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1178:, a heavily guarded facility in west Moscow, and the Politburo was affixing a facsimile of his signature to all letters, as Chernenko had done with Andropov's when he was dying. Chernenko's illness was first acknowledged publicly on 22 February 1985 during a televised election rally in Kuibyshev Borough of northeast Moscow, where the General Secretary stood as candidate for the Supreme Soviet of the
1174:, but on the day of his arrival at the resort Chernenko's health deteriorated, and he contracted pneumonia. Chernenko did not return to the Kremlin until later in 1984. He awarded Orders to cosmonauts and writers in his office, but was unable to walk through the corridors and was driven in a wheelchair. By the end of 1984, Chernenko could hardly leave the
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1398:, who married him in 1944, he had two daughters, Yelena and Vera, and a son, Vladimir. In 2015, archival documents were published, according to which Chernenko had many more wives, and many more children with them; this circumstance, perhaps, was the reason for the slowing of Chernenko's career growth in the 1940s.
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revealed that the
General Secretary was absent in accordance with doctors' advice. Two days later, in a televised scene that shocked the nation, Grishin dragged the terminally ill Chernenko from his hospital bed to a ballot box to vote. On 28 February 1985, Chernenko appeared once more on television
917:
At the time of his ascent to the country's top post, Chernenko was primarily viewed as a transitional leader who could give the
Politburo's "Old Guard" time to choose an acceptable candidate from the next generation of Soviet leadership. In the interim, he was forced to govern the country as part of
852:
in various offices of the top Party members. Another of his jobs was to sign hundreds of Party documents daily, a job he did for the next 20 years. Even after he became
General Secretary of the Party, he continued to sign papers referring to the General Department (when he could no longer physically
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After the death of a Soviet leader it was customary for his successors to open his safe. When
Gorbachev had Chernenko's safe opened, it was found to contain a small folder of personal papers and several large bundles of money; more money was found in his desk. It is not known where he had obtained
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The impact of
Chernenko—or the lack thereof—was evident in the way in which his death was reported in the Soviet press. Soviet newspapers carried stories about Chernenko's death and Gorbachev's selection on the same day. The papers had the same format: page 1 reported the party Central Committee
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In 1971, Chernenko was promoted to full membership in the
Central Committee: overseeing Party work over the Letter Bureau, dealing with correspondence. In 1976, he was elected secretary of the Letter Bureau. He became Candidate in 1977, and in 1978 a full member of the Politburo, second to the
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was deposed, and succeeded by
Brezhnev. During Brezhnev's tenure as Party leader, Chernenko's career continued successfully. He was nominated in 1965 as head of the General Department of the Central Committee, and given the mandate to set the
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to receive parliamentary credentials and read out a brief statement on his electoral victory: "the election campaign is over and now it is time to carry out the tasks set for us by the voters and the
Communists who have spoken out".
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Emphysema and the associated lung and heart damage worsened significantly for
Chernenko in the last three weeks of February 1985. According to the Chief Kremlin doctor, Yevgeny I. Chazov, Chernenko had also developed both chronic
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in April 1984. However, due to his rapidly failing health, he was often unable to fulfill his official duties. He died in March 1985 after leading the country for only 13 months, and was succeeded as
General Secretary by
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828:, the first secretary of the Moldavian branch of the Communist Party from 1950 to 1952 and future leader of the Soviet Union. Chernenko followed Brezhnev in 1956 to fill a similar propaganda post in the
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in November 1982, there was speculation that the position of General Secretary would fall to Chernenko, but he was unable to rally enough support for his candidacy within the Party. Ultimately,
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789:. In 1933 he worked in the Propaganda Department of the Novosyolovsky District Party Committee. A few years later he was promoted to head of the same department in Uyarsk Raykom.
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in Moscow. In 1960, after Brezhnev was named chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet (titular head of state of the Soviet Union), Chernenko became his chief of staff.
1123:, he wrote about "the upcoming restoration of justice in relation to the memory and heritage of I.V. Stalin", which presumably referred to Stalin's political rehabilitation.
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63:
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and was named Secretary of the Territorial Party Committee for Propaganda. By 1945, he acquired a diploma from a party training school in Moscow then later finished a
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1042:. However, in late autumn of 1984, the U.S. and the Soviet Union did agree to resume arms control talks in early 1985. In November 1984 Chernenko met with Britain's
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In early 1984, Chernenko was hospitalized for over a month but kept working by sending the Politburo notes and letters. During the summer, his doctors sent him to
2415:
936:. This became a growing problem as Chernenko's illness led him to miss meetings with increasing frequency. At Andropov's funeral, Chernenko could barely read the
710:
and drafting Central Committee decrees. By 1971 Chernenko became a full member of the Central Committee, and later became a full member of the Politburo in 1978.
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868:: heading Soviet delegations abroad, accompanying Brezhnev to important meetings and conferences, and working as a member of the commission that revised the
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Chernenko steadily rose through the Party ranks, becoming the Director of the Krasnoyarsk House of Party Enlightenment before being named Deputy Head of the
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Chernenko became the third Soviet leader to die in less than three years. Upon being informed in the middle of the night of his death, U.S. President
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at the age of nine, and he was always known to be a heavy smoker as an adult. Long before his election as general secretary, he had developed
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Before his death, Chernenko signed preliminary documents stating that on 9 May 1985, on the day of the 40th Victory Day Parade, the city of
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and printed the new leader's biography and a large photograph of him; page 2 announced the demise of Chernenko and printed his obituary.
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777:(Communist Youth League) in 1929. By 1931, he became a full member of the ruling Communist Party. From 1930 to 1933, he served in the
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1104:). The action was widely seen as revenge for the U.S.-led boycott of the Moscow Games. The boycotting countries organised their own "
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After Brezhnev took over as First Secretary of the CPSU in 1964, Chernenko was appointed to head the General Department of the
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The turning point in Chernenko's career was his assignment in 1948 to head the Communist Party's propaganda department in the
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Pribytkov, Victor (December 1985). "Soviet-U.S. Relations: The Selected Writings and Speeches of Konstantin U. Chernenko".
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Chernenko represented a return to the policies of the late Brezhnev era. Nevertheless, he supported a greater role for
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so zombie-like as to be beyond assessing intelligence reports, alarming or not" when he succeeded Andropov in 1984.
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1709:"Succession In Moscow: Siberian Peasant Who Won Power; Konstantin Chernenko, A Brezhnev Protege, Led Brief Regime"
796:
Department of Krasnoyarsk's Territorial Committee in 1939. In the early 1940s, he began a close relationship with
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and died later that evening at 19:20, at age 73. An autopsy revealed the cause of death to be a combination of
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is reported to have remarked, "How am I supposed to get anyplace with the Russians if they keep dying on me?"
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Urban, Michael E. (1986). "From Chernenko to Gorbachev: A Repolitization of Official Soviet Discourse".
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Candidates of the Central Committee of the 23rd Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
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1774:"SUCCESSION IN MOSCOW: A PRIVATE LIFE, AND A MEDICAL CASE; Briton Is Optimistic on Gorbachev Views"
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844:
agenda and prepare drafts of numerous Central Committee decrees and resolutions. He also monitored
816:
Chernenko (seated second from left in the front row) attending the USSR's 60th Anniversary in 1982.
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Members of the Central Committee of the 26th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
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Members of the Central Committee of the 25th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
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Members of the Central Committee of the 24th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
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Jubilee Medal "In Commemoration of the 100th Anniversary of the Birth of Vladimir Ilyich Lenin"
763:
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1809:"Succession in Moscow: A Private Life, and a Medical Case; Autopsy Discloses Several Diseases"
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275:
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957:
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Candidates of the Politburo of the 25th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
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778:
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Members of the Secretariat of the 26th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
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Members of the Secretariat of the 25th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
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8:
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910:. Chernenko was then elected to replace Andropov even though the latter stated he wanted
511:
20:
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Members of the Politburo of the 26th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
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Members of the Politburo of the 25th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
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891:, who had been more mindful of Brezhnev's failing health, eventually won the position.
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Leaders and Their Followers in a Dangerous World: The Psychology of Political Behavior
1884:"Реабилитация Сталина и другие вещи, которые хотел слелать Черненко | Русская Семёрка"
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with the United States. For example, in 1984, the Soviet Union prevented a visit to
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on the Soviet–Chinese border. After completing his military service, he returned to
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6167:
6162:
6137:
6102:
6047:
5881:
5773:
5738:
5733:
5672:
5617:
5550:
5515:
5510:
5500:
5469:
5464:
5414:
5379:
5249:
5216:
5206:
5035:
4949:
4893:
4849:
4790:
4778:
4772:
4754:
4641:
4593:
3010:
2931:
2849:
2545:
2490:
Brown, Archie (April 1984). "The Soviet Succession: From Andropov to Chernenko".
2473:
2363:
2181:
2106:
1978:
1857:
1815:
1638:
1547:
1262:
1132:
1093:
1015:
1000:
926:
825:
696:
687:
in 1929 and became a full member of the party in 1931. After holding a series of
7165:
2293:"Succession in Moscow: Tributes from Abroad; Moscow's Allies Extend Condolences"
1918:. Psychoanalysis & Social Theory. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. p.
1077:. On 8 May 1984, under Chernenko's leadership, the USSR announced its intention
948:
9766:
9717:
9595:
9575:
9565:
9028:
8953:
8943:
8938:
8798:
8538:
8327:
8250:
7978:
7883:
7633:
7573:
7205:
7123:
7026:
6986:
6956:
6856:
6811:
6361:
6254:
6207:
6132:
6127:
6117:
6112:
6092:
6087:
6082:
6062:
5979:
5886:
5728:
5723:
5682:
5677:
5657:
5647:
5642:
5632:
5627:
5622:
5495:
5429:
5419:
5394:
5389:
5196:
5072:
5040:
5030:
4964:
4891:
4837:
4808:
2974:
2913:
2801:
2714:
2538:
1634:
1395:
1296:
1240:
1183:
1086:
1039:
971:
967:
933:
907:
797:
352:
279:
227:
152:
5299:
5279:
5092:
2381:
1089:
hysteria being whipped up in the United States". The boycott was joined by 14
9845:
9418:
9403:
9342:
9192:
9038:
8933:
8898:
8883:
8843:
8385:
8215:
7953:
7863:
7726:
7706:
7593:
7354:
7332:
7297:
6876:
6871:
6826:
6748:
6708:
6457:
6265:
6187:
6042:
6037:
5846:
5718:
5612:
5555:
5490:
5434:
5374:
5221:
5201:
5135:
5025:
4959:
4796:
4623:
3016:
2998:
2980:
2968:
2937:
2919:
2844:
2784:
2733:
2678:
2651:
2447:
2442:
1254:
1247:
1140:
1116:
974:(right) held enormous influence over Soviet policy throughout his leadership.
899:
888:
714:
631:
239:
182:
138:
86:
2525:
Meissner, Boris (April 1985). "Soviet Policy: From Chernenko to Gorbachev".
1390:
Chernenko had a son with his first wife, Faina Vassilyevna Chernenko, named
1321:
Jubilee Medal "Thirty Years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War 1941–1945"
742:
Chernenko's Party card following his promotion to the Soviet Union's ruling
9311:
8978:
8928:
8858:
8848:
8702:
8690:
8677:
8483:
8310:
7811:
7059:
6909:
6768:
6763:
6758:
6464:
5259:
5125:
4897:
4740:
2352:
1909:
1348:
1266:
1236:
1179:
1090:
1047:
1035:
1031:
759:
661:
296:
271:
2823:
9023:
8628:
8598:
8453:
8443:
8342:
8205:
7998:
7487:
7317:
7302:
7113:
6961:
6929:
6816:
6631:
6536:
6475:
6245:
5841:
4926:
2612:
Chernenko: The Last Bolshevik: The Soviet Union on the Eve of Perestroika
1608:
An Encyclopedic Dictionary of Conflict and Conflict Resolution, 1945–1996
1332:
1070:
992:. The one major personnel change Chernenko made was the dismissal of the
919:
782:
706:. In this capacity, he became responsible for setting the agenda for the
2742:
Senior Secretary of Ideology of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
2704:
Senior Secretary of Ideology of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
2265:
2249:
8782:
8493:
8463:
8417:
8332:
8300:
8292:
8235:
7923:
7638:
7327:
7215:
6821:
5045:
4931:
2761:
Senior Secretary of Cadres for the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
2575:
1419:
1167:
1144:
1082:
1074:
676:
7436:
5876:
1023:
9773:
9710:
9078:
8923:
8772:
8745:
8558:
8513:
8422:
8390:
8370:
8362:
7691:
7481:
5077:
3212:
3188:
1228:
1212:
1204:
1196:
1192:
1160:
1152:
1143:. In 1983 he had been absent from his duties for three months due to
1136:
1112:
854:
316:
308:
48:
9241:
5784:
2567:
2051:
Autopsy for an Empire: The Seven Leaders Who Built the Soviet Regime
914:
to succeed him. Additionally, Chernenko was terminally ill himself.
717:, Chernenko was elected General Secretary in February 1984 and made
472:
9288:
8657:
8498:
8395:
8270:
8089:
7993:
7133:
6991:
6445:
4540:
3168:
2466:
1838:
Coming! The Soviet Withdrawal from the Games of the XXIII Olympiad"
1232:
1215:. A three-day period of mourning across the country was announced.
