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whip with all his strength upon the heads of the Jews who went through. Once, when I was still working in the platform commando, the group was accused of carelessness when we had left a window open on one of the train cars. Each one of us was punished with 100 lashes. Bolender was very active in this task. More than once I saw him throwing babies, children, and the sick straight from the freight cars into the trolley with the load that went to the
217:. After the war, Bolender was recognized in 1961 while working under a false identity as a doorman at a nightclub in West Germany, and subsequently accused in 1965 of personally murdering at least 360 Jewish inmates and assisting in the murder of 86,000 more at Sobibór. He died by suicide in prison two months prior to the end of the trial.
400:
In
December 1942, Bolender's duties at Sobibór were temporarily put on hold when he was sent to prison for intimidating a witness involved in his divorce. After serving the sentence, Bolender returned to Operation Reinhard, where he assisted in the dismantlement and liquidation of Sobibor. Afterwards
344:
Bolender was in charge of Camp III. In
Sobibor there was a working Jew whom Bolender ordered to box with another working Jew, and for his pleasure they hit each other almost until death. Bolender had a big dog, and when he was in charge of the platform workers, he set the dog at the Jews who did not
391:
Kurt
Bolender, with his athletic body and long hair, who used to go walking half naked, clad only in training breeches, carrying a long whip with which he brutally lashed the camp prisoners whom he came upon on his way. On his way to lunch he was in the habit of passing the main gate and swinging a
378:
Paul Groth and Kurt
Bolender would take Barry (the dog) with them. The dog would walk quietly by their side, but when his master turned to one of the people and asked, "So you don't want to work?" Barry would launch himself at the person, biting the flesh, tearing at it and pulling off chunks of
291:
from April to August 1942, where he was one of the most feared SS officers. He was the commander of
Sobibor's extermination area and he personally supervised gassings and cremations. He was entrusted with this job due to his prior working relationship with Sobibor commandant
353:
I was blamed for being responsible for the death of the Jewish girls Ruth and Gisela, who lived in the so-called forester house. As it is known, these two girls lived in the forester house, and they were visited frequently by the SS men.
309:
About thirty to forty women were gassed in one gas chamber. The Jewish women were forced to undress in an open place close to the gas chamber, and were driven into the gas chamber by SS members and the
425:
After World War II, Bolender assumed a fake identity, did not contact his family or his relatives, and after some time, had himself declared deceased. He was recognized in May 1961 working as a
396:. He was the one who chose the ten men to deliver the food to the workers in Camp III. When he had a yen to accompany the group, not one of them would return to us when the task was done.
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330:("worker Jews") to different groups: some had to empty out the gas chamber after the cremation was completed; others had to transport the dead bodies to the graves.
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314:. When the women were shut up in the gas chamber I and Bolender set the motor in motion. About ten minutes later the thirty to forty women were dead.
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in Hagen, West
Germany. At the trial Bolender initially claimed that he had never been in Sobibór, but instead fought against partisans around
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killing centers where physically and mentally disabled
Germans were exterminated by gassing and lethal injection. Bolender was involved in the
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In fall 1942, Bolender became the commander of the
Ukrainian camp guards at Sobibór. Moshe Bahir, a Sobibór survivor, wrote about Bolender:
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452:. At his residence police found a whip with the silver initials "KB", the inscription that was created at the camp by Sobibór survivor
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370:. I lived in the room above them and due to these celebrations could not fall asleep after coming back from a journey....
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Also, according to Bauer, Bolender participated in gang rapes of female prisoners prior to killing them:
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708:. Translated by Karpiński, Tomasz; Sarzyńska-Wójtowicz, Natalia. Stichting Sobibor. pp. 373–376.
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467:, Poland. However, he broke down under cross-examination and confessed to being present at Sobibór.
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and stayed in school until the age of 16 when he became a blacksmith apprentice. He joined the
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at a nightclub in
Germany and was immediately arrested. He was arrested under an assumed name
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602:. '. Fischer Taschenbuch Verlag, Zweite aktualisierte Auflage, Frankfurt am Main 2003
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process of disposing of victims, as well as "test" gassing procedures during the
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were conducted there. They were attended by
Bolender, Gomerski, Karl Ludwig,
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Part of Bolender's duties included supervision of the Jewish work details in
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in his prison cell. In his suicide note, he insisted that he was innocent.
