Lamport and Holt - Knowledge

939: 2828: 1319: 637: 1224: 387: 2919: 522: 1790: 1147: 303: 29: 2276: 1077: 2524: 1896: 3053:, persuaded the Board of Trade to allow 60 psi (410 kPa). Not only did Alfred Holt achieve this key negotiation, but he then designed an easily driven, light but strong ship's hull and a compact compound engine to power it. SS Agamemnon and her two sister ships were able to compete in trade to China before the opening of the Suez Canal in 1869 and created the model for the fuel efficient, long-distance steamship. 838: 294:, which James Alexander of Workington built new for them and launched on 17 September. Traditionally the ownership of merchant ships was divided into 64 shares. George Lamport senior helped to establish the business by buying a controlling interest of 34 shares in the new ship. After barely two months, on 14 November, George senior transferred his shares to the young partners, making them the controlling owners. 226: 769: 633:

engines and continuing to use inefficient simple ones. Although both the Brazilian and US governments subsidized the Brazil Line, its high fuel costs prevented it from competing with Lamport and Holt's freight rates. In 1875 the US Government ended its subsidy to the Brazil Line, which for the moment left Lamport and Holt without a competitor.

853:. Thereafter the number of ships declined but the average tonnage per ship increased and so did the total tonnage of the fleet. In the 1890s three new partners joined Lamport and Holt: George Holt's nephew George Melly, Charles Jones' son Sidney Jones, and one Arthur Cook. George Holt died in 1896 after more than 50 years in the business. 1952:

for misrepresenting the state of the company and was jailed. In 1932 the group was reconstituted as a new company, Royal Mail Lines under a new chairman. In 1934 Lamport and Holt was restructured. The LB&RP Steam Navigation Co took over all the assets of Lamport and Holt, and the new company was

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A US company, the United States and Brazil Mail Steamship Company, tried to circumvent the triangular trade by taking manufactured products from the US to Brazil and coffee from Brazil to the US. But the company, popularly called simply the "Brazil Line", made the mistake of rejecting compound steam

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In the 1980s BHLR became British South America Lines or Brisa. Its headquarters was moved to London and its service was reorganised with a smaller number of larger ships. Accordingly, Lamport and Holt sold its SD14s between 1981 and 1983, and in 1986 took a share in Blue Star Line's 1979 container

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In 1883 the Brazilian Chamber of Deputies awarded the Brazil Line a subsidy large enough to compete with Lamport and Holt. In 1890 the Brazil Line introduced two new ships. But UK-owned merchant houses, warehouses, insurers and banks supported Lamport and Holt, and the Brazil Line went bankrupt in

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became the first iron-hulled ship to carry coffee from Brazil to New York. Hitherto it was believed that an iron hull would taint the flavour of coffee, so it had to be carried in wooden-hulled ships. This was the first time a Lamport and Holt ship had sailed directly between South America and the

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from 1850 to 1857 and Charles Holt from 1855 to 1862. Alfred had been apprenticed to a railway engineer and became head of Lamport and Holt's engineering department. Another brother, Philip Holt, was a partner in Lamport and Holt. In 1866 Alfred and Philip Holt founded their own shipping company,

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standards from the end of the 1960s. They were rapidly transforming cargo shipping. Lamport and Holt's traditional break-bulk cargo ships were not equipped to carry containers, but the company believed that it would be some time before all ports in South America would be adapted to handle them.

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Lamport and Holt operated purely as a partnership for their first two decades of trading. On 18 December 1865 they added a limited company, the Liverpool, Brazil and River Plate Steam Navigation Co Ltd, to own their steamships. However, they continued to own and operate sailing ships under the

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from her foremast of three horizontal bars. The top and bottom bars are scarlet, and the middle bar is white defaced with the initials "L&H" in black. This remained Lamport and Holt's house flag throughout its 146 years of trading. The painting is now in George Holt junior's former home in

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in 1980. They formed a new "B-class", and Lamport and Holt rapidly sold its existing fleet as they were delivered. Unlike previous Lamport and Holt ships, the new B-class had no passenger berths at all. Their introduction brought the company's passenger service to an end after 135 years.

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Lamport and Holt's modern R-class ships, having been built to carry livestock on the hoof from South America, were chartered to carry horses and mules from North America to France. Other Lamport and Holt ships carried horses, vehicles, troops, military mail and other war materials. The

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Some ships were also transferred between Lamport and Holt and other Vestey Group subsidiaries, and renamed according to the naming policy of each company. This practice was to continue throughout Lamport and Holt's decades as a member of the Vestey Group. In 1946 the group took over

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banned foreign ships from the Brazilian coastal shipping trade. Foreign ships could bring imports to Brazil and take exports abroad, and they could move between Brazilian ports in doing so, but they could not take a Brazilian cargo from one Brazilian port to another. In 1862 its

565:. This increased fuel efficiency, reduced coal consumption and enabled steamships to take more trade from sailing ships. Between 1864 and 1867 Lamport and Holt's LB&SP Navigation company bought 20 steamships, all but one of which were newly built to its own specification. 1916:

with the loss of at least 110 lives. Both the sinking and the loss of life were attributed to Lamport and Holt's negligence. The adverse publicity led the company to withdraw its New York – River Plate passenger service. Its ocean liners returned to Britain and were laid up:

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took over Furness, Withy and decided to withdraw Houlder Brothers and Royal Mail Lines from the Brisa partnership. Vestey Group decided to continue its remaining trade with South America solely under the Blue Star name. When Brisa Line ceased trading at the end of June 1991

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in 1938. Each of these "D-class" ships had berths for 12 passengers. They were of strikingly modern appearance, with clean lines and a single large funnel amidships partly incorporated into the superstructure. In 1940 Harland and Wolff delivered two more D-class ships:

1969:. This proved successful, so the pair were refitted for their new purpose and their hulls were repainted in white. From then until 1939 they offered holiday cruises to the Mediterranean, West Africa, islands in the Atlantic, the Caribbean, Norway and the Baltic. 2872:. The SD14 was designed as a shelter deck break-bulk cargo ship to replace Liberty ships and Victory ships. Subsequently, A&P adapted the design to carry 118 20-foot containers on deck and on the hatch covers as well as break-bulk cargo in the holds. 671:

Lamport and Holt retaliated by scheduling its ships to leave Brazilian ports a few days before Brazil Line departures, and would even keep a ship stationed in Rio de Janeiro any time that a Brazil Line ship was in port. Lamport and Holt also waged a

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In 1967 Booth Line took over Lamport and Holt's services to New York, ending a trade in which Lamport and Holt had been engaged for more or less a century. In 1974 Vestey Group moved Lamport and Holt's head office from the Royal Liver Building to

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When Lamport and Holt started to operate steamships in the 1860s they adopted pale blue as the main colour for the funnel, with a black top and a white band below the white top. Early evidence for this includes a painting of a steamship, the

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with high coal consumption. They offered more reliable journey times than sailing ships, but at a high cost. The large amount of coal that had to be carried reduced space for cargo, so that many longer routes were economically unfeasible. A

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During the war Lamport and Holt's managing director, Francis Lowe, designed and developed a lifeboat with improved buoyancy and more shelter for its occupants. The "Lowe Life-Boat" was designed to carry 55 people but on 27 January 1944 the

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against the Brazil Line. The British company thus managed to secure most of the Brazilian coffee cargoes to the US and left Brazil Line ships often sailing north only half-laden. In 1881 the Brazil Line again withdrew from the competition.

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presented Lamport and Holt with the city's colours and granted permission for the company's ships to fly the Liverpool Civic Flag when in port. At the same time Lamport and Holt darkened the blue of its funnels to match the civic colours.

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US. Lamport and Holt became a major operator on the route, establishing a triangular trade. Its ships took raw materials such as wheat from the US to the UK, manufactured goods from the UK to Brazil and coffee from Brazil to the US.

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In 1930 Lamport and Holt owned 41 ships. As the slump deepened the company laid up many of its cargo ships as well as its passenger liners. Between 1930 and 1935 Lamport and Holt sold almost half of its fleet. In 1932 the liners

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reported that one had remained afloat during a shipwreck despite carrying 84 men. The newspaper stated that Lowe experimented with his design for three years until it was ready to be tested by the Ministry of War Transport.

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was transferred from the LB&RP SN Co to the new company and its registration transferred to Antwerp. In 1878 seven other LB&RP steamships followed. Lamport and Holt's Belgian operation continued until 1908.

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The increase in passenger capacity on the route was a commercial success, so Lamport and Holt ordered four new liners with even more passenger capacity and refrigerated cargo space. Sir Raylton Dixon completed the

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laden with chlorine in drums and aeroplane varnish, when she suffered an explosion. Her bow forward of her foremast was blown off and fire broke out. Six of her crew were killed and the remainder abandoned ship.

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George Holt, junior (1824–96) was one of five sons born to George Holt, senior (1790–1861) and his wife Emma. George senior was a cotton broker in Liverpool. George junior was apprenticed to the shipping line of

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respectively were the largest ships in the Lamport and Holt fleet. All five of the livestock carriers had names beginning with "R", and although they were not all sisters they became called the "R-class".

