866:, argued his case and pleaded that the charge be dismissed. The rules were complicated; on the one hand, the monk had broken a rule and was treated as an offender, but on the other, he should not have been so treated if he could not see that he had done wrong. The monk was eventually excommunicated, and this brought about a great dissension. When the matter was reported to the Buddha, he admonished the partisans of both sides and urged them to give up their differences, but they paid no heed, and even blows were exchanged. The people of Kosambī, becoming angry at the monks' behaviour, the quarrel grew apace. The Buddha once more counselled concord, relating to the monks the story of King Dīghiti of Kosala, but his efforts at reconciliation were of no avail, one of the monks actually asking him to leave them to settle their differences without his interference. In disgust, the Buddha left Kosambī and, journeying through Bālakalonakāragāma and the Pācīnavamsadaya, retired alone to keep retreat in the Pārileyyaka forest. In the meantime the monks of both parties repented, partly owing to the pressure exerted by their lay followers in Kosambī, and, coming to the Buddha at Sāvatthi, they asked his pardon and settled their dispute.
598:
927:(ASI) at Kausambi revealed a palace with its foundations going back to 8th century BCE until 2nd century CE and built in six phases. The last phase dated to 1st - 2nd century CE featured an extensive structure which was divided into three blocks and enclosed two galleries. There was a central hall in the central block and presumably used as an audience hall surrounded by rooms which served as a residential place for the ruler. The entire structure was constructed using bricks and stones and two layers of lime were plastered on it. The palace had a vast network of underground chambers and the superstructure and the galleries were made on the principle of
54:
108:
810:
83:
240:
908:
735:, from Kosambī to Banares). The usual route from Rājagaha to Kosambī was up the river (this was the route taken by Ananda when he went with five hundred others to inflict the higher punishment on Channa, Vin.ii.290), though there seems to have been a land route passing through Anupiya and Kosambī to Rājagaha). In the Sutta Nipāta (vv.1010-13) the whole route is given from Mahissati to Rājagaha, passing through Kosambī, the halting-places mentioned being:
1424:
571:
306:
272:. As a small town, it was established in the late Vedic period, by the rulers of Kuru Kingdom as their new capital. The initial Kuru capital Hastinapur was destroyed by floods, and the Kuru King transferred his entire capital with the subjects to a new capital that he built near the Ganga-Jamuna confluence, which was 56 km away from the southernmost part of the Kuru Kingdom, and is now known as
115:
90:
931:. The four-centered pointed arch was used to span narrow passageways and segmental arch for wider areas. The superstructure of central and eastern block was examined to have formed part of a dome that adorned the building. The entire galleries and superstructure were found collapsed under 5 cm thick layer of ash which indicates destruction of the palace through conflagration.
672:
BCE, and was subsequently strengthened by brick walls and bastions, with numerous towers, battlements, and gateways but according to archaeologist G. R. Sharma, who led the archaeological excavation of the city, the rampart was built and provided with brick revetment between 1025 BC and 955 BC and the moat was excavated at the earliest between 855 and 815 BC.
853:, daughter of the Brahmin Māgandiya. The circumstances are narrated in connection with the Māgandiya Sutta. Māgandiyā took the Buddha's refusal as an insult to herself, and, after her marriage to King Udena (of Kosambi), tried in various ways to take revenge on the Buddha, and also on Udena's wife Sāmavatī, who had been the Buddha's follower.
838:. The Buddha visited Kosambī on several occasions, stopping at one or other of these residences, and several discourses delivered during these visits are recorded in the books. (Thomas, op. cit., 115, n.2, doubts the authenticity of the stories connected with the Buddha's visits to Kosambī, holding that these stories are of later invention).
684:
encircled on three sides by a moat, which, though filled up at places, it still discernible on the northern side. At some points, however, there is evidence of more than one moat. The city extended to an area of approximately 6.5 km. The city shows a large extent of brickworks indicating the density of structures in the city.