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74:
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In 1965, Ada Lichtman, a Sobibór survivor, described Bolender and his dog:
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1999:
1989:
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951:
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340:, who also served with Bolender at Sobibór, testified about him in 1966:
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1934:
572:
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169:
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Das Personenlexikon zum Dritten Reich. Wer war was vor und nach 1945?'
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Eda Lichtman - Sobibór – Camp of Death and Revolt, Tel Aviv 1979
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In 1965, Bolender, along with 11 former SS guards from Sobibór,
178:
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1449:
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355:
656:
Belzec, Sobibor, Treblinka: The Operation Reinhard Death Camps
470:
Prior to the completion of the trial, Kurt Bolender died from
410:
70:
1890:
Perpetrators, participants, organizations, and collaborators
550:. 11. Auflage. Fischer-Taschenbuch, Frankfurt am Main 2004,
592:
Belzec, Sobibor, Treblinka – The Operation Reinhard Camps
524:
Belzec, Sobibor, Treblinka – The Operation Reinhard Camps
502:
The Holocaust: Lest we forget: Extermination camp Sobibor
433:. It is probable that after the war he also went by the
305:, who served with Bolender, testified about him in 1966:
275:. In 1941-42 he was attached to an ambulance unit on the
206:
3447:
International Youth Meeting Center in Oświęcim/Auschwitz
751:
Publication of the Museum of the Combatant and Partisans
3308:
1318:
594:, p. 33. Indiana University Press, Bloomington, 1987,
526:, p. 193. Indiana University Press, Bloomington, 1987,
658:, Bloomington: Indiana University Press, pp. 116-117.
753:. Tel Aviv 1973, p. 39. Quoted in Arad, aa, p. 193.
636:
634:
172:2nd Class, War Merit Cross 2nd Class With Swords.
3501:
2809:Resistance, victims, documentation and technical
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420:
413:. On 18 January 1945, Bolender was awarded the
803:
239:("Death's Head Unit"). He was attached to the
3294:
2794:
1875:
1435:
1304:
789:
619:Trial testimony of SS Scharfuhrer Erich Fuchs
484:List of people who died by suicide by hanging
282:
3480:Rescue of Jews by Poles during the Holocaust
1131:List of Sobibor extermination camp personnel
279:in Russia along with the other T-4 workers.
3550:Nazis who died by suicide in prison custody
1450:Camps, ghettos, execution sites and attacks
197:. In 1942, he operated the gas chambers at
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641:Sobibor Interviews: Biographies of SS-men
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3405:Extraordinary (Soviet) State Commission
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189:(21 May 1912 – 10 October 1966) was an
3555:Prisoners who died in German detention
3502:
3388:Polish, East German, and Soviet trials
2748:Lithuanian Auxiliary Police Battalions
515:
513:
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509:
233:in 1930. In 1939, he joined the
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2782:
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777:
267:. During this period he worked with
3580:Nazis who died by suicide in Germany
3560:Sobibor extermination camp personnel
702:Sobibor Extermination Camp 1942–1943
561:
3545:Sonderabteilung Einsatz R personnel
3309:Aftermath, trials and commemoration
1320:Holocaust in German-occupied Poland
1235:1 September 1942 to 17 October 1943
698:
506:
13:
3470:Polish Righteous Among the Nations
440:while working as a bouncer at the
401:he served at the SS labor camp at
14:
3601:
3152:Special Prosecution Book – Poland
1167:Sobibor, October 14, 1943, 4 p.m.
243:euthanasia program and worked at
3525:Holocaust perpetrators in Poland
3329:Population transfers (1944–1946)
2378:Ferdinand von Sammern-Frankenegg
114:
95:
3432:Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum
3344:Anti-Jewish violence, 1944–1946
756:
744:
722:
692:
673:
3585:Suicides by hanging in Germany
3575:People from the Rhine Province
2760:Schutzmannschaft Battalion 118
2736:36th Estonian Police Battalion
661:
645:
612:
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537:
1:
3427:Monument to the Ghetto Heroes
3257:Human medical experimentation
489:
225:Bolender was born in 1912 in
3570:SS non-commissioned officers
421:Arrest and trial and suicide
220:
16:German Holocaust perpetrator
7:
3462:Righteous Among the Nations
3349:Ministry of Public Security
2728:Belarusian Auxiliary Police
1338:Related articles by country
477:
182:Kurt Bolender in SS uniform
10:
3606:
3374:Frankfurt Auschwitz trials
2756:Ukrainian Auxiliary Police
1232:28 April to 30 August 1942
805:Sobibor extermination camp
741:; retrieved 9 April 2009.