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two-deck dry cargo steamship. In 1919–20 Lamport and Holt bought nine of them, renamed each of them with a name beginning with "B", and they became the "B-class". The Type N war standard was a 6,500

590:. Lamport was succeeded in the partnership by Walter Holland, who had been an apprentice with Lamport at Gibbs, Bright & Co. Another long-serving employee, Charles Jones, was also made a partner. 1779:

launched in 1922. Together these two steamships and three motor ships formed the "L-class", each of which had berths for 12 passengers. D&W Henderson also supplied a larger ship, the 8,190

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In 1936 the proportions of Lamport and Holt's funnel colours were in sevenths. The lowest three sevenths of the funnel were blue, the top two sevenths black and the two sevenths between were white.

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quickly took advantage of this and took over Lamport and Holt. In 1912 management of the company was moved from Lamport and Holt's offices in Fenwick Street, Liverpool to the RMSP's offices in the

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with a mid-section of greater beam, which increased her capacity from 721 containers to 1,143. Berths were added for 12 passengers. In total the rebuild increased her tonnage from 17,082

368:. Her first captain was John Eils, who had 16 shares in her and became a minority investor in many of Lamport and Holt's early fleet. By 1850 the partnership had a fleet of 10 sailing ships. 856:

Between 1898 and 1902 a dozen new steamships were completed for LB&SP. Five of these were designed to carry livestock on the hoof from Argentina to the UK. The smallest, the 4,501

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was Lamport and Holt's largest ship yet. All five of the new liners had names beginning with "V", and although they were not all sisters they were the first of what became the "V-class".

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by buying minority shares in ships operated by another Liverpool shipping line, James Moss & Co. Others who invested in James Moss's steamships in 1850 included WJ Lamport's cousin

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At the start of the 1860s, the Board of Trade typically allowed a steam pressure of 20 psi (140 kPa), which was insufficient to realise the benefits of a compound engine.

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In 1845 the two young men formed a partnership to own and manage merchant ships. WJ Lamport was 30 years old and George Lamport junior was 21. Their original trade was cotton from

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Between 1915 and 1917 Lamport and Holt took delivery of six new refrigerated cargo ships to carry frozen meat. They were large for their time, each being more than 7,000

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As the initial Royal Belge Sud-Americaine fleet came due for replacement, Lamport and Holt tended to replace its ships with others second-hand from LB&RP. The 2,267

414:(1853–56) the UK government chartered steamships to carry troops and cavalry and sailing ships to carry stores. In February 1856 a Lamport and Holt sailing ship, the 697-ton 277: 1017:

was heading north with 137 passengers and a cargo of coffee and mail. After leaving Santos she ran into a high sea and thick fog and struck rocks off Ponta da Sela near

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respectively. The pair had more passenger berths than was usual in the LB&SP fleet, so Lamport and Holt put them on the route between New York and the River Plate.

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RMSP was also planning a fast ocean liner service with new ships between Britain and the River Plate. Until enough of its new ships were delivered, RMSP chartered

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and its aftermath rapidly increased demand for container ships to operate between Britain and the South Atlantic. In 1983 Lamport and Holt bought the 12,214

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in shipping. Lamport and Holt's parent company RMSP ran into financial trouble and in 1930 the UK Government investigated its affairs. In 1931 RMSP's chairman,

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saw survivors abandon ship in lifeboats and rafts, but after the U-boat left the area they were never seen again. All hands were lost: a crew of 49 or 50 men.

1040:. She found and rescued the passengers and crew on the beach, and salvaged the mails and some of the passengers' baggage from the wreck. Attempts to salvage 2023:

When the Second World War began in September 1939 Lamport and Holt had a fleet of 16 steamships and five motorships with a combined tonnage of 141,003

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was secured. More than 200 passengers and crew were rescued. One source states that 27 people were killed, but another source puts the death toll at 38.

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was about 690 nautical miles (1,280 km) west of St Paul's Rocks with 200 passengers and a cargo that included about 1,000 tons of frozen meat when

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Lamport and Holt continued to invest in sailing ships. In 1850 Charles Holt in Workington built the first of his ships for the partnership: the 407-ton

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To mitigate war losses Harland and Wolff built two more D-class motor ships, which were given the same names as the two that had been sunk. The second

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Not until 1952 did Lamport and Holt resume adding ships to its fleet newly built to its own specification. These were two motor ships, the 4,459

1827:, but Lamport and Holt decided that their replacements should be considerably larger. Accordingly, Workman, Clark & Co launched a new 13,233 5565: 2912: 5570: 2853: 2624: 1840: 1794: 502:

At first Lamport and Holt was the only foreign company to take up the new freedom. By the late 1860s it was running a coastal service between

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had family links with the original partners in Lamport and Holt, and worked for them before founding their own steamship lines in the 1860s.

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returned fire but was outgunned, caught fire and sank. One source states that 81 of her crew were lost; another puts the death toll at 100.

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Lamport and Holt operated a joint service between the British Isles and South America with its sister company Blue Star Line and with two

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Slowly global trade recovered until Lamport and Holt felt able to add new cargo ships. In 1937 Harland and Wolff completed the 6,065

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In December 1917 Lamport and Holt took over the Nicholas Mihanovich fleet, which operated passenger services on the River Plate and to

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authorised the company to fly the city's civic flag when in port. It is the only shipping company to have been granted this privilege.

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was a French-registered cargo steamship in which Lamport and Holt held a 49 per cent share. Just over a year later, on 30 April 1917,

1025:, which stood off from the wreck until daybreak. They then took everyone ashore at the beach of Praia do Veloso with no loss of life. 2382:. The steamship caught fire and was abandoned. Six of her complement were killed, another was wounded and her Master was captured. 5535:"Lamport and Holt Line / Liverpool, Brazil and River Plate Steam Navigation Company / Société de Nav. Royale Belge Sud-Americaine" 2965:

and commercial cargo homeward from Brazil to Europe. Lamport and Holt sold her in 1986 after the UK government completed building

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about 300 nautical miles (560 km) southwest of Cape Verde, killing two of her crew. 25 of the survivors were rescued by the

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To mitigate war losses Lamport and Holt took delivery of two new sister ships from the shipbuilder Archibald McMillan and Son of

2649:. On behalf of the MoWT it was managing several cargo ships and four passenger ships. The company increased its fleet by buying 709:. The contract required all ships on the service to be registered in Belgium, so Lamport and Holt founded a Belgian subsidiary, 1358: 1712:

Lamport and Holt replaced First World War losses mostly by buying war standard merchant ships that had been ordered by the UK

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and Buenos Aires. This left Lamport and Holt with too few ships to offer the service frequency it had planned from Liverpool.

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In 1884 Lamport and Holt formed another subsidiary, the Argentine Steam Lighter Co Ltd, to run a feeder cargo service in the

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in Portugal in heavy sea and thick fog. The weather was so adverse that the rescue of survivors took 48 hours. Eventually a

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for the years 1863 and 1864. It repeated the suspension several times until 1873, when the suspension was made permanent.

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to Lamport and Holt, having successfully forced the smaller company out of the route. Lamport and Holt then transferred

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became troop ships. They retained their Polish officers and crew but each carried a Lamport and Holt liaison officer.

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in northern Norway, killing two officers and five men. The remainder of her crew reached the shore and was captured.

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achieved much better fuel economy, but generally required higher boiler pressures than were currently allowed by the

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In 1886 Lamport and Holt got its first contract to carry frozen meat from the River Plate. In 1887 the 1,501

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in 1869. Lamport and Holt sold her in 1871. The last sailing ship in the Lamport and Holt fleet may have been the

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When the First World War began in July 1914 Lamport and Holt had a fleet of 36 steamships totalling 198,992

1159: 872: 376: 157: 106: 5525: 636: 2658: 682: 510:. Lamport and Holt won a mail contract from the Brazilian government in 1868, soon followed by one with the UK 2515:. The bomb did not sink her but it killed her Master and three of her crew and wounded several other crewmen. 2500:

torpedoed and sank her northeast of Cape Bengut on the coast of Algeria, killing 52 of the personnel aboard.

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was modified as an assault command ship. On 5 July 1943 she was the commodore ship in Convoy KMS 18B for the

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in the Atlantic northeast of Para. Despite being heavily outgunned and several knots slower than the raider,

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knots (32 km/h). In 1953 the fleet was back up to 16 ships and had a combined tonnage of 105,970

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By the end of the war in 1945 Lamport and Holt owned nine cargo ships with a total tonnage of 65,396

1274:. All six had names beginning with "M". Only three were sisters, but all six became called the "M-class". 586:

WJ Lamport died in 1874 aged 59. At the time of his death the fleet had 31 ships and totalled 48,236

543: 3045:, launched in 1863, had a boiler pressure of only 26 psi (180 kPa), but used a large amount of 1223: 492: 475:. They joined James Moss & Co's steamships on a joint trade between Liverpool and the Mediterranean. 457: 2533:(left) as a troop ship in the Second World War, with another troop ship in the background (centre right) 2410:

Lamport and Holt's next loss was not to enemy action. On 24 September 1942 the D-class cargo motor ship

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had been building for the Shipping Controller, and had them completed to L&H's own specification as

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Lamport and Holt also ordered ships built entirely to its specification, starting with the 7,327

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Barbados and Trinidad, where they became the largest, quickest and most luxurious ships on the route.

