689:
25:
658:, polarized the political scene. The Petrograd Soviet moved steadily leftwards, just as those of the center and right consolidated around Kerensky. Despite the events in July, the Ispolkom moved to protect the Bolsheviks from serious consequences, adopting resolutions on August 4 and August 18 against the arrest and prosecution of Bolsheviks. Still wary of the Ispolkom, the government released many senior Bolsheviks on
418:, came only from political groups, with every socialist party given three seats (agreed March 18). This created an intellectual and radical head to the peasant-, worker-, and soldier-dominated body. The executive committee meetings were more intense and almost as disorderly as the public meetings and were often extremely long.
699:
On
October 6, with a German advance threatening the city, the government - after advice from the military – made plans to evacuate to Moscow. The Ispolkom attacked the move, and Trotsky had the soldiers' section, who were mostly Mensheviks, vote on a resolution condemning the evacuation. The
366:
joined the soviet, and again moderates dominated. Non-representative voting and enthusiasm gave the Soviet almost 3,000 deputies in two weeks, of which the majority were soldiers. The meetings were chaotic, confused, and unruly, little more than a stage for speechmakers. The party-based
Ispolkom
544:
was created on March 8 to "inform... about the demands of the revolutionary people, to exert pressure on the government to dissatisfy all these demands, and to exercise uninterrupted control over their implementation." On March 19, the control extended into the military front lines with
782:, declaring the end of the Provisional Government and the transfer of power to the Petrograd Soviet. In the early afternoon, Trotsky convened an Extraordinary Session of the Petrograd Soviet, to preempt the Congress of Soviets. It was packed with Bolsheviks and Left SR deputies.
770:
sent armed groups to seize the main telegraph offices and lower the bridges across the Neva. That night, the
Bolsheviks took control quickly and easily, since the vast majority of both the guard and the workers had sided with them, participating in the plans of the "Milrevcom".
707:
threats. The Plenum of the Soviet voted for a committee to "gather... all the forces participating in the defense of
Petrograd... to arm the workers... ensuring the revolutionary defense of Petrograd... against the... military and civilian Kornilovites."
333:. They were freed by a crowd of disaffected soldiers on the morning of February 27, the beginning of the February Revolution, and the chairman convened a meeting to organize and elect a Soviet of Workers' Deputies that day.
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668:
During the
Kornilov affair, the Ispolkom was forced to use the Bolsheviks' military as its main force against the "counter-revolution". Kerensky ordered the distribution of 40,000 rifles to the workers of Petrograd (some
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public statement as "a direct weapon of the counter-revolutionary forces". The military command responded with an ultimatum to the Soviet, which led to delaying negotiations and meetings on
October 23 and 24.
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took exclusive control of the garrison in the name of the
Soldiers' Section of the Soviet. The District Commander, Colonel Polkovnikov, refused to allow this control, and he and his staff were condemned in a
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703:
On
October 9, the Soviets considered the creation of a Committee of Revolutionary Defense. The Bolsheviks and Trotsky amended the resolution to include security of Petrograd against both German and
824:) which would act as a standing-body of the (legislative) Soviet between full sessions of the Congress of Soviets, though in practice Sovnarkom would eclipse the CEC/TSiK in autonomy and power.
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820:) – until the meeting of the Constituent Assembly. The Sovnarkom was meant to be an executive governing body directly accountable to the newly created Central Executive Committee (CEC/
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as his deputy. It was a front for the activities of the
Bolshevik's Military Organization. Podvoisky would take official control of the committee on the day of the uprising, with
433:), and issued a decidedly conditional statement of support. Moreover, the Soviet undermined the Provisional Government by issuing its own orders, beginning with the seven-article
785:
That evening, the Second
Congress of Soviets opened in the Assembly Hall in Smolny. The 600 or so delegates chose a Presidium of 3 Mensheviks and 21 Bolsheviks and Left SRs.
425:. This allowed the group to criticize without responsibility, and kept them away from any potential backlash. On March 2, the Soviet received the eight-point program of the
676:
As other socialist parties abandoned the Soviet organizations, the Bolsheviks increased their presence. On September 25, they gained a majority in the Workers' Section and
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approved the resolution, against Menshevik resistance, on October 12, and the Soviet approved it on October 16 (despite warnings by the Mensheviks and SRs), creating the
700:
Provisional Government postponed evacuation indefinitely. Its attempts to dispatch Petrograd garrison units to the front were resisted by the troops and by the Ispolkom.
291:
625:, and took advantage of the new socialist presence in the Cabinet to attack them for the failures of the Provisional Government. The Bolsheviks began a strong run of
573:
expanded to 19 members on April 8, nine representing the Soldiers' Section, and then the Workers' Section. All members were socialists, the majority Mensheviks or
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and the Provisional Government had been cut out of control of the forces in the Petrograd Military District, since very few of them remained loyal to them.
