Riau Islands - Knowledge

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with the value of construction completed (revenue) of Rp 5,483 billion. Number of National Labor Force Survey Results show that the number of residents working in the construction sector has fluctuated from time to time. As many as 43,232 people were recorded in February 2009, then decreased in February 2010 to 29,932 people, again increased in August 2010 to 50,833 people, then decreased in February 2011 to 58,211 and again increased in August 2011 to 59,755 people. Because the Riau Islands is a new developing province and almost half of the existing human resources come from outside the Riau Islands, this has caused housing needs in the Riau Islands to be out of proportion to their availability. This condition also seems to have caused housing costs to rise in the Riau Islands relatively faster than in other regions. The results of the National Socio-Economic Survey show that on average the expenditure per capita of the population for rental costs/housing contracts is the highest type of expenditure for non-food commodities, and the figure tends to increase every year. This fact is in line with the increasing frequency of commodity rental prices in the Riau Islands.

4175: 3427:) (APJII). Nonetheless, there are still many regions in the Riau Islands that has limited or no internet access, especially around the outlying regions of Anambas and Natuna Islands. Efforts have been taken by the government to improve internet access in the region, such as the construction of the Palapa ring, which is a massive, nationwide internet network using fiber-optic wires that will provide high-speed internet connection throughout the nation. The project aimed to make all the capital cities of regencies and municipalities in Indonesia connected with broadband or high-speed internet infrastructure. The idea was preceded by the difficulties of the outermost, rural, and disadvantaged regions in Indonesia in obtaining adequate telecommunications access. The project work process began in 2017. Currently Palapa Ring construction has been completed and has also been inaugurated. A number of Indonesian telecommunications operators have begun cooperating with the 5034: 3206: 1313:(Jakarta). A Dutch fleet attacked Riau in 1784 but failed to hold the islands. Another attempt later the same year also failed before they managed to break the Bugis blockade of Malacca in June 1784. The Bugis commander, Raja Haji was killed during battle and the Bugis units retreated, which opened the way for a Dutch counterattack on Riau. The Bugis was expelled from Bintan and Riau, and a treaty between the Dutch and the Malay sultans granted Dutch control over the area. The treaty caused much anger among Malay rulers, and again in 1787 a force that was offered refuge by Sultan Mahmud drove out the Dutch. This also led to the return of the Bugis and the rivalry between the Bugis and Malay. Peace between the two parties was finally reached in 1803. Around this time Sultan Mahmud gave 2936: 5957: 5007: 3334:

building new infrastructure as well as improving existing infrastructure in the province. Meanwhile, in 2019, the Riau islands provincial government has also allocated a budget of around Rp. 15,5 trillion (US$ 1 billion) that is allocated from the province's Regional Revenue and Expenditures Budget. This is an increase from 2018's annual budget, which is around Rp. 13,9 trillion (US$ 980 million). The government continues to work towards accelerating maritime development (both economy and tourism) in Indonesia's foremost and outermost regions, one of which is in the Riau Islands province to support economic development, tourism, and marine resources in the Riau Islands.

1846:. The group strongly advocated the restoration of the Riau-Lingga Sultanate after the status of Indonesia became official. The leader of the council, Raja Abdullah, claimed that Riau Malays were neglected at the expense of the non-Riau Indonesians who dominated the upper ranks of the Riau civil administration. By restoring the monarch, they believed the position of Riau Malays would be guarded. The royalist association met with resistance from the republican group led by Dr. Iljas Datuk Batuah that sent delegates to Singapore to counter the propaganda of sultanate supporters. Based on Indonesian archival records, Dr. Iljas gained approvals from non-Malay newcomers to Riau, including 5641:. In traditional Malay society, a house is an intact building that can be used as a family residence, meeting place and shelter for anyone in need. Therefore, traditional Malay houses are generally large, usually with six poles, six porch poles and twelve poles or porch houses. Of the several forms of the house, all are almost identical, both stairs, doors, walls and room layout are identical. In addition to being large, the Malay house is also always in the form of a stage or a house with a hole, facing towards the sunrise. In general, the types of Malay houses include dwellings, halls, houses of worship and storage houses. The naming is adjusted to the function of each building. 3249:

productivity is due to the harvested area for maize also has decreased, besides it is also the effect of pests that cause disruption of corn pests. Plantation and horticultural crops are types of plants that are quite potential to be cultivated in Riau Islands. This is based on the high price of agricultural products produced by these two types of businesses. As shown by the NTP (Farmer Exchange Rate) data, only estate and horticultural farmers have almost certainly an index value above 100. This condition is of course caused by the still higher price of goods produced by farmers compared to the price of goods needed, both for consumption and the cost of production. Production of

2975:’s water level will be small, although in southern part of the Strait the sea water level is still higher. During this season, the water current in Malacca Strait flows to the north, with speed is little bit lower. Current velocity reaches to maximum in around July to August, with speed about 5 cm/sec. Oceanographic pattern is likely to affect the water quality and reef corals in the study sites. Strong wind during the wet monsoon period, for example, could cause water turbulence which affecting on high sediment, especially in coastal areas, and this might be worse with the high sediment run off from surrounding rivers and/or reclamation areas, such as happened in 1495:, a withdrawal of British recognition of Johor-Riau sovereignty. To further curtail the British domination over the region, the Dutch entered into an agreement with the Johor-Riau Sultanate on 27 November 1818. The agreement stipulated that the Dutch were to be the paramount leaders of the Johor-Riau Sultanate and that only Dutch people could engage in trade with the kingdom. A Dutch garrison was then stationed in Riau. The Dutch also secured an agreement that Dutch consent was required for all future appointments of Johor-Riau Sultans. This agreement was signed by Yang Dipertuan Muda Raja Jaafar representing Abdul Rahman, without the sultan's consent or knowledge. 4311:, is one of the city that has the largest percentage of ethnic Chinese population among other cities in Indonesia, amounting to 13.5% of the total population. Until now some of Tanjung Pinang's economy is driven by the ethnic Chinese community. They not only controlled the small or medium-scale economy, but also developed into large-scale businesses such as shipbuilding, housing, restaurants and hospitality. In addition to moving in the economy, there are some who become politicians, people's representatives, political figures and even civil servants. Most of the Chinese in Tanjung Pinang, as well as the Riau Islands in a whole trace their ancestors from 122: 1173: 12169: 5022: 3488:. As of 2014, there are 4,954 km (3078 mi) of connected roadways in the Riau Islands, with 334 km (208 mi) being national highways, 512 km (318 mi) being provincial highways and the rest being city/regency highways. Most of the main roads in the Riau Islands has been paved, but there are still road sections that remain unpaved, especially in the outlying regions. Despite this, efforts has been taken by the government to improve road infrastructure in the regions, such as building more roads and improve existing roads, as well as building new bridges to connect river and islands in the province. 3175:, which is one of the busiest shipping lane in the world, is also a major factor in the need to increase competitiveness. The geographical location can be a leverage in attracting foreign and domestic investors. However, the strategic geographical location will not provide benefits if the Riau Islands do not have competitiveness. This is because skilled workers and investors are more interested in areas that have competitiveness than regions that are not competitive. Therefore, increasing competitiveness is a necessity to attract investors, both foreign and domestic, to invest in the economic development of the Riau Islands. 2988: 1054: 1018: 6041:. Laksa or Lakse in local dialect is a kind of noodle food mixed with typical Chinese and Malay spice blend. Lakse has a round white and slightly thick noodle shape. The name of lakse is taken from Sanskrit which has a lot meaning. It shows that lute noodle is made with various spices. Lakse in the Riau Islands presented in several kinds, one of which is a typical Anambas lakse which is included in the category of lakse curry with a fatty and spicy sauce and rich in spices. One of the most typical mackerel soups of Batam, popularly known as the Batam Fish Soup ( 5805: 12487: 2947:

with velocity ranges 7–20 knot (≈ 13–37 km/hour). The strongest wind usually occurs in around December–February, with velocity is about 45 km/hour. During this season the sea wave may very high, sometime > 2 m especially during December–February. While the east monsoon (dry season), it usually occur in period of May to October, with wind velocity is relatively calm, that is about 7- 15 knot (≈ 13–28 km/hour). The sea wave was not very high reaching only around 0.8 m. The sea water current in Riau islands follows the current pattern in

5177:. The existence of harmony is not caused by external coercion in the form of harsh sanctions, but it does arise from a conscience that is influenced by the norms that live in the community. Starting from the movements, attitudes and traits are influenced by these factors. Avoiding things that can cause disgrace and shame is a motivating factor for continuing to act and be kind to others and such feelings are stronger than feelings of sin. All actions must be maintained so as not to cause "discordant eyes", "discordant ears", "discordant manners". 2704: 82: 11899: 5473: 11604: 5610: 5990: 4992: 2909:. The implementation of the SEZ policy in Batam-Bintan-Karimun, is a close cooperation between the central government and local government, and the participation of the business world. This KEK/SER will be the nodes of the leading economic activity centers, supported by excellent service facilities and internationally competitive infrastructure capacity. Every business actor located within it will receive services and facilities of the highest quality that can compete with best practices from similar areas in Asia-Pacific. 1030: 1218:, resulted in a Portuguese victory. The forces of Johor were unable to prevent the heavy Portuguese infantry from landing and storming the city after a naval bombardment, its Sultan was forced to retreat into the jungle in a rout. The Portuguese captured ample spoils, which included over 1000 cannon, the great majority of them of small caliber, 1500 firearms, and burned upwards to 2000 craft of many sizes. Following the attack, Dom Pedro de Lima (brother of Dom Paulo de Lima) also sacked Bintan, then a vassal of Johor. 3915:), the Riau Islands province had a population of 2,064,564 people, spread throughout five regencies and two cities, and consisting of 1,053,296 males and 1,011,268 females. This makes the Riau Islands the 26th most populated province in Indonesia. The population in the province was predicted to increase to 2,768,000 by 2030, although this figure has since been revised downwards. The official estimate was 2,162,140 in mid 2023, giving a population density in the Riau Islands of 261.458 people per km. The city of 1815:) (PMRS) emerged to call for the restoration of the Riau-Lingga Sultanate. The council was financially backed by rich Riau Malay émigrés and Chinese merchants who hoped to obtain tin concession. Initially founded in High Street, Singapore, the association moved to Tanjung Pinang, Riau with the unprecedented approval by the Dutch administrators. Based in Tanjung Pinang, the group managed to gain the consent of the Dutch for self-governance in the region with the foundation of the Riouw Council ( 5972: 6008: 2504: 3821:) in Tanjung Pinang, which is the largest state-owned hospital in the province. Other prominent hospital in the province is the Santa Elisabeth Hospital in Batam and the Embung Fatimah Regional General Hospital which is also located in Batam. Due to lack of adequate health facilities in the province, many people usually travel to neighboring countries such as Malaysia and Singapore to get medical treatment as these countries has better medical infrastructure compared to the Riau Islands. 2025: 1352: 3198:, machinery and electrical equipment remain the mainstay trade of the Riau Islands. This type of commodity has not changed significantly compared to previous years. This needs to be considered given the expansion of the market must also be accompanied by an expansion of commodities both in quality and type. Export-oriented electronics manufacturing in Batam, for example, made up half of Indonesian electronics exports in 1991 with foreign companies alone employing 45,000 workers in 2020. 11497: 11419: 11254: 2580: 1395: 1042: 1250:(Kota Batu). Therefore, Malacca and Aceh became direct competitors. With the Portuguese and Johor frequently in conflict, Aceh launched multiple raids against both sides to tighten its grip over the straits. The rise and expansion of Aceh encouraged the Portuguese and Johor to sign a truce and divert their attention to Aceh. The truce, however, was short-lived and with Aceh severely weakened, Johor and the Portuguese had each other in their sights again. During the rule of Sultan 2663: 2621: 2541: 3470: 3343: 3456:

West Palapa Ring backbone, in collaboration with the Telecommunications and Information Accessibility Agency (BAKTI) in using the West Palapa Ring network. While in 2018, Telkomsel strengthens 4G services in Natuna Regency and Anambas Islands Regency by building two new 4G base transceiver stations. With the deployment of 4G network infrastructure in the country's border areas, Telkomsel now operates 89 BTS tower in Natuna and Anambas, including eight 4G BTS tower.

1503:, claiming that he wanted to celebrate his marriage. The Dutch, who desired to control the Johor-Riau Empire, feared losing momentum because of the absence of mere regalia. They therefore ordered Timmerman Tyssen, the Dutch Governor of Malacca, to seize Penyengat in October 1822 and remove the royal regalia from Tengku Hamidah by force. The regalia was then stored in the crown prince's fort in Tanjung Pinang. Engku Puteri was reported to have written a letter to 3573: 2913: 11322: 12511: 2760: 1078: 1066: 1673:

visit of the Dutch Resident's visit to Penyengat, the sultan then, on his own authority and without Dutch approval, summoned the rulers of Reteh, Gaung and Mandah, making the Resident feel as if he was being intimidated by the sultanate. The affiliates of the Roesidijah Klub, mainly the members of the administrative class, were thus able to slowly maneuver Abdul Rahman, once a supporter of Dutch rule, to act against the colonial power's wishes.

2466: 3806:, as of 2016, there are around 28 hospitals in the Riau Islands which consists of 13 state-owned hospitals and 15 private hospitals. According to the Riau Islands provincial government, there are 87 clinics in Riau Islands as of 2018, of which 70 of them are already accredited, while the remaining 17 clinics are not yet accredited. The number of hospitals and clinics in the Riau Islands are still far below the ideal level, according to the 11407: 1285: 2960:

to the north. Consequent of this, during these months, Andaman Sea's water masses will be empty, and sea water level will be low or the different from South China Sea's sea water level will be higher. This sea water level reaches to maximum in February to March, while the different of sea water level between Northern and southern parts of Strait is about 50 cm, which resulted current velocity is about 12 cm/sec to Northwest.

11480: 11463: 11331: 5238: 1696:) to lay siege to the royal court. This was followed by the arrival of Dutch official K.M Voematra from Tanjung Pinang at the Roesidijah Club headquarters to announce the deposition of Abdul Rahman II. The Dutch then seized the official coronation regalia, and to prevent their seizure by the Dutch, many official buildings were deliberately razed by members of the court themselves. A mass exodus of civilians and officials to 2921:

the north and between June and December the monsoon winds comes from the south. During the northern monsoon the wind velocity at sea could range from 20 to 30 knots, on land the wind can range from 3–15 knots. This causes potentially extreme weather in the Riau Islands with rainfall of about 150–200 millimeters and wave height between 1.2 meters up to 3 meters. As in most other province of Indonesia, the Riau Islands has a

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in which links with the Dutch would be maintained while a restored sultanate would play a secondary role. The council, created following the decree of the Governor General of the East Indies on 12 July 1947, was inaugurated on 4 August 1947, and represented a major step forward in the revival of the monarchy system. Several key members of the PMRS were elected to the Riau Council alongside their BKRI rivals, the

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making a home is harmony with the owner. To determine whether or not a house is compatible, the owner calculates the size of the house by cubits, from one to five. The veins are: snake swimming, pursuing ripples, ripples climbing beetles shelter, debt out of debt changed debt, and five debt has not been affected. The best measure is if it is right on the count of ripples to climb the shade beetle.

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last five years (2001–2005) tends to increase. In 2001 the GRDP per capita (above the prevailing price – without oil and gas) was Rp. 22,808 million, and in 2005 it increased to Rp.29,348 million. But in real terms (without calculating inflation) the Per capita GRDP (without gas) in 2001 was only Rp.20,397 million, and in 2005 it increased to Rp. 22,418 million.

12499: 1778: 2932:) bordering on a tropical monsoon climate. The climate is very much dictated by the surrounding sea and the prevailing wind system. It has high average temperature and high average rainfall. According to Köppen and Geiger, this climate is classified as Af. In the Riau Islands, the average annual temperature is 25.2 °C. Precipitation here averages 2607 mm. 2073:

islands, have been reduced to about a third of the population, primarily as a result of immigration from elsewhere in Indonesia, they feel that their traditional rights are threatened. Similarly, the immigrants have felt politically and financially suppressed. Both of these causes have led to increased violence. Piracy in the archipelago is also an issue.

2307: 2108:) who is elected directly by the people. The Governor also acts as a representative or extension of the central government in the province, whose authority is regulated in Law No. 32 of 2004 and Government Regulation number 19 of 2010. The legislative branch of the Riau Island government is the Riau Islands Regional People's Representatives Assembly ( 4230:(migration) culture, many Minangkabau people has migrated away from their homeland. The history of the Minangkabau migration in West Sumatra to the Riau mainland and the Riau Islands has been recorded to have lasted a very long time. When the means of transportation were still using the river, many Minang people migrated to various cities such as 3244:

production in 2011, it experienced a very small increase as well as productivity. Rice productivity in 2010 was 3.15 tons per hectare, cassava was 10.82 tons per hectare and sweet potatoes was 7.72 tons per hectare. The increase in productivity of rice and cassava was only 0.01 tons per hectare and sweet potatoes was 0.03 tons per hectare.

5819:, owing to its similar culture. There are also some dishes that is influenced by other parts of Indonesia, such as Java. Due to its cultural diversity, the people of the Riau Islands has developed a unique dishes that cannot be found in other parts of Indonesia. The Riau Islands cuisine is strongly influenced by the culture of the Malay, 6049:). This Batam Fish soup is served with a slice of mackerel fish that had previously been separated from its bones. This piece of fish is smeared with egg whites to remove the fishy smell, then cooked with spices and mixed with starfruit and green tomatoes. Pieces of white or green mustard greens are also incorporated into this soup. 1507:, the Dutch Governor in Batavia, about this issue. With the royal regalia in Dutch hands, Abdul Rahman was invited from Terengganu and proclaimed as the Sultan of Johor, Riau-Lingga and Pahang on 27 November 1822. Hence, the legitimate ruler of the Johor-Riau Empire was now Abdul Rahman, rather than the British-backed Hussein. 3410:, which as a capacity of 11,8 million m of water. Construction of the dam has finished in 2018 and is predicted to begin operation in 2019. Another dam that is also under construction is the Sei Busung Dam in Bintan. It is slated to begin operation 2021 and would have a water capacity of 100 million m . 2818:, which lies within the central core group of islands (the Riau Archipelago), contains a majority of the province's population. Since becoming part of an economic zone with Singapore in 2006, it has experienced high population growth rates. Other highly populated islands in the Riau Archipelago include 1799:(Riau Sultanate Movement) emerged in Singapore, planning for a restoration. Some of the groups dated from as early as the dissolution of the sultanate, but started to gain momentum following the post-world war chaos. From the ashes of political uncertainty and fragility in the East Indies following the 3455:

around the region to increase network coverage around the region. XL Axiata has been present in Anambas and Natuna since 2008 with 2G services that use satellite connections and then upgraded to 3G services. In March 2019, XL Axiata inaugurated the 4G data network in the Anambas Islands, by using the

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The second largest sector is the Construction industry, forming around 18% of the total GDP sector. The development of the number of construction businesses in the Riau Islands fluctuated considerably during the period 2008–2010. In 2010 the number of construction companies in the province was 1,570,

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industries. The manufacturing sector contributes more than 35% and the processing industry accounts for 15.26% of the economy in Riau Islands with oil and gas commodities. In addition to the mining sector, community economic activities are dominant in the agriculture, plantation and forestry sectors.

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is also higher than in Andaman Sea throughout the year resulted in Malacca Strait there is a current, which flow to Northwest direction throughout the year. In November to April, during the Northeast monsoon, Andaman Sea's current goes to the north. Therefore, majority of water masses are transported

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was given by the Malays because the shape of the roof was split. The size of the house built is determined by the ability of its owner, the richer a person is, the bigger the house and the more variety of decoration. However, wealth is not an absolute determinant. The most important consideration in

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fitted with buttons, but are almost similar to t-shirts. Shirt brackets are also not collared, each end is crochet. Some parts are often decorated with gold embroidery. At first, the clothes of the brackets were usually worn for the great ceremony of Malay by women in the kingdom, used together with

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The Riau region has long been an area of trade traffic in neighboring countries, so Riau has given birth to diverse cultural figures and colors. This is a burden, as well as a historical-geographical blessing. Riau seems to be a field of association of various artistic potentials, in which there are

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printing presses, namely Mathba‘at al Ahmadiyah and Mathba‘at al Riauwiyah. The Rusydiah Klub is the first association of scholars in Indonesia. This association is not mentioned in national history, because of the lack of careful collection of historical material, or maybe because there is no input

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From 2016 until 2020, the central government has outlined more development plan for the province. In 2017, the Indonesian Ministry of Public Works and People's Housing has allocated around Rp. 500 million (US$ 36 million) for the development of infrastructure in the Riau Islands, which includes

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including the island of Singapore and Johor were to be under British influence, while the south of the strait along with Riau and Lingga were to be controlled by the Dutch. By installing two sultans from the same kingdom, both the British and the Dutch effectively destroyed the Johor-Riau Sultanate.

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has several dialects namely the Kundur dialect and the Bintan-Karimun dialect. In general, it uses the Johor-Riau dialect. The main characteristic of this dialect is the suffix "A" which sounds as "E". The word /saya/ and /apa/ ("I" and "What" respectively) will be pronounced as /saye/ and /ape/ in

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is one of the main problem faced by the people of the Riau Islands. The province has often faced a shortage in clean water, mostly due to drought during the dry seasons. In response, the Indonesian government is currently constructing several dams across the province to anticipate water shortage in

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A small but significant sector in the province is the agriculture sector, forming around 3.5% of the total GDP sector. Despite having limited agricultural land, and production of food crops (mainly rice), the Riau Islands have not been able to meet the needs food for its population. This problem is

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As an archipelago, the climatic conditions in the province are affected by wind. Most of the province has wet tropical climate, there is rainy season and dry season interspersed with transition season with the lowest average temperature 20.4 °C. In November to February monsoon winds comes from

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infiltrated Singapore from military bases in the Riau Islands, around Batam, Tanjung Balai Asahan and the surrounding area. They usually used small boats with outboard motors and disguise themselves as local residents who usually have relatives on the Malay Peninsula and Singapore. The coastline of

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celebration on 17 August 1947 in Singapore. This led republicans to call the royalists 'pro-Dutch'. The royalists however, maintained that Riau was a Dutch territory and that only the Dutch could support it. The Dutch countered the claims of the BKRI by granting autonomous rule to the Riau Council,

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in 1511, the Riau islands became the centre of political power of the mighty Sultanate of Johor or Johor-Riau, based on Bintan Island, and were for long considered the centre of Malay culture. Riau was a centre of Islamic studies and teaching. Many orthodox scholars from the Indian Subcontinent and

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has five main parts, namely terrace, front room, center, back (bed), and kitchen. The front of the house is used to display historical photographs of this traditional house, the living room contains a typical Malay bridal diorama, and the back is a room that contains a mosquito net that integrates

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Riau Malay traditional house buildings are generally given a variety of decorations, starting from the door, window, ventilation to the top of the roof of the building, the decoration is adjusted to the meaning of each carving. Additionally, these houses are also given a pattern. The pattern of a

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The local Malay people of the Riau region since ancient times and even until the present-day is considered as a society that is accommodating, friendly, and welcome to immigrants who come to bring new cultures and religions, both from within and outside the country. The example are immigrants from

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As of 2019, there are 1,621 schools in the Riau Islands, which consists of 1,051 government-owned schools and 570 private schools. There are several international schools in the Riau Islands, which are mostly located in Batam and the surrounding area, due to its significant expatriate populations,

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companies. Since 2008, the number of bauxite mining companies has always been the highest compared to other mining companies, although the number has always dropped from 2008 to 2010. In 2009 the number of bauxite companies fell by 37 companies to 32 in 2010. This decline also had an impact on the

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Oceanographic conditions, mainly wave and sea water current, in the study sites were influenced by wet monsoon period, i.e. from November to April. During the wet monsoon (wet season) the wind is characterized very strong, which blows from North-west to South-east or from South-west to North-east,

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The end of the Indonesia-Singapore trade during the confrontation had made the disnurmud the economic conditions of the Riau Islands and Singapore. The inhabitants of Riau Islands could no longer barter or sell their produce to Singapore so they couldn't get basic necessities such as rice. Usually

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The leader of Riau forces, Major Raja Muhammad Yunus, who led the bid to reestablish the sultanate apart from Indonesia fled into exile in Johor after his ill attempt. The Geopolitical roots of the Riau Archipelago had molded her nationalist position to be sandwiched between the kindred monarchist

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The Dutch insisted that the sultan sign the agreement, but after consulting the fellow rulers of the state, Engku Kelana, Raja Ali, Raja Hitam and other members of the ruling elite, he refused, and decided to form a military regiment under the leadership of the prince regent, Tengku Umar. During a

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brotherhood, the Riau Malay intelligentsia established the Roesidijah (Club) Riouw in 1895. The association was born as a literary circle to develop the religious, cultural and intellectual needs of the sultanate, but as it matured, it changed into a more critical organisation and began to address

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house is largely derived from nature, consisting of flora, fauna, and space objects. These things are designed in certain forms, either in their original form such as backdrops, forest flowers, or in abstracted or modified forms so that they no longer appear in their original form, but simply use

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archipelago. Based on the composition of the population of the Riau Islands which is full of diversity with different socio-cultural, linguistic and religious backgrounds, it is basically an asset for the Riau Archipelago itself. The religions embraced by the inhabitants of the province are very

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growth) in 2005 included the transportation and communication sector (8.51%), the manufacturing sector (7.41%), the financial sector, leasing, and corporate services (6.89%), the service sector (6.77%), and the trade, hotel and restaurant sector (6.69%). GRDP Per capita of the Riau Islands in the

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As most of the Riau Islands consists of islands, many beaches can be found in the province, such as Lagoi Beach, Impian Beach, Trikora Beach, Nongsa Beach, Sakerah Beach, Loola Beach, Padang Melang Beach, Nusantara Beach, Batu Leafy Beach, Indah Beach, Tanjung Siambang Beach, Tanjung Beach, Melur

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island receiving most of the industrial investments and dramatically developing into a regional industrial centre, it attracted hundreds of thousands of non-Malay Indonesian migrants, changing the demographic balance in the archipelago. As the Malay, who were once the dominant ethnic group in the

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With the initial aim of making Batam an Indonesian version of Singapore, according to Presidential Decree number 41 of 1973, Batam Island was designated as an industrial working area. This was supported by the Batam Island Industrial Area Development Authority, better known as the Batam Authority

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must be raised higher than the flag of Riau, and specifying that Dutch officials should be given supreme honor in the land. The agreement further stipulated that the Riau-Lingga Sultanate was a mere loan from the Dutch Government. The agreement was drawn up due to the fact that the appointment of

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Various forms and types of arts found in the Riau region, namely theater, dance, music, singing, and literature. Artists in urban areas generally feel alien to traditional arts. Therefore, an appreciative link is needed by introducing all types and forms of traditional arts in urban areas. Thus,

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for Islamic universities. Notable public universities in the province is the Raja Ali Haji Maritime University and the Sultan Abdurrahman Islamic College in Tanjung Pinang, and the Batam State Polytechnic in Batam. There are at least one international university in the Riau Islands, which is the

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Due to the fact that the Riau Islands is an archipelago province located in an archipelago country, water transport becomes the main type of transportation. Inter-island connections are often contacted by water transport. This type of water transport includes ferries, canoes, speedboats, freight

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and rice plants are ranked third. In 2011, rice productivity in the Riau Islands reached 3.16 tons per hectare, far below the productivity of cassava and sweet potatoes, which amounted to 10.83 tons per hectare and 7.75 tons per hectare, respectively. When viewed from the harvested area and rice

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dance creations that are identical with Malay culture and in terms of rhyming. Artists and culture are able to make traditional art, not stopping but full of dynamics that are always acceptable in every circumstance. This traditional dance is both educational and entertaining, and is used as an

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is often associated with women. The hallmark of the clothes brackets is the loose design on the holes in the arms, abdomen, and chest. When worn, the bottom of the clothes bracket is parallel to the groin, but for rare cases there are also those that extend to knee level. Shirt brackets are not

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It started operating in 2012. The power plant supplies around 25% of the total electric needs in Batam and the surrounding region. As of 2017, there are still around 104 villages in the province that is not fully electrified yet. In response, PLN has allocated around Rp. 751 billion (US$

1998:, the Riau Islands area became the focus point during the Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation. During this period, the territorial waters of the Riau Islands began to be visited by many Indonesian military forces who were members of the Indonesian Operations Command Corps or better known as the 4884:

process is expected to have taken place since the contact took place so that a community was formed where the Arabs who settled in the village were married to local residents thus forming Muslim communities. Several Muslim organizations in Indonesia has branches in the Riau Islands, such as

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and peanut crops are food crops in Riau Islands with low productivity during 2010–2011. Whereas for corn productivity in 2010 amounted to 2.13 tons per hectare decreased to 2.12 tons per hectare in 2011. While for peanuts the productivity remained, at 0.92 tons per hectare. Decrease in corn

3875:: formal and non-formal. Formal education is further divided into three levels: primary, secondary and tertiary education. Indonesians are required to attend 12 years of school, which consists of three years of primary school, three years of secondary school and three years of high school. 5186: 4427:

are the Bintan-Karimun dialect, the Malang Rapat-Kelong dialect which is used in Malang Rapat village and Kelong village and the Mantang Lama dialect in Mantang Lama Village in Kijang. The word pronunciation is similar to the Malay used in Tanjung Pinang and Karimun. The Malay used in the

5724:

has similarities with weapons from other Malay-populated region. The Riau Islands are inhabited by various races and ethnicity. However, the majority of indigenous people are Malay people. Therefore, the culture of the Riau region has a lot in common with other indigenous Malay regions.

