3735:
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2154:
2145:
2136:
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700:
3704:
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3614:
1806:
followed this policy, so contact between the Song and Dali was minimal. Song records show reluctance to engage with Dali directly in any way, even through the standard tributary relationship of vassal (Dali) and lord (Song). Because of Song officials’ wariness, Dali was only allowed to offer tribute at the Song court on three occasions. Their requests to offer tribute were repeatedly rejected on the grounds that they would cause trouble for Song, as
Nanzhao had for Tang.
3688:
81:
4943:
1969:. They had a son and a daughter, Duan Sengnu. their children were also called Duan Qiangna and Duan Bao. However the Mongols feared the power of Duan Gong and killed him. Duan Sengnu raised Duan Bao to take revenge against Basalawarmi for the killing of Duan Gong. A play was made based on these events. According to Yuan documents, the Duan family were originally
3613:
1998:
attack from
Sichuan, also fought against the Ming army. Duan Gong refused to surrender by writing to Fu Youde, making it clear that Dali could only be a tributary to the Ming. Fu Youde attacked and crushed Duan Gong's realm after a fierce battle. The Duan brothers were taken captive and escorted back
1835:
forced King Duan
Zhengming to relinquish the throne to him and renamed the Dali Kingdom to "Dazhong Kingdom". Gao Shengtai ruled briefly until his death in 1096, after which the throne was returned to the Duan family. Duan Zhengming's younger brother, Duan Zhengchun, became the new ruler and restored
1805:
Dali relations with the Song differed markedly from
Nanzhao-Tang relations. When the first Song emperor, Taizu, came to power, he declared that, in light of Tang difficulties in the Southwest, he would forfeit the Yue and Sui Commanderies and use the Dadu River as the border with Dali. His successors
1709:
Dali marble is famous throughout Asia and among collectors of gemstones all over the world. For a few square inches of
Shuimohuashi, a particularly precious type of marble, dealers in Hong Kong or Shanghai can charge up to $ 20,000. For more than 1,000 years Dali has been known as the town of marble;
2007:
Under the influence of
Chinese officials present from early times, the Dali elite used Chinese script supplemented by Bai characters, which were themselves constructed based on Chinese characters. The Dali court granted hereditary fiefs to pre-existing clan chiefs, in particular the Duan, Gao, Yang,
1821:
These horses possess a shape quite magnificent. They stand low with a muscular front, very similar to the shape of a chicken. The diaphragm is broad, shoulders thick, waist flat, and back round. They are trained to squat on their rear ends like a dog. They easily climb steep terrain on command and
1840:
The Gao of
Beisheng claimed descent from Gao Shengtai 高昇泰, who usurped the throne of the Dali kingdom c.1094 for approximately one year. According to the Yuan History, Gao Zhisheng 高智升 sent his grandson, Gao Dahui 高大惠, to administer the area after the fall of the Nanzhao kingdom. The Gao served as
1773:
Yuan records claim that the Dali kingdom’s Duan rulers originally came from Wuwei
Commandery in modern-day Gansu Province, but this is not confirmed by Song or Dali sources. A significant change from Nanzhao is apparent in Dali rulers’ naming practices, which generally do not follow the patronymic
1946:
which assigned ranks and posts to native chieftains. Under this institution of "rule based on native customs" the locals retained much of their autonomy with the exception of three obligations. One, they would provide surrendered troops to the Yuan government. Two, local chieftains would provide
2108:
Fan
Chengda (1126-1193) encountered a Dali trade mission and noted that they sought Chinese literature, medical texts, Buddhist scriptures, and dictionaries in return for horses. He marveled that "these people all possessed proper etiquette, and carried and recited Buddhist scriptural books."
1841:
the Native
Officials of Beisheng sub-prefecture for eleven generations during the Ming dynasty. The Ming appointed the first Gao Ce 高策 in recognition of his meritorious military service in 1389, and the eleventh Gao Shichang 高世昌 inherited the position of Vice Magistrate of rank four in 1630.
2008:
and Dong clans, to win over their support. Some administrative units were designated semi-autonomous military divisions. Similarly to the Nanzhao military, the Dali military consisted of a standing army, townsfolk peasant-soldiers and indigenous militia.
1910:(摩诃罗嵯), and the Duan imperial family continued to hold the title of Maharaja in Yunnan as vassals to the Mongols under the supervision of Borjigin imperial princes and Muslim governors. The Duan family reigned in Dali while the governors served in
3734:
1816:
Dali's primary importance to the Song dynasty was its horses, which were highly prized and sought after as military assets, especially after the fall of the Northern Song. They were described by a Song official in the following passage:
1930:
The Duan family governed Yunnan's various indigenous peoples for eleven generations until the end of Mongol rule. They willingly contributed soldiers to the Mongol campaign against the Song dynasty. In 1271, they aided the
1947:
tribute to the Yuan court. Three, they would follow the rules of appointment, succession, promotion, degradation, reward, and punishment of native chieftains created by the Yuan court.
1822:
possess both speed and agility in chase. They have been raised on bitter buckwheat, so they require little to maintain. How could a horse like this not be considered a good horse?
1793:
in 965 and voluntarily established tribute relations in 982. It was however essentially an independent state. At times the Song even declined offers of tribute. The Song founder
2062:
trace their ancestry to Nanzhao and the Dali Kingdom, but records from those kingdoms do not mention the Bai. The earliest references to "Bai people", or the "Bo", are from the
3675:
367:
353:
328:
314:
4220:. Istituto italiano per il Medio ed Estremo Oriente, Istituto italiano per l'Africa e l'Oriente. Istituto italiano per il medio ed estremo oriente. 1979. p. 295
4182:. Istituto italiano per il Medio ed Estremo Oriente, Istituto italiano per l'Africa e l'Oriente. Istituto italiano per il medio ed estremo oriente. 1979. p. 295
2081:
According to Stevan Harrell, while the ethnic identity of Nanzhao's ruling elite is still disputed, the subsequent Yang and Duan dynasties were both definitely Bai.
3718:
4729:
3471:
4254:
2120:
346:
333:
65:
5292:
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3183:
4524:
2047:
Extant sources from Nanzhao and the Dali Kingdom show that the ruling elite used Chinese script. The vast majority of Dali sources are written in
4988:
3377:
4352:. Vol. 4 of Selected Guide to Chinese Literature 1900-1949, Vol 4. European Science Foundation (illustrated ed.). BRILL. p. 126.
3563:
3389:
2964:
5282:
4401:
3099:
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2729:
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2620:
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1616:
1556:
319:
4151:
1801:
to be Dali territory and did not desire to pursue any further claims to avoid the Tang dynasty's disastrous efforts against Nanzhao.
5241:
3651:
2055:
for communication, but no attempt was made to standardize or popularize the script, and it remained an unofficial writing system.
5287:
4428:
3687:
4984:
3663:
1246:
4497:
4878:
4848:
4803:
4796:
Treatises of the Supervisor and Guardian of the Cinnamon Sea: The Natural World and Material Culture of Twelfth-Century China
4320:
4293:
3951:
3821:
1864:
in 1127, his adopted son (by concubine) named Zhizhi had escaped to Dali, changed his surname to Zhao, and assumed the title
1546:
1729:
1119:
1109:
1856:
According to a Vietnamese stone inscription, in 1096 a Dali magician was said to have plotted a conspiracy to murder King
1789:
Dali's relationship with the Song was cordial throughout its entire existence. Dali congratulated the Song dynasty on the
1774:
linkage system. This suggests that the Dali elites presented themselves as more “Chinese” than their Nanzhao counterparts.
4347:
2019:), the use of the same tall crowns, and taking Acuoye Guanyin as their tutelary deity. They also used the title emperor (
1588:
750:
4782:
4628:
4603:
4578:
4507:
4384:
4330:
4303:
4078:
4051:
4024:
3997:
3861:
740:
4215:
5234:
5164:
4822:
4653:
4374:
4264:
4105:
1417:
4073:. CHINA SOUTHEAST ASIA History (illustrated, reprint ed.). Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. p. 269.
4041:
4975:
4525:"Did Kublai Khan's conquest of the Dali Kingdom give rise to the mass migration of the Thai people to the south?"
