537:. Prior to the affair taking place, Lvov identified himself to Kornilov as an "emissary for the prime minister," which was not his true occupation. Through his interaction with Kornilov, Lvov gained the knowledge that Kornilov wanted to create a stronger, more unified government where he had more of a voice. Then, Lvov went on to express these desires to Kerensky, but Kerensky viewed this information as a threatening proposal to take over the government. From there, Kerensky prepared to defend the capital against Kornilov's advancing troops and aspirations of gaining power. It can be considered that, through communicating with the help of Lvov, the different intentions of both Kornilov and Kerensky were miscommunicated or misrepresented in conversation, which perpetuated the attempted government seizure of power.
513:
were not needed to fight off
Kornilov's advancing troops in August, they were kept by the Bolsheviks and used in their own successful armed October Revolution. Bolshevik support amongst the Russian public also increased following the Kornilov affair, a consequence of dissatisfaction with the Provisional Government's handling of Kornilov's attempted seizure of power. Following the October Revolution, Lenin and the Bolsheviks seized power and the Provisional Government that Kornilov was a part of ceased to exist. The fragments of the Provisional Government were a pivotal force in the Russian Civil War that occurred in response to Lenin's seizure of power.
396:. With the help of officers of the Russian Army, Kornilov amongst them, he hoped to deliver a more unified form of government. The officers feared that ill-discipline amongst their troops accounted for the continued poor performance of the Russian Army in the war. They demanded the reintroduction of the death penalty on the front line as well as the abolition of the various soldiers' committees that had sprung up in the months following the Petrograd Soviet's Order Number 1 on 1 March 1917 (
192:
131:
450:
Kornilov. In
Petrograd the Soviet, most notably the Bolsheviks for reasons that were important later on, were given ammunition and arms in the event that Kornilov's troops should arrive at Petrograd and combat be necessary. However this proved unnecessary because by 13 September 1917 (30 August Old Style) Kornilov's army had lost a large number of soldiers and with no more support for Kornilov's movement the affair had come to a bloodless end.
530:
Kerensky. On the left side, those who defended
Kornilov believed that Kerensky had intentionally planned the seizure of power, but publicly disapproved of it to be the savior figure in the midst of turmoil. Another aspect that Steinberg highlights is that the right believed that Kerensky had turned against Kornilov. Thus, the opinions regarding this affair further perpetuated separation between the right and left political parties.
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575:. Pipes argued that, far from there being a Kornilov plot, there was in fact a "'Kerensky plot' engineered to discredit the general as the ringleader of an imaginary but widely anticipated counter-revolution, the suppression of which would elevate the Prime Minister to a position of unrivalled popularity and power, enabling him to meet the growing threat from the Bolsheviks."
410:
Whether
Kornilov had done this as a means of imposing a military dictatorship after his success, or was simply acting under Kerensky's orders, is not clear, but what is definite was that Kerensky had no intention of allowing Kornilov to enter Petrograd with an army, fearing the former possibility. In an effort to avoid this, on 10 September 1917 (
516:
Despite the officer corps' refusal to participate in
Kornilov's mutiny, they were angry with the punishment Kerensky gave him, as well as Kerensky's accommodation of the left and his arrest of prominent generals. This would later come back to haunt Kerensky as the military did not heed his request to
414:
27 August), Kerensky had sent
Kornilov a telegram informing him of his dismissal and ordering him to return to Petrograd. The telegram did not impede Kornilov's progress towards Petrograd as intended, but instead most likely hastened his troops' advance as Kornilov, after reading the message, assumed
433:
Over the course of the next few days, as the
Provisional Government tried to come up with a concrete plan to avert the oncoming attack, the Petrograd Soviet had taken measures to defend against Kornilov's advancing troops. One of these measures was the creation of the Committee for Struggle Against
540:
One take on the
Kornilov affair was put forward by Aleksander Kerensky himself, the main target of the coup. In the years after the event, Kerensky described the affair as a right-wing conspiracy that "...developed slowly, systematically, with cool calculation of all the factors involved affecting
529:
presents the conflicting beliefs and political opinions on the
Kornilov Affair. He elaborates by stating that the event was "a strange mixture of conspiracy and confusion". Once the attempt was halted, many citizens expressed skeptical thoughts regarding what actually happened between Kornilov and
512:
was accused of being in the pay of the
Germans and subsequently fled to Finland. Kerensky's plea to the Petrograd Soviet for support had resulted in the rearmament of the Bolshevik Military Organization and the release of Bolshevik political prisoners, including Leon Trotsky. Though these weapons
388:
3 to 7 July) and was a rebellion against the Provisional Government. The demonstrations during the July Days did not alleviate the frustrations of the Russian people and continued unrest throughout that summer sparked calls for more discipline and a stronger, more unified government. Unease also
449:
The Soviet had performed several acts such as working with rail worker unions to impede Kornilov's army's progress towards Petrograd as well as infiltrating the army for the purpose of sabotage and convincing soldiers within the force to desert, all in an effort to halt and weaken the forces of
409:
While there have been multiple conflicting opinions on the specifics of how this event had come to be, as well as how it was carried out, one common fact was that, to "restore peace in Petrograd", Kornilov had been organizing a force of soldiers to move into Petrograd and eliminate the Soviet.