1148:
1027:
793:
774:
755:
684:
200:
106:
Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union
7777:
Struggle against political abuse of psychiatry in the Soviet Union
2072:"Gorbachev Becomes Soviet Leader Hours After Chernenko Dies at 73"
864:
During Brezhnev's final years, Chernenko became fully immersed in
754:
Chernenko was born to a poor family of Ukrainian ethnicity in the
691:
posts, in 1948 he became the head of the propaganda department in
8603:
8488:
8478:
8427:
7968:
6713:
3771:
3065:
2503:
Daniels, Robert V. (20 February 1984). "The Chernenko Comeback".
1427:
680:
966:
As a result of Chernenko's weak hold on power, Foreign Minister
8671:
8473:
8412:
7347:
3205:
2818:
1309:
Medal "For Valiant Labour in the Great Patriotic War 1941–1945"
937:
9967:
Presidents of the Organising Committees for the Olympic Games
9156:
9112:
American espionage in the Soviet Union and Russian Federation
8618:
8401:
6480:
4551:
Main Political Directorate of the Soviet Army and Soviet Navy
1448:
1224:
1216:
1019:
4680:
League of Struggle for the Emancipation of the Working Class
2659:
General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
2548:— М.: Алгоритм-Эксмо, 2010. — 544 с. ISBN 978-5-699-40627-2.
1611:. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. p. 121. Archived from
1451:
1261:, in one of the twelve individual tombs located between the
666:
General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
64:
General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
8696:
8578:
6470:
6414:
6341:
5964:
2722:
Second Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
2686:
Second Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
1739:
1469:
1463:
1460:
1220:
1200:
1097:
160:
Second Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
4670:
General Jewish Labour Bund in Lithuania, Poland and Russia
2831:
President of Organizing Committee for Summer Olympic Games
1199:
of the liver. On 10 March at 15:00, Chernenko fell into a
9151:
9131:
9126:
5598:
25th Politburo of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
5360:
26th Politburo of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
1171:
884:
1327:
Jubilee Medal "60 Years of the Armed Forces of the USSR"
1026:, Chernenko did little to prevent the escalation of the
4690:
Social Democracy of the Kingdom of Poland and Lithuania
4675:
League of Russian Revolutionary Social Democracy Abroad
2887:
2516:
Halstead, John (May–June 1984). "Chernenko in Office".
1516:
4735:
1640:
Democratization and revolution in the USSR, 1985–1991
1478:
1466:
1457:
1269:. He is the last person to have been interred there.
4541:
All-Union Leninist Young Communist League (Komsomol)
2324:"Polská tragédie: Hradec vyvěsí vlajky na půl žerdi"
1126:
9977:
Recipients of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour
1454:
733:
713:Following the death of Brezhnev and his successor
596:1976–1982: Senior Secretary of Cadres of the CPSU
9897:Members of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union
2460:
1973:
1842:The International Journal of the History of Sport
1115:would be renamed to Stalingrad. In his letter to
19:"Chernenko" redirects here. For the surname, see
9877:Heads of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
9843:
9097:List of Eastern Bloc agents in the United States
2219:"Sandinista Government Viewed as Leftist Hybrid"
807:
7534:North Yemen-South Yemen Border conflict of 1972
6941:On the Cult of Personality and Its Consequences
2792:Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet
1633:
1498:[kənstɐnˈtʲinʊˈsʲtʲinəvʲɪtɕtɕɪrˈnʲenkə]
1003:. Ogarkov was subsequently replaced by Marshal
2131:
2129:
9257:
6430:
5800:
5582:
5344:
4877:
4721:
4546:Vladimir Lenin All-Union Pioneer Organization
2873:
1945:"World Attention Turns To Chernenko's Health"
1487:
1281:the money or what he intended to use it for.
894:
9173:Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War
6724:Incapacitation of the Allied Control Council
3164:Political Administration of the Armed Forces
2539:Кто поставил Горбачёва? (Who put Gorbachev?)
2250:"Pakistan Foreign Policy—A Quarterly Survey"
2137:"East, West Leaders Mourn Chernenko's Death"
16:Leader of the Soviet Union from 1984 to 1985
8034:1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre
2126:
172:10 November 1982 – 9 February 1984
9264:
9250:
9137:United States involvement in regime change
6692:1947–1948 civil war in Mandatory Palestine
6437:
6423:
5942:Death and state funeral of Leonid Brezhnev
5807:
5793:
5589:
5575:
5351:
5337:
4884:
4870:
4728:
4714:
2880:
2866:
861:General Secretary in the Party hierarchy.
824:. There, he met and won the confidence of
660:(24 September 1911 – 10 March 1985) was a
47:
4648:State Committee on the State of Emergency
2634:Soviet Democracy: Principles and Practice
2551:
2014:
2012:
1803:
1801:
76:13 February 1984 – 10 March 1985
4695:Union of Russian Social Democrats Abroad
2524:
2515:
811:
737:
672:from 1984 until his death a year later.
9781:Pictures from Afghanistan (documentary)
9333:Islamic Unity of Afghanistan Mujahideen
7263:Transition to the New Order (Indonesia)
2605:The Rise and Fall of the Soviet Empire.
2502:
2467:Леонид Максименков. Человек одного года
2412:"1985: Gorbachev becomes Soviet leader"
2290:
1831:
1679:
1673:
216:25 January 1982 – 24 May 1982
9862:Burials at the Kremlin Wall Necropolis
9844:
9107:Russian espionage in the United States
7379:Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia
2382:"USSR: Soviet Leader Chernenko Buried"
2321:
2303:from the original on 29 September 2023
2272:from the original on 29 September 2023
2229:from the original on 29 September 2023
2216:
2198:from the original on 28 September 2023
2174:Soviet Policy towards Syria since 1970
2149:from the original on 28 September 2023
2031:from the original on 28 September 2023
2018:
2009:
1955:from the original on 28 September 2023
1890:from the original on 28 September 2023
1798:
1786:from the original on 28 September 2023
1721:from the original on 29 September 2023
1604:
1565:
872:in 1977. In 1979, he took part in the
118:11 April 1984 – 10 March 1985
9668:Military equipment used by Mujahideen
9271:
9245:
9102:Soviet espionage in the United States
7258:Indonesian mass killings of 1965–1966
7037:Consolidation of the Cuban Revolution
6702:1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight
6418:
5814:
5788:
5570:
5332:
4865:
4709:
2861:
2590:
2489:
2291:Kaufman, Michael T. (12 March 1985).
2247:
2167:
2069:
1942:
1706:
1496:
1299:, four times (1971, 1976, 1981, 1984)
1231:all declared three days of mourning;
902:died on 9 February 1984 at age 69 in
9826:
9178:Soviet Union–United States relations
7529:1972 visit by Richard Nixon to China
4665:Bloc of Communists and Non-Partisans
4089:CC of the 7th Conf. (Apr.–Aug. 1917)
2392:from the original on 24 October 2023
2082:from the original on 14 January 2020
2021:"A Halting Chernenko is on TV Again"
1908:
1864:from the original on 28 January 2024
1680:de Lama, George (16 February 1985).
1284:
9987:Russian people of Ukrainian descent
9142:Soviet involvement in regime change
5932:Reaction to 1980–1981 Polish crisis
5189:Communist Party of the Soviet Union
2889:Communist Party of the Soviet Union
2707:10 November 1982 – 9 February 1984
2690:10 November 1982 – 9 February 1984
1943:Burns, John F. (16 February 1984).
1754:from the original on 28 August 2017
822:Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic
564:1977–1978: Candidate member of the
13:
9982:Recipients of the USSR State Prize
9882:Heads of state of the Soviet Union
9621:Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan
9317:Democratic Republic of Afghanistan
9183:Soviet Union–United States summits
6657:1947 Polish parliamentary election
6542:Guerrilla war in the Baltic states
5242:League of Communists of Yugoslavia
5060:Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party
2614:(1989), 308p. covers 1970 to 1985.
1688:from the original on 28 March 2023
1081:, claiming "security concerns and
1053:In 1980, the United States led an
14:
10013:
9907:People from Yeniseysk Governorate
7944:Lord's Resistance Army insurgency
7879:United States invasion of Grenada
7149:Guinea-Bissau War of Independence
7090:Expulsion of Soviets from Albania
5975:1983 false nuclear alarm incident
4975:Communist Party of Czechoslovakia
2663:13 February 1984 – 10 March 1985
2618:
2555:American Political Science Review
2418:from the original on 6 March 2012
2334:from the original on 6 April 2023
2114:from the original on 6 April 2023
1740:Washington Post Foreign Service.
1707:Saxon, Wolfgang (12 March 1985).
1303:Order of the Red Banner of Labour
1273:session on 11 March that elected
1207:, an enlarged and damaged heart,
1127:Health problems, death and legacy
311:, an enlarged and damaged heart,
9972:Recipients of the Order of Lenin
9825:
9816:
9815:
9803:
8019:United States invasion of Panama
7869:1982 Ethiopian–Somali Border War
7509:1971 Turkish military memorandum
7472:Communist insurgency in Thailand
7442:Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty
7374:Communist insurgency in Malaysia
7201:Assassination of John F. Kennedy
7129:Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation
6647:Restatement of Policy on Germany
5056:Hungarian Working People's Party
5018:Socialist Unity Party of Germany
4685:Siberian Social-Democratic Union
2843:
2817:
1997:from the original on 2 June 2024
1742:"Briton Thinks Chernenko Is Ill"
1682:"CHERNENKO TERMINALLY ILL: U.S."
1661:from the original on 2 June 2024
1586:from the original on 2 June 2024
1444:
1385:
1305:, three times (1949, 1957, 1965)
1293:, three times (1976, 1981, 1984)
956:
947:
904:Moscow Central Clinical Hospital
486:
471:
465:
460:
455:
449:
444:
439:
434:
428:
423:
418:
413:
407:
402:
397:
9917:People of the Soviet–Afghan War
8739:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty
8120:Dissolution of the Soviet Union
8049:Fall of the inner German border
7949:1988 Black Sea bumping incident
7599:Strategic Arms Limitation Talks
7589:Spanish transition to democracy
7549:1972–1975 Bangladesh insurgency
7176:Communist insurgency in Sarawak
6682:Indo-Pakistani War of 1947–1948
6563:Occupation of the Baltic states
2430:
2404:
2374:
2346:
2322:Šprinc, Radek (14 April 2010).
2315:
2284:
2241:
2217:Rohter, Larry (23 March 1985).
2210:
2161:
2094:
2063:
2043:
1967:
1936:
1902:
1876:
1825:
1766:
1569:Profile of Konstantin Chernenko
1518:Kostiantyn Ustynovych Chernenko
1235:declared two days of mourning;
1159:described him as "an enfeebled
1079:not to participate in the Games
734:Early life and political career
723:Presidium of the Supreme Soviet
658:Konstantin Ustinovich Chernenko
364:
259:Konstantin Ustinovich Chernenko
9673:Afghanistan War Memorial, Kyiv
7519:Four Power Agreement on Berlin
7154:Mozambican War of Independence
6593:Indonesian National Revolution
5867:Brezhnev assassination attempt
4576:Group of Democratic Centralism
2796:11 April 1984 – 10 March 1985
2747:25 January 1982 ― 24 May 1982
2728:25 January 1982 – 24 May 1982
2626:Human Rights in Soviet Society
2070:Doder, Dusko (12 March 1985).
1983:. Penguin Press. p. 228.
1832:Edelman, Robert Simon (2015).
1733:
1700:
1627:
1598:
1559:
1534:
1437:
1408:
1243:declared one day of mourning.
1063:Soviet invasion of Afghanistan
1059:Summer Olympics held in Moscow
551:1978–1985: Full member of the
534:1971–1985: Full member of the
529:Central institution membership
1:
9892:Recipients of the Lenin Prize
9117:CIA and the Cultural Cold War
8132:Dissolution of Czechoslovakia
8085:Min Ping Yu No. 5540 incident
7807:1984 Summer Olympics boycotts
7772:Seven Days to the River Rhine
7504:Corrective Revolution (Egypt)
6791:March 1949 Syrian coup d'état
6719:1948 Czechoslovak coup d'état
5857:1968 Red Square demonstration
4084:CC of the 6th Conf. (1912–17)
4069:CC of the 1st Conf. (1905–06)
3184:Transportation-Communications
3179:Trade and Consumers' Services
3159:Planning and Financial Organs
2593:Soviet Union/Union Soviétique
2537:Ostrovsky, Alexander (2010).
2019:Mydans, Seth (1 March 1985).
1527:
1489:Константин Устинович Черненко
1416:Eastern Slavic naming customs
1253:Chernenko was honored with a
808:Rise to the Soviet leadership
9902:People from Krasnoyarsk Krai
8110:Fall of communism in Albania
8080:Mongolian Revolution of 1990
8029:Polish Round Table Agreement
7369:1968 Polish political crisis
7186:Eritrean War of Independence
6952:Hungarian Revolution of 1956
6847:East German uprising of 1953
6779:Chinese Communist Revolution
6444:
5990:1984 Summer Olympics boycott
5912:1978 Georgian demonstrations
5113:Polish United Workers' Party
2603:Volkogonov, Dmitri. (1998),
2182:10.1007/978-1-349-11482-5_11
1858:10.1080/09523367.2014.958669
1507:Костянтин Устинович Черненко
1022:. Despite calls for renewed
970:(left) and Defense Minister
874:Vienna arms limitation talks
804:for schoolteachers in 1953.
