Lady of the Lake - Knowledge

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takes Nimue's traditional role and then continues as the chief villain. In this depiction, after she saves him from being poisoned by Morgause, Merlin takes Niniane on as an apprentice, with her at first disguised as a boy named Ninian, and willingly teaches her his magic, which he had refused to Morgause. When her identity as a woman is discovered, they fall in love despite their age difference. Their love is peaceful and idyllic; even when Nimue marries Pelleas, this is not a betrayal of Merlin. As Merlin gives her the secrets of his power and how to control it, he seems to lose them himself, which he does not mind. In a depleted, weakened condition, he falls into a coma, and is believed to be dead. Nimue has him buried within his "crystal cave", from which he escapes after a few weeks, through a combination of chance luck and ingenious planning, and travels incognito to let Arthur know he is still alive and can help him against Morgause and Morgan. Nimue takes Merlin's place as the court enchanter, while Merlin retires to the crystal cave and lives a quiet and happy life as a hermit. Niniane takes his place and role to the degree she even proclaims "I am Merlin", thus creating a 'Nimue-Merlin' character.

1412: 1718: 1154:, Viviane refuses to give Merlin (who at this time is already old but appears to her in the guise of a handsome young man) her love until he has taught her all his secrets, after which she uses her power to seal him by making him sleep forever. The Post-Vulgate revision changes it into Viviane causing Merlin's death out of her hatred and fear of him. Though Merlin knows beforehand that this will happen due to his power of foresight, he is unable to counteract her because of the 'truth' this ability of foresight holds. He decides to do nothing for his situation other than to continue to teach her his secrets until she takes the opportunity to get rid of him. 607: 1639: 1458:, it is at a pivotal moment of the episode, establishing the importance of her character within Arthurian literature, as she transcends any notoriety attached to her character by aiding Arthur and other knights to succeed in their endeavors, subtly helping sway the court in the right direction. According to Hodges, when Malory was looking at other texts to find inspiration, he chose the best aspects of all the other Lady of the Lake characters, making her pragmatic, compassionate, clever, and strong-willed. However, Nimue's character is often seen as still very ambiguous by other scholars. As summarized by Amy S. Kaufman, 1362:

with his own magic sword (a cursed blade that had been stolen by him from a mysterious lady from Avalon just a moment earlier) in front of Arthur and then sends off his squire with her severed head, much to the distress and shame of the king under whose protection she should have been there. Arthur gives the Lady a rich burial, has her slayer banished despite Merlin telling him Balin would become Arthur's greatest knight, and gives his permission for Sir Launcenor of Ireland (an Irish prince similarly named but entirely unrelated to Malory's "Launcelot" Lancelot) to go after Balin to avenge this disgrace by killing him.

1296: 932: 53: 2170:'s daughter and yet another of Arthur's half-sisters who reluctantly becomes the Lady of the Lake after Viviane is slain and becomes Mordred's lover until he kills her; the main protagonist and narrator Morgaine (Morgan), portrayed similar as in the medieval romances but more sympathetically; and Nimue, a sympathetic and tragic young priestess who falls in love with the Merlin but is duty bound by Morgaine to seduce and lure him to his death – following which she drowns herself. Their ancestors (the previous priestesses of Avalon and, before that, of 2246:. She begins as Merlin's most adept priestess and lover, but as she grows ever more brutal and fanatical, by the time of the final novel she turns against him and imprisons him, torturing him to reveal the last of his magical secrets in her desperate obsession to bring back the Old Gods of Britain at any price. Eventually, she brings Merlin to total madness before ultimately sacrificing him to their lost gods, whose return she believes would rid the island of the Saxons and the Christians alike. As Nimue believes the key to her goal is to sacrifice 1114: 1746: 1377: 318: 1085: 1357:, a 15th-century compilation of Arthurian stories that is often considered definitive in much of the world today, the first Lady of the Lake remains unnamed besides this epithet. When the young King Arthur, accompanied by his mentor Merlin, comes to her lake, she holds the replacement Excalibur (the original sword-from-the-stone having been recently broken in battle) out of the water and offers it to Arthur if he promises to fulfill any request from her later, to which he agrees. Later, when the Lady comes to 1513: 1408:, on the other hand, Nimue is still the one to trap Merlin, but Malory gives her a sympathetic reason: Merlin falls in love with her and will not leave her alone; Malory gives no indication that Nimue loves him back. Eventually, since she cannot free herself of him otherwise, she decides to trap him under rock and makes sure he cannot escape. She is tired of his sexual advances, and afraid of his power as "a devil's son", so she does not have much of a choice but to ultimately get rid of him. 1470: 2452:, manipulating him into casting the Dark Curse and reviving her and the Dark Ones, and then leads a Dark One invasion in Storybrooke, which ultimately leads to her demise at the hands of Hook, who betrays her to redeem himself and destroy her and the Dark Ones forever using Excalibur. The separate character of the Lady of the Lake is referenced as Lancelot's mother, but she never appears; even the episode titled "The Lady of the Lake" does not feature her and its title instead refers to 1190:, shows a completely peaceful scene taking place under a blooming hawthorn tree where Merlin is lovingly put to sleep by Viviane, as it is required by his destined fate that she has learned of. He then wakes up inside an impossibly high and indestructible tower, invisible from the outside, where she will come to meet him there almost every day or night (a motif reminiscent of Ganieda's visits of Merlin's house in an earlier version of his life as described by Geoffrey in 2469:) bound Excalibur to the Pendragon bloodline after Merlin used it to destroy the Mage Tower and appears to catch the sword underwater after Arthur throws it into the lake in shame at his failures; she pulls Arthur underwater and motivates him to fight Vortigern before returning the sword to him. This good Lady of the Lake has her mirror image in the film's monstrous character "Syren" that replaces the two dragons in the film's revision of the legend of Vortigern's Tower. 8383: 1065:). Later on, she also works to actively encourage Lancelot and Guinevere's relationship and its consummation. That includes sending Guinevere a symbolically illustrated magic shield, the crack in which closes up after the queen finally spends her first night with Lancelot. She furthermore personally arrives to restore Lancelot to sanity during some of his recurring periods of madness, on one occasion using the above-mentioned shield to heal his mind. 8393: 6387: 2101:, an unrelated Lady of the Lake is referred to as Nyneve, depicted as a woman with a beautiful body but wearing a mask, who is sent to confront the heroes of Camelot. When Nyneve removes the mask, Merlin, upon seeing her face, is unable to resist her and departs, thus removing him from Morgan's path. Later, when he escapes her control, it is revealed that her only facial feature is a gigantic mouth with a long serpentine tongue, 6399: 1929: 5527: 6411: 1870: 2281:), an evil twin sister of the Queen of Avalon and a former student of Merlin who magically imprisons him, was created as an anagram of Lady of the Lake. Lady Kale seeks to steal Merlin's magic so she can rule Avalon forever, later working together with the also evil Morgana. However, a good character of the Lady of the Lake (called the Spirit of Avalon in an alternate version 912:, "it seems almost certain" that Morgan and the Lady of the Lake have originally began as one character in the legend. In a related hypothesis, the early Myrddyn tradition could have merged with the fairy lover motif popular in medieval stories, and such role would later split into Merlin's two fairy mistresses, one of them 'good' and the other 'bad'. 2064:, in which late 20th century notions are inserted into a mythic tale for comical effect. In a famous scene, a peasant named Dennis says, "Strange women lying in ponds distributing swords is no basis for a system of government. Supreme executive power derives from a mandate from the masses, not from some farcical aquatic ceremony." Arthurian scholar 1967:. Various characters of the Lady (or Ladies) of the Lake appear in many works, including poems, novels, films, television series, stage productions, comics, and games. Though her identity may change, her role as a significant figure in the lives of Arthur and Merlin usually remains consistent. Some examples of such works are listed below. 2419:. Just when massing a plague throughout London, Nimue was thwarted and dismembered by Arthur with his Excalibur before her pieces were separately concealed. After Gruagach recovered all her pieces, Nimue is resurrected for revenge and seeks Hellboy to create the apocalypse. Later in the climax, she betrays and kills Gruagach, and then 2242:, more historically grounded and realistic than usual treatments of Arthurian legend, Nimue is an Irish orphan adopted by the British druid Merlin. She is a prominent character in the books, being a childhood friend of, a major love interest for, and finally an adversary to the series' main protagonist, Arthur's warrior 2258:, commenting on Cornwell's vicious Nimue, with her tunnel-vision ruthlessness, vindicativeness, and frequent use of prolonged torture, opined the "pro-Celtic quasi-historian" author "links her to the Saxons as part of her hostility to decent people, including Merlin." Symbolically, both Nimue and the hypocritical 2505:

ends abruptly when Nimue is shot with arrows by a nun named Iris (an original character with no counterpart in the legend) and falls with the sword into a body of water, where she (or her spirit, as her exact fate is left unexplained) will guard the sword until "a true king rises to claim it." Albeit

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Here she was introduced in 2008 as a witch who driven mad after the powers she acquired from Merlin, gave her knowledge of the Ogdru Jahad, prompting the witches of Britain to dismember her and seal her away underground. Resurrected in the present day by Arthur's last descendant, Hellboy, she assumes

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who has pledged his life to the protection of Britain. Various tragic characters assume the title of the Lady of the Lake, including Viviane, the initial High Priestess of Avalon, Arthur's aunt, and Lancelot's mother who ends up killed by Balin (here as her other son Balan's foster-brother); Niniane,

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explicitly gives the role of Lady of the Lake to Morgan, explaining her association with the name "Nimiane" by just having her residing near a town called Nimiane (Ninniane). Morgan is also depicted as a fairy from a lake (with an underwater and invisible castle that can be accessed only with a guide

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to receive her end of the bargain, she asks for the head of Sir Balin the Savage, whom she blames for her brother's death. However, Arthur refuses this request. Instead it is Balin, claiming that "by enchantment and sorcery she has been the destroyer of many good knights", who swiftly decapitates her

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series radically recasts the story of Merlin and Niniane (Nimue), completely removing the aspect of malicious seduction and treachery dominant in the traditional version; it is the witch Morgause, the mother of Mordred (with Mordred notably undergoing a similarly revisionist treatment as Nimue), who

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After enchanting Merlin, Malory's Nimue replaces him as Arthur's magician aide and trusted adviser. When Arthur himself is in need in Malory's text, some incarnation of the Lady of the Lake, or her magic, or her agent, reaches out to help him. For instance, she saves Arthur from a magical attempt on

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Nimue, whom Malory describes as the "chief Lady of the Lake", plays a pivotal role in the Arthurian court throughout his story. The first time the character named Nimue appears is at the wedding of Arthur and Guinevere, as the young huntress rescued by Pellinore. She then proceeds to perform some of

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so they can be together forever. Afterwards, she kills Vortigan, which darkens her magic and turns her into the very first Dark One. Nimue breaks Excalibur but Merlin cannot bring himself to kill her and ends up being trapped in a tree. At some point, Nimue dies but she manages to live on in all of

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20th- and 21st-century authors of Arthurian fiction adapt the legend of the Lady of the Lake in various ways, sometimes using two or more bearers of this title while others choose to emphasize a single character. Typically influenced by Thomas Malory's telling of the story, fantasy writers tend to

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and thus a sister to both Morgan (Fata Morgana) and Arthur. Here she is a character mischievous to the extent that her own brother Arthur swears to burn her at the stake (as he also threatens to do with Morgan). This version of her briefly kidnaps Lancelot when he is an adult (along with Guinevere

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includes the character Nimue who has a song called "Follow Me" performed in Act I. In the play, Nimue, a beautiful water nymph, has come to draw Merlyn into her cave for an eternal sleep. He begs Nimue for answers, as he has forgotten if he has warned Arthur about Lancelot and Mordred, before his

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All this takes place during the time when Merlin is still at Arthur's side and prior to the introduction of the young Viviane in the same branch of the Post-Vulgate Cycle. Modern retellings, however, usually omit the episode of her apparent killing by Balin and at the same time often make her the

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said he was inspired by "this really evocative image of this young woman’s hand reaching out of this lake and offering the sword to Arthur, so that image is what captivated us. And it's a really mysterious, magical, sad image, and it begged all of these questions: Why is she giving the sword to

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Though Nynyve is sometimes friendly to Arthur and his knights, she is equally liable to act in her own interest. She can be also selfish, ruthless, desiring, and capricious. She has been identified as a deceptive and anti-patriarchal equally as often as she has been cast as a benevolent aid to

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from Avalon to Arthur in a now iconic scene. She is presented as a mysterious early benefactor of the young King Arthur, who is directed and led to her by Merlin. Appearing in her lake, she grants him Excalibur and its special scabbard after his original (also unnamed) sword breaks in the duel

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and assembles an army of legendary and folkloric beings to eradicate mankind, only to stopped by Hellboy at the cost of his own life. Although having been turned into an evil creature trying to destroy the word, Nimue still had a human part "that hated and feared what she had become."

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takes up the figure of the Lady of the Lake under a different name: the Faery princess Charis, daughter of Avallach, the king of Atlantis and later of Avalon. Married to the Breton prince Taliesin, she gives birth to Merlin. After Taliesin's death, Charis takes care of Merlin at Lake

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as a result of a kin feud between them (she blames Balin for the death of variably either her brother or her lover, while he blames her for the death of his mother, who had been burned at the stake) and a dispute over another enchanted sword from Avalon; her body later vanishes.

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wrote: "It may be that the two sides of Morgan's nature separated into two different characters and that the Lady of the Lake is an aspect of Morgan herself. If so, the two fays represent the two aspects (...) fertile and destructive, motherly and murderous, loving and cruel."