1639:

had been. Hurgronje justified this with several arguments, among which were that since 1902 the members of the Roesidijah Klub would gather around the royal court and refuse to raise the Dutch flag on government vessels. The Dutch Colonial Resident in Riau, A.L. Van Hasselt advised the

1542:

The globalization of the 19th century opened new opportunities for the Riau-Lingga Sultanate. Proximity Singapore, 40 miles away, shaped the political climate of the kingdom, giving Riau Malays an opportunity to familiarize themselves with new ideas from the Middle East. The opening of

1708:, while Crown Prince Raja Ali Kelana, Khalid Hitam and the resistance movement in Bukit Bahjah followed a couple of days later. The deposed Abdul Rahman II was forced to live in exile in Singapore, where he died there in 1930 and was buried in Keramat Bukit Kasita, Kampung Bahru Road. 3563:

in the eastern part of the island and the Batu Ampar area in the northern part. The toll road will have a length of 19 km (12 mi) and will be constructed with various construction methods. About 5.2 kilometers of the toll road will elevated while the rest will be at grade.

1487:. The British were actively involved in the Johor-Riau administration between 1812 and 1818, and their intervention further strengthened their dominance in the Strait of Malacca. The British recognised Johor-Riau as a sovereign state and offered to pay Engku Puteri 50,000 Ringgits ( 2885:

is hilly. The Lingga area is generally in the form of an area with a fairly high slope, where there are as many as 76.92 percent of the area which has a slope of more than 15%, while the plain area (slope less than 2%) only encompasses of 3.49 ha or 3.14 percent of the total area.

5535:

is a Malay traditional dance that can be found in both the Riau Islands and mainland. This dance is one of several types of Malay dance that still exists today. According to history, in the beginning this dance was a dance of entertainment in the palace after being brought from

2901:) and supported by an abundance of natural potential, Riau Islands could possibly become one of the economic growth centers for Indonesia in the future, especially now that in some areas of the Riau Islands (Batam, Bintan and Karimun), a pilot project for the development of a 2874:— which were attached to the new province, though not geographically part of the Riau Archipelago. The 2020 census count was 2,064,564, making it one of the fastest growing province in Indonesia; the official estimate as at mid 2023 was 2,162,100, confirming continued growth. 2033:

the basic needs of the Riau Islands population were brought in more from Singapore instead of the rest of Indonesia. Even some of the some needs of Singapore residents were usually imported from the Riau Islands has been disrupted. Hostilities ceased in 1966 after the

6127:. Epok-epok is a pastry made from flour dough which is printed with a special mold, with a filling typical for epok-epok. In the past, epok-epok are usually made of spicy potatoes, but now many other ingredients have been added to epok-epok as variations of flavor. 5333:

influence. The flexibility of Malay culture is in line with the historical development and geographical location of Riau, making Riau very rich with a variety of artistic expressions. The development of Malay culture in Riau, in turn, can enrich national culture.

3230:

company is the second largest company in the Riau Islands after bauxite. Tin companies also have the same situation as bauxite companies that are experiencing a decline. The tin company which initially had 25 companies in 2009 decreased to 22 companies in 2010.

3304:

content the partnership was not able to start production. In 1995, the Indonesian government signed a contract with Exxon but in 2007, the contract was terminated. In 2008, the block was awarded to Pertamina. The new agreement was signed between Pertamina and

5588:

Dance is displayed in various events, including festivals. In the show, the dancers demonstrate their ability to take something (handkerchief, change, etc.). They do this by flexing (standing up, bending backwards). From this skill then this dance is called

2061:). In the 1980s, based on Government Regulation No. 34 of 1983, the Batam District was upgraded to the Batam Municipality. This body runs the government and community administration and supports the development carried out by the Batam Authority (BP Batam). 1449:

of Mahmud Shah was Engku Puteri Hamidah, whose only child had died an hour after birth. In the following chaos, Engku Puteri was expected to install Tengku Hussein as the next sultan, because he had been preferred by the late Mahmud Shah. Based on the royal

1914:

The call for revival of the sultanate continued throughout the period of autonomous rule under the Riau Council, although the influence of republicanism also continued to strengthen. The appeal of revival began to subside following the dissolution of the

1986:

in appearance, having a much higher value. Malayan money was withdrawn from 1 November 1963. The Riau rupiah was exchangeable as a foreign currency with the Indonesian rupiah. Since 1 July 1964, the Riau rupiah is no longer valid, being replaced by the

5249:

cultural influences in neighboring countries and other Indonesian cultures. Riau Malay art is very diverse, because small groups that exist in the community are also developing. The fact shows, the arts in Riau and the arts in Malay countries such as

1300:

was asked to assist the Regent of Johor, and managed to achieve control of Riau due to the internal struggle between the members of the Johor Sultanate. The Bugis made Bintan a major trading center. Riau and Bintan also attracted British, Chinese,

1109:

As many as three hundred ships were used to force Chinese ships returning from the Indian Ocean into pirate harbors and to attack those who resisted. Large quantities of Chinese ceramics have been recovered on Bintan, some date back to the early

2127:

The number of members of the assembly is at least thirty-five people and at most one hundred people with a term of office of five years and ends when the new assembly member takes an oath. Assembly membership was formalized by a decision of the

5790:. Historians and cultural experts argue that this weapon originated from ancient Japan which experienced acculturation with Malay culture. Regardless of this opinion, the sword of genius remains a Malay people's identity on the national scene. 1527:, backed by the British, was installed as the Sultan of Johor and ruled over Singapore and Peninsular Johor. He later ceded Singapore to the British in return for their support during the dispute. Both sultans of Johor and Riau acted mainly as 5584:. It originated back in the 12th century in Tanjungpisau. Originally, it was only performed at the Royal Palace of the Kingdom of Bentan in Bukit Batu, Bintan. As the kingdom collapsed, this dance became a folk entertainment show. At present, 5454:

shaped like songkok or peci. Typically, the skirt is only used for formal ceremonies or events such as feasts and custom ceremonies. However, these decorations are usually only worn on formal occasions such as death or marriage. Occasionally,

4492:, but its speakers (mostly elderly) are rapidly diminishing and replaced by the local Malay dialects on the islands (to a lesser extent, the usage of standard Indonesian was also the cause of the diminishment of native dialect speakers). The 5497:

is a traditional theatrical art of the Malay community which is still sustainable today. Although it is not often performed, every service is always welcomed by enthusiastic residents, especially those who love Malay culture and native art.

2635:

Bunguran Barat, Bunguran Batubi, Bunguran Selatan, Bunguran Tengah, Bunguran Utara, Bunguran Timur, Bunguran Timur Laut, Midai, Pulau Laut, Pulau Panjang, Pulau Seluan, Pulau Tiga, Pulau Tiga Barat, Serasan, Serasan Timur, Suak Midai, Subi

3008:

found that most of the coral reef ecosystems and mangrove forests in a number of locations in the waters around Batam are in a good condition. Nevertheless, there are some threats that might endanger the ecosystem in the province, such as

1648:

was not being raised during his visit to the royal palace. In his report to the governor he wrote; "it seems that he (Sultan Abdul Rahman II) acted as if he was a sovereign king and he raises his own flag". Based on several records in the

5502:

performances are usually performed by groups of dancers and musicians, who combine various religious elements, theatrical, dance, music, vocals and texts. The main characters are male and female, both are performed by female dancers. The

1977:

was the principal currency in the region. To affirm its fiscal stake in the region, a decree was passed on 15 October 1963 to replace the Malaya and British Borneo dollar (the circulating currency) with an Indonesian-issued currency, the

1464:) of Johor-Riau, and the installation of a new sultan was only valid if it took place with the regalia. The regalia was fundamental to the installation of the sultan; it was a symbol of power, legitimacy and the sovereignty of the state. 5781:

is a type of sword that became the most popular traditional weapon in the Riau area. This sword was often used by Malay warlords in the face of his enemies. The sword has a length of about 1 meter so it is often used for close combat.

3879:

such as Sekolah Global Indo-Asia, The Independent School Batam, Australian Intercultural School, Sekolah Djuwita Batam, etc. Most of the teachers that worked in these international schools are English-educated teachers from Singapore,

3762:(SCC). While in Tanjung Pinang, the Sri Bintan Pura Harbour is the largest harbour in Bintan. This port connects the city of Tanjung Pinang with ports to the north (Lobam port and Bulang Linggi port), with islands to the west, such as 3442:

penetration in the outlying regions of the Riau Islands such as Natuna and Anambas are increasing due to the improvement of telecommunication infrastructure compared to the previous years. Several Indonesian network providers such as

3418:

In 2018, the household internet broadband penetration in the Riau Islands is 70%, which is above the Indonesian national figure around 54.86%, according to the survey results from the Indonesian Internet Service Providers Association

2011:

for briefing before operation. These guerrillas aimed to sabotage and spread information to help Indonesia fight the British in Malaysia, disrupting the economy around the Riau Islands, especially Tanjung Balai Karimun. At that time,

2006:

became one of the staging point of Indonesian troops during the confrontation, with the construction of military bases around the city. Anti-Malaysian guerrillas were gathered at Tanjung Balai Karimun to be trained and then sent to

5740:, it only differs in the shape and motive of the holster. Not only domestically, Malaysia also has the same traditional weapons, both in name and form. This is inseparable from the background of Malay communities spread throughout 8775: 1711:

The Dutch officially annexed the sultanate to avoid future claims from the monarchy. Dutch direct rule over the Riau Archipelago began in 1913, and the province was administered as part of the Residency of Riau and Dependencies

3686:. Raden Sadjad Airport is currently being developed as a military airbase due to territory dispute between Indonesia and China on the waters off the coast of the Natuna Islands. Additional facilities, such as aircraft hangars, 6056:(肉骨茶) is another dish found in the Riau Islands, usually consumed by the Chinese people in the province. the dish can only be found in the region as well as neighboring Singapore and Malaysia. Bak kut teh means meat tea bone. 1498:

Just as the British, both the Dutch and Yang Dipertuan Muda then desperately tried to win the royal regalia from Engku Puteri. The reluctant Abdul Rahman, believing he was not the rightful heir, decided to move from Lingga to

3891: 1437:(governor). The other candidate was Tengku Hussein's half-brother, Tengku Abdul Rahman. To complicate matters, neither of the candidates was of full royal blood. The mother of Tengku Hussein, Cik Mariam, owed her origin to a 5669:

in general. Height of about 1.5 meters from the ground surface. The walls of the house are made of brown planks, while the roof is red zinc. The doors, windows and pillars on the front of the house are painted in white oil.

4065:

Riau Islands is a very diverse and multi-ethnic province. Owing to its proximity to Singapore, many people from other parts of Indonesia has migrated to the province. As of 2010, the ethnic groups in Riau Island consist of

3734:

company as well as private vessels. The main ports are located in Batam and Bintan. There largest cargo port is the Port of Batu Ampar in Batam. It serves cargo ships to and from Batam and has a capacity of 1000 container.

1902:

from Tanjung Pinang and Pulau Tujuh, local Malay leaders of Lingga and Dutch Officials in Tanjung Pinang. On 23 January 1948, the states of the Bangka Council, the Belitung Council, and the Riau Council merged to form the

6068:, comes from either the dish brown sauce which is similar to the color of a tea, or that it was originally served with tea to mollify the taste.. This gravy is a pork broth, with spices such as garlic and strong pepper. 4517:. Today, the Jawi script are primarily used for religious and cultural activities. Road signs and government buildings signs in the Riau Islands are also written in this script, usually written along the Latin script. 1141:, visited Riau in 1290. The Queen of Bintan met him, and he combined flotilla of 800 vessels sailed for Bintan where he later became a king. It is also said that it was he who gave name to Singapore. Upon landing on 5625:, the art of development also has characteristics that are reflected in the symbols of traditional houses that are full of meaning. At present, Malay traditional houses can still be found in several regions in the 988:

moved the Malay kingdom center from Johor to Ulu Riau in 1719. This name was used as one of the four main sultanates that formed the kingdoms of Riau, Lingga, Johor and Pahang. However, as the consequences of the

2995:

Riau Islands became one of the coral reef conservation sites in Indonesia. Examples of coral reef conservation sites in the Riau Islands are Karang Alangkalam and Karang Bali. The area's marine life has made the

1491:) for the royal regalia, which she refused. Seeing the diplomatic advantage gained in the region by the British, the Dutch responded by crowning Tengku Abdul Rahman as sultan instead. They also obtained, at the 4440:, is not only mutually unintelligible to the standard Indonesian language, but also mutually unintelligible to the Malay varieties spoken in Bintan and Karimun. The Anambas Malay dialect slightly resembles the 3191:

Riau Islands economic growth continued to decline in the period 2011–2014, then increased in 2014. During the period 2011–2014, the economic performance of the Riau Islands had an average growth rate of 6.31%.

2179:, Lingga. After becoming a Dutch protectorate, a Dutch resident was installed as an adviser to the sultan. For the hereditary position of the Sultan, the sultan was fully subjected under the influence of the 1579:

By the dawn of the 20th century, the association had become a political tool against colonial power, with Raja Muhammad Thahir and Raja Ali Kelana acting as its backbone. Diplomatic missions were sent to the

2080:

and to avoid Riau mainland Minangkabau domination, the Riau islanders demanded to secede. In 2002, after a short effort by the peoples of the archipelago, Riau Islands Province was created by an act of the

5229:, and others which later developed to the publication of books by members of the association. All activities are supported by royal facilities in the form of the Marah Ahmadi Khanah Polar library and two 4664:, and other forms of communication in the Riau Islands, are conducted in Indonesian. It is also used for inter-ethnic communication. Indonesian is spoken as the first language in major cities such as 1199:

and Bintan in 1521. There, he held out against Portuguese attacks, he even laid siege on Malacca in 1524, before a Portuguese counterattack forced him to flee to Sumatra where he died in 1528. Sultan

1102:, today people from a large region of Asia has settled on the Islands. The Riau archipelago is located between the China-India maritime trading route, and was early in the 14th century, together with 7389: 5073:. The Malay people that inhabits Riau Islands is also overwhelmingly adhered to Islam. In addition to Islam, the culture of the Riau Islands has also been influenced by the other religions, such as 1535: 7936:

Opportunities and challenges in the Riau Archipelago and the Riau Province : report on a conference organized by the Indonesian Programme of the S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies

1340: 10612: 4101:. From the ancient times, the Riau Archipelago is considered the hub of Malay cultures. In the past, several Malay kingdoms and sultanates existed in the archipelago, the most notably being the 3556:, which is still under the planning stage. Construction is expected to start in 2020 and finish in 3 to 4 years time. The Batam-Bintan bridge will have a length of around 7 km (4 mi). 4307:

was Singapore in the 14th and 15th centuries. Presently, the Riau Island is one of the province in Indonesia that has the largest number of Chinese population. The capital of the Riau Islands,

8597: 7604: 6276: 5033: 2767:

The total area of the Riau Islands is 8,269.71 km (3,192.95 sq mi) (3,192.95 sq miles), making it the 31st largest province in Indonesia, slightly smaller than the province of

4880:

and India did occur for the first time in the northern Sumatra region because of its strategic position to traders stopover at that time. This condition strengthens the indication that the

3321:. As of 2016, negotiations about the new principal of agreement have not finalized and consequently, a production sharing contract is not signed. The area around the gas field is currently 5910:. The Riau islands traditional nasi lemak is quite similar to Malaysian version; it comes as a platter of coconut rice wrapped in banana leaf, with cucumber slices, small dried anchovies ( 3118:

and the rare udumbara plants that live on the Engku Puteri Plateau, Batam Center. The Riau Islands has 2 nature reserves, namely Pulau Burung Nature Reserve and Pulau Laut Nature Reserve.

10613:"The 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, as amended by the First Amendment of 1999, the Second Amendment of 2000, the Third Amendment of 2001 and the Fourth Amendment of 2002" 10576:

In L. Suryadinata (Ed.), Admiral Zheng He & Southeast Asia (pp. 142–168). Singapore: International Zheng He Society; Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. Call no.: RSING 951.026 ADM.

8787: 7490: 7460: 7520: 7363: 5956: 6111:

in the local Riau Islands Malay, is a famous local snack that can be commonly found everywhere in the province. This pastry is made from flour and potatoes is very easy to find in the

1429:. Royal custom required that the succeeding sultan must be present at his predecessor's deathbed. However at the time Mahmud Shah III died, the eldest prince, Tengku Hussein, was in 9740: 3194:

In 2017, the manufacturing sector formed the largest GDP per share in the province, forming around 36.8% of the total GDP per share of the province. Based on the main commodities,

1309:

and Indian traders. The Dutch however started to look upon Riau and the Bugis as a dangerous rival to Dutch trade in the region, drawing away trade from their ports in Malacca and

858:

The population of the Riau Islands is heterogeneous and is highly diverse in ethnicity, culture, language and religion. The province is home to different ethnic groups such as the

3428: 2120:. Prior to this, the local executives had been elected by a vote of the assembly. The governor office and the province assembly are located in Basuki Rahmat Road at Pulau Dompak, 1700:

and Singapore then took place. To avoid violence and the death of civilians in Pulau Penyengat, the sultan and his officials decided not to fight the Dutch troops. The sultan and

2677:

Bakung Serumpun, Katang Bidare, Kepulauan Posek, Lingga, Lingga Utara, Lingga Timur, Singkep, Singkep Barat, Singkep Selatan, Singkep Pesisir, Senayang, Selayar, Temiang Pesisir

5209:. In essence, this association is a cultural institution that includes art, performance and literature. Its activities began with the commemoration of Islamic holidays, such as 5201:

In the late 1890s, the Rusydiah Club was founded, an association for scholars, writers, and cultural figures. This association was established in the Riau Islands, precisely on

5006: 4245:

is the fifth largest ethnic group in the province, forming 7.69% of the total population. Chinese traders have frequented the region since at least the 13th century, during the

1261:

in 1641 and the decline of Aceh due to the growing power of the Dutch, Johor started to re-established itself as a power along the Straits of Malacca during the reign of Sultan

3375:

5.3 million) to build new power plants in the province with a total capacity of 45.500 KW. The location of the power plants will be scattered at several points such as in

1538:

Ali Kelana, Crown Prince of Riau-Lingga, one of the founding fathers of the Roesidijah Club Riouw, the first modern organisation in the Netherlands East Indies. (taken in 1899)

3544:(resembling present-day Batam). Travelling from the first bridge to the last is about 50 km and takes about 50 minutes. Over time the bridge sites have grown more into a 7630: 4174: 3309:

in 2010. Correspondingly, the field was renamed East Natuna to be geographically more precise. In 2011, the principal of agreement was signed between Pertamina, ExxonMobil,

1234:(Sufi Brotherhood) which flourished in Riau. On the northern part of Sumatra around the same period, the Aceh Sultanate was beginning to gain substantial influence over the 2037:

attempted a coup d'état, resulting in the overthrow of the Sukarno regime which leads to a peace agreement between Indonesia and Malaysia that was signed on 28 May 1966 at

10351: 5119:

which means a third child with a dark/black characteristic. This culture can only be found in the Riau Malay community, both in the Riau Islands as well as mainland Riau.

10326: 3890:

There are around 40 universities in the Riau islands, both public and private universities. Public universities in the Riau Islands falls under the responsibility of the

3507:

services. The Tengku Fisabilillah Bridge which connects Batam and Tonton Island is currently the longest bridge in the Riau Islands. It stretches for 642 meters and is a

9664: 4303:

was in that vicinity. It is more probable, however, that the Song text referred to a different place from the Yuan texts. There is overwhelming evidence to suggest that

5173:, most of the local people knew each other, because the villagers had a strong sense of attachment to each other. Harmony is a characteristic of the community of these 5150:

takes care of all matters relating to religion, such as religious studies and lessons, marriage/ divorce/reconciliation, the distribution of inheritance, collection of

2746:

consists of all of the 5 regencies in the province, together with the cities of Batam and Tanjung Pinang, and elects 4 members to the People's Representative Council.

1774:. However, as the war approached Southeast Asia, the Dutch actively engaged in the defensive system alongside the British, and decided to shelve the restoration plan. 5234:

from those who know much about it. Rusydiah Club left behind a valuable heritage of creativity in the form of books of literature, religion, history and linguistics.

1611:

measures were adopted by the association. The main method of the movement was to hold symbolic boycotts. The Dutch then branded the movement as a passive resistance (

7208: 4899:

forms the second-largest religion group in the province, forming around 14.51% of the total population. The two largest Christian domination in the Riau Islands are

1592:, Syeikh Wan Ahmad Fatani. The Dutch Colonial Office in Tanjung Pinang labelled the organisation as a left-leaning party. The organisation also won support from the 9234: 1644:

that the Sultan was an opponent to the Dutch and immersed with a group of hardcore resistance. Later, on 1 January 1903, the Dutch Colonial Resident found that the

9910: 7114: 6418: 5527:

theater performing arts is played with dances, songs and jokes that are intertwined in a story line, the players are 20 people, women wearing glittering costumes.

3923:

is the least populated in the province, with just 49,090 people. Most of the population of Riau Island is concentrated on the island nearest to Singapore, such as

12448: 11994: 4381:

rather than Riau Malay that formed the basis of the standard Indonesian language. The common Riau Islands Malay dialect, which is spoken in major cities such as

1800: 1572:(homeland) and one's duty towards their native soil. It was also viewed that the penetration of the west in the state was slowly tearing apart the fabric of the 625: 10301: 1124:

Here there are little islands, from which armed black pirates with poised arrows emerged, possessing armed warships; they plunder people but do not enslave them

11840: 8706:"The evolution of the electronics industry on Batam Island (Riau Islands Province, Indonesia): an evolutionary trajectory contributing to regional resilience?" 7673: 8228: 7434: 1664:

On 18 May 1905, the Dutch demanded a new agreement with the sultan, stipulating further limits on the powers of the Riau-Lingga Sultanate, requiring that the

1472:

of the sultanate) supported the reluctant Tengku Abdul Rahman, adhering to the rules of royal protocol, as he had been present at the late Sultan's deathbed.