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was heading from Liverpool to Buenos Aires with 144 passengers and 77 crew when she struck rocks off

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Lamport and Holt was an independent partnership until 1911, when it became a limited company and the

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By 1924 Lamport and Holt's fleet had increased to 50 ships with a combined tonnage of 322,857

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to stop subsidising the Brazil Line. The Emperor temporarily paid the subsidy from his own budget.

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to Britain. Its success led the company to have two new refrigerated ships built: the 3,099

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from D&W Henderson launched in 1920. A McMillan followed these with Lamport and Holt's first

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in the Mediterranean about 15 nautical miles (28 km) northeast of Cape Rose on the coast of

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respectively, the Polish crews signed UK articles and the ships were sold to Lamport and Holt.

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began Lamport and Holt's custom of naming its steamships after notable scientists and artists.

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In 1861 Lamport and Holt finally committed to operating steamships by obtaining the 1,290

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tended to work only as far south as Santos, while the "V-class" continued to the River Plate.

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Albion House in Liverpool, where Lamport and Holt was headquartered from 1975 until the 1980s

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that Lamport and Holt operated from 1864 to 1869. The blue was a pale shade like that of the

234: 5494: 1231:, built as a Lamport and Holt cargo ship in 1896 and requisitioned as a balloon ship in 1914 5585: 2849: 2319:. But eventually the raider overtook and sank her. One source states that three members of 1656: 1626: 1523:

about 150 nautical miles (280 km) northwest by north of Fastnet, killing one crewman.

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Also in 1911 Lamport and Holt was converted from a partnership into a limited company. The

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Lamport and Holt expanded their fleet. Their second ship was a larger barque, the 677 ton

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Jarvis, Adrian (1993). "Alfred Holt and the Compound Engine". In Gardiner, Robert (ed.).

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dry cargo steamship of fabricated construction. In 1919 Lamport and Holt bought two that

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in the Western Approaches about 115 nautical miles (213 km) northwest by north off

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in the English Channel, sinking her and killing two of her crew. The submarine captured

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The first steamship in which the partnership had a controlling interest was the 189-ton

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in 1945 the company had lost 14 of its fleet, including its last two V-class liners.

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minister. In the 1830s he started work in the office of Gibbs, Bright and Company in

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Oil and Coffee: Latin American Merchant Shipping from the Imperial Era to the 1950s

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Lamport and Holt continued to buy second-hand ships. They included the 3,022

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in March 1939 the UK increased its preparations for war. Early in the 1939 season

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Accordingly, in the late 1970s Lamport and Holt ordered four SD14s of 9,324

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of various ages and sizes from the MoWT. The largest of these was the 9,942

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reached port, but she was written off as a constructive total loss and scrapped.

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was in the Caribbean. On 8 October she intercepted Lamport and Holt's 4,635

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to join her. Each of the two new steamships had an iron hull and was rigged as a

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to overcome this disadvantage. Alfred Holt, after experimenting in the test bed

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in the Western Approaches about 38 nautical miles (70 km) northwest of the

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in 1901. Lamport and Holt bought them for the LB&SP fleet and renamed them

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in the Western Approaches about 300 nautical miles (560 km) southwest of

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in the mid-Atlantic, sinking her and killing her master and seven other crew.

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listing to starboard with part of her upper deck awash before she sank in 1928

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Lamport and Holt decided that its route between Liverpool and the River Plate

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was about 350 nautical miles (650 km) south-southeast of Cape Agulhas,

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from Workman, Clark & Co. The first to be delivered was the 10,327

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and in 1877 they won a Belgian government mail contract to and from Brazil,

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on the coast of Algeria. One member of her crew, her deck boy, was killed.

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Lamport and Holt survived 1915 without loss. On 9 February 1916 the German

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Two of George Holt junior's brothers were apprenticed to Lamport and Holt:

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in the North Atlantic about 400 nautical miles (740 km) southwest of

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refused to be repatriated. The MoWT re-registered the ships in the UK as

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in the Mediterranean about 170 nautical miles (310 km) southeast of

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which at 1,023 tons was the largest ship Lamport and Holt had yet owned.

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in the Western Approaches about 15 nautical miles (28 km) south of

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in May 1912, each of which had berths for slightly more passengers than

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in Brazil. Her passengers and crew were successfully transferred to her

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to Poland, which by then was under Soviet occupation. But the crews of

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In 1888 Lamport and Holt had a fleet of 50 ships totalling 93,331

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For much of its history Lamport and Holt traded with the east coast of

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On 24 June 1942 about 700 nautical miles (1,300 km) southeast of

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awarded the Brazil Line a new subsidy to operate compound steamships.

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The last sailing ship built for Lamport and Holt was the 1,350

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passenger liners under Lamport and Holt management. The 8,851

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passenger liners under Lamport and Holt management. The 6,345

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torpedoed and sank her. All 61 members of her complement survived.

2394: 2073: 1912:

foundered in a heavy sea in the North Atlantic about 300 miles off

1895: 1611: 1491: 1483: 1307: 1018: 849:. In 1890 its number of ships peaked at 59, totalling 109,493 438: 250: 2594: 2550: 2512: 2415: 2359: 2155: 1663: 1637: 1527: 1509: 1468: 1435: 1303: 962: 702: 461: 2864:

had been mass-producing a standardised motor ship, the SD14, in

2064:

in June 1939 and docked in Southampton on 28 August. In October

2687:

from the Panama Shipping Corporation. They were the 7,602

1196:

to strengthen its service between New York and the River Plate

1143:. Each of the trio had a top speed of 15 knots (28 km/h). 365: 288: 2840:. By 1977 Lamport and Holt's fleet was reduced to four ships. 1431:. Both ships were captured and scuttled without loss of life. 739:, also built in 1873, was transferred in 1889. The 2,605 555:. In 1865 George Holt junior's brother Alfred Holt introduced 134:. It was founded as a partnership in 1845, reconstituted as a 3281:

The Advent of steam : the merchant steamship before 1900

2933:

in 1978. In 1983 Lamport and Holt bought her and renamed her

1563: 1154:, where Lamport and Holt was headquartered from 1912 to 1975. 1121:, launched in June 1911. She was followed by the 10,660 1069:

and the first Lamport and Holt ship of more than 10,000

814: 313:

A mid-19th-century painting of the three-masted sailing ship

2852:

for freight were developed in the 1950s and standardised by

2496:, 289 Canadian troops and two landing craft. That afternoon 2154:, 10 June 1940, German dive bombers bombed and sank her off 1855:

ship. She had four turbines, which drove her twin screws by

1464:, who was interned in Germany for the remainder of the war. 190:

Lamport and Holt carried cargo for the UK government in the

2478: 2467:

was laden with munitions, tanks and other materiél for the

1505:. She sank in only five minutes, killing 51 people aboard. 472: 164:

in 1931 but was reconstituted as Royal Mail Lines in 1932.

141:

From 1845 until 1975 Lamport and Holt was headquartered in

5303: 3134: 2407:

torpedoed and sank her, fortunately without loss of life.

2180:

cargo steamship that Lamport and Holt had bought in 1919.

1387:, took much of Vandyck's cargo and on 27 October scuttled 379:(1840–1916), who with his brother Alfred went on to found 5396: 5394: 5392: 5390: 5388: 5375: 5373: 5371: 5369: 5332: 5330: 5191: 5189: 5187: 5185: 4480: 4336: 4334: 2326:

s crew were killed. Another puts the death toll at four.

1055:

on the New York – River Plate route with the 10,117

768: 732:, built in 1873, was transferred in 1886. The 2,280 608:

Also in the 1880s Lamport and Holt extended its trade to

445:

Liverpool, Brazil and River Plate Steam Navigation Co Ltd

249:. His brother Charles Lamport became the proprietor of a 168:

bought Lamport and Holt in 1944 and absorbed it into its

3637: 3635: 3503: 3501: 3499: 3497: 3495: 3493: 3491: 2961:. She took government cargo outward from Britain to the 615: 583:, which was bought nearly new in 1866 and sold in 1880. 4966: 4964: 4962: 4895: 4755: 4753: 4751: 4470: 4468: 4466: 4453: 4451: 4449: 4447: 4445: 4418: 4408: 4406: 4278: 4276: 3709: 3707: 3705: 3703: 3701: 3699: 3697: 3695: 3693: 3691: 3569: 3567: 3565: 3563: 3561: 3536: 3534: 3532: 3530: 3528: 3430: 3428: 3426: 3424: 3394: 3392: 3390: 3388: 3386: 3384: 3314: 1877:

two years later Lamport and Holt reverted to a pair of

979:

in 1907. Later in 1907 D&W Henderson completed the

620:

In 1869 the LB&RP Steam Navigation Co's 1,637

210:

and lost numerous ships and personnel to enemy action.

160:(RMSP) took it over. RMSP collapsed as a result of the 5406: 5385: 5366: 5354: 5342: 5327: 5315: 5291: 5253: 5182: 4331: 3622: 3620: 3235: 3233: 3231: 3229: 3227: 3168: 3166: 3164: 3151: 3149: 3124: 3122: 3120: 3118: 1411:

about 600 nautical miles (1,100 km) northeast of

1044:

were unsuccessful and her insurers wrote her off as a

813:, built in Liverpool in 1884. In 1892 she was sold to 5118: 5028: 4528: 4516: 4504: 3632: 3488: 3411: 3409: 3407: 3304: 3302: 3300: 3250: 3248: 3093: 3091: 3089: 3087: 3074: 3072: 3070: 2518: 2311:

returned fire and zig-zagged to evade German shells.