732:Biography of Kurt Bolender
289:Sobibor extermination camp
283:Sobibór extermination camp
199:Sobibór extermination camp
3460:
3417:
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3366:
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3314:
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3147:Sobibor perpetrator album
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2732:Estonian Auxiliary Police
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1842:Human medical experiments
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1195:
1187:Sobibor perpetrator album
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1110:
1038:
1015:
929:
906:
875:
852:
811:
768:; retrieved 9 April 2009.
689:; retrieved 9 April 2009.
670:; retrieved 9 April 2009.
628:. Retrieved on 2009-04-09
165:
157:Operated gas chambers at
153:
143:
133:
125:
108:
90:
80:
60:
37:
28:
21:
3590:Suicides in West Germany
3395:Auschwitz trial (Poland)
2740:Latvian Auxiliary Police
2473:Karl Eberhard Schöngarth
1975:Friedrich-Wilhelm Krüger
3485:Garden of the Righteous
3237:Identification in camps
3230:Technical and logistics
2676:Order Police battalions
967:Josef "Sepp" Hirtreiter
201:, perpetrating acts of
2898:Warsaw Ghetto Uprising
2363:Heinrich Klaustermeyer
548:Euthanasie im NS-Staat
398:
381:
372:
347:
332:
316:
183:
3437:Majdanek State Museum
2570:Karl-Friedrich Höcker
1474:Auschwitz II-Birkenau
387:It is hard to forget
385:
376:
351:
342:
324:
322:. In his own words:
312:Ukrainian auxiliaries
307:
181:
126:Years of service
3530:People from Duisburg
2914:Mordechai Anielewicz
2625:Elisabeth Volkenrath
2510:Jenny-Wanda Barkmann
2146:Arthur Liebehenschel
2071:Hermine Braunsteiner
2015:Arthur Seyss-Inquart
1070:Selma Engel-Wijnberg
957:Siegfried Graetschus
405:and subsequently to
345:work quickly enough.
236:SS-Totenkopfverbände
193:sergeant during the
148:SS-Totenkopfverbände
3540:Aktion T4 personnel
3452:March of the Living
3324:Holocaust survivors
3188:Vrba–Wetzler report
2964:Alexander Pechersky
2924:Mordechai Tenenbaum
2373:Alexander Palfinger
2196:Johann Schwarzhuber
1756:Międzyrzec Podlaski
1735:Lviv pogroms (1941)
1636:Sonderaktion Krakau
1174:Escape from Sobibor
1095:Stanisław Szmajzner
1085:Alexander Pechersky
699:Bem, Marek (2015).
454:Stanisław Szmajzner
287:Bolender served at
187:Heinz Kurt Bolender
81:Cause of death
23:Heinz Kurt Bolender
3367:West German trials
3162:Wannsee Conference
2949:Itzhak Katzenelson
2701:General Government
2186:Franz Reichleitner
2116:Fritz Hartjenstein
2106:Maximilian Grabner
2025:Bruno Streckenbach
1837:Grossaktion Warsaw
1490:Operation Reinhard
1251:Auschwitz-Birkenau
1218:Extermination camp
1208:Operation Reinhard
1118:General Government
1111:Nazi organizations
866:Franz Reichleitner
737:2009-05-05 at the
685:2019-05-14 at the
624:2015-02-09 at the
472:suicide by hanging
438:Wilhelm Kurt Vahle
335:SS-Oberscharführer
215:Operation Reinhard
184:
85:Suicide by hanging
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3412:
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3217:Sonderaktion 1005
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2752:Ypatingasis būrys
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2653:
2595:Johanna Langefeld
2590:Hildegard Lächert
2486:
2485:
2322:Alfred Trzebinski
2287:Franz von Bodmann
2239:Lorenz Hackenholt
2081:Theodor van Eupen
2020:Jakob Sporrenberg
1855:
1854:
1579:
1578:
1286:
1285:
1125:Totenkopfverbände
962:Lorenz Hackenholt
766:magazine obituary
715:978-83-937927-2-6
176:
175:
3597:
3379:Treblinka trials
3364:
3363:
3303:
3296:
3289:
3280:
3279:
3178:Graebe affidavit
3171:Witness accounts
3117:Frank memorandum
3102:
3101:
2997:
2996:
2984:Szmul Zygielbojm
2974:Frumka Płotnicka
2934:Leon Feldhendler
2919:Icchak Cukierman
2873:Ghetto uprisings
2803:
2796:
2789:
2780:
2779:
2724:Schutzmannschaft
2545:Feodor Fedorenko
2495:
2494:
2403:Wolfgang Birkner
2191:Heinrich Schwarz
2181:Josef Oberhauser
2156:Heinrich Matthes
2040:Dieter Wisliceny
