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223:. Kestrels are most easily distinguished by their typical hunting behaviour which is to hover at a height of around 10–20 metres (35–65 ft) over open country and swoop down on ground prey, usually small mammals, lizards or large insects, while other falcons are more adapted for active hunting during flight.
700:
Wink, M., and H. Sauer-GĂĽrth, 2004, "Phylogenetic relationships in diurnal raptors based on nucleotide sequences of mitochondrial and nuclear marker genes", pp. 483-498 in R.D. Chancellor and B.-U. Meyburg (eds.), Raptors
Worldwide, World Working Group on Birds of Prey,
657:
Groombridge, Jim J.; Jones, Carl G.; Bayes, Michelle K.; van Zyl, Anthony J.; Carrillo, José; Nichols, Richard A.; Bruford, Michael W. (2002). "A molecular phylogeny of
African kestrels with reference to divergence across the Indian Ocean".
380:. Other recent DNA analysis takes a similar view that the American kestrel is not a true kestrel, but rather than being linked to the hobbies is more likely genetically more closely related to the larger American falcons such as the
341:. A group of three predominantly grey species from Africa and Madagascar are usually considered kestrels due to their general shape and habits, but are probably distinct from the true kestrels as outlined above.
392:. Though the species has not been renamed as a result of these genetic analyses, it is thus likely a descendant of archaic larger falcon ancestors evolved through a process of
364:
species termed "kestrel". The molecular data of
Groombridge as well as morphological peculiarities (like grey wings in males and a black ear-spot) and
322:, around 2.5–2 mya), the main lineage of true kestrels emerged; this contains the species characterized by a malar stripe. This too seems to have
765:
760:
710:
Griffiths, C., 1999, "Phylogeny of the
Falconidae Inferred from Molecular and Morphological Data", The Auk 116(1):116-130.
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stripe, and in one case have—like other falcons but unlike other true kestrels—large areas of grey in their wings.
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303:"true" kestrels are three species from Africa and its surroundings which lack a
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to fit a similar small prey niche in the ecosystem as the true kestrels.
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Common name for several species of the falcon genus, Falco
368:, strongly support the view that this species, among the
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330:until they reached Australia some time during the
258:among the falcons, as suggested by comparison of
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326:in Africa and subsequently spread across the
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254:termed kestrels appear to form a distinct
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275:. This seems to have diverged from other
372:falcons, is not a kestrel at all in the
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230:
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660:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
599:, found in Eastern to Southern Africa
589:, found in Central to Southern Africa
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243:) perched on the roof of a car in
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766:Extant Miocene first appearances
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376:sense but perhaps closer to the
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680:10.1016/S1055-7903(02)00254-3
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339:found on Indian Ocean islands
545:, found in Equatorial Africa
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761:Messinian first appearances
571:and equatorial forest areas
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310:Approximately during the
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58:Scientific classification
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407:or common kestrel group
21:Kestrel (disambiguation)
578:(a more distant group)
468:or Australian kestrel,
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247:
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49:feeding his chicks in
576:African grey kestrels
485:or Eurasian kestrel,
347:
234:
732:at Wikimedia Commons
555:, found in southern
394:convergent evolution
19:For other uses, see
672:2002MolPE..25..267G
593:Dickinson's kestrel
405:Malar-striped clade
529:Falco rupicoloides
421:Seychelles kestrel
354:
332:Middle Pleistocene
248:
191:, derivative from
756:Bird common names
728:Media related to
607:Falco zoniventris
587:Falco ardosiaceus
520:of true kestrels
487:Falco tinnunculus
470:Falco cenchroides
457:Falco moluccensis
430:Mauritius kestrel
350:Falco tinnunculus
320:Early Pleistocene
295:, or about 7–3.5
205:given to several
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627:Falco sparverius
623:American kestrel
617:American kestrel
597:Falco dickinsoni
518:Basal lineage(s)
412:Malagasy kestrel
382:peregrine falcon
358:American kestrel
348:Common kestrel (
241:Falco sparverius
237:American kestrel
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567:except for the
535:to South Africa
525:Greater kestrel
508:Falco rupicolus
466:Nankeen kestrel
453:Spotted kestrel
439:RĂ©union kestrel
434:Falco punctatus
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386:aplomado falcon
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211:predatory birds
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553:Falco naumanni
549:Lesser kestrel
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416:Falco newtoni
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543:Falco alopex
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512:South Africa
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504:Rock kestrel
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425:Falco araeus
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374:phylogenetic
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366:biogeography
360:is the only
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51:Negev desert
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629:, found in
609:, found on
539:Fox kestrel
531:, found in
510:, found in
489:, found in
472:, found in
459:, found in
279:around the
263:cytochrome
235:A juvenile
227:Description
203:common name
131:Subfamily:
740:Categories
641:References
611:Madagascar
478:New Guinea
287:boundary (
273:morphology
271:data and
189:crécerelle
135:Falconinae
125:Falconidae
474:Australia
461:Indonesia
362:New World
328:Old World
289:Messinian
213:from the
201:) is the
179:The term
81:Kingdom:
75:Eukaryota
688:12414309
449:(c.1700)
312:Gelasian
293:Zanclean
285:Pliocene
269:sequence
194:crécelle
171:§ Groups
163:Species
152:Linnaeus
121:Family:
95:Chordata
91:Phylum:
85:Animalia
71:Domain:
31:Kestrel
751:Falcons
701:Berlin.
668:Bibcode
533:Eastern
447:extinct
378:hobbies
324:evolved
281:Miocene
252:species
207:species
199:ratchet
197:, i.e.
181:kestrel
141:Genus:
111:Order:
101:Class:
686:
569:Sahara
565:Africa
557:Europe
499:Africa
497:, and
491:Europe
400:Groups
388:, and
384:, the
245:Boston
215:falcon
185:French
183:(from
730:Falco
561:India
370:Falco
314:age (
305:malar
301:basal
277:Falco
260:mtDNA
256:clade
250:Most
221:Falco
218:genus
146:Falco
45:Male
684:PMID
633:and
495:Asia
476:and
356:The
336:taxa
169:See
156:1758
105:Aves
676:doi
318:or
297:mya
291:to
209:of
742::
682:.
674:.
664:25
662:.
649:^
625:,
605:,
595:,
585:,
559:,
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527:,
506:,
493:,
455:,
445:–
441:,
432:,
423:,
414:,
187::
154:,
690:.
678::
670::
352:)
283:–
265:b
239:(
23:.
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