591:Other political offices held
7:
7984:Korean Air Lines Flight 007
7712:Korean Air Lines Flight 902
7457:Corrective Movement (Syria)
7421:New People's Army rebellion
7416:Sino-Soviet border conflict
7144:Angolan War of Independence
7007:Second Taiwan Strait Crisis
6887:1954 Guatemalan coup d'état
6532:Jamaican political conflict
5970:Korean Air Lines Flight 007
5872:Sino-Soviet border conflict
5837:Glassboro Summit Conference
2476:// "Огонёк", 16 March 2015.
2170:"Gorbachev and the Syrians"
2049:Dmitri Volkogonov. (1998),
1980:The Cold War: A New History
1645:Brookings Institution Press
1517:
664:politician and the seventh
348:Faina Vassilyevna Chernenko
10:
10018:
9887:Heroes of Socialist Labour
9601:Battle of Arghandab (1987)
8180:Sino-Indian border dispute
8009:First Nagorno-Karabakh War
7939:1987–1989 JVP insurrection
7697:1976 Argentine coup d'état
7609:Turkish invasion of Cyprus
7559:1973 Uruguayan coup d'état
7243:1964 Brazilian coup d'état
7211:Cyprus crisis of 1963–1964
6900:First Taiwan Strait Crisis
6667:Asian Relations Conference
5852:Invasion of Czechoslovakia
4919:Party of Labour of Albania
4630:Bloc of Soviet Oppositions
4624:Union of Marxist-Leninists
2764:March 1976 – January 1983
2518:International Perspectives
2483:
2357:"Where's the Rest of Him?"
1553:Collins English Dictionary
1414:In this name that follows
994:Chief of the General Staff
895:Leader of the Soviet Union
749:
619:Leader of the Soviet Union
18:
9797:
9788:Bitter Lake (documentary)
9681:
9650:
9629:
9553:
9487:
9437:
9391:
9384:
9325:
9304:
9297:
9279:
9216:
9165:
9087:
9064:William Appleman Williams
9009:Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr.
8791:
8763:
8712:
8644:
8637:
8571:
8436:
8361:
8291:
8284:
8193:
8140:
8072:
7785:
7524:Bangladesh Liberation War
7514:1971 Sudanese coup d'état
7429:
7401:1969 Sudanese coup d'état
7389:1968 Peruvian coup d'état
7052:
6827:Arab Cold War (1952–1979)
6804:
6514:
6452:
6375:
6334:
6327:
6279:
6235:
6003:
5955:
5947:Legacy of Leonid Brezhnev
5822:
5711:
5605:
5483:
5367:
5240:
5187:
5159:
5107:
5054:
5016:
4973:
4942:Bulgarian Communist Party
4940:
4917:
4908:
4904:
4824:
4747:
4657:
4563:
4528:
4488:
4373:
4366:
4300:
4207:
4044:
4035:
3993:
3965:
3922:
3910:
3843:
3770:
3647:
3514:
3505:
3498:
3386:
3233:
3226:
3197:
3154:Organisational-party Work
3079:
3048:
2959:
2904:
2895:
2839:
2828:
2813:
2808:
2798:
2789:
2781:
2776:
2766:
2759:
2751:
2740:
2730:
2719:
2711:
2702:
2692:
2683:
2675:
2665:
2656:
2648:
2643:
2441:The Rise and Fall of the
2386:Reuters Archive Licensing
2248:Saeed, M. Yousuf (1985).
1814:28 September 2023 at the
1506:
1488:
1365:Order of Klement Gottwald
1176:Central Clinical Hospital
1108:" in the summer of 1984.
651:
573:1976–1985: Member of the
525:
517:
507:
499:
494:
482:
385:
374:
353:Anna Dmitrievna Lyubimova
344:
333:
322:
303:
285:
254:
249:
245:
233:
221:
209:
188:
176:
165:
158:
146:
142:Vasily Kuznetsov (acting)
132:
122:
111:
104:
92:
80:
69:
62:
58:
46:
37:
30:
9642:Kabul students' uprising
7839:1980 Turkish coup d'état
7674:Cambodian–Vietnamese War
7644:1978 Somali coup attempt
7604:Second Iraqi–Kurdish War
7569:1973 Chilean coup d'état
7394:Revolutionary Government
7288:South African Border War
7080:1960 Turkish coup d'état
6997:Iraqi 14 July Revolution
6852:1953 Iranian coup d'état
6832:1952 Egyptian revolution
5917:Cambodian–Vietnamese War
5907:1977 Soviet constitution
5161:Romanian Communist Party
3144:Light- and Food Industry
2644:Party political offices
1605:Jessup, John E. (1998).
1572:. Greenwood Publishing.
1566:Jessup, John E. (1998).
1401:
1396:Anna Dmitrevna Lyubimova
1394:. With his second wife,
1355:Order of Georgi Dimitrov
1291:Hero of Socialist Labour
1209:congestive heart failure
1182:, when Politburo member
850:covert listening devices
770:) on 24 September 1911.
313:congestive heart failure
304:Cause of death
38:
9350:Hezb-e Islami Gulbuddin
8044:Fall of the Berlin Wall
7989:People Power Revolution
7974:Central American crisis
7914:1986 Black Sea incident
7564:1973 Afghan coup d'état
7462:Western Sahara conflict
7273:1966 Syrian coup d'état
7196:1963 Syrian coup d'état
7139:Portuguese Colonial War
7102:First Iraqi–Kurdish War
6867:1954 Syrian coup d'état
6744:Annexation of Hyderabad
6687:1947–1949 Palestine war
2472:9 February 2023 at the
1259:Kremlin Wall Necropolis
1069:were due to be held in
835:In 1964, Soviet leader
683:, Chernenko joined the
605:1965–1982: Head of the
327:Kremlin Wall Necropolis
10002:Tobacco-related deaths
9912:People of the Cold War
9810:Afghanistan portal
9663:War in popular culture
9658:Soviet aircraft losses
9581:Battle of Maravar Pass
8338:Neoclassical economics
7849:Gulf of Sidra incident
7406:1969 Libyan revolution
7097:Iraqi–Kurdish conflict
6882:1954 Geneva Conference
6642:Turkish straits crisis
6637:Corfu Channel incident
5688:Volodymyr Shcherbytsky
5445:Volodymyr Shcherbytsky
5169:Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej
4892:Leaders of the ruling
3049:Decision-making bodies
2168:Karsh, Efraim (1991).
1546:1 January 2015 at the
1257:and was buried in the
1096:and allies, including
866:ideological Party work
830:CPSU Central Committee
817:
779:Soviet frontier guards
764:Novosyolovsky District
746:
9872:Deaths from emphysema
9867:Deaths from cirrhosis
9188:Russia–NATO relations
9069:Jonathan Reed Winkler
8353:Democratic capitalism
8348:Supply-side economics
8316:American conservatism
8115:Breakup of Yugoslavia
8004:Bougainville conflict
7919:South Yemen civil war
7854:Martial law in Poland
7717:Nicaraguan Revolution
7692:Dirty War (Argentina)
7499:1971 JVP insurrection
7313:Years of Lead (Italy)
7191:North Yemen civil war
7109:Berlin Crisis of 1961
7085:Albanian–Soviet split
7017:1959 Tibetan uprising
6982:Syrian Crisis of 1957
6837:Iraqi Intifada (1952)
6697:1948 Arab–Israeli War
5832:Collective leadership
5109:Polish Workers' Party
3213:Bolshevik / Kommunist
3174:Science and Education
3089:Administrative Organs
3056:Politburo / Presidium
2544:7 August 2022 at the
1807:Altman, Lawrence K.,
1055:international boycott
815:
802:correspondence course
773:Chernenko joined the
741:
599:1984–1985: Chairman,
518:Years of service
276:Yeniseysk Governorate
9997:Soviet border guards
9753:The Living Daylights
9739:Charlie Wilson's War
9611:Battle for Hill 3234
9455:Abdullah Yusuf Azzam
9409:Konstantin Chernenko
9362:Hezb-e Islami Khalis
8609:Non-Aligned Movement
8231:Peaceful coexistence
8185:North Borneo dispute
8100:German reunification
8095:Min Ping Yu No. 5202
7793:Salvadoran Civil War
7742:Grand Mosque seizure
7737:Yemenite War of 1979
7629:Mozambican Civil War
7584:Carnation Revolution
7539:Yemenite War of 1972
7477:1970 Polish protests
7308:1967 Hong Kong riots
7283:Argentine Revolution
7233:Guatemalan Civil War
7161:Cuban Missile Crisis
7075:Bay of Pigs Invasion
6947:1956 Poznań protests
6925:Geneva Summit (1955)
6527:Hukbalahap Rebellion
6506:Non-Aligned Movement
6271:Konstantin Chernenko
5985:Uzbek cotton scandal
5927:1980 Summer Olympics
5902:1977 Moscow bombings
5754:Konstantin Chernenko
5693:Konstantin Chernenko
5440:Konstantin Chernenko
5227:Konstantin Chernenko
4064:3rd (Apr.–Dec. 1905)
3780:7th (Jan.–Mar. 1919)
3023:Konstantin Chernenko
2944:Konstantin Chernenko
2176:. pp. 163–177.
1067:1984 Summer Olympics
670:led the Soviet Union
32:Konstantin Chernenko
9606:Operation Magistral
9571:Panjshir offensives
9561:Operation Storm-333
9554:Military operations
9475:Burhanuddin Rabbani
9460:Gulbuddin Hekmatyar
9429:Abdul Rashid Dostum
9424:Mohammad Najibullah
9054:Alex von Tunzelmann
9044:Vladimir Tismăneanu
8969:Thomas J. McCormick
8964:Jack F. Matlock Jr.
8864:Robert Hugh Ferrell
8727:Crusade for Freedom
8524:Illiberal democracy
8408:Ho Chi Minh Thought
8211:Eisenhower Doctrine
8064:Peaceful Revolution
8059:Romanian Revolution
8039:Revolutions of 1989
8024:1988 Polish strikes
7934:Operation INFEKTION
7929:1987 Lieyu massacre
7834:Eritrean Civil Wars
7817:Peruvian Revolution
7767:1979 Herat uprising
7757:Sino-Vietnamese War
7722:Uganda–Tanzania War
7702:Egyptian–Libyan War
7669:Third Indochina War
7664:Sino-Albanian split
7654:Ethiopian Civil War
7554:Eritrean Civil Wars
7494:Ping-pong diplomacy
7467:Cambodian Civil War
7293:Korean DMZ Conflict
7278:Cultural Revolution
7248:Dominican Civil War
7226:Tlatelolco massacre
7012:1959 Mosul uprising
7002:1958 Lebanon crisis
6729:Al-Wathbah uprising
6652:First Indochina War
6622:Iran crisis of 1946
5764:Eduard Shevardnadze
5744:Mikhail Solomentsev
5526:Eduard Shevardnadze
5521:Mikhail Solomentsev
5475:Eduard Shevardnadze
5455:Mikhail Solomentsev
5151:Mieczysław Rakowski
5146:Wojciech Jaruzelski
4825:Vice heads of state
4582:Workers' Opposition
4209:Auditing Commission
3499:Leadership sittings
2961:General Secretaries
2809:Sporting positions
2777:Government offices
2533:(4). Bonn: 357–375.
2371:, 18 November 1990.
2362:2 June 2024 at the
2076:The Washington Post
1747:The Washington Post
1375:Order of Sukhbaatar
1121:Svetlana Alliluyeva
870:Soviet Constitution
857:was used instead).
512:Soviet Armed Forces
40:Константин Черненко
21:Chernenko (surname)
9760:The Magic Mountain
9470:Abdul Rahim Wardak
9445:Ahmad Shah Massoud
9355:Maktab al-Khidamat
9208:Russian Revolution
9004:Mary Elise Sarotte
8989:William B. Pickett
8914:Patrick J. Hearden
8894:Gabriel Gorodetsky
8889:Timothy Garton Ash
8874:Anneli Ute Gabanyi
8469:Ethnic nationalism
8221:Hallstein Doctrine
8105:Yemeni unification
7894:1985 Geneva Summit
7859:Casamance conflict
7762:New Jewel Movement
7747:Iranian Revolution
7732:Chadian–Libyan War
7679:Cambodian conflict
7659:Lebanese Civil War
7649:Western Sahara War
7624:June 1976 protests
7619:Cambodian genocide
7384:17 July Revolution
7338:Nigerian Civil War
7253:Rhodesian Bush War
7238:Colombian conflict
7181:Ramadan Revolution
6920:Bandung Conference
6796:Operation Valuable
6677:Partition of India
5957:Events (1982–1985)
5892:Vladivostok Summit
5824:Events (1964–1982)
5653:Dinmukhamed Kunaev
5405:Dinmukhamed Kunaev
5275:Dragoslav Marković
5179:Nicolae Ceaușescu
4367:Wider organisation
4302:Control Commission
3915:Control Commission
3071:Control Commission
2993:Vyacheslav Molotov
2987:Nikolay Krestinsky
2368:The New York Times
2297:The New York Times
2223:The New York Times
2102:"Gorbachev Chosen"
2025:The New York Times
1949:The New York Times
1850:Taylor and Francis
1834:"The Russians Are
1779:The New York Times
1714:The New York Times
1615:on 10 October 2017
1345:Order of Karl Marx
1131:Chernenko started
1085:sentiments and an
1061:in protest at the
1014:, he negotiated a
853:sign documents, a
846:telephone wiretaps
818:
747:
744:Central Committee.