2326:, though she portrays a much different characterization: the Lady is the main antagonist seeking to destroy Camelot. It also depicts Merlin's sleep in the cave; as he slept, the Lady used her magic to conceive a son with Merlin and then enchanted him to sleep for 50 years. 1581:), a motif usually associated with Morgan; here it is also Morgan herself who sends the magical shield to Guinevere in an act recast as having malicious intent. The Lady is also described as Morgan's sister in some other Italian texts, such as the 13th-century poem 1369:). Malory does not use Nimue's name for the Lady of the Lake associated with Lancelot, who remains unnamed as well, described as only "one of the ladies of the lake", and she may thus be considered a third one. It is also possible that Malory had only access to the 504:

of antiquity along with Celtic origins. Knights searching for adventures meet these women with strange powers in the dark and deep forests but also in the castles that stand on their roads. Beneficial or malicious, they often hide their nature under the guise of a

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abilities, but whilst her home was ravaged by the Christian fanatics called the Red Paladins she is sent on a mission by her dying mother to deliver "The Sword of Power" (Excalibur but never named) to Merlin. Taking great liberties from the source materials,

2157:, a feminist retelling of the legend, expands on the tradition of multiple Ladies, with Viviane, Niniane and Nimue all being separate characters. Furthermore, in Bradley's works, both the 'Lady of the Lake' and the 'Merlin' are names of offices in the 1049:, the Lady keeps aiding Lancelot in various ways during his early adventures to become a famed knight and discover his true identity, usually acting through her maidens serving as her agents and messengers. She gives him her magical gifts, including a 2500:

s Lancelot (known until the finale as only "The Weeping Monk") is already adult when Nimue first meets him and is for most part just one of her enemies, Merlin is revealed to be her father, and she is instead Arthur's love interest. The story of

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section but was written later, linking her with the disappearance of Merlin from the romance tradition of Arthurian legend. She is given the name Viviane (or similar) and a human origin, although she is still being called a fairy. In the Vulgate

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as her lover; Thetis also uses magic to make her son invulnerable, similar to how Lancelot receives a ring that protects him from evil magic. The Greek myth may therefore have inspired or influenced the Arthurian legend, especially since

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to enrage Hellboy to pull Excalibur from Arthur's tomb and releases all demons throughout England]. However, Alice Monaghan channels Trevor's spirit to encourage Hellboy, who decapitated Nimue, and send her and all demons back into

2262:, representing the Christian side of the books' major theme of the danger of religious extremism, remain still alive as the story comes to the end. Nimue is due to be portrayed by Ellie James in the upcoming television adaptation 2545:"Morgan is also later said to be either a sister or the Lady herself. Descriptions of as a fairy queen are also similar to Geoffrey's depiction of Morgan on the Isle of Avalon to whom Arthur is taken to be healed after Camlan." 1981:

as a water nymph and Merlin's enchantress. True to the legend she traps Merlin in a cave, but White's Merlyn does not convey it as negative, and even refers to it as a holiday. They thus disappear together near the beginning of

2360:, which includes the episode titled "The Mark of Nimueh". The character has no connection to Merlin beyond his opposition to her plans, and her only connection to a lake is her use of a location called the Isle of the Blessed ( 1626:, living in a castle on the Isle of Zeeland). Here, their shared ancestors have been born from an illicit love between her beautiful daughter Morganette and Passelion, an amorous young human protégé of the mischievous spirit 2316:, Nimue and Merlin live together in another world until he leaves in order to help Arthur; in the end, however, Merlin returns to her and makes them both young again with the last of his magic. In the 2006 pseudo-sequel 5391: 1963:

give their version of Merlin a sorcerous female enemy, usually either Nimue, Morgan (often perceived as more plausible in this role due to her established enmity with Arthur in much of the legend), or Morgan's sister

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Consequently, she entraps and entombs her unresisting mentor within a tree, in a hole underneath a large stone, or inside a cave, depending on the version of this story as it is told in the different texts. In the

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Arthurian scholar A. O. H. Jarman, following suggestions first made in the 19th century, proposed that the name Viviane used in French Arthurian romances, was ultimately derived from (and a corruption of) the

748:, the Roman goddess of hunt and nature, a direct or spiritual descent from whom is actually explicitly attributed to Viviane within some French prose narratives, in which she is arguably even serving as Diana's 996:

part of the fairy abduction lore for the background of Lancelot as having been swapped with her son Mabuz, the figure of Lancelot's supernatural foster mother has no offspring of her own in neither Chrétien's

2443:. She is introduced in the eponymous episode "Nimue" when, fleeing from Vortigan who sacked and burned her village, she meets Merlin and they fall in love; with Merlin being immortal, Nimue drinks from the 2145:) takes on other parts of the traditional Lady of the Lake story, learning the occult arts from Merlin and ultimately trapping him with his own powerful "Charm of Making", the magic of shapeshifting. 512:

Among these fairies, Viviane plays a prominent role. The Lady of the Lake, called Niniène or Niniane in medieval texts, embodies the traditional water fairy. It is she who spirits away the newborn

2694: 1166:'s brother Meliadus the Younger as her actual lover. There she is proud of how Merlin had never taken her virginity, unlike what happened with his other female students such as Morgan. The Prose 2285:) herself briefly appears during the second seasons's finale in the eponymous episode "Lady of the Lake" ("Spirit of Avalon") to help Princess Gwenevere and Merlin defeat Lady Kale and Morgana. 516:

to keep him and raises him in her domain of the Lake, sheltered from the world. Once he is knighted, she will always keep an eye on her protégé, whom she will save several times from madness.

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The second Lady of the Lake is sometimes referred to by her title and sometimes referred to by name, today best known as Nimue (rendered Nynyve in Malory's original Winchester Manuscript of

651:. Due to the relative obscurity of the word, it was misunderstood as "fair wanton maiden" and taken to be the name of Myrddin's female captor. Others have linked the name Nymenche with the 2487:

Arthur? What was their relationship? Why him? Why does she have the sword?" (Contrary to Wheeler's stated belief, it is not Nimue who gives the sword in Malory's unrevised telling.) In

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of protection against enchantments in a manner similar in that to his fairy protectoress in Chrétien's poem (the same of another of her magic rings also grants Lancelot's lover Queen

579:) appears only in the Caxton text, the modernized and standardized 'Nimue' is now the most common form of the name of Malory's character, as Caxton's edition was the only version of 1454:

changes, hinting to the reader that something new will happen in order to help the author achieve the wanted interpretation of the Arthurian legend: each time the Lady reappears in

1194:). In any case, as a result of their usually final encounter Merlin almost always either dies or is never seen again by anyone else. Only in the recently found, alternative Bristol 1610:, named as such due to her residence of the Castle of the Lake later known as the Red Castle), who is depicted as an ancestor of Arthur himself from her union with King Alexander ( 1026:. She teaches Lancelot arts and writing, infusing him with wisdom and courage, and overseeing his training to become an unsurpassed warrior. She also rears his orphaned cousins 5457: 1884: 4290: 2225:. The traditional figure of Nimue belongs to Charis' shapeshifting evil sister Morgian (Morgan), the main antagonist through the entire series, including the modern-day-set 771:, similarly provides her son with magical weapons. Like the Lady of the Lake, Thetis is a water spirit who raises the greatest warrior of her time. Thetis' husband is named 1443:. In Malory's version, Brandin of the Isles, renamed Brian (Bryan), is Nimue's evil cousin rather than her paramour. Nimue instead becomes the lover and eventually wife of 2364:'s 19th-century name for Avalon). She ends up killed by Merlin in a showdown on her Isle of Nimueh in the season's last episode, "Le Morte d'Arthur". The ninth episode of 1316:

against King Pellinore. She is a mysterious character who is evidently neither Morgan nor the Damsel Huntress, but may possibly have a connection to the Lady of Avalon (

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too has Viviane leave Merlin for another lover, in this case the evil king Brandin of the Isles, whom she teaches some magic that he then applies to his terrible castle

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fragment, she resists his seduction with the help of a magic ring during the week they spend together; this particular text ends with him reuniting with Arthur.

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3447: 2947:"SELIM: Journal of the Spanish Society for Mediaeval English Language and Literature/revista de la Sociedad Española de Lengua Y Literatura Inglesa Medieval" 1799: 1496:. Malory's narration then counts Nimue among the magical queens who arrive in a black boat with Morgan (in the original account in the Vulgate Cycle's 1170:

explains this by a spell she put "on her groin which, as long as it lasted, prevented anyone from deflowering her and having relations with her." The

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in which Arthurian characters live in the land inhabited by other fairy tale characters. She appears as a secondary antagonist in the first half of

4370: 4344: 675:(another otherworldly woman of a Celtic myth), or, as a feminine form of the masculine name Ninian, with the likes of the 5th-century (male) saint 291:. Different sorceresses known as the Lady of the Lake appear concurrently as separate characters in some versions of the legend since at least the 2306:, and the latter being a noblewoman damsel in distress with no supernatural powers who is the object of Merlin's affections. In the motif evoking 1277:

actually makes it clear that its Lady of the Lake and Viviane are in fact the one and same character. There, she also uses other names, including

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involving Thetis was well known across the former Roman Empire and among the medieval writers dealing with Celtic myths and lore. The Roman fort

2761: 1273:) is later raised, at first not knowing his real parentage, by Viviane. Nevertheless, in the French romances only the narration of the Vulgate 1751:

An original story of Percival defeating the evil Vivien (then sparing her life after she pleads mercy) in Howard Pyle's 1905 illustration for

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contains elements of a more primitive version of this tale than Chrétien's, the infant Lancelot was spirited away to a lake by a water fairy (

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in medieval Welsh sources), meaning "a wanderer of pallid countenance", which was originally applied as an epithet to the famous prototype of

1753: 1182:, an incognito Viviane abortively turns King Brandegorre's son Evadeam into the deformed Dwarf Knight for refusing her love. Conversely, the 5418: 2924: 2878: 2478:, a feminist re-imagining of the Arthurian legend based on an illustrated novel of the same title, Nimue is the protagonist, portrayed by 8452: 1888: 1653:

A number of locations are traditionally associated with the Lady of the Lake's abode. Such places within Great Britain include the lakes

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In the end, a female hand emerging from a lake reclaims Excalibur in a miraculous scene when the sword is thrown into the water by Sir

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as a prominent character, was also the first to mention his upbringing by a fairy in a lake. If it is accepted that the Franco-German

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features the Lady of the Lake Nina, who, inverting Nimue's role in Malory, brings Merlin out of his cave and back to Arthur's court.

347:. French and foreign medieval authors and copyists since the early 13th century produced various forms of the latter two, including: 1265:

to be with a man named Felix, but then she was herself killed by her lover at that lake, which came to be called the Lake of Diana (

8437: 8432: 6308: 1805:, including the three "Ellen songs" ("Ellens Gesang I", "Ellens Gesang II", and "Ellens Gesang III"), although Schubert's music to 1404:, the Lady of the Lake traps Merlin in a tomb, which results in his death. She does this out of cruelty and a hatred of Merlin. In 1257:

in the adventure of the three knights separately sent by Merlin to rescue her from kidnapping; the quest is soon completed by King

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From Scythia to Camelot: A radical reassessment of the legends of King Arthur, the Knights of the Round Table, and the Holy Grail

2273: 480:(Niniane). According to Lucy Paton, the most primitive French form of this name might have been Niniane. Danielle Quéruel of the 1544:

Lady of the Lake", as compared to the "upstart magician" Viviane in the French prose cycles. The 13th/14th-century English poem

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who is the scene's witness instead of Malory's Bedivere). Together, they bear the mortally wounded Arthur away to Avalon.

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the same actions as the Lady of the Lake of his sources but is different in some ways. For instance, in the Post-Vulgate

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Lacy, Norris J.; Ashe, Geoffrey; Ihle, Sandra Ness; Kalinke, Marianne E.; Thompson, Raymond H. (5 September 2013).

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finale, Freya, now a water spirit, returns Excalibur to Merlin so that he can give it to Prince Arthur Pendragon.

2060: 1892: 1674: 1630:, hundreds years earlier when Morgane cursed them so that one of their descendants would one day kill the other. 1261:

who tracks down and kills her abductor. The Post-Vulgate rewrite also describes how Diana had killed her partner

5743: 1602:, a lengthy romance prequel to the Arthurian legend, the figures of the Lady of the Lake and of the enchantress 1221:, that caused Viviane to be so alluring to Merlin when she first met him there as a young teenager. The Vulgate 7816: 7352: 7155: 5552: 4752: 4539:"The characters of the novel" in the various editions of the novel, including London: Macdonald, 1951, p. xvii. 3064: 1447:, a gentle young knight whom she then also puts under her protection so "that he was never slain by her days." 1038:. All this takes her only a few years in the human world. Afterwards, she sends off the adolescent Lancelot to 2137:, an uncredited actress plays the Lady of Lake, twice holding up the fabled sword, once for Merlin to give to 8462: 8417: 6731: 6631: 1528:

In some cases, it is uncertain whether Morgan and the Lady of the Lake are identical or separate characters.

1139: 2254:), Derfel's final act of casting the sword away is not to return it to her but to hide it from her forever. 8457: 8318: 5833: 5798: 2431: 301:, with the latter describing them as a hierarchical group, while some texts also give this title to either 2506:

the TV series adapted the entire original book, it was supposed to continue in the canceled second season.

