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168:. The first issue appeared on 27 November 1892. Directed by Podrecca, the periodical gave voice to the demands of the socialist movement and also published informative and ideological articles. It was an immediate success and already by the beginning of 1893, when it began to be printed in colour, it was circulating around 22,000 copies, which rose to 60,000 in 1904 and 100,000 in 1907.
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launched a virulent offensive against the clergy in terms of customs, morals and religious sentiment, "portraying the image of the lustful, jealous, greedy, corrupt and corrupting priest . With an incessant hammering of cartoons, caricatures, satires, denunciations, easy and often superficial popular
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in 1892, by Guido
Podrecca (1865–1923) and Gabriele Galantara (1867–1937), a former mathematics student, designer and cartoonist, both with a socialist background. The two took the pseudonyms "Goliardo" (Podrecca) and "Ratalanga" (Galantara), and with these nicknames signed the outputs of the weekly.
313:
there was a momentary rapprochement between the two, when both in the name of sympathy for France sided with the interventionists promoting the entry of Italy in the war devoting many satirical cartoons sneering the enemy's
Germany and Austria-Hungary. However, the magazine lost its bite with its
423:
The publication opposed
Mussolini's Fascist dictatorship and was forced to suspend publication in the spring of 1925 due to a new law restricting press freedom and after a long series of threats, harassment and interventions of fascist gangs in the newsroom. For the cover of the final issue of
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printing house, began with a public act of penitence and a ruthless self-criticism that saved nothing of the choices made over the last twenty years, from 'democratic deceptions' to 'patriotic lies' to 'anticlerical pornography', promising a revitalising return to the rebellious spirit of the
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227:. The success of the magazine led its two founders to embark on a daily publication in January 1895, but the experiment was unsuccessful and from August of the same year it reverted to a weekly publication. In 1897, Podrecca and Galantara were arrested for subversive propaganda and
33:
432:(Him) that would become a role model of foreign designers worldwide. Mussolini appeared with a huge bald head and surmounted by a crown on which is written "trouble to anyone who touches me", a huge mouth and two big eyes wide and crossed by a light of madness.
528:. The upper part of the cartoon reads: "Lenin: I have finally won! The Italian Socialist Party split..."; the lower part: "Giolitti: The greatest success of my policy! The Italian Socialist Party split...".
511:
This cover of 14 May 1911, describes the policy of
Giolitti: on the one hand, dressed in elegant suit, he reassures conservatives; on the other, with less elegant clothes, he is addressing the workers.
247:
journal, as a reaction to the anti-liberal campaign by the
Vatican against a divorce bill introduced in 1902 and the attempts to set up Catholic trade unions in opposition to the socialist ones.
204:, to which Podrecca and Galantara drew direct inspiration: double colour covers, texts enriched with drawings and engravings, satire articles alternating with rigorous social criticism.
408:
Galantara, on the other hand, had returned to his initial socialist principles and resumed the magazine in
December 1921. The new series of the weekly, which was printed in Milan at the
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Publication was interrupted from 1918 to 1921, due to technical and economic difficulties, such as lack of paper. Podrecca broke all ties with his socialist past, moving closer to
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prison and sentenced to five years of confinement. In early 1927, the sentence was commuted to probation, but he remained barred from any journalistic activity.
306:
floundered, giving space to both positions, but the cartoons of
Galantara against the war were more effective than the articles of Podrecca in favour of it.
487:
Cover of 10 April 1904. The
Socialist congress in Bologna. A pious wish of the local suckers: to devalue the country while its defenders beat themselves up.
259:. The magazine circulated widely among Italian immigrants in the United States. Due to its anticlerical and alleged pornographic content, the papal
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879:
397:, Podrecca was among the candidates on the list presented by the Fascists in Milan, which was headed by Mussolini and included, among others,
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in
Washington D.C. succeeded to get it banned from entry in 1908. However, the ban was circumvented by printing an American edition in
929:
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In 1892, Podrecca and
Galantara accepted a proposal of the Socialist publisher Luigi Mongini and founded a political satire weekly,
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302:, who was in favour of the war, while Galantara resolutely opposed in the name of anti-militarist and internationalist principles.
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Cartoon with Giolitti (right) and Banca Romana governor Bernardo Tanlongo (left). "Savings and loans: the coup succeeded" (
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385:. During the war he had shifted to more extreme nationalist positions that led him to interrupt his collaboration with
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Galantara contributed to the interventionist cause and war propaganda with his famous caricatures of 'Guglielmone' (
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articles, Galantara and Podrecca succeeded in widely spreading this image in vast sectors of the popular masses".
642:
325:) and by preaching hostility to 'Teutonic barbarism'. His cartoons were republished in other newspapers in the
176:
863:
Political Satire and Hegemony: A Case of 'Passive Revolution' During Mussolini's Ascendance to Power 1919–1925
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Cover of 17 March 1907. This is why priests shout against the secular school: the alphabet kills clericalism.
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to which Galatanra contributed his cartoons) and especially from Germany, with the socialist fortnightly
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Not only because of its interventionist choice, but also because of the stance it took towards the
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that said that "the donkey is like the people: useful, patient and stubborn" (Italian:
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countries and were exhibited as "Italian Artists and the War" in July 1916 at the
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439:, Galantara continued to create cartoons for the antifascist satirical newspaper
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127:(English: "The Donkey") was an Italian magazine of political satire founded in
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The War for the Public Mind: Political Censorship in Nineteenth-century Europe
174:
was inspired by the great tradition of European political satire from France (
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caused a serious rift between Podrecca, who had been elected deputy for the
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Caricatures of Guido Podrecca (Goliardo) and Gabriele Galantara (Rata Langa)
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and, after the end of the conflict, to be among the first adherents of
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deviated from the sentiments of many socialists and lost readership.