607:General Department
9839:
9838:
9630:Civilian protests
9591:Battles of Zhawar
9483:
9482:
9414:Mikhail Gorbachev
9380:
9379:
9273:Soviet–Afghan War
9239:
9238:
9226:List of conflicts
9074:Rudolph Winnacker
9019:Giles Scott-Smith
8994:Ronald E. Powaski
8949:Melvyn P. Leffler
8879:John Lewis Gaddis
8854:Robert D. English
8819:Warren H. Carroll
8809:Michael Beschloss
8778:Nuclear arms race
8759:
8758:
8665:Neues Deutschland
8567:
8566:
8549:White nationalism
8519:Liberal democracy
8256:Ulbricht Doctrine
8246:Brezhnev Doctrine
8054:Velvet Revolution
7798:Soviet–Afghan War
7614:Angolan Civil War
7411:Goulash Communism
7268:ASEAN Declaration
7221:Mexican Dirty War
7119:Annexation of Goa
7070:1960 U-2 incident
7044:Sino-Soviet split
7022:Laotian Civil War
6862:Bricker Amendment
6842:Mau Mau rebellion
6786:Malayan Emergency
6774:Chinese Civil War
6734:Tito–Stalin split
6588:Division of Korea
6412:
6411:
6408:
6407:
6004:Politburo members
5922:Soviet–Afghan War
5862:Brezhnev Doctrine
5816:Era of Stagnation
5782:
5781:
5769:Mikhail Gorbachev
5712:Candidate members
5703:Mikhail Gorbachev
5564:
5563:
5536:Vitaly Vorotnikov
5484:Candidate members
5450:Vitaly Vorotnikov
5385:Mikhail Gorbachev
5326:
5325:
5322:
5321:
5317:
5316:
5313:
5312:
5232:Mikhail Gorbachev
5212:Nikita Khrushchev
5131:Władysław Gomułka
5101:
5100:
4894:Communist parties
4859:
4858:
4703:
4702:
4612:United Opposition
4559:
4558:
4524:
4523:
4484:
4483:
4362:
4361:
4358:
4357:
4046:Central Committee
4031:
4030:
3906:
3905:
3845:Control Committee
3508:Central Committee
3494:
3493:
3227:National meetings
3222:
3221:
3099:Chemical Industry
3029:Mikhail Gorbachev
3005:Nikita Khrushchev
2950:Mikhail Gorbachev
2926:Nikita Khrushchev
2897:Central Committee
2856:
2855:
2840:Succeeded by
2799:Succeeded by
2770:Mikhail Gorbachev
2767:Succeeded by
2731:Succeeded by
2696:Mikhail Gorbachev
2693:Succeeded by
2669:Mikhail Gorbachev
2666:Succeeded by
2437:Dmitri Volkogonov
2414:. 11 March 1985.
2191:978-1-349-11484-9
2145:. 12 March 1985.
2142:Los Angeles Times
2110:. 12 March 1985.
1975:John Lewis Gaddis
1684:Chicago Tribune.
1515:
1285:Honors and awards
1275:Mikhail Gorbachev
1205:chronic emphysema
1157:John Lewis Gaddis
1005:Sergey Akhromeyev
982:the labour unions
912:Mikhail Gorbachev
837:Nikita Khrushchev
728:Mikhail Gorbachev
704:Central Committee
655:
654:
611:Central Committee
547:Central Committee
309:chronic emphysema
269:24 September 1911
205:
195:Mikhail Gorbachev
99:Mikhail Gorbachev
53:Chernenko in 1973
10009:
9829:
9828:
9819:
9818:
9808:
9807:
9806:
9704:Afghan Breakdown
9586:Badaber uprising
9450:Abdul Ali Mazari
9389:
9388:
9372:Ittehad i-Islami
9302:
9301:
9266:
9259:
9252:
9243:
9242:
8984:David S. Painter
8909:John Earl Haynes
8839:Nicholas J. Cull
8824:Adrian Cioroianu
8804:Thomas A. Bailey
8751:Voice of America
8642:
8641:
8554:White separatism
8534:Social democracy
8529:Guided democracy
8509:Authoritarianism
8459:Ultranationalism
8449:Anti-imperialism
8376:Marxism–Leninism
8289:
8288:
8276:Kinmen Agreement
8241:Johnson Doctrine
8226:Kennedy Doctrine
8142:Frozen conflicts
8125:1991 August Coup
8014:Afghan Civil War
7909:Reykjavík Summit
7904:Somali Rebellion
7844:Ugandan Bush War
7822:Gdańsk Agreement
7343:Protests of 1968
7323:War of Attrition
7032:Cuban Revolution
6968:We will bury you
6935:Cyprus Emergency
6915:Kashmir Princess
6905:Jebel Akhdar War
6754:Western betrayal
6439:
6432:
6425:
6416:
6415:
6332:
6331:
6328:National economy
5995:Friendship Games
5897:Helsinki Accords
5809:
5802:
5795:
5786:
5785:
5759:Nikolai Tikhonov
5749:Vasili Kuznetsov
5698:Nikolai Tikhonov
5668:Nikolai Podgorny
5638:Andrei Kirilenko
5591:
5584:
5577:
5568:
5567:
5541:Viktor Chebrikov
5531:Vladimir Dolgikh
5506:Vasili Kuznetsov
5460:Viktor Chebrikov
5425:Nikolai Tikhonov
5400:Andrei Kirilenko
5353:
5346:
5339:
5330:
5329:
5290:Milanko Renovica
5265:Dušan Dragosavac
5255:Stevan Doronjski
5174:Gheorghe Apostol
5105:
5104:
4993:Alexander Dubček
4983:Klement Gottwald
4955:Valko Chervenkov
4915:
4914:
4911:
4910:
4906:
4905:
4886:
4879:
4872:
4863:
4862:
4730:
4723:
4716:
4707:
4706:
4636:Anti-Party Group
4606:Right Opposition
4526:
4525:
4486:
4485:
4374:Republican-level
4371:
4370:
4042:
4041:
3920:
3919:
3512:
3511:
3503:
3502:
3446:11th (Dec. 1921)
3231:
3230:
3149:Machine Industry
3114:Defence Industry
3035:Vladimir Ivashko
2983:(Mar.–Dec. 1919)
2902:
2901:
2882:
2875:
2868:
2859:
2858:
2848:
2847:
2822:
2821:
2814:Preceded by
2782:Preceded by
2755:Andrei Kirilenko
2752:Preceded by
2712:Preceded by
2676:Preceded by
2649:Preceded by
2641:
2640:
2600:
2587:
2534:
2521:
2512:
2499:
2477:
2464:
2458:
2434:
2428:
2427:
2425:
2423:
2408:
2402:
2401:
2399:
2397:
2378:
2372:
2350:
2344:
2343:
2341:
2339:
2328:Chrudimský Deník
2319:
2313:
2312:
2310:
2308:
2288:
2282:
2281:
2279:
2277:
2254:Pakistan Horizon
2245:
2239:
2238:
2236:
2234:
2214:
2208:
2207:
2205:
2203:
2165:
2159:
2158:
2156:
2154:
2133:
2124:
2123:
2121:
2119:
2098:
2092:
2091:
2089:
2087:
2067:
2061:
2047:
2041:
2040:
2038:
2036:
2016:
2007:
2006:
2004:
2002:
1971:
1965:
1964:
1962:
1960:
1940:
1934:
1933:
1910:Post, Jerrold M.
1906:
1900:
1899:
1897:
1895:
1886:. 22 July 2020.
1880:
1874:
1873:
1871:
1869:
1829:
1823:
1822:, 25 March 1985.
1805:
1796:
1795:
1793:
1791:
1770:
1764:
1763:
1761:
1759:
1737:
1731:
1730:
1728:
1726:
1704:
1698:
1697:
1695:
1693:
1677:
1671:
1670:
1668:
1666:
1631:
1625:
1624:
1622:
1620:
1602:
1596:
1595:
1593:
1591:
1563:
1557:
1538:
1521:
1520:
1510:
1508:
1500:
1495:
1491:
1490:
1482:
1476:
1475:
1472:
1471:
1468:
1465:
1462:
1459:
1456:
1453:
1450:
1441:
1435:
1412:
1339:USSR State Prize
1170:for the mineral
1139:and right-sided
1106:Friendship Games
1065:. The following
984:, and reform in
960:
951:
931:Foreign Minister
924:Defense Minister
881:Brezhnev's death
768:Krasnoyarsk Krai
695:, serving under
643:
630:
495:Military service
490:
475:
469:
464:
459:
453:
448:
443:
438:
432:
427:
422:
417:
411:
406:
401:
368:
366:
292:
268:
266:
250:Personal details
236:
224:
214:
197:
191:
179:
170:
149:
135:
127:Vasily Kuznetsov
116:
95:
83:
74:
51:
41:
28:
27:
10017:
10016:
10012:
10011:
10010:
10008:
10007:
10006:
9992:Soviet atheists
9842:
9841:
9840:
9835:
9804:
9802:
9793:
9746:The Kite Runner
9697:The 9th Company
9682:Films about war
9677:
9646:
9637:3 Hoot uprising
9625:
9616:Operation Arrow
9549:
9479:
9433:
9399:Leonid Brezhnev
9376:
9338:Jamiat-e Islami
9321:
9293:
9285:Afghan conflict
9275:
9270:
9240:
9235:
9212:
9203:Second Cold War
9161:
9089:
9083:
9059:Odd Arne Westad
9049:Patrick Vaughan
9034:Athan Theoharis
9014:Ellen Schrecker
8999:Yakov M. Rabkin
8974:Timothy Naftali
8919:Tvrtko Jakovina
8904:Jussi Hanhimäki
8787:
8765:
8755:
8733:Paix et Liberté
8708:
8652:Active measures
8633:
8563:
8544:White supremacy
8504:Totalitarianism
8432:
8357:
8280:
8266:Reagan Doctrine
8261:Carter Doctrine
8201:Truman Doctrine
8189:
8136:
8068:
7963:Soviet reaction
7874:Ndogboyosoi War
7781:
7752:Saur Revolution
7579:1973 oil crisis
7544:Munich massacre
7452:Alcora Exercise
7447:Black September
7425:
7171:Sino-Indian War
7065:Simba rebellion
7048:
6892:Capture of the
6800:
6739:Berlin Blockade
6672:May 1947 crises
6662:Truman Doctrine
6627:Greek Civil War
6616:Blacklist Forty
6583:Gouzenko Affair
6570:Cursed soldiers
6522:Morgenthau Plan
6510:
6448:
6443:
6413:
6404:
6377:Five-year plans
6371:
6323:
6275:
6231:
6005:
5999:
5951:
5882:1973 oil crisis
5818:
5813:
5783:
5778:
5774:Tikhon Kiselyov
5739:Sharof Rashidov
5734:Boris Ponomarev
5707:
5673:Grigory Romanov
5618:Leonid Brezhnev
5601:
5595:
5565:
5560:
5551:Nikolai Talyzin
5516:Sharof Rashidov
5511:Boris Ponomarev
5501:Tikhon Kiselyov
5479:
5470:Nikolai Ryzhkov
5465:Yegor Ligachyov
5415:Grigory Romanov
5380:Leonid Brezhnev
5363:
5357:
5327:
5318:
5309:
5305:Milan Pančevski
5285:Vidoje Žarković
5250:Josip Broz Tito
5236:
5217:Leonid Brezhnev
5207:Georgy Malenkov
5183:
5155:
5141:Stanisław Kania
5121:Bolesław Bierut
5111:
5097:
5058:
5050:
5036:Walter Ulbricht
5012:
4988:Antonín Novotný
4969:
4950:Georgi Dimitrov
4936:
4900:
4890:
4860:
4855:
4820:
4743:
4734:
4704:
4699:
4653:
4618:Left-Right Bloc
4594:Left Opposition
4571:Ban on factions
4555:
4520:
4480:
4354:
4296:
4203:
4054:1st (1898–1903)
4037:
4027:
3989:
3961:
3914:
3911:Elected by the
3902:
3839:
3766:
3643:
3507:
3490:
3441:10th (May 1921)
3411:4th (Nov. 1907)
3406:3rd (Aug. 1907)
3382:
3218:
3193:
3075:
3044:
3011:Leonid Brezhnev
2955:
2932:Leonid Brezhnev
2891:
2886:
2852:
2850:Peter Ueberroth
2842:
2834:
2826:
2816:
2804:
2795:
2787:
2772:
2763:
2757:
2746:
2743:
2736:
2727:
2724:
2717:
2706:
2698:
2689:
2681:
2671:
2662:
2654:
2621:
2610:Zemtsov, Ilya.
2568:10.2307/1956397
2546:Wayback Machine
2486:
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2107:Chicago Tribune
2100:
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2017:
2010:
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1998:
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1972:
1968:
1958:
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1930:
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1635:Hough, Jerry F.