2131:, built to a slightly revised design, was 8,462 1243:

it had lost 11 ships including three V-class liners.

4959: 4748: 4492: 4463: 4442: 4430: 4403: 4288: 4273: 3793: 3750: 3688: 3647: 3605: 3558: 3546: 3525: 3513: 3476: 3464: 3452: 3440: 3421: 3381: 3338: 3326: 1357:

about 100 nautical miles (190 km) southwest of

422:. The partnership replaced her with the newly built 309:

in Liverpool, the former home of George Holt, junior

284:, New Zealand, Australia, the US and South America. 3617: 3224: 3161: 3146: 3115: 3103: 1599:was damaged by a torpedo in the North Atlantic off 664:and launched in 1878. Lamport and Holt lobbied the 3404: 3297: 3260: 3245: 3188:"Holt, Alfred (1829–1911), engineer and shipowner" 3186: 3084: 3067: 1655:about 35 nautical miles (65 km) northeast of 806:The lighter company's first ship was the 411 5533:Swiggum, Susan; Kohli, Marjorie (18 March 2010). 5433:. London: Blandford Press Ltd. pp. 110–111. 2606: 2577: 2226:about 900 nautical miles (1,700 km) west of 2146:was converted into the armed boarding vessel HMS 1980:. It was Lamport and Holt's first new ship since 1881:, one driving each of her twin screws. This gave 1799:, completed in 1923, in her 1930s cruising livery 1574:which had been sunk only four months previously. 1423:about 650 nautical miles (1,200 km) west of 990:The route included calls in the Caribbean and at 763: 711:Societé de Navigation Royale Belge Sud-Americaine 693:Societé de Navigation Royale Belge Sud-Americaine 646:, which competed against Lamport and Holt 1878–81 5581:Defunct shipping companies of the United Kingdom 5547: 2050:ceased holiday cruising and were converted into 1747:from A McMillan launched in 1919 and 7,453 1685:remained afloat, reached port and was repaired. 297: 5431:Merchant Ships of the World in Colour 1910–1929 2442:On 29 October 1942 the L-class cargo steamship 829:. Her rusting hulk survives there to this day. 534:, the first steamship to use the benefits of a 5526:"Lamport & Holt Line History and Ephemera" 3018:reverted to Blue Star Line under the new name 2798:and used almost entirely to ship bananas from 2629:became troop ships. In 1947 they were renamed 2439:drifted for at least two days before sinking. 2378:, which Lamport and Holt was managing for the 2080:. In January 1940 she was commissioned as HMS 1885:the same speed as her turbine-powered sister. 1704:. She managed to reach port and was repaired. 1403:intercepted and sank the company's 3,335 890:, both completed in 1900, which at 6,511 791:. They were registered in Liverpool but their 371:In 1850 Lamport and Holt started to invest in 233:William James Lamport (1815–1874) was born in 2746:. They were joined in 1953 by the 7,971 2640: 1486:, damaging the ship and killing two crewmen. 1328:, which in October 1914 intercepted and sank 5532: 5479: 5162: 3197:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 3140: 2112:In 1944 the Vestey Group, parent company of 1836:in 1921 and her sister, the new 13,243 1449:12 nautical miles (22 km) north of the 1028:On 17 October Lamport and Holt's 2,679 697:Since 1866 Lamport and Holt had traded with 4355:Lloyd's Register, Steamers & Motorships 4309:Lloyd's Register, Steamers & Motorships 3771:Lloyd's Register, Steamers & Motorships 3728:Lloyd's Register, Steamers & Motorships 3664: 3662: 3585: 2541:the UK Ministry of War Transport put three 2511:when an enemy aircraft attacked her with a 2503:On 21 November 1943 the D-class motor ship 1873:knots (27 km/h). However, for the new 1716:. The Type B war standard was a 5,030 1288:completed in September 1917 and 4,665 612:in Chile. This trade continued until 1896. 601:was converted into the partnership's first 5233: 4676: 4650: 4546: 3941: 3357: 3355: 3353: 2138: 760:, built in 1875, was transferred in 1890. 27: 4572: 4383: 2315:fired 190 rounds, only four of which hit 2161:On 7 July 1940 in the South Atlantic off 2150:. On the final day of the Franco-British 1707: 1376:intercepted her. The cruiser transferred 803:. The company operated until about 1900. 326:, which is now a museum and art gallery. 287:The partners' first ship was the 335 ton 5566:British companies disestablished in 1991 5046: 4823: 4149: 4097: 4071: 4019: 3668: 3659: 2917: 2826: 2794:in 1954, which Lamport and Holt renamed 2522: 2274: 2084:. She served in the Mediterranean until 2040:German occupation of Bohemia and Moravia 1894: 1788: 1317: 1313: 1222: 1173:to help to inaugurate the route between 1145: 1075: 937: 836: 767: 635: 520: 385: 301: 280:, but they soon expanded their trade to 224: 5447: 4340: 3350: 3194:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 3022:, and Lamport and Holt ceased trading. 2414:was in the North Atlantic southwest of 1419:intercepted and sank the V-class liner 1383:s passengers and crew to the steamship 1259:and used her throughout the war as the 516:Companhia Nacional de Navegação a Vapor 5548: 5460: 5412: 5400: 5379: 5360: 5348: 5336: 5321: 5309: 5297: 5259: 5195: 5124: 5034: 4970: 4901: 4759: 4624: 4534: 4522: 4510: 4498: 4486: 4474: 4457: 4436: 4424: 4412: 4294: 4282: 3811: 3799: 3756: 3713: 3653: 3641: 3611: 3573: 3552: 3540: 3519: 3507: 3482: 3470: 3458: 3446: 3434: 3398: 3344: 3332: 3320: 3278: 3272: 3239: 3172: 3155: 3128: 3109: 3097: 3078: 2469:Allied invasion of French North Africa 538:by running at a higher boiler pressure 5571:British companies established in 1845 5492: 5465:. Abergavenny: PM Heaton Publishing. 5098: 4939: 3889: 3415: 3308: 3266: 3254: 2264:torpedoed and shelled the 5,623 2127:and was launched in 1944. The second 1533:torpedoed and sank the V-class liner 616:Competition to carry Brazilian coffee 464:, County Durham built the 1,372 183:service and from 1932 to 1939 it ran 5541:. Susan Swiggum & Stephen Morse. 5428: 5207: 5136: 5072: 4982: 4913: 4875: 4771: 4702: 4598: 4253: 4227: 4175: 4123: 4045: 3993: 3967: 3915: 3626: 3184: 2883:from A&P. They were launched as 2802:in Brazil to mainland Europe or for 2683:. In the same year it chartered two 2385:On 23 September 1942 the 5,335 1823:had each been more than 10,000 1566:, fortunately without loss of life. 1108:liners, so in 1910 it ordered three 863:completed in 1899, was built by Sir 138:in 1911 and ceased trading in 1991. 5271: 2843: 2459:On 12 November 1942 the 5,332 2018: 1940:that began in 1929 caused a global 783:. Its vessels ranged from 300 13: 5493:Tomán, René De La Pedraja (1998). 