1500:, the chief lady in the boat, seen holding hands with Morgan and calling for Arthur, is not recognised by 6303: 2436: 2264: 2221:, hence her name "Lady of the Lake". She is the protagonist and narrator of the first book in the cycle, 2080: 1772: 1724: 4374: 4348: 2302:) are separated, with the former being a goddess-like beneficent fae who is the twin sister of the evil 2023:

and may have been the prototype of Morgan. The novel ends with the protagonist Porius saving the wizard

8467: 6467: 6351: 5961: 5698: 4142: 3475: 3157:(in Old High German). Frankfurt am Main, DE: Druck und Verlag von Heinrich Ludwig Brönner. p. 116. 2361: 5373: 3461: 790:, known to the post-Roman Britons as Avalana and today seen by some as the location of the historical 7636: 7470: 7427: 5545: 648: 2161:

hierarchy: the Lady of the Lake is the title of the ruling priestess of Avalon, and the Merlin is a

1638: 8273: 8156: 7744: 3885: 2307: 2045:, but "Follow Me" is echoed in the notably similar "Come with Me" sung by the Lady of the Lake for 1977: 1845: 1546: 444: 5458:"Netflix's Cursed Ending: What Happens To Katherine Langford's Nimue And What We Still Don't Know" 3080: 1590: 1311:

Another, unnamed Lady of the Lake appears in the Post-Vulgate tradition to bestow the magic sword

1018:

explains it as Merlin's work). There, she raises Lancelot from his infancy having stolen him from

8477: 8141: 5580: 5494: 4803: 2474: 2440: 2247: 2158: 2110: 1776:, in 1810, drawing on the romance of the legend, but with an entirely different story set around 1416: 1201:

According to her backstory in the chronologically later (but happening earlier plotwise) Vulgate

492:

are one of the most important elements of Arthurian fantasy. They are supernatural beings, often

1879:

may contain an excessive amount of intricate detail that may interest only a particular audience

1745: 1692:, written around 1230: the place where Lancelot is raised is described there as to the north of 1415:"'Look!', said the Lady Nimue, 'Ye ought to be sore ashamed to be the death of such a knight!'" 606: 8422: 8308: 6726: 5442: 5358: 4828:

The Infernal Return: The Recurrence of the Primordial in Films of the Reaction Years, 1977-1983

4136: 4094: 3148: 2318: 2238: 967: 861: 583:

published until 1947. Nimue is also sometimes rendered by modern authors and artists as either

271:. She plays several important roles in many stories, including providing Arthur with the sword 5290: 5263: 5173: 5146: 5011: 4984: 4924: 4769: 4715: 4688: 4661: 4604: 4577: 4550: 4514: 4487: 4419: 4328: 4067: 3972: 3945: 3900: 3832: 3763: 3588: 3367: 3286: 3259: 3152: 3122: 3095: 3054: 3039: 2961: 2837: 1237:

describes how Viviane was born and lived in a magnificent castle at the foot of a mountain in

931: 752:. It has also been speculated that the name Viviane may be a derivative form of Diana (French 7621: 7571: 6691: 6441: 6313: 5515: 5119: 5092: 5065: 4879: 4853: 4826: 4742: 4634: 4446: 4214: 4041: 3999: 3790: 3561: 3534: 3507: 3421: 3394: 3340: 3313: 2949:. Servicio de Publicaciones, Universidad de Oviedo. 4 February 1991 – via Google Books. 2897: 2852: 2810: 2611: 2255: 2148: 1947: 1853: 1820: 1728: 1380: 1300: 1162:, for instance, Viviane is especially cruel in the way she disposes of Merlin and then takes 1138:

The Vulgate Cycle is first to tell of either a different or the same Lady of the Lake in the

944: 897: 572: 4894: 1701: 1428:

his life made by his sister Morgan le Fay and from the death at the hands of Morgan's lover

963: 841: 826:

named Viviane del Acqs ("of the water"), whose three daughters (associated with the mothers

8015: 6066: 6051: 6026: 5976: 5851: 5673: 5598: 3930: 2483: 2115: 1806: 1586: 1348: 909: 727: 539: 297: 1685: 1618:, where both hers and Merlin's ancestry lines are derived from the ancient Fairy Morgane ( 1432:

as in the Post-Vulgate, and together with Tristan frees Arthur from the lustful sorceress

1295: 8: 7362: 7024: 6521: 6481: 2516: 2415: 2299: 2290: 2208: 2153: 1984: 1937: 1611: 1119:"Waving her hands and uttering the charm, presently enclosed him fast within the tree." 1084: 955: 264: 52: 8080: 5537: 5475: 3462:"September: Bristol Merlin update | News and features | University of Bristol" 2707: 2641: 7054: 7019: 6801: 6721: 6371: 6366: 5966: 5926: 5856: 4396: 3744: 3736: 3672: 3664: 3623: 3240: 3232: 3197: 3189: 2755: 2674: 2479: 2420: 2348: 2295: 2196: 2072: 1990: 1825: 1812: 1733: 1578: 1254: 1015: 615: 596: 506: 412: 292: 134: 6984: 5438:"'Cursed' on Netflix: Inside the Reimagined King Arthur Legend's Violent First Season" 1113: 1034:

after having her sorcerous damsel Saraïde (later called Celise) rescue them from King

8283: 8205: 8035: 7576: 7307: 6336: 5981: 5916: 5572: 5296: 5269: 5206: 5179: 5152: 5125: 5098: 5071: 5044: 5017: 4990: 4930: 4900: 4859: 4832: 4775: 4748: 4721: 4694: 4667: 4640: 4610: 4583: 4556: 4520: 4493: 4425: 4270: 4245: 4220: 4190: 4165: 4158: 4100: 4073: 4047: 4005: 3978: 3951: 3906: 3865: 3838: 3796: 3769: 3748: 3676: 3654: 3594: 3567: 3540: 3513: 3427: 3400: 3373: 3346: 3319: 3292: 3265: 3244: 3201: 3128: 3101: 3060: 3019: 2967: 2903: 2858: 2816: 2666: 2617: 2377: 2365: 2357: 2312: 2036: 1998: 1856:

as the Lady of the Lake in a fusion between Arthurian legend and French Catholicism.

1791: 1786: 1564: 1493: 1218: 1042:'s court as the nameless White Knight, due to her own affinity with the color white. 971: 745: 656: 260: 42: 4579:

From Camelot to Spamalot: Musical Retellings of Arthurian Legend on Stage and Screen

4461: 3081:"The Encyclopædia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences and General Literature" 2083:(given name Morgana); their surname is Inwudu. The Lady of the Lake has appeared in 1693: 1328:, this Lady of the Lake is suddenly attacked and beheaded at King Arthur's court by 8427: 8386: 8251: 8050: 7606: 7601: 7490: 7190: 7185: 7130: 7029: 6856: 6806: 6434: 6250: 6056: 6036: 5519: 3728: 3646: 3224: 3181: 2736:

53.4 (1978): 761–777. JSTOR. NCSU University Libraries, Raleigh, NC. 15 March 2009.

2448:

the following Dark Ones, appearing to them as a vision. She forms an alliance with

2233: 2133: 1376: 799: 248: 232: 7014: 3859: 2794:

Ford, Patrick K. (1976). "The death of Merlin in the chronicle of Elis Gruffudd".

317: 8472: 8171: 7861: 7826: 7327: 7230: 7150: 7125: 6716: 6538: 6496: 6341: 6331: 6285: 6260: 6240: 6218: 6206: 6016: 5921: 5678: 5613: 5495:"Katherine Langford fantasy series 'Cursed' canceled at Netflix after one season" 5200: 5038: 4950: 4026: 3013: 2946: 2521: 2453: 2213: 2192: 2138: 1681: 1573: 1517: 1278: 1094: 1019: 975: 936: 901: 873: 869: 827: 802:

interpreted the supposed (as attributed by medieval authors) Biblical origins of

760: 668: 664: 652: 240: 216: 8292: 8060: 7089: 4882:. National Endowment for the Humanities. 5 August 1986 – via Google Books. 2402: 1031: 8241: 8146: 8121: 7749: 7682: 7382: 7175: 6994: 6979: 6949: 6831: 6553: 6506: 6415: 6403: 6178: 6132: 2466: 2410: 2395: 2373: 2336: 2200: 2180: 2103: 2079:(introduced in 1978), her youngest sister, and their middle sister is the evil 2042: 1838: 1823:

adapted several stories of the Lady of the Lake for his 1859–1885 poetic cycle

1795: 1646: 1537: 1521: 1512: 1451: 1120: 1014:

enchanted realm, the entry to which is disguised as an illusion of a lake (the

1007: 948: 811: 726:

gain his magic sword. Possible literary prototypes include two characters from

707: 691: 687: 680: 624: 560: 449: 224: 58: 7697: 6213: 5392:"'King Arthur: Legend of the Sword' hits the reset button on Arthurian legend" 4795: 2899:

The Chalice of Magdalene: The Search for the Cup That Held the Blood of Christ

1214: 1213:. She was born in Dionas' domain that included the fairy forests of Briosque ( 199: 8411: 8261: 8070: 8065: 7949: 7561: 7377: 7135: 7084: 7069: 6548: 6091: 5876: 5663: 5317:"'Once Upon a Time' recap: the origins of Merlin, Excalibur and the Dark One" 3974:

Roman de toute chevalerie: Reading Alexander Romance in Late Medieval England

2746:

Jarman, A.O.H. (1969). "A note on the possible Welsh derivation of Viviane".

2670: 2526: 2353: 2259: 2243: 2076: 2024: 1589:

identified Viviane with one of Arthur's other sisters, the otherwise obscure

1469: 1437: 1175: 1058: 979: 940: 889: 819: 644: 534: 356: 302: 78: 6861: 6766: 5419:"Frank Miller Calls "Cursed" His Feminist Retelling of the King Arthur Myth" 5262:

Coldham-Fussell, Victoria; Edlich-Muth, Miriam; Ward, Renée (30 June 2022).

5244: 5226: 3705:

Hodges, Kenneth. “Swords and Sorceresses: The Chivalry of Malory's Nyneve.”

1891:

any relevant information, and removing excessive detail that may be against

1555:, and as a former student of her fellow fairy Viviana in the French romance 8288: 8225: 7889: 7841: 7769: 7754: 7672: 7616: 7292: 7160: 7099: 7034: 6999: 6959: 6761: 6681: 6651: 6641: 6558: 6543: 6511: 6391: 6346: 6137: 5956: 5886: 4216:

The Lost Tomb of King Arthur: The search for Camelot and the isle of Avalon

3694:

King Arthur's Enchantresses: Morgan and Her Sisters in Arthurian Tradition.

3668: 2449: 2390: 2142: 2128: 2097: 2065: 2027:(the story's Merlin figure) from his entombment by Nineue on the summit of 1777: 1767: 1654: 1098: 892:) of the Island of Avallon in Geoffrey's work. Furthermore, the fairy from 732: 493: 6851: 3732: 2798:. Vol. 7. University of California Press. pp. 379–390, esp. 381. 1809:

has become far more famous in its later adaptation, known as "Ave Maria".

456:. Further variations of these include alternate spellings with the letter 8313: 7831: 7347: 7332: 7322: 7215: 7165: 7039: 6924: 6884: 6671: 6626: 6533: 6255: 6173: 6001: 5971: 5941: 5568: 3369:

Transforming Tales: Rewriting Metamorphosis in Medieval French Literature

2383:

Nimue, the Blood Queen, appears as one of the primary antagonists in the

2278: 2041:

memories fade permanently and he is led away. She does not appear in the

2020: 1972: 1662: 1598: 1477: 1464:

Arthur's court, or even the literary descendant of protective goddesses.

1450:

In an analysis by Kenneth Hodges, Nimue appears through the story as the

1242: 1039: 983: 881: 335:

Today, the Lady of the Lake is best known as the character called either

322: 268: 7974: 7954: 7904: 6771: 6756: 4953:. Southern Methodist University. 5 August 1999 – via Google Books. 3858:"Cantari del falso scudo Qui s'incominciano i cantari del Falso Scudo". 3740: 3719:

Kaufman, Amy S. (2007). "The Law of the Lake: Malory's Sovereign Lady".

3650: 3627: 2678: 1841:

style benevolent figure who raises Lancelot and gives Arthur his sword.

970:, the Lady of the Lake began being featured by this title in the French 8045: 7969: 7677: 7581: 7541: 7342: 7287: 7255: 7210: 7195: 7170: 7094: 6989: 6939: 6894: 6889: 6821: 6786: 6776: 6666: 6589: 6584: 6574: 6516: 6501: 6486: 6158: 6127: 6071: 5788: 5708: 5013:

Arthurian Animation: A Study of Cartoon Camelots on Film and Television

3641:

Archibald, Elizabeth; Leitch, Megan G; Saunders, Corinne, eds. (2018).

3448:"Rediscovered Medieval Manuscript Offers New Twist on Arthurian Legend" 3236: 3193: 2730: 2444: 2250:, Arthur's son with Guinevere using Excalibur (as she already did with 2085: 1670: 1666: 1642: 1614:). The later Lady of the Lake who raises Lancelot is also mentioned in 1050: 1027: 1011: 993: 715: 660: 184: 7260: 7240: 7009: 6426: 1997:

Nineue ferch Afallach, "Tennyson's Vivien", is a fairy enchantress in

962:

Following her early, unnamed appearances in the 12th-century poems of

8325: 8190: 7984: 7734: 7687: 7631: 7611: 7515: 7495: 7475: 7465: 7367: 7049: 7004: 6944: 6919: 6899: 6791: 6746: 6579: 6361: 6153: 6122: 6096: 6031: 6006: 5896: 5866: 5818: 5808: 5643: 5638: 5608: 2339:) is an angel sent to help King Arthur progress in the quest for the 2331: 2323: 2303: 2058:

The Lady of the Lake is satirized off-screen in the 1975 comedy film

1834: 1781: 1329: 1312: 1290: 1258: 1054: 795: 782: 741: 737: 695: 272: 7919: 6636: 5728: 4966:"Doctor Who actress is Cornwall's 'Lady of the Lake' in Winter King" 3228: 3215:

Loomis, Roger S. (1945). "Morgain la Fee and the Celtic goddesses".

3185: 2929:

twists the ancient Arthurian stories of Nimue, the Lady of the Lake"

2840:. Oxford, UK: Clarendon Press. p. 284 – via Google Books. 2657:

Nitze, William A. (1954). "An Arthurian Crux: Viviane or Niniane?".

2352:

also features two characters based on the Lady of the Lake. Nimueh (

1852:. This is translated as "Our Lady of the Lake", making reference to 703: 699: 686:

Further theories connect her to the Welsh lake fairies known as the

8355: 8256: 8126: 8116: 8106: 8096: 8000: 7979: 7964: 7959: 7909: 7856: 7821: 7785: 7739: 7729: 7667: 7566: 7556: 7551: 7422: 7413: 7302: 7282: 7180: 7140: 7074: 6964: 6954: 6934: 6929: 6909: 6811: 6781: 6751: 6661: 6528: 6280: 6270: 6245: 6235: 6225: 6086: 6041: 6011: 5936: 5906: 5871: 5846: 5813: 5778: 5758: 5713: 5668: 5588: 5335:"10 Best Portrayals Of King Arthur & Merlin In TV & Movies" 4796:"Excalibur (1981) - The Lady of the Lake Scene (3/10) | Movieclips" 4127:. Shields, Damian (photographer). 24 September 2014. Archived from 3864:. Moyen Âge européen. UGA Éditions. 20 May 2021. pp. 117–157. 2731:"Nymue, the Chief Lady of the Lake, in Malory's Le Morte D’arthur." 2171: 2167: 2051: 2012: 1964: 1627: 1489: 1238: 1217:) and Darnantes, and it was an enchantment of her fairy godmother, 1210: 1023: 988: 926: 856: 851: 835: 803: 787: 768: 711: 672: 592: 513: 306: 284: 280: 180: 93: 8183: 7795: 7790: 6676: 3818:

King Arthur and the Grail: The Arthurian Legends and Their Meaning

3614:

Wilson, Robert H. (1956). "Addenda on Malory's Minor Characters".