1632:
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1548:Wayback Machine
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1287:
1263:Lenin Mausoleum
1213:liver cirrhosis
1129:
1001:Nikolai Ogarkov
978:
977:
976:
975:
963:
962:
961:
953:
952:
927:Dmitriy Ustinov
897:
826:Leonid Brezhnev
810:
752:
736:
697:Leonid Brezhnev
675:Born to a poor
647:
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639:
626:
622:
615:
601:Defense Council
593:
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587:
586:
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530:
478:
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454:
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394:
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370:
367: 1944)
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334:Political party
317:liver cirrhosis
307:Combination of
294:
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9777:
9770:
9767:Peshavar Waltz
9763:
9756:
9749:
9742:
9735:
9728:
9721:
9718:All Costs Paid
9714:
9707:
9700:
9693:
9685:
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9676:
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9651:Related topics
9648:
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9633:
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9627:
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9624:
9623:
9618:
9613:
9608:
9603:
9598:
9596:Battle of Jaji
9593:
9588:
9583:
9578:
9576:Siege of Urgun
9573:
9568:
9566:Siege of Khost
9563:
9557:
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9542:
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9488:Events by year
9485:
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9467:
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9081:
9076:
9071:
9066:
9061:
9056:
9051:
9046:
9041:
9036:
9031:
9029:Timothy Snyder
9026:
9021:
9016:
9011:
9006:
9001:
8996:
8991:
8986:
8981:
8976:
8971:
8966:
8961:
8959:Vojtech Mastny
8956:
8954:Geir Lundestad
8951:
8946:
8944:Walter Laqueur
8941:
8939:Walter LaFeber
8936:
8931:
8926:
8921:
8916:
8911:
8906:
8901:
8896:
8891:
8886:
8881:
8876:
8871:
8869:André Fontaine
8866:
8861:
8856:
8851:
8846:
8841:
8836:
8831:
8826:
8821:
8816:
8811:
8806:
8801:
8799:Gar Alperovitz
8795:
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8789:
8788:
8786:
8785:
8780:
8775:
8769:
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8573:
8569:
8568:
8565:
8564:
8562:
8561:
8556:
8551:
8546:
8541:
8539:Third-Worldism
8536:
8531:
8526:
8521:
8516:
8511:
8506:
8501:
8496:
8491:
8486:
8481:
8476:
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8405:
8398:
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8373:
8367:
8365:
8359:
8358:
8356:
8355:
8350:
8345:
8340:
8335:
8330:
8328:Libertarianism
8325:
8320:
8319:
8318:
8308:
8306:Chicago school
8303:
8297:
8295:
8286:
8282:
8281:
8279:
8278:
8273:
8268:
8263:
8258:
8253:
8251:Nixon Doctrine
8248:
8243:
8238:
8233:
8228:
8223:
8218:
8213:
8208:
8203:
8197:
8195:
8194:Foreign policy
8191:
8190:
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8187:
8182:
8177:
8172:
8167:
8162:
8157:
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8146:
8144:
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8031:
8026:
8021:
8016:
8011:
8006:
8001:
7996:
7991:
7986:
7981:
7979:Operation RYAN
7976:
7971:
7966:
7956:
7951:
7946:
7941:
7936:
7931:
7926:
7921:
7916:
7911:
7906:
7901:
7896:
7891:
7886:
7884:Able Archer 83
7881:
7876:
7871:
7866:
7861:
7856:
7851:
7846:
7841:
7836:
7831:
7830:
7829:
7819:
7814:
7809:
7800:
7795:
7789:
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7783:
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7709:
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7699:
7694:
7689:
7681:
7676:
7671:
7666:
7661:
7656:
7651:
7646:
7641:
7636:
7634:Oromo conflict
7631:
7626:
7621:
7616:
7611:
7606:
7601:
7596:
7591:
7586:
7581:
7576:
7574:Yom Kippur War
7571:
7566:
7561:
7556:
7551:
7546:
7541:
7536:
7531:
7526:
7521:
7516:
7511:
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7501:
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7491:
7484:
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7459:
7454:
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7439:
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7427:
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7418:
7413:
7408:
7403:
7398:
7397:
7396:
7386:
7381:
7376:
7371:
7366:
7357:
7352:
7351:
7350:
7340:
7335:
7330:
7325:
7320:
7315:
7310:
7305:
7300:
7295:
7290:
7285:
7280:
7275:
7270:
7265:
7260:
7255:
7250:
7245:
7240:
7235:
7230:
7229:
7228:
7218:
7213:
7208:
7206:Aden Emergency
7203:
7198:
7193:
7188:
7183:
7178:
7173:
7168:
7163:
7158:
7157:
7156:
7151:
7146:
7136:
7131:
7126:
7124:Papua conflict
7121:
7116:
7111:
7106:
7105:
7104:
7094:
7093:
7092:
7082:
7077:
7072:
7067:
7062:
7056:
7054:
7050:
7049:
7047:
7046:
7041:
7040:
7039:
7029:
7027:Kitchen Debate
7024:
7019:
7014:
7009:
7004:
6999:
6994:
6989:
6987:Sputnik crisis
6984:
6979:
6971:
6964:
6959:
6957:Polish October
6954:
6949:
6944:
6937:
6932:
6927:
6922:
6917:
6912:
6907:
6902:
6897:
6889:
6884:
6879:
6874:
6869:
6864:
6859:
6857:Pact of Madrid
6854:
6849:
6844:
6839:
6834:
6829:
6824:
6819:
6814:
6812:Bamboo Curtain
6808:
6806:
6802:
6801:
6799:
6798:
6793:
6788:
6783:
6782:
6781:
6771:
6766:
6761:
6756:
6751:
6746:
6741:
6736:
6731:
6726:
6721:
6716:
6711:
6706:
6705:
6704:
6699:
6694:
6684:
6679:
6674:
6669:
6664:
6659:
6654:
6649:
6644:
6639:
6634:
6629:
6624:
6619:
6611:
6603:
6595:
6590:
6585:
6580:
6572:
6567:
6566:
6565:
6560:
6552:
6539:
6534:
6529:
6524:
6518:
6516:
6512:
6511:
6509:
6508:
6503:
6498:
6493:
6488:
6483:
6478:
6473:
6468:
6461:
6453:
6450:
6449:
6442:
6441:
6434:
6427:
6419:
6410:
6409:
6406:
6405:
6403:
6402:
6397:
6392:
6387:
6381:
6379:
6373:
6372:
6370:
6369:
6364:
6362:Food Programme
6359:
6354:
6349:
6344:
6338:
6336:
6329:
6325:
6324:
6322:
6321:
6316:
6314:Tikhonov's 1st
6311:
6306:
6301:
6296:
6291:
6285:
6283:
6277:
6276:
6274:
6273:
6268:
6263:
6257:
6252:
6241:
6239:
6233:
6232:
6230:
6225:
6220:
6215:
6210:
6205:
6200:
6195:
6190:
6185:
6180:
6175:
6170:
6165:
6160:
6155:
6150:
6145:
6140:
6135:
6130:
6125:
6120:
6115:
6110:
6105:
6100:
6095:
6090:
6085:
6080:
6075:
6070:
6065:
6060:
6055:
6050:
6045:
6040:
6035:
6033:
6032:
6031:
6026:
6021:
6016:
6011:
6001:
6000:
5998:
5997:
5992:
5987:
5982:
5980:Able Archer 83
5977:
5972:
5967:
5961:
5959:
5953:
5952:
5950:
5949:
5944:
5939:
5937:Exercise Zapad
5934:
5929:
5924:
5919:
5914:
5909:
5904:
5899:
5894:
5889:
5887:Fall of Saigon
5884:
5879:
5874:
5869:
5864:
5859:
5854:
5849:
5844:
5839:
5834:
5828:
5826:
5820:
5819:
5812:
5811:
5804:
5797:
5789:
5780:
5779:
5777:
5776:
5771:
5766:
5761:
5756:
5751:
5746:
5741:
5736:
5731:
5729:Pyotr Masherov
5726:
5724:Pyotr Demichev
5721:
5715:
5713:
5709:
5708:
5706:
5705:
5700:
5695:
5690:
5685:
5683:Dmitry Ustinov
5680:
5678:Mikhail Suslov
5675:
5670:
5665:
5660:
5658:Kirill Mazurov
5655:
5650:
5648:Fyodor Kulakov
5645:
5643:Alexei Kosygin
5640:
5635:
5633:Andrei Gromyko
5630:
5628:Viktor Grishin
5625:
5623:Andrei Grechko
5620:
5615:
5609:
5607:
5603:
5602:
5594:
5593:
5586:
5579:
5571:
5562:
5561:
5559:
5558:
5553:
5548:
5546:Sergey Sokolov
5543:
5538:
5533:
5528:
5523:
5518:
5513:
5508:
5503:
5498:
5496:Pyotr Demichev
5493:
5487:
5485:
5481:
5480:
5478:
5477:
5472:
5467:
5462:
5457:
5452:
5447:
5442:
5437:
5432:
5430:Dmitry Ustinov
5427:
5422:
5420:Mikhail Suslov
5417:
5412:
5407:
5402:
5397:
5395:Andrei Gromyko
5392:
5390:Viktor Grishin
5387:
5382:
5377:
5371:
5369:
5365:
5364:
5356:
5355:
5348:
5341:
5333:
5324:
5323:
5320:
5319:
5315:
5314:
5311:
5310:
5308:
5307:
5302:
5297:
5292:
5287:
5282:
5277:
5272:
5267:
5262:
5257:
5252:
5246:
5244:
5238:
5237:
5235:
5234:
5229:
5224:
5219:
5214:
5209:
5204:
5199:
5197:Vladimir Lenin
5193:
5191:
5185:
5184:
5182:
5181:
5176:
5171:
5165:
5163:
5157:
5156:
5154:
5153:
5148:
5143:
5138:
5133:
5128:
5123:
5117:
5115:
5102:
5099:
5098:
5096:
5095:
5090:
5085:
5080:
5075:
5070:
5064:
5062:
5052:
5051:
5049:
5048:
5043:
5041:Erich Honecker
5038:
5033:
5031:Otto Grotewohl
5028:
5022:
5020:
5014:
5013:
5011:
5010:
5005:
5000:
4995:
4990:
4985:
4979:
4977:
4971:
4970:
4968:
4967:
4965:Petar Mladenov
4962:
4957:
4952:
4946:
4944:
4938:
4937:
4935:
4934:
4929:
4923:
4921:
4909:
4902:
4901:
4889:
4888:
4881:
4874:
4866:
4857:
4856:
4854:
4853:
4847:
4841:
4835:
4828:
4826:
4822:
4821:
4819:
4818:
4812:
4806:
4800:
4794:
4788:
4782:
4776:
4770:
4764:
4758:
4751:
4749:
4748:Heads of state
4745:
4744:
4737:Heads of state
4733:
4732:
4725:
4718:
4710:
4701:
4700:
4698:
4697:
4692:
4687:
4682:
4677:
4672:
4667:
4661:
4659:
4655:
4654:
4652:
4651:
4645:
4639:
4633:
4627:
4621:
4615:
4609:
4603:
4600:Workers' Group
4597:
4591:
4588:Workers' Truth
4585:
4579:
4573:
4567:
4565:
4561:
4560:
4557:
4556:
4554:
4553:
4548:
4543:
4538:
4532:
4530:
4522:
4521:
4519:
4518:
4513:
4508:
4503:
4498:
4492:
4490:
4482:
4481:
4479:
4478:
4473:
4468:
4463:
4458:
4456:Transcaucasian
4453:
4448:
4443:
4438:
4433:
4428:
4423:
4418:
4413:
4411:Karelo-Finnish
4408:
4403:
4398:
4393:
4388:
4383:
4377:
4375:
4368:
4364:
4363:
4360:
4359:
4356:
4355:
4353:
4352:
4350:28th (1990–91)
4347:
4345:16th (1930–34)
4342:
4340:15th (1927–30)
4337:
4335:14th (1925–27)
4332:
4330:13th (1924–25)
4327:
4325:12th (1923–24)
4322:
4320:11th (1922–23)
4317:
4315:10th (1921–22)
4312:
4306:
4304:
4298:
4297:
4295:
4294:
4292:27th (1986–90)
4289:
4287:26th (1981–86)
4284:
4282:25th (1976–81)
4279:
4277:24th (1971–76)
4274:
4272:23rd (1966–71)
4269:
4267:22nd (1961–66)
4264:
4262:20th (1956–61)
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4242:16th (1930–34)
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4237:15th (1927–30)
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4232:14th (1925–27)
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4222:10th (1921–24)
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4189:26th (1981–86)
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4179:24th (1971–76)
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4174:23rd (1966–71)
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4141:
4139:15th (1927–30)
4136:
4134:14th (1925–27)
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4008:13th (1924–25)
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3999:
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3991:
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3985:14th (1925–27)
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3825:16th (1930–34)
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3820:15th (1927–30)
3817:
3815:14th (1925–27)
3812:
3810:13th (1924–25)
3807:
3805:12th (1923–24)
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3800:11th (1922–23)
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3757:27th (1986–90)
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3752:26th (1981–86)