4014:
3987:
1171:
17:
80:
4465:
4438:
4411:
4357:
1646:
1609:
1561:
530:
422:
4947:
4733:
2162:
2153:
2144:
2135:
1942:
was assigned by Kublai to stabilize Yunnan. He instituted a native chieftain system that came to be known as
1638:
1583:
1509:
1444:
550:
441:
2101:
as the state religion and many Dali kings continued the tradition. Ten of Dali's 22 kings retired to become
2031:
5115:
5003:
1519:
1885:
5277:
5120:
5068:
4177:
1571:
1328:
709:
5312:
5110:
5023:
5018:
5009:
4239:
4201:
3694:
1790:
1576:
31:
4153:
4152:
Istituto italiano per il Medio ed Estremo Oriente, Istituto italiano per l'Africa e l'Oriente (1991).
4128:
4095:
4068:
1693:
in 1382. Today the former capital of the Dali Kingdom is still called Dali in modern Yunnan Province.
1602:
1539:
1504:
1077:
773:
683:
4953:
4555:
1283:
1738:
1676:
1273:
922:
4455:
4433:. Vol. 0 of Titolo collana (2, illustrated ed.). Harvard University Press. p. 710.
1982:
1939:
1915:
1690:
1499:
5197:
5154:
4406:. Vol. 0 of Titolo collana (illustrated ed.). Harvard University Press. p. 710.
3631:
1551:
1529:
1514:
1000:
719:
463:
4621:
China's Encounters on the South and Southwest: Reforging the Fiery Frontier Over Two Millennia
3941:
3811:
5307:
4866:
4542:
1524:
941:
5207:
4928:
Between Winds and Clouds: The Making of Yunnan (Second Century BCE to Twentieth Century CE)
4915:
Between Winds and Clouds: The Making of Yunnan (Second Century BCE to Twentieth Century CE)
4902:
Between Winds and Clouds: The Making of Yunnan (Second Century BCE to Twentieth Century CE)
1995:
1566:
779:
561:
557:
541:
537:
8:
5302:
4968:
1705:. Famed for its high quality marble, Dali (dàlǐ 大理) literally means "marble" in Chinese.
731:
628:
5217:
3760:
5064:
4828:
4233:
4195:
1918:, the members of the Duan clan were scattered in various distant areas of China by the
1534:
714:
4874:
4844:
4818:
4799:
4778:
4649:
4624:
4599:
4574:
4503:
4471:
4461:
4434:
4407:
4380:
4353:
4326:
4299:
4260:
4101:
4074:
4047:
4020:
3993:
3947:
3857:
3817:
2048:
2040:
1462:
1030:
1010:
785:
610:
602:
512:
504:
109:
1902:
and received the surrender of Duan Xingzhi, who presented to Möngke in 1256 maps of
5149:
5144:
1141:
699:
691:
579:
483:
4871:
Language policy in the People's Republic of China: Theory and practice since 1949
4772:
4295:
Biographical Dictionary of Chinese Women, Volume II: Tang Through Ming 618 - 1644
3989:
Biographical Dictionary of Chinese Women, Volume II: Tang Through Ming 618 - 1644
2016:
121:
97:
4923:
4910:
4897:
2011:
The rulers of Dali continued the traditions of Nanzhao, such as the royal title
448:
429:
4961:
3709:
3638:. The entire work is 16.655 meters and is in three portions. Completed in 1176.
3623:
2994:
2980:
2102:
1919:
1043:
960:
250:
193:
181:
1973:
from Wuwei commandery, Gansu. Other Duan families also originated from Wuwei.
1891:
1753:
was overthrown in 902 and three dynasties followed in quick succession before
5271:
5171:
5089:
4832:
4475:
1962:
1734:
833:
800:
360:
277:
4924:"Chapter 5: Sinicization and Indigenization: The Emergence of the Yunnanese"
5255:
5202:
5094:
5074:
4774:
Goddess on the Frontier: Religion, Ethnicity, and Gender in Southwest China
4460:. Vol. 57 of Asian thought and culture. Peter Lang. pp. 11, 121.
3273:
2126:
2075:
2071:
2067:
2063:
2052:
1988:
1932:
1899:
1869:
1861:
1857:
1832:
1766:
1686:
1679:
but members of its former ruling house continued to administer the area as
1664:
1408:
1384:
1371:
1358:
1302:
1261:
1199:
913:
903:
880:
664:
656:
642:
586:
490:
254:
205:
125:
94:
4859:
The Lancang Guard and the Construction of Ming society in northwest Yunnan
1958:
5139:
4898:"Chapter 3: Military Campaigns against Yunnan: A Cross-Regional Analysis"
4791:
2637:
2419:
2305:
1970:
1966:
1873:
1762:
1754:
1315:
1186:
1020:
988:
975:
809:
169:
5049:
5028:
5013:
2059:
2036:
1798:
1794:
1067:
856:
4158:. Istituto italiano per il medio ed estremo oriente. pp. 157, 159
1733:
Gilt Silver Statue of Ganruda inlaid with crystal beads, found at the
451:
432:
5084:
4983:
4322:
Biographical Dictionary of Chinese Women: Tang Through Ming, 618-1644
4016:
Biographical Dictionary of Chinese Women: Tang Through Ming, 618-1644
3943:
The Cambridge History of China: Volume 7, The Ming Dynasty, 1368-1644
1758:
1702:
467:
4841:
Amid the Clouds and Mist China's Colonization of Guizhou, 1200–1700
2098:
1907:
135:
5079:
5044:
4596:
Education in Languages of Lesser Power: Asia-Pacific Perspectives
4593:
3725:
3085:
1951:
1911:
1750:
1210:
1061:
1055:
397:
393:
150:
4643:
3939:
1991:
dispatched 300,000 troops to crush the Yuan remnants in Yunnan.
5192:
5054:
4942:
3764:
3635:
3630:. Scroll, Ink and color on paper. 30.4 cm high. Located in the
2094:
2090:
1903:
1895:
1876:
with 3,000 Dali troops. However, he was defeated and executed.
1668:
1654:
1898:
in charge of invading Dali. In 1253 Kublai's army crossed the
1868:(peaceful king). When he learned that his older brother, King
5059:
1872:, had died in 1137, Zhizhi returned to Đại Việt and attacked
1672:
385:
4349:
A Selective Guide to Chinese Literature 1900-1949: The Drama
2097:
since the 9th century. The last king of Nanzhao established
1943:
1681:
389:
4569:
Heirman, Ann; Meinert, Carmen; Anderl, Christoph (2018).
3852:
Heirman, Ann; Meinert, Carmen; Anderl, Christoph (2018).
1976:
1667:: Dablit Guaif), was a dynastic state situated in modern
4674:
4253:
Robinson, David M. (2019). "Part III - A Tough Crowd".
3940:
Frederick W. Mote; Denis Twitchett (26 February 1988).
1769:
records said the Duan family came from Wuwei in Gansu:
3875:
3873:
3835:
3833:
4710:
4698:
4598:. John Benjamins Publishing Company. pp. 54–55.
4273:
4046:. Flipside Digital Content Company Inc. p. 269.
2070:, the Bai were also known as "Minjia" (civilians). A
1994:
The Duan clan, who helped the Yuan dynasty against a
607:
591:
509:
495:
4740:
4568:
4376:
Receptions of Greek and Roman Antiquity in East Asia
3969:
3967:
3965:
3963:
3851:
3778:
3776:
1427:
1349:
1229:
1162:
1092:
966:
4686:
4662:
4571:
Buddhist Encounters and Identities Across East Asia
3885:
3870:
3854:
Buddhist Encounters and Identities Across East Asia
3830:
3793:
3791:
4817:, University of Washington Press, pp. 63–91,
4457:A Tang Miscellany: An Introduction to Youyang Zazu
3909:
3897:
2074:using Chinese characters was mentioned during the
1784:
3960:
3933:
3921:
3809:
3773:
1886:Uriyangkhadai § Invasion of Yunnan and Tibet
5269:
4873:. Kluwer Academic Publishers. pp. 278–287.
4618:
4259:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 187–270.
3788:
1925:
647:
633:
4890:Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Asia and Oceania
4530:(Institute for Asian Studies, Kunming ed.)
4522:
4619:Anderson, James A.; Whitmore, John K. (2014).
4319:Lee, Lily Xiao Hong; Wiles, Sue, eds. (2014).
4013:Lee, Lily Xiao Hong; Wiles, Sue, eds. (2014).
1935:in putting down a Mongol rebellion in Yunnan.
1826:
4969:
3946:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 144–.
1757:seized power in 937, establishing himself at
1610:
555:
535:
446:
427:
43:
5249:Spring and Autumn Annals of the Ten Kingdoms
4594:Craig Alan Volker; Fred E. Anderson (2015).
3628:Kingdom of Dali Buddhist Volume of Paintings
1959:married to the Mongol Borjigin princess Agai
4794:, Chengda (2011). Hargett, James M. (ed.).
