877:, argued his case and pleaded that the charge be dismissed. The rules were complicated; on the one hand, the monk had broken a rule and was treated as an offender, but on the other, he should not have been so treated if he could not see that he had done wrong. The monk was eventually excommunicated, and this brought about a great dissension. When the matter was reported to the Buddha, he admonished the partisans of both sides and urged them to give up their differences, but they paid no heed, and even blows were exchanged. The people of Kosambī, becoming angry at the monks' behaviour, the quarrel grew apace. The Buddha once more counselled concord, relating to the monks the story of King Dīghiti of Kosala, but his efforts at reconciliation were of no avail, one of the monks actually asking him to leave them to settle their differences without his interference. In disgust, the Buddha left Kosambī and, journeying through Bālakalonakāragāma and the Pācīnavamsadaya, retired alone to keep retreat in the Pārileyyaka forest. In the meantime the monks of both parties repented, partly owing to the pressure exerted by their lay followers in Kosambī, and, coming to the Buddha at Sāvatthi, they asked his pardon and settled their dispute.
609:
938:(ASI) at Kausambi revealed a palace with its foundations going back to 8th century BCE until 2nd century CE and built in six phases. The last phase dated to 1st - 2nd century CE featured an extensive structure which was divided into three blocks and enclosed two galleries. There was a central hall in the central block and presumably used as an audience hall surrounded by rooms which served as a residential place for the ruler. The entire structure was constructed using bricks and stones and two layers of lime were plastered on it. The palace had a vast network of underground chambers and the superstructure and the galleries were made on the principle of
65:
119:
821:
94:
251:
919:
746:, from Kosambī to Banares). The usual route from Rājagaha to Kosambī was up the river (this was the route taken by Ananda when he went with five hundred others to inflict the higher punishment on Channa, Vin.ii.290), though there seems to have been a land route passing through Anupiya and Kosambī to Rājagaha). In the Sutta Nipāta (vv.1010-13) the whole route is given from Mahissati to Rājagaha, passing through Kosambī, the halting-places mentioned being:
1435:
582:
317:
283:. As a small town, it was established in the late Vedic period, by the rulers of Kuru Kingdom as their new capital. The initial Kuru capital Hastinapur was destroyed by floods, and the Kuru King transferred his entire capital with the subjects to a new capital that he built near the Ganga-Jamuna confluence, which was 56 km away from the southernmost part of the Kuru Kingdom, and is now known as
126:
101:
942:. The four-centered pointed arch was used to span narrow passageways and segmental arch for wider areas. The superstructure of central and eastern block was examined to have formed part of a dome that adorned the building. The entire galleries and superstructure were found collapsed under 5 cm thick layer of ash which indicates destruction of the palace through conflagration.
683:
BCE, and was subsequently strengthened by brick walls and bastions, with numerous towers, battlements, and gateways but according to archaeologist G. R. Sharma, who led the archaeological excavation of the city, the rampart was built and provided with brick revetment between 1025 BC and 955 BC and the moat was excavated at the earliest between 855 and 815 BC.
864:, daughter of the Brahmin Māgandiya. The circumstances are narrated in connection with the Māgandiya Sutta. Māgandiyā took the Buddha's refusal as an insult to herself, and, after her marriage to King Udena (of Kosambi), tried in various ways to take revenge on the Buddha, and also on Udena's wife Sāmavatī, who had been the Buddha's follower.
849:. The Buddha visited Kosambī on several occasions, stopping at one or other of these residences, and several discourses delivered during these visits are recorded in the books. (Thomas, op. cit., 115, n.2, doubts the authenticity of the stories connected with the Buddha's visits to Kosambī, holding that these stories are of later invention).
695:
encircled on three sides by a moat, which, though filled up at places, it still discernible on the northern side. At some points, however, there is evidence of more than one moat. The city extended to an area of approximately 6.5 km. The city shows a large extent of brickworks indicating the density of structures in the city.