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3747:25th (1976–81)
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3742:24th (1971–76)
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3737:23rd (1966–71)
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3732:22nd (1961–66)
3729:
3727:20th (1956–61)
3724:
3722:19th (1952–56)
3719:
3717:18th (1939–52)
3714:
3712:17th (1934–39)
3709:
3707:16th (1930–34)
3704:
3702:15th (1927–30)
3699:
3697:14th (1925–27)
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3692:13th (1924–25)
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3629:26th (1981–86)
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3624:25th (1976–81)
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3619:24th (1971–76)
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3614:23rd (1966–71)
3611:
3609:22nd (1961–66)
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3604:20th (1956–61)
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3599:19th (1952–56)
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3594:18th (1939–52)
3591:
3589:17th (1934–39)
3586:
3584:16th (1930–34)
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3579:15th (1927–30)
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3574:14th (1925–27)
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3569:13th (1924–25)
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3564:12th (1923–24)
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3559:11th (1922–23)
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3554:10th (1921–22)
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1040:Erich Honecker
1012:foreign policy
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8032:
8030:
8027:
8025:
8022:
8020:
8017:
8015:
8012:
8010:
8007:
8005:
8002:
8000:
7997:
7995:
7992:
7990:
7987:
7985:
7982:
7980:
7977:
7975:
7972:
7970:
7967:
7964:
7960:
7957:
7955:
7954:8888 Uprising
7952:
7950:
7947:
7945:
7942:
7940:
7937:
7935:
7932:
7930:
7927:
7925:
7922:
7920:
7917:
7915:
7912:
7910:
7907:
7905:
7902:
7900:
7899:Iran–Iraq War
7897:
7895:
7892:
7890:
7887:
7885:
7882:
7880:
7877:
7875:
7872:
7870:
7867:
7865:
7864:Falklands War
7862:
7860:
7857:
7855:
7852:
7850:
7847:
7845:
7842:
7840:
7837:
7835:
7832:
7828:
7825:
7824:
7823:
7820:
7818:
7815:
7813:
7810:
7808:
7804:
7801:
7799:
7796:
7794:
7791:
7790:
7788:
7784:
7778:
7775:
7773:
7770:
7768:
7765:
7763:
7760:
7758:
7755:
7753:
7750:
7748:
7745:
7743:
7740:
7738:
7735:
7733:
7730:
7728:
7727:NDF Rebellion
7725:
7723:
7720:
7718:
7715:
7713:
7710:
7708:
7707:German Autumn
7705:
7703:
7700:
7698:
7695:
7693:
7690:
7688:
7687:
7682:
7680:
7677:
7675:
7672:
7670:
7667:
7665:
7662:
7660:
7657:
7655:
7652:
7650:
7647:
7645:
7642:
7640:
7637:
7635:
7632:
7630:
7627:
7625:
7622:
7620:
7617:
7615:
7612:
7610:
7607:
7605:
7602:
7600:
7597:
7595:
7594:Metapolitefsi
7592:
7590:
7587:
7585:
7582:
7580:
7577:
7575:
7572:
7570:
7567:
7565:
7562:
7560:
7557:
7555:
7552:
7550:
7547:
7545:
7542:
7540:
7537:
7535:
7532:
7530:
7527:
7525:
7522:
7520:
7517:
7515:
7512:
7510:
7507:
7505:
7502:
7500:
7497:
7495:
7492:
7490:
7489:
7485:
7483:
7480:
7478:
7475:
7473:
7470:
7468:
7465:
7463:
7460:
7458:
7455:
7453:
7450:
7448:
7445:
7443:
7440:
7438:
7435:
7434:
7432:
7428:
7422:
7419:
7417:
7414:
7412:
7409:
7407:
7404:
7402:
7399:
7395:
7392:
7391:
7390:
7387:
7385:
7382:
7380:
7377:
7375:
7372:
7370:
7367:
7365:
7363:
7358:
7356:
7355:Prague Spring
7353:
7349:
7346:
7345:
7344:
7341:
7339:
7336:
7334:
7333:Al-Wadiah War
7331:
7329:
7326:
7324:
7321:
7319:
7316:
7314:
7311:
7309:
7306:
7304:
7301:
7299:
7298:12-3 incident
7296:
7294:
7291:
7289:
7286:
7284:
7281:
7279:
7276:
7274:
7271:
7269:
7266:
7264:
7261:
7259:
7256:
7254:
7251:
7249:
7246:
7244:
7241:
7239:
7236:
7234:
7231:
7227:
7224:
7223:
7222:
7219:
7217:
7214:
7212:
7209:
7207:
7204:
7202:
7199:
7197:
7194:
7192:
7189:
7187:
7184:
7182:
7179:
7177:
7174:
7172:
7169:
7167:
7164:
7162:
7159:
7155:
7152:
7150:
7147:
7145:
7142:
7141:
7140:
7137:
7135:
7132:
7130:
7127:
7125:
7122:
7120:
7117:
7115:
7112:
7110:
7107:
7103:
7100:
7099:
7098:
7095:
7091:
7088:
7087:
7086:
7083:
7081:
7078:
7076:
7073:
7071:
7068:
7066:
7063:
7061:
7058:
7057:
7055:
7051:
7045:
7042:
7038:
7035:
7034:
7033:
7030:
7028:
7025:
7023:
7020:
7018:
7015:
7013:
7010:
7008:
7005:
7003:
7000:
6998:
6995:
6993:
6990:
6988:
6985:
6983:
6980:
6978:
6977:
6972:
6969:
6965:
6963:
6960:
6958:
6955:
6953:
6950:
6948:
6945:
6942:
6938:
6936:
6933:
6931:
6928:
6926:
6923:
6921:
6918:
6916:
6913:
6911:
6908:
6906:
6903:
6901:
6898:
6896:
6895:
6890:
6888:
6885:
6883:
6880:
6878:
6877:Domino theory
6875:
6873:
6872:Petrov Affair
6870:
6868:
6865:
6863:
6860:
6858:
6855:
6853:
6850:
6848:
6845:
6843:
6840:
6838:
6835:
6833:
6830:
6828:
6825:
6823:
6820:
6818:
6815:
6813:
6810:
6809:
6807:
6803:
6797:
6794:
6792:
6789:
6787:
6784:
6780:
6777:
6776:
6775:
6772:
6770:
6767:
6765:
6762:
6760:
6757:
6755:
6752:
6750:
6749:Madiun Affair
6747:
6745:
6742:
6740:
6737:
6735:
6732:
6730:
6727:
6725:
6722:
6720:
6717:
6715:
6712:
6710:
6709:Marshall Plan
6707:
6703:
6700:
6698:
6695:
6693:
6690:
6689:
6688:
6685:
6683:
6680:
6678:
6675:
6673:
6670:
6668:
6665:
6663:
6660:
6658:
6655:
6653:
6650:
6648:
6645:
6643:
6640:
6638:
6635:
6633:
6630:
6628:
6625:
6623:
6620:
6618:
6617:
6612:
6610:
6609:
6604:
6602:
6601:
6596:
6594:
6591:
6589:
6586:
6584:
6581:
6579:
6578:
6573:
6571:
6568:
6564:
6561:
6559:
6558:
6553:
6551:
6550:
6545:
6544:
6543:
6540:
6538:
6535:
6533:
6530:
6528:
6525:
6523:
6520:
6519:
6517:
6513:
6507:
6504:
6502:
6499:
6497:
6494:
6492:
6489:
6487:
6484:
6482:
6479:
6477:
6474:
6472:
6469:
6467:
6466:
6462:
6460:
6459:
6458:United States
6455:
6454:
6451:
6447:
6440:
6435:
6433:
6428:
6426:
6421:
6420:
6417:
6401:
6398:
6396:
6393:
6391:
6388:
6386:
6383:
6382:
6380:
6378:
6374:
6368:
6365:
6363:
6360:
6358:
6355:
6353:
6350:
6348:
6345:
6343:
6340:
6339:
6337:
6333:
6330:
6326:
6320:
6317:
6315:
6312:
6310:
6307:
6305:
6302:
6300:
6297:
6295:
6292:
6290:
6289:Kosygin's 1st
6287:
6286:
6284:
6282:
6278:
6272:
6269:
6267:
6266:Yuri Andropov
6264:
6261:
6258:
6256:
6253:
6251:
6247:
6243:
6242:
6240:
6238:
6234:
6229:
6226:
6224:
6221:
6219:
6216:
6214:
6211:
6209:
6206:
6204:
6201:
6199:
6196:
6194:
6191:
6189:
6186:
6184:
6181:
6179:
6176:
6174:
6171:
6169:
6166:
6164:
6161:
6159:
6156:
6154:
6151:
6149:
6146:
6144:
6141:
6139:
6136:
6134:
6131:
6129:
6126:
6124:
6121:
6119:
6116:
6114:
6111:
6109:
6106:
6104:
6101:
6099:
6096:
6094:
6091:
6089:
6086:
6084:
6081:
6079:
6076:
6074:
6071:
6069:
6066:
6064:
6061:
6059:
6056:
6054:
6051:
6049:
6046:
6044:
6041:
6039:
6036:
6034:
6030:
6027:
6025:
6022:
6020:
6017:
6015:
6012:
6010:
6007:
6006:
6002:
5996:
5993:
5991:
5988:
5986:
5983:
5981:
5978:
5976:
5973:
5971:
5968:
5966:
5963:
5962:
5960:
5958:
5954:
5948:
5945:
5943:
5940:
5938:
5935:
5933:
5930:
5928:
5925:
5923:
5920:
5918:
5915:
5913:
5910:
5908:
5905:
5903:
5900:
5898:
5895:
5893:
5890:
5888:
5885:
5883:
5880:
5878:
5875:
5873:
5870:
5868:
5865:
5863:
5860:
5858:
5855:
5853:
5850:
5848:
5847:Prague Spring
5845:
5843:
5840:
5838:
5835:
5833:
5830:
5829:
5827:
5825:
5821:
5817:
5810:
5805:
5803:
5798:
5796:
5791:
5790:
5787:
5775:
5772:
5770:
5767:
5765:
5762:
5760:
5757:
5755:
5752:
5750:
5747:
5745:
5742:
5740:
5737:
5735:
5732:
5730:
5727:
5725:
5722:
5720:
5719:Heydar Aliyev
5717:
5716:
5714:
5710:
5704:
5701:
5699:
5696:
5694:
5691:
5689:
5686:
5684:
5681:
5679:
5676:
5674:
5671:
5669:
5666:
5664:
5661:
5659:
5656:
5654:
5651:
5649:
5646:
5644:
5641:
5639:
5636:
5634:
5631:
5629:
5626:
5624:
5621:
5619:
5616:
5614:
5613:Yuri Andropov
5611:
5610:
5608:
5604:
5599:
5592:
5587:
5585:
5580:
5578:
5573:
5572:
5569:
5557:
5556:Boris Yeltsin
5554:
5552:
5549:
5547:
5544:
5542:
5539:
5537:
5534:
5532:
5529:
5527:
5524:
5522:
5519:
5517:
5514:
5512:
5509:
5507:
5504:
5502:
5499:
5497:
5494:
5492:
5491:Heydar Aliyev
5489:
5488:
5486:
5482:
5476:
5473:
5471:
5468:
5466:
5463:
5461:
5458:
5456:
5453:
5451:
5448:
5446:
5443:
5441:
5438:
5436:
5435:Heydar Aliyev
5433:
5431:
5428:
5426:
5423:
5421:
5418:
5416:
5413:
5411:
5408:
5406:
5403:
5401:
5398:
5396:
5393:
5391:
5388:
5386:
5383:
5381:
5378:
5376:
5375:Yuri Andropov
5373:
5372:
5370:
5366:
5361:
5354:
5349:
5347:
5342:
5340:
5335:
5334:
5331:
5306:
5303:
5301:
5298:
5296:
5293:
5291:
5288:
5286:
5283:
5281:
5278:
5276:
5273:
5271:
5270:Mitja Ribičič
5268:
5266:
5263:
5261:
5258:
5256:
5253:
5251:
5248:
5247:
5245:
5243:
5239:
5233:
5230:
5228:
5225:
5223:
5222:Yuri Andropov
5220:
5218:
5215:
5213:
5210:
5208:
5205:
5203:
5202:Joseph Stalin
5200:
5198:
5195:
5194:
5192:
5190:
5186:
5180:
5177:
5175:
5172:
5170:
5167:
5166:
5164:
5162:
5158:
5152:
5149:
5147:
5144:
5142:
5139:
5137:
5136:Edward Gierek
5134:
5132:
5129:
5127:
5124:
5122:
5119:
5118:
5116:
5114:
5110:
5106:
5103:
5094:
5091:
5089:
5086:
5084:
5081:
5079:
5076:
5074:
5071:
5069:
5068:Mátyás Rákosi
5066:
5065:
5063:
5061:
5057:
5053:
5047:
5044:
5042:
5039:
5037:
5034:
5032:
5029:
5027:
5026:Wilhelm Pieck
5024:
5023:
5021:
5019:
5015:
5009:
5008:Karel Urbánek
5006:
5004:
5001:
4999:
4996:
4994:
4991:
4989:
4986:
4984:
4981:
4980:
4978:
4976:
4972:
4966:
4963:
4961:
4960:Todor Zhivkov
4958:
4956:
4953:
4951:
4948:
4947:
4945:
4943:
4939:
4933:
4930:
4928:
4925:
4924:
4922:
4920:
4916:
4913:
4912:
4907:
4903:
4899:
4895:
4887:
4882:
4880:
4875:
4873:
4868:
4867:
4864:
4851:
4848:
4845:
4842:
4839:
4836:
4833:
4830:
4829:
4827:
4823:
4816:
4813:
4810:
4807:
4804:
4801:
4798:
4795:
4792:
4789:
4786:
4783:
4780:
4777:
4774:
4771:
4768:
4765:
4762:
4759:
4756:
4753:
4752:
4750:
4746:
4742:
4738:
4731:
4726:
4724:
4719:
4717:
4712:
4711:
4708:
4696:
4693:
4691:
4688:
4686:
4683:
4681:
4678:
4676:
4673:
4671:
4668:
4666:
4663:
4662:
4660:
4656:
4649:
4646:
4643:
4640:
4637:
4634:
4631:
4628:
4625:
4622:
4619:
4616:
4613:
4610:
4607:
4604:
4601:
4598:
4595:
4592:
4589:
4586:
4583:
4580:
4577:
4574:
4572:
4569:
4568:
4566:
4562:
4552:
4549:
4547:
4544:
4542:
4539:
4537:
4534:
4533:
4531:
4527:
4517:
4514:
4512:
4509:
4507:
4504:
4502:
4499:
4497:
4494:
4493:
4491:
4487:
4477:
4474:
4472:
4469:
4467:
4464:
4462:
4459:
4457:
4454:
4452:
4449:
4447:
4444:
4442:
4439:
4437:
4434:
4432:
4429:
4427:
4424:
4422:
4419:
4417:
4414:
4412:
4409:
4407:
4404:
4402:
4399:
4397:
4394:
4392:
4389:
4387:
4384:
4382:
4379:
4378:
4376:
4372:
4369:
4365:
4351:
4348:
4346:
4343:
4341:
4338:
4336:
4333:
4331:
4328:
4326:
4323:
4321:
4318:
4316:
4313:
4311:
4310:9th (1920–21)
4308:
4307:
4305:
4303:
4299:
4293:
4290:
4288:
4285:
4283:
4280:
4278:
4275:
4273:
4270:
4268:
4265:
4263:
4260:
4258:
4255:
4253:
4250:
4248:
4245:
4243:
4240:
4238:
4235:
4233:
4230:
4228:
4225:
4223:
4220:
4218:
4217:8th (1919–21)
4215:
4214:
4212:
4210:
4206:
4200:
4197:
4195:
4192:
4190:
4187:
4185:
4182:
4180:
4177:
4175:
4172:
4170:
4167:
4165:
4162:
4160:
4157:
4155:
4152:
4150:
4147:
4145:
4142:
4140:
4137:
4135:
4132:
4130:
4127:
4125:
4122:
4120:
4117:
4115:
4112:
4110:
4109:9th (1920–21)
4107:
4105:
4104:8th (1919–20)
4102:
4100:
4099:7th (1918–19)
4097:
4095:
4094:6th (1917–18)
4092:
4090:
4087:
4085:
4082:
4080:
4079:5th (1907–12)
4077:
4075:
4074:4th (1906–07)
4072:
4070:
4067:
4065:
4062:
4060:
4059:2nd (1903–05)
4057:
4055:
4052:
4051:
4049:
4047:
4043:
4040:
4034:
4024:
4021:
4019:
4016:
4014:
4011:
4009:
4006:
4004:
4001:
4000:
3998:
3996:
3992:
3986:
3983:
3981:
3978:
3976:
3973:
3972:
3970:
3968:
3964:
3958:
3955:
3953:
3950:
3948:
3945:
3943:
3940:
3938:
3935:
3933:
3930:
3929:
3927:
3925:
3921:
3918:
3916:
3909:
3899:
3896:
3894:
3891:
3889:
3886:
3884:
3881:
3879:
3876:
3874:
3871:
3869:
3866:
3864:
3861:
3859:
3856:
3854:
3851:
3850:
3848:
3846:
3842:
3836:
3833:
3831:
3828:
3826:
3823:
3821:
3818:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3798:
3796:
3793:
3791:
3790:9th (1920–21)
3788:
3786:
3785:8th (1919–20)
3783:
3781:
3778:
3777:
3775:
3773:
3769:
3763:
3760:
3758:
3755:
3753:
3750:
3748:
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3743:
3740:
3738:
3735:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3723:
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3718:
3715:
3713:
3710:
3708:
3705:
3703:
3700:
3698:
3695:
3693:
3690:
3688:
3685:
3683:
3680:
3678:
3675:
3673:
3672:9th (1920–21)
3670:
3668:
3667:8th (1919–20)
3665:
3663:
3662:7th (1918–19)
3660:
3658:
3657:6th (1917–18)
3655:
3654:
3652:
3650:
3646:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3632:
3630:
3627:
3625:
3622:
3620:
3617:
3615:
3612:
3610:
3607:
3605:
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3600:
3597:
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3592:
3590:
3587:
3585:
3582:
3580:
3577:
3575:
3572:
3570:
3567:
3565:
3562:
3560:
3557:
3555:
3552:
3550:
3549:9th (1920–21)
3547:
3545:
3544:8th (1919–20)
3542:
3540:
3539:7th (1918–19)
3537:
3535:
3534:6th (1917–18)
3532:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3522:
3521:
3519:
3517:
3513:
3510:
3504:
3501:
3497:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3393:
3391:
3389:
3385:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3240:
3238:
3236:
3232:
3229:
3225:
3215:
3214:
3210:
3208:
3207:
3203:
3202:
3200:
3196:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3139:International
3137:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3086:
3084:
3082:
3078:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3053:
3051:
3047:
3040:
3036:
3033:
3030:
3027:
3024:
3021:
3018:
3017:Yuri Andropov
3015:
3012:
3009:
3006:
3003:
3000:
2999:Joseph Stalin
2997:
2994:
2991:
2988:
2985:
2982:
2981:Elena Stasova
2979:
2976:
2973:
2970:
2969:Elena Stasova
2967:
2966:
2964:
2962:
2958:
2951:
2948:
2945:
2942:
2939:
2938:Yuri Andropov
2936:
2933:
2930:
2927:
2924:
2921:
2920:Joseph Stalin
2918:
2915:
2912:
2911:
2909:
2907:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2894:
2890:
2883:
2878:
2876:
2871:
2869:
2864:
2863:
2860:
2851:
2846:
2837:
2833:
2832:
2825:
2820:
2812:
2807:
2803:
2794:
2793:
2786:
2785:Yuri Andropov
2780:
2775:
2771:
2762:
2756:
2750:
2745:
2739:
2735:
2734:Yuri Andropov
2726:
2723:
2716:
2710:
2705:
2701:
2697:
2688:
2687:
2680:
2679:Yuri Andropov
2674:
2670:
2661:
2660:
2653:
2652:Yuri Andropov
2647:
2642:
2637:by Chernenko.
2636:
2635:
2631:
2629:by Chernenko.
2628:
2627:
2623:
2622:
2613:
2609:
2606:
2602:
2599:(2): 131–161.
2598:
2594:
2589:
2585:
2581:
2577:
2573:
2569:
2565:
2561:
2557:
2556:
2550:
2547:
2543:
2540:
2536:
2532:
2528:
2527:Aussenpolitik
2523:
2519:
2514:
2510:
2506:
2501:
2497:
2493:
2488:
2487:
2475:
2471:
2468:
2463:
2457:
2456:9780006388180
2453:
2449:
2448:HarperCollins
2445:
2444:
2443:Soviet Empire
2438:
2433:
2417:
2413:
2407:
2391:
2387:
2383:
2377:
2370:
2369:
2365:
2361:
2358:
2354:
2349:
2333:
2329:
2325:
2318:
2302:
2298:
2294:
2287:
2271:
2267:
2263:
2259:
2255:
2251:
2244:
2228:
2224:
2220:
2213:
2197:
2193:
2187:
2183:
2179:
2175:
2171:
2164:
2148:
2144:
2143:
2138:
2132:
2130:
2113:
2109:
2108:
2103:
2097:
2081:
2077:
2073:
2066:
2060:
2056:
2053:. (page 72).
2052:
2046:
2030:
2026:
2022:
2015:
2013:
1996:
1992:
1986:
1982:
1981:
1976:
1970:
1954:
1950:
1946:
1939:
1931:
1929:0-8014-4169-2
1925:
1921:
1917:
1916:
1911:
1905:
1889:
1885:
1879:
1863:
1859:
1855:
1851:
1847:
1843:
1839:
1837:
1828:
1821:
1817:
1813:
1810:
1804:
1802:
1785:
1781:
1780:
1775:
1769:
1753:
1749:
1748:
1743:
1736:
1720:
1716:
1715:
1710:
1703:
1687:
1683:
1676:
1660:
1656:
1654:0-8157-3748-3
1650:
1646:
1642:
1641:
1636:
1630:
1614:
1610:
1609:
1601:
1585:
1581:
1579:9780313281129
1575:
1571:
1570:
1562:
1555:
1554:
1549:
1545:
1542:
1537:
1533:
1519:
1513:
1504:
1499:
1485:
1484:
1474:
1440:
1433:
1429:
1426: and the
1425:
1421:
1417:
1411:
1407:
1399:
1397:
1393:
1386:Personal life
1380:
1376:
1373:
1370:
1366:
1363:
1360:
1356:
1353:
1350:
1346:
1343:
1340:
1337:
1334:
1331:
1328:
1325:
1322:
1319:
1316:
1313:
1310:
1307:
1304:
1301:
1298:
1295:
1292:
1289:
1288:
1282:
1278:
1276:
1270:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1255:state funeral
1251:
1249:
1248:Ronald Reagan
1244:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1188:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1164:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1141:heart failure
1138:
1134:
1124:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1109:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1051:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1008:
1006:
1002:
999:
995:
991:
987:
983:
973:
969:
959:
950:
941:
939:
935:
932:
928:
925:
921:
915:
913:
909:
905:
901:
900:Yuri Andropov
892:
890:
889:Yuri Andropov
886:
882:
877:
875:
871:
867:
862:
858:
856:
851:
847:
843:
838:
833:
831:
827:
823:
814:
805:
803:
799:
795:
790:
788:
784:
780:
776:
771:
769:
765:
761:
757:
745:
740:
731:
729:
724:
720:
716:
715:Yuri Andropov
711:
709:
705:
700:
698:
694:
690:
686:
682:
678:
673:
671:
668:. He briefly
667:
663:
659:
650:
642:
638:
635:
633:
629:
625:
624:
621:
620:
612:
608:
604:
602:
598:
595:
594:
583:
580:
576:
572:
570:
567:
563:
561:
558:
554:
550:
548:
545:
541:
537:
533:
532:
524:
520:
516:
513:
510:
506:
502:
498:
493:
489:
485:
481:
474:
468:
463:
458:
452:
447:
442:
437:
431:
426:
421:
416:
410:
405:
400:
396:
395:
388:
384:
381:
378:4, including
377:
373:
354:
347:
343:
339:
336:
332:
328:
325:
323:Resting place
321:
318:
314:
310:
306:
302:
298:
289:10 March 1985
288:
284:
281:
277:
273:
257:
253:
248:
244:
241:
240:Yuri Andropov
238:
232:
229:
226:
220:
213:
208:
203:
202:
196:
193:
187:
184:
183:Yuri Andropov
181:
175:
169:
164:
161:
157:
154:
151:
145:
140:
139:Yuri Andropov
137:
131:
128:
125:
121:
115:
110:
107:
103:
100:
97:
91:
88:
87:Yuri Andropov
85:
79:
73:
68:
65:
61:
57:
50:
45:
36:
29:
26:
22:
9801:
9786:
9779:
9772:
9765:
9758:
9751:
9744:
9737:
9730:
9723:
9716:
9709:
9702:
9695:
9688:
9408:
9312:Soviet Union
9298:Belligerents
9283:Part of the
9198:Brinkmanship
9090:intelligence
8979:Marius Oprea
8929:Harvey Klehr
8859:Herbert Feis
8849:Willem Drees
8814:Archie Brown
8731:
8719:
8701:
8691:Trybuna Ludu
8689:
8682:
8678:Radio Moscow
8670:
8663:
8656:
8484:Anti-Zionism
8400:
8323:Keynesianism
8311:Conservatism
8175:Transnistria
8155:China-Taiwan
7812:Gera Demands
7685:
7486:
7361:
7166:El Porteñazo
7060:Congo Crisis
6975:
6910:Algerian War
6893:
6769:Western Bloc
6764:Eastern Bloc
6759:Iron Curtain
6615:
6607:
6599:
6576:
6556:
6548:
6465:Soviet Union
6463:
6456:
6270:
6193:Shevardnadze
6178:Shcherbytsky
6057:
5753:
5692:
5663:Arvīds Pelše
5606:Full members
5439:
5410:Arvīds Pelše
5368:Full members
5295:Boško Krunić
5260:Lazar Mojsov
5226:
5126:Edward Ochab
5088:Károly Grósz
4998:Gustáv Husák
4898:Eastern Bloc
4802:
4741:Soviet Union
4529:Other organs
4446:Russian SFSR
4391:Byelorussian
3211:
3204:
3198:Publications
3104:Construction
3041:, Aug. 1991)
3038:
3022:
2943:
2829:
2790:
2760:
2741:
2720:
2703:
2684:
2657:
2633:
2625:
2611:
2604:
2596:
2592:
2559:
2553:
2530:
2526:
2517:
2508:
2504:
2495:
2491:
2462:
2440:
2432:
2422:23 September
2420:. Retrieved
2406:
2396:23 September
2394:. Retrieved
2385:
2376:
2366:
2353:Maureen Dowd
2348:
2336:. Retrieved
2327:
2317:
2305:. Retrieved
2296:
2286:
2274:. Retrieved
2257:
2253:
2243:
2231:. Retrieved
2222:
2212:
2200:. Retrieved
2173:
2163:
2151:. Retrieved
2140:
2116:. Retrieved
2105:
2096:
2084:. Retrieved
2075:
2065:
2050:
2045:
2035:15 September
2033:. Retrieved
2024:
1999:. Retrieved
1979:
1969:
1957:. Retrieved
1948:
1938:
1914:
1904:
1892:. Retrieved
1878:
1866:. Retrieved
1845:
1841:
1835:
1827:
1819:
1788:. Retrieved
1777:
1768:
1756:. Retrieved
1745:
1735:
1723:. Retrieved
1712:
1702:
1690:. Retrieved
1675:
1663:. Retrieved
1639:
1629:
1617:. Retrieved
1613:the original
1607:
1600:
1588:. Retrieved
1568:
1561:
1551:
1536:
1439:
1431:
1423:
1410:
1389:
1349:East Germany
1279:
1271:
1267:Kremlin wall
1252:
1245:
1237:East Germany
1189:
1180:Russian SFSR
1165:
1155:. Historian
1130:
1119:'s daughter
1110:
1091:Eastern Bloc
1083:chauvinistic
1052:
1048:Neil Kinnock
1044:Labour Party
1032:West Germany
1009:
979:
916:
898:
878:
863:
859:
834:
819:
791:
787:propagandist
772:
760:Bolshaya Tes
753:
712:
701:
674:
657:
656:
640:
627:
617:
503:Soviet Union
297:Russian SFSR
291:(1985-03-10)
272:Bolshaya Tes
235:Succeeded by
211:
199:
190:Succeeded by
167:
148:Succeeded by
113:
94:Succeeded by
71:
25:
9857:1985 deaths
9852:1911 births
9024:Shen Zhihua
8834:Michael Cox
8766:competition
8713:Pro-Western
8703:Soviet Life
8629:Safari Club
8599:Warsaw Pact
8454:Nationalism
8444:Imperialism
8343:Reaganomics
8206:Containment
7999:Perestroika
7488:Realpolitik
7318:Six-Day War
7303:Greek junta
7114:Berlin Wall
6962:Suez Crisis
6930:Vietnam War
6817:McCarthyism
6632:Baruch Plan
6577:Unthinkable
6537:Dekemvriana
6476:Warsaw Pact
6281:Governments
6203:Solomentsev
6143:Mzhavanadze
5842:Six-Day War
5600:(1976–1981)
5362:(1981–1986)
5300:Stipe Šuvar
5280:Ali Šukrija
5093:Rezső Nyers
5083:János Kádár
5003:Miloš Jakeš
4927:Enver Hoxha
4852:(1990–1991)
4846:(1988–1990)
4840:(1986–1988)
4834:(1977–1986)
4817:(1988–1991)
4811:(1985–1988)
4805:(1984–1985)
4799:(1983–1984)
4793:(1977–1982)
4787:(1965–1977)
4781:(1964–1965)
4775:(1960–1964)
4769:(1953–1960)
4763:(1946–1953)
4757:(1922–1946)
4489:Local-level
4386:Azerbaijani
3967:Secretariat
3649:Secretariat
3486:19th (1988)
3481:18th (1941)
3476:17th (1932)
3471:16th (1929)
3466:15th (1926)
3461:14th (1925)
3456:13th (1924)
3451:12th (1922)
3378:28th (1990)
3373:27th (1986)
3368:26th (1981)
3363:25th (1976)
3358:24th (1971)
3353:23rd (1966)
3348:22nd (1961)
3343:21st (1959)
3338:20th (1956)
3333:19th (1952)
3328:18th (1939)
3323:17th (1934)
3318:16th (1930)
3313:15th (1927)
3308:14th (1925)
3303:13th (1924)
3298:12th (1923)
3293:11th (1922)
3288:10th (1921)
3134:Information
3094:Agriculture
3081:Departments
3061:Secretariat
2607:pp 383–431.