3476:"Brocéliande dans le Lancelot-Graal - Encyclopédie de Brocéliande" 2184:(1997), the third part of which follows the young Viviane. A 2001 982:

of the hero Lancelot, she inherits the role of an unnamed aquatic

8350: 8278: 8215: 8200: 8151: 8101: 8030: 8025: 7944: 7939: 7934: 7929: 7894: 7846: 7702: 7626: 7546: 7520: 7500: 7437: 7432: 7418: 7250: 7059: 6974: 6904: 6846: 6841: 6741: 6736: 6711: 6701: 6686: 6656: 6491: 6230: 6196: 6168: 6163: 5996: 5951: 5911: 5861: 5841: 5823: 5803: 5793: 5773: 5768: 5763: 5753: 5748: 5738: 5733: 5658: 5653: 5648: 5623: 5603: 4923:

McInnis, David; Parisot, Eric; Wilkinson, Jessica (15 May 2020).

2385: 2277:, the name of the first season's antagonist Lady Kale (voiced by 2091: 2046: 2028: 2016: 1837:

and Mordred who ensnares Merlin, while the Lady of the Lake is a

1658: 1606:

have been merged to create the character of Sebile of the Lake (

1501: 1444: 1433: 1429: 1358: 1253:) in her introductory episode, in which she serves the role of a 1163: 1035: 831: 823: 776: 719: 501: 489: 152: 7225: 4121:"A literary walk in Loch Lomond and the Trossachs National Park" 2141:, and once to return to Arthur. Separately, the film's Morgana ( 1233:

that was considered a goddess by her subjects. The Post-Vulgate

8335: 8246: 8220: 8210: 8166: 8136: 8020: 8005: 7884: 7811: 7781: 7776: 7707: 7692: 7641: 7460: 7442: 7337: 7297: 7277: 7272: 7267: 7245: 7205: 7200: 7145: 7109: 7064: 7044: 6879: 6816: 6696: 6621: 6616: 6275: 6265: 6201: 6117: 6081: 6076: 6046: 6021: 5986: 5901: 5783: 5723: 5633: 5628: 5526: 4267:

On the Trail of Merlin: A Guide to the Celtic Mystery Tradition

4004:. Society for the Study of Mediaeval Languages and Literature. 2251: 2218: 2068:

described this iconic dialogue line as ever "immortal" in 2005.

2008: 1723:"O master, do you love my tender rhyme?" Viviane and Merlin in 1603: 1262: 1230: 1226: 1074: 905: 791: 772: 764: 749: 723: 676: 640: 288: 276: 203: 165: 5261: 986:, her prototype in the earlier texts. However, while Ulrich's 8340: 8330: 8195: 8178: 8161: 8111: 8075: 8055: 8040: 7924: 7914: 7851: 7836: 7764: 7719: 7714: 7662: 7596: 7510: 7505: 7485: 7480: 7357: 7317: 7312: 7220: 7104: 6914: 6796: 6706: 6646: 6457: 6101: 6061: 5946: 5931: 5688: 5683: 5593: 2492: 2369: 2340: 2162: 1830: 1697: 943:

sending him a dream vision of Guinevere's infidelity to him.

822:; he identified her descendant as the 6th-century Comtess of 807: 497: 256: 115: 7235: 5172:

Archibald, Elizabeth; Johnson, David F. (20 November 2014).

4242:

The Enchanted Land: Myths and legends of Britain's landscape

3861:

Cantari arthuriens : Romances italiennes du xive siècle

2376:) dies and vows to repay Merlin for his kindness to her. In 2368:

is titled "The Lady of the Lake", wherein a sorceress named

2095:, and her sister's own series. In the 1983 DC Comics series 1269:). This is presumably the place where Lancelot of the Lake ( 794:, had been also curiously dedicated the Roman water goddess 8131: 8010: 7899: 7759: 7724: 7536: 7372: 5891: 5718: 5618: 4926:

Refashioning Myth: Poetic Transformations and Metamorphoses

4291:"Château & lac de Comper - site légendaire Brocéliande" 4187:

Encompassing Britain: Painting at the Points of the Compass

4001:

The Tragedy of Knighthood: Origins of the Tannhäuser-legend

1784:

of Scotland. Scott's material furnished subject matter for

1385:

The Story of King Arthur and His Knights of the Round Table

815: 176: 5292:

Monstrous Imaginaries: The Legacy of Romanticism in Comics

4025:

Kinter, William Lewis; Keller, Joseph R. (15 March 1967).

3886:"Claris and Laris | Robbins Library Digital Projects" 775:, while in some tales the Lady of the Lake has the knight 8268: 6969: 6826: 5567: 1145:-derived section. It takes place before its main Vulgate 5121:

The Sorcerer's Apprentice: An Anthology of Magical Tales

3899:

Arseneau, Isabelle; Gingras, Francis (11 October 2011).

2960:

Littleton, C. Scott; Malcor, Linda A. (18 August 2000).

509:

in order to test the bravery and virtue of the knights.

4922: 4768:

Lambdin, Laura C.; Lambdin, Robert T. (5 August 2008).

3640: 3533:

Malory, Sir Thomas; Malory, Thomas (7 September 1975).

1299:

The gift of the sword Excalibur in an illustration for

838:) would thus become known as the 'Ladies of the Lake'. 543:

and itself has several variations: her name appears as

2879:"The Legend and Legacy of the Lady of Llyn y Fan Fach" 2646:. Boston, Ginn & Co. – via Internet Archive. 2075:, Vivienne is the Lady of the Lake. Nimue is the good 1673:'s area of Pomparles Bridge in Somerset, and the lake 1245:. She is initially known as the beautiful 12-year-old 872:) known as the Lady of the Sea and then raised in her 4027:"The Sibyl: Prophetess of Antiquity and Medieval Fay" 3261:

Journey to Avalon: The final discovery of King Arthur

2993:

Anne Berthelot, "Merlin and the Ladies of the Lake".

2775:

Jarman, A.O.H. (1954–1956). "Hwimleian, Chwibleian".

1680:

In France, Viviane is also connected with Brittany's

1373:

part of the Post-Vulgate Cycle as a relevant source.

4418:

Whetter, Kevin S.; Leitch, Megan G. (4 April 2023).

4333:. New York Public Library. New York : Scribner. 4069:

Perceforest: The Prehistory of King Arthur's Britain

698:), and the Irish goddess of the underworld Bé Finn ( 4686: 4462:"A Comparison of Celtic Myth and Arthurian Romance" 2774: 2643:

Studies in the Fairy Mythology of Arthurian Romance

2413:as the main antagonist in the 2019 film adaptation 91:, earlier and unnamed versions of the character in 5245:"BBC One - Merlin, Series 2, The Lady of the Lake" 4896:Fantasy Fiction and Welsh Myth: Tales of Belonging 4157: 1829:. He splits her into two characters: Viviane is a 1817:The Egyptian Maid or The Romance of the Water-Lily 4744:Silk and Potatoes: Contemporary Arthurian Fantasy 4663:Women and Arthurian Literature: Seizing the Sword 3613: 2429:Nimue is featured in the 2010s television series 2356:) serves as the primary antagonist of the show's 1507: 8409: 5171: 4155: 3820:. London: Wedienfled and Nicholson. p. 123. 3339:Archibald, Elizabeth; Johnson, David F. (2008). 3338: 3258:Barber, Chris; Pykitt, David (15 January 1997). 3168:Tatlock, J.S.P. (1943). "Geoffrey of Monmouth's 2793: 1688:. The oldest localization of the Lake is in the 7400: 5227:"BBC One - Merlin, Series 1, Le Morte d'Arthur" 3997: 3898: 3718: 3167: 3147: 2959: 2178:universe novels, among them the direct prequel 1700:, in the middle of the (now extinct) forest of 1205:, Viviane was a daughter of the knight Dionas ( 591:, the forms introduced in the 19th century (in 521:The much later form Nimue, in which the letter 5492: 4771:Arthurian Writers: A Biographical Encyclopedia 4767: 4447:"Essays on Lord Tennyson's Idylls of the King" 4307: 2885:. Folklore of the Welsh Lakes. 17 August 2017. 2748:Gallica: Essays Presented to J. Heywood Thomas 2745: 2206:In his Christian-themed 1987–1999 book series 1225:informs the reader that, back "in the time of 1068: 1010:(Vulgate) prose cycle, the Lady resides in an 255:) is a name or a title used by several either 6442: 5553: 4892: 4717:The Book of Merlin: Magic, Legend and History 4417: 4330:The Story of the Champions of the Round Table 4160:A Traveller's Guide to the Kingdoms of Arthur 3616:The Journal of English and Germanic Philology 3315:King Arthur: Dark Age Warrior and Mythic Hero 1754:The Story of the Champions of the Round Table 259:or fairy-like but human enchantresses in the 16:Enchantress and sorceress in Arthurian legend 4982: 4659: 4024: 3532: 3257: 1833:-like deceitful villain and an associate of 1419:'s illustration for Janet MacDonald Clark's 718:is both associated with water and helps the 267:and mythology associated with the legend of 5354:"Everyone Who's Died on 'Once Upon a Time'" 4983:Lupack, Alan; Lupack, Barbara Tepa (2001). 4690:The New Arthurian Encyclopedia: New edition 3905:. Les Presses de l'Université de Montréal. 3536:King Arthur and His Knights: Selected Tales 2401:the mantle of the Irish triple war goddess 1936:It has been suggested that this section be 1400:, Malory's source for the earlier parts of 8392: 6449: 6435: 5560: 5546: 4824: 4444: 4156:Fairbairn, Neil; Cyprien, Michael (1983). 4092: 3709:12.2 (2002): 18. JSTOR. Web. 19 Nov. 2014. 2922: 2835: 2760:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 2725: 2723: 2721: 2393:, influenced by the classic comics series 2294:, the characters of the Lady of the Lake ( 1129:The Legends of King Arthur and His Knights 904:, son of Morgan's early Welsh counterpart 287:, and helping to take the dying Arthur to 67:The Legends of King Arthur and His Knights 51: 5067:Cinema Arthuriana: Twenty Essays, rev. ed 4039: 3831:Bruce, Christopher W. (7 December 1998). 3815: 2989: 2987: 2985: 2983: 2482:in the adaptation. Writer and showrunner 1911:Learn how and when to remove this message 1596:In the 14th-century French prose romance 563:'s print edition, but it had been rather 5416: 5040:Television Cartoon Shows: The shows, M-Z 5036: 4893:Filmer-Davies, Kath (13 December 1996). 4713: 4548: 4485: 4310:"La légende de Lancelot du Lac en Anjou" 4264: 4239: 4212: 4113: 3998:Clifton-Everest, J. M. (15 March 1979). 3788: 3420:Bruce, Christopher W. (15 August 1999). 3311: 3285:Loomis, Roger Sherman (30 August 2005). 3052: 3011: 2895: 2796:Viator: Medieval and Renaissance Studies 2546: 1988:(1940), however Merlyn later returns in 1637: 1511: 1468: 1410: 1375: 1294: 930: 806:'s bloodline by noting the belief about 605: 496:, whose figures are an extension of the 376:(in addition to Viviane) in the Vulgate 328:The Story of King Arthur and His Knights 316: 6456: 5351: 5198: 4740: 4184: 3971:Stone, Charles Russell (7 March 2019). 3643:The Evolution of Middle English Romance 3586: 3365: 2850: 2808: 2777:Bulletin of the Board of Celtic Studies 2718: 2609: 2274:Princess Gwenevere and the Jewel Riders 1540:, Morgan herself should be considered " 935:The Lady of the Lake finds Lancelot at 8410: 5435: 5374:"Once Upon A Time: "Lady Of The Lake"" 5090: 4632: 4628: 4626: 4602: 4575: 4512: 3943: 3559: 3505: 3284: 3214: 3120: 3093: 3040:"The Evolution of Arthurian Romance I" 2980: 2705: 2107:style, which Merlin turns against her. 1482:Stories of King Arthur and His Knights 1421:Legends of King Arthur and His Knights 920: 88: 8397:List of beings referred to as fairies 7399: 6602: 6430: 5541: 5288: 5145:Fee, Christopher (15 November 2018). 5117: 5094:Movies Made for Television: 2005-2009 5063: 5009: 4963: 4918: 4916: 4851: 4806:from the original on 13 November 2021 4660:Wynne-Davies, Marion (27 July 2016). 4516:T.H. White's The Once and Future King 4449:. Macmillan – via Google Books. 4265:Begg, Ean C. M.; Rich, Deike (1991). 4208: 4206: 3970: 3830: 3761: 3688: 3686: 3419: 3007: 3005: 3003: 2923:Westenfeld, Adrienne (17 July 2020). 2690: 2688: 2656: 2639: 2174:) are subjects of Bradley's extended 1940:out into another article titled 1284: 884:character and her paradise island in 6603: 5091:Marill, Alvin H. (11 October 2010). 4825:Farnsworth, Rodney (5 August 2002). 4714:Matthews, John (15 September 2020). 4606:King Arthur: Myth-Making and History 4459: 4445:Littledale, Harold (14 March 1893). 4373:. Schubertline.co.uk. Archived from 4347:. Schubertline.co.uk. Archived from 4326: 4093:Roussineau, Gilles (15 March 1987). 4029:. Dorrance – via Google Books. 3392: 2896:Phillips, Graham (30 January 2004). 2635: 2633: 2605: 2603: 2011:("divine mother") was a daughter of 1922: 1863: 1340: 312: 5289:Ahmed, Maaheen (29 November 2019). 5144: 4623: 4549:Goodrich, Peter H. (14 June 2004). 4513:Brewer, Elisabeth (5 August 1993). 4295:Destination Brocéliande en Bretagne 4040:Keightley, Thomas (1 August 2020). 3762:White, Richard (12 February 1998). 2573:) are all easily confounded, as is 2329:In the 2005–2009 television series 1943:Lady of the Lake in popular culture 1022:following the death of his father, 13: 8453:Fictional characters who use magic 4913: 4633:Slocum, Sally K. (5 August 1992). 4486:Goodrich, Peter H. (5 June 2004). 4203: 3789:Anderson, Graham (18 March 2004). 3683: 3312:Matthews, John (15 January 2008). 3000: 2685: 2565:. In manuscript form, the letters 2288:In the 1998 television miniseries 2004:Porius: A Romance of the Dark Ages 1859: 1551:water dragon) in the Italian tale 915: 850:, the first known story featuring 818:(today's France) and her death at 706:). It has been also noted how the 533:, was invented and popularized by 14: 8489: 5509: 4929:. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. 4240:Bord, Janet; Bord, Colin (1995). 3944:Ashley, Mike (1 September 2011). 3765:King Arthur in Legend and History 3288:Celtic Myth and Arthurian Romance 3121:Ashley, Mike (1 September 2011). 3053:Anderson, Graham (1 March 2004). 2838:"Studies in the Arthurian Legend" 2630: 2600: 2271:In the 1995–1996 animated series 2227:Avalon: The Return of King Arthur 1707: 1704:(the "Bois en Val" of the book). 896:has a son whose name Mabuz is an 667:), and the name Niniane with the 537:through his 15th-century English 339:, or several scribal variants of 21:Lady of the Lake (disambiguation) 8391: 8382: 8381: 6409: 6397: 6385: 5525: 5486: 5468: 5450: 5429: 5410: 5384: 5366: 5345: 5327: 5309: 5282: 5255: 5237: 5219: 5192: 5165: 5138: 5111: 5084: 5057: 5030: 5003: 4976: 3902:Cultures courtoises en mouvement 3094:Ashley, Mike (7 February 2013). 2577:with any of them plus the vowel 2462:King Arthur: Legend of the Sword 2346:The 2008–2012 television series 1927: 1868: 1800:seven songs from Walter Scott's 1744: 1716: 1112: 1103:Legends and Romances of Brittany 1083: 974:prose by the 13th century. As a 847:Lancelot, the Knight of the Cart 575:. Even though 'Nymue' (with the 482:Bibliothèque nationale de France 8438:Female characters in television 8433:Female characters in literature 5417:Johnston, Rich (30 June 2019). 5352:Whitney, Alyse (15 July 2016). 5037:Erickson, Hal (14 March 2005). 4964:Brown, Shannon (4 March 2023). 4957: 4943: 4886: 4872: 4845: 4818: 4788: 4761: 4741:Roberts, Adam (5 August 1998). 4734: 4720:. Amberley Publishing Limited. 4707: 4680: 4653: 4596: 4576:Woller, Megan (5 August 2021). 4569: 4542: 4533: 4506: 4479: 4453: 4438: 4411: 4389: 4363: 4337: 4320: 4308:Georges Conrad (2 April 2012). 4301: 4283: 4258: 4233: 4178: 4149: 4086: 4060: 4033: 4018: 3991: 3977:. University of Toronto Press. 3964: 3947:The Mammoth Book of King Arthur 3937: 3919: 3892: 3878: 3851: 3824: 3809: 3782: 3755: 3712: 3699: 3634: 3607: 3590:Knighthood in the Morte Darthur 3580: 3553: 3526: 3499: 3486: 3468: 3454: 3440: 3413: 3396:Lancelot-Grail: Lancelot, pt. I 3386: 3359: 3332: 3305: 3278: 3251: 3208: 3161: 3141: 3124:The Mammoth Book of King Arthur 3114: 3087: 3073: 3046: 3032: 2953: 2939: 2916: 2889: 2871: 2844: 2829: 2802: 2787: 2768: 2465:features the Lady of the Lake ( 2061:Monty Python and the Holy Grail 1572:) makes the Lady a daughter of 1562:The 15th-century Italian prose 939:to cure his madness, caused by 744:. Another possibility involves 6357:King Arthur's messianic return 5493:Tyler Aquilina (9 July 2021). 5295:. Univ. Press of Mississippi. 5148:Arthur: God and Hero in Avalon 5124:. Princeton University Press. 5064:Harty, Kevin J. (7 May 2015). 4852:Hoyle, Brian (5 August 2012). 4831:. Greenwood Publishing Group. 3563:The Knights of the Round Table 3318:. The Rosen Publishing Group. 3097:A Brief History of King Arthur 2739: 2699: 2650: 2555: 2539: 2472:In the 2020 television series 1508:Other identities and relations 1391:by James Thomas Knowles (1862) 1186:, a late variant of the Prose 643:, a prophetic wild man figure 221:Dame du Lac, Demoiselle du Lac 1: 5436:Wigler, Josh (20 July 2020). 5423:Bleeding Cool News And Rumors 5215:– via books.google.com. 4603:Higham, N. J. (5 July 2005). 3929:. 8 July 2018. Archived from 3834:The Arthurian Name Dictionary 3509:Paganism in Arthurian Romance 3494:The Arthurian Name Dictionary 3423:The Arthurian Name Dictionary 2851:Markale, Jean (1 June 1995). 2809:Markale, Jean (1 June 1995). 2750:. Cardiff, UK. pp. 1–12. 2563:The Arthurian Name Dictionary 2532: 1241:as a daughter of the King of 1229:", Diana had been a Queen of 1209:) and a niece of the Duke of 295:and consequently the seminal 195: 5202:Medievalism in North America 5178:. Boydell & Brewer Ltd. 4858:. Rowman & Littlefield. 4636:Popular Arthurian Traditions 4519:. Boydell & Brewer Ltd. 4421:Arthurian Literature XXXVIII 4072:. DS Brewer. 15 March 2011. 3950:. Little, Brown Book Group. 3593:. Boydell & Brewer Ltd. 3399:. Boydell & Brewer Ltd. 3345:. Boydell & Brewer Ltd. 3149:von Zatzikhoven, Ulrich 3127:. Little, Brown Book Group. 3100:. Little, Brown Book Group. 2836:Rhys, John (15 April 1891). 