:
735:adding citations to reliable sources
706:
90:Regions with significant populations
1226:(born 1962), orchestrator, composer
1214:(1932–1994), composer and conductor
1202:(Brita Pētersone, born 1979), model
1131:(born 1990), professional strongman
224:, as well as coastal cities on the
13:
2916:American people of Latvian descent
1908:Latvian Cultural Association TILTS
1868:American Latvian Youth Association
1780:
1534:. SAGE Publications. p. 839.
1481:
1103:(1900–1992), Impressionist painter
308:Latvian Embassy in Washington D.C.
71:Latvian American activists in 1988
14:
2932:
1938:Pasaules Brīvo Latviešu Apvienība
1856:
1520:
1493:
1288:Israeli Basketball Premier League
1069:(1928–2022), computer scientist,
1008:in the popular television series
878:Kemper Museum of Contemporary Art
702:
2816:
1358:
1344:
938:(born 1943), surgeon, researcher
711:
659:
658:
646:
645:
633:
632:
620:
619:
607:
606:
594:
593:
545:
527:
509:
491:
473:
455:
437:
419:
401:
383:
362:
192:ancestry. According to the 2008
55:
48:
1810:Anderson, Edgar. "Latvians" in
1765:. The Baltic Course. 2009-10-14
1755:
1726:
1700:
1676:
1652:
1595:"American FactFinder - Results"
1085:(1934–2023), orthopedic surgeon
855:that won the gold medal at the
722:needs additional citations for
1928:Latvian Relief Fund of America
1612:
1587:
1475:
1449:
1415:
1401:
1389:Latvia–United States relations
1161:(born 1938), airline executive
1019:(1930–2022), historian of the
1:
2035:German Mennonites from Russia
1530:Schaefer, Richard T. (2008).
1394:
1186:(Fred Leo Nukis, born 1955),
975:(1917–2020), a member of the
323:
1863:American Latvian Association
1830:, (1980), pp. 638–642,
1822:, Harvard University Press,
1797:(Oceana Publications, 1974).
1433:10.1007/978-3-030-12092-4_10
1305:; created the first working
918:I Did Not Interview the Dead
669:
653:
640:
627:
614:
601:
588:
580:
7:
1337:
10:
2937:
2632:Alabama Creoles and Cajuns
981:Ohrdruf concentration camp
894:National Library of Latvia
199:
16:Americans birth or descent
2882:
2846:
2825:
2814:
2793:
2690:
2608:White Hispanic and Latino
2587:
2439:
2361:
2266:
2175:
2104:
1990:
1903:Latvian Center "Gaŗezers"
1220:(1909–1996), psychiatrist
576:
573:
257:Lincoln County, Wisconsin
194:American Community Survey
160:
155:
142:
137:
126:
121:
94:
89:
81:
76:
64:
46:
27:
2555:Scots-Irish/Ulster Scots
1638:"Latvia's Famous People"
1051:(born 1983), LPGA golfer
1684:"Buddy Ebsen Biography"
1424:IMISCOE Research Series
1208:, historian (1940–2024)
1011:The Beverly Hillbillies
955:from 2001 to 2014, and
866:Corning Museum of Glass
682:Languages and religions
564:Latvian-born population
289:Displaced Persons camps
285:advancing Soviet troops
264:1905 Russian Revolution
1461:Latviešu pēdas pasaulē
874:Minneapolis, Minnesota
293:Soviet-occupied-Latvia
181:
30:
1169:human rights activist
1057:(1923–2018), linguist
983:, and a schoolteacher
979:, a liberator of the
156:Related ethnic groups
2245:Norwegian Minnesotan
1688:Actorbuddyebsen.info
1366:United States portal
1268:Esther Sans Takeuchi
1137:(1946–2019), actress
1079:(born 1976), actress
857:1984 Summer Olympics
835:Moscow on the Hudson
731:improve this article
287:. Most were held in
162:Lithuanian Americans
2601:Non-Hispanic whites
1878:Daugavas Vanagi ASV
1837:Zake, Ieva (2017).
1812:Thernstrom, Stephan
1173:political scientist
1159:J. George Mikelsons
1155:(1887–1978), artist
1125:, of Jewish descent
1017:Andrievs Ezergailis
998:(1879–1966), artist
914:Holocaust survivors
746:"Latvian Americans"
24:
2626:French Louisianian
2028:Pennsylvania Dutch
1984:European Americans
1411:. data.census.gov.