11860: 6314: 6194: 5438:

custom clothing is a plain color paired with shades of color, a sheath worn over the knee that acts as a scarf, a headband made of songket cloth called the

7393: 3355: 820: 6363: 3431:

so that the internet network can be accessed smoothly. The Palapa Ring network was completed in late 2019 and was inaugurated by the Indonesian president

2397:) are listed below with their areas and their populations at the 2020 census and according to the official estimates for mid 2023, together with the 2021 12556: 12536: 6758:

Karen Peachey, Martin Perry, Carl Grundy-Warr, Clive H Schofield, University of Durham. International Boundaries Research Unit, illustrated, IBRU, 1997,

3559:

Presently, there is no toll road in the Riau Islands. However, the government has announced a plan to build a new toll road in Batam which would connect

823:, the Riau Islands has experienced rapid industrialisation since the 1970s. The Riau Islands is one of the country's most prosperous provinces, having a 10691: 3480:

As most of the Riau Islands consists of oceans and outlying islands, land transportation is only limited to the larger islands in the province, such as

10619: 2198:

After the Dutch fully annexed the sultanate, a Dutch resident was posted in Tanjung Pinang, heading the Residency of Riau and Dependencies. During the

1931:(recovered regions), and the Riau area became a province in August 1957 - composed of both the islands and parts of the mainland, formerly part of the 9416: 5408:

re specifically worn by women. It is typically worn at the time of traditional ceremonies and official events of the local community. The hallmark of

12009: 11781: 9468: 9157: 9132: 9076: 8604: 3205: 253: 10026: 7608: 6280: 5088:

What is typical of the Malay people is the designation of a nickname for a specific person in a family. The first child in a Malay family is called

4163:). This subsystem economic model is the characteristic of their culture. Since the implementation of the policy of relocation of settlements by the 2775:. 96% of the total area of the province is encompassed of ocean and only 4% of it is encompassed of land. The province shares maritime borders with 2116:), which is considered as a unicameral legislative body. Both governors and the members of the assembly are elected by citizens every five years by 2068:

in 1989. But while bringing back some wealth to Riau, the Sijori Growth Triangle somewhat further broke the cultural unity within the islands. With

1214:

Bintan saw many rulers during the time, as the three countries grew and declined in power. Subsequently, the Portuguese attacked Johor in 1587. The

12062: 2967:

go to east and south, therefore water masses will be gathering in Andaman Sea. This resulted in that sea water level increases in northern part of

1568:

the fight against Dutch rule in the kingdom. The late 19th century was marked by growing awareness among the elite and rulers of the importance of

5383:, although there are also those who do not use them. Now the clothes of brackets are widely worn by ordinary people, used by children to read the 5021: 11806: 8809: 7957: 9364: 7498: 7468: 7034: 5729:

is a type of stabbing weapon measuring 27 to 29 cm and its width is around 3.5 to 4 cm. This weapon is not only used by the people of

12443: 11791: 11732: 11668: 11295: 8453: 6593: 4872:

sub-group. Islam has entered the region since at least the 12th century. Contact between the indigenous population and Muslim traders from the

4505:(locally known in Indonesia as "Arab-Melayu"), an Arabic-based writing. However, the use of Jawi is diminishing rapidly, being replaced by the 579: 8967: 7528: 7367: 6007: 5971: 3499:, and major cities in the province such as Batam and Tanjung Pinang provide public transportation services such as buses and taxis along with 1203:

succeeded his father and set up a new capital in the south. The archipelago became the part of the "war triangle" between the Portuguese, the

12453: 12029: 11870: 11865: 11835: 11830: 11771: 11722: 11223: 8559:"Population size, Red List status and conservation of the Natuna leaf monkey Presbytis natunae endemic to the island of Bunguran, Indonesia." 7524: 5770:

is still used by the people of the Riau islands to do production work such as farming or hunting. Some local customs also still maintain the

3836: 788:, was established in the region between 1824 and 1911 before being directly ruled by the Dutch East Indies. The archipelago became a part of 9770: 9390: 9260: 1126:." Log records of Chinese ships testify these incidents in the 12th century. Even after several centuries, the Riau archipelago, especially 12458: 6388: 4973:

forms a significant minority in the province, forming around 6.99% and 0.15% respectively. They are mostly adhered by the Chinese. Lastly,

4432:

is also similar to the Malay used in the Karimun and BIitan Regency. The variety of Malay spoken in the province's northernmost regencies,

4210:

is the dominant ethnic group of the immigrants, forming 24.95% of the total population. The Javanese who stayed here are mostly due to the

3650:. It mostly serves flight to Jakarta and destinations within the province such as Batam and Natuna. Other airports in the province are the 2199: 1749: 997:

and United Kingdom, the Johor-Pahang sultanates fell under British influence, while the Riau-Lingga sultanates fell under Dutch influence.

793: 9748: 4097:

are the largest ethnic group with a composition of 29.95% of the entire population of the Riau Islands. They are the native people of the

3265:

production increased by 5 percent and banana production increased by 50 percent, compared to production in 2010. As for the production of

1770:

in Riau. They discussed prospects for a restoration with Tengku Omar and Tengku Besar, descendants of the sultans, who were then based in

11776: 11727: 11707: 3322: 2955:

and southern part of Malacca Strait. Since seawater level in Pacific Ocean is always higher than in Indian Oceans, the seawater level in

10401: 9442: 11984: 11747: 10426: 9799: 9632: 9520: 8390: 5198:

contemporary art that grows, lives, and develops in urban areas will have a solid and tidy foundation in contributing to national art.

2132:. As of 2019, there are 45 seats in the assembly, scattered in several political parties. The majority (8 seats) are currently held by 11044: 10027:"Website Dinas Kesehatan Provinsi Kepulauan Riau – Hingga Desember 2018, Sebanyak 80% Puskesmas Di Provinsi Kepri Sudah Terakreditasi" 9884: 9858: 8532: 7417:"The Ottomans and Southeast Asia Prior to the Hamidian Era: A Critique of Colonial Perceptions of Ottoman–Southeast Asian Interaction" 7320: 1660:

Abdul Rahman II of Riau Lingga, the last sultan of Riau-Lingga sultanate. He was subsequently deposed by the Dutch and went into exile

12561: 12541: 12019: 12014: 11956: 11855: 11801: 11712: 11637: 10779: 9573: 8506: 7811: 7704: 6079:

can also be found in the province. Teh Tarik is not originally an original beverage from the Riau Islands. This drink is familiar in

4143:

and Singapore. The geographical condition of the Riau Islands, which has almost 99% of its area as water, has made quite a number of

3899: 3848: 2412: 1641: 1483:

in 1795 and saw an opportunity to increase their regional influence. They crowned Tengku Hussein in Singapore, and he took the title

207: 8322: 8085: 2553:

Bintan Pesisir, Bintan Timur, Bintan Utara, Gunung Kijang, Mantang, Seri Kuala Lobam, Tambelan, Teluk Bintan, Teluk Sebong, Toapaya

141: 12024: 11989: 11742: 11737: 11717: 10747: 10734:. Language complexity: Typology, contact, change (Studies in Language Companion Series 94). Amsterdam: Benjamins. pp. 109–131. 9182: 8910: 8745: 4952: 3694: 3632: 2716:

Jemaja, Jemaja Barat, Jemaja Timur, Kute Siantan, Palmatak, Siantan, Siantan Tengah, Siantan Selatan, Siantan Timur, Siantan Utara

2594:

Belat, Buru, Durai, Karimun, Kundur, Kundur Barat, Kundur Utara, Meral, Meral Barat, Moro, Selat Gelam, Sugie Besar, Tebing, Ungar

1881:

The royalist association would not give any public support to the Indonesian movement, as is evident in its refusal to display the

1759: 7634: 7178: 4991: 2475:

Batam Kota, Batu Aji, Batu Ampar, Belakang Padang, Bengkong, Bulang, Galang, Lubuk Baja, Nongsa, Sagulung, Sekupang, Sungai Beduk

12004: 11999: 11702: 10587: 9338: 8642: 7794: 5561:

songs that are sung. The accompanying music consists of fiddles, tambourines, drums and small drum percussion instruments called

4616: 4468:

which means spoon are both used in Anambas and Pontianak. The Natuna Malay people spoke a dialect of Malay that is influenced by

2133: 1890: 10352:"Badan Pusat Statistik Provinsi Kepulauan Riau: Proyeksi Penduduk Perempuan Menurut Kabupaten/Kota dan Kelompok Umur Tahun 2017" 10327:"Badan Pusat Statistik Provinsi Kepulauan Riau: Proyeksi Penduduk Laki-Laki Menurut Kabupaten/Kota dan Kelompok Umur Tahun 2017" 10077: 9312: 3037:

to prevent illegal fishing. This has resulted in the arrest of hundreds of fishing boats and their crews from countries such as

1866:(BKRI) (Indonesian Riau Sovereign Body) on 8 October 1945. The organisation sought to absorb the Riau Archipelago into the then- 12433: 11537: 10129: 8283: 5375:

cloth to be used as a scabbard, various gold jewelry, and a small bag or fan. Since the majority of Malay communities embraced

10103: 9672: 9606: 8481: 7767: 7087: 5112:. The nickname is usually followed by a word that describes the physical characteristics of the person concerned, for example 5069:, and European culture also influenced the culture of the province. The culture of the Riau Islands is also influenced by the 4907:, forming around 11.97% and 2.54% of the total population respectively. Most of the people who adhered Protestantism are from 4607:

of the Chinese people in the Riau Islands. Most of the Chinese varieties spoken in the region have been greatly influenced by

121: 11170: 8994: 7918: 7731: 7006: 6939: 6771: 6654: 6471: 6263: 6099:

and Tanjung Balai Karimun, this drink is commonly available everywhere. The condition of the Riau Islands, which is close to

5989: 3366:

plant and 237 diesel power plant. Currently, the largest power plant in the Riau Islands is the Tanjung Kasam power plant in

2426: 2211: 878:. The area around Batam is also home to many expatriates from different countries. Approximately 80% of these are from other 211: 9936: 9494: 8939: 8201: 6415: 3104:. The Natuna Island surili is one of the 25 most endangered primates on Earth. Wealth of flora in the province includes the 12055: 9021: 6180: 2129: 1966: 1960: 9825: 8191:) as amended by Government Regulation in Lieu of Law No. 1/2022 and Regulation of General Elections Commission No. 6/2023. 8170: 12438: 7150: 4369:

are spoken in the province. There are fifteen different varieties of Malay spoken in the Riau Islands, most of which are

4238:. Most of Minangkabau people work as traders, peddlers, and craftsmen, in addition to doctors, lawyers, and journalists. 3034: 550: 238: 10704: 9950: 9914: 5416:

traditional clothing is the length of the kebaya to cover the knees with the shape of the kebaya looking wide and open.

4127:

are encompasses of numerous tribes and groups inhabiting the islands and estuaries in the Riau-Lingga Archipelagos, the

1523:

was crowned as the Sultan of Riau-Lingga, bearing the name of Sultan Abdul Rahman, with the royal seat in Daik, Lingga.

1160:, fleeing from the sacking of Palembang, stayed on Bintan for several years, gathering his strength before founding the 11661: 11288: 9208: 8097: 6896: 6530: 6231: 3596: 1520: 1387: 11147: 10377: 10051: 8558: 6560: 2979:. Water turbidity was recorded about 22 NTU during the wet season, and it is lower (about 7.4 NTU) in the dry season. 2935: 1831:). The Riouw Council was the devolved national unicameral legislature of Riau, a position equivalent to a Parliament. 1795:

In the aftermath of the war and the struggle against Dutch rule, several exile associations collectively known as the

1669:

Sultan Abdul Rahman II had not been made with the consent of the Dutch and he was also clearly against colonial rule.

1425:

In 1812, the Johor-Riau Sultanate experienced a succession crisis. The death of the Mahmud Shah III in Lingga left no

10991: 10869: 9546: 8893: 8783: 8133: 8070: 7893: 7741: 7714: 7347: 6949: 6871: 6763: 6629: 6570: 6540: 6347: 6239: 4680:

being used as their first language and the local Riau Malay as their second language. Due to it close proximity from

4373:

with Indonesian, which is a standardized form of Malay. The Riau Islands are considered the birthplace of the modern

3830: 2082: 1927:

under the United States of Indonesia. Being one of the last territories merged into Indonesia, Riau was known as the

11898: 10302:"Badan Pusat Statistik Provinsi Kepulauan Riau: umlah Penduduk Pertengahan Tahun Provinsi Kepulauan Riau Tahun 2017" 10206:"Australian Intercultural School | first and the only school in Batam that offers the Western Australian Curriculum" 8261: 7973:"Changing Ethnic Composition and Potential Violent Conflict in Riau Archipelago, Indonesia: An Early Warning Signal" 7681: 4214:

enacted by the Dutch during the colonial period to reduce the overpopulated Java and continued until the end of the

3536:, Riau Islands that was constructed in 1992 and finished in 1997 and was inaugurated by former Indonesian president 938:

to mainland Sumatra while being pursued by the Portuguese. The Portuguese is believed to have reached as far as the

81: 10913: 10535: 6504: 6483: 3774:

islands. For international ferry services, the port of Sri Bintan Pura also has transportation links to Singapore (

3751: 3584: 3576: 3560: 3178:

The economic growth rate of Riau Islands Province in 2005 was 6.57%. Sectors that grew well (faster than the total

3005: 2877:

The highest point in Riau Islands is Mount Daik with a height of 1,165 meters (3,822 ft), which is located on

2137: 1970: 1563:

pilgrimage. Inspired by the experience and intellectual progress attained in the Middle East and influenced by the

1200: 765:. The Riau Islands also have relatively large potential mineral resources and energy, as well as marine resources. 4498:

people also spoke their own variety of Malay which is still related to the Malay spoken in the Batam-Bintan area.

3631:

in Singapore since it serves more destinations to other countries compared to Hang Nadim International Airport or

2926: 1445:

commoner. Tengku Abdul Rahman had a similarly lowborn mother, Cik Halimah. The only unquestionably royal wife and

12551: 12048: 10645: 8016:

Vagg, Jon (1 January 1995), "Rough seas? Contemporary piracy in South East Asia. (Riau Archipelago, Indonesia)",

7154: 3179: 1932: 1465: 7285: 1584:

in 1883, 1895 and in 1905 to secure the liberation of the kingdom by Raja Ali Kelana, accompanied by a renowned

10780:"Islamization in Riau: Historical and Cultural Study of the entry and the development of Islam in Kuntu Kampar" 9696: 7932: 6302:" Produk Domestik Regional Bruto Per Kapita Atas Dasar Harga Berlaku Menurut Provinsi, 2010–2016 (Ribu Rupiah)" 6247: 4260: 4206:, Riau Islands have become a melting pot for different ethnic groups coming from other parts of Indonesia. The 3643: 3318: 1867: 1753: 801: 30:

This article is about the current province of Indonesia. For the archipelago that is part of the province, see

17: 11126: 11074: 3000:

into a scuba diving destination. While there were once threats towards the coral reefs in the region, such as

11654: 11281: 4256: 4202:

Other ethnic group are mostly immigrants coming from different parts of Indonesia. Due to its proximity from

2191:. All matters pertaining the administration of the sultanate including the appointment of the Sultan and the 2064:

Some level of unity returned in the Riau region for the first time after 150 years, with the creation of the

1948: 1058: 11603: 10886: 7796:

Bibliografi Beranotasi : Hasil Penelitian Balai Pelestarian Sejarah dan Nilai Tradisional Tanjungpinang

6258:

M. A. Fawzi Mohd. Basri (1988). Johor, 1855–1917: pentadbiran dan perkembangannya (in Malay). Fajar Bakti.

5507:

performance is accompanied by musical instruments such as fiddle and drums. In the Riau Islands region, the

3919:

is the most populated administrative division in the province, with 1,256,600 people in mid 2023, while the

3021:

in the previous years has been home to illegal fishing due to weak law enforcement in the region. Under the

12205: 10001: 5573:

was only performed by male dancers but now it is usually danced by female dancers or both male and female.

3496: 2261:

During the Dutch East Indies era, the Riau Islands was included in the Residency of Riau and Dependencies (

2021:

Batam and the surrounding islands were heavily fortified to deter possible British and Malaysian invasion.

1650: 1321:'s daughter. Penyengat became for a period a center of government, Islamic religion and the Malay culture. 852: 10483: 7812:"Indonesia-Malaysia Confrontation in 1963–1966 (The Economic Impacts on Society in Tanjung Balai Karimun)" 6212: 4692:

are sometimes used as another lingua franca among Riau Islands people to foreigners, especially in Batam.

1292:

In the early 18th century, the descendants of the Sultan and the Regent of Johor were fighting for power.

12401: 6453:(p. 86– 87). Selangor, Malaysia: Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society. Call no.: RSEA 959.5 MIL. 4535:

descent. The Riau Islands Hokkien is related to the Hokkien spoken in mainland Riau, such as the town of

3783: 3755: 3595:. The airport has the longest runway in Indonesia and the second longest runway in Southeast Asia, after 2922: 1628: 7858: 7578: 6597: 3171:

The geographical position of the Riau Islands, which is close to neighboring countries located near the

1676:

On the morning of 11 February 1911, when the sultan and the court officials were in Daik to perform the

1106:(Singapore). Chinese maritime records one of Riau archipelago's islands was inhabited by Malay pirates. 12477: 11530: 7551: 5614: 4622:

Other ethnic groups who migrated from other parts of Indonesia brought their own language, such as the

3779: 3659: 1908: 1585: 1480: 1344: 1310: 1172: 1145:, the old name of Singapore, he spotted an animal, which he thought was a lion, and renamed Temasek as 1070: 990: 781: 522: 10764: 8780:

Assessment of the capture and storage potential of CO2 co-produced with natural gas in South-East Asia

5712:

itself is a term for traditional weapons which is known among the Bugis community and some regions in

3835:

Education in the Riau Islands, as well as Indonesia in a whole, falls under the responsibility of the

3599:, at 4,214 metres (13,825 ft) long. The airport serve flights to major Indonesian cities such as 976:

which means crowded, frenzied working people. This word is believed used to reflect the nature of the

874:

and others. Economic rise in the region has attracted many immigrants and workers from other parts of

10563:, Vol. 45, No. 1 (221), pp. 1–9. Call no.: RSING 959.5 JMBRAS. Retrieved 29 January 2014, from JSTOR. 5870:. In archipelago region like Riau Islands, usually seafood are used to accompany nasi lemak, such as 4552: 3868: 3687: 3351: 1191:. The fall of Malacca Empire in 1511 when Malacca fell to the Portuguese. Sultan Mahmud Shah fled to 11197: 8438: 7042: 6913: 6619: 4652:

is widely used as the national language. Most formal education, and nearly all national mass media,

1653:, there were some reports that the Sultan then apologized to the governor over the "flag incident". 12546: 11612: 11268: 9048: 7182: 4484:

respectively, as most of the people living there trace their origins from the eastern coast of the

3775: 3709:

is developing a new airport, with runway and maintenance facilities so as to make a new air hub in

3628: 3588: 3540:, who oversaw the project in construction, aiming to transform the Rempang and Galang islands into 3439: 1870:, as the archipelago was still retained by the Dutch. BKRI hoped that the new administration under 895: 10450: 9106: 6700:"Melaka, Johor and Aceh: A bird's eye view over a Portuguese-Malay Triangular Balance (1575–1619)" 3627:. Due to its proximity to Singapore, many people who is travelling abroad usually choose to go to 2963:

Conversely, during the southwest monsoon, May to October, most of the currents in western part of

12118: 11573: 11502: 9053: 7913:, Singapore Asian Studies Association of Australia in association with NUS Press and NIAS Press, 4960: 4916: 4805: 4449: 4433: 4164: 3920: 3863:

which consists of six years at elementary level and three each at middle and high school levels.

3759: 3675: 2940: 2906: 2784: 2708: 2452: 2398: 2338: 1999: 1940: 1919:

on 4 April 1950. After the official withdrawal by the Dutch in 1950, the Riau Archipelago became

1645: 1504: 1099: 958: 848: 702: 614: 593: 564: 12168: 8643:"Kajian dan Analisis Sumber Daya Manusia (Tinjauan IPM) Provinsi Kepulauan Riau Tahun 2005–2013" 6860:

M.C. Ricklefs; Bruce Lockhart; Albert Lau; Portia Reyes; Maitrii Aung-Thwin (19 November 2010).

4155:

are boat-dwelling tribe with main livelihoods as fish finders and other marine animals, such as

3552:. The Tengku Fisabilillah Bridge will be surpassed as the longest bridge in the province by the 3257:

plants experienced a very small increase of 2.4 percent. As for fruit production, in 2011, only

1559:

and Singapore could take no more than a fortnight; thus these cities became major ports for the

12071: 10451:

Aris Ananta; Evi Nurvidya Arifin; M. Sairi Hasbullah; Nur Budi Handayani; Agus Pramono (2015).

7933:

Riau Roundtable (2007 : Singapore); S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies (2007),

6968:

Matheson, Virginia (1989). "Pulau Penyengat : Nineteenth Century Islamic Centre of Riau".

6018: 5085:, the culture of the Riau Islands mostly relate to the culture of the Malay people themselves. 4370: 4211: 3106: 2987: 2065: 1838:(The Council of Riau People Administration), with the members hailing from Tudjuh Archipelago, 1681: 1184: 678: 532: 330: 283: 8060: 6861: 6741: 6726: 3794:

Health-related matters in the Riau Islands is administered by the Riau Islands Health Agency (

2738:

The province forms one of Indonesia's 84 national electoral districts to elect members to the

1619:), and passive acts such as ignoring the raising of the Dutch flag were met with anger by the 12531: 12411: 12385: 11523: 8883: 8425: 8123: 5894: 5717: 5206: 5081:. However, as the Riau Islands is considered as the home of the Malay people and part of the 4845: 4657: 4215: 4102: 3959: 3763: 3758:. Connections to Singapore are by way of Harbourfront and Tanah Merah Ferry Terminals run by 3359: 3285: 3187: 2902: 2739: 2589: 2144: 2099: 2034: 1608: 1524: 1484: 1456:(customary observance), the consent of Engku Puteri was crucial as she was the holder of the 1418: 1330: 1215: 1091: 1082: 1034: 977: 785: 215: 64: 6704:

Actas do Colóquio Nouvelles Orientations de la Recherche Sur l'Histoire de l'Asie Portugaise

2187:

on the apex of the monarchy system, he is under the direct control of the Dutch Resident in

2143:

Prior to Dutch colonization, most of the modern-day province of Riau Islands is part of the

1777: 685:

from which the Riau Islands Province were separated in 2002. The capital of the province is

12258: 12080: 11888: 11052: 11018: 8914: 8679: 8650: 8645:[Study and Analysis of Human Resources (HDI review) in the Riau Islands 2005–2013] 8536: 7324: 6176: 5918:). The Riau islands version however, comes with an addition of small fish locally known as 5884: 5266: 5218: 4677: 4631: 4528: 3912: 3860: 3803: 3679: 3093: 3054: 2867: 1511: 1262: 1161: 832: 725:

to the north. It comprises a total of 2,028 islands (1,798 having names) scattered between

472: 10804: 7884:

Carver, Michael (1986). "Conventional Warfare in the Nuclear Age". In Paret, Peter (ed.).

7234:

Matheson, Virginia (1986). "Strategies of Survival: The Malay Royal Line of Lingga-Riau".

3379:. It also aimed that by 2020, all villages in the Riau Islands will be fully electrified. 1834:

After establishing itself in Tanjung Pinang, the group formed a new organisation known as

1179:(Lit: Wasp island), lithography of an original watercolour by J.C. Rappard. ca. 1883–1889. 8: 11565: 11257: 9775: 9714: 6042: 5816: 5630: 4928: 4673: 4649: 4612: 4544: 4420: 4362: 4083: 4019: 3814: 3795: 3553: 3508: 3420: 3387: 2804: 2221: 2202:, Japanese military officers and local Indonesian nationalist leaders headed the region. 2109: 2050: 1995: 923: 863: 658: 452: 11263: 10744: 7911:

Being Malay in Indonesia : histories, hopes and citizenship in the Riau Archipelago

5804: 1635:, advocating that the sultanate and association be crushed as resistance in the earlier 12352: 12314: 12276: 12271: 12228: 11515: 8803: 8029: 7992: 7267: 7259: 7186: 5548:

as an international port in the 16th century. This can be seen from the development of

5523:. In the Riau Islands, this oral tradition developed rapidly during the sultanate era. 5290: 5261:

mutually complement and influence each other. Likewise, Malay cultural regions such as

5214: 4982: 4944: 4940: 4853: 4635: 4366: 4242: 4219: 4128: 4079: 4004: 3549: 3545: 3473:

The cable-stayed Tengku Fisabilillah Bridge connecting Batam and Tonton, a part of the

3073: 3017:

is also one of the factor that damages the ecosystem in the region. The sea around the

2847: 2290: 2164: 2117: 2028:

In the 1970s, the city of Batam started an industrial boom, which continues to this day

1729: 1620: 1492: 1258: 1235: 871: 392: 386: 258: 10682:

Sneddon 2003, "The Indonesian Language: Its History and Role in Modern Society", p. 70

8857: 4587:, also in Fujian. Other varieties of Chinese are also spoken in the province, such as 1475:

Rivalry between the British and the Dutch intensified. The British had earlier gained

12337: 10865: 10859: 10137: 8889: 8727: 8458: 8417: 8129: 8066: 8033: 7996: 7951: 7914: 7889: 7737: 7710: 7392:(in Indonesian). Tanjung Pinang: Tanjungpinangpos.co.id. 2 March 2013. Archived from 7343: 7271: 7251: 7002: 6945: 6892: 6867: 6815: 6767: 6759: 6650: 6625: 6566: 6536: 6467: 6343: 6301: 6259: 6235: 5472: 5450:

is complemented by a headdress called a peak which is a head covering made of square

5359: 5294: 5262: 5258: 4920: 4912: 4873: 4623: 4580: 4514: 3591:

in case of an emergency, it has sufficient facilities for wide-body aircraft such as

3172: 2968: 2180: 1988: 1983: 1787: 1763: 1604: 1514:

of Johor-Riau under the Anglo-Dutch treaty of 1824, by which the region north of the

1334: 1188: 1046: 931: 859: 828: 773: 575: 546: 504: 480: 468: 380: 10969: 9976: 7340:

Prince of Pirates : The Temenggongs and the Developments of Johor and Singapore

6198: 5609: 5387:, or ladies to go to the market, without including accessories that seem luxurious. 3288:

in Indonesia (estimated to 1.3 billion m). The field was discovered in 1973 by

12515: 12503: 12370: 12294: 12243: 12238: 12092: 11915: 11686: 11315: 11100: 9026: 8972: 8944: 8717: 8025: 7984: 7243: 6977: 6842: 6805: 6797: 5832: 5828: 5820: 5658: 5626: 5274: 5202: 4998: 4865: 4685: 4556: 4489: 4469: 4401:, although it is much more influenced by the Indonesian language. It served as the 4343: 4324: 4191: 4098: 4094: 4087: 4067: 4034: 3738:

Major cities such as Batam and Tanjung Pinang serves international ferry routes to

3706: 3492: 3448: 2843: 2168: 1855: 1782: 1762:

broke out, the Dutch initially seemed reluctant to defend their territories in the

1685: 1515: 1314: 1278: 738: 674: 488: 368: 31: 11273: 8824: 5678:

One of the most famous traditional house of the people of the Riau Islands is the

5424:

cloth such as cual fabric. For the wedding, the groom wore a head covering called

4840:

is the dominant religion in the province, forming 78.29% of the total population.