376:
1 July). Kerensky's offensive was meant to boost the morale of the troops and reignite support for Russia's participation in the war. The offensive ended up having the opposite effect. Troops and workers became frustrated with Russia's continued involvement, which led to the July Days revolt.
434:
Counterrevolution on 11 September 1917 (28 August Old Style). Those participating in the committee were representatives of the two national soviet executive committees of workers and soldiers and of peasants, the Petrograd Soviet, the General Central Council of Trade Unions, and the
400:
14 March). The officers, especially Kornilov, wanted to put an end to any signs of revolution in Russia, particularly in regard to the Bolsheviks. Kornilov mobilized his troops to Petrograd to address the revolutionary threat shortly after he was appointed commander-in-chief.
328:
of Soldiers' and Workers' Deputies. The exact details and motivations of the Kornilov affair are unconfirmed due to the general confusion of all parties involved. Many historians have had to piece together varied historical accounts as a result.
1436:
503:
The biggest beneficiary of the Kornilov affair was the Bolshevik Party, who enjoyed a revival in support and strength in the wake of the attempted coup. Kerensky released Bolsheviks who had been arrested during the
1483:
541:
its possible success or failure." Kerensky posited that Kornilov himself was drawn into this conspiracy long after the preparatory work had been completed. In a 1966 interview with Soviet journalist
389:
escalated amongst Russia's businessmen and industrialists in the Provisional Government. Support for the restoration of order was strong even amongst the members of the Provisional Government.
361:. However, the initial wave of support for the Provisional Government amongst the Russian people soon subsided and unrest grew, a result mainly of Russia's continued participation in the
466:
commanded the forces that moved towards Petrograd before being stopped. Krymov surrendered and, after meeting with Kerensky, killed himself by shooting himself in the heart.
392:
Immediately following the July Days, Aleksander Kerensky became prime minister of the Provisional Government and swiftly appointed Kornilov the commander-in-chief of the
225:
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parties. The most notable members of this committee were the Bolsheviks, who had a large support base among the lower class, and included organizers such as
1384:
1946:
1426:
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446:, who had been previously imprisoned but released at the behest of the Petrograd Soviet to assist in the organization of the defense of Petrograd.
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1379:
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1207:
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474:
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Several schools of thought surrounding the Kornilov affair offer contrasting interpretations and have provoked debate among historians.
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However, the Provisional Government had lost all credibility and soon crumbled. Shortly after Lenin seized power with the Bolshevik
533:
When discussing the events that led up to the affair, Steinberg analyzes the involvement of former Provisional Government minister
1961:
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1411:
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211:
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556:, Kornilov was maneuvered by others into attempting the coup, but he does not say who those others were. An earlier historian,
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of 7 November 1917 (25 October old style) Kornilov managed to escape from Bykhov Fortress and went on to establish the
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On 14 September 1917 (1 September old style), the Provisional Government proclaimed the establishment of the
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After the failed coup, Kornilov was removed from his position as Commander-in-Chief and incarcerated in the
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whose members came from various liberal and left-wing political parties, some previously represented in the
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560:, believed that Kerensky encouraged the coup until he realized that Kornilov intended to destroy both the
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426:, and Kerensky accused Knox of producing pro-Kornilov propaganda. Kerensky also claimed Lord
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Fortress alongside 30 other army officers accused of involvement in the conspiracy. General
8:
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965:"Радио ЭХО Москвы :: Наше все, 23.12.2007 17:08 Александр Керенский: Генрих Боровик"
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defend the government when the Bolsheviks attacked in the October Revolution in 1917.