2007:(1951). In Welsh mythology, 1893:Knowledge's inclusion policy 1844:The full French name of the 1725:Eleanor Fortescue-Brickdales 1324:. Later in the Post-Vulgate 1003:nor any of the later texts. 7: 7401:Fairy-like beings worldwide 5118:Zipes, Jack (9 July 2019). 5043:. McFarland & Company. 4582:. Oxford University Press. 3816:Cavendish, Richard (1978). 3539:. Oxford University Press. 3372:. Oxford University Press. 3012:Goodrich, Peter H. (2004). 2510: 2283:Starla and the Jewel Riders 2015:; she was derived from the 1770:wrote an influential poem, 1645:as seen from the slopes of 1633: 1337:same character as Viviane. 1069:Merlin's beloved and captor 888:are reminiscent of Morgen ( 351:(in addition to Ninianne / 10: 8494: 8448:Fictional lords and ladies 8443:Female legendary creatures 6468:Classifications of fairies 6352:Historicity of King Arthur 5199:Verduin, Kathleen (1994). 5010:Salda, Michael N. (2013). 4855:The Cinema of John Boorman 3496:, Routledge, 1999, p. 145. 3151:(1845). Hahn, K.A. (ed.). 2640:Paton, Lucy Allen (1903). 2585:) or any two of them with 2362:Thomas Wentworth Higginson 2236:'s 1995–1997 novel series 2031:, Wales' highest mountain. 1436:in a motif taken from the 1346: 1288: 1219:Diana the Huntress Goddess 1072: 1045:Through much of the Prose 924: 595:'s poem and a painting by 464:, such as in the cases of 18: 8372: 8301: 8234: 8089: 7993: 7877: 7870: 7804: 7655: 7529: 7453: 7406: 7395: 7118: 6872: 6609: 6598: 6567: 6474: 6465: 6380: 6324: 6296: 6187: 6146: 6110: 5832: 5697: 5579: 5476:"Cursed Ending Explained" 5305:– via Google Books. 5278:– via Google Books. 5188:– via Google Books. 5175:Arthurian Literature XXXI 5161:– via Google Books. 5134:– via Google Books. 5107:– via Google Books. 5080:– via Google Books. 5053:– via Google Books. 4939:– via Google Books. 4909:– via Google Books. 4868:– via Google Books. 4841:– via Google Books. 4784:– via Google Books. 4757:– via Google Books. 4730:– via Google Books. 4703:– via Google Books. 4676:– via Google Books. 4649:– via Google Books. 4619:– via Google Books. 4592:– via Google Books. 4565:– via Google Books. 4529:– via Google Books. 4502:– via Google Books. 4434:– via Google Books. 4213:Phillips, Graham (2016). 4189:. Adlard Coles Nautical. 4109:– via Google Books. 4082:– via Google Books. 4056:– via Google Books. 4046:. BoD – Books on Demand. 4014:– via Google Books. 3987:– via Google Books. 3960:– via Google Books. 3847:– via Google Books. 3805:– via Google Books. 3587:Kennedy, Beverly (1992). 3566:. Bloomsbury Publishing. 3549:– via Google Books. 3480:broceliande.brecilien.org 3436:– via Google Books. 3366:Griffin, Miranda (2015). 3301:– via Google Books. 3274:– via Google Books. 3137:– via Google Books. 3110:– via Google Books. 3069:– via Google Books. 2976:– via Google Books. 2867:– via Google Books. 2825:– via Google Books. 2561:Christopher Bruce (1999) 2186:television adaptation of 1520:'s feature low relief at 740:and Merlin's half-sister 736:: Merlin's one-time wife 663:woman from the legend of 567:(used predominantly) and 191: 172: 158: 148: 140: 130: 122: 111: 106: 84: 74: 50: 40: 33: 5268:. Taylor & Francis. 5205:. Boydell & Brewer. 4989:. Boydell & Brewer. 4424:. Boydell & Brewer. 3792:King Arthur in Antiquity 3645:. Boydell & Brewer. 3512:. Boydell & Brewer. 3426:. Taylor & Francis. 3393:Lacy, Norris J. (2010). 3342:Arthurian Literature XXV 3291:. Chicago Review Press. 3154:Lanzelet: Eine Erzählung 3056:King Arthur in Antiquity 2966:. Taylor & Francis. 2854:Merlin: Priest of Nature 2812:Merlin: Priest of Nature 2613:Merlin: Priest of Nature 2549:King Arthur: Man or Myth 2335:, the Lady of the Lake ( 2308:Edwin Arlington Robinson 1978:The Once and Future King 1846:University of Notre Dame 1547:Of Arthour and of Merlin 1516:"The Lady of the Lake", 1061:'s power in the Italian 57:The Lady of the Lake in 6837:Dökkálfar and Ljósálfar 5992:Lady/Ladies of the Lake 4185:Collyer, Peter (2003). 4096:Le roman de Perceforest 3560:Mersey, Daniel (2015). 2547:Sullivan, Tony (2020). 1661:in Cornwall, the lakes 1553:Cantari del Falso Scudo 1417:William Henry Margetson 610:Viviane with Merlin in 472:as in Michel le Noir's 424:Baladro del Sage Merlin 107:In-universe information 8309:Christmas gift-bringer 6727:Brown Man of the Muirs 6261:Land/Castle of Maidens 5522:at The Camelot Project 5443:The Hollywood Reporter 5359:The Hollywood Reporter 4986:King Arthur in America 4219:. Simon and Schuster. 4141:: CS1 maint: others ( 3692:Larrington, Carolyne. 2902:. Simon and Schuster. 2857:. Simon and Schuster. 2815:. Simon and Schuster. 2616:. Simon and Schuster. 2610:Markale, Jean (1995). 2239:The Warlord Chronicles 1848:, founded in 1842, is 1650: 1525: 1485: 1466: 1424: 1392: 1308: 959: 947:' illumination of the 862:Ulrich von Zatzikhoven 619: 518: 332: 252: 244: 236: 228: 220: 7181:Nicnevin/Gyre-Carling 6692:Blue men of the Minch 6568:Abodes and structures 4327:Pyle, Howard (1905). 4131:on 25 September 2014. 3733:10.1353/art.2007.0036 3506:Darrah, John (1997). 2706:Mangle, Josh (2018). 2389:comic book series by 2256:Stephen Thomas Knight 2149:Marion Zimmer Bradley 2049:in the later musical 1854:Mary, mother of Jesus 1821:Alfred, Lord Tennyson 1641: 1515: 1494:Arthur's final battle 1474:The Passing of Arthur 1472: 1461: 1414: 1381:George Housman Thomas 1379: 1301:George Melville Baker 1298: 1289:Further information: 1251:Damoiselle Cacheresse 1073:Further information: 934: 925:Further information: 767:, mother of the hero 702:, mother of the hero 649:medieval Welsh poetry 609: 573:Winchester Manuscript 571:in Malory's original 487: 320: 8463:Supernatural legends 8418:Arthurian characters 7587:Hopkinsville Goblins 6027:Lynette and Lyonesse 5852:Angharad Golden-Hand 5674:Ambrosius Aurelianus 5534:at Wikimedia Commons 5516:The Lady of the Lake 4164:. Historical Times. 3492:Bruce, Christopher, 2883:folklorethursday.com 2409:She is portrayed by 2116:The Last Enchantment 1773:The Lady of the Lake 1322:Propheties de Merlin 1160:Prophéties de Merlin 1125:James Thomas Knowles 1123:'s illustration for 1097:'s illustration for 1063:Prophéties de Merlin 910:Roger Sherman Loomis 728:Geoffrey of Monmouth 599:, respectively), or 63:James Thomas Knowles 61:'s illustration for 19:For other uses, see 8458:Mythological queens 7308:Sprite/Water sprite 6482:Celtic sacred trees 5396:The Washington Post 5265:The Arthurian World 5097:. Scarecrow Press. 4802:. 28 January 2019. 4397:"Ellens Gesang III" 4377:on 29 December 2013 4351:on 29 December 2013 4043:The Fairy Mythology 3696:I. B. Tauris, 2006. 3651:10.2307/j.ctv1ntgs3 2319:Merlin's Apprentice 2300:Isabella Rossellini 2209:The Pendragon Cycle 2188:The Mists of Avalon 2154:The Mists of Avalon 1985:The Ill-Made Knight 1790:, an 1819 opera by 1727:' illustration for 1612:Alexander the Great 1383:' illustration for 1353:In Thomas Malory's 1091:Merlin and Vivienne 921:Lancelot's guardian 283:after the death of 265:medieval literature 28:Fictional character 6637:Aos Sí (Aes Sídhe) 6416:History portal 6404:England portal 6372:Tristan and Iseult 6367:Knight of the Swan 5967:Guiron le Courtois 5927:Elaine of Corbenic 5857:Anguish of Ireland 5380:. 15 October 2012. 5323:. 9 November 2015. 5151:. Reaktion Books. 4552:Merlin: A Casebook 4489:Merlin: A Casebook 4371:"Ellens Gesang II" 4125:The Great Outdoors 4099:. Librairie Droz. 3015:Merlin: A Casebook 2995:Merlin: A Casebook 2480:Katherine Langford 2296:Miranda Richardson 2197:Julianna Margulies 2073:DC Comics Universe 1991:The Book of Merlyn 1826:Idylls of the King 1813:William Wordsworth 1807:Ellen's third song 1734:Idylls of the King 1702:Beaufort-en-Vallée 1651: 1579:Tristan and Isolde 1526: 1486: 1425: 1393: 1309: 1305:Ballads of Bravery 1285:Giver of Excalibur 1255:damsel in distress 960: 956:BNF fr. 114 f. 352 945:Evrard d'Espinques 842:Chrétien de Troyes 620: 616:Edward Burne-Jones 525:can be written as 507:virgin in distress 445:Arthour and Merlin 333: 293:Post-Vulgate Cycle 168:, sometimes others 8468:Diana (mythology) 8405: 8404: 8368: 8367: 8364: 8363: 8036:Headless Horseman 7577:Fearsome critters 7391: 7390: 6424: 6423: 6337:Battle of Camlann 6111:Animal characters 6067:Percival's sister 5917:Elaine of Astolat 5573:Matter of Britain 5530:Media related to 5321:Los Angeles Times 4639:. Popular Press. 4589:978-0-19-751102-2 4399:. Greatscores.com 4345:"Ellens Gesang I" 3546:978-0-19-501905-6 2659:Romance Philology 2366:the second season 2034:The 1960 musical 1999:John Cowper Powys 1971:Nimue appears in 1960: 1959: 1955: 1921: 1920: 1913: 1850:Notre Dame du Lac 1792:Gioachino Rossini 1787:La donna del lago 1760: 1690:Lancelot en prose 1686:Château de Comper 1565:La Tavola Ritonda 1530:Richard Cavendish 1456:Le Morte d'Arthur 1406:Le Morte d'Arthur 1402:Le Morte d'Arthur 1389:Le Morte d'Arthur 1355:Le Morte d'Arthur 1349:Le Morte d'Arthur 1342:Le Morte d'Arthur 1178:; in the Vulgate 972:chivalric romance 814:'s later life in 810:' purported wife 581:Le Morte d'Arthur 540:Le Morte d'Arthur 313:Names and origins 298:Le Morte d'Arthur 261:Matter of Britain 237:Arloedhes an Lynn 229:Arglwyddes y Llyn 209: 208: 43:Matter of Britain 36:(Viviane / Nimue) 34:Lady of the Lake 8485: 8395: 8394: 8385: 8384: 8378: 8081:Tuatha Dé Danann 8051:Jimmy Squarefoot 7875: 7874: 7602:Little green men 7397: 7396: 7363:Will-o'-the-wisp 7131:Margot the fairy 7080:Lady of the Lake 7030:Jenny Greenteeth 7025:Jack o' the bowl 6857:Queen of Elphame 6604:Attested fairies 6600: 6599: 6475:Related articles 6451: 6444: 6437: 6428: 6427: 6414: 6413: 6412: 6402: 6401: 6400: 6392:Wales portal 6390: 6389: 6388: 6251:Esplumoir Merlin 6057:Nine sorceresses 6037:Mark of Cornwall 5922:Elaine of Benoic 5834:Other characters 5719:Bors the Younger 5614:Elaine of Garlot 5562: 5555: 5548: 5539: 5538: 5532:Lady of the Lake 5529: 5503: 5502: 5490: 5484: 5483: 5472: 5466: 5465: 5454: 5448: 5447: 5433: 5427: 5426: 5414: 5408: 5407: 5405: 5403: 5388: 5382: 5381: 5370: 5364: 5363: 5349: 5343: 5342: 5341:. 14 April 2021. 5331: 5325: 5324: 5313: 5307: 5306: 5286: 5280: 5279: 5259: 5253: 5252: 5241: 5235: 5234: 5223: 5217: 5216: 5196: 5190: 5189: 5169: 5163: 5162: 5142: 5136: 5135: 5115: 5109: 5108: 5088: 5082: 5081: 5061: 5055: 5054: 5034: 5028: 5027: 5007: 5001: 5000: 4980: 4974: 4973: 4961: 4955: 4954: 4947: 4941: 4940: 4920: 4911: 4910: 4890: 4884: 4883: 4876: 4870: 4869: 4849: 4843: 4842: 4822: 4816: 4815: 4813: 4811: 4792: 4786: 4785: 4765: 4759: 4758: 4738: 4732: 4731: 4711: 4705: 4704: 4684: 4678: 4677: 4657: 4651: 4650: 4630: 4621: 4620: 4600: 4594: 4593: 4573: 4567: 4566: 4546: 4540: 4537: 4531: 4530: 4510: 4504: 4503: 4483: 4477: 4476: 4474: 4472: 4466:web.stanford.edu 4457: 4451: 4450: 4442: 4436: 4435: 4415: 4409: 4408: 4406: 4404: 4393: 4387: 4386: 4384: 4382: 4367: 4361: 4360: 4358: 4356: 4341: 4335: 4334: 4324: 4318: 4317: 4305: 4299: 4298: 4287: 4281: 4280: 4262: 4256: 4255: 4237: 4231: 4230: 4210: 4201: 4200: 4182: 4176: 4175: 4163: 4153: 4147: 4146: 4140: 4132: 4117: 4111: 4110: 4090: 4084: 4083: 4064: 4058: 4057: 4037: 4031: 4030: 4022: 4016: 4015: 3995: 3989: 3988: 3968: 3962: 3961: 3941: 3935: 3934: 3923: 3917: 3916: 3896: 3890: 3889: 3882: 3876: 3875: 3855: 3849: 3848: 3828: 3822: 3821: 3813: 3807: 3806: 3786: 3780: 3779: 3759: 3753: 3752: 3716: 3710: 3703: 3697: 3690: 3681: 3680: 3638: 3632: 3631: 3611: 3605: 3604: 3584: 3578: 3577: 3557: 3551: 3550: 3530: 3524: 3523: 3503: 3497: 3490: 3484: 3483: 3472: 3466: 3465: 3458: 3452: 3451: 3444: 3438: 3437: 3417: 3411: 3410: 3390: 3384: 3383: 3363: 3357: 3356: 3336: 3330: 3329: 3309: 3303: 3302: 3282: 3276: 3275: 3264:. Weiser Books. 