4676:

in the Riau Islands use Indonesian as their third language, with Hokkien or other

3911:

According to the 2020 national census results (released in 2021 by the Indonesian

851:

of 0.748, also the fourth highest among all provinces in Indonesia after Jakarta,

12486: 12406: 12380: 12248: 12233: 11938: 11753: 11583: 11490: 11473: 11444: 11424: 11400: 11366: 11346: 11341: 10751: 9700: 8049:

Francis E. Hutchinson, Siwage Dharma Negara; The Riau Islands: Setting Sail, 2021

7939:, S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies, Nanyang Technological University 6996: 6859: 6756:

The Riau Islands and economic cooperation in the Singapore Indonesian border zone

6436: 6422: 6337: 5848: 5836: 5824: 5766:

is also one of the identities that characterizes the Malay people. Until now the

5734: 5569:

dance focuses more on teamwork rather than individual efforts. Before the 1960s,

5326: 5302: 5298: 5286: 5070: 5058: 5054: 4978: 4904: 4890: 4849: 4818: 4801: 4639: 4627: 4588: 4485: 4445: 4441: 4416: 4411: 4390: 4365:

is the official language of the state, as well as the province. However, several

4347: 4207: 4140: 4071: 3974: 3663: 3541: 3512: 3474: 3065: 3030: 3014: 2972: 2956: 2898: 2890: 2859: 2800: 2584: 2360: 2286: 2085:

with the capital of the former sultanate, Tanjung Pinang, as provincial capital.

2017: 1886: 1851: 1725: 1534: 1438: 1369: 1293: 1204: 1176: 1157: 1022: 898:. The province also has the second largest number of foreign tourist arrivals in 867: 836: 816: 797: 784:, in which the archipelago fell under Dutch influence. A Dutch protectorate, the 769: 750: 730: 714: 484: 476: 374: 7523:(in Indonesian). Tanjung Pinang: Balai Pelestarian Nilai Budaya Tanjung Pinang, 7491:"Verzeparty dan Lydelyk Verzet: Perdirian Roesidijah (Club) Riouw 1890-an −1991" 7461:"Verzeparty dan Lydelyk Verzet: Perdirian Roesidijah (Club) Riouw 1890-an −1991" 7390:"Verzeparty dan Lydelyk Verzet: Perdirian Roesidijah (Club) Riouw 1890-an −1991" 7066:"Gender, Islam and the Bugis Diaspora in Nineteenth- and Twentieth-Century Riau" 6392: 6248:

University of Toronto Quarterly, Volume 74, Number 1, Winter 2004/5, pp. 528-530

6107:

has made Teh Tarik to spread around the Riau Islands. Curry puff, also known as

5540:

in Yemen by Arab traders in the early 16th century. At that time the country of

5511:

oral tradition has been exhibited since several centuries ago and has spread to

3402:

the future. Examples of dams that are being constructed are the Sei Gong Dam in

1339: 934:

in the early 16th century, the remaining Malaccan nobles and subjects fled from

835:

8,300.82) as of 2011, the fourth highest among all provinces in Indonesia after

12365: 12329: 12309: 12304: 11966: 11907: 11850: 11646: 11593: 11588: 11578: 9235:"Di Kepri, PLN Targetkan Ada Listrik di Semua Desa di 5 Kabupaten Sebelum 2019" 8062:

Deepening Democracy in Indonesia?: Direct Elections for Local Leaders (Pilkada)

6684:

Portuguese Sea Battles – Volume II – Christianity, Commerce and Corso 1522–1538

6096: 6080: 5481: 5270: 5136:

is a village administrator chosen based on government regulations. Besides the

4956: 4936: 4932: 4740: 4669: 4608: 4572: 4510: 4437: 4429: 4424: 4382: 4374: 4351: 4320: 4308: 4296: 4231: 3767: 3683: 3667: 3504: 3376: 3281: 3250: 3222: 3101: 3018: 2948: 2894: 2878: 2863: 2839: 2835: 2667: 2625: 2545: 2508: 2371: 2349: 2327: 2294: 2278: 2274: 2270: 2262: 2188: 2121: 1974: 1944: 1824: 1816: 1808: 1733: 1713: 1689: 1612: 1581: 1528: 1488: 1378: 1358: 1208: 969: 883: 824: 777: 742: 686: 459: 109: 8722: 8705: 7733:

The SIJORI Cross-Border Region: Transnational Politics, Economics, and Culture

7633:(in Indonesian). Tanjung Pinang: TanjungPinangPos. 6 July 2013. Archived from 7247: 6339:

The SIJORI Cross-Border Region: Transnational Politics, Economics, and Culture

3358:, as of 2017, there are 240 power plants in the Riau Islands, consisting of 2 3186:

The potential of natural wealth in the Riau Islands comes from mining and the

3064:

are the fauna and flora symbol of the Riau Islands province respectively. The

2195:

must be made within the knowledge and even the consent of the Dutch Resident.

12525: 12463: 12360: 12319: 12153: 12138: 11974: 11946: 11845: 11819: 11811: 11766: 11697: 11625: 11557: 10730:

Gil, David (2008). Miestamo, Matti; Sinnemäki, Kaius; Karlsson, Fred (eds.).

8731: 8125:

Indonesia Country Study Guide Volume 1 Strategic Information and Developments

8037: 7605:"Meneroka Peran Cendekiawan Kerajaan Riau-Lingga dalam Menentang Belanda (3)" 7364:"Meneroka Peran Cendekiawan Kerajaan Riau-Lingga dalam Menentang Belanda (2)" 7255: 6819: 6810: 6277:"Meneroka Peran Cendekiawan Kerajaan Riau-Lingga dalam Menentang Belanda (3)" 6124: 5862:, with some notable differences compared to the variety found in neighboring 5852: 5799: 5622: 5581: 5512: 5390:

However, the main traditional dress of the people of the Riau Islands is the

5278: 5230: 5050: 5049:

The culture of the Riau Islands is strongly influenced by the culture of the

5013: 4900: 4857: 4814: 4770: 4720: 4596: 4576: 4540: 4536: 4403: 4339: 4335: 4280: 3928: 3710: 3671: 3647: 3537: 3530: 3485: 3403: 3310: 3300:

formed a joint venture to develop Natuna D-Alpha. However, due to the high CO

3217:

The third largest sector is the mining industry. Riau Islands is the largest

3085: 3010: 3001: 2882: 2871: 2831: 2823: 2819: 2792: 2152: 2024: 1847: 1839: 1704:(the Queen) left Pulau Penyengat and sailed to Singapore in the royal vessel 1476: 1446: 1426: 1318: 1251: 1127: 981: 682: 184: 156: 143: 7122:. Tanjung Pinang: Dinas Pariwisata, Seni dan Budaya Provinsi Kepulauan Riau. 6833:

Andaya, Léonard Y. (2001). "Aceh's Contribution to Standards of Malayness".

4977:

only forms around 0.05% of the total population, which is mostly adhered by

4198:

1936. The Chinese has inhabited the Riau Islands since the late 18th century

3052:

The wealth of flora and fauna in the Riau Islands is also very diverse. The

2951:. It is depends on the different between seawater level in northern part of 2514:

Bukit Bestari, Tanjungpinang Barat, Tanjungpinang Kota, Tanjungpinang Timur

1965:

After the war, from 1950 the Riau archipelago was a duty-free zone till the

12342: 12190: 12158: 11927: 11920: 11796: 11786: 11155: 11045:"Daftar 10 Nama Tarian Daerah Riau & Kepulauan Riau untuk Anda Ketahui" 7659: 6981: 6846: 5330: 5078: 4970: 4896: 4886: 4881: 4830: 4797: 4793: 4750: 4532: 4506: 4473: 4316: 4246: 4223: 4187: 4160: 3989: 3813:

The most prominent hospital is the Riau Islands Regional General Hospital (

3702: 3651: 3616: 3572: 3398: 3383: 3240: 2834:. There are around 3,200 islands in the province, which has its capital at 2827: 2008: 1897: 1859: 1767: 1564: 1442: 1401: 1302: 1274: 1270: 1222: 1153: 1111: 430: 418: 11253: 10184: 9286: 8364: 7988: 5811:

Sambal Cumi, a variety of Nasi Lemak that can be found in the Riau Islands

4279:

sent a mission to China with a memorial and tribute. The nearby island of

3511:

with two 118 m high pylons and main span 350 m. The bridge is part of the

12491: 12375: 12040: 8418:"Peremasalahan Illegal Fishing Dan Ancaman Bagi Ekosistem Laut Indonesia" 7972: 6112: 6053: 5749: 5646: 5638: 5364: 5338: 5226: 5222: 5082: 4924: 4672:, while it is spoken as a second language elsewhere in the province. The 4502: 4378: 4251: 3884: 3747: 3469: 3432: 3363: 3342: 3284:

located in the north-eastern part of the province is home to the largest

3226:

decline in the number of workers and output produced by this sector. The

3195: 3022: 2964: 2952: 1979: 1119: 994: 953:

which means sea water. The word is allegedly derived from the figure of

666: 10921: 7934: 7263: 6532:

Southeast Asia: A Historical Encyclopedia, from Angkor Wat to East Timor

5493:

is one of the traditional dances that can be found in the Riau Islands.

4271:, which means "Dragon's Tooth Strait" in Chinese, first appeared in the 2912: 1911:- with seats in the federal People's Representative Council and Senate. 1133:

During the 12th to 13th century, the Riau archipelago was a part of the

753:), the province shares water borders with neighboring countries such as 12220: 7607:(in Indonesian). Batam: Batampos.co.id. 4 November 2014. Archived from 7366:(in Indonesian). Batam: Batampos.co.id. 4 November 2014. Archived from 6671:

Portuguese Sea Battles – Volume I – The First World Sea Power 1139–1521

6279:(in Indonesian). Batam: Batampos.co.id. 4 November 2014. Archived from 6076: 5996: 5859: 5858:

One of the most popular dish in the Riau Islands is its variety of the

5808: 5537: 4653: 4603:, albeit to a lesser extent compared to Hokkien. Hokkien serves as the 4494: 4477: 4292: 4106: 3867:

are under the responsibility of the Ministry of Religious Affairs. The

3592: 3306: 3077: 3026: 2997: 2470: 1771: 1665: 1544: 1500: 1247: 1095: 985: 939: 746: 10663: 10465: 10455:. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies dan BPS – Statistics Indonesia. 10160:"International School Batam | Batam Kota | Sekolah Global Indo – Asia" 9365:"Batam Terancam Kekeringan, Bendungan Sei Gong Dipercepat Halaman all" 8171:"Human Development Index by Regencies/Cities in the Riau Islands 2021" 6434:

Schnitger, F. M., Fürer-Haimendorf, C. & Tichelman, G. L. (1939).

6115:. In Malaysia or Singapore, for example. Epok-epok is better known as 5305:

cultures. Cultures influence that come from outside Indonesia such as

3730:

boats, etc. This ships consists of a ship operated by the state-owned

3350:

Electricity distribution in the state are operated and managed by the

3253:

plants in 2011 experienced a very high increase of 118 percent. While

2838:

in the south of Bintan Island. The Riau Islands province includes the

2759: 1982:, which replaced the dollar at par. Although the rupiah resembled the 12299: 12210: 12195: 11321: 11224:"Tak Hanya Berisi Kentang, Ini Dia Resep Epok-epok Kekinian di Batam" 9837: 9585: 8240: 6398: 6364:"Kunjungan Turis Asing ke Kepri Tempati Urutan Kedua secara Nasional" 6104: 6088: 6072: 5867: 5741: 5426: 5355: 5347: 5254: 4943:, while most of the people who adhered Catholicism are migrants from 4681: 4661: 4600: 4592: 4584: 4548: 4287:

was already known to the Yuan court before 1320. Another place named

4203: 3872: 3807: 3739: 3612: 3587:

in Batam. Originally developed to handle diversions of aircraft from

3452: 3444: 3386:

in the province is managed by the Riau Islands Municipal Waterworks (

3293: 3266: 3262: 3258: 3115: 3013:

which is mostly produced by households that are thrown into the sea.

2077: 1600:(Sultanate Administrative Board). Its activities outraged the Dutch. 1573: 1552: 1469: 1434: 1146: 1138: 1134: 899: 891: 875: 809: 789: 754: 706: 495: 10692:

The Natuna Islands: Geographically Malaysian, politically Indonesian

9693: 8454:"Indonesia blows up and sinks another 81 fishing boats for poaching" 8229:"Jadi Zona Perdagangan Bebas, Batam Dinilai Mampu Lampaui Singapura" 7836: 7416: 7065: 5657:

house is one of the traditional houses of the Malays inhabiting the

3515:, a chain of 6 Bridges of various types that connect the islands of 1284: 12286: 12123: 10944:"9+ Ragam Baju Adat Sumatera Yang Keren dan Wajib Kamu Tahu (2018)" 10840: 10226: 9469:"APJII: Jumlah Pengguna Internet di Indonesia Tembus 171 Juta Jiwa" 6699: 6100: 6084: 5863: 5745: 5489: 5351: 5314: 5250: 5241: 5074: 4974: 4966: 4826: 4822: 4789: 4785: 4760: 4730: 4689: 4560: 4398: 3880: 3864: 3743: 3698: 3624: 3620: 3608: 3371: 3314: 3274: 3221:

producing region in Indonesia. This can be seen from the number of

3038: 2855: 2780: 2254: 2042: 1875: 1804: 1636: 1297: 1226:

Arabia were housed in special religious hostels, while devotees of

758: 722: 710: 512: 436: 424: 7886:

The Makers of Modern Strategy: From Machiavelli to the Nuclear Age

6037:

Another notable dish that can be found in the Riau Islands is the

5237: 1656: 741:. Situated on one of the world's busiest shipping lanes along the 12200: 12133: 12105: 12084: 11979: 11762: 11412: 9833: 9800:"Kepulauan Riau Ingin Jokowi Segera Bangun Jembatan Batam-Bintan" 9581: 9417:"Atasi Defisit Air, Bendungan Sei Busung di Bintan Dibangun 2021" 8746:"Terbaru, Segini Jumlah Perusahaan Asing di Kota Batam Sekarang…" 8236: 7423:. Oxford University Press. pp. 149–174 – via Academia. 6065: 5875: 5840: 5753: 5713: 5666: 5545: 5516: 5461: 5431: 5371: 5185: 5124: 4948: 4525: 4521: 4136: 3771: 3655: 3636: 3600: 3523: 3254: 3236: 3218: 3210: 3089: 3049:

Beach, Melayu Beach, Pelawan Beach, Sisi Beach and Cemaga Beach.

3042: 2916:

Tropical vegetation on Mount Ranai in eastern Great Natuna Island

2776: 2293:

was administered separately as part of the Pulau-Tujuh Division (

2184: 2038: 2013: 1924: 1871: 1843: 1732:

was administered separately as part of the Pulau-Tujuh Division (

1461: 1231: 1142: 1103: 1098:

people (sea nomads). Later migrants came from southern China and

935: 840: 726: 718: 11269:

http://www.navegar-es-preciso.com/news/archipielago-de-tambelan/

10914:"34 Pakaian Adat di Indonesia, Kekayaan yang Masih Dilestarikan" 9521:"Internet Cepat di Natuna, Ini Kata Para Nelayan... Halaman all" 7680:(in Indonesian). Tanjung Pinang. 9 February 2013. Archived from 5965:, commonly consumed by the Chinese community in the Riau Islands 4105:. A major sub-group of the Malay inhabiting the province is the 3721: 2858:; the Tudjuh Archipelago consists of four distinct groups – the 1807:

faction known as the Association of the Indigenous Riau Malays (

1720:). The Dutch Residency consisted of Tanjung Pinang, Lingga, the 1149:(Lion City). He also proclaimed himself as a king of Singapore. 12185: 11824: 10943: 10671:

The Indonesian Language: Its History and Role in Modern Society

9391:"Pembangunan Rampung, Bendungan Sei Gong Batam Mulai Diisi Air" 9261:"Bangun PLTD di Kepulauan Riau, PLN Investasikan Rp 721 Miliar" 8482:"Explaining Indonesia's 'Sink The Vessels' Policy Under Jokowi" 8391:"Limbah plastik ancam ekosistem perairan Kepri, ujar pengamatm" 7088:"Engku Puteri Raja Hamidah: Permaisuri Melayu Berjiwa Srikandi" 6798:"Three Questions about Maritime Singapore, 16th–17th Centuries" 6315:"Human Development Indices by Province, 2010–2018 (New Method)" 6304:. Badan Pusat Statistik. Diakses pada tanggal 27 November 2017. 6033:

Johor in Malaysia, similar to the one found in the Riau Islands

5924: 5844: 5787: 5634: 5562: 5520: 5403: 5392: 5343: 5310: 5210: 4564: 4481: 4312: 4264: 3429:

Indonesian Ministry of Communication and Information Technology

3270: 3111: 3081: 2851: 2796: 2768: 2382: 2148: 1781:

An article by H. M. Hassan entitled "The Singapore heir to the

1627:(Dutch East Indies Council) and the Advisor on Native Affairs, 1430: 1266: 1239: 1227: 1192: 954: 887: 762: 734: 500: 242: 10185:"Independent School Batam – Satuan Pendidikan Kerjasama (SPK)" 9077:"Rp 500 Miliar untuk Pembangunan Infrastruktur Kepulauan Riau" 6026: 5379:, many women who wear clothes in brackets match them with the 4804:, as well as other migrants from various ethnic groups in the 3583:

The province is served by several airports, the largest being

12128: 11951: 11883: 11875: 11758: 11620: 11485: 11468: 11336: 8147: 8145: 7859:"Basis KKO Di Batam & Masa – Masa Sulit Saat Konfrontasi" 6092: 6038: 6030: 5981: 5933: 5929: 5907: 5815:

Cuisine in the Riau Islands are mostly similar to the one in

5730: 5708: 5554: 5541: 5531: 5434:

that is folded into a headband. A distinctive feature of the

5421: 5384: 5380: 5376: 5322: 5318: 5306: 5282: 5190: 5151: 5066: 5062: 4908: 4869: 4861: 4841: 4837: 4810: 4781: 4710: 4665: 4643: 4568: 4394: 4386: 4331: 4235: 4132: 4116: 4075: 3924: 3916: 3859:). In Indonesia, all citizens must undertake twelve years of 3731: 3604: 3516: 3500: 3481: 3407: 3367: 3297: 3245: 3060: 2976: 2815: 2788: 2630: 2316: 2160: 2069: 2003: 1697: 1589: 1556: 1548: 1306: 1196: 1115: 804:(1945–1949). The Riau Islands separated from the province of 698: 690: 589: 560: 412: 194: 10561:

Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society

10276: 9885:"Akhirnya, Trase Jalan Tol Batam Lewat Dalam Kota | Ekonomi" 9859:"Batam Bakal Miliki Jalan Tol, Begini Skenarionya | Ekonomi" 9133:"Pemerintah Dorong Percepatan Aksesibilitas Energi di Kepri" 8995:"PTTEP to replace Petronas in Indonesia East Natuna Project" 7435:"Syeikh Ahmad al Fathani dan Sejarah Percetakan Riau Lingga" 7209:"Engku Puteri: Perempuan Istimewa Penjaga Harga Diri Bangsa" 6596:. Indonesia Tourism: Government of Indonesia. Archived from 6148: 6146: 6144: 6142: 6140: 5342:

is one of the traditional clothes of the Malay community in

4135:

Archipelago, and the coasts and offshore islands of eastern

3754:, Nongsapura Ferry Terminal, Sekupang, Waterfront City, and 3491:

As in other provinces in Indonesia, the Riau Islands uses a

1288:

The Tomb of Puteri Hamidah, Queen of Sultan Mahmud Shah III.

12266: 12177: 12143: 12113: 11879: 11456: 11378: 9977:"Website Dinas Kesehatan Provinsi Kepulauan Riau – Beranda" 9665:"Gesa Pembangunan Infrastruktur di Natuna untuk Masyarakat" 8773: 7173: 7171: 6181:"Produk Domestik Regional Bruto (Milyar Rupiah), 2020–2022" 6163:

Kepulauan Riau, Keberagaman Identitas dalam Kesatuan Kultur

6120: 5758: 5706:

is a traditional weapon originating from the Riau Islands.

5205:

which at that time was the center of the government of the

5142: 4877: 4520:

Most of the Chinese in the Riau Islands spoke a variety of

3289: 2808: 2772: 2672: 2282: 2176: 1721: 1560: 1452: 1243: 903: 879: 844: 805: 694: 98: 35: 10861:

The Rushdiah Club: Its roles in Malay Societies, 1892–1940

10159: 9741:"What could have been, the Barelang Bridge and BJ Habibie" 8968:"East Natuna development faces possible negotiation delay" 8684:"Gross Regional Domestic Product of Indonesia by Industry" 8572:"Gross Regional Domestic Product of Indonesia by Industry" 8154: 8142: 7421:

From Anatolia to Aceh: Ottomans, Turks, and Southeast Asia

6941:

South East Asia, Colonial History: Imperialism before 1800

6649:. Vol. 16. Editions Didier Millet. pp. 118–119. 6193: 5914:), roasted peanuts, hard boiled egg, and hot spicy sauce ( 4452:, especially their vocabulary and phonology. For example, 4119:

in nature and have a rich marine culture. Presently, many

3802:). According to the Riau Islands branch of the Indonesian 3693:

As the closest neighbour of Singapore and to realise that

2114:

Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah Kepulauan Riau – DPRD Kepri

34:. For the neighboring Indonesian province at Sumatra, see 10559:

Hsü, Y.-T. (January 1972). Singapore in the remote past.

10205: 9659: 9657: 9209:"PLTU Tanjung Kasam Pasok 25% Kebutuhan Listrik di Batam" 8704:

van Grunsven, Leo; Hutchinson, Francis E. (1 June 2017).

8128:. International Business Publications. 2013. p. 59. 6137: 4167:

in the late 1980s to the early 1990s, the customs of the

3227: 2248:) and each village headed by a village chief (known as a 640: 584: 555: 11545: 10536:"The Yuan in the Straits of Malacca – Singapore History" 9183:"TJK Power akan bangun tambahan pembangkit listrik baru" 9163:. Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources. October 2018 8674: 8672: 8670: 8668: 8561:

Oryx / Volume 37 / Issue 04 / October 2003, pp 472 – 479

8557:

Martjan Lammertink, Vincent Nijman and Utami Setiorini,

7168: 6963: 6961: 6505:"The Yuan in the Straits of Malacca – Singapore History" 6246:. A book review citing this information can be found at 5716:. Meanwhile, Tumbuk Lada is a traditional weapon of the 5053:

and the Chinese people. Some ethnic groups, for example

4543:, as well as the Hokkien spoken in Central and Southern 4488:. Historically, the Anambas and Natuna Malays spoke the 2076:

Dissatisfied with the provincial government's policy in

1907:

which in the following year was admitted as part of the

10525:

Universitas Michigan, Geografi Budaya Daerah Riau, 1983

9547:"Indonesia Completes Palapa Ring Internet Superhighway" 9313:"Kota Tanjungpinang-Kepri alami krisis air, sebut PDAM" 9137:

Website Resmi Kementerian Komunikasi dan Informatika RI

8323:"Effects of Sand Mining on Coral Reefs in Riau Islands" 7730:

Hutchinson, Francis E.; Chong, Terence (14 June 2016).

6994: 6484:"Riau:: History of Bintan – Bjorn Grotting Photography" 6411: 6409: 6407: 6336:

Hutchinson, Francis E.; Chong, Terence (14 June 2016).

5928:

chili paste and very crispy, the whole fish is edible.

5827:. Some foods are also influenced by the culture of the 2049:

Agency (BOB) which is now the Batam Development Board (

1743: 1137:

Empire. Sri Tri Buana, a member of the royal family of

882:

countries, with most of the westerners coming from the

10251: 9654: 9339:"ALIM desak Pemprov Kepri tetapkan bencana kekeringan" 8703: 8564: 8479: 5469:

is usually combined with batik and also with a scarf.

5140:

there is also a leader in the religious sector called

5012:

Vietnamese Nha Tho Duc Me Vo Nhiem Catholic church in

4583:, another Hokkien dialect originated from the city of 4354:

also inhabit the province, albeit to a lesser extent.