2519:Polish and Belgian passenger ships 2335:torpedoed and sank the 5,623 2243:torpedoed and sank the motor ship 2190:torpedoed and sank the 5,327 1953:called Lamport and Holt Line Ltd. 1643:torpedoed and sank the 4,186 1617:torpedoed and sank the 4,637 1515:torpedoed and sank the 4,309 1339:At the outbreak of war the German 1218: 821:. In the 1930s she was beached at 14: 5597: 5561:1991 disestablishments in England 5518: 5008: 4849: 4797: 4728: 4201: 3863: 3837: 3283:. London: Conway Maritime Press. 2666:. In 1947 the company bought one 2662:, which Lamport and Holt renamed 1591:On 3 October 1917 the 7,307 933: 832: 483:traditional system of 64 shares. 16:Defunct UK merchant shipping line 5265: 5227: 5201: 5156: 5130: 1772:launched in 1921 and 7,417 1688:On 28 March 1918 the 5,839 1130:in January 1912 and 10,494 906:put a pair of modern 3,900 775:after her sale to Chilean owners 206:. In each World War it operated 5422: 5163:Vleggeert, Nico; Lettens, Jan. 5092: 5066: 5040: 5002: 4976: 4933: 4907: 4869: 4843: 4817: 4791: 4765: 4722: 4696: 4670: 4644: 4618: 4592: 4566: 4540: 4377: 4346: 4300: 4247: 4221: 4195: 4169: 4143: 4117: 4091: 4065: 4039: 4013: 3987: 3961: 3935: 3909: 3883: 3857: 3831: 3805: 3762: 3719: 3579: 3032: 2086:France capitulated in June 1940 2076:started to convert her into an 1160:Royal Mail Steam Packet Company 873:D. and W. Henderson and Company 871:. The other four were built by 433:which they bought in 1857 from 355: 245:, where he learnt commerce and 158:Royal Mail Steam Packet Company 107:Royal Mail Steam Packet Company 5556:1845 establishments in England 5450:All About Ships & Shipping 5234:Vleggeert, Nico; Allen, Tony. 4677:Allen, Tony; Vleggeert, Nico. 4651:Allen, Tony; Vleggeert, Nico. 4547:Chipchase, Nick; Allen, Tony. 3942:Vleggeert, Nico; Allen, Tony. 3588:"SS Velasquez [+1908]" 3586:Lettens, Jan; Vleggert, Nico. 3178: 2790:refrigerated cargo motor ship 2294:German auxiliary cruiser 2176:, a Japanese-built 7,032 2167:German auxiliary cruiser 2116:, took over Lamport and Holt. 1803:In the war the V-class liners 764:Argentine Steam Lighter Co Ltd 683:Pacific Mail Steamship Company 650:In 1877 the Brazilian Emperor 1: 4824:Claes, Johnny; Lettens, Jan. 4575:"SS Delambre [+1940]" 4573:Vleggert, Nico; Allen, Tony. 3060: 2205:On 26 February 1941 a German 1988:was joined by her 6,054 1851:was Lamport and Holt's first 1482:in the Mediterranean west of 1251:requisitioned the 5,366 1241:Armistice of 11 November 1918 1104:should also have 10,000 666:Brazilian Chamber of Deputies 298:House flag and funnel colours 5576:Companies based in Liverpool 4731:"MV Lassell [+1941]" 4679:"HMS Voltaire (F47) (+1941)" 4625:Claes, Johnny; Allen, Tony. 4152:"SS Memling [+1917]" 3812:Claes, Johnny; Allen, Tony. 3369:. National Museums Liverpool 3218:UK public library membership 2537:After the German and Soviet 1984:in 1923: a gap of 14 years. 841:George Holt, junior, in 1892 817:owners and re-registered in 229:George Holt, senior, in 1851 7: 5047:Lettens, Jan; Allen, Tony. 4204:"SS Canova [+1917]" 4150:Allen, Tony; Lettens, Jan. 4098:Lettens, Jan; Allen, Tony. 4072:Lettens, Jan; Allen, Tony. 4020:Allen, Tony; Lettens, Jan. 3669:Lettens, Jan; Allen, Tony. 2993:, the youngest daughter of 2754:, which had a top speed of 2742:, which became the company 2477:torpedoed and sank her off 1879:quadruple-expansion engines 1541:, killing six of her crew. 1295:completed in January 1918. 514:. In 1872 Brazil founded a 269:, where he met WJ Lamport. 267:Thomas and John Brocklebank 220: 10: 5602: 5501:Greenwood Publishing Group 5484:(Third ed.). London: 5448:Harnack, Edwin P (1938) . 4074:"SS Verdi [+1917]" 2641:After the Second World War 2285:, which in June 1941 sank 2135:and was launched in 1945. 1673:M-class refrigerated ship 1595:M-class refrigerated ship 1051:Lamport and Holt replaced 959:Workman, Clark and Company 912:Alexander Stephen and Sons 910:cargo liners up for sale. 640:The Brazil Line steamship 5480:Talbot-Booth, EC (1936). 3004: 2490:Allied invasion of Sicily 2380:Ministry of War Transport 2209:aircraft bombed and sank 1677:in the Mediterranean off 1669:torpedoed the 7,402 1633:, killing seven crewmen. 1539:Eagle Island, County Mayo 1441:torpedoed the 5,587 965:completed the 7,877 713:. In 1877 the 1,629 575:, which was completed in 100: 85: 77: 69: 58: 50: 40: 26: 5452:(7th ed.). London: 4942:"SS Willimantic (+1942)" 3025: 2862:Austin & Pickersgill 2715:Alfred Booth and Company 2611:Compagnie Maritime Belge 2463:B-class cargo steamship 2389:B-class cargo steamship 2339:B-class cargo steamship 2303:B-class cargo steamship 2299:attacked the 5,372 2207:Focke-Wulf Fw 200 Condor 2194:B-class cargo steamship 1859:, giving her a speed of 1857:double reduction gearing 1036:left Santos to look for 381:Alfred Booth and Company 5488:, Marston & Co Ltd. 5463:Lamport & Holt Line 5461:Heaton, Paul M (2004). 5429:Dunn, Laurence (1973). 4384:Allen, Tony; Dr Juice. 3185:Read, J Gordon (2004). 2997:, formally renamed her 2905:Furness, Withy & Co 2838:Albion House, Liverpool 2817:in 1959 and 3,005 2484:The D-class motor ship 2368:shelled the 4,857 1965:returned to service as 1931:River Blackwater, Essex 1681:, killing two crewmen. 1474:shelled the 5,394 1361:, removed the crew and 972:in 1906 and 7,120 603:refrigerated cargo ship 390:Alfred Holt before 1903 278:Lancashire cotton mills 276:to Liverpool to supply 4653:"SS Swinburne (+1941)" 3814:"SS Cervantes (+1914)" 3203:10.1093/ref:odnb/47428 2938: 2832: 2734:, plus the 8,237 2534: 2289: 2185:German submarine 2172:captured and scuttled 2078:armed merchant cruiser 2038:of September 1938 and 1905: 1800: 1708:Between the World Wars 1544:On 26 August 1917 the 1336: 1232: 1180:In 1913 RMSP returned 1155: 1086: 983:, which at 8,615 946: 842: 776: 679:City of Rio de Janeiro 657:City of Rio de Janeiro 647: 643:City of Rio de Janeiro 539: 495:voted to suspend this 418:, was wrecked off the 391: 346:Liverpool City Council 310: 230: 215:Liverpool City Council 91:Liverpool (1845–1980s) 5208:Helgason, Guðmundur. 5165:"SS Browning (+1942)" 5137:Helgason, Guðmundur. 5073:Helgason, Guðmundur. 4983:Helgason, Guðmundur. 4914:Helgason, Guðmundur. 4876:Helgason, Guðmundur. 4772:Helgason, Guðmundur. 4703:Helgason, Guðmundur. 4599:Helgason, Guðmundur. 4549:"HMS Vandyck (+1940)" 4254:Helgason, Guðmundur. 4228:Helgason, Guðmundur. 4176:Helgason, Guðmundur. 4124:Helgason, Guðmundur. 4046:Helgason, Guðmundur. 3994:Helgason, Guðmundur. 3968:Helgason, Guðmundur. 3916:Helgason, Guðmundur. 3671:"SS Veronese (+1913)" 2977:. She was rebuilt in 2921: 2850:intermodal containers 2830: 2783:, was built in 1957. 