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rejected the workings of the Congress and called on the Soviets and the army to defend the Revolution. But in the evening, the Congress dismissed the
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was chosen as the official newspaper of the group. The following day, February 28, was the plenary session; elected representatives from
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256:(Central Duma). During the revolutionary days, the council tried to extend its jurisdiction nationwide as a rival power center to the
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In March 1917, the Petrograd Soviet was opposed to the workers, which protested its deliberations with strikes. On March 8, the
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was elected chairman. He directed the transformation of the Soviet into a revolutionary organ according to Bolshevik policies.
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as a representative body of the city's workers and soldiers, while the city already had its well-established city council, the
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progressed and the economic situation worsened, encouraging street demonstrations and issuing revolutionary proclamations.
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representatives). The mass meetings of the body tapered from daily in the first weeks to roughly weekly by April.
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In the August 20 municipal elections, the Bolsheviks took a third of the votes, a 50% increase in three months.
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The Bolshevik-popular uprising began on October 24, when "liberal" forces tried to shut down
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585:(June/July 1917), the Petrograd Soviet began adding representatives from other parts of
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riots from July 16–17, inspired but not led by the Bolsheviks, were without success.
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317:) the entire leadership of the Central Workers' Group was arrested and taken to the
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City council of Saint Petersburg between the February Revolution and end of the USSR
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even claimed that the strikers were discrediting the soviet by disobeying it.
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Group of forces in battle with the counterrevolution in the South of Russia
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was created. But the main precursor to the 1917 Petrograd Soviet was the
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On March 1, the executive committee resolved to remain outside any new
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and replaced it with a new group of 101 members (62 Bolsheviks) under
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The Military Staff was sidelined on the night of October 21, when the
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That evening, between 69 and 300 people attended the meeting at the
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Government of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic
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with the Provisional Government until the October Revolution.
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266:(Dual power). Its committees were key components during the
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617:
The rise of the Bolsheviks throughout 1917 is known as the
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The Petrograd Soviet developed into an alternate source of
673:), many of which ended in the hands of Bolshevik groups.
260:, creating what in Soviet historiography is known as the
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in Petrograd. The group became increasingly radical as
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Petrograd Military Revolutionary Committee (Milrevkom)
591:
All-Russian Soviet of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies
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The Military-Revolutionary Committee was chaired by
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moves from the military, and was determined to have
766:and take other steps to secure the government. The
692:Milrevcom proclamation about the disbanding of the
621:. The Bolsheviks rapidly assumed the mantle of the
248:The Soviet was established in March 1917 after the
229:at the time. For brevity, it is usually called the
219:
Petrogradskij sovjet rabočih i soldatskih deputatov
207:
Petrograd Soviet of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
215:Петроградский совет рабочих и солдатских депутатов
654:The rise of Kerensky, and the later shock of the
389:8 October] 1917. – 26 October [
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414:The members of the executive committee, called
367:quickly took charge of actual decision-making.
493:), in which the Petrograd Soviet competed for
462:Power struggle with the Provisional Government
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286:, and in 1905 the workers' soviet called the
270:and some of them led the armed revolt of the
808:and the formation of a new government – the
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410:Executive Committee of the Petrograd Soviet
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589:and the front lines, renaming itself the
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
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1676:Organizations of the Russian Revolution
1188:Revolutionary Insurgent Army of Ukraine
1131:Provisional Committee of the State Duma
683:
595:All-Russian Central Executive Committee
427:Provisional Committee of the State Duma
302:to mediate between workers and the new
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1243:Russian Social Democratic Labour Party
485:This created a situation described as
403:
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593:. The executive committee became the
340:. A provisional executive committee (
1071:Armenian–Azerbaijani war (1918–1920)
881:Revolutionary Russia: New Approaches
878:
840:
774:The following morning at 10 am, the
429:, appointed an oversight committee (
399:, December 13, 1917 – March 26, 1926
282:Before 1914, Petrograd was known as
47:adding citations to reliable sources
18:
1034:Finnish Socialist Workers' Republic
448:
298:), founded in November 1915 by the
225:(Saint Petersburg), the capital of
13:
1156:Council of the People's Commissars
778:issued an announcement written by
457:Committee on Revolutionary Defense
14:
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1671:Organizations established in 1917
1666:Legislatures of the Soviet Union
1166:Military Revolutionary Committee
717:Military Revolutionary Committee
581:representation. After the first
540:). A "shadow government" with a
23:
1681:Russian Revolution in Petrograd
1061:Lithuanian Wars of Independence
605:) with over 70 members (but no
583:All-Russian Congress of Soviets
379:, March 12 – September 19, 1917
313:On January 27, 1917 (all dates
145:1924 (renamed Leningrad Soviet)
34:needs additional citations for
1595:German Revolution of 1918–1919
1136:Russian Provisional Government
869:The Rise of Factory Committees
810:Council of People's Commissars
721:Voenno-Revoliutsionnyi Komitet
694:Russian Provisional Government
304:Central War Industry Committee
296:Tsentral'naya Rabochaya Gruppa
1:
1656:1917 establishments in Russia
1260:Socialist Revolutionary Party
1007:Ukrainian War of Independence
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662:or promise of good behavior.