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Group of forces in battle with the counterrevolution in the South of Russia
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Strategy and Supply (RLE The First World War): The Anglo-Russian Alliance
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304:, was an attempted military coup d'état by the commander-in-chief of the
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The Kornilov Revolt: A Critical Examination of Sources and Research
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took place in the Russian capital of Petrograd from 16 to 20 July (
496:. He was killed in battle against Bolshevik forces in the town of
169:
38:
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that Petrograd had fallen under the control of the Bolsheviks.
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as temporary parliament, in preparation to the elections of a
368:
The unrest felt by the Russian people reached a peak with the
1518:
1055:
Asher, H. (1970). "The Kornilov Affair: A Reinterpretation".
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and the economic effects of the fighting on Russian society.
571:
put forward another interpretation of the event in his work
545:, Kerensky further elaborated on his theory by stating that
914:. United Kingdom: Oxford University Press. pp. 78–79.
354:
712:. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. pp. 161–165.
658:. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. pp. 161–162.
767:
Inside the Enigma: British Officials in Russia, 1900–39
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and any trace of democracy including Kerensky himself.
1215:
1088:
A People's Tragedy: The Russian Revolution 1891–1924
831:
A People's Tragedy: The Russian Revolution 1891–1924
430:
wrote him a letter expressing support for Kornilov.
1170:Endurance and Endeavour: Russian History 1812–1992
1096:
1928:
641:The Origins Of The Russian Revolution 1861–1917
643:(3rd ed.). London: Routledge. p. 42.
1201:
549:had played a central role in the conspiracy.
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934:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
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1164:. United Kingdom: Oxford University Press.
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492:, which fought the Bolsheviks during the
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418:Kornilov had the support of the British
1469:Revolutionary Insurgent Army of Ukraine
1412:Provisional Committee of the State Duma
1040:. London: Collins Harvill. p. 463.
1015:. Harmondsworth: Penguin. p. 199.
896:. London: Collins Harvill. p. 467.
1929:
1524:Russian Social Democratic Labour Party
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1010:
985:
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16:1917 attempted military coup in Russia
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1157:New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
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1947:1910s coups d'état and coup attempts
1352:Armenian–Azerbaijani war (1918–1920)
1181:(2nd ed.). New York: Routledge.
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703:
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638:
1315:Finnish Socialist Workers' Republic
872:Seventeen Moments in Soviet History
552:According to the British historian
13:
1437:Council of the People's Commissars
1048:
979:
900:
866:Siegelbaum, Lewis (17 June 2015).
856:at prlib.ru, accessed 12 June 2017
14:
1978:
1162:The Russian Revolution, 1905–1921
1103:. United Kingdom: Longman Group.
912:The Russian Revolution, 1905–1921
698:
573:The Russian Revolution: 1899–1919
520:
1447:Military Revolutionary Committee
1179:The Russian Revolution 1861–1917
1147:The Russian Revolution 1899–1919
1129:The Russian Revolution 1917–1921
1099:Russia 1917: The Kornilov Affair
1038:The Russian Revolution 1899–1919
990:. London: Pimlico. p. 366.
894:The Russian Revolution 1899–1919
312:, from 10 to 13 September 1917 (
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1342:Lithuanian Wars of Independence
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967:. Echo.msk.ru. 23 December 2007
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854:The Russian Republic Proclaimed
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349:fell from power, replaced by a
1962:Russian Provisional Government
1876:German Revolution of 1918–1919
1417:Russian Provisional Government
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753:(Routledge, 2014), pp. 282–290
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318:Russian Provisional Government
125:Russian Provisional Government
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1541:Socialist Revolutionary Party
1288:Ukrainian War of Independence
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404:
332:
316:, 28–31 August), against the
1452:Russian Constituent Assembly
1347:Red Army invasion of Georgia
1332:Estonian War of Independence
910:Steinberg, Mark, D. (2017).
791:Fitzpatrick, Sheila (2017).
436:Social Revolutionary (S. R.)
345:23 February – 3 March), the
7:
1957:Political history of Russia
1896:Workers' Councils in Poland
1494:Ukrainian People's Republic
1337:Latvian War of Independence
1155:Voices of Revolution, 1917.
833:. London: The Bodley Head.
801:: Oxford University Press.