2826:, while the archipelago also includes islands such as 2244:), while each district is headed by a district chief ( 12475: 11264:

http://www.navegar-es-preciso.com/news/islas-anambas/

11171:"Kedai Kopi Jalan Bintan Hadir dengan Konsep Berbeda" 10858:

Zakariya, Hafiz; Oktasari, Wiwin (29 December 2017).

8665: 8598:"Riau Islands in facing the ASEAN economic community" 8065:. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. p. 232. 7292: 6958: 6201:(in Indonesian). Jakarta: Badan Pembangunan Nasional. 6175: 5597:. In Tanjungpisau, this dance is better known as the 4147:

groups living in this area. In the Riau Islands, the

3615:, as well as some international destinations such as 1991:

at a rate of 1 Riau rupiah = 14.7 Indonesian rupiah.

1895: 1187:(1459–1466), the Riau archipelago became part of the 114:"With trust as foundation, and dignity as the anchor" 10754:. Exhibitions.nlb.gov.sg. Retrieved 26 October 2010. 10375: 9607:"Telkomsel Perkuat Layanan 4G di Natuna dan Anambas" 8678: 8365:"Ekosistem Terumbu Karang di Batam Kondisinya Bagus" 7631:"Riau-Lingga dan politik kontrak belanda 1905-1911/" 7116:

Cogan, Regalia Kerajaan Johor-Riau-Lingga dan Pahang

6404: 5189:

A troupe of local Riau Malay dancers performing the

4377:, though it was the classical Malaccan Malay of the 3871:

also notes that there are two types of education in

11303: 10104:"RI kicks off 12-year compulsory education program" 9715:"What You Should Know about Barelang Bridges Batam" 8852: 8850: 7750: 6394:

Budaya Melayu dalam perjalanannya menuju masa depan

5682:traditional house. This house is also known as the 5580:dance is a traditional Riau dance by the people of 4151:are usually found in islands and river mouths. The 4123:have settled in coastal areas of the province. The 3690:, refueling hangar are also currently being added. 3080:in the northern part of the province. In addition, 1343:Partition of the Johor Empire before and after the 10588:"Menelusuri Jejak Etnis Tionghoa di Tanjungpinang" 10378:"Result of the 2015 Intercensal Population Census" 10078:"RSUD Kepri Sudah Setara Rumah Sakit Swasta Mahal" 9937:"Garuda Indonesia Create New Hub in Bintan Island" 7809: 3746:. Ferries connect Batam to Singapore, Bintan, and 3642:The second-largest airport in the province is the 3292:. In 1980, the Indonesian state-owned oil company 2159:(deputy ruler or Viceroy), a position held by the 2104:The province of Riau Island is led by a governor ( 847:. In addition, as of 2018, the Riau Islands has a 9574:"Jaringan 4G XL Axiata Selimuti Kepulauan Natuna" 9495:"Jaringan internet di Anambas kini belum merdeka" 9443:"Setengah Penduduk di Provinsi Ini Buta Internet" 8911:"The winner for Natuna D-Alpha is.... Exxonmobil" 7709:(in Indonesian). Yayasan Pustaka Obor Indonesia. 7706:Antara Daerah dan Negara: Indonesia Tahun 1950-an 7654: 7652: 7134:A Short History of Malaysia, Singapore and Brunei 3903:Batam International University located in Batam. 3413: 1433:to celebrate his marriage to the daughter of the 1254:, Aceh attacked Johor in 1613 and again in 1615. 984:. The name is likely to have become famous since 12523: 11676: 10857: 10466:"The Malay Peninsula and Archipelago 1511–1722" 9911:"Pesawat Tempur Mulai Disiagakan di Lanud Ranai" 8847: 8059:Erb, Maribeth; Sulistiyanto, Priyambudi (2009). 7908: 7799:(in Indonesian). Direktorat Jenderal Kebudayaan. 7419:. In A.C.S. Peacock; Annabel Teh Gallop (eds.). 7310:Winstedt, A History of Johore (1365–1941), pg 95 6183:(in Indonesian). Jakarta: Badan Pusat Statistik. 5980:(Batam Fish Soup), a dish native to the city of 5128:(village) are led by a village chief called the 4501:Traditionally, the Malay language is written in 4415:the Johor-Riau dialect, which is similar to the 4295:’s text. It has been argued that this place was 1951:manifested in her own Dutch East Indies domain. 53: 10002:"Badan Pusat Statistik Provinsi Kepulauan Riau" 9105:Pos, Redaksi Tanjungpinang (14 December 2018). 8058: 7729: 7662:. Amsterdam: Hubert de Vries. 11 November 2010. 7144: 7142: 6335: 5936:are also commonly stir-fried in chili paste as 5847:, as well as European cultures, especially the 3883:, United Kingdom, Australia, United States and 3750:(Malaysia). Five ferry terminals are on Batam: 3235:caused by rice productivity that is still low. 1130:, is still referred to as the "Pirate Island". 914:There are several possible origins of the word 10805:"Kebudayaan Suku Melayu yang Paling Fenomenal" 9771:"BARELANG BRIDGE: Architectural Icon of Batam" 9287:"PLN: 67 Desa di Kepri Belum Teraliri Listrik" 8940:"Govt to award PSC to East Natuna contractors" 7765: 7649: 6645:Ahmad Sarji (2011). "The Rulers of Malaysia". 6425:. Sekretariat Negara, diakses 17 Oktober 2013. 5756:and along the Malay peninsula. Similar to the 5665:is a stilt house, like a traditional house in 4947:. The province does not have its own Catholic 3425:Asosiasi Penyelenggara Jasa Internet Indonesia 2905:is being pursued through cooperation with the 2889:With strategic geographical location (between 2216:This province is divided into five regencies ( 1766:. This led the British to consider creating a 1317:as a wedding gift to his bride, Raja Hamidah, 12056: 11662: 11531: 11289: 11202:Balai Pelestarian Nilai Budaya Kepulauan Riau 11023:Balai Pelestarian Nilai Budaya Kepulauan Riau 10891:Balai Pelestarian Nilai Budaya Kepulauan Riau 10650:Balai Pelestarian Nilai Budaya Kepulauan Riau 10592:Balai Pelestarian Nilai Budaya Kepulauan Riau 10488:Balai Pelestarian Nilai Budaya Kepulauan Riau 8902: 8507:"Terapi kejut Jokowi bagi pencuri ikan asing" 8451: 8206:Balai Pelestarian Nilai Budaya Kepulauan Riau 8202:"Gunung Daik Masuk Anugerah Pesona Indonesia" 7810:Perdana, Imantri; Melay, Ridwan; Kamaruddin. 7702: 7521:"Sejarah Kerajaan Riau-Lingga Kepulauan Riau" 7323:. Singapore Philatelic Museum. Archived from 6886: 5027:Maha Vihara Maitreya Buddhist temple in Batam 4531:, as most of the Riau Islands Chinese are of 3579:in Batam, the busiest airport in the province 3337: 3084:also live in the waters around the island of 11051:(in Indonesian). 25 May 2019. Archived from 10052:"Ombudsman: Kota Batam kekurangan puskesmas" 9706: 9703:(has a link to Batam-Tonton bridge brochure) 8933: 8931: 8525: 8320: 8098:"45 anggota DPRD Kepri dilantik 9 September" 7970: 7139: 6698:Pinto, Paulo Jorge de Sousa (January 1996). 6228:The Straits of Malacca: Gateway or Gauntlet? 6165:. ePaper Interaktif Kompas. 6 February 2009. 2167:. The sultan's royal palace was located in 1750:Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies 821:Indonesia–Malaysia–Singapore Growth Triangle 10970:"Makyong | Wonderful Kepri – Official Site" 10252:"Universitas Maritim Raja Ali Haji | UMRAH" 8885:Earth Wars: The Battle for Global Resources 8808:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 7956:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 7888:. Princeton University Press. p. 806. 7112: 7021: 6644: 6187: 5480:traditional dance in a wedding ceremony at 4476:that are spoken in the Malaysian states of 4299:, south of Riau, and that the 14th-century 3239:plants have the highest productivity, then 2228:). These are subdivided into 70 districts ( 2205: 1878:a fair chance to run the local government. 1242:traders often skipped Malacca in favour of 1230:could seek initiation into one of the many 930:, which means river. After the fall of the 275:8,269.71 km (3,192.95 sq mi) 12557:States and territories established in 2002 12537:States and territories established in 2004 12070: 12063: 12049: 11669: 11655: 11538: 11524: 11296: 11282: 10992:"Makyong Kepulauan Riau, Seni Pertujukkan" 10694:, mstar.com.my. 7 December 2013 (in Malay) 10444: 9041: 9022:"Joint operation of Natuna block proposed" 9019: 8987: 8965: 8480:Prashanth Parameswaran (13 January 2015). 6795: 6169: 5774:as a complement to men's custom clothing. 4283:had sent an earlier mission in 1323. Thus 3766:, Batam, and islands to the south such as 3391:Perusahaan Daerah Air Minum Kepulauan Riau 2971:, and the different of sea water level to 1688:and deployed hundreds of native soldiers ( 772:, which was later partitioned between the 768:The Riau archipelago was once part of the 11638:List of regencies and cities of Indonesia 11195: 11168: 11016: 10884: 10643: 10585: 10481: 10256:Universitas Maritim Raja Ali Haji | UMRAH 9013: 8959: 8928: 8908: 8721: 8116: 8015: 7793:Tarigan, Dra Nismawati (1 January 2009). 7703:Bemmelen, Sita van; Raben, Remco (2011). 7337: 7298: 7179:"Milestones in Singapore's Legal History" 6809: 5613:A typical Malay traditional house in the 4448:and the Belitung Malay dialect spoken in 1642:Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies 1631:. Hurgronje wrote a secret letter to the 1122:, wrote about Riau in the 13th century: " 10911: 10574:Longyamen is Singapore: The final proof? 9797: 8875: 8769: 8767: 7856: 7288:. Countries of the world. December 1989. 7233: 7148: 6967: 6937: 6911: 6693: 6691: 6554: 6552: 6091:. However, in the Riau Islands, such as 6025: 5803: 5608: 5471: 5289:, and others, were also affected by the 5236: 5193:Lambak. (taken in the late 19th century) 5184: 4953:Roman Catholic Diocese of Pangkal-Pinang 4327:origins also exist in the Riau Islands. 4319:origin, while significant population of 4173: 3720: 3619:in Malaysia and cities in China such as 3571: 3468: 3356:Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources 3341: 3204: 3129:Riau Islands GDP share by sector (2017) 2986: 2934: 2911: 2758: 2754: 2023: 1776: 1680:(a ritual purifying bath), ships of the 1655: 1533: 1338: 1283: 1171: 1090:Riau has for centuries been the home of 10996:Direktorat Warisan dan Diplomasi Budaya 9826:"Jembatan Batam-Bintan Segera Dibangun" 9158:"Indonesia Electricity Statistics 2017" 9107:"2019, APBN untuk Kepri Rp15,5 Triliun" 8881: 8595: 8177:(in Indonesian). Badan Pusat Statistik. 7792: 6891:. Oxford University Press. p. 22. 6586: 6329: 6225: 5786:sword is similar to a typical Japanese 5180: 3800:Dinas Kesehatan Provinsi Kepulauan Riau 2240:). Each regency is headed by a regent ( 2151:.The Sultan, who was a Malay, acted as 2134:Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle 1862:. He later formed a group known as the 1836:Djawatan Koewasa Pengoeroes Rakjat Riow 1265:(1623–1677). Its influence extended to 14: 12524: 11140: 11095: 11093: 11091: 10834: 10832: 10830: 10828: 10826: 10802: 10777: 10376:Statistics Indonesia (November 2015). 9712: 9633:"Statistik Daerah Kepulauan Riau 2015" 9100: 9098: 8966:Cahyafitri, Raras (27 November 2015). 8637: 8635: 8633: 8631: 8629: 8627: 8625: 8591: 8589: 8086:Republic of Indonesia: National Portal 8024:(n1), Oxford University Press: 63–80, 7883: 7576: 7552:"Roesidijah (Club) Riouw P. Penjengat" 7549: 7304: 7063: 6832: 6783: 4642:spoken by different sub-groups of the 3819:Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Kepulauan Riau 2500: 2462: 1994:Due to its proximity to Singapore and 681:—not to be confused with neighbouring 12044: 11650: 11519: 11277: 8937: 8888:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 28. 8816: 8764: 8415: 8316: 8314: 8312: 8310: 8160:Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2019. 8151:Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2021. 7852: 7850: 7113:Syahri, Aswandi; Murad, Raja (2006). 6697: 6688: 6549: 6416:"Kondisi Sosial Budaya Provinsi Riau" 6199:"Capaian Indikator Utama Pembangunan" 6152:Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2024. 5733:, and also has similarities with the 5698: 5459:clothing is usually accompanied by a 4222:(Minang), who mostly originated from 4218:. Another notable immigrants are the 3841:Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan 3029:has been frequently patrolled by the 2763:Tanjung Piayu, a scenic area in Batam 2212:Administrative divisions of Indonesia 1947:with the pro-republic and pan-ethnic 11311: 11127:"Senjata Tradisional Kepulauan Riau" 11075:"Rumah Adat Riau dan Kepulauan Riau" 10732:How complex are isolating languages? 9798:Setiawan, Kodrat (22 October 2019). 9020:Cahyafitri, Raras (7 January 2016). 8909:Febrianto, Vicki (6 December 2010). 8822: 8774:CO2CRC Technologies Pty Ltd (2010). 8574:. Statistics Indonesia. 27 July 2018 7579:"Pemakzulan Sultan dan Tengku Besar" 7550:Syahri, Aswandi (3 September 2017). 7414: 6914:"Dutch Malacca 1641–1795, 1818–1825" 6912:Ramerini, Marco (17 February 2014). 6889:A Portrait of Malaysia and Singapore 6880: 6558: 6060:itself is pork ribs, while the word 5544:became a substitute for the role of 5039:Tua Pek Kong Chinese temple in Batam 4559:, which originated from the city of 3944:Ethnic groups in Riau Islands (2010) 3695:Soekarno–Hatta International Airport 3633:Soekarno–Hatta International Airport 3323:disputed between Indonesia and China 3317:. In 2012, Petronas was replaced by 2258:) for each village in the district. 1744:Japanese occupation and Independence 1718:Residentie Riouw en Onderhoorigheden 1005: 11088: 10948:BP Guide – Temukan hadiah terbaikmu 10905: 10823: 10745:AKSARA-The Passage of Malay Scripts 10729: 10453:Demography of Indonesia's Ethnicity 10294: 9823: 9104: 9095: 8622: 8596:Karim, Zamzami A.; Rianto, Faizal. 8586: 8226: 7834: 6866:. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 150. 6528: 4844:is generally adhered by the ethnic 3892:Ministry of Research and Technology 3354:(PLN). According to the Indonesian 3035:Indonesian Maritime Security Agency 2273:. The Dutch Residency consisted of 2267:esidentie Riouw en Onderhoorigheden 1954: 1917:Bangka Belitung and Riau Federation 1905:Bangka Belitung and Riau Federation 918:The first possible origins is that 693:. It shares a maritime border with 24: 10838: 10646:"15 Dialek Bahasa Melayu di Kepri" 9671:. 23 December 2019. Archived from 9571: 8938:Azmar, Ahmal S. (13 August 2013). 8307: 8030:10.1093/oxfordjournals.bjc.a048489 7983:, Population Review Publications, 7847: 7766:Kompasiana.com (27 October 2013). 7577:Syahri, Aswandi (26 August 2017). 7236:Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 7215:(in Indonesian). 20 September 2011 6995:Peter Turner; Hugh Finlay (1996). 6710: 4551:. Together, they are known as the 3597:Kuala Lumpur International Airport 3147: Mining and Quarrying (14.5%) 3088:. Some other rare animals are the 2846:, while to the northeast lies the 2401:of each administrative divisions. 1603:The movement was an early form of 230:Riau Islands Provincial Government 25: 12573: 12201:Special Capital Region of Jakarta 11246: 11107:(in Indonesian). 30 November 2017 10803:Antono, Agil (28 December 2017). 10468:The Encyclopedia of World History 9527:(in Indonesian). 29 November 2019 9241:(in Indonesian). 27 November 2017 7525:Ministry of Education and Culture 6796:Borschberg, Peter (1 June 2018). 6016:, a common dish in Batam made of 5108:and the youngest child is called 4330:Other ethnic groups, such as the 3837:Ministry of Education and Culture 3831:List of universities in Indonesia 3459: 3328: 1969:in 1963. During this period, the 12562:2002 establishments in Indonesia 12542:2004 establishments in Indonesia 12509: 12497: 12485: 12167: 11897: 11602: 11495: 11478: 11461: 11449: 11433: 11417: 11405: 11392: 11384: 11371: 11355: 11329: 11320: 11252: 11216: 11189: 11162: 11119: 11105:Informasi Situs Budaya Indonesia 11067: 11037: 11010: 10984: 10962: 10936: 10878: 10851: 10796: 10771: 10757: 10738: 10723: 10697: 10685: 10676: 10637: 10618:. 18 August 1945. Archived from 10605: 10579: 10566: 10553: 10528: 10519: 10510: 10501: 10475: 10459: 10419: 10394: 10369: 10344: 10319: 10269: 10244: 10219: 10198: 10177: 10152: 10122: 10096: 10070: 10044: 10019: 9994: 9969: 9943: 9929: 9903: 9877: 9851: 9817: 9791: 9763: 9738: 9732: 9687: 9625: 9599: 9565: 9539: 9513: 9487: 9461: 9435: 9409: 9383: 9357: 9331: 9305: 9279: 9253: 9227: 9201: 9175: 9150: 9125: 9069: 8786:. pp. 46–52. Archived from 8738: 8697: 8649:(in Indonesian). Tanjungpinang: 8551: 8499: 8473: 8445: 8409: 8383: 8321:Supriharyono (20 January 2004). 7857:Wibisono, Mike (24 March 2018). 7497:. 2 January 2013. Archived from 7467:. 2 January 2013. Archived from 6746:1788 edition, volume II, p. 629. 6731:1788 edition, volume II, p. 507. 6006: 5988: 5970: 5955: 5032: 5020: 5005: 4990: 4703:Religion in Riau Islands (2023) 3752:Batam Harbour Bay Ferry Terminal 3585:Hang Nadim International Airport 3577:Hang Nadim International Airport 3561:Hang Nadim International Airport 3006:Indonesian Institute of Sciences 2702: 2661: 2619: 2578: 2539: 2502: 2464: 2305: 2147:. The sultanate was headed by a 1971:Malaya and British Borneo dollar 1967:Indonesia-Malaysia confrontation 1961:Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation 1864:Badan Kedaulatan Indonesia Riouw 1393: 1350: 1324: 1167: 1076: 1064: 1052: 1040: 1028: 1016: 620: 619: 605: 604: 120: 100:Berpancang Amanah Bersauh Marwah 80: 11304:Places adjacent to Riau Islands 10644:dediarman (30 September 2018). 9713:Wibowo, Akut (23 August 2017). 8357: 8348: 8339: 8298: 8276: 8254: 8220: 8194: 8181: 8163: 8090: 8079: 8052: 8043: 8009: 7964: 7926: 7902: 7877: 7828: 7803: 7786: 7759: 7736:. ISEAS-Yusof Ishak Institute. 7723: 7696: 7666: 7623: 7597: 7570: 7543: 7513: 7483: 7453: 7441:(in Indonesian). 2 October 2016 7427: 7408: 7382: 7356: 7331: 7313: 7278: 7227: 7201: 7155:Ministry of Defence (Singapore) 7151:"1819 – The February Documents" 7126: 7106: 7080: 7057: 7027: 7015: 6988: 6931: 6905: 6863:A New History of Southeast Asia 6853: 6826: 6789: 6777: 6749: 6734: 6719: 6676: 6663: 6638: 6612: 6522: 6497: 6476: 6456: 6443: 6428: 6382: 6356: 6342:. ISEAS-Yusof Ishak Institute. 6307: 6232:McGill-Queen's University Press 6213:"Jumlah Pulau di Kepri Berubah" 6123:, the pastry is usually called 5604: 5430:. The spindle is a rectangular 4997:Riau Sultanate Royal Mosque in 4951:. Instead, it is served by the 4571:. It is markedly distinct from 4555:. This dialect is based on the 3906: 2982: 2744:Riau Islands Electoral District 2740:People's Representative Council 1933:Sultanate of Siak Sri Indrapura 1813:Persatoean Melayu Riouw Sedjati 945:The second version claims that 11196:dediarman (20 December 2018). 10998:(in Indonesian). 30 April 2019 10885:dediarman (29 December 2016). 10134:dapo.dikdasmen.kemdikbud.go.id 10130:"Data Sekolah – Dapodikdasmen" 9215:(in Indonesian). 23 April 2017 9083:(in Indonesian). 24 March 2017 8452:Chan, Francis (2 April 2017). 8018:British Journal of Criminology 7076:: 77–108 – via Academia. 7001:. Lonely Planet Publications. 6998:Malaysia, Singapore and Brunei 6295: 6269: 6252: 6219: 6205: 6155: 6071:Snacks and drinks such as the 3896:Kementerian Riset dan Teknolog 3810:of the Republic of Indonesia. 3644:Raja Haji Fisabilillah Airport 3414:Internet and telecommunication 3370:, which has a capacity of 430 3319:PTT Exploration and Production 2783:to the north, the province of 2749: 2232:) and then into 256 villages ( 2200:3 years of Japanese occupation 2083:People's Consultative Assembly 1943:observed across the border in 1896: 1754:Indonesian National Revolution 802:Indonesian National Revolution 13: 1: 11434: 11356: 10887:"Makam Merah dan Alias Wello" 10711:(in Indonesian). 8 March 2019 10673:. UNSW Press, 2004. Page 14." 10586:dediarman (6 February 2019). 9397:(in Indonesian). 20 July 2019 9371:(in Indonesian). 21 July 2019 9267:(in Indonesian). 3 March 2018 8858:"Natuna Gas Field, Indonesia" 7527:. 8 June 2014. Archived from 6437:Forgotten kingdoms in Sumatra 6130: 5096:, the second child is called 4983:Indonesians of Indian descent 3900:Ministry of Religious Affairs 3849:Ministry of Religious Affairs 3789: 2927:Köppen climate classification 2093: 12206:Special Region of Yogyakarta 11393: 11385: 11260:travel guide from Wikivoyage 10912:Raparapa (13 January 2017). 9957:(in Indonesian). 23 May 2015 9475:(in Indonesian). 15 May 2019 8752:(in Indonesian). 2 July 2020 8416:Fitri, Ajeng (23 May 2018). 7768:"Asal Usul Mata Uang Rupiah" 7321:"Establishment of Singapore" 7149:Jenny Ng (7 February 1997). 6647:The Encyclopedia of Malaysia 6464:The territories of Indonesia 6401:: Yayasan Penerbit MSI-Riau. 5104:, the third child is called 4315:, hence most of them are of 4171:are gradually disappearing. 3934: 3913:Central Agency on Statistics 3824: 3804:Central Agency on Statistics 3261:and banana increased, where 2881:Island. Most of the area on 2712: 2671: 2629: 2588: 2549: 2163:ruling elite, served as the 957:al-Bahar in the book of the 909: 853:Special Region of Yogyakarta 812:'s third-youngest province. 808:in September 2002, becoming 689:, while the largest city is 301:1,165 m (3,822 ft) 7: 12402:Special Region of Surakarta 10484:"Orang Laut Kepulauan Riau" 9049:"Jakarta's China Challenge" 8284:"Tanjung Pinang, Indonesia" 7415:Kadı, İsmail Hakkı (2015). 7286:"Singapore-Johor Sultanate" 6226:Freeman, Donald B. (2003). 6083:especially easily found in 5951:Cuisine of the Riau Islands 4695: 4638:and different varieties of 4423:. The dialects used in the 4357: 3756:Batam Center Ferry Terminal 3725:Tanjung Pinang Ferry Harbor 3135: Manufacturing (36.8%) 3100:), native to the island of 3076:type of fish, inhabits the 2923:tropical rainforest climate 2727: 2724: 2721: 2718: 2688: 2685: 2682: 2679: 2647: 2644: 2641: 2638: 2605: 2602: 2599: 2596: 2564: 2561: 2558: 2555: 2525: 2522: 2519: 2516: 2486: 2483: 2480: 2477: 2157:Dipertuan Muda/Yamtuan Muda 2088: 1891:Indonesian Independence Day 1868:newly independent Indonesia 1651:Indonesian National Archive 1629:Christiaan Snouck Hurgronje 1531:under the colonial powers. 1238:. With the fall of Malacca 959:One Thousand and One Nights 10: 12578: 11101:"Rumah Limas Potong Batam" 10482:dediarman (14 June 2016). 8304:Soegiarto and Birowo, 1975 6938:Kratoska, Paul H. (2001). 6682:Saturnino Monteiro, 1989, 6669:Saturnino Monteiro, 1989, 6624:. Silverfish Books. 2012. 6594:"History of Bintan Island" 6565:. iUniverse. p. 128. 6195:Badan Pembangunan Nasional 5797: 5793: 5615:Taman Mini Indonesia Indah 5044: 3828: 3660:Raja Haji Abdullah Airport 3451:has started building more 3338:Energy and water resources 3141: Construction (18.0%) 3121: 2700: 2659: 2617: 2576: 2537: 2269:), which is also based in 2209: 2097: 1958: 1909:United States of Indonesia 1747: 1596:(Malay Judiciary) and the 1345:Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824 1328: 1183:During the rule of Sultan 1071:United States of Indonesia 1000: 991:Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824 782:Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824 250: • Vice Governor 106:برڤنچاڠ أمانه برساءوه مروه 29: 12425: 12394: 12351: 12328: 12285: 12257: 12219: 12176: 12165: 12104: 12078: 11965: 11937: 11906: 11895: 11685: 11634: 11611: 11600: 11564: 11554: 11309: 11169:Aminuddin (28 May 2015). 11017:dediarman (8 June 2014). 8723:10.1007/s10708-015-9692-9 8262:"Climate: Tanjung Pinang" 7909:Long, Nicholas J (2013), 7338:Trcocki, Carl A. (2007). 7248:10.1017/S002246340000518X 6804:(in French) (72): 31–54. 6352:– via Google Books. 5839:, other ethnic groups in 5639:Malay-populated countries 5476:Malay men performing the 4911:sub-groups (specifically 4553:Southern Malaysia Hokkien 4524:, a local variant of the 4056: 4048: 4043: 4033: 4028: 4018: 4013: 4003: 3998: 3988: 3983: 3973: 3968: 3958: 3953: 3948: 3943: 3701:is developing hangars in 3352:Perusahaan Listrik Negara 2842:to the south of the main 2807:, Singapore and mainland 2304: 2299:Afdeeling Poelau-Toedjoeh 1738:Afdeeling Poelau-Toedjoeh 1479:from the Dutch under the 1411: Indragiri Sultanate 670: 635: 613: 600: 571: 542: 531: 521: 511: 494: 448: 404: 357: 352: 344: 336: 326: 318: 313: 305: 297: 289: 279: 271: 266: 249: 234: 226: 221: 200: 190: 180: 172: 137: 128: 119: 105: 94: 76: 71: 62: 48: 11546:Regencies and cities of 11152:Wonderful Kepulauan Riau 10841:"Kebudayaan-melayu-riau" 9699:30 December 2007 at the 8823:Dunn, Andy (June 2000). 8535:. Prosea. Archived from 8345:PT Wahana Barelang, 2001 7342:. Singapura: NUS Press. 7183:Supreme Court, Singapore 7064:Andaya, Barbara (2003). 6944:. Taylor & Francis. 6811:10.4000/lerhistoria.3234 6001:a Malay-Minangkabau dish 5207:Sultanate of Riau-Lingga 4464:which means grandma and 3589:Singapore Changi Airport 3440:mobile telecommunication 3159: Agriculture (3.5%) 2206:Administrative divisions 2183:authority. Albeit he is 2130:Ministry of Home Affairs 1925:Central Sumatra Province 1035:Sultanate of Riau-Lingga 964:Another version is that 293:2−5 m (−14 ft) 72:Province of Riau Islands 52: 12119:Bangka Belitung Islands 11503:Bangka Belitung Islands 10765:"Religion in Indonesia" 10427:"Badan Pusat Statistik" 10402:"Badan Pusat Statistik" 9054:The Wall Street Journal 8882:Hiscock, Geoff (2012). 7837:"Konfrontasi Indonesia" 5442:. The custom attire of 5420:is often combined with 4961:Bangka Belitung Islands 3921:Anambas Islands Regency 3760:Singapore Cruise Centre 3464: 2785:Bangka Belitung Islands 2709:Anambas Islands Regency 2399:Human Development Index 2000:Indonesian Marine Corps 1797:Gerakan Kesultanan Riau 1011:Historical affiliations 849:Human Development Index 703:Bangka Belitung Islands 345: • Rank 340:260/km (680/sq mi) 12552:Provinces of Indonesia 12072:Provinces of Indonesia 10031:dinkes.kepriprov.go.id 9981:dinkes.kepriprov.go.id 9694:VSL Indonesia projects 8776:"6.2 Natuna discovery" 8433:Cite journal requires 6982:10.3406/arch.1989.2567 6887:Tan Ding Eing (1978). 6847:10.3406/arch.2001.3612 6559:Hawk, Justice (2005). 6529:Ooi, Keat Gin (2004). 6451:British Malaya 1824–67 6440:. Leiden: E. J. Brill. 6034: 6019:Laevistrombus canarium 5812: 5618: 5599:Melemang Bintan Penaga 5484: 5245: 5194: 5162:are the leader of the 4212:Transmigration program 4199: 3726: 3716: 3580: 3567: 3497:left-hand traffic rule 3477: 3347: 3214: 3107:Oncosperma tigillarium 2992: 2943: 2917: 2907:Singaporean government 2764: 2066:Sijori Growth Triangle 2055:Badan Pengusahan Batam 2029: 2016:special forces of the 1949:Indonesian Nationalism 1792: 1682:Royal Netherlands Navy 1661: 1539: 1422: 1289: 1180: 1087: 662: 505:Indonesia Western Time 449: • Languages 298:Highest elevation 99: 54: 11198:"Teh Tarik Ala Kepri" 11148:"Local Favorite Food" 10778:Roza, Ellya; Yasnel. 10572:Chung, C. K. (2005). 10540:eresources.nlb.gov.sg 9745:heartlandoverseas.com 9739:Zach, Lion City Boy. 9669:HUMAS.KEPRIPROV.GO.ID 8829:Police Journal Online 7989:10.1353/prv.2006.0010 7971:Ananta, Aris (2006), 7756:Nordholt, pp. 447–448 7674:"Gerakan Sultan Riau" 6509:eresources.nlb.gov.sg 6466:. London: Routledge. 6449:Mills, L. A. (2003). 