2030:Richard Thomalla
2005:Heinz Reinefarth
1955:Heinrich Himmler
1900:
1899:
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1825:Other atrocities
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1075:Leon Feldhendler
1060:Philip Bialowitz
1055:Sobibor uprising
829:Richard Thomalla
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3252:Holocaust train
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3193:Witold's Report
3183:Gerstein Report
3166:
3132:Katzmann Report
3112:Auschwitz Album
3087:
3026:
2988:
2954:Michał Klepfisz
2902:
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2807:
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2710:
2680:Ordnungspolizei
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2629:
2610:Erich Muhsfeldt
2540:Margot Dreschel
2525:Alexander Bülow
2482:
2478:Udo von Woyrsch
2468:Hermann Schaper
2463:Emanuel Schäfer
2448:Josef Meisinger
2408:Helmut Bischoff
2387:
2343:Heinz Auerswald
2331:
2273:
2221:
2215:
2211:Christian Wirth
2121:Gottlieb Hering
2044:
2010:Julian Scherner
1995:Georg Michalsen
1980:Franz Kutschera
1940:Odilo Globocnik
1891:
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1621:Kielce cemetery
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992:Ernst Stengelin
937:Rudolf Beckmann
925:
908:
902:
871:
848:
844:Christian Wirth
819:Odilo Globocnik
812:Camp organizers
807:
802:
772:
761:
757:
749:
745:
739:Wayback Machine
728:
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705:
697:
693:
687:Wayback Machine
680:Nizkor Web Site
678:
674:
666:
662:
650:
646:
639:
632:
626:Wayback Machine
617:
613:
586:
582:
571:
562:
542:
538:
518:
507:
500:
496:
492:
480:
423:
389:Oberscharführer
326:I assigned the
285:
273:Christian Wirth
223:
138:Oberscharführer
96:
94:
69:
65:
64:10 October 1966
49:
43:
41:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3603:
3593:
3592:
3587:
3582:
3577:
3572:
3567:
3562:
3557:
3552:
3547:
3542:
3537:
3535:German rapists
3532:
3527:
3522:
3517:
3512:
3495:
3494:
3491:
3490:
3488:
3487:
3482:
3477:
3466:
3464:
3458:
3457:
3455:
3454:
3449:
3444:
3442:Sobibór Museum
3439:
3434:
3429:
3423:
3421:
3415:
3414:
3411:
3410:
3408:
3407:
3402:
3397:
3391:
3389:
3385:
3384:
3382:
3381:
3376:
3370:
3368:
3361:
3355:
3354:
3352:
3351:
3346:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3320:
3318:
3312:
3311:
3306:
3305:
3298:
3291:
3283:
3276:
3275:
3272:
3271:
3268:
3267:
3265:
3264:
3259:
3254:
3249:
3244:
3239:
3233:
3231:
3227:
3226:
3223:
3222:
3220:
3219:
3213:
3211:
3207:
3206:
3204:
3203:
3199:Sonderkommando
3195:
3190:
3185:
3180:
3174:
3172:
3168:
3167:
3165:
3164:
3159:
3154:
3149:
3144:
3142:Posen speeches
3139:
3137:Korherr Report
3134:
3129:
3127:Höfle telegram
3124:
3119:
3114:
3108:
3106:
3099:
3093:
3092:
3089:
3088:
3086:
3085:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3060:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3034:
3032:
3028:
3027:
3025:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3003:
3001:
2994:
2990:
2989:
2987:
2986:
2981:
2976:
2971:
2969:Witold Pilecki
2966:
2961:
2956:
2951:
2946:
2944:Henryk Iwański
2941:
2939:Paweł Frenkiel
2936:
2931:
2926:
2921:
2916:
2910:
2908:
2904:
2903:
2901:
2900:
2895:
2890:
2885:
2880:
2875:
2869:
2867:
2863:
2862:
2860:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2818:
2816:
2812:
2811:
2806:
2805:
2798:
2791:
2783:
2776:
2775:
2772:
2771:
2769:
2768:
2763:
2744:Arajs Kommando
2720:
2718:
2712:
2711:
2709:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2673:
2666:Einsatzgruppen
2662:
2660:
2656:
2655:
2652:
2651:
2649:
2648:
2643:
2637:
2635:
2631:
2630:
2628:
2627:
2622:
2620:Alice Orlowski
2617:
2612:
2607:
2602:
2597:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2577:
2572:
2567:
2562:
2557:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2535:John Demjanjuk
2532:
2527:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2507:
2501:
2499:
2492:
2488:
2487:
2484:
2483:
2481:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2445:
2440:
2435:
2433:Gerhard Flesch
2430:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2405:
2399:
2397:
2394:Einsatzgruppen
2389:
2388:
2386:
2385:
2380:
2375:
2370:
2365:
2360:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2339:
2337:
2336:Ghetto command
2333:
2332:
2330:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2317:Horst Schumann
2314:
2309:
2304:
2299:
2294:
2289:
2283:
2281:
2275:
2274:
2272:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2231:
2225:
2223:
2217:
2216:
2214:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2176:Johann Niemann
2173:
2168:
2163:
2161:Hermann Michel
2158:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2136:Karl-Otto Koch
2133:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2076:Irmfried Eberl
2073:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2052:
2050:
2046:
2045:
2043:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2027:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1965:Fritz Katzmann
1962:
1957:
1952:
1950:Arthur Greiser
1947:
1945:Richard Glücks
1942:
1937:
1932:
1930:Ludwig Fischer
1927:
1922:
1920:Adolf Eichmann
1917:
1912:
1906:
1904:
1897:
1893:
1892:
1887:
1886:
1879:
1872:
1864:
1857:
1856:
1853:
1852:
1850:
1849:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1828:
1826:
1822:
1821:
1819:
1818:
1813:
1808:
1803:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1783:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1743:
1738:
1728:
1723:
1718:
1713:
1708:
1703:
1698:
1692:
1690:
1684:
1683:
1681:
1680:
1675:
1670:
1665:
1660:
1655:
1648:
1646:
1642:
1641:
1639:
1638:
1633:
1628:
1623:
1618:
1613:
1608:
1603:
1598:
1593:
1587:
1585:
1584:Mass shootings
1581:
1580:
1577:
1576:
1574:
1573:
1571:Danzig-Matzkau
1568:
1563:
1558:
1553:
1548:
1543:
1538:
1536:Kraków-Płaszów
1533:
1528:
1522:
1520:
1514:
1513:
1511:
1510:
1509:
1508:
1503:
1498:
1486:
1481:
1476:
1470:
1468:
1459:
1453:
1452:
1447:
1446:
1439:
1432:
1424:
1413:
1412:
1410:
1409:
1404:
1399:
1394:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1369:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1344:
1339:
1336:
1331:
1327:
1324:
1323:
1316:
1315:
1308:
1301:
1293:
1284:
1283:
1279:
1278:
1273:
1268:
1263:
1258:
1253:
1244:
1243:
1240:
1239:
1236:
1233:
1229:
1228:
1227:
1224:
1223:
1221:
1220:
1215:
1213:Höfle telegram
1210:
1205:
1199:
1197:
1196:Related topics
1193:
1192:
1190:
1189:
1184:
1177:
1170:
1163:
1161:Sobibór Museum
1158:
1152:
1150:
1148:
1147:
1144:
1140:
1137:
1136:
1134:
1133:
1128:
1120:
1114:
1112:
1108:
1107:
1105:
1104:
1102:Jules Schelvis
1099:
1098:
1097:
1092:
1090:Joseph Serchuk
1087:
1082:
1077:
1072:
1067:
1062:
1051:
1049:
1047:
1046:
1043:
1039:
1036:
1035:
1033:
1032:
1031:
1030:
1028:John Demjanjuk
1019:
1017:
1013:
1012:
1010:
1009:
1004:
1002:Heinrich Barbl
999:
994:
989:
984:
979:
977:Erich Lachmann
974:
969:
964:
959:
954:
949:
944:
939:
933:
931:
930:Other officers
927:
926:
924:
923:
918:
912:
910:
904:
903:
901:
900:
895:
893:Johann Niemann
890:
888:Hermann Michel
885:
879:
877:
873:
872:
870:
869:
863:
856:
854:
850:
849:
847:
846:
841:
836:
831:
826:
821:
815:
813:
809:
808:
801:
800:
793:
786:
778:
771:
770:
755:
743:
721:
714:
691:
672:
660:
644:
630:
611:
580:
560:
536:
505:
493:
491:
488:
487:
486:
479:
476:
442:Er- und Siebar
422:
419:
300:SS-Scharführer
284:
281:
222:
219:
174:
173:
167:
163:
162:
155:
151:
150:
145:
141:
140:
135:
131:
130:
127:
123:
122:
112:
106:
105:
92:
88:
87:
82:
78:
77:
68:(aged 54)
62:
58:
57:
39:
35:
34:
26:
25:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3602:
3591:
3588:
3586:
3583:
3581:
3578:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3565:Sobibor trial
3563:
3561:
3558:
3556:
3553:
3551:
3548:
3546:
3543:
3541:
3538:
3536:
3533:
3531:
3528:
3526:
3523:
3521:
3518:
3516:
3515:1966 suicides
3513:
3511:
3508:
3507:
3505:
3486:
3483:
3481:
3478:
3475:
3471:
3468:
3467:
3465:
3463:
3459:
3453:
3450:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3424:
3422:
3420:
3416:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3398:
3396:
3393:
3392:
3390:
3386:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3372:
3371:
3369:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3356:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3339:Kielce pogrom
3337:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3321:
3319:
3317:
3313:
3304:
3299:
3297:
3292:
3290:
3285:
3284:
3281:
3277:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3255:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3235:
3234:
3232:
3228:
3218:
3215:
3214:
3212:
3208:
3202:
3200:
3196:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3186:
3184:
3181:
3179:
3176:
3175:
3173:
3169:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3157:Stroop Report
3155:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3109:
3107:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3097:Documentation
3094:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3035:
3033:
3029:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3004:
3002:
2998:
2995:
2991:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2937:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2929:Marek Edelman
2927:
2925:
2922:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2912:
2911:
2909:
2905:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2870:
2868:
2864:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2819:
2817:
2815:Organizations
2813:
2804:
2799:
2797:
2792:
2790:
2785:
2784:
2781:
2777:
2767:
2764:
2761:
2757:
2753:
2749:
2745:
2741:
2737:
2733:
2729:
2725:
2722:
2721:
2719:
2717:
2716:Collaboration
2713:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2681:
2677:
2674:
2671:
2667:
2664:
2663:
2661:
2659:Organizations
2657:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2638:
2636:
2632:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2605:Eduard Lorenz
2603:
2601:
2600:Anton Lechner
2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2585:Josef Kollmer
2583:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2573:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2555:Kurt Gerstein
2553:
2551:
2550:Hans Hoffmann
2548:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2520:Juana Bormann
2518:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2502:
2500:
2496:
2493:
2489:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2458:Erich Naumann
2456:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2413:Lothar Beutel
2411:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2400:
2398:
2396:
2395:
2390:
2384:
2383:Jürgen Stroop
2381:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2353:Josef Blösche
2351:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2340:
2338:
2334:
2328:
2327:Eduard Wirths
2325:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2312:Josef Mengele
2310:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2302:Horst Fischer
2300:
2298:
2297:Karl Gebhardt
2295:
2293:
2292:Carl Clauberg
2290:
2288:
2285:
2284:
2282:
2280:
2276:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2264:Ludwig Plagge
2262:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2254:Herbert Lange
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2234:Kurt Bolender
2232:
2230:
2227:
2226:
2224:
2218:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2206:Gustav Wagner
2204:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2131:Franz Hössler
2129:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2096:Karl Fritzsch
2094:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2066:Wilhelm Boger
2064:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2053:
2051:
2047:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1985:Erwin Lambert
1983:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1970:Wilhelm Koppe
1968:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1960:Hermann Höfle
1958:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1925:Theodor Eicke