3816:. Harvard University Press. pp. 710–.
1851:
4976:
4962:
4499:The Belt and Road Initiative: Key Concepts
4070:Imperial China and Its Southern Neighbours
4066:
4043:Imperial China and Its Southern Neighbours
2170:
1617:
1603:
79:
4911:"Chapter 4: Rule Based on Native Customs"
4644:Stephanie Balkwill James A. Benn (2022).
4372:
4346:Malmqvist, Nils Göran David, ed. (1989).
4345:
2026:
5242:Historical Records of the Five Dynasties
4373:Renger, Almut-Barbara; Fan, Xin (2019).
4318:
4292:Lee, Lily Xiao Hong; Wiles, Sue (2015).
4291:
4252:
4012:
3986:Lee, Lily Xiao Hong; Wiles, Sue (2015).
3985:
3758:
2030:
1950:Yuan rule also introduced a significant
1906:. Duan Xingzhi of Dali was enfeoffed as
1728:
85:Map of Dali Kingdom in late 12th century
5293:13th-century disestablishments in China
4812:
4716:
3803:
14:
5270:
4985:Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period
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4680:
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4279:
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3839:
3681:Dali procession of nobles and soldiers
1977:Conquest of Yunnan by the Ming dynasty
609:
511:
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4895:
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4067:Mair, Victor H; Kelley, Liam (2015).
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2431:
2417:
2399:
2397:
2395:
2393:
2391:
2385:
2383:
2381:
2379:
2377:
2375:
2373:
2355:
2349:
2347:
2345:
2343:
2331:
2329:
2327:
2325:
2323:
2321:
2319:
2317:
2303:
2301:
2299:
2269:
2267:
2265:
2263:
2261:
2231:
2229:
2227:
2221:
2219:
2217:
2215:
2213:
2211:
2209:
2207:
2202:
2200:
2198:
2196:
2194:
2192:
2190:
2188:
2186:
2051:. However the ruling elite also used
1701:The Dali Kingdom takes its name from
1675:from 937 until 1253. In 1253, it was
5283:10th-century establishments in China
4887:
4864:
4815:The History of the History of the Yi
4692:
4453:
4426:
4399:
4039:
3782:
3657:Lacquered armour of the Dali Kingdom
2178:Family Tree of the Emperors of Dali
5298:Former countries in Chinese history
4790:
3915:
3759:Theobald, Ulrich (17 August 2012),
1831:In 1094, the former prime minister
1735:Qianxun Pagoda of Chongsheng Temple
24:
4843:, Harvard University Asia Center,
4798:. University of Washington Press.
4256:In the Shadow of the Mongol Empire
1761:. The Duan clan professed to have
25:
5324:
5235:Old History of the Five Dynasties
4935:
4130:Mao yi yu lü you: Trade and tours
3752:
1685:chiefs under the auspices of the
4941:
4646:Buddhist Statecraft in East Asia
3733:
3717:
3702:
3686:
3674:
3662:
3650:
3612:
2161:
2152:
2143:
2134:
2119:
698:
365:
351:
326:
312:
4722:
4648:. BRILL. pp. 95, 98, 105.
4637:
4612:
4587:
4562:
4516:
4489:
4454:Reed, Carrie Elizabeth (2003).
4447:
4420:
4393:
4366:
4339:
4312:
4285:
4246:
4208:
4170:
4145:
4121:
4100:. 国际文化出版公司. pp. 271, 285.
4087:
4060:
4033:
4006:
3979:
3740:Dali vajra sceptre (jingangchu)
3697:, the royal temple of the Dali
2089:A version of Buddhism known as
1961:, daughter of the Yuan dynasty
1957:The King of Dali Duan Gong was
1797:declared all land south of the
1785:Relations with the Song dynasty
5288:1253 disestablishments in Asia
4732:. City of Dali. Archived from
4730:"Nanzhao State and Dali State"
3845:
1659:
1650:
1642:
1557:Science and technology history
648:
608:
592:
556:
536:
510:
496:
447:
428:
44:
13:
1:
4777:, Stanford University Press,
4756:
2002:
1926:Yunnan under the Yuan dynasty
927:
886:
862:
839:
815:
756:
4040:Mair, Victor H, ed. (2016).
3745:
3643:
7:
4930:, Columbia University Press
4917:, Columbia University Press
4904:, Columbia University Press
4869:. In Zhou, Minglang (ed.).
4623:. BRILL. pp. 109–110.
4427:Mote, Frederick W. (1999).
4400:Mote, Frederick W. (2003).
4325:. M.E. Sharpe. p. 55.
2084:
1836:the kingdom's former name.
1827:Dazhong Kingdom (1094-1096)
10:
5329:
4019:. M.E. Sharpe. p. 5.
3810:Frederick W. Mote (2003).
2112:
1980:
1883:
1745:
1724:
108:Yangjumie (in present-day
32:Timeline of Yunnan-Guizhou
29:
5226:
5185:
5129:
5103:
5038:Ten Kingdoms (Ten States)
5037:
4996:
4888:West, Barbara A. (2009),
4867:"Language policy for Bai"
4298:. Routledge. p. 55.
4094:Chen 陈, Lufan 吕范 (1990).
3521:
3519:
3429:
3427:
3357:
3355:
3353:
3331:
3327:
3321:
3231:
3229:
3141:
3139:
3051:
3049:
3041:
3039:
2956:
2954:
2952:
2934:
2932:
2924:
2920:
2918:
2916:
2904:
2902:
2840:
2838:
2836:
2830:
2828:
2826:
2816:
2814:
2806:
2804:
2796:
2792:
2790:
2788:
2782:
2780:
2778:
2713:
2711:
2709:
2701:
2697:
2695:
2693:
2689:
2673:
2671:
2595:
2593:
2577:
2575:
2502:
2500:
2484:
2482:
2411:
2409:
2407:
2389:
2387:
2371:
2367:
2361:
2293:
2291:
2289:
2287:
2285:
2283:
2281:
2279:
2277:
2259:
2255:
2253:
2251:
2245:
2243:
2241:
2239:
2237:
1710:indeed, the Chinese word
1431:
1353:
1233:
1166:
1096:
970:
673:
663:
655:
641:
627:
622:
601:
585:
578:
573:
569:
549:
529:
524:
503:
489:
482:
477:
473:
459:
440:
421:
416:
412:
407:
381:
291:
287:
274:
264:
247:
237:
233:
225:
221:
211:
199:
187:
175:
163:
159:
149:
141:
131:
116:
104:
90:
78:
54:
38:
4839:Herman, John E. (2007),
4813:Harrell, Stevan (1995),
4502:. Springer. p. 81.
3992:. Routledge. p. 5.
1852:Intervention in Đại Việt
1739:Yunnan Provincial Museum
1677:conquered by the Mongols
531:Traditional Chinese
525:Alternative Chinese name
423:Traditional Chinese
276:• Conquered by the
4523:Du Yuting; Chen Lufan.
4430:Imperial China 900-1800
4403:Imperial China 900-1800
3813:Imperial China 900-1800
3669:Dali religious painting
2339:Taizong 太宗 (r. 945–951)
2171:Family tree of monarchs
1983:Ming conquest of Yunnan
1954:influence into Yunnan.
1940:Ajall Shams al-Din Omar
1916:Ming conquest of Yunnan
1879:
1696:
1691:Ming conquest of Yunnan
551:Simplified Chinese
442:Simplified Chinese
5198:Ganzhou Uyghur Kingdom
4857:Huang, Caiwen (2020),
4771:Bryson, Megan (2016),
4763:Bryson, Megan (2013),
4573:. BRILL. p. 105.
4550:Cite journal requires
4496:Shang, Huping (2019).
4379:. BRILL. p. 316.
4238:: CS1 maint: others (
4200:: CS1 maint: others (
3632:National Palace Museum
3605:
2044:
2039:manuscript written in
2027:Language and ethnicity
1849:
1824:
1814:
1782:
1742:
1722:
634:
3856:. BRILL. p. 97.
3105:Tiānmíng huángdì 天明皇帝
2643:Zhāomíng huángdì 昭明皇帝
2454:Zhìdàoguǎngcí huángdì
2425:Wénjīng huángdì 文經皇帝
2311:b. c. 894 – d. c. 944
2034:
1999:to the Ming capital.