682:
in March 1948. Excavations have suggested that the site may have been occupied as early as the 12th century BCE. Its strategic geographical location helped it emerge as an important trading center. According to James
Heitzman, a large rampart of piled mud was constructed in the 7th to 5th centuries
694:
Kosambi was a fortified town with an irregular oblong plan. Excavations of the ruins revealed the existence of gates on three sides-east, west and north. The location of the southern gate can not be precisely determined due to water erosion. Besides the bastions, gates and sub-gates, the city was
604:
The schism edict of
Kaushambi (Minor Pillar Edict 2) states that, "The King instructs the officials of Kausambi as follows: ..... The way of the Sangha must not be abandoned..... Whosoever shall break the unity of Sangha, whether monk or nun from this time forth, shall be compelled to wear white
872:
A great schism once arose among the monks in Kosambī. Some monks charged one of their colleagues with having committed the offence of leaving water in the dipper in the bathroom (which would let mosquitoes breed in it), but he refused to acknowledge the charge and, being himself learned in the
654:
All sources cite
Kausambi as an important site during the period. More than three thousand stone sculptures have been recovered from Kausambi and its neighbouring ancient sites –7 Mainhai, Bhita, Mankunwar, and Deoria. These are currently housed in the Prof. G.R. Sharma Memorial Museum of the
1357:
Vin.i.337-57; J.iii.486ff (cp.iii.211ff); DhA.i.44ff; SA.ii.222f. The story of the Buddha going into the forest is given in Ud.iv.5. and in S.iii.94, but the reason given in these texts is that he found Kosambī uncomfortable owing to the vast number of monks, lay people, and heretics. But see
698:
The
Buddhist commentarial scriptures give two reasons for the name Kausambi/Kosambī. The more favoured is that the city was so called because it was founded in or near the site of the hermitage once occupied by the sage Kusumba (v.l. Kusumbha). Another explanation is that large and stately
889:-king, the reincarnation of a former ship's captain. The Nāga was converted by Sāgata, who thereby won great fame. Rujā was born in a banker's family in Kosambī. Citta-pandita was also born there. A king, by name Kosambaka, once ruled there.
64:
1403:
S.iv.179; but see AA.i.170; MA.ii.929; PsA.491, all of which indicate that the city was on the Yamunā) as being "Gangāya nadiyā tīre." This is either an error, or here the name Gangā refers not to the Ganges but to the
1453:
597:
are found both in
Kosambi and in Prayagraj. The present location of the Kosambi pillar inside the ruins of the fort attests to the existence of Mauryan military presence in the region. The
1258:
E.g., UdA.248; SNA.300; MA.i.535. Epic tradition ascribes the foundation of Kosambī to a Cedi prince, while the origin of the Vatsa people is traced to a king of Kāsī, see PHAI.83, 84
900:
wished to excommunicate Yasa Kākandakaputta, he went by air to Kosambī, and from there sent messengers to the orthodox monks in the different centres (Vin.ii.298; Mhv.iv.17).
842:
624:-drum. All such coinage has been attributed to the Kosambi. Many Indian museums, such as the National Museum, have these coins in their collections.
857:
222:) was an ancient city in India, characterized by its importance as a trading center along the Ganges Plain and its status as the capital of the
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771:
838:
806:
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759:
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798:
146:
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545:
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922:
an Indian palace depiction in
Mahabodhi railing medallion, showing vaulted underground chambers called ''suranga,'' as described by
1550:
845:(these being given by three of the most eminent citizens of Kosambī, named respectively, Kukkuta, Ghosita, and Pāvārika), and the
1545:
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1006:
601:
is an edict issued toward the
Mahamattas of Kosambi, giving credence to the fact that it was originally located in Kosambi.
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578:
of goods and passengers from north-west and south. It figures very prominently in the accounts of the life of Buddha.
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1472:
1243:
1218:
1079:
973:
608:
885:
Bakkula was the son of a banker in Kosambī. In the Buddha's time there lived near the ferry at Kosambī a powerful
719:(Pali. Sanskrit: Udayana). Kosambī was evidently a city of great importance at the time of the Buddha for we find
1525:
935:
805:
preached to the women of Udena's palace on two occasions. The Buddha is mentioned as having once stayed in the
636:
538:
265:
903:
It was at Kosambī that the Buddha promulgated a rule forbidding the use of intoxicants by monks (Vin.ii.307).