671:
in March 1948. Excavations have suggested that the site may have been occupied as early as the 12th century BCE. Its strategic geographical location helped it emerge as an important trading center. According to James
Heitzman, a large rampart of piled mud was constructed in the 7th to 5th centuries
683:
Kosambi was a fortified town with an irregular oblong plan. Excavations of the ruins revealed the existence of gates on three sides-east, west and north. The location of the southern gate can not be precisely determined due to water erosion. Besides the bastions, gates and sub-gates, the city was
593:
The schism edict of
Kaushambi (Minor Pillar Edict 2) states that, "The King instructs the officials of Kausambi as follows: ..... The way of the Sangha must not be abandoned..... Whosoever shall break the unity of Sangha, whether monk or nun from this time forth, shall be compelled to wear white
861:
A great schism once arose among the monks in Kosambī. Some monks charged one of their colleagues with having committed the offence of leaving water in the dipper in the bathroom (which would let mosquitoes breed in it), but he refused to acknowledge the charge and, being himself learned in the
643:
All sources cite
Kausambi as an important site during the period. More than three thousand stone sculptures have been recovered from Kausambi and its neighbouring ancient sites –7 Mainhai, Bhita, Mankunwar, and Deoria. These are currently housed in the Prof. G.R. Sharma Memorial Museum of the
1346:
Vin.i.337-57; J.iii.486ff (cp.iii.211ff); DhA.i.44ff; SA.ii.222f. The story of the Buddha going into the forest is given in Ud.iv.5. and in S.iii.94, but the reason given in these texts is that he found Kosambī uncomfortable owing to the vast number of monks, lay people, and heretics. But see
687:
The
Buddhist commentarial scriptures give two reasons for the name Kausambi/Kosambī. The more favoured is that the city was so called because it was founded in or near the site of the hermitage once occupied by the sage Kusumba (v.l. Kusumbha). Another explanation is that large and stately
878:-king, the reincarnation of a former ship's captain. The Nāga was converted by Sāgata, who thereby won great fame. Rujā was born in a banker's family in Kosambī. Citta-pandita was also born there. A king, by name Kosambaka, once ruled there.
53:
1392:
S.iv.179; but see AA.i.170; MA.ii.929; PsA.491, all of which indicate that the city was on the Yamunā) as being "Gangāya nadiyā tīre." This is either an error, or here the name Gangā refers not to the Ganges but to the
1442:
586:
are found both in
Kosambi and in Prayagraj. The present location of the Kosambi pillar inside the ruins of the fort attests to the existence of Mauryan military presence in the region. The
1247:
E.g., UdA.248; SNA.300; MA.i.535. Epic tradition ascribes the foundation of Kosambī to a Cedi prince, while the origin of the Vatsa people is traced to a king of Kāsī, see PHAI.83, 84
889:
wished to excommunicate Yasa Kākandakaputta, he went by air to Kosambī, and from there sent messengers to the orthodox monks in the different centres (Vin.ii.298; Mhv.iv.17).
831:
613:-drum. All such coinage has been attributed to the Kosambi. Many Indian museums, such as the National Museum, have these coins in their collections.
846:
211:) was an ancient city in India, characterized by its importance as a trading center along the Ganges Plain and its status as the capital of the
835:
760:
827:
795:
776:
748:
1484:
1524:
850:
787:
135:
740:
534:
1529:
911:
an Indian palace depiction in
Mahabodhi railing medallion, showing vaulted underground chambers called ''suranga,'' as described by
1539:
834:(these being given by three of the most eminent citizens of Kosambī, named respectively, Kukkuta, Ghosita, and Pāvārika), and the
1534:
1165:
995:
590:
is an edict issued toward the
Mahamattas of Kosambi, giving credence to the fact that it was originally located in Kosambi.
1015:
567:
of goods and passengers from north-west and south. It figures very prominently in the accounts of the life of Buddha.
1519:
1461:
1232:
1207:
1068:
962:
597:
874:
Bakkula was the son of a banker in Kosambī. In the Buddha's time there lived near the ferry at Kosambī a powerful
708:(Pali. Sanskrit: Udayana). Kosambī was evidently a city of great importance at the time of the Buddha for we find
1514:
924:
794:
preached to the women of Udena's palace on two occasions. The Buddha is mentioned as having once stayed in the
625:
527:
254:
892:
It was at Kosambī that the Buddha promulgated a rule forbidding the use of intoxicants by monks (Vin.ii.307).