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Tholas-Disset, Clémentine & Ritzenhoff, Karen A. (eds.) (2015).
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278:(The Mule) was launched in 1907 by Cesare Algranati (editor of
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445:, but on 24 December 1926 he was arrested and taken to Rome's
274:, the Catholic and anti-socialist-inspired satirical magazine
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22:
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Humor, Entertainment, and Popular Culture During World War I
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Humor, Entertainment, and Popular Culture During World War I
140:), which became the subtitle and the motto of the editors.
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106:
785:
Danky, James Philip & Wiegand Wayne A. (eds.) (1998).
705:, Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani - Volume 84 (2015)
627:, Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani - Volume 51 (1998)
727:, by Alberto Pellegrino, Centro Studi Gabriele Galantara
219:
The magazine immediately focused its attention on the
428:, Galantara made a caricature of Mussolini, entitled
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Gabriele Galantara and Guido Podrecca (right) in 1891
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come il popolo è l'asino: utile, paziente e bastonato
537:
866:. Humor (Berlin, Germany) 21, no. 1 (2008): 69–98.
896:
880:L'Asino e il popolo: utile, paziente e bastonato
791:, Champaign (IL): University of Illinois Press.
239:After 1901, the magazine began to criticize the
231:had to suspend publication for a short period.
915:Defunct political magazines published in Italy
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645:, by Emanuela Morganti, Circo, November 2011
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526:XVII Congress of the Italian Socialist Party
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822:Help My Unbelief: James Joyce and Religion
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255:As a result, the magazine was banned from
132:The magazine's title was from a saying of
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755:10 settembre 1907. Il giornale "Il Mulo"
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802:Goldstein, Robert Justin (ed.) (2000).
757:, Bologna Online (Biblioteca Salaborsa)
725:Gabriele Galantara e la satira politica
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940:Satirical magazines published in Italy
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808:, Westport (CT): Praeger Publishers.
46:Guido Podrecca and Gabriele Galantara
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945:Weekly magazines published in Italy
524:Cover of 30 January 1921 about the
367:on the cover of the final issue of
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920:Defunct Italian-language magazines
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788:Print Culture in a Diverse America
739:Print Culture in a Diverse America
348:were portrayed as German agents),
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891:, Centro Studi Gabriele Galantara
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591:, Centro Studi Gabriele Galantara
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379:and becoming a correspondent for
930:Magazines disestablished in 1925
842:, New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
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910:1925 disestablishments in Italy
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321:of Germany) and 'Cecco Beppe' (
72:100,000 at its peak around 1912
825:, London/New York: Continuum.
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925:Magazines established in 1892
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395:1919 Italian general election
905:1892 establishments in Italy
221:collapse of the Banca Romana
134:Francesco Domenico Guerrazzi
7:
935:Magazines published in Rome
680:The War for the Public Mind
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223:in 1893 and Prime Minister
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570:List of magazines in Italy
37:Cover edition May 21, 1905
16:Italian satirical magazine
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399:Filippo Tommaso Marinetti
323:Franz Joseph I of Austria
286:Rift between the founders
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589:Archivio immagini (1905)
466:when he resided in Rome.
819:Lernout, Geert (2010).
309:At the outbreak of the
298:in 1909, and supported
296:Italian Socialist Party
270:As a counterbalance to
243:and became the leading
462:was an avid reader of
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736:Danky & Wiegand,
703:Podrecca, Luigi Guido
435:After the closure of
371:in the spring of 1925
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356:Cessation and revival
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314:nationalist stance.
195:L'Assiette au Beurre
625:Galantara, Gabriele
458:The Irish novelist
331:Leicester Galleries
280:L'Avvenire d'Italia
27:
393:. In the November
382:Il Popolo d'Italia
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338:Russian Revolution
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192:and in particular
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54:Satirical magazine
19:
889:Archivio immagini
860:Mascha, Efharis.
848:978-1-137-44909-2
831:978-1-4411-9474-9
562:Journalism portal
319:Kaiser Wilhelm II
300:Leonida Bissolati
225:Giovanni Giolitti
215:, June 11, 1893).
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548:Italy portal
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683:pp. 113-14.
677:Goldstein,
460:James Joyce
333:in London.
311:World War I
144:Early years
85:Final issue
77:First issue
68:Circulation
899:Categories
576:References
346:Bolsheviks
51:Categories
742:pp. 24-5.
657:Lernout,
415:origins.
59:Frequency
534:See also
344:and the
113:Language
103:Based in
472:L'Asino
464:L'Asino
437:L'Asino
426:L'Asino
411:Avanti!
391:Fascism
387:L'Asino
369:L'Asino
350:L'Asino
327:Entente
304:L'Asino
276:Il Mulo
272:L'Asino
249:L'Asino
229:L'Asino
213:L'Asino
189:Le Rire
172:L'Asino
166:L'Asino
124:L'Asino
116:Italian
93:Country
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663:p. 80.
474:covers
453:Trivia
419:Demise
261:nuncio
62:Weekly
43:Editor
772:p. 49
342:Lenin
97:Italy
844:ISBN
827:ISBN
810:ISBN
793:ISBN
401:and
129:Rome
107:Rome
88:1925
430:Lui
405:.
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340:(
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