1208:
593:
Historically, Kosambi remained a solid urban centre through the
Mauryan period and during the Gupta period.
688:
1510:
1448:
432:
1467:
Tripathi, Aruna; The
Buddhist Art of Kausambi from 300 BC-AD 550, New Delhi, D.K. Printworld, 2003,
964:
531:
417:
1233:
35:
17:
1095:
Krishnaswamy, C.S.; Ghosh, Amalananda (October 1935). "A Note on the
Allahabad Pillar of Aśoka".
959:
897:
791:
656:
640:
379:
118:
1234:
S. Kusumgar and M. G. YadavaMunshi Manoharlal Publishers, New Delhi (2002). K. Paddayya (ed.).
1031:
814:
635:
to Kaushambi. After his death, his empire was divided (perhaps amongst his sons), into several
1484:
1458:
998:
1166:
990:
93:
1122:
742:). (We are told that the fish which swallowed Bakkula travelled thirty leagues through the
679:
833:
Already in the Buddha's time there were four establishments of the Order in Kosambī – the
8:
671:
306:
297:
1104:
802:
700:
628:
617:
199:
28:
1468:
1239:
1214:
1172:
1147:
1075:
1002:
991:
969:
594:
502:
492:
482:
1376:
AA.i.179; but see J.i.360, where the incident is given as happening at Bhaddavatikā
820:
660:
620:) made cast copper coinage with and without punchmarks. Their coinage resemble the
598:
242:), which made it a powerful center for trade and beneficial for the Vatsa Kingdom.
856:
at Kosambī, and it was on his way there on this occasion that he made a detour to
678:
of Allahabad University in 1949 and again in 1951–1956 after it was authorized by
589:
with Weapons in Her Hair, from Northern India (possibly Kausambi), 2nd century BCE
1192:
1141:
907:
715:
In the time of the Buddha, its king was Parantapa, and after him reigned his son
487:
402:
74:
1555:
1036:
893:
716:
571:
78:
1519:
1151:
1067:
684:
559:
437:
407:
276:
189:
161:
148:
234:
River about 56 kilometres (35 mi) southwest of its confluence with the
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927:
810:
775:
675:
567:
517:
427:
397:
280:
272:
227:
918:
834:
724:
691:
have historically dated its continued occupation from 390 BC to 600 A.D.
632:
574:, where a large number of wealthy merchants resided. It was an important
467:
462:
250:
1108:
575:
507:
336:
1097:
The Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland
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923:
472:
447:
374:
331:
288:
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239:
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779:
767:
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512:
477:
369:
219:
755:
732:
664:
648:
644:
457:
452:
422:
412:
346:
341:
886:
69:
Kosambi cast copper coin. 1st century BCE. Inscribed 𑀓𑁄𑀲𑀩𑀺
1502:
874:
763:
747:
728:
720:
621:
616:
In the post-Mauryan period a tribal society at Kosambi (modern
581:
497:
364:
316:
235:
231:
824:
Ghoshitaram monastery in Kosambi dating back to 6th century BC
738:
The city was thirty leagues by river from Benares (modern day
271:
Kosambi was one of the greatest cities in India from the late
880:
853:
723:
mentioning it as one of the places suitable for the Buddha's
586:
563:
223:
1418:. New Delhi: Archaeological survey of India. pp. 50–52.
1140:
Sharma, Savita (1981). "Damaru-shaped Coins from Kausambi".
727:. It was also the most important halt for traffic coming to
1146:. Vol. 5. Numismatic Society of Bombay. pp. 1–3.
783:
211:
813:
lived in a woodland near Kosambī after the holding of the
797:
Near Kosambī, by the river, was Udayana/Udena's park, the
1129:. Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers, New Delhi. p. 37.
1074:. Oxford University Press, New Delhi. pp. 290–291.
562:, Kosambi was the capital of the independent kingdom of
605:
garments, and to dwell in a place outside the sangha."