1197:
582:
Historically, Kosambi remained a solid urban centre through the
Mauryan period and during the Gupta period.
677:
1499:
1437:
421:
1456:
Tripathi, Aruna; The
Buddhist Art of Kausambi from 300 BC-AD 550, New Delhi, D.K. Printworld, 2003,
953:
520:
406:
1222:
24:
1084:
Krishnaswamy, C.S.; Ghosh, Amalananda (October 1935). "A Note on the
Allahabad Pillar of Aśoka".
948:
886:
780:
645:
629:
368:
107:
1223:
S. Kusumgar and M. G. YadavaMunshi Manoharlal Publishers, New Delhi (2002). K. Paddayya (ed.).
1020:
803:
624:
to Kaushambi. After his death, his empire was divided (perhaps amongst his sons), into several
1473:
1447:
987:
1155:
979:
82:
1111:
731:). (We are told that the fish which swallowed Bakkula travelled thirty leagues through the
668:
822:
Already in the Buddha's time there were four establishments of the Order in Kosambī – the
8:
660:
295:
286:
1093:
791:
689:
617:
606:
188:
17:
1457:
1228:
1203:
1161:
1136:
1064:
991:
980:
958:
583:
491:
481:
471:
1365:
AA.i.179; but see J.i.360, where the incident is given as happening at Bhaddavatikā
809:
649:
609:) made cast copper coinage with and without punchmarks. Their coinage resemble the
587:
231:), which made it a powerful center for trade and beneficial for the Vatsa Kingdom.
845:
at Kosambī, and it was on his way there on this occasion that he made a detour to
667:
of Allahabad University in 1949 and again in 1951–1956 after it was authorized by
578:
with Weapons in Her Hair, from Northern India (possibly Kausambi), 2nd century BCE
1181:
1130:
896:
704:
In the time of the Buddha, its king was Parantapa, and after him reigned his son
476:
391:
63:
1544:
1025:
882:
705:
560:
67:
1508:
1140:
1056:
673:
548:
426:
396:
265:
178:
150:
137:
223:
River about 56 kilometres (35 mi) southwest of its confluence with the
1429:
916:
799:
764:
664:
556:
506:
416:
386:
269:
261:
216:
907:
823:
713:
680:
have historically dated its continued occupation from 390 BC to 600 A.D.
621:
563:, where a large number of wealthy merchants resided. It was an important
456:
451:
239:
1097:
564:
496:
325:
1086:
The Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland
928:
912:
461:
436:
363:
320:
277:
273:
228:
732:
768:
756:
728:
501:
466:
358:
208:
744:
721:
653:
637:
633:
446:
441:
411:
401:
335:
330:
875:
58:
Kosambi cast copper coin. 1st century BCE. Inscribed 𑀓𑁄𑀲𑀩𑀺
1491:
863:
752:
736:
717:
709:
610:
605:
In the post-Mauryan period a tribal society at Kosambi (modern
570:
486:
353:
305:
224:
220:
813:
Ghoshitaram monastery in Kosambi dating back to 6th century BC
727:
The city was thirty leagues by river from Benares (modern day
260:
Kosambi was one of the greatest cities in India from the late
869:
842:
712:
mentioning it as one of the places suitable for the Buddha's
575:
552:
212:
1407:. New Delhi: Archaeological survey of India. pp. 50–52.
1129:
Sharma, Savita (1981). "Damaru-shaped Coins from Kausambi".
716:. It was also the most important halt for traffic coming to
1135:. Vol. 5. Numismatic Society of Bombay. pp. 1–3.
772:
200:
802:
lived in a woodland near Kosambī after the holding of the
786:
Near Kosambī, by the river, was Udayana/Udena's park, the
1118:. Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers, New Delhi. p. 37.
1063:. Oxford University Press, New Delhi. pp. 290–291.
551:, Kosambi was the capital of the independent kingdom of
594:
garments, and to dwell in a place outside the sangha."