1884:Further information:
1860:. After the death of
1838:
1819:
1803:
1791:conquest of Later Shu
1771:
1732:
1707:
1422:(mainland, 1912–1949)
266:• Reestablished
117:Common languages
5133:independent entities
4950:at Wikimedia Commons
2986:Bǎodìng huángdì 保定皇帝
2878:Shèngdé huángdì 聖德皇帝
2547:Yīngdào huángdì 應道皇帝
1996:Red Turban Rebellion
1633:, also known as the
27:Former Chinese state
4922:Yang, Bin (2008c),
4909:Yang, Bin (2008b),
4896:Yang, Bin (2008a),
4865:Wang, Feng (2004).
4217:Cina, Volumes 15-16
4179:Cina, Volumes 15-16
4155:Cina, Volumes 23-25
3477:Xiàoyì huángdì 孝義皇帝
2892:Bǐngyì huángdì 秉義皇帝
2759:Xuānsù huángdì 宣肅皇帝
2313:Taizu 太祖 r. 937–944
1894:placed his brother
1647:traditional Chinese
629:Vietnamese alphabet
239:• Established
58:937–1094, 1096–1253
5278:937 establishments
5186:Neighboring states
4765:Baijie and the Bai
4133:. 1986. p. 19
2866:Duan Lianzheng 段廉正
2045:
1743:
1639:simplified Chinese
1437:
1247:Five Dynasties and
1239:
1174:Southern dynasties
1102:
1001:Chu–Han Contention
993:(206 BCE – 220 CE)
5313:Former monarchies
5265:
5264:
4946:Media related to
4880:978-1-4020-8038-8
4850:978-0-674-02591-2
4805:978-0-29599-079-8
3953:978-0-521-24332-2
3823:978-0-674-01212-7
3724:Bronze statue of
3695:Chongsheng Temple
3603:
3602:
3599:
3598:
2972:上明皇帝 r. 1080–1081
2970:Shàngmíng huángdì
2847:Duan Lianshou 段廉寿
2456:至道廣慈皇帝 r. 952–968
2049:Classical Chinese
2041:Classical Chinese
1627:
1626:
1584:Transport history
1510:Education history
1482:
1481:
1477:
1476:
1463:Republic of China
1445:People's Republic
1418:Republic of China
1397:
1396:
1346:
1345:
1341:
1340:
1226:
1225:
1159:
1158:
1154:
1153:
1090:
1089:
923:Spring and Autumn
786:Liao civilization
677:
676:
635:Vương quốc Đại Lý
618:
617:
580:Standard Mandarin
520:
519:
484:Standard Mandarin
403:
402:
377:
376:
373:
372:
339:
338:
213:• 1251–1254
201:• 1172–1200
189:• 1096–1108
177:• 1081–1094
110:Dali Town, Yunnan
16:(Redirected from
5320:
5208:Tibetan kingdoms
5168:
5150:Qingyuan Circuit
4978:
4971:
4964:
4955:
4954:
4945:
4931:
4918:
4905:
4892:
4884:
4861:
4853:
4835:
4809:
4787:
4767:
4750:
4744:
4738:
4737:
4726:
4720:
4714:
4708:
4702:
4696:
4690:
4684:
4683:, p. 40-41.
4678:
4672:
4666:
4660:
4659:
4641:
4635:
4634:
4616:
4610:
4609:
4591:
4585:
4584:
4566:
4560:
4559:
4553:
4548:
4546:
4538:
4536:
4535:
4529:
4520:
4514:
4513:
4493:
4487:
4486:
4484:
4482:
4451:
4445:
4444:
4424:
4418:
4417:
4397:
4391:
4390:
4370:
4364:
4363:
4343:
4337:
4336:
4316:
4310:
4309:
4289:
4283:
4277:
4271:
4270:
4250:
4244:
4243:
4237:
4229:
4227:
4225:
4212:
4206:
4205:
4199:
4191:
4189:
4187:
4174:
4168:
4167:
4165:
4163:
4149:
4143:
4142:
4140:
4138:
4125:
4119:
4118:
4116:
4114:
4091:
4085:
4084:
4064:
4058:
4057:
4037:
4031:
4030:
4010:
4004:
4003:
3983:
3977:
3971:
3958:
3957:
3937:
3931:
3925:
3919:
3913:
3907:
3901:
3895:
3889:
3883:
3877:
3868:
3867:
3849:
3843:
3837:
3828:
3827:
3807:
3801:
3795:
3786:
3780:
3771:
3769:
3756:
3737:
3721:
3706:
3690:
3678:
3666:
3654:
3616:
2184:
2183:
2175:
2174:
2165:
2156:
2147:
2138:
2123:
1847:
1812:
1780:
1720:
1661:
1652:
1644:
1619:
1612:
1605:
1547:Military history
1505:Economic history
1493:Related articles
1470:
1452:
1434:
1433:
1429:
1428:
1423:
1390:
1377:
1364:
1351:
1350:
1334:
1321:
1308:
1289:
1279:
1267:
1254:
1236:
1235:
1231:
1230:
1215:
1205:
1192:
1179:
1164:
1163:
1147:
1142:Sixteen Kingdoms
1125:
1115:
1099:
1098:
1094:
1093:
1083:
1049:
1036:
1026:
1016:
1015:(202 BCE – 9 CE)
1006:
994:
981:
968:
967:
946:
938:
936:
932:
929:
919:
909:
897:
895:
891:
888:
873:
871:
867:
864:
850:
848:
844:
841:
826:
824:
820:
817:
767:
765:
761:
758:
702:
692:History of China
679:
678:
651:
650:
637:
614:
613:
612:
597:
596:
571:
570:
565:
564:
545:
544:
516:
515:
514:
499:
498:
475:
474:
455:
454:
436:
435:
405:
404:
369:
368:
355:
354:
343:
342:
330:
329:
316:
315:
309:
308:
293:
292:
83:
71:
70:
69:
47:
46:
36:
35:
21:
5328:
5327:
5323:
5322:
5321:
5319:
5318:
5317:
5268:
5267:
5266:
5261:
5222:
5181:
5162:
5155:Jinghai Circuit
5145:Dingnan Circuit
5125:
5099:
5033:
4992:
4982:
4938:
4881:
4851:
4825:
4806:
4785:
4759:
4754:
4753:
4745:
4741:
4728:
4727:
4723:
4715:
4711:
4703:
4699:
4691:
4687:
4679:
4675:
4667:
4663:
4656:
4642:
4638:
4631:
4617:
4613:
4606:
4592:
4588:
4581:
4567:
4563:
4551:
4549:
4540:
4539:
4533:
4531:
4527:
4521:
4517:
4510:
4494:
4490:
4480:
4478:
4468:
4452:
4448:
4441:
4425:
4421:
4414:
4398:
4394:
4387:
4371:
4367:
4360:
4344:
4340:
4333:
4317:
4313:
4306:
4290:
4286:
4278:
4274:
4267:
4251:
4247:
4231:
4230:
4223:
4221:
4214:
4213:
4209:
4193:
4192:
4185:
4183:
4176:
4175:
4171:
4161:
4159:
4150:
4146:
4136:
4134:
4127:
4126:
4122:
4112:
4110:
4108:
4092:
4088:
4081:
4065:
4061:
4054:
4038:
4034:
4027:
4011:
4007:
4000:
3984:
3980:
3972:
3961:
3954:
3938:
3934:
3926:
3922:
3914:
3910:
3902:
3898:
3890:
3886:
3878:
3871:
3864:
3850:
3846:
3838:
3831:
3824:
3808:
3804:
3796:
3789:
3781:
3774:
3766:China Knowledge
3757:
3753:
3748:
3741:
3738:
3729:
3722:
3713:
3707:
3698:
3691:
3682:
3679:
3670:
3667:
3658:
3655:
3646:
3641:
3640:
3639:
3622:
3617:
3608:
3570:
3568:
3478:
3476:
3394:
3382:
3280:
3278:
3188:
3106:
3104:
3092:
3090:
3001:
2999:
2987:
2985:
2971:
2969:
2893:
2891:
2879:
2877:
2860:
2858:
2760:
2758:
2736:
2734:
2644:
2642:
2548:
2546:
2455:
2453:
2426:
2424:
2338:
2312:
2310:
2204:
2173:
2166:
2157:
2148:
2139:
2130:
2124:
2115:
2087:
2029:
2005:
1985:
1979:
1963:Prince of Liang
1928:
1888:
1882:
1854:
1848:
1845:
1829:
1813:
1810:
1787:
1781:
1778:
1748:
1737:, exhibited at
1727:
1721:
1719:Barbara A. West
1718:
1714:means “marble.”