6177:Badan Pusat Statistik 6064:, which means tea in 6029: 5922:, usually fried with 5895:Selaroides leptolepis 5807: 5612: 5475: 5240: 5188: 5154:and others. Thus the 5122:A typical Riau Malay 4579:, which are based on 4371:mutually intelligible 4177: 4165:Indonesian Government 4103:Riau-Lingga Sultanate 3764:Tanjung Balai Karimun 3724: 3575: 3472: 3345: 3208: 2991:Coral Reef at Anambas 2990: 2938: 2915: 2903:Special economic zone 2762: 2755:Geography and Climate 2590:Tanjung Balai Karimun 2220:) and two autonomous 2169:Penyengat Inderasakti 2145:Riau-Lingga Sultanate 2138:2019 general election 2100:Politics of Indonesia 2035:30 September Movement 2027: 1929:daerah-daerah pulihan 1780: 1659: 1537: 1485:Hussein Shah of Johor 1419:Riau-Lingga Sultanate 1342: 1331:Riau-Lingga Sultanate 1287: 1211:of northern Sumatra. 1175: 1083:Republic of Indonesia 1013: 855:and East Kalimantan. 786:Riau-Lingga Sultanate 679:province of Indonesia 549:308.8 trillion ( 405: • Religion 306:Lowest elevation 235: • Governor 27:Province of Indonesia 12259:Lesser Sunda Islands 11889:Tambelan Archipelago 10750:8 April 2013 at the 10669:James Neil Sneddon. 8680:Statistics Indonesia 8651:Statistics Indonesia 7327:on 11 November 2007. 7189:on 27 September 2007 6743:Da Ásia, Década Nona 6728:Da Ásia, Década Nona 6421:4 March 2018 at the 5885:Sardinella longiceps 5181:Arts and performance 4955:, which is based in 4931:, and migrants from 4632:Minangkabau language 3861:compulsory education 3680:Raden Sadjad Airport 3550:transportation route 3435:on 14 October 2019. 3165: Others (18.4%) 3094:Natuna Island surili 3025:administration, the 2799:and the province of 2193:Yang Dipertuan Muda, 1263:Abdul Jalil Shah III 1162:Kingdom of Singapura 1049:1911–1942; 1945–1949 968:is derived from the 949:comes from the word 922:is derived from the 800:(1942–1945) and the 578:141.7 million ( 523:Vehicle registration 337: • Density 309:0 m (0 ft) 208:regencies and cities 12091:) • 11158:on 8 December 2015. 9939:. 11 February 2014. 9865:. 10 September 2019 9776:Wonderful Indonesia 8862:Offshore Technology 8825:"Two-Way Tolerance" 8189:UU No. 7 Tahun 2017 7678:Tanjung Pinang Post 7370:on 14 November 2014 7035:"A Game of Thrones" 5817:Peninsular Malaysia 5631:Peninsular Malaysia 5158:accompanied by the 5077:, Christianity and 4809:diverse, including 4796:, from Europe with 4615:, especially their 4545:Peninsular Malaysia 4421:Peninsular Malaysia 4291:appears in 1225 in 4261:traditional Chinese 4115:are Malays who are 4111:(sea people). The 3554:Batam-Bintan Bridge 3509:cable-stayed bridge 3277:decreased in 2011. 3153: Retail (8.8%) 3070:Cheilinus undulatus 2805:Peninsular Malaysia 2173:Yang Dipertuan Muda 1996:Peninsular Malaysia 1883:Bendera Merah-Putih 1547:meant a journey to 1521:Tengku Abdul Rahman 1481:Treaty of The Hague 1466:Yang Dipertuan Muda 1246:or Johor's capital 1023:Sultanate of Johore 563:64.9 billion ( 353:Demographics (2009) 153: / 12353:Western New Guinea 12315:Southeast Sulawesi 12277:East Nusa Tenggara 12272:West Nusa Tenggara 12229:Central Kalimantan 12097:under construction 11055:on 22 October 2019 10625:on 11 October 2017 10140:on 20 October 2019 10058:. 7 September 2018 9640:BPS Kepulauan Riau 9572:Rahman, Adi Fida. 9057:. 17 November 2015 9001:. 13 November 2012 8653:. 1 September 2014 8513:. 10 December 2014 8371:. 25 December 2017 7835:Perdana, Imantri. 6716:Couto, pp. 473–503 6600:on 4 November 2010 6462:Brown, I. (2009). 6035: 5813: 5699:Traditional weapon 5675:with the kitchen. 5619: 5485: 5246: 5195: 4945:East Nusa Tenggara 4788:, from China with 4509:introduced by the 4444:dialect spoken in 4389:is similar to the 4367:varieties of Malay 4275:in 1320. In 1325, 4257:simplified Chinese 4200: 4141:Malaysia Peninsula 4129:Tudjuh Archipelago 3727: 3581: 3546:tourist attraction 3478: 3348: 3215: 3004:, a survey by the 2993: 2944: 2918: 2848:Tudjuh Archipelago 2765: 2291:Tudjuh Archipelago 2165:Head of Government 2118:universal suffrage 2030: 1793: 1730:Tudjuh Archipelago 1662: 1609:passive resistance 1607:. Non-violent and 1540: 1519:Under the treaty, 1493:Congress of Vienna 1423: 1290: 1259:Portuguese Malacca 1236:Straits of Malacca 1221:After the fall of 1181: 831: 72,571,750 ( 709:to the northeast, 572: - Per capita 319: • Total 272: • Total 12473: 12472: 12434:Current governors 12038: 12037: 11644: 11643: 11513: 11512: 11508: 11507: 10839:Annisa, Pahlevi. 10056:Antara News Kepri 9917:on 17 August 2016 9891:. 22 October 2019 9832:(in Indonesian). 9580:(in Indonesian). 9553:. 14 October 2019 9499:Antara News Kepri 9293:. 12 October 2019 9187:Antara News Kepri 9111:Tanjungpinang Pos 8459:The Straits Times 8102:Antara News Kepri 7977:Population Review 7920:978-9971-69-769-3 7583:Jantungmelayu.com 7556:Jantungmelayu.com 7495:TanjungPinang Pos 7465:TanjungPinang Pos 7008:978-0-86442-393-1 6772:978-1-897643-27-3 6656:978-981-3018-54-9 6472:978-1-85743-215-2 6370:. 4 December 2019 6264:978-967-933-717-4 5906:(squid) or small 5890:ikan selar kuning 5768:Badik Tumbuk Lado 5727:Badik Tumbuk Lado 5722:Badik Tumbuk Lado 5704:Badik Tumbuk Lado 5465:. For women, the 5360:southern Thailand 5259:Brunei Darussalam 5244:dancers in Bintan 5132:. Presently, the 4874:Arabian Peninsula 4678:Chinese varieties 4624:Javanese language 4581:Zhangzhou dialect 4460:which means you, 4407:of the province. 4249:. The mention of 4061: 4060: 3853:Kementerian Agama 3360:steam power plant 3286:natural gas field 3173:Strait of Malacca 3098:Presbytis natunae 2736: 2735: 2181:Dutch East Indies 2136:(PDIP) after the 1989:Indonesian rupiah 1984:Indonesian rupiah 1941:Malay Nationalist 1788:The Straits Times 1605:Malay nationalism 1441:slave lady and a 1359:British influence 1335:Dutch East Indies 1296:aristocrats from 1257:With the fall of 1189:Malacca Sultanate 1152:According to the 1047:Dutch East Indies 1006:Pre-sultanate era 932:Malacca Sultanate 774:Dutch East Indies 717:to the west, and 651: 650: 558:20.8 billion 464: 457: 348:10th in Indonesia 331:27th in Indonesia 327: • Rank 284:35th in Indonesia 280: • Rank 227: • Body 176:24 September 2002 157:3.933°N 108.150°E 16:(Redirected from 12569: 12514: 12513: 12512: 12502: 12501: 12500: 12490: 12489: 12481: 12395:Former provinces 12295:Central Sulawesi 12244:South Kalimantan 12239:North Kalimantan 12171: 12065: 12058: 12051: 12042: 12041: 11916:Bunguran Islands 11901: 11687:Riau Archipelago 11677:Main islands of 11671: 11664: 11657: 11648: 11647: 11606: 11540: 11533: 11526: 11517: 11516: 11501: 11499: 11498: 11484: 11482: 11481: 11467: 11465: 11464: 11455: 11453: 11452: 11437: 11436: 11423: 11421: 11420: 11411: 11409: 11408: 11396: 11395: 11388: 11387: 11377: 11375: 11374: 11359: 11358: 11335: 11333: 11332: 11325: 11324: 11316:Singapore Strait 11312: 11298: 11291: 11284: 11275: 11274: 11256: 11240: 11239: 11237: 11235: 11220: 11214: 11213: 11211: 11209: 11193: 11187: 11186: 11184: 11182: 11166: 11160: 11159: 11154:. Archived from 11144: 11138: 11137: 11135: 11133: 11123: 11117: 11116: 11114: 11112: 11097: 11086: 11085: 11083: 11081: 11071: 11065: 11064: 11062: 11060: 11041: 11035: 11034: 11032: 11030: 11014: 11008: 11007: 11005: 11003: 10988: 10982: 10981: 10979: 10977: 10966: 10960: 10959: 10957: 10955: 10940: 10934: 10933: 10931: 10929: 10924:on 17 April 2019 10920:. Archived from 10909: 10903: 10902: 10900: 10898: 10882: 10876: 10875: 10855: 10849: 10848: 10847:(in Indonesian). 10836: 10821: 10820: 10818: 10816: 10800: 10794: 10793: 10791: 10789: 10784: 10775: 10769: 10768: 10761: 10755: 10742: 10736: 10735: 10727: 10721: 10720: 10718: 10716: 10701: 10695: 10689: 10683: 10680: 10674: 10667: 10661: 10660: 10658: 10656: 10641: 10635: 10634: 10632: 10630: 10624: 10617: 10609: 10603: 10602: 10600: 10598: 10583: 10577: 10570: 10564: 10557: 10551: 10550: 10548: 10546: 10532: 10526: 10523: 10517: 10514: 10508: 10505: 10499: 10498: 10496: 10494: 10479: 10473: 10463: 10457: 10456: 10448: 10442: 10441: 10439: 10437: 10423: 10417: 10416: 10414: 10412: 10398: 10392: 10391: 10389: 10387: 10382: 10373: 10367: 10366: 10364: 10362: 10348: 10342: 10341: 10339: 10337: 10323: 10317: 10316: 10314: 10312: 10298: 10292: 10291: 10289: 10287: 10281:stainkepri.ac.id 10273: 10267: 10266: 10264: 10262: 10248: 10242: 10241: 10239: 10237: 10223: 10217: 10216: 10214: 10212: 10202: 10196: 10195: 10193: 10191: 10181: 10175: 10174: 10172: 10170: 10156: 10150: 10149: 10147: 10145: 10136:. Archived from 10126: 10120: 10119: 10117: 10115: 10100: 10094: 10093: 10091: 10089: 10074: 10068: 10067: 10065: 10063: 10048: 10042: 10041: 10039: 10037: 10023: 10017: 10016: 10014: 10012: 9998: 9992: 9991: 9989: 9987: 9973: 9967: 9966: 9964: 9962: 9947: 9941: 9940: 9933: 9927: 9926: 9924: 9922: 9913:. Archived from 9907: 9901: 9900: 9898: 9896: 9881: 9875: 9874: 9872: 9870: 9855: 9849: 9848: 9846: 9844: 9821: 9815: 9814: 9812: 9810: 9795: 9789: 9788: 9786: 9784: 9767: 9761: 9760: 9758: 9756: 9747:. Archived from 9736: 9730: 9729: 9727: 9725: 9710: 9704: 9691: 9685: 9684: 9682: 9680: 9675:on 6 August 2020 9661: 9652: 9651: 9649: 9647: 9637: 9629: 9623: 9622: 9620: 9618: 9603: 9597: 9596: 9594: 9592: 9569: 9563: 9562: 9560: 9558: 9543: 9537: 9536: 9534: 9532: 9517: 9511: 9510: 9508: 9506: 9491: 9485: 9484: 9482: 9480: 9465: 9459: 9458: 9456: 9454: 9439: 9433: 9432: 9430: 9428: 9413: 9407: 9406: 9404: 9402: 9387: 9381: 9380: 9378: 9376: 9361: 9355: 9354: 9352: 9350: 9345:. 25 August 2019 9335: 9329: 9328: 9326: 9324: 9309: 9303: 9302: 9300: 9298: 9291:Republika Online 9283: 9277: 9276: 9274: 9272: 9257: 9251: 9250: 9248: 9246: 9231: 9225: 9224: 9222: 9220: 9205: 9199: 9198: 9196: 9194: 9189:. 10 August 2019 9179: 9173: 9172: 9170: 9168: 9162: 9154: 9148: 9147: 9145: 9143: 9129: 9123: 9122: 9120: 9118: 9102: 9093: 9092: 9090: 9088: 9073: 9067: 9066: 9064: 9062: 9045: 9039: 9038: 9036: 9034: 9027:The Jakarta Post 9017: 9011: 9010: 9008: 9006: 8991: 8985: 8984: 8982: 8980: 8973:The Jakarta Post 8963: 8957: 8956: 8954: 8952: 8945:The Jakarta Post 8935: 8926: 8925: 8923: 8921: 8906: 8900: 8899: 8879: 8873: 8872: 8870: 8868: 8854: 8845: 8844: 8842: 8840: 8820: 8814: 8813: 8807: 8799: 8797: 8795: 8771: 8762: 8761: 8759: 8757: 8742: 8736: 8735: 8725: 8701: 8695: 8694: 8692: 8690: 8682:(27 July 2018). 8676: 8663: 8662: 8660: 8658: 8648: 8639: 8620: 8619: 8617: 8615: 8609: 8603:. Archived from 8602: 8593: 8584: 8583: 8581: 8579: 8568: 8562: 8555: 8549: 8548: 8546: 8544: 8529: 8523: 8522: 8520: 8518: 8503: 8497: 8496: 8494: 8492: 8477: 8471: 8470: 8468: 8466: 8449: 8443: 8442: 8436: 8431: 8429: 8421: 8413: 8407: 8406: 8404: 8402: 8387: 8381: 8380: 8378: 8376: 8369:Republika Online 8361: 8355: 8352: 8346: 8343: 8337: 8336: 8334: 8332: 8327: 8318: 8305: 8302: 8296: 8295: 8293: 8291: 8280: 8274: 8273: 8271: 8269: 8258: 8252: 8251: 8249: 8247: 8224: 8218: 8217: 8215: 8213: 8198: 8192: 8187:Law No. 7/2017 ( 8185: 8179: 8178: 8167: 8161: 8158: 8152: 8149: 8140: 8139: 8120: 8114: 8113: 8111: 8109: 8104:. 17 August 2019 8094: 8088: 8083: 8077: 8076: 8056: 8050: 8047: 8041: 8040: 8013: 8007: 8006: 8005: 8003: 7968: 7962: 7961: 7955: 7947: 7946: 7944: 7930: 7924: 7923: 7906: 7900: 7899: 7881: 7875: 7874: 7872: 7870: 7854: 7845: 7844: 7832: 7826: 7825: 7823: 7821: 7816: 7807: 7801: 7800: 7790: 7784: 7783: 7781: 7779: 7763: 7757: 7754: 7748: 7747: 7727: 7721: 7720: 7700: 7694: 7693: 7691: 7689: 7670: 7664: 7663: 7656: 7647: 7646: 7644: 7642: 7637:on 13 April 2015 7627: 7621: 7620: 7618: 7616: 7601: 7595: 7594: 7592: 7590: 7574: 7568: 7567: 7565: 7563: 7547: 7541: 7540: 7538: 7536: 7517: 7511: 7510: 7508: 7506: 7487: 7481: 7480: 7478: 7476: 7457: 7451: 7450: 7448: 7446: 7431: 7425: 7424: 7412: 7406: 7405: 7403: 7401: 7386: 7380: 7379: 7377: 7375: 7360: 7354: 7353: 7335: 7329: 7328: 7317: 7311: 7308: 7302: 7296: 7290: 7289: 7282: 7276: 7275: 7231: 7225: 7224: 7222: 7220: 7205: 7199: 7198: 7196: 7194: 7185:. Archived from 7175: 7166: 7165: 7163: 7161: 7146: 7137: 7130: 7124: 7123: 7121: 7110: 7104: 7103: 7101: 7099: 7084: 7078: 7077: 7061: 7055: 7054: 7052: 7050: 7041:. Archived from 7031: 7025: 7022:Ahmad Sarji 2011 7019: 7013: 7012: 6992: 6986: 6985: 6965: 6956: 6955: 6935: 6929: 6928: 6926: 6924: 6909: 6903: 6902: 6884: 6878: 6877: 6857: 6851: 6850: 6830: 6824: 6823: 6813: 6793: 6787: 6781: 6775: 6753: 6747: 6738: 6732: 6723: 6717: 6714: 6708: 6707: 6695: 6686: 6680: 6674: 6667: 6661: 6660: 6642: 6636: 6635: 6621:The Malay Annals 6616: 6610: 6609: 6607: 6605: 6590: 6584: 6583: 6581: 6579: 6556: 6547: 6546: 6526: 6520: 6519: 6517: 6515: 6501: 6495: 6494: 6492: 6490: 6480: 6474: 6460: 6454: 6447: 6441: 6432: 6426: 6413: 6402: 6386: 6380: 6379: 6377: 6375: 6368:Bisnis Indonesia 6360: 6354: 6353: 6333: 6327: 6326: 6324: 6322: 6311: 6305: 6299: 6293: 6292: 6290: 6288: 6273: 6267: 6256: 6250: 6245: 6223: 6217: 6216: 6209: 6203: 6202: 6191: 6185: 6184: 6173: 6167: 6166: 6159: 6153: 6150: 6010: 5992: 5974: 5959: 5720:. No wonder the 5690:house. The name 5659:Riau Archipelago 5627:Riau Archipelago 5565:or maracas. The 5203:Penyengat Island 5071:culture of Islam 5036: 5024: 5009: 4999:Penyengat Island 4994: 4768: 4758: 4748: 4738: 4728: 4718: 4708: 4557:Quanzhou dialect 4490:Terengganu Malay 4470:Terengganu Malay 4344:South Kalimantan 4197: 4192:Singapore Strait 4099:Riau Archipelago 3941: 3940: 3782:) and Malaysia ( 3707:Garuda Indonesia 3542:industrial sites 3493:dual carriageway 3449:Telkom Indonesia 3213:, Lingga Islands 3164: 3158: 3152: 3146: 3140: 3134: 2844:Riau Archipelago 2803:in the east and 2731: 2707: 2706: 2705: 2692: 2666: 2665: 2664: 2651: 2624: 2623: 2622: 2609: 2583: 2582: 2581: 2568: 2544: 2543: 2542: 2529: 2507: 2506: 2505: 2492: 2469: 2468: 2467: 2404: 2403: 2393:) and the city ( 2380: 2369: 2358: 2347: 2336: 2325: 2314: 2309: 2308: 1955:Contemporary era 1921:Keresidenan Riau 1901: 1900: 1898:Chinese kapitans 1686:Penyengat Island 1516:Singapore Strait 1510:This led to the 1505:Van Der Capellen 1416: 1410: 1398: 1397: 1396: 1385: 1376: 1367: 1355: 1354: 1353: 1315:Penyengat Island 1279:Riau Archipelago 1081: 1080: 1079: 1069: 1068: 1067: 1057: 1056: 1055: 1045: 1044: 1043: 1033: 1032: 1031: 1021: 1020: 1019: 739:Riau Archipelago 672: 647: 644: 642: 631: 623: 622: 608: 607: 466:Other languages: 462: 455: 361: 262: 168: 167: 165: 164: 163: 158: 154: 151: 150: 149: 146: 124: 107: 102: 84: 57: 46: 45: 32:Riau Archipelago 21: 12577: 12576: 12572: 12571: 12570: 12568: 12567: 12566: 12547:South China Sea 12522: 12521: 12520: 12510: 12508: 12498: 12496: 12484: 12476: 12474: 12469: 12468: 12421: 12407:Central Sumatra 12390: 12381:Southwest Papua 12347: 12324: 12281: 12253: 12249:West Kalimantan 12234:East Kalimantan 12215: 12172: 12163: 12100: 12074: 12069: 12039: 12034: 11961: 11939:Anambas Islands 11933: 11902: 11893: 11782:Belakang Padang 11681: 11675: 11645: 11640: 11630: 11607: 11598: 11574:Anambas Islands 11560: 11550: 11544: 11514: 11509: 11496: 11494: 11493: 11491:Karimata Strait 11479: 11477: 11476: 11474:Karimata Strait 11462: 11460: 11459: 11450: 11448: 11447: 11445:Karimata Strait 11425:West Kalimantan 11418: 11416: 11415: 11406: 11404: 11403: 11401:Karimata Strait 11397: 11372: 11370: 11369: 11367:Karimata Strait 11347:South China Sea 11342:South China Sea 11330: 11328: 11327: 11319: 11318: 11305: 11302: 11249: 11244: 11243: 11233: 11231: 11230:(in Indonesian) 11222: 11221: 11217: 11207: 11205: 11194: 11190: 11180: 11178: 11177:(in Indonesian) 11167: 11163: 11146: 11145: 11141: 11131: 11129: 11125: 11124: 11120: 11110: 11108: 11099: 11098: 11089: 11079: 11077: 11073: 11072: 11068: 11058: 11056: 11043: 11042: 11038: 11028: 11026: 11015: 11011: 11001: 10999: 10990: 10989: 10985: 10975: 10973: 10972:(in Indonesian) 10968: 10967: 10963: 10953: 10951: 10950:(in Indonesian) 10942: 10941: 10937: 10927: 10925: 10910: 10906: 10896: 10894: 10883: 10879: 10872: 10856: 10852: 10837: 10824: 10814: 10812: 10811:(in Indonesian) 10801: 10797: 10787: 10785: 10782: 10776: 10772: 10763: 10762: 10758: 10752:Wayback Machine 10743: 10739: 10728: 10724: 10714: 10712: 10703: 10702: 10698: 10690: 10686: 10681: 10677: 10668: 10664: 10654: 10652: 10642: 10638: 10628: 10626: 10622: 10615: 10611: 10610: 10606: 10596: 10594: 10584: 10580: 10571: 10567: 10558: 10554: 10544: 10542: 10534: 10533: 10529: 10524: 10520: 10515: 10511: 10506: 10502: 10492: 10490: 10480: 10476: 10464: 10460: 10449: 10445: 10435: 10433: 10425: 10424: 10420: 10410: 10408: 10400: 10399: 10395: 10385: 10383: 10380: 10374: 10370: 10360: 10358: 10356:kepri.bps.go.id 10350: 10349: 10345: 10335: 10333: 10331:kepri.bps.go.id 10325: 10324: 10320: 10310: 10308: 10306:kepri.bps.go.id 10300: 10299: 10295: 10285: 10283: 10275: 10274: 10270: 10260: 10258: 10250: 10249: 10245: 10235: 10233: 10231:Sekolah Djuwita 10225: 10224: 10220: 10210: 10208: 10204: 10203: 10199: 10189: 10187: 10183: 10182: 10178: 10168: 10166: 10158: 10157: 10153: 10143: 10141: 10128: 10127: 10123: 10113: 10111: 10102: 10101: 10097: 10087: 10085: 10084:(in Indonesian) 10082:batamnews.co.id 10076: 10075: 10071: 10061: 10059: 10050: 10049: 10045: 10035: 10033: 10025: 10024: 10020: 10010: 10008: 10006:kepri.bps.go.id 10000: 9999: 9995: 9985: 9983: 9975: 9974: 9970: 9960: 9958: 9949: 9948: 9944: 9935: 9934: 9930: 9920: 9918: 9909: 9908: 9904: 9894: 9892: 9883: 9882: 9878: 9868: 9866: 9857: 9856: 9852: 9842: 9840: 9824:Hamdani, Trio. 9822: 9818: 9808: 9806: 9796: 9792: 9782: 9780: 9769: 9768: 9764: 9754: 9752: 9737: 9733: 9723: 9721: 9711: 9707: 9701:Wayback Machine 9692: 9688: 9678: 9676: 9663: 9662: 9655: 9645: 9643: 9635: 9631: 9630: 9626: 9616: 9614: 9613:(in Indonesian) 9605: 9604: 9600: 9590: 9588: 9570: 9566: 9556: 9554: 9545: 9544: 9540: 9530: 9528: 9519: 9518: 9514: 9504: 9502: 9493: 9492: 9488: 9478: 9476: 9467: 9466: 9462: 9452: 9450: 9441: 9440: 9436: 9426: 9424: 9415: 9414: 9410: 9400: 9398: 9389: 9388: 9384: 9374: 9372: 9363: 9362: 9358: 9348: 9346: 9337: 9336: 9332: 9322: 9320: 9319:. 20 March 2019 9311: 9310: 9306: 9296: 9294: 9285: 9284: 9280: 9270: 9268: 9259: 9258: 9254: 9244: 9242: 9233: 9232: 9228: 9218: 9216: 9207: 9206: 9202: 9192: 9190: 9181: 9180: 9176: 9166: 9164: 9160: 9156: 9155: 9151: 9141: 9139: 9131: 9130: 9126: 9116: 9114: 9113:(in Indonesian) 9103: 9096: 9086: 9084: 9075: 9074: 9070: 9060: 9058: 9047: 9046: 9042: 9032: 9030: 9018: 9014: 9004: 9002: 8999:2b1stconsulting 8993: 8992: 8988: 8978: 8976: 8964: 8960: 8950: 8948: 8936: 8929: 8919: 8917: 8907: 8903: 8896: 8880: 8876: 8866: 8864: 8856: 8855: 8848: 8838: 8836: 8821: 8817: 8801: 8800: 8793: 8791: 8772: 8765: 8755: 8753: 8744: 8743: 8739: 8702: 8698: 8688: 8686: 8677: 8666: 8656: 8654: 8646: 8641: 8640: 8623: 8613: 8611: 8610:on 19 July 2020 8607: 8600: 8594: 8587: 8577: 8575: 8570: 8569: 8565: 8556: 8552: 8542: 8540: 8539:on 17 July 2011 8531: 8530: 8526: 8516: 8514: 8505: 8504: 8500: 8490: 8488: 8478: 8474: 8464: 8462: 8450: 8446: 8434: 8432: 8423: 8422: 8414: 8410: 8400: 8398: 8397:. 16 March 2019 8389: 8388: 8384: 8374: 8372: 8363: 8362: 8358: 8353: 8349: 8344: 8340: 8330: 8328: 8325: 8319: 8308: 8303: 8299: 8289: 8287: 8282: 8281: 8277: 8267: 8265: 8260: 8259: 8255: 8245: 8243: 8227:Hamdani, Trio. 8225: 8221: 8211: 8209: 8200: 8199: 8195: 8186: 8182: 8175:kepri.bps.go.id 8169: 8168: 8164: 8159: 8155: 8150: 8143: 8136: 8122: 8121: 8117: 8107: 8105: 8096: 8095: 8091: 8084: 8080: 8073: 8057: 8053: 8048: 8044: 8014: 8010: 8001: 7999: 7969: 7965: 7949: 7948: 7942: 7940: 7931: 7927: 7921: 7907: 7903: 7896: 7882: 7878: 7868: 7866: 7865:(in Indonesian) 7855: 7848: 7833: 7829: 7819: 7817: 7814: 7808: 7804: 7791: 7787: 7777: 7775: 7774:(in Indonesian) 7764: 7760: 7755: 7751: 7744: 7728: 7724: 7717: 7701: 7697: 7687: 7685: 7684:on 2 April 2015 7672: 7671: 7667: 7658: 7657: 7650: 7640: 7638: 7629: 7628: 7624: 7614: 7612: 7611:on 2 April 2015 7603: 7602: 7598: 7588: 7586: 7585:(in Indonesian) 7575: 7571: 7561: 7559: 7558:(in Indonesian) 7548: 7544: 7534: 7532: 7531:on 2 April 2015 7519: 7518: 7514: 7504: 7502: 7501:on 26 June 2019 7489: 7488: 7484: 7474: 7472: 7471:on 26 June 2019 7459: 7458: 7454: 7444: 7442: 7433: 7432: 7428: 7413: 7409: 7399: 7397: 7396:on 2 April 2015 7388: 7387: 7383: 7373: 7371: 7362: 7361: 7357: 7350: 7336: 7332: 7319: 7318: 7314: 7309: 7305: 7297: 7293: 7284: 7283: 7279: 7232: 7228: 7218: 7216: 7207: 7206: 7202: 7192: 7190: 7177: 7176: 7169: 7159: 7157: 7147: 7140: 7131: 7127: 7119: 7111: 7107: 7097: 7095: 7086: 7085: 7081: 7062: 7058: 7048: 7046: 7033: 7032: 7028: 7020: 7016: 7009: 6993: 6989: 6966: 6959: 6952: 6936: 6932: 6922: 6920: 6918:Colonial Voyage 6910: 6906: 6899: 6885: 6881: 6874: 6858: 6854: 6831: 6827: 6794: 6790: 6782: 6778: 6754: 6750: 6740:Diogo do Couto 6739: 6735: 6725:Diogo do Couto 6724: 6720: 6715: 6711: 6696: 6689: 6681: 6677: 6668: 6664: 6657: 6643: 6639: 6632: 6618: 6617: 6613: 6603: 6601: 6592: 6591: 6587: 6577: 6575: 6573: 6557: 6550: 6543: 6527: 6523: 6513: 6511: 6503: 6502: 6498: 6488: 6486: 6482: 6481: 6477: 6461: 6457: 6448: 6444: 6433: 6429: 6423:Wayback Machine 6414: 6405: 6387: 6383: 6373: 6371: 6362: 6361: 6357: 6350: 6334: 6330: 6320: 6318: 6317:(in Indonesian) 6313: 6312: 6308: 6300: 6296: 6286: 6284: 6283:on 2 April 2015 6275: 6274: 6270: 6257: 6253: 6242: 6224: 6220: 6211: 6210: 6206: 6192: 6188: 6174: 6170: 6161: 6160: 6156: 6151: 6138: 6133: 6022: 6011: 6002: 5993: 5984: 5975: 5966: 5960: 5947: 5802: 5796: 5701: 5607: 5557:medium through 5478:Silat Pengantin 5287:West Kalimantan 5183: 5047: 5040: 5037: 5028: 5025: 5016: 5010: 5001: 4995: 4891:Nahdlatul Ulama 4777: 4776: 4775: 4774: 4766: 4764: 4756: 4754: 4746: 4744: 4736: 4734: 4726: 4724: 4716: 4714: 4706: 4698: 4529:Chinese variety 4486:Malay Peninsula 4450:Bangka-Belitung 4446:West Kalimantan 4442:Pontianak Malay 4412:Karimun Regency 4360: 4226:. Owing to its 4195: 4063: 4062: 4054: 4041: 4026: 4011: 3996: 3981: 3966: 3937: 3909: 3865:Islamic schools 3833: 3827: 3792: 3719: 3697:is fully used, 3676:Anambas Islands 3570: 3513:Barelang Bridge 3475:Barelang Bridge 3467: 3462: 3438:Presently, the 3416: 3340: 3331: 3303: 3169: 3168: 3167: 3166: 3162: 3160: 3156: 3154: 3150: 3148: 3144: 3142: 3138: 3136: 3132: 3124: 3072:), which is an 3066:Humphead wrasse 3055:Lutjanus gibbus 3031:Indonesian Navy 3015:Illegal fishing 2985: 2973:South China Sea 2957:South China Sea 2941:Anambas Islands 2899:Karimata Strait 2891:South China Sea 2860:Anambas Islands 2801:West Kalimantan 2757: 2752: 2729: 2703: 2701: 2690: 2662: 2660: 2649: 2620: 2618: 2607: 2585:Karimun Regency 2579: 2577: 2566: 2540: 2538: 2527: 2503: 2501: 2490: 2488: 2465: 2463: 2448: 2446: 2441: 2439: 2434: 2432: 2422: 2416: 2414: 2408: 2389:The regencies ( 2387: 2386: 2385: 2378: 2375: 2374: 2367: 2364: 2363: 2356: 2353: 2352: 2345: 2342: 2341: 2334: 2331: 2330: 2323: 2320: 2319: 2312: 2306: 2302: 2214: 2208: 2102: 2096: 2091: 2018:Indonesian Navy 1963: 1957: 1887:Indonesian Flag 1874:would give the 1785:" published in 1756: 1748:Main articles: 1746: 1617:leidelek verset 1529:Puppet monarchs 1421: 1414: 1412: 1408: 1406: 1402:Dutch influence 1394: 1392: 1391: 1390: 1383: 1381: 1374: 1372: 1370:Johor Sultanate 1365: 1363: 1351: 1349: 1348: 1347: 1337: 1329:Main articles: 1327: 1209:Acheh Sultanate 1205:Johor Sultanate 1177:Pulau Penyengat 1170: 1114:(960–1127). An 1088: 1077: 1075: 1074: 1065: 1063: 1062: 1059:Empire of Japan 1053: 1051: 1050: 1041: 1039: 1038: 1029: 1027: 1026: 1017: 1015: 1012: 1008: 1003: 980:in present-day 912: 837:East Kalimantan 817:free trade zone 798:Japanese Empire 770:Johor Sultanate 751:South China Sea 731:Malay Peninsula 715:West Kalimantan 639: 629: 588: 583: 559: 554: 467: 465: 458: 444: 400: 359: 256: 254:Marlin Agustina 161: 159: 155: 152: 147: 144: 142: 140: 139: 133: 132: 115: 113: 104: 95:Motto(s): 90: 89: 88: 87: 67: 58: 51: 44: 39: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 12575: 12565: 12564: 12559: 12554: 12549: 12544: 12539: 12534: 12519: 12518: 12506: 12494: 12471: 12470: 12467: 12466: 12461: 12456: 12451: 12446: 12444:GRP per capita 12441: 12436: 12430: 12426: 12423: 12422: 12420: 12419: 12409: 12404: 12398: 12396: 12392: 12391: 12389: 12388: 12383: 12378: 12373: 12368: 12366:Highland Papua 12363: 12357: 12355: 12349: 12348: 12346: 12345: 12340: 12334: 12332: 12330:Maluku Islands 12326: 12325: 12323: 12322: 12317: 12312: 12310:South Sulawesi 12307: 12305:North Sulawesi 12302: 12297: 12291: 12289: 12283: 12282: 12280: 12279: 12274: 12269: 12263: 12261: 12255: 12254: 12252: 12251: 12246: 12241: 12236: 12231: 12225: 12223: 12217: 12216: 12214: 12213: 12208: 12203: 12198: 12193: 12188: 12182: 12180: 12174: 12173: 12166: 12164: 12162: 12161: 12156: 12151: 12146: 12141: 12136: 12131: 12126: 12121: 12116: 12110: 12108: 12102: 12101: 12079: 12076: 12075: 12068: 12067: 12060: 12053: 12045: 12036: 12035: 12033: 12032: 12027: 12022: 12017: 12012: 12007: 12002: 11997: 11992: 11987: 11982: 11977: 11971: 11969: 11967:Lingga Islands 11963: 11962: 11960: 11959: 11954: 11949: 11943: 11941: 11935: 11934: 11932: 11931: 11925: 11924: 11923: 11912: 11910: 11908:Natuna Islands 11904: 11903: 11896: 11894: 11892: 11891: 11886: 11873: 11868: 11863: 11858: 11853: 11851:Little Karimun 11848: 11843: 11838: 11833: 11828: 11822: 11817:Karimun Group: 11814: 11809: 11804: 11799: 11794: 11789: 11784: 11779: 11774: 11769: 11750: 11745: 11740: 11735: 11730: 11725: 11720: 11715: 11710: 11705: 11700: 11691: 11689: 11683: 11682: 11674: 11673: 11666: 11659: 11651: 11642: 11641: 11635: 11632: 11631: 11629: 11628: 11623: 11617: 11615: 11609: 11608: 11601: 11599: 11597: 11596: 11591: 11586: 11581: 11576: 11570: 11568: 11562: 11561: 11555: 11552: 11551: 11543: 11542: 11535: 11528: 11520: 11511: 11510: 11506: 11505: 11488: 11471: 11441: 11440: 11438: 11431: 11428: 11427: 11398: 11383: 11381: 11363: 11362: 11360: 11353: 11350: 11349: 11344: 11339: 11310: 11307: 11306: 11301: 11300: 11293: 11286: 11278: 11272: 11271: 11266: 11261: 11248: 11247:External links 11245: 11242: 11241: 11215: 11188: 11161: 11139: 11118: 11087: 11066: 11036: 11009: 10983: 10961: 10935: 10904: 10877: 10870: 10850: 10822: 10795: 10770: 10756: 10737: 10722: 10696: 10684: 10675: 10662: 10636: 10604: 10578: 10565: 10552: 10527: 10518: 10516:Lenhart (2004) 10509: 10500: 10474: 10458: 10443: 10418: 10393: 10368: 10343: 10318: 10293: 10268: 10243: 10218: 10197: 10176: 10151: 10121: 10110:. 