1199:
Fortified Cities of Ancient India: A Comparative Study
632:
also established hegemony over a wide area including
1419:
1013:
559:. Kosambi was a very prosperous city by the time of
817:
1083:
601:Two Damaru-shaped coins from the Gangetic Valley.
1506:
699:
243:Woman riding two bulls (bronze), from Kausambi,
1478:in the Buddhist Dictionary of Pali Proper Names
1452:in the Buddhist Dictionary of Pali Proper Names
977:
902:
895:Kosambī is mentioned in the Buddhist scripture
696:grew in great numbers in and around the city.
1110:
1055:
528:
1443:Early history of Kausambi, IIT Delhi archive
1160:. Abhinav Publications. pp. 37–39, 45.
1153:
947:
1195:
923:The archaeological excavation conducted by
870:Other legends and references in literature
856:
535:
521:
1337:DhA.i.199ff; iii.193ff; iv.1ff; Ud.vii.10
1147:
1014:Rohan L. Jayetilleke (5 December 2007).
906:
808:
596:
569:
238:
1196:Schlingloff, Dieter (1 December 2014).
1507:
1438:Official website of Kaushambi district
1128:
1009:
1007:
268:with occupation continuing until the
1405:Indian Archaeology: A review 1961-62
1402:
1225:Recent Studies in Indian Archaeology
1061:Aśoka and the Decline of the Mauryas
1004:
986:. Oxford University Press. p.
13:
1525:Buddhist pilgrimage sites in India
885:heresy, when the Vajjian monks of
620:may have shifted his capital from
14:
1556:
1500:UP Government Website on Kausambi
1467:
1310:Vin.ii.290f; SNA.ii.514; J.iv.375
1530:Former populated places in India
1422:
304:
113:
106:
88:
81:
52:
1540:Indo-Aryan archaeological sites
1396:
1386:
1377:
1368:
1359:
1350:
1340:
1331:
1322:
1313:
1304:
1295:
1286:
1277:
1268:
1259:
1250:
1241:
1216:
1189:
1174:
818:Buddhist monasteries in Kosambi
644:Department of Ancient History,
114:
89:
1535:Former capital cities in India
1122:
1104:
1077:
1049:
1040:
1016:"The Ghositarama of Kaushambi"
971:
941:
925:Archaeological Survey of India
255:Ochre Coloured Pottery culture
253:During the 2nd millennium BCE
1:
1415:
1154:K. D. Bajpai (October 2004).
724:from the south and the west.
700:Buddhist history of Kaushambi
244:
16:For the Indian district, see
1490:by the Chinese pilgrim monk
919:; Shunga period, 2nd-1st BCE
903:Kausambi Palace architecture
849:and was offered in marriage
678:Northern Black Polished Ware
547:During the period prior the
215:Kingdom, one of the sixteen
32:City in Uttar Pradesh, India
7:
957:. Rupa and Co. p. 41.
841:The Buddha spent his ninth
10:
1561:
1347:UdA.248f, and SA.ii.222f).
234:
22:
15:
1157:Indian Numismatic Studies
954:The Wonder That Was India
184:
174:
166:
131:
122:Show map of Uttar Pradesh
75:
51:
44:
37:
1520:Tourism in Uttar Pradesh
1186:(Routledge, 2008), pp.13
978:Ariel Glucklich (2008).
934:
630:The dynasty of Kaushambi
219:. It was located on the
25:Kosambi (disambiguation)
1256:e.g., MA i.539; PsA.413
881:During the time of the
857:The schism at Kaushambi
663:of Kosambi was done by
659:The excavations of the
646:University of Allahabad
151:25.338984°N 81.392899°E
1265:MA.ii.740f; DhA.i.164f
1183:The City in South Asia
920:
814:
804:First Buddhist Council
602:
579:
257:spread in the region.
250:
1515:Ancient Indian cities
982:The Strides of Vishnu
910:
812:
600:
573:
348:Four Additional Sites
242:
1283:See, e.g., Vin.i.277
1227:. pp. 445–451.