1699:
1623:
1594:
1593:
1589:Women's history
1495:
1494:
1485:
1484:
1483:
1478:
1473:
1468:
1466:
1455:
1450:
1446:
1426:
1421:
1412:
1411:
1400:
1399:
1398:
1393:
1388:
1380:
1375:
1367:
1362:
1348:
1347:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1324:
1319:
1311:
1306:
1298:
1292:
1287:
1277:
1265:
1257:
1252:
1248:
1228:
1227:
1222:
1213:
1203:
1195:
1190:
1182:
1177:
1173:
1161:
1160:
1155:
1150:
1145:
1137:
1134:
1128:
1123:
1113:
1091:
1086:
1081:
1073:
1047:
1039:
1034:
1024:
1014:
1004:
992:
984:
979:
964:
963:
952:
951:
944:
934:
930:
925:
917:
907:
893:
889:
884:
876:
869:
865:
860:
847: 1046 BCE
846:
842:
837:
829:
823: 1600 BCE
822:
818:
813:
804:
803:
792:
791:
764: 2000 BCE
763:
759:
754:
746:
735:
734:
623:Vietnamese name
594:
560:
540:
460:Literal meaning
396:
392:
388:
366:
352:
327:
313:
280:
267:
257:
240:
214:
202:
190:
178:
166:
165:• 937–944
124:
122:Classic Chinese
98:tributary state
86:
74:
66:Dazhong Kingdom
63:
62:
61:
50:
48:
41:
34:
28:
23:
22:
18:Kingdom of Dali
15:
12:
11:
5:
5326:
5316:
5315:
5310:
5305:
5300:
5295:
5290:
5285:
5280:
5263:
5262:
5260:
5259:
5252:
5245:
5238:
5230:
5228:
5224:
5223:
5221:
5220:
5215:
5210:
5205:
5200:
5195:
5189:
5187:
5183:
5182:
5180:
5179:
5177:Lulong Circuit
5174:
5169:
5160:Wuping Circuit
5157:
5152:
5147:
5142:
5136:
5134:
5127:
5126:
5124:
5123:
5118:
5113:
5107:
5105:
5101:
5100:
5098:
5097:
5092:
5087:
5082:
5077:
5072:
5062:
5057:
5052:
5047:
5041:
5039:
5035:
5034:
5032:
5031:
5026:
5021:
5016:
5006:
5000:
4998:
4997:Five Dynasties
4994:
4993:
4981:
4980:
4973:
4966:
4958:
4952:
4951:
4937:
4936:External links
4934:
4933:
4932:
4919:
4906:
4893:
4885:
4879:
4862:
4854:
4849:
4836:
4823:
4810:
4804:
4788:
4784:978-1503600454
4783:
4768:
4758:
4755:
4752:
4751:
4739:
4736:on 2006-09-03.
4721:
4709:
4707:, p. 6-7.
4697:
4695:, p. 280.
4685:
4673:
4661:
4654:
4636:
4630:978-9004282483
4629:
4611:
4605:978-9027269584
4604:
4586:
4580:978-9004366152
4579:
4561:
4552:|journal=
4515:
4509:978-9811392016
4508:
4488:
4466:
4446:
4439:
4419:
4412:
4392:
4386:978-9004370715
4385:
4365:
4358:
4338:
4332:978-0765643162
4331:
4311:
4305:978-1317515623
4304:
4284:
4282:, p. 212.
4272:
4265:
4245:
4207:
4169:
4144:
4120:
4106:
4086:
4080:978-9814620536
4079:
4059:
4053:978-9814620550
4052:
4032:
4026:978-0765643162
4025:
4005:
3999:978-1317515623
3998:
3978:
3959:
3952:
3932:
3920:
3918:, p. 196.
3908:
3896:
3884:
3869:
3863:978-9004366152
3862:
3844:
3829:
3822:
3802:
3787:
3772:
3750:
3749:
3747:
3744:
3743:
3742:
3739:
3732:
3730:
3723:
3716:
3714:
3712:of Dali, 1220
3710:Dharani pillar
3708:
3701:
3699:
3692:
3685:
3683:
3680:
3673:
3671:
3668:
3661:
3659:
3656:
3649:
3645:
3642:
3624:Zhang Shengwen
3619:
3618:
3611:
3610:
3609:
3607:
3604:
3601:
3600:
3597:
3595:
3594:
3592:
3590:
3588:
3586:
3584:
3582:
3580:
3578:
3576:
3574:
3560:
3558:
3556:
3554:
3552:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3544:
3542:
3540:
3538:
3536:
3534:
3532:
3530:
3528:
3526:
3524:
3522:
3520:
3518:
3516:
3514:
3512:
3510:
3508:
3506:
3503:
3501:
3500:
3498:
3496:
3494:
3492:
3490:
3488:
3486:
3484:
3482:
3480:
3472:Duàn Ziangxing
3468:
3466:
3464:
3462:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3453:
3452:
3450:
3448:
3446:
3444:
3442:
3440:
3438:
3436:
3434:
3432:
3430:
3428:
3426:
3424:
3422:
3420:
3418:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3408:
3406:
3404:
3402:
3400:
3398:
3396:
3386:
3384:
3374:
3372:
3370:
3368:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3360:
3358:
3356:
3354:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3346:
3344:
3342:
3340:
3338:
3336:
3334:
3332:
3330:
3328:
3326:
3324:
3322:
3320:
3318:
3316:
3314:
3312:
3310:
3308:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3298:
3296:
3294:
3292:
3290:
3288:
3286:
3284:
3282:
3270:
3268:
3266:
3264:
3262:
3260:
3258:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3250:
3248:
3246:
3244:
3242:
3240:
3238:
3236:
3234:
3232:
3230:
3228:
3226:
3224:
3222:
3220:
3218:
3216:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3206:
3204:
3202:
3200:
3198:
3196:
3194:
3192:
3190:
3184:Duan Zhengxing
3180:
3178:
3176:
3174:
3172:
3170:
3168:
3166:
3163:
3161:
3160:
3158:
3156:
3154:
3152:
3150:
3148:
3146:
3144:
3142:
3140:
3138:
3136:
3134:
3132:
3130:
3128:
3126:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3116:
3114:
3112:
3110:
3108:
3096:
3094:
3082:
3080:
3078:
3076:
3074:
3072:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3062:
3060:
3058:
3056:
3054:
3052:
3050:
3048:
3046:
3044:
3042:
3040:
3038:
3036:
3034:
3032:
3030:
3028:
3026:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3016:
3014:
3012:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3003:
2995:Duan Zhengchun
2991:
2989:
2981:Duan Zhengming
2977:
2975:
2960:
2959:
2957:
2955:
2953:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2945:
2943:
2941:
2939:
2937:
2935:
2933:
2931:
2929:
2927:
2925:
2923:
2921:
2919:
2917:
2915:
2913:
2911:
2909:
2907:
2905:
2903:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2895:
2883:
2881:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2862:
2850:
2848:
2844:
2843:
2841:
2839:
2837:
2835:
2833:
2831:
2829:
2827:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2819:
2817:
2815:
2813:
2811:
2809:
2807:
2805:
2803:
2801:
2799:
2797:
2795:
2793:
2791:
2789:
2787:
2785:
2783:
2781:
2779:
2777:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2750:
2748:
2746:
2744:
2742:
2740:
2726:
2724:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2716:
2714:
2712:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2704:
2702:
2700:
2698:
2696:
2694:
2692:
2690:
2688:
2686:
2684:
2682:
2680:
2678:
2676:
2674:
2672:
2670:
2668:
2666:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2656:
2654:
2652:
2650:
2648:
2634:
2632:
2630:
2628:
2626:
2624:
2618:
2616:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2606:
2604:
2602:
2600:
2598:
2596:
2594:
2592:
2590:
2588:
2586:
2584:
2582:
2580:
2578:
2576:
2574:
2572:
2570:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2560:
2558:
2556:
2554:
2552:
2538:
2536:
2534:
2532:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2513:
2511:
2509:
2507:
2505:
2503:
2501:
2499:
2497:
2495:
2493:
2491:
2489:
2487:
2485:
2483:
2481:
2479:
2477:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2467:
2465:
2463:
2461:
2459:
2445:
2443:
2441:
2439:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2415:
2414:
2412:
2410:
2408:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2400:
2398:
2396:
2394:
2392:
2390:
2388:
2386:
2384:
2382:
2380:
2378:
2376:
2374:
2372:
2370:
2368:
2366:
2364:
2362:
2360:
2358:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2350:
2348:
2346:
2344:
2342:
2330:
2328:
2326:
2324:
2322:
2320:
2318:
2316:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2296:
2294:
2292:
2290:
2288:
2286:
2284:
2282:
2280:
2278:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2270:
2268:
2266:
2264:
2262:
2260:
2258:
2256:
2254:
2252:
2250:
2248:
2246:
2244:
2242:
2240:
2238:
2236:
2234:
2232:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2222:
2220:
2218:
2216:
2214:
2212:
2210:
2208:
2206:
2201:
2199:
2197:
2195:
2193:
2191:
2189:
2187:
2180:
2179:
2172:
2169:
2168:
2167:
2160:
2158:
2151:
2149:
2142:
2140:
2133:
2131:
2129:(r. 1171–1200)
2125:
2118:
2114:
2111:
2103:Buddhist monks
2086:
2083:
2066:. During the
2028:
2025:
2004:
2001:
1981:Main article:
1978:
1975:
1927:
1924:
1920:Hongwu Emperor
1881:
1878:
1853:
1850:
1843:
1828:
1825:
1808:
1786:
1783:
1776:
1747:
1744:
1726:
1723:
1716:
1698:
1695:
1625:
1624:
1622:
1621:
1614:
1607:
1599:
1596:
1595:
1592:
1591:
1586:
1581:
1580:
1579:
1574:
1569:
1564:
1554:
1549:
1544:
1543:
1542:
1532:
1527:
1522:
1520:Jewish history
1517:
1512:
1507:
1502:
1496:
1492:
1491:
1490:
1487:
1486:
1480:
1479:
1475:
1474:
1472:
1471:
1458:
1456:
1454:
1453:
1451:(1949–present)
1440:
1438:
1432:
1425:
1424:
1413:
1407:
1406:
1405:
1402:
1401:
1395:
1394:
1392:
1391:
1379:
1378:
1366:
1365:
1354:
1344:
1343:
1339:
1338:
1336:
1335:
1325:
1322:
1312:
1309:
1299:
1295:
1293:
1291:
1290:
1280:
1269:
1268:
1256:
1255:
1242:
1240:
1234:
1224:
1223:
1221:
1220:
1219:
1218:
1217:
1216:
1194:
1193:
1181:
1180:
1167:
1157:
1156:
1152:
1151:
1149:
1148:
1138:
1135:
1131:
1129:
1127:
1126:
1116:
1105:
1103:
1097:
1088:
1087:
1085:
1084:
1072:
1071:
1051:
1050:
1044:Three Kingdoms
1038:
1037:
1027:
1017:
1007:
996:
995:
983:
982:
971:
965:
959:
958:
957:
954:
953:
950:
949:
948:
947:
942:Warring States
939:
935: 476 BCE
910:
908:(1046–771 BCE)
899:
898:
894: 256 BCE
875:
874:
852:
851:
828:
827:
805:
799:
798:
797:
794:
793:
790:
789:
769:
768:
745:
744:
736:
730:
729:
728:
725:
724:
723:
722:
720:Historiography
717:
712:
704:
703:
695:
694:
688:
687:
675:
674:
671:
670:
667:
661:
660:
653:
652:
645:
639:
638:
631:
625:
624:
620:
619:
616:
615:
605:
599:
598:
589:
583:
582:
576:
575:
574:Transcriptions
567:
566:
553:
547:
546:
533:
527:
526:
522:
521:
518:
517:
507:
501:
500:
493:
487:
486:
480:
479:
478:Transcriptions
471:
470:
461:
457:
456:
444:
438:
437:
425:
419:
418:
414:
413:
410:
409:
401:
400:
383:
379:
378:
375:
374:
371:
370:
363:
357:
356:
349:
340:
337:
336:
331:
323:
322:
317:
305:
304:
299:
289:
288:
285:
284:
281:
275:
272:
271:
268:
265:
262:
261:
258:
248:
245:
244:
241:
238:
235:
234:
231:
230:
227:
223:
222:
219:
218:
215:
212:
209:
208:
203:
200:
197:
196:
194:Duan Zhengchun
191:
188:
185:
184:
182:Duan Zhengming
179:
176:
173:
172:
167:
164:
161:
160:
157:
156:
153:
147:
146:
143:
139:
138:
133:
129:
128:
118:
114:
113:
106:
102:
101:
92:
88:
87:
84:
76:
75:
73:
72:
59:
55:
52:
51:
42:
39:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5325:
5314:
5311:
5309:
5306:
5304:
5301:
5299:
5296:
5294:
5291:
5289:
5286:
5284:
5281:
5279:
5276:
5275:
5273:
5258:
5257:
5253:
5251:
5250:
5246:
5244:
5243:
5239:
5237:
5236:
5232:
5231:
5229:
5225:
5219:
5216:
5214:
5211:
5209:
5206:
5204:
5201:
5199:
5196:
5194:
5191:
5190:
5188:
5184:
5178:
5175:
5173:
5172:Guiyi Circuit
5170:
5166:
5161:
5158:
5156:
5153:
5151:
5148:
5146:
5143:
5141:
5138:
5137:
5135:
5132:
5128:
5122:
5119:
5117:
5114:
5112:
5109:
5108:
5106:
5102:
5096:
5093:
5091:
5090:Southern Tang
5088:
5086:
5083:
5081:
5078:
5076:
5073:
5070:
5066:
5063:
5061:
5058:
5056:
5053:
5051:
5048:
5046:
5043:
5042:
5040:
5036:
5030:
5027:
5025:
5022:
5020:
5017:
5015:
5011:
5007:
5005:
5002:
5001:
4999:
4995:
4990:
4986:
4979:
4974:
4972:
4967:
4965:
4960:
4959:
4956:
4949:
4944:
4940:
4939:
4929:
4925:
4920:
4916:
4912:
4907:
4903:
4899:
4894:
4891:
4886:
4882:
4876:
4872:
4868:
4863:
4860:
4855:
4852:
4846:
4842:
4837:
4834:
4833:j.ctvbtzm9s.5
4830:
4826:
4824:9780295975283
4820:
4816:
4811:
4807:
4801:
4797:
4793:
4789:
4786:
4780:
4776:
4775:
4769:
4766:
4761:
4760:
4749:, p. 40.
4748:
4743:
4735:
4731:
4725:
4719:, p. 87.
4718:
4713:
4706:
4701:
4694:
4689:
4682:
4677:
4670:
4665:
4657:
4655:9789004510227
4651:
4647:
4640:
4632:
4626:
4622:
4615:
4607:
4601:
4597:
4590:
4582:
4576:
4572:
4565:
4557:
4544:
4526:
4519:
4511:
4505:
4501:
4500:
4492:
4477:
4473:
4469:
4463:
4459:
4458:
4450:
4442:
4436:
4432:
4431:
4423:
4415:
4409:
4405:
4404:
4396:
4388:
4382:
4378:
4377:
4369:
4361:
4355:
4351:
4350:
4342:
4334:
4328:
4324:
4323:
4315:
4307:
4301:
4297:
4296:
4288:
4281:
4276:
4268:
4266:9781108482448
4262:
4258:
4257:
4249:
4241:
4235:
4219:
4218:
4211:
4203:
4197:
4181:
4180:
4173:
4157:
4156:
4148:
4132:
4131:
4124:
4109:
4107:9787800494970
4103:
4099:
4098:
4090:
4082:
4076:
4072:
4071:
4063:
4055:
4049:
4045:
4044:
4036:
4028:
4022:
4018:
4017:
4009:
4001:
3995:
3991:
3990:
3982:
3975:
3970:
3968:
3966:
3964:
3955:
3949:
3945:
3944:
3936:
3929:
3924:
3917:
3912:
3906:, p. 80.
3905:
3900:
3894:, p. 40.
3893:
3888:
3882:, p. 38.
3881:
3876:
3874:
3865:
3859:
3855:
3848:
3842:, p. 41.
3841:
3836:
3834:
3825:
3819:
3815:
3814:
3806:
3799:
3794:
3792:
3785:, p. 79.