1374:European Americans
1107:Edward Leedskalnin
936:Christopher Zarins
279:Toward the end of
22:
2898:
2897:
2753:
2752:
2744:
2737:
2730:
2724:White Southerners
2713:
2706:
2681:
2676:
2660:
2653:
2648:
2641:
2634:
2610:
2603:
2573:
2534:
2515:
2508:
2501:
2494:
2480:
2342:
2247:
2240:
2238:Norwegian Dakotan
2206:
2080:
2051:
2049:Hungarian Ohioans
2037:
2030:
2023:
2016:
1708:"Country Profile"
1256:Four Days in June
1248:Raimonds Staprans
807:
806:
799:
781:
691:, there are also
667:
666:
561:
560:
182:Amerikas latvieši
174:Latvian Americans
171:
170:
31:Amerikas latvieši
23:Latvian Americans
2928:
2820:
2787:Latvian diaspora
2780:
2773:
2766:
2757:
2756:
2740:
2733:
2728:
2709:
2702:
2679:
2672:
2658:Creoles of color
2656:
2651:
2646:Louisiana Creole
2644:
2637:
2630:
2606:
2599:
2569:
2530:
2511:
2504:
2497:
2490:
2476:
2338:
2267:Southeast Europe
2243:
2236:
2202:
2076:
2047:
2033:
2026:
2019:
2012:
1977:
1970:
1963:
1954:
1953:
1933:Latvieši Amerikā
1852:
1774:
1773:
1771:
1770:
1759:
1753:
1752:
1747:
1745:
1730:
1724:
1723:
1721:
1719:
1710:. Archived from
1704:
1698:
1697:
1695:
1694:
1680:
1674:
1673:
1671:
1670:
1664:Everyculture.com
1656:
1650:
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1645:
1634:
1621:
1616:
1610:
1609:
1607:
1606:
1597:. Archived from
1591:
1585:
1584:
1582:
1581:
1575:Everyculture.com
1567:
1554:
1553:
1527:
1518:
1517:
1502:
1491:
1490:
1488:
1479:
1473:
1472:
1470:
1468:
1453:
1447:
1446:
1435:
1419:
1413:
1412:
1405:
1379:List of Latvians
1368:
1363:
1362:
1361:
1354:
1349:
1348:
1347:
1190:show personality
1061:Philippe Halsman
802:
795:
791:
788:
782:
780:
739:
715:
707:
662:
661:
649:
648:
636:
635:
623:
622:
610:
609:
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596:
571:
570:
551:
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548:
533:
531:
530:
515:
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497:
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494:
479:
477:
476:
461:
459:
458:
443:
441:
440:
425:
423:
422:
407:
405:
404:
391:New York (state)
389:
387:
386:
374:
368:
366:
365:
358:
357:
274:Great Depression
128:American English
77:Total population
69:
60:
59:
53:
52:
41:
33:
25:
21:
2936:
2935:
2931:
2930:
2929:
2927:
2926:
2925:
2901:
2900:
2899:
2894:
2878:
2842:
2821:
2812:
2789:
2784:
2754:
2749:
2686:
2668:French Canadian
2595:White Americans
2588:Other Europeans
2583:
2532:Irish Traveller
2435:
2362:Southern Europe
2357:
2262:
2176:Northern Europe
2171:
2100:
2062:Liechtensteiner
1986:
1981:
1923:Latvians Online
1859:
1849:
1783:
1781:Further reading
1778:
1777:
1768:
1766:
1761:
1760:
1756:
1743:
1741:
1732:
1731:
1727:
1717:
1715:
1714:on 3 April 2008
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1604:
1602:
1593:
1592:
1588:
1579:
1577:
1569:
1568:
1557:
1542:
1528:
1521:
1504:
1503:
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1486:
1480:
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1464:
1455:
1454:
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1444:
1420:
1416:
1407:
1406:
1402:
1397:
1364:
1359:
1357:
1350:
1345:
1343:
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1331:Markus Zusevics
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787:February 2023
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748: –
747:
743:
742:Find sources:
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725:
720:This section
718:
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699:communities.
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2478:Jersey Dutch
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1838:
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1794:
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1767:. Retrieved
1757:
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1737:
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1716:. Retrieved
1712:the original
1702:
1691:. Retrieved
1687:
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1663:
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1614:
1603:. Retrieved
1599:the original
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1465:. Retrieved
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1403:
1284:Andrew Smith
1278:Eva Saulitis
1255:
1252:The Freezing
1251:
1230:Laila Robins
1188:Howard Stern
1187:
1147:Cynthia Lynn
1141:Juris Luzins
1135:Peggy Lipton
1071:Turing Award
1055:Moriss Halle
1041:
1035:
1009:
1006:Jed Clampett
967:Vija Celmins
917:
882:U.S. Embassy
843:Spider-Man 3
842:
839:Spider-Man 2
838:
834:
818:
814:
811:Rutanya Alda
793:
784:
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767:
760:
753:
741:
729:Please help
724:verification
721:
685:
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567:
499:Pennsylvania
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281:World War II
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214:Philadelphia
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173:
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82:
19:Ethnic group
2704:Los Angeles
2421:Sammarinese
2404:before 1880
2319:Montenegrin
2212:Greenlandic
2117:Azerbaijani
1640:. Latvia.lv
1242:Mark Rothko
1184:Fred Norris
1123:Limp Bizkit
1095:Mike Knuble
1032:Dave Grusin
1002:Buddy Ebsen
987:Jacob Davis
973:David Cohen
942:Eric Cantor
831:Elya Baskin
238:Los Angeles
188:who are of
145:Lutheranism
2905:Categories
2806:Afrikaners
2698:California
2416:Portuguese
2309:Macedonian
2227:Lithuanian
2137:Circassian
2122:Belarusian
1828:0674375122
1769:2017-03-05
1693:2017-03-05
1669:2017-03-05
1605:2018-04-23
1580:2017-03-05
1514:1011871166
1395:References
1303:holography
1194:Lucia Peka
946:Republican
757:newspapers
517:Washington
481:New Jersey
370:California
330:California
324:Demography
228:, such as
226:West Coast
96:California
2890:Australia
2859:Lithuania
2735:Louisiana
2691:By region
2616:Melungeon
2571:Wisconsin
2284:Bulgarian
2232:Norwegian
2217:Icelandic
2167:Ukrainian
2057:Kashubian
2043:Hungarian
1744:7 October
1718:7 October
1550:166387368
1119:DJ Lethal
1021:Holocaust
961:Dave Brat
890:Venezuela
689:Lutherans
670:Education
218:Cleveland
186:Americans
122:Languages
116:Minnesota
112:Wisconsin
2826:Americas
2742:Maryland
2729:Arkansas
2560:Scottish
2513:Huguenot
2506:Canadian
2426:Sicilian
2394:Galician
2389:Corsican
2379:Canarian
2369:Asturian
2353:Yugoslav
2324:Romanian
2314:Moldovan
2294:Croatian
2274:Albanian
2188:Estonian
2147:Georgian
2112:Armenian
2072:Silesian
1998:Austrian
1384:Latvians
1338:See also
1307:hologram
1254:, 1979;
1113:Ari Leff
693:Catholic
535:Maryland
463:Michigan
409:Illinois
338:Illinois
334:New York
253:Lutheran
234:Portland
166:Latvians
151:minority
138:Religion
108:Michigan
104:Illinois
100:New York
2883:Oceania
2854:Finland
2674:Acadian
2639:Isleños
2565:Walloon
2550:Occitan
2521:Frisian
2492:Acadian
2467:English
2462:Cornish
2457:British
2447:Belgian
2431:Spanish
2411:Maltese
2399:Italian
2384:Catalan
2348:Turkish
2334:Serbian
2329:Slovene
2304:Kosovan
2289:Cypriot
2279:Bosnian
2258:Swedish
2222:Latvian
2204:Findian
2198:Finnish
2193:Faroese
2157:Russian
2142:Cossack
2132:Chechen
2091:Sorbian
1818:, eds.
1309:in 1962
1258:, 1989)
1037:Tootsie
977:US Army
920:, 1949)
886:Caracas
771:scholar
663:24,691
650:21,364
637:21,097
624:24,497
611:24,131
598:22,257
585:23,218
577:Number
427:Florida
377:11,443
342:Florida
316:Latvia
246:Roxbury
230:Seattle
222:Chicago
200:History
190:Latvian
178:Latvian
143:Mostly
132:Latvian
38:Latvian
2869:Sweden
2864:Russia
2847:Europe
2833:Canada
2794:Africa
2719:Hawaii
2486:French
2452:Breton
2374:Basque
2183:Danish
2152:Kalmyk
2127:Lezgin
2086:Slovak
2067:Polish
2008:German
1845:
1832:Online
1826:
1806:Online
1740:. 2008
1548:
1538:
1512:
1467:5 July
1440:
1274:, 2009
880:, the
876:, the
773:
766:
759:
752:
744:
697:Jewish
557:2,362
550:
539:3,289
532:
521:3,380
514:
503:3,754
496:
485:3,946
478:
467:4,265
460:
449:4,706
442:
431:4,921
424:
413:6,982
406:
395:9,937
388:
367:
353:states
344:, and
300:Boston
240:, and
220:, and
206:Boston
184:) are
85:(2019)
83:85,723
34:
2680:Cajun
2652:Cajun
2621:Métis
2579:Welsh
2526:Irish
2499:Cajun
2472:Dutch
2299:Greek
2162:Rusyn
2096:Swiss
2078:Texas
2014:Amish
2003:Czech
1898:Laiks
1738:Li.lv
1487:(PDF)
991:denim
778:JSTOR
764:books
655:2016
642:2015
629:2014
616:2013
603:2012
590:2011
582:2010
574:Year
147:with
2545:Manx
2253:Sámi
1843:ISBN
1824:ISBN
1746:2017
1720:2017
1646:2013
1546:OCLC
1536:ISBN
1510:OCLC
1469:2017
1438:ISBN
1171:and
1040:and
898:Riga
750:news
553:Ohio
351:The
1428:doi
951:of
884:in
872:in
733:by
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1748:.
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1662:.
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1573:.
1558:^
1544:.
1522:^
1495:^
1459:.
1436:,
896:,
892:,
888:,
868:,
841:,
837:,
817:,
678:.
340:,
336:,
332:,
236:,
232:,
216:,
212:,
180::
164:,
130:,
114:,
110:,
106:,
102:,
98:,
2779:e
2772:t
2765:v
1976:e
1969:t
1962:v
1851:.
1772:.
1722:.
1696:.
1672:.
1648:.
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1583:.
1552:.
1516:.
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1471:.
1430::
963:.
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900:)
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821:)
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794:(
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775:·
768:·
761:·
754:·
727:.
176:(
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