629:. In June, 100,000 copies of
294:(Центральная Рабочая Группа,
1171:Russian Constituent Assembly
1066:Red Army invasion of Georgia
1051:Estonian War of Independence
277:
7:
1615:Workers' Councils in Poland
1213:Ukrainian People's Republic
1056:Latvian War of Independence
814:Soviet Narodnykh Komissarov
445:troops firmly on its side.
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10:
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1635:Belarusian-Soviet conflict
1277:General Jewish Labour Bund
1146:Pro-independence movements
879:Wade, Rex A., ed. (2004).
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393:8 November] 1917
385:, 25 September [
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1600:Bavarian Soviet Republic
1590:Revolutions of 1917–1923
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327:Minister of the Interior
221:) was a city council of
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1017:Kiev Bolshevik Uprising
800:. It also approved the
788:The following day, the
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431:nabliudatel'nyi komitet
319:Peter and Paul Fortress
1630:Slovak Soviet Republic
1610:Hungarian–Romanian War
1312:Provisional Government
798:Lev Borisovich Kamenev
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613:Rise of the Bolsheviks
472:Provisional Government
292:Central Workers' Group
258:Provisional Government
1302:Nicholas II of Russia
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1620:Polish–Ukrainian War
1022:Polish–Ukrainian War
1012:Ukrainian–Soviet War
684:October days of 1917
439:counterrevolutionary
323:Alexander Protopopov
288:St Petersburg Soviet
243:Petrogradskiy soviet
43:improve this article
1272:Union of October 17
1091:Kronstadt rebellion
1086:Workers' Opposition
961:February Revolution
900:- Total pages: 275
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250:February Revolution
239:Петроградский совет
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1540:Stepan Petrichenko
1464:Alexander Kerensky
976:October Revolution
936:Russian Revolution
742:as secretary. The
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542:Contact Commission
480:Alexander Kerensky
272:October Revolution
268:Russian Revolution
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58:"Petrograd Soviet"
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1507:Maria Spiridonova
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1330:Alexander Guchkov
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1046:Polish–Soviet War
1029:Finnish Civil War
1002:Russian Civil War
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816:, abbreviated to
736:Nikolai Podvoisky
377:Nikolay Chkheidze
346:Nikolay Chkheidze
321:on the orders of
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60: –
59:
55:
54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
1555:Fedir Shchus
1497:Boris Kamkov
1441:Alexei Rykov
1406:Leon Trotsky
1193:Green armies
1183:Black Guards
1150:
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641:Golos Pravdy
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541:
536:, and other
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383:Leon Trotsky
353:
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190:Leon Trotsky
160:
105:
96:
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79:
72:
65:
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
1565:Fanya Baron
1545:Lev Chernyi
1396:Lev Kamenev
1320:Georgy Lvov
1294:Monarchists
861:Chapter 12
635:(including
534:food supply
514:power over
487:dvoevlastie
476:Georgy Lvov
435:Order No. 1
308:World War I
1650:Categories
1522:Anarchists
1383:Bolsheviks
1253:Mensheviks
1248:Bolsheviks
1198:Red Guards
1041:Heimosodat
954:Revolution
867:, section
856:Tony Cliff
828:References
671:Red Guards
627:propaganda
560:newspaper
547:commissars
526:telegraphs
495:legitimacy
491:dual power
478:and later
423:State Duma
300:Mensheviks
134:1917-03-12
99:March 2024
69:newspapers
1451:Right SRs
1176:elections
995:Civil War
966:July Days
940:Civil War
841:Wade 2004
818:Sovnarkom
776:Milrevcom
768:Milrevcom
756:Milrevcom
751:Milrevcom
725:Milrevcom
649:July Days
579:Bolshevik
558:Menshevik
553:support.
530:railroads
506:bourgeois
468:authority
360:factories
315:Old Style
278:Formation
223:Petrograd
161:Petrograd
142:Dissolved
127:Formation
1484:Left SRs
1265:Left SRs
1161:Red Army
1109:Siberian
794:Ispolkom
790:Ispolkom
744:Ispolkom
713:Ispolkom
705:domestic
571:Ispolkom
511:de facto
502:Ispolkom
443:garrison
416:Ispolkom
371:Chairmen
364:military
362:and the
355:Izvestia
342:Ispolkom
172:Chairman
150:Location
1286:Figures
1225:Parties
859:Lenin 2
734:, with
607:peasant
517:de jure
470:to the
235:Russian
211:Russian
132: (
83:scholar
1233:Kadets
1124:Groups
1099:Allied
947:Events
891:
804:, the
764:Pravda
643:, and
632:Pravda
587:Russia
325:, the
227:Russia
159:(then
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
1238:Nabat
822:VTsIK
780:Lenin
603:VTsIK
90:JSTOR
76:books
938:and
889:ISBN
711:The
660:bail
569:The
522:post
500:The
391:O.S.
387:O.S.
205:The
62:news
601:or
599:CEC
329:in
245:).
45:by
1652::
887:.
883:.
848:^
639:,
532:,
524:,
482:.
274:.
241:,
237::
217:,
213::
928:e
921:t
914:v
897:.
812:(
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97:(
87:·
80:·
73:·
66:·
39:.
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