3784:
3779:
3777:
3768:
3767:
3762:
3755:
3751:
3736:
3731:
3727:
3720:
3715:
3711:
3705:
3700:
3696:
3689:
3684:
3677:
3672:
3665:
3660:
3653:
3648:
3647:
3637:
3633:
3629:
3625:
3621:
3615:
3596:
3573:
3569:r. 1251–1254;
3566:
3565:
3548:
3546:
3504:
3502:
3474:
3473:
3456:
3454:
3412:
3410:
3392:
3391:
3380:
3379:
3378:Duan Zhixiang
3362:
3359:
3351:
3349:
3348:
3329:
3325:
3323:
3319:
3317:
3302:
3300:
3276:
3275:
3254:
3252:
3210:
3208:
3186:
3185:
3164:
3162:
3120:
3118:
3102:
3101:
3088:
3087:
3066:
3064:
3020:
3018:
2997:
2996:
2983:
2982:
2974:
2967:
2966:
2961:
2958:
2950:
2948:
2947:
2922:
2914:
2912:
2899:
2897:
2889:
2888:
2875:
2874:
2856:
2855:
2845:
2842:
2834:
2832:
2824:
2822:
2821:
2794:
2786:
2784:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2756:
2755:
2739:
2732:
2731:
2718:
2715:
2707:
2706:
2699:
2691:
2660:
2658:
2647:
2640:
2639:
2622:
2610:
2608:
2564:
2562:
2551:
2544:
2543:
2517:
2515:
2471:
2469:
2458:
2451:
2450:
2429:
2422:
2421:
2416:
2413:
2405:
2403:
2402:
2369:
2365:
2363:
2359:
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2352:
2341:
2336:
2335:
2315:
2309:
2307:
2298:
2295:
2275:
2273:
2272:
2257:
2249:
2247:
2235:
2233:
2226:
2224:
2185:
2182:
2181:
2177:
2176:
2164:
2159:
2155:
2150:
2146:
2141:
2137:
2132:
2128:
2122:
2117:
2116:
2110:
2106:
2104:
2100:
2096:
2092:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2073:
2069:
2065:
2061:
2056:
2054:
2050:
2042:
2038:
2033:
2024:
2022:
2018:
2014:
2009:
2000:
1997:
1992:
1990:
1987:In 1381, the
1984:
1974:
1972:
1968:
1964:
1960:
1955:
1953:
1948:
1945:
1941:
1936:
1934:
1923:
1921:
1917:
1913:
1909:
1905:
1901:
1897:
1893:
1887:
1877:
1875:
1871:
1867:
1863:
1859:
1842:
1837:
1834:
1823:
1818:
1807:
1802:
1800:
1796:
1792:
1775:
1770:
1768:
1764:
1760:
1756:
1752:
1740:
1736:
1731:
1715:
1713:
1706:
1704:
1694:
1692:
1688:
1684:
1683:
1678:
1674:
1670:
1666:
1662:
1656:
1648:
1640:
1636:
1632:
1620:
1615:
1613:
1608:
1606:
1601:
1600:
1598:
1597:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1570:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1560:
1559:
1558:
1555:
1553:
1552:Naval history
1550:
1548:
1545:
1541:
1538:
1537:
1536:
1535:Music history
1533:
1531:
1530:Media history
1528:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1515:Legal history
1513:
1511:
1508:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1498:
1497:
1489:
1488:
1469:1949–present)
1465:
1464:
1460:
1459:
1457:
1449:
1448:
1442:
1441:
1439:
1436:
1435:
1430:
1420:
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1415:
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1410:
1404:
1403:
1387:
1386:
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1381:
1374:
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1369:
1368:
1361:
1360:
1356:
1355:
1352:
1331:
1330:
1326:
1323:
1318:
1317:
1313:
1310:
1305:
1304:
1300:
1297:
1296:
1294:
1286:
1285:
1284:Southern Song
1281:
1276:
1275:
1274:Northern Song
1271:
1270:
1264:
1263:
1259:
1258:
1251:
1250:
1244:
1243:
1241:
1238:
1237:
1232:
1212:
1209:
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1197:
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1189:
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1095:
1080:
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1058:
1057:
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1046:
1045:
1041:
1040:
1033:
1032:
1028:
1023:
1022:
1018:
1013:
1012:
1008:
1005:(206–202 BCE)
1003:
1002:
998:
997:
991:
990:
986:
985:
980:(221–207 BCE)
978:
977:
973:
972:
969:
962:
956:
955:
945:(475–221 BCE)
943:
940:
924:
921:
920:
918:(771–256 BCE)
916:
915:
911:
906:
905:
901:
900:
883:
882:
878:
877:
859:
858:
854:
853:
836:
835:
831:
830:
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811:
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806:
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781:
776:
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771:
770:
753:
752:
748:
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733:
727:
726:
721:
718:
716:
713:
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690:
689:
685:
681:
680:
672:
668:
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658:
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636:
632:
630:
626:
621:
611:
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584:
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568:
563:
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548:
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494:
492:
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443:
439:
434:
431:
426:
424:
420:
415:
411:
406:
399:
395:
391:
387:
384:
382:Today part of
380:
364:
362:
361:Mongol Empire
359:
358:
350:
348:
345:
344:
341:
335:
332:
325:
324:
321:
318:
311:
310:
307:
306:
303:
300:
298:
295:
294:
290:
286:
282:
279:
278:Mongol Empire
273:
269:
263:
259:
256:
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246:
242:
236:
232:
228:
224:
220:
216:
210:
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107:
103:
99:
96:
93:
89:
82:
77:
67:
60:
57:
56:
53:
37:
33:
19:
5308:Dali Kingdom
5256:Wudai Huiyao
5254:
5247:
5240:
5233:
5212:
5203:Liao dynasty
5140:Yiwu Circuit
5130:
5104:Other states
5095:Northern Han
5075:Southern Han
4948:Dali Kingdom
4927:
4914:
4901:
4889:
4870:
4858:
4840:
4814:
4795:
4773:
4764:
4742:
4734:the original
4724:
4717:Harrell 1995
4712:
4700:
4688:
4676:
4671:, p. 7.
4664:
4645:
4639:
4620:
4614:
4595:
4589:
4570:
4564:
4543:cite journal
4532:. Retrieved
4518:
4498:
4491:
4479:. Retrieved
4456:
4449:
4429:
4422:
4402:
4395:
4375:
4368:
4348:
4341:
4321:
4314:
4294:
4287:
4275:
4255:
4248:
4222:. Retrieved
4216:
4210:
4184:. Retrieved
4178:
4172:
4160:. Retrieved
4154:
4147:
4135:. Retrieved
4129:
4123:
4111:. Retrieved
4096:
4089:
4069:
4062:
4042:
4035:
4015:
4008:
3988:
3981:
3942:
3935:
3923:
3911:
3899:
3887:
3853:
3847:
3812:
3805:
3765:
3754:
3627:
3572:
3564:Duan Xingzhi
3562:
3479:r. 1238–1251
3470:
3395:r. 1200–1204
3390:Duan Zhilian
3388:
3383:r. 1204–1238
3376:
3281:r. 1171–1200
3279:Xuanzong 宣宗
3274:Duan Zhixing
3272:
3189:r. 1147–1171
3182:
3107:r. 1041–1044
3098:
3093:r. 1108–1147
3091:Xianzong 憲宗
3084:
3002:r. 1096–1108
3000:Zhongzong 中宗
2993:
2979:
2973:
2965:Duan Shouhui
2963:
2894:r. 1022–1026
2885:
2880:r. 1026–1041
2871:
2861:r. 1075–1080
2859:Xìngzōng 興宗
2852:
2761:r. 1009–1022
2752:
2738:
2737:r. 1044–1075
2735:Xìngzōng 興宗
2728:
2646:
2636:
2550:
2540:
2457:
2447:
2428:
2418:
2340:
2337:段思胄 (d. 951)
2332:
2314:
2304:
2203:Duàn Bǎolóng
2127:Duan Zhixing
2107:
2088:
2080:
2076:Ming dynasty
2068:Ming dynasty
2064:Yuan dynasty
2058:Today, most
2057:
2053:Bai language
2046:
2020:
2012:
2010:
2006:
1993:
1989:Ming dynasty
1986:
1956:
1949:
1937:
1933:Yuan dynasty
1929:
1914:. After the
1900:Jinsha River
1889:
1870:Lý Thần Tông
1865:
1858:Lý Nhân Tông
1855:
1846:Huang Caiwen
1839:
1833:Gao Shengtai
1830:
1820:
1815:
1811:Megan Bryson
1804:
1788:
1779:Megan Bryson
1772:
1767:Yuan dynasty
1749:
1711:
1708:
1700:
1687:Yuan dynasty
1680:
1658:
1634:
1631:Dali Kingdom
1630:
1628:
1525:LGBT history
1461:
1443:
1416:
1383:
1370:
1357:
1327:
1314:
1301:
1282:
1272:
1260:
1249:Ten Kingdoms
1245:
1198:
1185:
1172:Northern and
1170:
1140:
1118:
1108:
1076:
1066:
1060:
1054:
1048:(220–280 CE)
1042:
1029:
1019:
1009:
999:
987:
974:
914:Eastern Zhou
912:
904:Western Zhou
902:
879:
855:
832:
808:
784:
778:
772:
749:
739:
669:Dablit Guaif
587:Hanyu Pinyin
491:Hanyu Pinyin
417:Chinese name
408:Dali Kingdom
302:Succeeded by
301:
296:
255:Gao Shengtai
217:Duan Xingzhi
206:Duan Zhixing
95:Song dynasty
64:(1094–1096:
49:Dablit Guaif
40:Dali Kingdom
5163: [
5004:Later Liang
4747:Bryson 2016
4705:Bryson 2013
4681:Bryson 2016
4669:Bryson 2013
4280:Bryson 2016
3892:Herman 2007
3880:Bryson 2016
3840:Bryson 2016
3100:Duan Suxing
2988:r.1081–1094
2887:Duan Sulong
2873:Duan Suzhen
2857:段廉義 d. 1080
2854:Duan Lianyi
2754:Duan Sulian
2730:Duan Silian
2645:r. 985–1009
2638:Duan Suying
2542:Duan Sushun
2449:Duan Sicong
2420:Duan Siying
2334:Duan Sizhou
2306:Duan Siping
2093:existed in
1967:Basalawarmi
1892:Möngke Khan
1874:Lý Anh Tông
1755:Duan Siping
1572:Discoveries
1567:Cartography
1562:Archaeology
1500:Art history
1389:(1644–1912)
1376:(1368–1644)
1363:(1271–1368)
1333:(1115–1234)
1320:(1038–1227)
1316:Western Xia
1288:(1127–1279)
1120:Eastern Jin
1110:Western Jin
1035:(25–220 CE)
1031:Eastern Han
1011:Western Han
890: 1046
870: 1046
866: 1250
843: 1600
819: 2070
760: 8500
741:Paleolithic
732:Prehistoric
297:Preceded by
251:Coup d'etat
170:Duan Siping
5303:Bai people
5272:Categories
5050:Former Shu
5029:Later Zhou
5014:Later Tang
4757:References
4534:2019-02-18
4467:0820467472
4440:0674445155
4413:0674012127
4359:9004090983
3974:Yang 2008b
3928:Yang 2008c
3904:Huang 2020
3798:Yang 2008a
3693:Pagoda of
2757:段素廉 d.1022
2621:Duan Zhisi
2549:r. 968–985
2545:段素順 d. 985
2452:段思聰 d. 968
2427:r. 944–945
2072:Bai script
2060:Bai people
2003:Government
1971:ethnic Han
1799:Dadu River
1795:Song Taizu
1765:ancestry.