669:Sir Mortimer Wheeler
652:and State Museum in
616:It is possible that
276:, previously called
248: 2000-1750 BCE
156:25.338984; 81.392899
23:For other uses, see
1356:MA.ii.929; AA.i.170
1116:The Edicts of Aśoka
790:, where Ananda and
661:archaeological site
315:The Four Main Sites
297:Buddha's Holy Sites
227:at Prayaga (modern
147: /
921:
815:
792:Pindola Bharadvaja
618:Pushyamitra Shunga
607:Prayagraj district
603:
580:
251:
189:Kaushambi district
18:Kaushambi district
1403:Gosh, A. (1964).
1292:AA.i.170; PsA.491
1167:978-81-7017-035-8
1132:Numismatic Digest
997:978-0-19-531405-2
832:Pāvārika-ambavana
584:Pillars of Ashoka
545:
544:
264:until the end of
194:
193:
97:Show map of India
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1202:. Anthem Press.
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1180:James Heitzman,
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1024:. Archived from
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676:of charcoal and
650:Allahabad Museum
588:Allahabad pillar
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1485:Description of
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1301:See Vin.ii.184f
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897:Samyutta Nikāya
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636:, and possibly
626:Mitra dynasties
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477:Ramagrama stupa
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64:Tai Tham script
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1030:. Retrieved
1026:the original
1019:
981:
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949:A. L. Basham
943:
922:
917:Arthashastra
894:
891:
880:
873:
860:
843:rainy season
840:
836:Badarikārāma
821:
800:Mahā Kaccāna
798:in Kosambī.
785:
765:Kapilavatthu
761:Kapilavasthu
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726:
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686:
682:
665:G. R. Sharma
658:
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507:Vikramashila
431:
417:Ellora Caves
270:Gupta Empire
262:Vedic period
259:
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196:
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66:at the top.
59:
29:
828:Ghositārāma
824:Kukkutārāma
796:Simsapāvana
777:Bhoganagara
759:, Setavyā,
751:, Kosambī,
714:Parinibbāna
622:Pataliputra
457:Pataliputra
422:Kapilavastu
407:Chandavaram
381:Other Sites
154: /
1509:Categories
1416:References
1032:29 October
1021:Daily News
749:Vanasavhya
497:Tilaurakot
472:Pushpagiri
326:Kushinagar
142:81°23′34″E
139:25°20′20″N
1474:Entry on
1448:Entry on
1374:J.vi.237f
1141:150424986
929:true arch
913:Kautiliya
851:Māgandiyā
788:Udakavana
692:trees or
640:as well.
492:Udayagiri
482:Ratnagiri
437:Lalitgiri
392:Amaravati
364:Shravasti
321:Bodh Gaya
278:Allahabad
274:Prayagraj
229:Prayagraj
205:Kaushambi
1487:Kausambi
1383:J.iv.392
1114:(1992).
1098:25201233
1059:(1997).
951:(2002).
769:Kusinārā
757:Sāvatthi
741:Gonaddha
729:Varanasi
565:entrepôt
502:Varanasi
467:Piprahwa
369:Vaishali
359:Sankissa
209:Sanskrit
185:District
1476:Kosambi
1450:Kosambi
1393:Yamunī.
1328:PvA.141
1319:S.v.437
883:Vajjian
722:Magadha
654:Lucknow
638:Kannauj
634:Magadha
576:Goddess
574:Bronze
447:Nalanda
442:Mathura
432:Kosambi
412:Devdaha
402:Bharhut
336:Sarnath
331:Lumbini
235:History
197:Kosambi
167:Country
62:in the
39:Kosambi
1492:Faxian
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826:, the
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745:Vedisa
737:Ujjeni
733:Yamunā
718:Kosala
710:Ananda
611:Damaru
487:Sanchi
387:Ajanta
354:Rajgir
225:Ganges
221:Yamuna
60:Kosabi
1545:Vatsa
1094:JSTOR
935:Notes
706:Udena
553:Vatsa
452:Nasik
213:Vatsa
203:) or
175:State
170:India
1458:ISBN
1229:ISBN
1204:ISBN
1162:ISBN
1137:OCLC
1065:ISBN
1034:2008
992:ISBN
959:ISBN
876:Nāga
779:and
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