545:
533:
1417:
659:
255:
40:
674:
626:
694:
686:
544:
836:
Based on the M-13, the M-30 rocket was developed in 1942. Its bulbous warhead required it to be fired from a grounded frame, called the M-30 (single frame, four round; later double frame, 8 round), instead of a launch rail mounted on a truck. In 1944 it became the basis for the BM-31-12 truck-mounted
766:
After their success in the first month of the war, mass production was ordered and the development of other models proceeded. The
Katyusha was inexpensive and could be manufactured in light industrial installations which did not have the heavy equipment to build conventional artillery gun barrels. By
758:
The first large-scale testing of the rocket launchers took place at the end of 1938, when 233 rounds of various types were used. A salvo of rockets could completely straddle a target at a range of 5,500 metres (3.4 mi). But the artillery branch was not fond of the
Katyusha, because it took up to
1507:
of three batteries, totalling 36 BM-13 or BM-8 launchers. Independent Guards mortar battalions were also formed of 12 launchers in three batteries of four. By the end of 1941, there were eight regiments, 35 independent battalions, and two independent batteries in service, a total of 554 launchers.
277:
such as these deliver explosives to a target area more intensively than conventional artillery, but with lower accuracy and requiring a longer time to reload. They are fragile compared to artillery guns, but are cheap, easy to produce, and usable on almost any chassis. The
Katyushas of World War II,
898:
For example, the BM-8-16 was a vehicle with 16 rails for M-8 rockets while the BM-31-12 fired the M-31 rockets from 12 launch tubes. Short names such as BM-8 or BM-13 were used as well. The chassis carrying the launcher was not defined in the name e.g. BM-8-24 referred to a truck mounted launcher
759:
50 minutes to load and fire 24 rounds, while a conventional howitzer could fire 95 to 150 rounds in the same time. Testing with various rockets was conducted through 1940, and the BM-13-16 with launch rails for sixteen rockets was authorized for production. Only forty launchers were built before
598:
of four BM-13 launchers could fire a salvo in 7–10 seconds that delivered 4.35 tons of high explosives over a 400,000-square-metre (4,300,000 sq ft) impact zone, making its power roughly equivalent to that of 72 conventional artillery guns. With an efficient crew, the launchers could
1511:
In June 1942 heavy Guards mortar battalions were formed around the new M-30 static rocket launch frames, consisting of 96 launchers in three batteries. In July, a battalion of BM-13s was added to the establishment of a tank corps. In 1944, the BM-31 was used in motorized heavy Guards mortar
1515:
By the end of 1942, 57 regiments were in service—together with the smaller independent battalions, this was the equivalent of 216 batteries: 21% BM-8 light launchers, 56% BM-13, and 23% M-30 heavy launchers. By the end of the war, the equivalent of 518 batteries were in service.
256:
330:
840:
A battery of BM-13-16 launchers included four firing vehicles, two reload trucks and two technical support trucks, with each firing vehicle having a crew of six. Reloading was executed in 3–4 minutes, although the standard procedure was to
845:
some 10 km away due to the ease with which the battery could be identified by the enemy. Three batteries were combined into a division (company), and three divisions into a separate mine-firing regiment of rocket artillery.
611:
on enemy forces. The weapon's disadvantage was the long time it took to reload a launcher, in contrast to conventional artillery guns which could sustain a continuous, albeit low, rate of fire.
490:
1181:
1095:
1059:
325:
Initially, concerns for secrecy kept the military designation of the
Katyushas from being known by the soldiers who operated them. They were called by code names such as
2498:
1486:
mortar batteries for the support of infantry divisions. A battery's complement was standardized at four launchers. They remained under NKVD control until German
1450:
in late 1942. One of the first experimental models was equipped with a
Katyusha rocket launcher and tested in the summer of 1943. The project was not continued.
2468:
2473:
2488:
806:, 'standardized'), and more than 1,800 of this model were manufactured by the end of World War II. After World War II, BM-13s were based on Soviet-built
747:
trucks proved unstable, and V.N. Galkovskiy proposed mounting the launch rails longitudinally. In August 1939, the result was the BM-13 (BM stands for
717:(GDL), with the first test-firing of a solid fuel rocket carried out in March 1928, which flew for about 1,300 meters The rockets were used to assist
790:
chassis as the KV-1K, but this was a needless waste of heavy armour. Starting in 1942, they were also mounted on various
British, Canadian and U.S.
2483:
1973:
286:. This mobility gave the Katyusha, and other self-propelled artillery, another advantage: being able to deliver a large blow all at once, and then
181:
1865:
583:
rocket of the BM-13 system was 80 cm (2 ft 7 in) long, 13.2 cm (5.2 in) in diameter and weighed 42 kg (93 lb).
2478:
2322:"Указ Президента СССР от 21.06.1991 № УП-2120 «О присвоении звания Героя Социалистического Труда создателям отечественного реактивного оружия»"
2300:
2433:
1778:
1463:
568:, as well as on naval and riverine vessels as assault support weapons. Soviet engineers also mounted single Katyusha rockets on lengths of
2365:
Scafeș, Cornel (2004). "Buletinul
Muzeului Național Militar, Nr. 2/2004" [Bulletin of the National Military Museum, No. 2/2004].