1923:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1907:
1905:
1901:
1898:
1894:
1885:
1880:
1878:
1873:
1871:
1866:
1865:
1862:
1858:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1835:
1833:
1830:
1829:
1827:
1823:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1799:
1797:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1787:
1784:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1739:
1736:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1724:
1722:
1719:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1709:
1707:
1704:
1702:
1699:
1697:
1694:
1693:
1691:
1689:
1685:
1679:
1676:
1674:
1671:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1653:
1650:
1649:
1647:
1643:
1637:
1634:
1632:
1629:
1627:
1626:Aktion Krakau
1624:
1622:
1619:
1617:
1614:
1612:
1609:
1607:
1604:
1602:
1599:
1597:
1596:Bloody Sunday
1594:
1592:
1589:
1588:
1586:
1582:
1572:
1569:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1554:
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1518:Concentration
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1466:Extermination
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1334:The Holocaust
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1203:The Holocaust
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972:Alfred Ittner
970:
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948:
947:Herbert Floss
945:
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928:
922:
921:Kurt Bolender
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898:Gustav Wagner
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834:Erwin Lambert
832:
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827:
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824:Hermann Höfle
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431:Heinz Brenner
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364:Gustav Wagner
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277:Eastern Front
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55:German Empire
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27:
20:
3198:
3122:Höcker Album
3105:Nazi sources
2993:Victim lists
2959:Miles Lerman
2766:Trawniki men
2706:Hotel Polski
2615:Detlef Nebbe
2580:Oswald Kaduk
2575:Karl Jeschke
2453:Bruno Müller
2443:Felix Landau
2428:Ernst Damzog
2423:Karl Brunner
2392:
2368:Franz Konrad
2269:Adolf Theuer
2233:
2222:executioners
2201:Franz Stangl
2171:Robert Mulka
2141:Josef Kramer
2091:Karl Frenzel
2061:Richard Baer
2056:Hans Aumeier
2049:Camp command
2035:Otto Wächter
1915:Josef Bühler
1910:Viktor Brack
1896:Perpetrators
1488:
1330:Main article
1270:
1248:Death camps:
1179:
1172:
1165:
1124:
1080:Dov Freiberg
1065:Thomas Blatt
997:Ernst Zierke
920:
909:executioners
883:Karl Frenzel
860:Franz Stangl
763:
758:
750:
746:
729:(in Italian)
724:
701:
694:
675:
663:
655:
652:Yitzhak Arad
647:
614:
591:
588:Yitzhak Arad
583:
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547:
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520:Yitzhak Arad
497:
469:
458:
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360:Franz Stangl
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328:Arbeitsjuden
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294:Franz Stangl
286:
269:Franz Stangl
234:
224:
186:
185:
103:Nazi Germany
75:West Germany
66:(1966-10-10)
3520:1966 deaths
3510:1912 births
3242:Gas chamber
3210:Concealment
3201:photographs
3048:Gross-Rosen
3017:Lviv (Lwów)
2979:Roza Robota
2883:Częstochowa
2515:Herta Bothe
2505:Hans Anhalt
2498:Camp guards
2438:Ludwig Hahn
2418:Paul Blobel
2358:Franz Bürkl
2348:Hans Biebow
2307:Fritz Klein
2244:Josef Klehr
2229:Erich Bauer
2220:Gas chamber
2166:Karl Möckel
2151:Maria Mandl
2126:Rudolf Höss
2111:Otto Hantke
2000:Oswald Pohl
1990:Ernst Lerch
1801:Stanisławów
1711:Częstochowa
1601:Bronna Góra
1531:Gross-Rosen
1526:Auschwitz I
982:Willi Mentz
952:Erich Fuchs
942:Paul Bredow
916:Erich Bauer
907:Gas chamber
839:Karl Steubl
573:Klee, Ernst
446:Hofbräuhaus
417:2nd class.