3255: 3249: 3248: 3212: 3206: 3205: 3165: 3159: 3158: 3145: 3139: 3138: 3118: 3112: 3111: 3091: 3085: 3084: 3077: 3071: 3070: 3050: 3044: 3043: 3036: 3030: 3029: 3009: 2998: 2991: 2978: 2977: 2957: 2951: 2950: 2943: 2937: 2936: 2920: 2914: 2913: 2893: 2887: 2886: 2875: 2869: 2868: 2848: 2842: 2841: 2833: 2827: 2826: 2806: 2800: 2799: 2791: 2785: 2784: 2772: 2766: 2765: 2759: 2751: 2743: 2737: 2729:Holbrook, S. E. 2727: 2716: 2715: 2703: 2697: 2692: 2683: 2682: 2654: 2648: 2647: 2637: 2628: 2627: 2607: 2598: 2559: 2553: 2552: 2543: 2517:Grendel's mother 2432:Once Upon a Time 2378:the third season 2234:Bernard Cornwell 2195:as Viviane, and 1951: 1931: 1930: 1923: 1916: 1909: 1905: 1902: 1896: 1872: 1871: 1864: 1802:Lady of the Lake 1758: 1748: 1720: 1116: 1087: 941:Morgan the fairy 800:Laurence Gardner 710:goddess Satana ( 213:Lady of the Lake 162: 126:Lady of the Lake 89:Disputed origins 75:First appearance 55: 31: 30: 8493: 8492: 8488: 8487: 8486: 8484: 8483: 8482: 8408: 8407: 8406: 8401: 8376: 8360: 8297: 8230: 8172:Enchanted Moura 8085: 7989: 7866: 7862:Yara-ma-yha-who 7800: 7651: 7525: 7449: 7402: 7387: 7151:Mooinjer veggey 7114: 7020:Jack-o'-lantern 6985:Heinzelmännchen 6868: 6605: 6594: 6563: 6539:Household deity 6497:Fairy godmother 6470: 6461: 6455: 6425: 6420: 6410: 6408: 6398: 6396: 6386: 6384: 6376: 6342:Dolorous Stroke 6332:Battle of Badon 6320: 6292: 6286:Tintagel Castle 6241:Chapel perilous 6219:Val sans retour 6207:Glastonbury Tor 6183: 6142: 6106: 5957:Green Knight(s) 5882:Black Knight(s) 5867:Balin and Balan 5828: 5700: 5693: 5679:Uther Pendragon 5575: 5566: 5512: 5507: 5506: 5491: 5487: 5482:. 17 July 2020. 5474: 5473: 5469: 5464:. 31 July 2020. 5456: 5455: 5451: 5434: 5430: 5415: 5411: 5401: 5399: 5390: 5389: 5385: 5372: 5371: 5367: 5350: 5346: 5333: 5332: 5328: 5315: 5314: 5310: 5303: 5287: 5283: 5276: 5260: 5256: 5243: 5242: 5238: 5225: 5224: 5220: 5213: 5197: 5193: 5186: 5170: 5166: 5159: 5143: 5139: 5132: 5116: 5112: 5105: 5089: 5085: 5078: 5062: 5058: 5051: 5035: 5031: 5024: 5008: 5004: 4997: 4981: 4977: 4962: 4958: 4949: 4948: 4944: 4937: 4921: 4914: 4907: 4891: 4887: 4878: 4877: 4873: 4866: 4850: 4846: 4839: 4823: 4819: 4809: 4807: 4794: 4793: 4789: 4782: 4766: 4762: 4755: 4739: 4735: 4728: 4712: 4708: 4701: 4685: 4681: 4674: 4658: 4654: 4647: 4631: 4624: 4617: 4601: 4597: 4590: 4574: 4570: 4563: 4547: 4543: 4538: 4534: 4527: 4511: 4507: 4500: 4484: 4480: 4470: 4468: 4458: 4454: 4443: 4439: 4432: 4416: 4412: 4402: 4400: 4395: 4394: 4390: 4380: 4378: 4369: 4368: 4364: 4354: 4352: 4343: 4342: 4338: 4325: 4321: 4306: 4302: 4289: 4288: 4284: 4277: 4263: 4259: 4252: 4238: 4234: 4227: 4211: 4204: 4197: 4183: 4179: 4172: 4154: 4150: 4134: 4133: 4119: 4118: 4114: 4107: 4091: 4087: 4080: 4066: 4065: 4061: 4054: 4038: 4034: 4023: 4019: 4012: 3996: 3992: 3985: 3969: 3965: 3958: 3942: 3938: 3933:on 8 July 2018. 3927:"Pulzella Gaia" 3925: 3924: 3920: 3913: 3897: 3893: 3884: 3883: 3879: 3872: 3857: 3856: 3852: 3845: 3829: 3825: 3814: 3810: 3803: 3787: 3783: 3776: 3760: 3756: 3717: 3713: 3704: 3700: 3691: 3684: 3661: 3639: 3635: 3612: 3608: 3601: 3585: 3581: 3574: 3558: 3554: 3547: 3531: 3527: 3520: 3504: 3500: 3491: 3487: 3474: 3473: 3469: 3460: 3459: 3455: 3446: 3445: 3441: 3434: 3418: 3414: 3407: 3391: 3387: 3380: 3364: 3360: 3353: 3337: 3333: 3326: 3310: 3306: 3299: 3283: 3279: 3272: 3256: 3252: 3229:10.2307/2854594 3213: 3209: 3186:10.2307/2853704 3166: 3162: 3146: 3142: 3135: 3119: 3115: 3108: 3092: 3088: 3079: 3078: 3074: 3067: 3051: 3047: 3038: 3037: 3033: 3026: 3010: 3001: 2992: 2981: 2974: 2958: 2954: 2945: 2944: 2940: 2925:"How Netflix's 2921: 2917: 2910: 2894: 2890: 2877: 2876: 2872: 2865: 2849: 2845: 2834: 2830: 2823: 2807: 2803: 2792: 2788: 2773: 2769: 2753: 2752: 2744: 2740: 2728: 2719: 2712:Graduate Theses 2704: 2700: 2693: 2686: 2655: 2651: 2638: 2631: 2624: 2608: 2601: 2560: 2556: 2544: 2540: 2535: 2522:Llyn y Fan Fach 2513: 2454:Prince Charming 2439:, portrayed by 2265:The Winter King 2214:Stephen Lawhead 2193:Anjelica Huston 2139:Uther Pendragon 2081:Morgaine le Fey 2043:film adaptation 1975:'s book series 1956: 1953:(December 2022) 1932: 1928: 1917: 1906: 1900: 1897: 1883:Please help by 1882: 1873: 1869: 1862: 1860:Popular culture 1765: 1764: 1763: 1762: 1761: 1749: 1740: 1739: 1738: 1721: 1710: 1682:Paimpont forest 1636: 1620:Morgane la Faee 1574:Uther Pendragon 1570:The Round Table 1557:Claris et Laris 1518:George Frampton 1510: 1467: 1398:Suite du Merlin 1387:, adapted from 1371:Suite du Merlin 1351: 1345: 1326:Suite du Merlin 1293: 1287: 1247:Damsel Huntress 1235:Suite de Merlin 1136: 1135: 1134: 1133: 1132: 1117: 1108: 1107: 1106: 1095:Otway McCannell 1088: 1077: 1071: 1047:Lancelot Propre 976:fairy godmother 937:Tintagel Castle 929: 923: 918: 916:Medieval legend 908:. According to 874:Land of Maidens 870:Old High German 708:North Caucasian 669:Welsh mythology 653:Irish mythology 519: 422:in the Spanish 384:in the version 315: 160: 144:Dyonas (father) 70: 35: 29: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 8491: 8481: 8480: 8478:Mary Magdalene 8475: 8470: 8465: 8460: 8455: 8450: 8445: 8440: 8435: 8430: 8425: 8420: 8403: 8402: 8400: 8399: 8389: 8379: 8373: 8370: 8369: 8366: 8365: 8362: 8361: 8359: 8358: 8353: 8348: 8343: 8338: 8333: 8328: 8323: 8322: 8321: 8316: 8305: 8303: 8302:Cross-regional 8299: 8298: 8296: 8295: 8286: 8281: 8276: 8271: 8266: 8265: 8264: 8259: 8249: 8244: 8242:Dames blanches 8238: 8236: 8232: 8231: 8229: 8228: 8223: 8218: 8213: 8208: 8203: 8198: 8193: 8188: 8187: 8186: 8176: 8175: 8174: 8164: 8159: 8154: 8149: 8147:Kallikantzaros 8144: 8139: 8134: 8129: 8124: 8122:Doñas de fuera 8119: 8114: 8109: 8104: 8099: 8093: 8091: 8087: 8086: 8084: 8083: 8078: 8073: 8068: 8063: 8058: 8053: 8048: 8043: 8038: 8033: 8028: 8023: 8018: 8013: 8008: 8003: 7997: 7995: 7991: 7990: 7988: 7987: 7982: 7977: 7972: 7967: 7962: 7957: 7952: 7947: 7942: 7937: 7932: 7927: 7922: 7917: 7912: 7907: 7902: 7897: 7892: 7887: 7881: 7879: 7872: 7868: 7867: 7865: 7864: 7859: 7854: 7849: 7844: 7839: 7834: 7829: 7824: 7819: 7814: 7808: 7806: 7802: 7801: 7799: 7798: 7793: 7788: 7779: 7774: 7773: 7772: 7762: 7757: 7752: 7750:Mrenh kongveal 7747: 7742: 7737: 7732: 7727: 7722: 7717: 7712: 7711: 7710: 7705: 7700: 7695: 7690: 7685: 7675: 7670: 7665: 7659: 7657: 7653: 7652: 7650: 7649: 7644: 7639: 7634: 7629: 7624: 7619: 7614: 7609: 7604: 7599: 7594: 7589: 7584: 7579: 7574: 7569: 7564: 7559: 7554: 7549: 7544: 7539: 7533: 7531: 7527: 7526: 7524: 7523: 7518: 7513: 7508: 7503: 7498: 7493: 7488: 7483: 7478: 7473: 7468: 7463: 7457: 7455: 7451: 7450: 7448: 7447: 7446: 7445: 7440: 7430: 7425: 7416: 7410: 7408: 7404: 7403: 7393: 7392: 7389: 7388: 7386: 7385: 7383:Yan-gant-y-tan 7380: 7375: 7370: 7365: 7360: 7355: 7350: 7345: 7340: 7335: 7330: 7325: 7320: 7315: 7310: 7305: 7300: 7295: 7290: 7285: 7280: 7275: 7270: 7265: 7264: 7263: 7258: 7253: 7248: 7243: 7233: 7228: 7223: 7218: 7213: 7208: 7203: 7198: 7193: 7188: 7183: 7178: 7176:Nelly Longarms 7173: 7168: 7163: 7158: 7153: 7148: 7143: 7138: 7133: 7128: 7122: 7120: 7116: 7115: 7113: 7112: 7107: 7102: 7097: 7092: 7087: 7082: 7077: 7072: 7067: 7062: 7057: 7052: 7047: 7042: 7037: 7032: 7027: 7022: 7017: 7012: 7007: 7002: 6997: 6992: 6987: 6982: 6980:The Hedley Kow 6977: 6972: 6967: 6962: 6957: 6952: 6950:Gwragedd Annwn 6947: 6942: 6937: 6932: 6927: 6922: 6917: 6912: 6907: 6902: 6897: 6892: 6887: 6882: 6876: 6874: 6870: 6869: 6867: 6866: 6865: 6864: 6859: 6854: 6849: 6844: 6839: 6834: 6824: 6819: 6814: 6809: 6804: 6799: 6794: 6789: 6784: 6779: 6774: 6769: 6764: 6759: 6754: 6749: 6744: 6739: 6734: 6729: 6724: 6719: 6714: 6709: 6704: 6699: 6694: 6689: 6684: 6679: 6674: 6669: 6664: 6659: 6654: 6649: 6644: 6639: 6634: 6629: 6624: 6619: 6613: 6611: 6607: 6606: 6596: 6595: 6593: 6592: 6587: 6582: 6577: 6571: 6569: 6565: 6564: 6562: 6561: 6556: 6554:Tutelary deity 6551: 6546: 6541: 6536: 6531: 6526: 6525: 6524: 6514: 6509: 6507:Fairy painting 6504: 6499: 6494: 6489: 6484: 6478: 6476: 6472: 6471: 6466: 6463: 6462: 6454: 6453: 6446: 6439: 6431: 6422: 6421: 6419: 6418: 6406: 6394: 6381: 6378: 6377: 6375: 6374: 6369: 6364: 6359: 6354: 6349: 6344: 6339: 6334: 6328: 6326: 6322: 6321: 6319: 6318: 6317: 6316: 6306: 6300: 6298: 6294: 6293: 6291: 6290: 6289: 6288: 6278: 6273: 6268: 6263: 6258: 6253: 6248: 6243: 6238: 6233: 6228: 6223: 6222: 6221: 6211: 6210: 6209: 6199: 6193: 6191: 6185: 6184: 6182: 6181: 6179:Siege Perilous 6176: 6171: 6166: 6161: 6156: 6150: 6148: 6144: 6143: 6141: 6140: 6135: 6133:Questing Beast 6130: 6125: 6120: 6114: 6112: 6108: 6107: 6105: 6104: 6099: 6094: 6089: 6084: 6079: 6074: 6069: 6064: 6059: 6054: 6049: 6044: 6039: 6034: 6029: 6024: 6019: 6014: 6009: 6004: 5999: 5994: 5989: 5984: 5979: 5974: 5969: 5964: 5959: 5954: 5949: 5944: 5942:Fisher King(s) 5939: 5934: 5929: 5924: 5919: 5914: 5909: 5904: 5899: 5894: 5892:Bors the Elder 5889: 5884: 5879: 5874: 5869: 5864: 5859: 5854: 5849: 5844: 5838: 5836: 5830: 5829: 5827: 5826: 5821: 5816: 5811: 5806: 5801: 5796: 5791: 5786: 5781: 5776: 5771: 5766: 5761: 5756: 5751: 5746: 5741: 5736: 5731: 5726: 5721: 5716: 5711: 5705: 5703: 5699:Knights of the 5695: 5694: 5692: 5691: 5686: 5681: 5676: 5671: 5666: 5661: 5656: 5651: 5646: 5641: 5636: 5631: 5626: 5621: 5616: 5611: 5606: 5601: 5596: 5591: 5585: 5583: 5577: 5576: 5565: 5564: 5557: 5550: 5542: 5536: 5535: 5523: 5511: 5510:External links 5508: 5505: 5504: 5485: 5467: 5449: 5428: 5409: 5383: 5365: 5344: 5326: 5308: 5301: 5281: 5274: 5254: 5236: 5218: 5211: 5191: 5184: 5164: 5157: 5137: 5130: 5110: 5103: 5083: 5076: 5056: 5049: 5029: 5023:978-0786474684 5022: 5002: 4996:978-0859916301 4995: 4975: 4956: 4942: 4935: 4912: 4905: 4885: 4871: 4864: 4844: 4837: 4817: 4787: 4780: 4760: 4753: 4733: 4726: 4706: 4699: 4679: 4672: 4652: 4645: 4622: 4615: 4595: 4588: 4568: 4561: 4541: 4532: 4525: 4505: 4498: 4478: 4452: 4437: 4430: 4410: 4388: 4362: 4336: 4319: 4300: 4282: 4276:978-0850309393 4275: 4257: 4251:978-1855384071 4250: 4232: 4226:978-1591437581 4225: 4202: 4196:978-1904050025 4195: 4177: 4171:978-0237456566 4170: 4148: 4112: 4105: 4085: 4078: 4059: 4052: 4032: 4017: 4010: 3990: 3983: 3963: 3956: 3936: 3918: 3911: 3891: 3877: 3870: 3850: 3843: 3823: 3808: 3801: 3781: 3774: 3754: 3711: 3698: 3682: 3659: 3633: 3622:(4): 563–587. 3606: 3600:978-0859913546 3599: 3579: 3573:978-1472806178 3572: 3552: 3545: 3525: 3518: 3498: 3485: 3467: 3453: 3439: 3432: 3412: 3406:978-1843842262 3405: 3385: 3379:978-0199686988 3378: 3358: 3352:978-1843841715 3351: 3331: 3324: 3304: 3297: 3277: 3270: 3250: 3223:(2): 183–203. 3207: 3180:(3): 265–287. 3160: 3140: 3133: 3113: 3106: 3086: 3072: 3065: 3045: 3031: 3025:978-1135583392 3024: 2999: 2979: 2972: 2952: 2938: 2915: 2908: 2888: 2870: 2863: 2843: 2828: 2821: 2801: 2786: 2767: 2738: 2717: 2698: 2684: 2665:(4): 326–330. 2649: 2629: 2623:978-1620554500 2622: 2599: 2554: 2551:. p. 172. 