1689:until the
1671:province,
1635:Dali State
1577:Inventions
1307:(916–1125)
1278:(960–1127)
1266:(960–1279)
933: – c.
931: 770
892: – c.
868: – c.
857:Late Shang
845: – c.
821: – c.
762: – c.
595:Hòu Lǐ Guó
142:Government
100:(982–1253)
30:See also:
5227:Histories
5085:Later Shu
5024:Later Han
5019:Later Jin
4693:Wang 2004
4476:0893-6870
4234:cite book
4196:cite book
3783:West 2009
3761:"Dali 大理"
3746:Citations
3728:from Dali
3571:1257–1260
3086:Duan Heyu
2015:(Lord of
1938:In 1274,
1862:Nhân Tông
1703:Dali City
1253:(907–979)
1214:(690–705)
1204:(618–907)
1191:(581–618)
1178:(420–589)
1146:(304–439)
1124:(317–420)
1114:(266–316)
1082:(266–420)
1025:(9–23 CE)
751:Neolithic
715:Dynasties
132:Religion
5218:Đại Việt
5131:De facto
4989:Timeline
4097:泰族起源问题研究
3916:Fan 2011
2099:Buddhism
2085:Religion
1908:Maharaja
1890:In 1252
1866:pingwang
1844:—
1809:—
1777:—
1717:—
1660:Dàlǐ Guó
1540:Timeline
1467:(Taiwan,
1447:of China
961:Imperial
710:Timeline
684:a series
682:Part of
593:Hòu Dàlǐ
497:Dàlǐ Guó
320:Dayining
145:Monarchy
136:Buddhism
120:Written
5080:Jingnan
4224:Jun 13,
4186:Jun 13,
4162:Jun 13,
4137:Jul 31,
3726:Guanyin
3644:Gallery
2113:Gallery
2021:huangdi
2013:piaoxin
1912:Kunming
1751:Nanzhao
1746:Origins
1725:History
1211:Wu Zhou
801:Ancient
780:Yangtze
643:Hán-Nôm
398:Vietnam
394:Myanmar
347:Dazhong
334:Dazhong
249:•
226:History
151:Emperor
105:Capital
5193:Balhae
4877:
4847:
4831:
4821:
4802:
4781:
4652:
4627:
4602:
4577:
4506:
4481:Sep 9,
4474:
4464:
4437:
4410:
4383:
4356:
4329:
4302:
4263:
4113:Sep 9,
4104:
4077:
4050:
4023:
3996:
3950:
3860:
3820:
3636:Taipei
2095:Yunnan
2091:Azhali
1952:Muslim
1904:Yunnan
1896:Kublai
1669:Yunnan
1657::
1655:pinyin
1649::
1641::
1409:Modern
1065:, and
783:, and
774:Yellow
686:on the
229:
155:
91:Status
5167:]
5060:Wuyue
4829:JSTOR
4528:(PDF)
1673:China
834:Shang
464:State
386:China
5213:Dali
5116:Zhao
5012:) /
4875:ISBN
4845:ISBN
4819:ISBN
4800:ISBN
4779:ISBN
4650:ISBN
4625:ISBN
4600:ISBN
4575:ISBN
4556:help
4504:ISBN
4483:2008
4472:ISSN
4462:ISBN
4435:ISBN
4408:ISBN
4381:ISBN
4354:ISBN
4327:ISBN
4300:ISBN
4261:ISBN
4240:link
4226:2011
4202:link
4188:2011
4164:2011
4139:2007
4115:2008
4102:ISBN
4075:ISBN
4048:ISBN
4021:ISBN
3994:ISBN
3948:ISBN
3858:ISBN
3818:ISBN
3393:段智廉
1944:tusi
1880:Fall
1759:Dali
1712:dali
1697:Name
1682:tusi
1629:The
1385:Qing
1372:Ming
1359:Yuan
1303:Liao
1262:Song
1200:Tang
881:Zhou
872:BCE)
659:name
649:王國大理
468:Dali
390:Laos
283:1253
270:1096
260:1094
5121:Yan
5069:Yin
5067:/ (
5065:Min
5055:Chu
5010:Jin
4792:Fan
3626:'s
3606:Art
3567:段興智
3475:段祥興
3381:段智祥
3277:段智興
3187:段正興
3103:段素興
3089:段和譽
2998:段正淳
2984:段正明
2968:段壽輝
2890:段素隆
2876:段素真
2733:段思廉
2641:段素英
2623:段智思
2423:段思英
2308:段思平
2205:段寶龍
2037:Bai
2023:).
2017:Pyu
1763:Han
1665:Bai
1651:大理國
1643:大理国
1329:Jin
1187:Sui
1078:Jin
1062:Shu
1056:Wei
1021:Xin
989:Han
976:Qin
810:Xia
665:Bai
657:Bai
603:IPA
562:后理国
558:后大理
542:後理國
538:後大理
505:IPA
466:of
253:by
243:937
126:Bai
45:大理國
5274::
5165:zh
5111:Qi
5045:Wu
4926:,
4913:,
4900:,
4827:,
4547::
4545:}}
4541:{{
4470:.
4236:}}
4232:{{
4198:}}
4194:{{
3962:^
3872:^
3832:^
3790:^
3775:^
3763:,
3634:,
2105:.
2078:.
2035:A
1965:,
1922:.
1663:;
1653:;
1645:;
1068:Wu
1059:,
928:c.
887:c.
863:c.
840:c.
816:c.
777:,
757:c.
449:大理
430:大理
5071:)
5008:(
4991:)
4987:(
4977:e
4970:t
4963:v
4883:.
4808:.
4658:.
4633:.
4608:.
4583:.
4558:)
4554:(
4537:.
4512:.
4485:.
4443:.
4416:.
4389:.
4362:.
4335:.
4308:.
4269:.
4242:)
4228:.
4204:)
4190:.
4166:.
4141:.
4117:.
4083:.
4056:.
4029:.
4002:.
3976:.
3956:.
3930:.
3866:.
3826:.
3800:.
3770:.
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2766:□
2527:□
2434:□
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1741:.
1637:(
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937:)
926:(
896:)
885:(
861:(
849:)
838:(
825:)
814:(
766:)
755:(
452:国
433:國
112:)
68:)
20:)
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