338:Erich Bauer
303:Erich Fuchs
257:Sonnenstein
253:Brandenburg
48:21 May 1912
3504:Categories
2565:Irma Grese
2560:Paul Götze
2530:Luise Danz
2279:Physicians
2086:Kurt Franz
1935:Hans Frank
1903:Organizers
1847:Heidelager
1042:Resistance
1007:Franz Wolf
853:Commandant
544:Ernst Klee
490:References
415:Iron Cross
170:Iron Cross
129:1930s–1945
91:Allegiance
44:1912-05-21
3419:Memorials
3316:Aftermath
3083:Treblinka
3038:Auschwitz
2893:Treblinka
2878:Białystok
2866:Uprisings
2646:Treblinka
2491:Personnel
2259:Otto Moll
2249:Hans Koch
2101:Amon Göth
1832:Action T4
1796:Sosnowiec
1766:Nowy Sącz
1701:Białystok
1668:Szczuczyn
1616:Erntefest
1606:Bydgoszcz
1591:Białystok
1506:Treblinka
1382:Lithuania
1276:Treblinka
1238:Up to 200
1146:Memorials
1143:Aftermath
1045:Survivors
1023:Trawnikis
987:Paul Rost
461:was tried
435:pseudonym
403:Dorohucza
320:Lager III
265:Action T4
261:cremation
241:Action T4
221:Biography
3262:Zyklon B
3078:Trawniki
3073:Stutthof
3058:Majdanek
1806:Tarnopol
1746:Lubartów
1658:Jedwabne
1561:Trawniki
1551:Stutthof
1541:Potulice
1484:Majdanek
1402:Slovakia
1266:Majdanek
876:Deputies
735:Archived
683:Archived
654:(1987).
622:Archived
478:See also
444:and the
394:Lazarett
245:Hartheim
227:Duisburg
205:against
203:genocide
195:Nazi era
161:Camp III
154:Commands
109:Service/
51:Duisburg
3247:Gas van
3063:Sobibór
3000:Ghettos
2907:Leaders
2888:Sobibor
2641:Sobibor
2634:By camp
1781:Siedlce
1688:Ghettos
1673:Tykocin
1645:Pogroms
1631:Palmiry
1556:Szebnie
1501:Sobibor
1479:Chełmno
1407:Ukraine
1392:Romania
1372:Germany
1362:Estonia
1357:Denmark
1352:Croatia
1347:Belgium
1342:Belarus
1271:Sobibor
1261:Chełmno
1181:Sobibor
450:Hamburg
427:bouncer
407:Trieste
368:Steubel
249:Hadamar
213:during
159:Sobibór
3359:Trials
3334:Bricha
3068:Soldau
3053:Izbica
3043:Bełżec
3022:Warsaw
3007:Kraków
2847:Żegota
1816:Warsaw
1791:Słonim
1786:Sambor
1761:Mizocz
1751:Lublin
1726:Kraków
1721:Kielce
1716:Grodno
1696:Będzin
1678:Wąsosz
1654:(1946)
1652:Kielce
1566:Warsaw
1546:Soldau
1496:Belzec
1397:Russia
1387:Norway
1377:Latvia
1367:France
1256:Belzec
1016:Guards
868:
862:
712:
606:
598:
554:
530:
465:Lublin
366:, and
356:Orgies
166:Awards
111:branch
100:
3031:Camps
2691:RKFDV
1811:Wilno
1776:Radom
1771:Pińsk
1706:Brest
1611:Dynów
1457:Camps
706:(PDF)
411:Italy
231:NSDAP
71:Hagen
3474:List
3012:Łódź
2832:Bund
2696:VoMi
2686:WVHA
1741:Łódź
1731:Lwów
1663:Lviv
764:Time
710:ISBN
604:ISBN
596:ISBN
552:ISBN
528:ISBN
271:and
255:and
209:and
207:Jews
144:Unit
134:Rank
61:Died
38:Born
2857:ŻZW
2852:ŻOB
2842:PKB
2827:AOB
1123:SS-
590:.
448:in
409:in
379:it.
3506::
2837:GL
2822:AK
2758:/
2754:,
2750:,
2746:,
2742:,
2738:,
2734:/
2730:,
2670:SS
633:^
575::
563:^
546:.
522:.
508:^
456:.
362:,
296:.
251:,
247:,
191:SS
73:,
53:,
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3472:(
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718:.
558:.
534:.
46:)
42:(
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