2537: 2536: 2534: 2531: 2530: 2529: 2524: 2519: 2512: 2509: 2508: 2507: 2470: 2467:Jacqui Ainsley 2459:The 2017 film 2457: 2427: 2426: 2425: 2411:Milla Jovovich 2381: 2374:Laura Donnelly 2344: 2337:Audrey Fleurot 2327: 2286: 2269: 2230: 2204: 2201:Tamsin Egerton 2181:Lady of Avalon 2151:'s 1983 novel 2146: 2129:John Boorman's 2125: 2121:Arthurian Saga 2113:'s 1979 novel 2108: 2104:vagina dentata 2069: 2056: 2032: 1995: 1958: 1957: 1935: 1933: 1926: 1919: 1918: 1876: 1874: 1867: 1861: 1858: 1839:guardian angel 1815:'s 1831 poem, 1796:Franz Schubert 1750: 1743: 1742: 1741: 1722: 1715: 1714: 1713: 1712: 1711: 1709: 1708:Modern culture 1706: 1694:Trèves-Cunault 1669:in Snowdonia, 1647:Pen yr Ole Wen 1635: 1632: 1608:Sébile du Lac 1538:Anne Berthelot 1522:2 Temple Place 1509: 1506: 1460: 1452:chivalric code 1344: 1339: 1286: 1283: 1121:Lancelot Speed 1118: 1111: 1110: 1109: 1089: 1082: 1081: 1080: 1079: 1078: 1070: 1067: 1057:immunity from 1008:Lancelot-Grail 922: 919: 917: 914: 812:Mary Magdalene 761:mythical Greek 692:Romano-British 688:Gwragedd Annwn 679:and the river 631:(also spelled 561:William Caxton 486: 450:Henry Lovelich 314: 311: 275:, eliminating 263:, the body of 207: 206: 193: 189: 188: 174: 170: 169: 163: 156: 155: 150: 146: 145: 142: 138: 137: 132: 128: 127: 124: 120: 119: 113: 109: 108: 104: 103: 86: 82: 81: 76: 72: 71: 59:Lancelot Speed 56: 48: 47: 38: 37: 27: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8490: 8479: 8476: 8474: 8471: 8469: 8466: 8464: 8461: 8459: 8456: 8454: 8451: 8449: 8446: 8444: 8441: 8439: 8436: 8434: 8431: 8429: 8426: 8424: 8423:British poems 8421: 8419: 8416: 8415: 8413: 8398: 8390: 8388: 8380: 8375: 8374: 8371: 8357: 8354: 8352: 8349: 8347: 8344: 8342: 8339: 8337: 8334: 8332: 8329: 8327: 8324: 8320: 8319:Companions of 8317: 8315: 8312: 8311: 8310: 8307: 8306: 8304: 8300: 8294: 8290: 8287: 8285: 8282: 8280: 8277: 8275: 8272: 8270: 8267: 8263: 8262:King Goldemar 8260: 8258: 8255: 8254: 8253: 8250: 8248: 8245: 8243: 8240: 8239: 8237: 8233: 8227: 8224: 8222: 8219: 8217: 8214: 8212: 8209: 8207: 8204: 8202: 8199: 8197: 8194: 8192: 8189: 8185: 8182: 8181: 8180: 8177: 8173: 8170: 8169: 8168: 8165: 8163: 8160: 8158: 8155: 8153: 8150: 8148: 8145: 8143: 8140: 8138: 8135: 8133: 8130: 8128: 8125: 8123: 8120: 8118: 8115: 8113: 8110: 8108: 8105: 8103: 8100: 8098: 8095: 8094: 8092: 8088: 8082: 8079: 8077: 8074: 8072: 8071:Pictish Beast 8069: 8067: 8066:Morgan Le Fay 8064: 8062: 8059: 8057: 8054: 8052: 8049: 8047: 8044: 8042: 8039: 8037: 8034: 8032: 8029: 8027: 8024: 8022: 8019: 8017: 8014: 8012: 8009: 8007: 8004: 8002: 7999: 7998: 7996: 7992: 7986: 7983: 7981: 7978: 7976: 7973: 7971: 7968: 7966: 7963: 7961: 7958: 7956: 7953: 7951: 7948: 7946: 7943: 7941: 7938: 7936: 7933: 7931: 7928: 7926: 7923: 7921: 7918: 7916: 7913: 7911: 7908: 7906: 7903: 7901: 7898: 7896: 7893: 7891: 7888: 7886: 7883: 7882: 7880: 7876: 7873: 7869: 7863: 7860: 7858: 7855: 7853: 7850: 7848: 7845: 7843: 7840: 7838: 7835: 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7016: 7015:Iannic-ann-ôd 7013: 7011: 7008: 7006: 7003: 7001: 6998: 6996: 6993: 6991: 6988: 6986: 6983: 6981: 6978: 6976: 6973: 6971: 6968: 6966: 6963: 6961: 6958: 6956: 6953: 6951: 6948: 6946: 6943: 6941: 6938: 6936: 6933: 6931: 6928: 6926: 6923: 6921: 6918: 6916: 6913: 6911: 6908: 6906: 6903: 6901: 6898: 6896: 6893: 6891: 6888: 6886: 6883: 6881: 6878: 6877: 6875: 6871: 6863: 6860: 6858: 6855: 6853: 6850: 6848: 6845: 6843: 6840: 6838: 6835: 6833: 6830: 6829: 6828: 6825: 6823: 6820: 6818: 6815: 6813: 6810: 6808: 6805: 6803: 6800: 6798: 6795: 6793: 6790: 6788: 6785: 6783: 6780: 6778: 6775: 6773: 6770: 6768: 6765: 6763: 6760: 6758: 6755: 6753: 6750: 6748: 6745: 6743: 6740: 6738: 6735: 6733: 6730: 6728: 6725: 6723: 6720: 6718: 6715: 6713: 6710: 6708: 6705: 6703: 6700: 6698: 6695: 6693: 6690: 6688: 6685: 6683: 6680: 6678: 6675: 6673: 6670: 6668: 6665: 6663: 6660: 6658: 6655: 6653: 6650: 6648: 6645: 6643: 6640: 6638: 6635: 6633: 6630: 6628: 6625: 6623: 6620: 6618: 6615: 6614: 6612: 6608: 6601: 6597: 6591: 6588: 6586: 6583: 6581: 6578: 6576: 6573: 6572: 6570: 6566: 6560: 6557: 6555: 6552: 6550: 6549:Nature spirit 6547: 6545: 6542: 6540: 6537: 6535: 6532: 6530: 6527: 6523: 6520: 6519: 6518: 6515: 6513: 6510: 6508: 6505: 6503: 6500: 6498: 6495: 6493: 6490: 6488: 6485: 6483: 6480: 6479: 6477: 6473: 6469: 6464: 6459: 6452: 6447: 6445: 6440: 6438: 6433: 6432: 6429: 6417: 6407: 6405: 6395: 6393: 6383: 6382: 6379: 6373: 6370: 6368: 6365: 6363: 6360: 6358: 6355: 6353: 6350: 6348: 6345: 6343: 6340: 6338: 6335: 6333: 6330: 6329: 6327: 6323: 6315: 6312: 6311: 6310: 6309:List of works 6307: 6305: 6302: 6301: 6299: 6295: 6287: 6284: 6283: 6282: 6279: 6277: 6274: 6272: 6269: 6267: 6264: 6262: 6259: 6257: 6254: 6252: 6249: 6247: 6244: 6242: 6239: 6237: 6234: 6232: 6229: 6227: 6224: 6220: 6217: 6216: 6215: 6212: 6208: 6205: 6204: 6203: 6200: 6198: 6195: 6194: 6192: 6190: 6186: 6180: 6177: 6175: 6172: 6170: 6167: 6165: 6162: 6160: 6157: 6155: 6152: 6151: 6149: 6145: 6139: 6136: 6134: 6131: 6129: 6126: 6124: 6121: 6119: 6116: 6115: 6113: 6109: 6103: 6100: 6098: 6095: 6093: 6092:Tegau Eurfron 6090: 6088: 6085: 6083: 6080: 6078: 6075: 6073: 6072:Red Knight(s) 6070: 6068: 6065: 6063: 6060: 6058: 6055: 6053: 6050: 6048: 6045: 6043: 6040: 6038: 6035: 6033: 6030: 6028: 6025: 6023: 6020: 6018: 6015: 6013: 6010: 6008: 6005: 6003: 6000: 5998: 5995: 5993: 5990: 5988: 5985: 5983: 5980: 5978: 5975: 5973: 5970: 5968: 5965: 5963: 5960: 5958: 5955: 5953: 5950: 5948: 5945: 5943: 5940: 5938: 5935: 5933: 5930: 5928: 5925: 5923: 5920: 5918: 5915: 5913: 5910: 5908: 5905: 5903: 5900: 5898: 5895: 5893: 5890: 5888: 5885: 5883: 5880: 5878: 5877:Lady Bertilak 5875: 5873: 5870: 5868: 5865: 5863: 5860: 5858: 5855: 5853: 5850: 5848: 5845: 5843: 5840: 5839: 5837: 5835: 5831: 5825: 5822: 5820: 5817: 5815: 5812: 5810: 5807: 5805: 5802: 5800: 5797: 5795: 5792: 5790: 5787: 5785: 5782: 5780: 5777: 5775: 5772: 5770: 5767: 5765: 5762: 5760: 5757: 5755: 5752: 5750: 5747: 5745: 5742: 5740: 5737: 5735: 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Club 5375: 5369: 5361: 5360: 5355: 5348: 5340: 5336: 5330: 5322: 5318: 5312: 5304: 5302:9781496825308 5298: 5294: 5293: 5285: 5277: 5275:9781000522105 5271: 5267: 5266: 5258: 5250: 5246: 5240: 5232: 5228: 5222: 5214: 5212:9780859914178 5208: 5204: 5203: 5195: 5187: 5185:9781843843863 5181: 5177: 5176: 5168: 5160: 5158:9781789140248 5154: 5150: 5149: 5141: 5133: 5131:9780691191423 5127: 5123: 5122: 5114: 5106: 5104:9780810876590 5100: 5096: 5095: 5087: 5079: 5077:9781476608440 5073: 5070:. McFarland. 5069: 5068: 5060: 5052: 5050:9780786422562 5046: 5042: 5041: 5033: 5025: 5019: 5016:. McFarland. 5015: 5014: 5006: 4998: 4992: 4988: 4987: 4979: 4971: 4967: 4960: 4952: 4946: 4938: 4936:9781527551534 4932: 4928: 4927: 4919: 4917: 4908: 4906:9781349249916 4902: 4898: 4897: 4889: 4881: 4875: 4867: 4865:9780810883956 4861: 4857: 4856: 4848: 4840: 4838:9780275974817 4834: 4830: 4829: 4821: 4805: 4801: 4797: 4791: 4783: 4781:9780313346828 4777: 4773: 4772: 4764: 4756: 4750: 4746: 4745: 4737: 4729: 4727:9781445699219 4723: 4719: 4718: 4710: 4702: 4700:9781136606335 4696: 4693:. Routledge. 4692: 4691: 4683: 4675: 4673:9781349244539 4669: 4665: 4664: 4656: 4648: 4646:9780879725624 4642: 4638: 4637: 4629: 4627: 4618: 4616:9781134614288 4612: 4609:. Routledge. 4608: 4607: 4599: 4591: 4585: 4581: 4580: 4572: 4564: 4562:9781135583408 4558: 4555:. Routledge. 4554: 4553: 4545: 4536: 4528: 4526:9780859913935 4522: 4518: 4517: 4509: 4501: 4499:9781135583408 4495: 4492:. 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2354:Michelle Ryan 2351: 2350: 2345: 2342: 2338: 2334: 2333: 2328: 2325: 2321: 2320: 2315: 2314: 2310:'s 1917 poem 2309: 2305: 2301: 2298:) and Nimue ( 2297: 2293: 2292: 2287: 2284: 2280: 2276: 2275: 2270: 2267: 2266: 2261: 2260:Bishop Sansum 2257: 2253: 2249: 2245: 2244:Derfel Cadarn 2241: 2240: 2235: 2231: 2228: 2224: 2220: 2215: 2211: 2210: 2205: 2202: 2198: 2194: 2190: 2189: 2183: 2182: 2177: 2173: 2169: 2164: 2160: 2156: 2155: 2150: 2147: 2144: 2140: 2136: 2135: 2130: 2126: 2122: 2118: 2117: 2112: 2109: 2106: 2105: 2100: 2099: 2094: 2093: 2088: 2087: 2082: 2078: 2077:Madame Xanadu 2074: 2070: 2067: 2063: 2062: 2057: 2054: 2053: 2048: 2044: 2039: 2038: 2033: 2030: 2026: 2022: 2018: 2014: 2010: 2006: 2005: 2000: 1996: 1993: 1992: 1987: 1986: 1980: 1979: 1974: 1970: 1969: 1968: 1966: 1954: 1949: 1945: 1944: 1939: 1934: 1925: 1924: 1915: 1912: 1904: 1901:December 2022 1894: 1890: 1886: 1880: 1877:This section 1875: 1866: 1865: 1857: 1855: 1851: 1847: 1842: 1840: 1836: 1832: 1828: 1827: 1822: 1818: 1814: 1810: 1808: 1804: 1803: 1797: 1793: 1789: 1788: 1783: 1779: 1775: 1774: 1769: 1756: 1755: 1747: 1736: 1735: 1730: 1726: 1719: 1705: 1703: 1699: 1695: 1691: 1687: 1683: 1678: 1677:in Scotland. 1676: 1672: 1668: 1664: 1660: 1656: 1648: 1644: 1640: 1631: 1629: 1625: 1621: 1617: 1613: 1609: 1605: 1601: 1600: 1594: 1592: 1588: 1584: 1583:Pulzella Gaia 1580: 1575: 1571: 1567: 1566: 1560: 1558: 1554: 1549: 1548: 1543: 1539: 1536:According to 1534: 1531: 1523: 1519: 1514: 1505: 1503: 1499: 1495: 1491: 1483: 1479: 1475: 1471: 1465: 1459: 1457: 1453: 1448: 1446: 1442: 1441: 1435: 1431: 1422: 1418: 1413: 1409: 1407: 1403: 1399: 1390: 1386: 1382: 1378: 1374: 1372: 1368: 1363: 1360: 1356: 1350: 1343: 1338: 1334: 1331: 1327: 1323: 1319: 1318:Dame d'Avalon 1314: 1306: 1302: 1297: 1292: 1282: 1280: 1276: 1272: 1268: 1264: 1260: 1256: 1252: 1248: 1244: 1240: 1236: 1232: 1228: 1224: 1220: 1216: 1212: 1208: 1204: 1199: 1197: 1193: 1189: 1185: 1184:Livre d'Artus 1181: 1177: 1176:Dolorous Gard 1173: 1169: 1165: 1161: 1155: 1153: 1148: 1144: 1143: 1130: 1126: 1122: 1115: 1104: 1100: 1096: 1092: 1086: 1076: 1066: 1064: 1060: 1056: 1052: 1048: 1043: 1041: 1037: 1033: 1029: 1025: 1021: 1017: 1013: 1009: 1004: 1002: 1001: 995: 991: 990: 985: 981: 980:foster mother 977: 973: 969: 965: 957: 953: 952: 946: 942: 938: 933: 928: 913: 911: 907: 903: 899: 895: 891: 887: 883: 879: 875: 871: 867: 863: 859: 858: 853: 849: 848: 843: 839: 837: 833: 829: 825: 821: 820:Aquae Sextiae 817: 813: 809: 805: 801: 797: 793: 789: 785: 784: 778: 774: 770: 766: 762: 757: 755: 751: 747: 743: 739: 735: 734: 729: 725: 721: 717: 713: 709: 705: 701: 697: 693: 689: 684: 682: 678: 674: 670: 666: 662: 658: 654: 650: 646: 645:Myrddin Wyllt 642: 638: 634: 630: 626: 617: 613: 612:Witches' Tree 608: 604: 602: 598: 594: 590: 586: 582: 578: 574: 570: 566: 562: 558: 554: 550: 546: 542: 541: 536: 535:Thomas Malory 532: 528: 524: 517: 515: 510: 508: 503: 499: 495: 491: 485: 483: 479: 475: 471: 467: 463: 459: 455: 451: 447: 446: 441: 437: 433: 429: 425: 421: 417: 414: 410: 406: 402: 398: 394: 391: 387: 386:Livre d'Artus 383: 379: 375: 372: 368: 365: 361: 358: 354: 350: 346: 342: 338: 330: 329: 324: 319: 310: 308: 304: 300: 299: 294: 290: 286: 282: 278: 274: 270: 266: 262: 258: 254: 253:Dama del Lago 250: 246: 245:Itron al Lenn 242: 238: 234: 230: 226: 222: 218: 214: 205: 201: 197: 194: 190: 187:(all adopted) 186: 182: 178: 175: 171: 167: 164: 157: 154: 151: 147: 143: 139: 136: 133: 129: 125: 121: 117: 114: 110: 105: 102: 101: 96: 95: 90: 87: 83: 80: 79:Vulgate Cycle 77: 73: 68: 64: 60: 54: 49: 45: 44: 39: 32: 26: 22: 8293:Weiße Frauen 8289:Witte Wieven 8061:Menninkäinen 7842:Patupaiarehe 7770:Hungry ghost 7755:Orang bunian 7673:Fallen angel 7617:Nordic alien 7353:Wicked fairy 7293:Sleih beggey 7100:Lubber fiend 7090:Leanan sídhe 7079: 7035:Joan the Wad 7000:Hobbididance 6960:Gwyn ap Nudd 6682:Bloody Bones 6652:Baobhan sith 6642:Arkan Sonney 6559:Water spirit 6544:Hungry grass 6512:Fairy riding 6347:Loathly lady 6304:Bibliography 6138:Twrch Trwyth 5991: 5887:Blanchefleur 5498: 5488: 5479: 5470: 5461: 5452: 5441: 5431: 5422: 5412: 5400:. 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