708:Steinberg, Mark D. (2001).
654:Steinberg, Mark D. (2001).
578:
508:a few months earlier, when
10:
1983:
1952:Military history of Russia
1916:Belarusian-Soviet conflict
1558:General Jewish Labour Bund
1427:Pro-independence movements
1172:. Oxford University Press.
1149:. London: Collins Harvill.
1140:. Aarhus University Press.
737:Princeton University Press
710:Voices of Revolution, 1917
656:Voices of Revolution, 1917
1942:Attempted coups in Russia
1886:Hungarian Soviet Republic
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1801:
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1262:Kerensky–Krasnov uprising
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1160:Steinberg, M. D. (2017).
1153:Steinberg, M. D. (2001).
1011:Taylor, A. J. P. (1966).
780:– via Google Books.
770:. Bloomsbury Publishing.
535:Vladimir Nikolaevich Lvov
275:Kerensky–Krasnov uprising
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1881:Bavarian Soviet Republic
1871:Revolutions of 1917–1923
1168:Westwood, J. N. (1993).
1118:Kerensky, A. F. (1977).
949:Kerensky, A. F. (1977).
764:Hughes, Michael (1997).
733:Intervention and the War
1298:Kiev Bolshevik Uprising
953:. Milwood. p. 288.
829:Figes, Orlando (2014).
567:The American historian
46:greeted by his officers
1911:Slovak Soviet Republic
1891:Hungarian–Romanian War
1593:Provisional Government
794:The Russian Revolution
590:Wagner Group rebellion
351:Provisional Government
142:Commanders and leaders
1583:Nicholas II of Russia
1136:Munck, J. L. (1987).
1127:Kowalski, R. (1997).
986:Keegan, John (1999).
680:"The Kornilov Affair"
1901:Polish–Ukrainian War
1303:Polish–Ukrainian War
1293:Ukrainian–Soviet War
479:Constituent Assembly
422:, Brigadier-General
357:, and others in the
341:of 8–16 March 1917 (
58:10–13 September 1917
1553:Union of October 17
1372:Kronstadt rebellion
1367:Workers' Opposition
1242:February Revolution
1095:Katkov, G. (1980).
1013:The First World War
988:The First World War
735:by Richard Ullman,
615:"1917 Free History"
475:Provisional Council
339:February Revolution
322:Aleksander Kerensky
250:February Revolution
186:Aleksander Kerensky
1967:August 1917 events
1937:Russian Revolution
1821:Stepan Petrichenko
1745:Alexander Kerensky
1257:October Revolution
1217:Russian Revolution
1145:Pipes, R. (1990).
1086:Figes, O. (1996).
1058:The Russian Review
1036:Pipes, R. (1990).
892:Pipes, R. (1990).
486:October Revolution
370:Kerensky Offensive
270:October Revolution
237:Russian Revolution
31:Russian Revolution
1924:
1923:
1906:Polish–Soviet War
1859:
1858:
1793:Alexander Antonov
1788:Maria Spiridonova
1717:Felix Dzerzhinsky
1634:Alexander Kolchak
1611:Alexander Guchkov
1400:
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1327:Polish–Soviet War
1310:Finnish Civil War
1283:Russian Civil War
1177:Wood, A. (1993).
921:978-0-19-922762-4
868:"Kornilov Affair"
808:978-0-19-252969-5
739:, 1961, pp. 11–13
719:978-0-300-10169-0
686:. 4 December 2012
665:978-0-300-10169-0
639:Wood, A. (2003).
619:Yandex Publishing
547:Winston Churchill
527:Mark D. Steinberg
494:Russian Civil War
372:on 15 July 1917 (
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285:Russian Civil War
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1712:Nikolai Bukharin
1682:Grigory Zinoviev
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1357:Left SR uprising
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1120:The Catastrophe
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1090:. Random House.
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1674:
1672:Vladimir Lenin
1668:
1666:
1660:
1659:
1657:
1656:
1651:
1646:
1641:
1636:
1631:
1625:
1623:
1621:White movement
1617:
1616:
1614:
1613:
1608:
1606:Pavel Milyukov
1603:
1597:
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1589:
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1434:
1429:
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1422:White movement
1419:
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1398:
1397:
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1385:Central Powers
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1376:Interventions
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1124:
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1109:
1092:
1083:
1071:10.2307/127537
1065:(3): 286–300.