1210:
Fortified Cities of Ancient India: A Comparative Study
643:
also established hegemony over a wide area including
1430:
1024:
570:. Kosambi was a very prosperous city by the time of
828:
1094:
612:Two Damaru-shaped coins from the Gangetic Valley.
1517:
710:
254:Woman riding two bulls (bronze), from Kausambi,
1489:in the Buddhist Dictionary of Pali Proper Names
1463:in the Buddhist Dictionary of Pali Proper Names
988:
913:
906:Kosambī is mentioned in the Buddhist scripture
707:grew in great numbers in and around the city.
1121:
1066:
539:
1454:Early history of Kausambi, IIT Delhi archive
1171:. Abhinav Publications. pp. 37–39, 45.
1164:
958:
1206:
934:The archaeological excavation conducted by
881:Other legends and references in literature
867:
546:
532:
1348:DhA.i.199ff; iii.193ff; iv.1ff; Ud.vii.10
1158:
1025:Rohan L. Jayetilleke (5 December 2007).
917:
819:
607:
580:
249:
1207:Schlingloff, Dieter (1 December 2014).
14:
1518:
1449:Official website of Kaushambi district
1139:
1020:
1018:
279:with occupation continuing until the
1416:Indian Archaeology: A review 1961-62
1413:
1236:Recent Studies in Indian Archaeology
1072:Aśoka and the Decline of the Mauryas
1015:
997:. Oxford University Press. p.
24:
1536:Buddhist pilgrimage sites in India
896:heresy, when the Vajjian monks of
631:may have shifted his capital from
25:
1567:
1511:UP Government Website on Kausambi
1478:
1321:Vin.ii.290f; SNA.ii.514; J.iv.375
1541:Former populated places in India
1433:
315:
124:
117:
99:
92:
63:
1551:Indo-Aryan archaeological sites
1407:
1397:
1388:
1379:
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1361:
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1333:
1324:
1315:
1306:
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1200:
1185:
829:Buddhist monasteries in Kosambi
655:Department of Ancient History,
125:
100:
1546:Former capital cities in India
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1115:
1088:
1060:
1051:
1027:"The Ghositarama of Kaushambi"
982:
952:
936:Archaeological Survey of India
266:Ochre Coloured Pottery culture
264:During the 2nd millennium BCE
13:
1:
1426:
1165:K. D. Bajpai (October 2004).
735:from the south and the west.
711:Buddhist history of Kaushambi
255:
27:For the Indian district, see
1501:by the Chinese pilgrim monk
930:; Shunga period, 2nd-1st BCE
914:Kausambi Palace architecture
860:and was offered in marriage
689:Northern Black Polished Ware
558:During the period prior the
226:Kingdom, one of the sixteen
43:City in Uttar Pradesh, India
7:
968:. Rupa and Co. p. 41.
852:The Buddha spent his ninth
10:
1572:
1358:UdA.248f, and SA.ii.222f).
245:
33:
26:
1168:Indian Numismatic Studies
965:The Wonder That Was India
195:
185:
177:
142:
133:Show map of Uttar Pradesh
86:
62:
55:
48:
1531:Tourism in Uttar Pradesh
1197:(Routledge, 2008), pp.13
989:Ariel Glucklich (2008).
945:
641:The dynasty of Kaushambi
230:. It was located on the
36:Kosambi (disambiguation)
1267:e.g., MA i.539; PsA.413
892:During the time of the
868:The schism at Kaushambi
674:of Kosambi was done by
670:The excavations of the
657:University of Allahabad
162:25.338984°N 81.392899°E
1276:MA.ii.740f; DhA.i.164f
1194:The City in South Asia
931:
825:
815:First Buddhist Council
613:
590:
268:spread in the region.
261:
1526:Ancient Indian cities
993:The Strides of Vishnu
921:
823:
611:
584:
359:Four Additional Sites
253:
1294:See, e.g., Vin.i.277
1238:. pp. 445–451.