2698:, and the 7,607 2692:Atlantic City Victory 2526: 2492:. She was carrying a 2278: 2139:Ships lost or damaged 1898: 1792: 1415:. On 2 December 1916 1321: 1314:Ships lost or damaged 1239:. By the time of the 1226: 1149: 1079: 941: 840: 771: 662:Chester, Pennsylvania 639: 542:Early steamships had 524: 456:from Scotts. In 1862 389: 364:, which was built in 305: 235:Lancaster, Lancashire 228: 5101:"SS Laplace (+1942)" 5011:"SS Bruyere (+1942)" 4800:"SS Phidias (+1941)" 4627:"SS Bonheur (+1940)" 4386:"SS Vestris (+1914)" 4022:"SS Terence (+1917)" 3944:"SS Colbert (+1917)" 3840:"SS Vandyck (+1914)" 3367:Information sheet 23 2772:. A sister ship for 2705:, which was renamed 2694:, which was renamed 2292:On 22 June 1941 the 2216:On 9 April 1941 the 1908:On 12 November 1928 1786:, launched in 1921. 1662:On 27 February 1918 1657:Tuskar Rock, Ireland 1610:On 24 December 1917 1555:sank the 4,170 1434:On 17 December 1916 1306:at Buenos Aires and 1164:Royal Liver Building 1152:Royal Liver Building 879:. They included the 486:Until the 1860s the 172:subsidiary in 1991. 5312:, pp. 110–111. 5274:"MV Delius (+1943)" 4826:"SS Balzac (+1941)" 4489:, pp. 105–106. 4100:"SS Titian (+1917)" 3892:"SS Pascal (+1916)" 3890:Egkw; Allen, Tony. 3866:"SS Horace (+1916)" 2806:from the island of 2679:, which it renamed 2543:Gdynia–America Line 2329:On 31 January 1942 2183:On 15 October 1940 1948:, was tried in the 1925:at Southampton and 1815:had all been sunk. 1714:Shipping Controller 1653:St George's Channel 1497:torpedoed and sank 1368:On 26 October 1914 1322:The German cruiser 1261:observation balloon 1203:On 16 January 1913 1085:, completed in 1912 1013:On 16 October 1908 945:, completed in 1907 867:and Company on the 512:General Post Office 94:London (1980s–1991) 23: 5236:"MV Devis (+1943)" 5049:"MV Defoe (+1942)" 4852:"SS Biela (+1942)" 3363:"Lamport and Holt" 2967:RAF Mount Pleasant 2939: 2925:being launched in 2833: 2539:Invasion of Poland 2535: 2290: 2279:The German raider 2152:Norwegian campaign 2090:sunk in April 1941 2036:Sudetenland crisis 1906: 1801: 1636:On 6 January 1918 1526:On 22 August 1917 1429:Western Approaches 1337: 1233: 1156: 1087: 947: 843: 827:Strait of Magellan 777: 652:Pedro II of Brazil 648: 540: 392: 311: 231: 145:. The founders of 45:maritime transport 21: 5510:978-0-31330-839-0 5499:. Santa Barbara: 5482:Ships and the Sea 5099:Vleggeert, Nico. 4940:Vleggeert, Nico. 4904:, pp. 97–98. 4427:, pp. 71–72. 3323:, pp. 20–25. 3216:(Subscription or 3141:Talbot-Booth 1936 2995:Winston Churchill 2776:, the 7,840 2670:, the 7,256 2527:The Polish liner 2237:On 30 April 1941 2070:Wigham Richardson 2029:Japan capitulated 1758:, the 7,412 1726:Harland and Wolff 1508:On 28 April 1917 1281:: the 4,659 508:Rio Grande do Sul 493:National Congress 339:flag of Argentina 121: 120: 5593: 5542: 5529: 5514: 5503:. pp. 6–9. 5489: 5476: 5457: 5444: 5416: 5410: 5404: 5398: 5383: 5377: 5364: 5358: 5352: 5346: 5340: 5334: 5325: 5319: 5313: 5307: 5301: 5295: 5289: 5288: 5286: 5284: 5269: 5263: 5257: 5251: 5250: 5248: 5246: 5231: 5225: 5224: 5222: 5220: 5205: 5199: 5193: 5180: 5179: 5177: 5175: 5160: 5154: 5153: 5151: 5149: 5134: 5128: 5122: 5116: 5115: 5113: 5111: 5096: 5090: 5089: 5087: 5085: 5070: 5064: 5063: 5061: 5059: 5044: 5038: 5032: 5026: 5025: 5023: 5021: 5006: 5000: 4999: 4997: 4995: 4980: 4974: 4968: 4957: 4956: 4954: 4952: 4937: 4931: 4930: 4928: 4926: 4911: 4905: 4899: 4893: 4892: 4890: 4888: 4873: 4867: 4866: 4864: 4862: 4847: 4841: 4840: 4838: 4836: 4821: 4815: 4814: 4812: 4810: 4795: 4789: 4788: 4786: 4784: 4769: 4763: 4757: 4746: 4745: 4743: 4741: 4726: 4720: 4719: 4717: 4715: 4700: 4694: 4693: 4691: 4689: 4674: 4668: 4667: 4665: 4663: 4648: 4642: 4641: 4639: 4637: 4622: 4616: 4615: 4613: 4611: 4596: 4590: 4589: 4587: 4585: 4570: 4564: 4563: 4561: 4559: 4544: 4538: 4532: 4526: 4520: 4514: 4508: 4502: 4496: 4490: 4484: 4478: 4472: 4461: 4455: 4440: 4434: 4428: 4422: 4416: 4410: 4401: 4400: 4398: 4396: 4381: 4375: 4374: 4372: 4370: 4363:Lloyd's Register 4360: 4350: 4344: 4338: 4329: 4328: 4326: 4324: 4317:Lloyd's Register 4314: 4304: 4298: 4292: 4286: 4280: 4271: 4270: 4268: 4266: 4251: 4245: 4244: 4242: 4240: 4225: 4219: 4218: 4216: 4214: 4199: 4193: 4192: 4190: 4188: 4173: 4167: 4166: 4164: 4162: 4147: 4141: 4140: 4138: 4136: 4121: 4115: 4114: 4112: 4110: 4095: 4089: 4088: 4086: 4084: 4069: 4063: 4062: 4060: 4058: 4043: 4037: 4036: 4034: 4032: 4017: 4011: 4010: 4008: 4006: 3991: 3985: 3984: 3982: 3980: 3965: 3959: 3958: 3956: 3954: 3939: 3933: 3932: 3930: 3928: 3913: 3907: 3906: 3904: 3902: 3887: 3881: 3880: 3878: 3876: 3861: 3855: 3854: 3852: 3850: 3835: 3829: 3828: 3826: 3824: 3809: 3803: 3797: 3791: 3790: 3788: 3786: 3779:Lloyd's Register 3776: 3766: 3760: 3754: 3748: 3747: 3745: 3743: 3736:Lloyd's Register 3733: 3723: 3717: 3711: 3686: 3685: 3683: 3681: 3666: 3657: 3651: 3645: 3639: 3630: 3624: 3615: 3609: 3603: 3602: 3600: 3598: 3583: 3577: 3571: 3556: 3550: 3544: 3538: 3523: 3517: 3511: 3505: 3486: 3480: 3474: 3468: 3462: 3456: 3450: 3444: 3438: 3432: 3419: 3413: 3402: 3396: 3379: 3378: 3376: 3374: 3359: 3348: 3342: 3336: 3330: 3324: 3318: 3312: 3306: 3295: 3294: 3276: 3270: 3264: 3258: 3252: 3243: 3237: 3222: 3221: 3213: 3211: 3209: 3190: 3182: 3176: 3170: 3159: 3153: 3144: 3138: 3132: 3126: 3113: 3107: 3101: 3095: 3082: 3076: 3054: 3036: 2975:New Zealand Star 2963:Falkland Islands 2957:and renamed her 2913:Royal Mail Lines 2909:Houlder Brothers 2879:and 15,265 2844:Containerisation 2767: 2766: 2762: 2759: 2608: 2579: 2563:and 14,287 2393:was approaching 2372:cargo steamship 2325: 2268:cargo steamship 2213:in home waters. 2163:Ascension Island 2019:Second World War 1938:Great Depression 1872: 1871: 1867: 1864: 1631:County Waterford 1581:s commander was 1580: 1570:was a sister of 1546:Austro-Hungarian 1467:On 6 April 1916 1459: 1382: 1365:the cargo ship. 1255:cargo steamship 1209:Leça da Palmeira 681:was sold to the 597:cargo steamship 488:Empire of Brazil 401:Blue Funnel Line 151:Blue Funnel Line 124:Lamport and Holt 31: 24: 22:Lamport and Holt 20: 5601: 5600: 5596: 5595: 5594: 5592: 5591: 5590: 5546: 5545: 5524: 5521: 5511: 5473: 5454:Faber and Faber 5441: 5425: 5420: 5419: 5411: 5407: 5399: 5386: 5378: 5367: 5359: 5355: 5347: 5343: 5335: 5328: 5320: 5316: 5308: 5304: 5296: 5292: 5282: 5280: 5270: 5266: 5258: 5254: 5244: 5242: 5232: 5228: 5218: 5216: 5206: 5202: 5194: 5183: 5173: 5171: 5161: 5157: 5147: 5145: 5135: 5131: 5123: 5119: 5109: 5107: 5097: 5093: 5083: 5081: 5071: 5067: 5057: 5055: 5045: 5041: 5033: 5029: 5019: 5017: 5007: 5003: 4993: 4991: 4981: 4977: 4969: 4960: 4950: 4948: 4938: 4934: 4924: 4922: 4912: 4908: 4900: 4896: 4886: 4884: 4874: 4870: 4860: 4858: 4848: 4844: 4834: 4832: 4822: 4818: 4808: 4806: 4796: 4792: 