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1028:
1021:
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521:Historiography
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510:Vladimir Lenin
490:Volunteer Army
455:
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337:Following the
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1841:Viktor Bilash
1839:
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1811:Nestor Makhno
1809:
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1786:
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1783:Mark Natanson
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1773:Yakov Blumkin
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1697:Joseph Stalin
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1675:
1673:
1670:
1669:
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1654:Lavr Kornilov
1652:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1644:Pyotr Krasnov
1642:
1640:
1639:Anton Denikin
1637:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1629:Pyotr Wrangel
1627:
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1267:Junker mutiny
1265:
1263:
1260:
1258:
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1022:0-1400-2481-6
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997:0-7126-6645-1
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989:
982:
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906:
904:
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777:9781441127907
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734:
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684:Alpha History
681:
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642:
635:
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616:
610:
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595:Ivan Zaplatin
593:
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583:
582:
576:
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569:Richard Pipes
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344:
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327:
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319:
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310:Lavr Kornilov
307:
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299:
286:
283:
281:
280:Junker mutiny
278:
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155:Lavr Kornilov
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53:
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45:
40:
35:
32:
27:
22:
19:
1836:Fedir Shchus
1778:Boris Kamkov
1722:Alexei Rykov
1687:Leon Trotsky
1474:Green armies
1464:Black Guards
1251:
1178:
1169:
1161:
1154:
1146:
1137:
1131:. Routledge.
1128:
1119:
1098:
1087:
1062:
1056:
1037:
1031:
1012:
1006:
987:
981:
969:. Retrieved
959:
950:
944:
911:
893:
887:
875:. Retrieved
871:
861:
849:
830:
824:
812:. Retrieved
793:
786:
766:
759:
750:
744:
732:
728:
709:
688:. Retrieved
683:
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649:
640:
634:
622:. Retrieved
618:
609:
572:
566:
551:
539:
532:
524:
515:
502:
498:Ekaterinodar
483:
468:
457:
454:Consequences
448:
444:Leon Trotsky
432:
417:
408:
394:Russian Army
391:
379:
367:
336:
306:Russian Army
301:
297:
295:
264:
255:April Crisis
197:Leon Trotsky
171:
113:Russian Army
100:Belligerents
29:Part of the
18:
1846:Fanya Baron
1826:Lev Chernyi
1677:Lev Kamenev
1601:Georgy Lvov
1575:Monarchists
877:11 November
585:Kapp Putsch
554:John Keegan
424:Alfred Knox
83:Territorial
78:Coup failed
1931:Categories
1803:Anarchists
1664:Bolsheviks
1534:Mensheviks
1529:Bolsheviks
1479:Red Guards
1322:Heimosodat
1235:Revolution
1122:. Milwood.
797:. Oxford,
690:5 November
624:11 October
601:References
562:Bolsheviks
558:AJP Taylor
405:The affair
333:Background
320:headed by
308:, General
91:proclaimed
1732:Right SRs
1457:elections
1276:Civil War
1247:July Days
1221:Civil War
930:cite book
506:July Days
440:Menshevik
382:July Days
300:, or the
260:July Days
1765:Left SRs
1546:Left SRs
1442:Red Army
1390:Siberian
971:30 April
579:See also
324:and the
63:Location
44:Kornilov
1567:Figures
1506:Parties
814:1 April
172:†
85:changes
1514:Kadets
1405:Groups
1380:Allied
1228:Events
1107:
1079:127537
1077:
1019:
994:
918:
837:
805:
774:
716:
662:
460:Bykhov
428:Milner
168:
75:Result
68:Russia
1519:Nabat
1075:JSTOR
1219:and
1105:ISBN
1017:ISBN
992:ISBN
973:2014
936:link
916:ISBN
879:2017
835:ISBN
816:2023
803:ISBN
772:ISBN
714:ISBN
692:2017
660:ISBN
626:2017
438:and
412:O.S.
398:O.S.
386:O.S.
380:The
374:O.S.
355:Duma
343:O.S.
314:O.S.
296:The
55:Date
1067:doi
1933::
1073:.
1063:29
1061:.
932:}}
928:{{
902:^
870:.
799:UK
700:^
682:.
617:.
481:.
1209:e
1202:t
1195:v
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1000:.
975:.
938:)
924:.
881:.
843:.
818:.
722:.
694:.
668:.
628:.
227:e
220:t
213:v
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