680:Sir Mortimer Wheeler
663:and State Museum in
627:It is possible that
287:, previously called
259: 2000-1750 BCE
167:25.338984; 81.392899
34:For other uses, see
1367:MA.ii.929; AA.i.170
1127:The Edicts of Aśoka
801:, where Ananda and
672:archaeological site
326:The Four Main Sites
308:Buddha's Holy Sites
238:at Prayaga (modern
158: /
932:
826:
803:Pindola Bharadvaja
629:Pushyamitra Shunga
618:Prayagraj district
614:
591:
262:
200:Kaushambi district
29:Kaushambi district
1414:Gosh, A. (1964).
1303:AA.i.170; PsA.491
1178:978-81-7017-035-8
1143:Numismatic Digest
1008:978-0-19-531405-2
843:Pāvārika-ambavana
595:Pillars of Ashoka
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275:until the end of
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108:Show map of India
16:(Redirected from
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143:Coordinates:
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1505:(399-414 AC)
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1041:. Retrieved
1037:the original
1030:
992:
984:
963:
960:A. L. Basham
954:
933:
928:Arthashastra
905:
902:
891:
884:
871:
854:rainy season
851:
847:Badarikārāma
832:
811:Mahā Kaccāna
809:in Kosambī.
796:
776:Kapilavatthu
772:Kapilavasthu
766:, Sravasthi/
737:
714:
704:
697:
693:
676:G. R. Sharma
669:
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518:Vikramashila
442:
428:Ellora Caves
281:Gupta Empire
273:Vedic period
270:
263:
215:
207:
206:
77:at the top.
70:
40:
839:Ghositārāma
835:Kukkutārāma
807:Simsapāvana
788:Bhoganagara
770:, Setavyā,
762:, Kosambī,
725:Parinibbāna
633:Pataliputra
468:Pataliputra
433:Kapilavastu
418:Chandavaram
392:Other Sites
165: /
1520:Categories
1427:References
1043:29 October
1032:Daily News
760:Vanasavhya
508:Tilaurakot
483:Pushpagiri
337:Kushinagar
153:81°23′34″E
150:25°20′20″N
1485:Entry on
1459:Entry on
1385:J.vi.237f
1152:150424986
940:true arch
924:Kautiliya
862:Māgandiyā
799:Udakavana
703:trees or
651:as well.
503:Udayagiri
493:Ratnagiri
448:Lalitgiri
403:Amaravati
375:Shravasti
332:Bodh Gaya
289:Allahabad
285:Prayagraj
240:Prayagraj
216:Kaushambi
1498:Kausambi
1394:J.iv.392
1125:(1992).
1109:25201233
1070:(1997).
962:(2002).
780:Kusinārā
768:Sāvatthi
752:Gonaddha
740:Varanasi
576:entrepôt
513:Varanasi
478:Piprahwa
380:Vaishali
370:Sankissa
220:Sanskrit
196:District
18:Kausambi
1487:Kosambi
1461:Kosambi
1404:Yamunī.
1339:PvA.141
1330:S.v.437
894:Vajjian
733:Magadha
665:Lucknow
649:Kannauj
645:Magadha
587:Goddess
585:Bronze
458:Nalanda
453:Mathura
443:Kosambi
423:Devdaha
413:Bharhut
347:Sarnath
342:Lumbini
246:History
208:Kosambi
178:Country
73:in the
50:Kosambi
1503:Faxian
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875:Vinaya
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756:Vedisa
748:Ujjeni
744:Yamunā
729:Kosala
721:Ananda
622:Damaru
498:Sanchi
398:Ajanta
365:Rajgir
236:Ganges
232:Yamuna
71:Kosabi
1556:Vatsa
1105:JSTOR
946:Notes
717:Udena
564:Vatsa
463:Nasik
224:Vatsa
214:) or
186:State
181:India
1469:ISBN
1240:ISBN
1215:ISBN
1173:ISBN
1148:OCLC
1076:ISBN
1045:2008
1003:ISBN
970:ISBN
887:Nāga
790:and
784:Pāvā
731:and
701:neem
473:Pāvā
212:Pali
57:city
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