4782: 4780: 4770: 4766: 4758: 4749: 4739: 4737: 4727: 4723: 4713: 4711: 4701: 4697: 4687: 4685: 4675: 4671: 4661: 4659: 4649: 4645: 4635: 4633: 4623: 4619: 4609: 4607: 4597: 4593: 4583: 4581: 4571: 4567: 4557: 4555: 4545: 4541: 4533: 4529: 4521: 4517: 4509: 4505: 4497: 4493: 4485: 4481: 4473: 4464: 4456: 4443: 4435: 4431: 4423: 4419: 4411: 4404: 4394: 4392: 4382: 4378: 4368: 4366: 4358: 4352: 4351: 4347: 4339: 4332: 4322: 4320: 4312: 4306: 4305: 4301: 4293: 4289: 4281: 4274: 4264: 4262: 4252: 4248: 4238: 4236: 4226: 4222: 4212: 4210: 4200: 4196: 4186: 4184: 4174: 4170: 4160: 4158: 4148: 4144: 4134: 4132: 4122: 4118: 4108: 4106: 4096: 4092: 4082: 4080: 4070: 4066: 4056: 4054: 4044: 4040: 4030: 4028: 4018: 4014: 4004: 4002: 3992: 3988: 3978: 3976: 3966: 3962: 3952: 3950: 3940: 3936: 3926: 3924: 3914: 3910: 3900: 3898: 3888: 3884: 3874: 3872: 3862: 3858: 3848: 3846: 3836: 3832: 3822: 3820: 3810: 3806: 3798: 3794: 3784: 3782: 3774: 3768: 3767: 3763: 3755: 3751: 3741: 3739: 3731: 3725: 3724: 3720: 3712: 3689: 3679: 3677: 3667: 3660: 3652: 3648: 3640: 3633: 3625: 3618: 3610: 3606: 3596: 3594: 3584: 3580: 3572: 3559: 3551: 3547: 3539: 3526: 3518: 3514: 3506: 3489: 3481: 3477: 3469: 3465: 3457: 3453: 3445: 3441: 3433: 3422: 3414: 3405: 3397: 3382: 3372: 3370: 3361: 3360: 3351: 3343: 3339: 3331: 3327: 3319: 3315: 3307: 3298: 3291: 3277: 3273: 3265: 3261: 3253: 3246: 3238: 3225: 3215: 3207: 3205: 3183: 3179: 3171: 3162: 3154: 3147: 3139: 3135: 3127: 3116: 3108: 3104: 3096: 3085: 3077: 3068: 3063: 3058: 3057: 3037: 3033: 3028: 3007: 2985:to 22,635 2846: 2764: 2760: 2757: 2755: 2727:and 8,311 2703:El Reno Victory 2643: 2521: 2323: 2258:On 9 June 1941 2141: 2123:was 8,187 2105:Evening Express 2021: 2008:and 6,245 1950:Royal Mail Case 1869: 1865: 1862: 1860: 1765:and 7,424 1710: 1586:Georg von Trapp 1578: 1457: 1396:merchant raider 1380: 1359:St Paul's Rocks 1316: 1221: 1219:First World War 936: 894:and 6,540 835: 766: 746:and 2,583 695: 618: 563:compound engine 549:compound engine 536:compound engine 526:Alfred Holt Ltd 447: 358: 300: 247:ship management 237:, the son of a 223: 162:Royal Mail Case 136:limited company 36: 17: 12: 11: 5: 5599: 5589: 5588: 5583: 5578: 5573: 5568: 5563: 5558: 5544: 5543: 5530: 5528:. GG Archives. 5520: 5519:External links 5517: 5516: 5515: 5509: 5490: 5477: 5471: 5458: 5445: 5439: 5424: 5421: 5418: 5417: 5415:, p. 141. 5405: 5403:, p. 140. 5384: 5382:, p. 120. 5365: 5363:, p. 115. 5353: 5351:, p. 114. 5341: 5339:, p. 110. 5326: 5324:, p. 113. 5314: 5302: 5300:, p. 101. 5290: 5272:Lettens, Jan. 5264: 5262:, p. 100. 5252: 5226: 5200: 5198:, p. 102. 5181: 5155: 5129: 5117: 5091: 5065: 5039: 5037:, p. 106. 5027: 5001: 4975: 4958: 4932: 4906: 4894: 4868: 4842: 4816: 4790: 4764: 4747: 4721: 4695: 4669: 4643: 4617: 4591: 4565: 4539: 4537:, p. 109. 4527: 4525:, p. 108. 4515: 4513:, p. 104. 4503: 4491: 4479: 4462: 4441: 4429: 4417: 4402: 4376: 4345: 4343:, p. 521. 4330: 4299: 4287: 4272: 4246: 4220: 4194: 4168: 4142: 4116: 4090: 4064: 4038: 4012: 3986: 3960: 3934: 3908: 3882: 3856: 3830: 3804: 3792: 3761: 3749: 3718: 3687: 3658: 3646: 3644:, p. 158. 3631: 3629:, p. 111. 3616: 3604: 3578: 3557: 3545: 3524: 3512: 3510:, p. 119. 3487: 3475: 3463: 3451: 3439: 3420: 3403: 3380: 3349: 3337: 3325: 3313: 3296: 3289: 3271: 3259: 3244: 3223: 3177: 3160: 3145: 3143:, p. 487. 3133: 3114: 3102: 3083: 3065: 3064: 3062: 3059: 3056: 3055: 3030: 3029: 3027: 3024: 3020:Argentina Star 3006: 3003: 2907:subsidiaries: 2845: 2842: 2642: 2639: 2637:respectively. 2620:Elisabethville 2609:put a pair of 2600:Empire Helford 2520: 2517: 2426:in England to 2140: 2137: 2114:Blue Star Line 2027:. By the time 2020: 2017: 1709: 1706: 1315: 1312: 1220: 1217: 996:Rio de Janeiro 935: 934:V-class liners 932: 834: 833:Further growth 831: 765: 762: 694: 691: 617: 614: 581:Southern Queen 573:Sarah J. Ellis 553:Board of Trade 544:simple engines 504:Rio de Janeiro 446: 443: 357: 354: 299: 296: 222: 219: 170:Blue Star Line 119: 118: 117: 116: 110: 102: 98: 97: 96: 95: 92: 87: 83: 82: 79: 75: 74: 71: 67: 66: 60: 56: 55: 52: 48: 47: 42: 38: 37: 32: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5598: 5587: 5584: 5582: 5579: 5577: 5574: 5572: 5569: 5567: 5564: 5562: 5559: 5557: 5554: 5553: 5551: 5540: 5536: 5531: 5527: 5523: 5522: 5512: 5506: 5502: 5498: 5497: 5491: 5487: 5483: 5478: 5474: 5472:1-872006-16-7 5468: 5464: 5459: 5455: 5451: 5446: 5442: 5440:0-7137-0569-8 5436: 5432: 5427: 5426: 5414: 5409: 5402: 5397: 5395: 5393: 5391: 5389: 5381: 5376: 5374: 5372: 5370: 5362: 5357: 5350: 5345: 5338: 5333: 5331: 5323: 5318: 5311: 5306: 5299: 5294: 5279: 5275: 5268: 5261: 5256: 5241: 5237: 5230: 5215: 5211: 5204: 5197: 5192: 5190: 5188: 5186: 5170: 5166: 5159: 5144: 5140: 5133: 5127:, p. 99. 5126: 5121: 5106: 5102: 5095: 5080: 5076: 5069: 5054: 5050: 5043: 5036: 5031: 5016: 5012: 5009:Allen, Tony. 5005: 4990: 4986: 4979: 4973:, p. 98. 4972: 4967: 4965: 4963: 4947: 4943: 4936: 4921: 4917: 4916:"Willimantic" 4910: 4903: 4898: 4883: 4879: 4872: 4857: 4853: 4850:Allen, Tony. 4846: 4831: 4827: 4820: 4805: 4801: 4798:Allen, Tony. 4794: 4779: 4775: 4768: 4762:, p. 97. 4761: 4756: 4754: 4752: 4736: 4732: 4729:Allen, Tony. 4725: 4710: 4706: 4699: 4684: 4680: 4673: 4658: 4654: 4647: 4632: 4628: 4621: 4606: 4602: 4595: 4580: 4576: 4569: 4554: 4550: 4543: 4536: 4531: 4524: 4519: 4512: 4507: 4501:, p. 65. 4500: 4495: 4488: 4483: 4477:, p. 90. 4476: 4471: 4469: 4467: 4460:, p. 91. 4459: 4454: 4452: 4450: 4448: 4446: 4439:, p. 74. 4438: 4433: 4426: 4421: 4415:, p. 71. 4414: 4409: 4407: 4391: 4387: 4380: 4364: 4357: 4356: 4349: 4342: 4337: 4335: 4318: 4311: 4310: 4303: 4297:, p. 70. 4296: 4291: 4285:, p. 69. 4284: 4279: 4277: 4261: 4257: 4250: 4235: 4231: 4224: 4209: 4205: 4202:Allen, Tony. 4198: 4183: 4179: 4172: 4157: 4153: 4146: 4131: 4127: 4120: 4105: 4101: 4094: 4079: 4075: 4068: 4053: 4049: 4042: 4027: 4023: 4016: 4001: 3997: 3990: 3975: 3971: 3964: 3949: 3945: 3938: 3923: 3919: 3912: 3897: 3893: 3886: 3871: 3867: 3864:Allen, Tony. 3860: 3845: 3841: 3838:Allen, Tony. 3834: 3819: 3815: 3808: 3802:, p. 63. 3801: 3796: 3780: 3773: 3772: 3765: 3759:, p. 68. 3758: 3753: 3737: 3730: 3729: 3722: 3716:, p. 59. 3715: 3710: 3708: 3706: 3704: 3702: 3700: 3698: 3696: 3694: 3692: 3676: 3672: 3665: 3663: 3656:, p. 48. 3655: 3650: 3643: 3638: 3636: 3628: 3623: 3621: 3614:, p. 49. 3613: 3608: 3593: 3589: 3582: 3576:, p. 46. 3575: 3570: 3568: 3566: 3564: 3562: 3555:, p. 52. 3554: 3549: 3543:, p. 45. 3542: 3537: 3535: 3533: 3531: 3529: 3522:, p. 43. 3521: 3516: 3509: 3504: 3502: 3500: 3498: 3496: 3494: 3492: 3485:, p. 34. 3484: 3479: 3473:, p. 37. 