2562:(4): 1277.
2492:World Today
2450:. p. 430. (
2260:(2): 3–18.
1959:10 February
1619:2 September
1541:"Chernenko"
1428:family name
1333:Lenin Prize
1087:anti-Soviet
1071:Los Angeles
1036:East German
920:triumvirate
783:Krasnoyarsk
758:village of
582:Secretariat
340:(1931–1985)
223:Preceded by
178:Preceded by
134:Preceded by
82:Preceded by
9846:Categories
9831:Multimedia
9438:Mujahideen
9326:Mujahideen
8792:Historians
8783:Space Race
8684:Rudé právo
8638:Propaganda
8494:Neo-Nazism
8464:Chauvinism
8418:Trotskyism
8333:Monetarism
8301:Liberalism
8293:Capitalism
8285:Ideologies
8236:Ostpolitik
7959:Solidarity
7924:Toyota War
7827:Solidarity
7684:Operation
7639:Ogaden War
7328:Dhofar War
7216:Shifta War
6974:Operation
6822:Korean War
6614:Operation
6606:Operation
6598:Operation
6575:Operation
6555:Operation
6547:Operation
6228:Vorotnikov
5046:Egon Krenz
4932:Ramiz Alia
4767:Voroshilov
4461:Turkestani
4436:Lithuanian
4036:Elected by
3436:9th (1920)
3431:8th (1919)
3426:7th (1917)
3421:6th (1912)
3416:5th (1908)
3401:2nd (1906)
3396:1st (1905)
3388:Conference
3283:9th (1920)
3278:8th (1919)
3273:7th (1918)
3268:6th (1917)
3263:5th (1907)
3258:4th (1906)
3253:3rd (1905)
3248:2nd (1903)
3243:1st (1898)
3169:Propaganda
2505:New Leader
2498:: 134–141.
2439:. (1998),
2059:0684834200
2001:15 October
1894:21 October
1868:28 January
1758:28 January
1725:28 January
1692:2 November
1665:15 October
1590:25 January
1528:References
1424:Ustinovich
1420:patronymic
1168:Kislovodsk
1145:bronchitis
1094:satellites
1075:California
1016:trade deal
990:propaganda
922:alongside
689:propaganda
679:family in
500:Allegiance
265:1911-09-24
9774:Rambo III
9732:Cargo 200
9725:The Beast
9711:Afghantsi
9465:Abdul Haq
9079:Ken Young
8924:Tony Judt
8773:Arms race
8746:Red Scare
8614:NN States
8559:Apartheid
8514:Autocracy
8423:Stalinism
8391:Guevarism
8381:Castroism
8371:Communism
8363:Socialism
7889:Star Wars
7482:Koza riot
6608:Beleaguer
6600:Masterdom
6400:11th plan
6395:10th plan
6163:Ponomarev
6158:Polyansky
6123:Kuznetsov
6098:Kirilenko
6078:Gorbachev
6058:Chernenko
6053:Chebrikov
5078:Imre Nagy
5073:Ernő Gerő
4832:Kuznetsov
4815:Gorbachev
4803:Chernenko
4644:(1990–91)
4632:(1932–33)
4614:(1926–27)
4608:(1924–33)
4602:(1923–30)
4596:(1923–27)
4590:(1921–23)
4584:(1920–21)
4578:(1919–21)
4564:Groupings
4471:Ukrainian
4441:Moldavian
3995:Collegium
3924:Presidium
3516:Politburo
3031:(1985–91)
3025:(1984–85)
3019:(1982–84)
3013:(1964–82)
3007:(1953–64)
3001:(1922–52)
2995:(1921–22)
2989:(1919–21)
2977:(1918–19)
2971:(1917–18)
2952:(1985–91)
2946:(1984–85)
2940:(1982–84)
2934:(1964–82)
2928:(1953–64)
2922:(1924–53)
2916:(1912–24)
2824:Jean Doré
2744:(Acting)
2725:(Acting)
2584:161571675
2276:28 August
2233:27 August
1512:romanized
1503:Ukrainian
1432:Chernenko
1229:Nicaragua
1197:cirrhosis
1193:hepatitis
1161:geriatric
1153:pneumonia
1137:emphysema
1113:Volgograd
1100:(but not
986:education
855:facsimile
842:Politburo
708:Politburo
677:Ukrainian
637:Gorbachev
569:Politburo
560:Politburo
521:1930–1933
483:Signature
345:Spouse(s)
212:In office
168:In office
114:In office
72:In office
9821:Category
9392:Alliance
9305:Alliance
9289:Cold War
9287:and the
9231:Timeline
9221:Category
9166:See also
8658:Izvestia
8499:Islamism
8396:Hoxhaism
8271:Rollback
8150:Abkhazia
8090:Gulf War
7994:Glasnost
7364:incident
7134:Sand War
6992:Ifni War
6501:Rio Pact
6446:Cold War
6390:9th plan
6385:8th plan
6260:Podgorny
6250:Brezhnev
6213:Tikhonov
6198:Shvernik
6183:Shelepin
6168:Rashidov
6153:Podgorny
6128:Masherov
6103:Kiselyov
6063:Demichev
6048:Brezhnev
6043:Andropov
4844:Lukyanov
4838:Demichev
4797:Andropov
4791:Brezhnev
4785:Podgorny
4773:Brezhnev
4761:Shvernik
4658:See also
4501:Okrugkom
4421:Khorezmi
4406:Georgian
4401:Estonian
4396:Bukharan
4381:Armenian
4038:Congress
3235:Congress
2542:Archived
2520:: 19–21.
2470:Archived
2416:Archived
2390:Archived
2360:Archived
2332:Archived
2301:Archived
2270:Archived
2266:41393726
2227:Archived
2196:Archived
2147:Archived
2112:Archived
2080:Archived
2029:Archived
1995:Archived
1977:(2005).
1953:Archived
1912:(2004).
1888:Archived
1862:Archived
1852:: 9–36.
1812:Archived
1784:Archived
1782:. 1985.
1752:Archived
1719:Archived
1686:Archived
1659:Archived
1637:(1997).
1584:Archived
1544:Archived
1379:Mongolia
1359:Bulgaria
1265:and the
1233:Pakistan
1149:pleurisy
1046:leader,
1028:Cold War
794:Agitprop
775:Komsomol
762:(now in
756:Siberian
719:Chairman
693:Moldavia
685:Komsomol
632:Andropov
392:See List
375:Children
329:, Moscow
295:Moscow,
201:de facto
9385:Leaders
8721:Amerika
8604:Comecon
8489:Fascism
8479:Zionism
8428:Titoism
7969:Contras
7437:Détente
6714:Comecon
6335:Reforms
6255:Kosygin
6237:Leaders
6223:Voronov
6218:Ustinov
6188:Shelest
6173:Romanov
6138:Mikoyan
6133:Mazurov
6118:Kulakov
6113:Kosygin
6093:Gromyko
6088:Grishin
6083:Grechko
6073:Efremov
6068:Dolgikh
5877:Détente
4896:of the
4850:Yanayev
4809:Gromyko
4779:Mikoyan
4755:Kalinin
4739:of the
4536:Statute
4516:Partkom
4466:Turkmen
4431:Latvian
4426:Kirghiz
3913:Central
3772:Orgburo
3124:General
3109:Culture
3066:Orgburo
2906:Leaders
2576:1956397
2484:Sources
2338:2 April
2307:2 April
2202:2 April
2153:2 April
2118:2 April
1514::
1133:smoking
1102:Romania
1057:of the
1038:leader
1024:détente
998:Marshal
972:Ustinov
968:Gromyko
750:Origins
721:of the
681:Siberia
609:of the
369:
361:
357:
8672:Pravda
8474:Racism
8413:Maoism
8165:Kosovo
7686:Condor
7362:Pueblo
7348:May 68
6976:Gladio
6894:Tuapse
6557:Jungle
6549:Priboi
6246:Troika
6208:Suslov
6108:Kunaev
6038:Aliyev
4650:(1991)
4638:(1957)
4626:(1932)
4620:(1930)
4511:Raikom
4506:Gorkom
4416:Kazakh
3206:Pravda
3039:acting
2582:
2574:
2511:: 3–5.
2454:
2264:
2188:
2086:26 May
2057:
1987:
1926:
1790:5 June
1651:
1576:
1418:, the
1392:Albert
1341:(1982)
1335:(1982)
1329:(1978)
1323:(1975)
1317:(1969)
1311:(1945)
1117:Stalin
938:eulogy
887:chief
879:After
662:Soviet
386:Awards
380:Albert
123:Deputy
9157:Stasi
8624:SAARC
8619:ASEAN
8584:SEATO
8437:Other
8402:Juche
8160:Korea
8073:1990s
7786:1980s
7430:1970s
7053:1960s
6805:1950s
6515:1940s
6496:NEATO
6491:SEATO
6481:ANZUS
6148:Pelše
4642:Soyuz
4496:Obkom
4476:Uzbek
4451:Tajik
3189:Women
2580:S2CID
2572:JSTOR
2262:JSTOR
1848:(1).
1479:cher-
1402:Notes
1225:Syria
1217:India
1020:China
1018:with
785:as a
363:(
359:
9545:1989
9540:1988
9535:1987
9530:1986
9525:1985
9520:1984
9515:1983
9510:1982
9505:1981
9500:1980
9495:1979
8697:TASS
8589:METO
8579:NATO
7805:and
7803:1980
7360:USS
6486:METO
6471:NATO
6367:1984
6357:1979
6352:1973
6347:1965
6342:OGAS
6244:The
6029:26th
6024:25th
6019:24th
6014:23rd
6009:22nd
5965:RYAN
2836:1980
2452:ISBN
2424:2023
2398:2023
2340:2022
2309:2022
2278:2022
2235:2022
2204:2022
2186:ISBN
2155:2022
2120:2022
2088:2022
2055:ISBN
2037:2012
2003:2016
1985:ISBN
1961:2017
1924:ISBN
1896:2022
1870:2024
1792:2018
1760:2024
1727:2024
1694:2021
1667:2016
1649:ISBN
1621:2017
1592:2022
1574:ISBN
1494:IPA:
1481:NENK
1239:and
1227:and
1221:Iraq
1211:and
1201:coma
1195:and
1172:spas
1151:and
1098:Cuba
988:and
929:and
848:and
579:26th
575:25th
566:25th
557:26th
553:25th
544:26th
540:25th
536:24th
338:CPSU
315:and
286:Died
255:Born
9152:KGB
9147:MVD
9132:MI6
9127:MI5
9122:CIA
8594:EEC
6319:2nd
6309:5th
6304:4th
6299:3rd
6294:2nd
2564:doi
2178:doi
1854:doi
1836:Not
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906:of
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