26 June 2013 10095: 10069: 10043: 10018: 9993: 9968: 9942: 9928: 9902: 9876: 9850: 9816: 9790: 9779:. 8 April 2019 9762: 9751:on 27 May 2019 9731: 9705: 9686: 9653: 9624: 9598: 9564: 9538: 9512: 9501:. 19 July 2019 9486: 9460: 9434: 9423:. 23 July 2019 9408: 9382: 9356: 9330: 9304: 9278: 9252: 9226: 9200: 9174: 9149: 9124: 9094: 9068: 9040: 9012: 8986: 8958: 8927: 8901: 8894: 8874: 8846: 8815: 8763: 8750:batampos.co.id 8737: 8716:(3): 475–492. 8696: 8664: 8621: 8585: 8563: 8550: 8524: 8498: 8472: 8444: 8435:|journal= 8408: 8382: 8356: 8354:Dasminto, 2003 8347: 8338: 8306: 8297: 8275: 8264:. AmbiWeb GmbH 8253: 8219: 8193: 8180: 8162: 8153: 8141: 8134: 8115: 8089: 8078: 8071: 8051: 8042: 8008: 7963: 7925: 7919: 7901: 7894: 7876: 7846: 7827: 7802: 7785: 7758: 7749: 7742: 7722: 7715: 7695: 7665: 7648: 7622: 7596: 7569: 7542: 7512: 7482: 7452: 7439:kompasiana.com 7426: 7407: 7381: 7355: 7348: 7330: 7312: 7303: 7291: 7277: 7226: 7213:kompasiana.com 7200: 7167: 7138: 7125: 7105: 7079: 7056: 7045:on 26 May 2019 7026: 7014: 7007: 6987: 6976:(1): 153–172. 6957: 6950: 6930: 6904: 6898:978-0195807226 6897: 6879: 6872: 6852: 6825: 6788: 6776: 6748: 6733: 6718: 6709: 6687: 6675: 6662: 6655: 6637: 6630: 6611: 6585: 6571: 6548: 6541: 6521: 6496: 6475: 6455: 6442: 6427: 6403: 6381: 6355: 6348: 6328: 6306: 6294: 6268: 6251: 6240: 6218: 6204: 6186: 6168: 6154: 6135: 6134: 6132: 6129: 6097:Tanjung Pinang 6081:Southeast Asia 6047:Sup Ikan Batam 6024: 6023: 6012: 6005: 6003: 5997:Sop Asam Pedas 5994: 5987: 5985: 5978:Sop Ikan Batam 5976: 5969: 5967: 5961: 5954: 5952: 5798:Main article: 5795: 5792: 5700: 5697: 5688:Bumbung Melayu 5606: 5603: 5482:Lingga Islands 5457:Teluk Belangga 5448:Teluk Belangga 5414:Teluk Belangga 5399:Teluk Belanga. 5182: 5179: 5046: 5043: 5042: 5041: 5038: 5031: 5029: 5026: 5019: 5017: 5011: 5004: 5002: 4996: 4989: 4957:Pangkal-Pinang 4933:North Sulawesi 4765: 4755: 4745: 4741:Roman catholic 4735: 4725: 4715: 4705: 4701: 4700: 4699: 4697: 4694: 4674:Chinese people 4670:Tanjung Pinang 4658:administration 4634:spoken by the 4626:spoken by the 4573:Penang Hokkien 4430:Lingga Regency 4425:Bintan Regency 4383:Tanjung Pinang 4375:Malay language 4359: 4356: 4352:South Sulawesi 4309:Tanjung Pinang 4232:Tanjung Pinang 4178:Chinese junks 4059: 4058: 4055: 4052: 4050: 4046: 4045: 4042: 4039: 4037: 4031: 4030: 4027: 4024: 4022: 4016: 4015: 4012: 4009: 4007: 4001: 4000: 3997: 3994: 3992: 3986: 3985: 3982: 3979: 3977: 3971: 3970: 3967: 3964: 3962: 3956: 3955: 3952: 3950: 3946: 3945: 3939: 3938: 3936: 3933: 3908: 3905: 3829:Main article: 3826: 3823: 3791: 3788: 3718: 3715: 3684:Natuna Islands 3668:Letung Airport 3629:Changi Airport 3569: 3566: 3548:rather than a 3466: 3463: 3461: 3460:Transportation 3458: 3415: 3412: 3404:Galang Islands 3377:Natuna Regency 3339: 3336: 3330: 3329:Infrastructure 3327: 3301: 3280:The island of 3223:bauxite mining 3209:Tin mining in 3161: 3155: 3149: 3143: 3137: 3131: 3127: 3126: 3125: 3123: 3120: 3019:Natuna Islands 2984: 2981: 2969:Malacca Strait 2949:Malacca strait 2895:Malacca Strait 2864:Natuna Islands 2840:Lingga Islands 2836:Tanjung Pinang 2814:The island of 2791:in the south, 2756: 2753: 2751: 2748: 2734: 2733: 2726: 2723: 2720: 2717: 2714: 2711: 2699: 2695: 2694: 2687: 2684: 2681: 2678: 2675: 2670: 2668:Lingga Regency 2658: 2654: 2653: 2646: 2643: 2640: 2637: 2633: 2628: 2626:Natuna Regency 2616: 2612: 2611: 2604: 2601: 2598: 2595: 2592: 2587: 2575: 2571: 2570: 2563: 2560: 2557: 2554: 2551: 2548: 2546:Bintan Regency 2536: 2532: 2531: 2524: 2521: 2518: 2515: 2512: 2509:Tanjung Pinang 2499: 2495: 2494: 2485: 2482: 2479: 2476: 2473: 2461: 2457: 2456: 2450: 2443: 2436: 2429: 2424: 2419: 2410: 2377: 2376: 2366: 2365: 2355: 2354: 2344: 2343: 2333: 2332: 2328:Tanjung Pinang 2322: 2321: 2311: 2310: 2275:Tanjung Pinang 2271:Tanjung Pinang 2210:Main article: 2207: 2204: 2189:Tanjung Pinang 2122:Tanjung Pinang 2098:Main article: 2095: 2092: 2090: 2087: 2002:. The city of 1975:British Malaya 1959:Main article: 1956: 1953: 1945:British Malaya 1745: 1742: 1633:Raad van Indie 1625:Raad van Indie 1598:Dewan Kerajaan 1582:Ottoman Empire 1525:Tengku Hussein 1413: 1407: 1382: 1379:Pahang Kingdom 1373: 1364: 1326: 1323: 1216:Siege of Johor 1169: 1166: 1010: 1009: 1007: 1004: 1002: 999: 911: 908: 884:United Kingdom 825:GDP per capita 792:following the 778:British Malaya 743:Malacca Strait 737:including the 705:to the south, 687:Tanjung Pinang 663:Kepulauan Riau 649: 648: 637: 633: 632: 617: 611: 610: 602: 601: - Growth 598: 597: 573: 569: 568: 544: 540: 539: 536: 529: 528: 525: 519: 518: 515: 509: 508: 498: 492: 491: 450: 446: 445: 443: 442: 439: 433: 427: 421: 415: 408: 406: 402: 401: 399: 398: 395: 389: 383: 377: 371: 364: 362: 355: 354: 350: 349: 346: 342: 341: 338: 334: 333: 328: 324: 323: 320: 316: 315: 311: 310: 307: 303: 302: 299: 295: 294: 291: 287: 286: 281: 277: 276: 273: 269: 268: 264: 263: 251: 247: 246: 236: 232: 231: 228: 224: 223: 219: 218: 202: 198: 197: 192: 188: 187: 182: 178: 177: 174: 170: 169: 162:3.933; 108.150 135: 134: 130: 129: 126: 125: 117: 116: 96: 92: 91: 85: 79: 78: 77: 74: 73: 69: 68: 63: 60: 59: 55:Kepulauan Riau 49: 42: 26: 18:Kepulauan Riau 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 12574: 12563: 12560: 12558: 12555: 12553: 12550: 12548: 12545: 12543: 12540: 12538: 12535: 12533: 12530: 12529: 12527: 12517: 12507: 12505: 12495: 12493: 12488: 12483: 12482: 12479: 12465: 12462: 12460: 12457: 12455: 12454:Highest point 12452: 12450: 12447: 12445: 12442: 12440: 12437: 12435: 12432: 12431: 12429: 12424: 12417: 12413: 12410: 12408: 12405: 12403: 12400: 12399: 12397: 12393: 12387: 12384: 12382: 12379: 12377: 12374: 12372: 12369: 12367: 12364: 12362: 12361:Central Papua 12359: 12358: 12356: 12354: 12350: 12344: 12341: 12339: 12336: 12335: 12333: 12331: 12327: 12321: 12320:West Sulawesi 12318: 12316: 12313: 12311: 12308: 12306: 12303: 12301: 12298: 12296: 12293: 12292: 12290: 12288: 12284: 12278: 12275: 12273: 12270: 12268: 12265: 12264: 12262: 12260: 12256: 12250: 12247: 12245: 12242: 12240: 12237: 12235: 12232: 12230: 12227: 12226: 12224: 12222: 12218: 12212: 12209: 12207: 12204: 12202: 12199: 12197: 12194: 12192: 12189: 12187: 12184: 12183: 12181: 12179: 12175: 12170: 12160: 12157: 12155: 12154:South Sumatra 12152: 12150: 12147: 12145: 12142: 12140: 12139:North Sumatra 12137: 12135: 12132: 12130: 12127: 12125: 12122: 12120: 12117: 12115: 12112: 12111: 12109: 12107: 12103: 12098: 12094: 12090: 12086: 12082: 12077: 12073: 12066: 12061: 12059: 12054: 12052: 12047: 12046: 12043: 12031: 12028: 12026: 12023: 12021: 12018: 12016: 12013: 12011: 12008: 12006: 12003: 12001: 11998: 11996: 11993: 11991: 11988: 11986: 11983: 11981: 11978: 11976: 11973: 11972: 11970: 11968: 11964: 11958: 11955: 11953: 11950: 11948: 11945: 11944: 11942: 11940: 11936: 11929: 11926: 11922: 11919: 11918: 11917: 11914: 11913: 11911: 11909: 11905: 11900: 11890: 11887: 11885: 11881: 11877: 11874: 11872: 11869: 11867: 11864: 11862: 11859: 11857: 11854: 11852: 11849: 11847: 11844: 11842: 11839: 11837: 11834: 11832: 11829: 11826: 11823: 11821: 11820:Great Karimun 11818: 11815: 11813: 11810: 11808: 11807:Kepala Jernih 11805: 11803: 11800: 11798: 11795: 11793: 11790: 11788: 11785: 11783: 11780: 11778: 11775: 11773: 11770: 11768: 11764: 11760: 11757: 11755: 11751: 11749: 11746: 11744: 11741: 11739: 11736: 11734: 11731: 11729: 11726: 11724: 11721: 11719: 11716: 11714: 11711: 11709: 11706: 11704: 11701: 11699: 11696: 11695:Bintan Group: 11693: 11692: 11690: 11688: 11684: 11680: 11672: 11667: 11665: 11660: 11658: 11653: 11652: 11649: 11639: 11633: 11627: 11626:Tanjungpinang 11624: 11622: 11619: 11618: 11616: 11614: 11610: 11605: 11595: 11592: 11590: 11587: 11585: 11582: 11580: 11577: 11575: 11572: 11571: 11569: 11567: 11563: 11559: 11558:Tanjungpinang 11553: 11549: 11541: 11536: 11534: 11529: 11527: 11522: 11521: 11518: 11504: 11492: 11489: 11487: 11475: 11472: 11470: 11458: 11446: 11443: 11442: 11439: 11432: 11430: 11429: 11426: 11414: 11402: 11399: 11391: 11382: 11380: 11368: 11365: 11364: 11361: 11354: 11352: 11351: 11348: 11345: 11343: 11340: 11338: 11323: 11317: 11314: 11313: 11308: 11299: 11294: 11292: 11287: 11285: 11280: 11279: 11276: 11270: 11267: 11265: 11262: 11259: 11255: 11251: 11250: 11229: 11225: 11219: 11203: 11199: 11192: 11176: 11172: 11165: 11157: 11153: 11149: 11143: 11128: 11122: 11106: 11102: 11096: 11094: 11092: 11076: 11070: 11054: 11050: 11046: 11040: 11024: 11020: 11013: 10997: 10993: 10987: 10971: 10965: 10949: 10945: 10939: 10923: 10919: 10915: 10908: 10892: 10888: 10881: 10873: 10871:9789674186319 10867: 10863: 10862: 10854: 10846: 10842: 10835: 10833: 10831: 10829: 10827: 10810: 10806: 10799: 10781: 10774: 10766: 10760: 10753: 10749: 10746: 10741: 10733: 10726: 10710: 10706: 10700: 10693: 10688: 10679: 10672: 10666: 10651: 10647: 10640: 10621: 10614: 10608: 10593: 10589: 10582: 10575: 10569: 10562: 10556: 10541: 10537: 10531: 10522: 10513: 10504: 10489: 10485: 10478: 10471: 10469: 10462: 10454: 10447: 10432: 10428: 10422: 10407: 10403: 10397: 10379: 10372: 10357: 10353: 10347: 10332: 10328: 10322: 10307: 10303: 10297: 10282: 10278: 10272: 10257: 10253: 10247: 10232: 10228: 10222: 10207: 10201: 10186: 10180: 10165: 10161: 10155: 10139: 10135: 10131: 10125: 10109: 10105: 10099: 10083: 10079: 10073: 10057: 10053: 10047: 10032: 10028: 10022: 10007: 10003: 9997: 9982: 9978: 9972: 9956: 9952: 9946: 9938: 9932: 9916: 9912: 9906: 9890: 9886: 9880: 9864: 9860: 9854: 9839: 9835: 9831: 9827: 9820: 9805: 9801: 9794: 9778: 9777: 9772: 9766: 9750: 9746: 9742: 9735: 9720: 9716: 9709: 9702: 9698: 9695: 9690: 9674: 9670: 9666: 9660: 9658: 9641: 9634: 9628: 9612: 9608: 9602: 9587: 9583: 9579: 9575: 9568: 9552: 9551:Jakarta Globe 9548: 9542: 9526: 9522: 9516: 9500: 9496: 9490: 9474: 9470: 9464: 9449:. 21 May 2019 9448: 9444: 9438: 9422: 9418: 9412: 9396: 9392: 9386: 9370: 9366: 9360: 9344: 9340: 9334: 9318: 9314: 9308: 9292: 9288: 9282: 9266: 9262: 9256: 9240: 9236: 9230: 9214: 9210: 9204: 9188: 9184: 9178: 9159: 9153: 9138: 9134: 9128: 9112: 9108: 9101: 9099: 9082: 9078: 9072: 9056: 9055: 9050: 9044: 9029: 9028: 9023: 9016: 9000: 8996: 8990: 8975: 8974: 8969: 8962: 8947: 8946: 8941: 8934: 8932: 8916: 8912: 8905: 8897: 8895:9781118152881 8891: 8887: 8886: 8878: 8863: 8859: 8853: 8851: 8834: 8830: 8826: 8819: 8811: 8805: 8790:on 9 May 2016 8789: 8785: 8781: 8777: 8770: 8768: 8751: 8747: 8741: 8733: 8729: 8724: 8719: 8715: 8711: 8707: 8700: 8685: 8681: 8675: 8673: 8671: 8669: 8652: 8644: 8638: 8636: 8634: 8632: 8630: 8628: 8626: 8606: 8599: 8592: 8590: 8573: 8567: 8560: 8554: 8538: 8534: 8533:"Piper betle" 8528: 8512: 8508: 8502: 8487: 8483: 8476: 8461: 8460: 8455: 8448: 8440: 8427: 8419: 8412: 8396: 8392: 8386: 8370: 8366: 8360: 8351: 8342: 8324: 8317: 8315: 8313: 8311: 8301: 8286:. Weatherbase 8285: 8279: 8263: 8257: 8242: 8238: 8234: 8230: 8223: 8208:. 30 May 2018 8207: 8203: 8197: 8190: 8184: 8176: 8172: 8166: 8157: 8148: 8146: 8137: 8135:9781438774619 8131: 8127: 8126: 8119: 8103: 8099: 8093: 8087: 8082: 8074: 8072:9789812308412 8068: 8064: 8063: 8055: 8046: 8039: 8035: 8031: 8027: 8023: 8019: 8012: 7998: 7994: 7990: 7986: 7982: 7978: 7974: 7967: 7959: 7953: 7938: 7937: 7929: 7922: 7916: 7912: 7905: 7897: 7895:9780691027647 7891: 7887: 7880: 7864: 7860: 7853: 7851: 7842: 7838: 7831: 7813: 7806: 7798: 7797: 7789: 7773: 7769: 7762: 7753: 7745: 7743:9789814695589 7739: 7735: 7734: 7726: 7718: 7716:9789794617724 7712: 7708: 7707: 7699: 7683: 7679: 7675: 7669: 7661: 7655: 7653: 7636: 7632: 7626: 7610: 7606: 7600: 7584: 7580: 7573: 7557: 7553: 7546: 7530: 7526: 7522: 7516: 7500: 7496: 7492: 7486: 7470: 7466: 7462: 7456: 7440: 7436: 7430: 7422: 7418: 7411: 7395: 7391: 7385: 7369: 7365: 7359: 7351: 7349:9789971693763 7345: 7341: 7334: 7326: 7322: 7316: 7307: 7300: 7299:Trcocki, 2007 7295: 7287: 7281: 7273: 7269: 7265: 7261: 7257: 7253: 7249: 7245: 7241: 7237: 7230: 7214: 7210: 7204: 7188: 7184: 7180: 7174: 7172: 7156: 7152: 7145: 7143: 7135: 7129: 7118: 7117: 7109: 7094:. 24 May 2017 7093: 7089: 7083: 7075: 7071: 7067: 7060: 7044: 7040: 7036: 7030: 7023: 7018: 7010: 7004: 7000: 6999: 6991: 6983: 6979: 6975: 6971: 6964: 6962: 6953: 6951:9780415215404 6947: 6943: 6942: 6934: 6919: 6915: 6908: 6900: 6894: 6890: 6883: 6875: 6873:9781137015549 6869: 6865: 6864: 6856: 6848: 6844: 6840: 6836: 6829: 6821: 6817: 6812: 6807: 6803: 6799: 6792: 6786:, p. 102 6785: 6784:Andaya (2001) 6780: 6773: 6769: 6765: 6764:1-897643-27-6 6761: 6757: 6752: 6745: 6744: 6737: 6730: 6729: 6722: 6713: 6705: 6701: 6694: 6692: 6685: 6679: 6672: 6666: 6658: 6652: 6648: 6641: 6633: 6631:9789833221387 6627: 6623: 6622: 6615: 6599: 6595: 6589: 6574: 6572:0-595-36881-6 6568: 6564: 6563: 6555: 6553: 6544: 6542:9781576077702 6538: 6534: 6533: 6525: 6510: 6506: 6500: 6485: 6479: 6473: 6469: 6465: 6459: 6452: 6446: 6439: 6438: 6431: 6424: 6420: 6417: 6412: 6410: 6408: 6400: 6396: 6395: 6390: 6385: 6369: 6365: 6359: 6351: 6349:9789814695589 6345: 6341: 6340: 6332: 6316: 6310: 6303: 6298: 6282: 6278: 6272: 6265: 6261: 6255: 6249: 6243: 6241:0-7735-2515-7 6237: 6233: 6229: 6222: 6214: 6208: 6200: 6196: 6190: 6182: 6178: 6172: 6164: 6158: 6149: 6147: 6145: 6143: 6141: 6136: 6128: 6126: 6122: 6119:. Whereas in 6118: 6114: 6110: 6106: 6102: 6098: 6094: 6090: 6086: 6082: 6078: 6074: 6069: 6067: 6063: 6059: 6055: 6050: 6048: 6044: 6040: 6032: 6028: 6021: 6020: 6015: 6014:Siput Gongong 6009: 6004: 6000: 5998: 5991: 5986: 5983: 5979: 5973: 5968: 5964: 5958: 5953: 5950: 5949: 5948: 5945: 5943: 5939: 5935: 5931: 5927: 5926: 5921: 5917: 5913: 5909: 5905: 5901: 5897: 5896: 5891: 5887: 5886: 5881: 5877: 5873: 5869: 5865: 5861: 5856: 5854: 5850: 5846: 5842: 5838: 5834: 5830: 5826: 5822: 5818: 5810: 5806: 5801: 5800:Malay cuisine 5791: 5789: 5785: 5780: 5775: 5773: 5769: 5765: 5761: 5760: 5755: 5751: 5747: 5743: 5739: 5736: 5732: 5728: 5723: 5719: 5715: 5711: 5710: 5705: 5696: 5693: 5689: 5686:house or the 5685: 5681: 5676: 5673: 5668: 5664: 5660: 5656: 5651: 5648: 5642: 5640: 5636: 5632: 5628: 5624: 5623:Malay culture 5616: 5611: 5602: 5600: 5596: 5592: 5587: 5583: 5579: 5574: 5572: 5568: 5564: 5560: 5556: 5551: 5547: 5543: 5539: 5534: 5533: 5528: 5526: 5522: 5518: 5514: 5510: 5506: 5501: 5496: 5492: 5491: 5483: 5479: 5474: 5470: 5468: 5464: 5463: 5458: 5453: 5449: 5445: 5441: 5437: 5436:Teluk Belanga 5433: 5429: 5428: 5423: 5419: 5415: 5411: 5407: 5405: 5400: 5396: 5394: 5388: 5386: 5382: 5378: 5374: 5373: 5367: 5366: 5361: 5357: 5353: 5349: 5345: 5341: 5340: 5335: 5332: 5328: 5324: 5320: 5316: 5312: 5308: 5304: 5300: 5296: 5292: 5288: 5284: 5280: 5279:North Sumatra 5276: 5272: 5268: 5264: 5260: 5256: 5252: 5243: 5239: 5235: 5232: 5228: 5224: 5220: 5219:Nuzulul Quran 5216: 5212: 5208: 5204: 5199: 5192: 5187: 5178: 5176: 5172: 5167: 5165: 5161: 5157: 5153: 5149: 5145: 5144: 5139: 5135: 5131: 5127: 5126: 5120: 5118: 5115: 5111: 5107: 5103: 5099: 5095: 5091: 5086: 5084: 5080: 5076: 5072: 5068: 5064: 5060: 5056: 5052: 5035: 5030: 5023: 5018: 5015: 5014:Galang Island 5008: 5003: 5000: 4993: 4988: 4987: 4986: 4984: 4981:migrants and 4980: 4976: 4972: 4968: 4964: 4962: 4958: 4954: 4950: 4946: 4942: 4938: 4934: 4930: 4926: 4922: 4918: 4914: 4910: 4906: 4902: 4901:Protestantism 4898: 4894: 4892: 4888: 4883: 4879: 4875: 4871: 4867: 4863: 4859: 4855: 4851: 4847: 4843: 4839: 4834: 4832: 4828: 4824: 4820: 4816: 4815:Protestantism 4812: 4807: 4803: 4799: 4795: 4791: 4787: 4783: 4772: 4771:Folk religion 4762: 4752: 4742: 4732: 4722: 4721:Protestantism 4712: 4704: 4693: 4691: 4687: 4683: 4679: 4675: 4671: 4667: 4663: 4659: 4655: 4651: 4647: 4645: 4641: 4637: 4633: 4629: 4625: 4620: 4618: 4614: 4610: 4606: 4605:lingua franca 4602: 4598: 4594: 4590: 4586: 4582: 4578: 4577:Medan Hokkien 4574: 4570: 4566: 4562: 4558: 4554: 4550: 4546: 4542: 4541:Selat Panjang 4538: 4537:Bagansiapiapi 4534: 4530: 4527: 4523: 4518: 4516: 4512: 4508: 4504: 4499: 4497: 4496: 4491: 4487: 4483: 4479: 4475: 4471: 4467: 4463: 4459: 4455: 4451: 4447: 4443: 4439: 4435: 4431: 4426: 4422: 4418: 4413: 4408: 4406: 4405: 4404:lingua franca 4400: 4396: 4392: 4388: 4384: 4380: 4376: 4372: 4368: 4364: 4355: 4353: 4349: 4345: 4341: 4337: 4336:North Sumatra 4333: 4328: 4326: 4322: 4318: 4314: 4310: 4306: 4302: 4298: 4294: 4290: 4286: 4282: 4278: 4274: 4270: 4266: 4262: 4258: 4254: 4253: 4248: 4244: 4239: 4237: 4233: 4229: 4225: 4221: 4217: 4213: 4209: 4205: 4193: 4189: 4185: 4181: 4180:Sin Tong Heng 4176: 4172: 4170: 4166: 4162: 4158: 4154: 4150: 4146: 4142: 4138: 4134: 4130: 4126: 4122: 4118: 4114: 4110: 4109: 4104: 4100: 4096: 4091: 4089: 4086:(7.69%), and 4085: 4081: 4077: 4073: 4069: 4051: 4047: 4038: 4036: 4032: 4023: 4021: 4017: 4008: 4006: 4002: 3993: 3991: 3987: 3978: 3976: 3972: 3963: 3961: 3957: 3951: 3947: 3942: 3932: 3930: 3926: 3922: 3918: 3914: 3904: 3901: 3897: 3893: 3888: 3886: 3882: 3876: 3874: 3870: 3866: 3862: 3858: 3854: 3850: 3846: 3842: 3838: 3832: 3822: 3820: 3816: 3811: 3809: 3805: 3801: 3797: 3787: 3785: 3781: 3777: 3773: 3769: 3765: 3761: 3757: 3753: 3749: 3745: 3741: 3736: 3733: 3723: 3714: 3712: 3711:Bintan Island 3708: 3704: 3700: 3696: 3691: 3689: 3685: 3681: 3677: 3673: 3672:Matak Airport 3669: 3665: 3661: 3657: 3653: 3649: 3645: 3640: 3638: 3634: 3630: 3626: 3622: 3618: 3614: 3610: 3606: 3602: 3598: 3594: 3590: 3586: 3578: 3574: 3565: 3562: 3557: 3555: 3551: 3547: 3543: 3539: 3538:B. J. Habibie 3535: 3534: 3528: 3526: 3521: 3519: 3514: 3510: 3506: 3502: 3498: 3494: 3489: 3487: 3483: 3476: 3471: 3457: 3454: 3450: 3446: 3441: 3436: 3434: 3430: 3426: 3422: 3411: 3409: 3405: 3400: 3396: 3392: 3389: 3385: 3380: 3378: 3373: 3369: 3365: 3361: 3357: 3353: 3344: 3335: 3326: 3324: 3320: 3316: 3312: 3311:TotalEnergies 3308: 3299: 3295: 3291: 3287: 3283: 3278: 3276: 3273:, orange and 3272: 3268: 3264: 3260: 3256: 3252: 3247: 3242: 3238: 3232: 3229: 3224: 3220: 3212: 3207: 3203: 3199: 3197: 3196:mineral fuels 3192: 3189: 3188:manufacturing 3184: 3181: 3176: 3174: 3130: 3119: 3117: 3113: 3109: 3108: 3103: 3099: 3095: 3091: 3087: 3083: 3079: 3075: 3071: 3067: 3063: 3062: 3057: 3056: 3050: 3046: 3044: 3040: 3036: 3032: 3028: 3024: 3020: 3016: 3012: 3011:plastic waste 3007: 3003: 3002:blast fishing 2999: 2989: 2980: 2978: 2974: 2970: 2966: 2961: 2958: 2954: 2950: 2942: 2937: 2933: 2931: 2928: 2924: 2914: 2910: 2908: 2904: 2900: 2896: 2892: 2887: 2884: 2883:Lingga Island 2880: 2875: 2873: 2872:Badas Islands 2869: 2865: 2861: 2857: 2854:and mainland 2853: 2849: 2845: 2841: 2837: 2833: 2829: 2825: 2821: 2817: 2812: 2811:in the west. 2810: 2806: 2802: 2798: 2794: 2793:East Malaysia 2790: 2786: 2782: 2778: 2774: 2770: 2761: 2747: 2745: 2741: 2715: 2710: 2697: 2696: 2676: 2674: 2669: 2656: 2655: 2634: 2632: 2627: 2614: 2613: 2593: 2591: 2586: 2573: 2572: 2552: 2550:Teluk Bintan 2547: 2534: 2533: 2513: 2510: 2497: 2496: 2474: 2472: 2459: 2458: 2454: 2451: 2444: 2437: 2430: 2428: 2425: 2420: 2418: 2411: 2406: 2405: 2402: 2400: 2396: 2392: 2384: 2373: 2362: 2351: 2340: 2329: 2318: 2303: 2300: 2296: 2292: 2288: 2285:mainland and 2284: 2280: 2276: 2272: 2268: 2264: 2259: 2257: 2256: 2251: 2247: 2243: 2239: 2235: 2231: 2227: 2223: 2219: 2213: 2203: 2201: 2196: 2194: 2190: 2186: 2182: 2178: 2174: 2170: 2166: 2162: 2158: 2154: 2153:Head of State 2150: 2146: 2141: 2139: 2135: 2131: 2125: 2123: 2119: 2115: 2111: 2107: 2101: 2086: 2084: 2079: 2074: 2071: 2067: 2062: 2060: 2056: 2052: 2046: 2044: 2040: 2036: 2026: 2022: 2019: 2015: 2010: 2005: 2001: 1997: 1992: 1990: 1985: 1981: 1976: 1972: 1968: 1962: 1952: 1950: 1946: 1942: 1936: 1934: 1930: 1926: 1922: 1918: 1912: 1910: 1906: 1899: 1892: 1889:) during the 1888: 1884: 1879: 1877: 1873: 1869: 1865: 1861: 1857: 1853: 1849: 1845: 1842:, Lingga and 1841: 1840:Great Karimun 1837: 1832: 1830: 1826: 1822: 1818: 1814: 1810: 1806: 1802: 1798: 1790: 1789: 1784: 1779: 1775: 1773: 1769: 1765: 1761: 1755: 1751: 1741: 1739: 1735: 1731: 1727: 1724:mainland and 1723: 1719: 1715: 1709: 1707: 1703: 1702:Tengku Ampuan 1699: 1695: 1691: 1687: 1683: 1679: 1674: 1670: 1667: 1658: 1654: 1652: 1647: 1643: 1638: 1634: 1630: 1626: 1622: 1618: 1614: 1610: 1606: 1601: 1599: 1595: 1591: 1587: 1583: 1577: 1575: 1571: 1566: 1562: 1558: 1554: 1550: 1546: 1536: 1532: 1530: 1526: 1522: 1517: 1513: 1508: 1506: 1502: 1496: 1494: 1490: 1489:Spanish Coins 1486: 1482: 1478: 1473: 1471: 1468:Jaafar (then- 1467: 1463: 1462:Royal Regalia 1459: 1455: 1454: 1448: 1444: 1440: 1436: 1432: 1428: 1427:heir apparent 1420: 1405: 1403: 1389: 1380: 1371: 1362: 1360: 1346: 1341: 1336: 1332: 1325:Colonial rule 1322: 1320: 1319:Raja Ali Haji 1316: 1312: 1308: 1304: 1299: 1295: 1286: 1282: 1280: 1276: 1272: 1268: 1264: 1260: 1255: 1253: 1252:Iskandar Muda 1249: 1245: 1241: 1237: 1233: 1229: 1224: 1219: 1217: 1212: 1210: 1206: 1202: 1198: 1194: 1190: 1186: 1178: 1174: 1168:Sultanate era 1165: 1164:(Singapore). 1163: 1159: 1158:Sri Tri Buana 1155: 1150: 1148: 1144: 1140: 1136: 1131: 1129: 1125: 1121: 1117: 1113: 1107: 1105: 1101: 1097: 1093: 1086: 1085:1950–present 1084: 1072: 1060: 1048: 1036: 1024: 998: 996: 992: 987: 983: 979: 975: 971: 967: 962: 960: 956: 952: 948: 943: 941: 937: 933: 929: 925: 921: 917: 907: 905: 901: 897: 896:United States 893: 890:, as well as 889: 885: 881: 877: 873: 869: 865: 861: 856: 854: 850: 846: 842: 838: 834: 830: 826: 822: 818: 813: 811: 807: 803: 799: 795: 791: 787: 783: 779: 775: 771: 766: 764: 760: 756: 752: 748: 744: 740: 736: 732: 728: 724: 720: 716: 712: 708: 704: 701:to the east, 700: 696: 692: 688: 684: 683:Riau Province 680: 677:: 廖內群島) is a 676: 671:كڤولاوان رياو 668: 664: 660: 656: 646: 638: 634: 627: 618: 616: 612: 603: 599: 595: 592:29,744 ( 591: 586: 581: 577: 574: 570: 566: 562: 557: 552: 548: 545: 543: - Total 541: 537: 534: 530: 526: 524: 520: 516: 514: 513:ISO 3166 code 510: 506: 502: 499: 497: 493: 490: 486: 482: 478: 474: 470: 461: 454: 451: 447: 440: 438: 434: 432: 428: 426: 422: 420: 416: 414: 410: 409: 407: 403: 396: 394: 390: 388: 384: 382: 378: 376: 372: 370: 366: 365: 363: 360:Ethnic groups 358: • 356: 351: 347: 343: 339: 335: 332: 329: 325: 321: 317: 312: 308: 304: 300: 296: 292: 288: 285: 282: 278: 274: 270: 265: 260: 255: 252: 248: 244: 240: 237: 233: 229: 225: 220: 217: 213: 209: 205: 203: 199: 196: 193: 189: 186: 185:Tanjungpinang 183: 179: 175: 171: 166: 138:Coordinates: 136: 131:OpenStreetMap 127: 123: 118: 111: 103: 101: 93: 83: 75: 70: 66: 61: 56: 47: 41: 37: 33: 19: 12532:Riau Islands 12459:Poverty rate 12427: 12415: 12343:North Maluku 12191:Central Java 12159:West Sumatra 12149:Riau Islands 12148: 12096: 12088: 11928:South Natuna 11921:Great Natuna 11816: 11752: 11694: 11679:Riau Islands 11678: 11548:Riau Islands 11547: 11390:Riau Islands 11389: 11258:Riau Islands 11232:. 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February 8710:GeoJournal 8689:17 October 8657:17 October 8614:17 October 8578:17 October 8543:4 November 8465:10 October 8401:18 October 8375:18 October 8331:18 October 8212:17 October 8108:17 October 7869:17 October 7820:17 October 7772:KOMPASIANA 7688:21 January 7641:21 January 7615:21 January 7535:21 January 7400:21 January 7374:21 January 7132:Turnbull, 6774:, pg. 6–10 6389:Suwardi MS 6374:24 January 6131:References 6077:curry puff 6043:Indonesian 5912:ikan bilis 5872:ikan bilis 5860:Nasi lemak 5809:Nasi lemak 5647:Riau Malay 5637:and other 5295:Mandailing 4921:Simalungun 4913:Batak Toba 4654:governance 4650:Indonesian 4617:vocabulary 4613:Indonesian 4495:Orang Laut 4478:Terengganu 4363:Indonesian 4293:Zhao Rugua 4169:Orang laut 4153:Orang laut 4149:Orang laut 4145:Orang Laut 4125:Orang laut 4121:Orang laut 4113:Orang laut 4108:Orang laut 4078:(12.48%), 4074:(24.95%), 4070:(29.95%), 3847:) and the 3815:Indonesian 3796:Indonesian 3790:Healthcare 3421:Indonesian 3395:PDAM Kepri 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