3472: 3467: 3461:, p. 28. 3460: 3455: 3449:, p. 27. 3448: 3443: 3437:, p. 29. 3436: 3431: 3429: 3427: 3425: 3417: 3412: 3410: 3408: 3401:, p. 61. 3400: 3395: 3393: 3391: 3389: 3387: 3385: 3368: 3364: 3358: 3356: 3354: 3347:, p. 24. 3346: 3341: 3335:, p. 25. 3334: 3329: 3322: 3317: 3310: 3305: 3303: 3301: 3292: 3290:0-85177-563-2 3286: 3282: 3275: 3268: 3263: 3256: 3251: 3249: 3242:, p. 15. 3241: 3236: 3234: 3232: 3230: 3228: 3219: 3204: 3200: 3196: 3195: 3189: 3181: 3175:, p. 13. 3174: 3169: 3167: 3165: 3158:, p. 12. 3157: 3152: 3150: 3142: 3137: 3131:, p. 73. 3130: 3125: 3123: 3121: 3119: 3112:, p. 20. 3111: 3106: 3099: 3094: 3092: 3090: 3088: 3080: 3075: 3073: 3071: 3066: 3052: 3048: 3044: 3043: 3035: 3031: 3023: 3021: 3017: 3012: 3002: 3000: 2996: 2992: 2988: 2984: 2980: 2976: 2970: 2968: 2964: 2960: 2956: 2952: 2948: 2944: 2943:Falklands War 2936: 2932: 2928: 2924: 2920: 2916: 2914: 2910: 2906: 2901: 2898: 2894: 2890: 2886: 2882: 2878: 2873: 2871: 2867: 2863: 2858: 2855: 2851: 2841: 2839: 2829: 2825: 2823: 2820: 2816: 2813: 2809: 2805: 2801: 2797: 2793: 2789: 2784: 2782: 2779: 2775: 2771: 2753: 2749: 2745: 2741: 2737: 2733: 2730: 2726: 2723: 2718: 2716: 2710: 2708: 2704: 2701: 2697: 2693: 2690: 2686: 2685:Victory ships 2682: 2678: 2677: 2676:John J.McGraw 2673: 2669: 2665: 2661: 2660: 2656: 2652: 2648: 2638: 2636: 2632: 2628: 2627: 2622: 2621: 2617:sister ships 2616: 2612: 2605:In 1940, the 2603: 2601: 2597: 2596: 2595:Empire Penryn 2591: 2587: 2583: 2576:In 1946, the 2574: 2572: 2571: 2566: 2562: 2561: 2557: 2554:, 6,852 2553: 2552: 2548: 2544: 2540: 2532: 2531: 2525: 2516: 2514: 2510: 2506: 2501: 2499: 2495: 2491: 2487: 2482: 2480: 2476: 2475: 2470: 2466: 2462: 2457: 2455: 2454: 2449: 2445: 2440: 2438: 2433: 2429: 2425: 2421: 2417: 2413: 2408: 2406: 2405: 2400: 2396: 2392: 2388: 2383: 2381: 2377: 2376: 2371: 2367: 2366: 2361: 2356: 2354: 2350: 2346: 2342: 2338: 2334: 2333: 2327: 2322: 2318: 2314: 2310: 2306: 2302: 2298: 2297: 2288: 2284: 2283: 2277: 2273: 2271: 2267: 2263: 2262: 2256: 2254: 2250: 2246: 2242: 2241: 2235: 2233: 2229: 2225: 2221: 2220: 2214: 2212: 2208: 2203: 2201: 2200:Butt of Lewis 2197: 2193: 2189: 2188: 2181: 2179: 2175: 2171: 2170: 2164: 2159: 2157: 2153: 2149: 2145: 2136: 2134: 2130: 2126: 2122: 2117: 2115: 2110: 2107: 2106: 2099: 2097: 2096: 2091: 2087: 2083: 2079: 2075: 2071: 2067: 2063: 2059: 2055: 2053: 2049: 2045: 2041: 2037: 2032: 2030: 2026: 2016: 2014: 2011: 2007: 2004: 1999: 1995: 1991: 1987: 1983: 1979: 1975: 1970: 1968: 1964: 1960: 1954: 1951: 1947: 1943: 1939: 1934: 1932: 1928: 1924: 1920: 1915: 1914:Hampton Roads 1911: 1903: 1902: 1897: 1893: 1891: 1886: 1884: 1880: 1876: 1858: 1854: 1853:steam turbine 1850: 1846: 1844: 1843: 1839: 1835: 1834: 1830: 1826: 1822: 1818: 1814: 1810: 1806: 1798: 1797: 1791: 1787: 1785: 1782: 1778: 1775: 1771: 1768: 1764: 1761: 1757: 1753: 1750: 1746: 1742: 1737: 1735: 1731: 1727: 1723: 1719: 1715: 1705: 1703: 1699: 1695: 1691: 1686: 1684: 1680: 1676: 1672: 1668: 1667: 1660: 1658: 1654: 1650: 1646: 1642: 1641: 1634: 1632: 1628: 1624: 1620: 1616: 1615: 1608: 1606: 1602: 1601:Brest, France 1598: 1594: 1589: 1587: 1584: 1577: 1573: 1569: 1565: 1561: 1558: 1554: 1553: 1547: 1542: 1540: 1536: 1532: 1531: 1524: 1522: 1518: 1514: 1513: 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870: 866: 865:Raylton Dixon 862: 859: 854: 852: 848: 839: 830: 828: 824: 820: 816: 812: 809: 804: 802: 798: 794: 790: 786: 782: 774: 770: 761: 759: 756: 752: 749: 745: 742: 738: 735: 731: 728: 723: 720: 716: 712: 708: 704: 700: 690: 686: 684: 680: 675: 669: 667: 663: 660:was built in 659: 658: 653: 645: 644: 638: 634: 630: 627: 623: 613: 611: 606: 604: 600: 596: 591: 589: 584: 582: 578: 577:New Brunswick 574: 571: 566: 564: 560: 559: 554: 550: 545: 537: 533: 532: 527: 523: 519: 517: 513: 509: 505: 500: 498: 497:protectionism 494: 489: 484: 480: 478: 474: 470: 467: 463: 459: 458:Andrew Leslie 455: 452: 442: 440: 436: 432: 427: 425: 421: 417: 413: 409: 404: 402: 399:which became 397: 388: 384: 382: 378: 377:Charles Booth 374: 369: 367: 363: 353: 350: 347: 342: 340: 336: 333: 327: 325: 320: 316: 308: 304: 295: 293: 290: 285: 283: 279: 275: 270: 268: 262: 260: 256: 252: 248: 244: 240: 236: 227: 218: 216: 211: 209: 205: 204:Falklands War 201: 197: 193: 188: 186: 182: 178: 177:South America 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London: 3416:Tomán 1998 3309:Tomán 1998 3267:Tomán 1998 3255:Tomán 1998 3220:required.) 3208:8 February 3061:References 2927:Sunderland 2870:River Wear 2866:Sunderland 2738:steamship 2590:Kościuszko 2560:Kościuszko 2513:glide bomb 2509:Land's End 2424:Manchester 2253:Benvrackie 2228:Cape Verde 2052:troopships 2034:After the 1743:steamship 1548:submarine 1413:Pernambuco 1046:total loss 1032:steamship 916:Evangeline 914:had built 869:River Tees 797:Montevideo 719:Copernicus 717:steamship 624:steamship 610:Valparaíso 477:Copernicus 469:Copernicus 373:steamships 319:house flag 292:Christabel 259:Cumberland 255:Workington 213:From 1932 208:troopships 147:Booth Line 81:taken over 34:House flag 5278:Wrecksite 5240:Wrecksite 5214:uboat.net 5169:Wrecksite 5143:uboat.net 5105:Wrecksite 5079:uboat.net 5075:"Laplace" 5053:Wrecksite 5015:Wrecksite 4989:uboat.net 4985:"Bruyère" 4946:Wrecksite 4920:uboat.net 4882:uboat.net 4856:Wrecksite 4830:Wrecksite 4804:Wrecksite 4778:uboat.net 4774:"Phidias" 4735:Wrecksite 4709:uboat.net 4705:"Lassell" 4683:Wrecksite 4657:Wrecksite 4631:Wrecksite 4605:uboat.net 4601:"Bonheur" 4579:Wrecksite 4553:Wrecksite 4390:Wrecksite 4365:. 1930–31 4319:. 1930–31 4260:uboat.net 4256:"Marconi" 4234:uboat.net 4230:"Spenser" 4208:Wrecksite 4182:uboat.net 4156:Wrecksite 4130:uboat.net 4104:Wrecksite 4078:Wrecksite 4052:uboat.net 4026:Wrecksite 4000:uboat.net 3996:"Terence" 3974:uboat.net 3970:"Colbert" 3948:Wrecksite 3922:uboat.net 3896:Wrecksite 3870:Wrecksite 3844:Wrecksite 3818:Wrecksite 3781:. 1930–31 3738:. 1930–31 3675:Wrecksite 3627:Dunn 1973 3592:Wrecksite 3047:superheat 3016:Churchill 2999:Churchill 2979:Singapore 2955:Bank Line 2931:Bank Line 2824:in 1960. 2815:Constable 2626:Thysville 2580:returned 2428:Famagusta 2345:Cape Race 2222:attacked 2211:Swinburne 1696:struck a 1627:Mine Head 1385:Ascuncion 1374:Karlsruhe 1355:Cervantes 1346:Karlsruhe 1344:SMS 1330:Cervantes 1325:Karlsruhe 1286:Swinburne 1279:Dumbarton 1263:ship HMS 1249:Admiralty 1053:Velasquez 1042:Velasquez 1038:Velasquez 1023:lifeboats 1015:Velasquez 957:in 1906. 955:Velasquez 795:port was 758:Coleridge 744:Maskelyne 707:Argentina 558:Agamemnon 531:Agamemnon 410:. 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