2183:"История Великой Отечественной войны" в 6 томах (History of Great Patriotic War), vol. 2, p. 66, chapter by field-marshal Andrey Eremenko
176:
767:
the end of 1942, 3,237 Katyusha launchers of all types had been built, and by the end of the war total production reached about 10,000.
2449:
2421:
2065:
651:
532:
829:
trucks as the BM-8-48. In 1942, the team of scientists Leonid
Shvarts, Moisei Komissarchik and engineer Yakov Shor received the
1670:
1627:
1462:
was raised to operate them. On July 14, 1941, an experimental artillery battery of seven launchers was first used in battle at
1416:
736:
710:
620:
334:
313:
is also applied to newer truck-mounted post-Soviet – in addition to non-Soviet – multiple-rocket launchers, notably the common
2301:"Who created the "Katyusha"? Andrey Kostikov: the life and fate of the inventor of "Katyusha" Who is the designer of Katyusha"
2089:
1512:
battalions of 48 launchers. In 1943, Guards mortar brigades, and later divisions, were formed equipped with static launchers.
2355:
2259:
1788:
368:", about a girl longing for her absent beloved, who has gone away on military service. Katyusha is the Russian equivalent of
799:
633:
1615:
Participants in the creation of the
Katyusha rocket launcher received official recognition only in 1991. By decree of the
1474:, destroying a concentration of German troops with tanks, armored vehicles and trucks in the marketplace, causing massive
658:
2443:
1596:
1500:
171:
1528:(MRL) have led them to continue to be developed. In the years following WWII, the BM-13 was replaced by the 140 mm
405:, and the sound of the weapon's rocket motors, a distinctive howling sound which terrified the German troops, adding a
941:
2396:
2367:
2284:
1957:
1949:Исследовательский центр имени М. В. Келдыша. 1933-2003 : 70 лет на передовых рубежах ракетно-космической техники
1900:
1873:
1764:
1548:. Advances in artillery munitions have been applied to some Katyusha-type multiple launch rocket systems, including
579:
were mounted, with a folding frame to raise the rails to launch position. Each truck had 14 to 48 launchers. The
2251:
Korean War Order of Battle: United States, United
Nations, and Communist Ground, Naval, and Air Forces, 1950-1953
2148:
1576:
1616:
1197:
121:
1437:
had captured Katyushas during the war. Germany considered producing a local copy, but instead created the
813:
The 82 mm BM-8 was approved in August 1941, and deployed as the BM-8-36 on truck beds and BM-8-24 on
2321:
1588:
1475:
1439:
166:
1447:
2493:
1568:
1483:
549:
2063:
Tales of 'Tank City'. Rachel Bayvel Celebrates the Soviet Jews Who Produced Weapons for Allied Victory
1458:
The multiple rocket launchers were top secret at the beginning of World War II and a special unit of
20:
2234:
1943:
1649:
1631:
1525:
698:
279:
274:
131:
57:
1600:
1572:
714:
706:
146:
1413:
The M-8 and M-13 rocket could also be fitted with smoke warheads, although this was not common.
2388:
1751:
1580:
608:
591:
569:
156:
2249:
1996:. Washington, D.C.: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, NASA History Div. p. 9
2140:
2134:
722:
406:
345:
was only allowed into secret documents in 1942, and remained classified until after the war.
2380:
760:
537:
291:
2062:
8:
2442:, translation of a 1976 article published by the USSR Defence Ministry (broken link, see
2086:
1604:
1549:
604:
393:
106:
1967:
830:
735:, including firing rockets from aircraft and the ground. In June 1938, GDL's successor
478:
450:
1684:, rocket launcher mounted on M4 Sherman tank chassis., used in small numbers 1944-1945
2417:
2392:
2381:
2351:
2280:
2255:
2154:
2144:
1953:
1896:
1869:
1784:
1760:
1619:
1584:
1205:
900:
595:
561:
361:
141:
2439:
1756:
1557:
802:
was so good that it became the GAU's standard mounting in 1943, designated BM-13N (
506:
494:
426:
262:
249:
161:
151:
2069:
1676:
1623:
1467:
1459:
842:
732:
600:
575:
The design was relatively simple, consisting of racks of parallel rails on which
438:
414:
365:
287:
283:
199:
1947:
1258:
static launching rail, in 1944 also available with 2x4 launching rails (M-31-8)
1244:
static launching rail, in 1944 also available with 2x4 launching rails (M-30-8)
673:
1746:
1495:
On August 8, 1941, Stalin ordered the formation of eight special Guards mortar
743:
launchers for the modified 132 mm M-132 rockets. Firing over the sides of
565:
466:
126:
39:
2462:
2376:
2093:
1780:
Voices of the Scandinavian Waffen-SS: The Final Testament of Hitler's Vikings
1687:
1643:
919:
911:
775:
744:
398:
45:
2440:"Creation and Development of Rocket Artillery in the First Phase of the War"
1540:, the Soviet Union fielded several models of Katyusha-like MRL, notably the
1478:
casualties and panicked retreat from the town. Following the success, the
2158:
2016:
1681:
1664:
1545:
1471:
1201:
560:, were mounted on many platforms during World War II, including on trucks,
270:
266:
101:
67:
1988:
1917:
1990:
Challenge to Apollo : the Soviet Union and the space race, 1945-1974
1843:
1654:
1488:
1434:
854:
Soviet World War II rocket systems were named according to set patterns:
607:. Katyusha batteries were often massed in very large numbers to create a
458:
116:
625:
409:
aspect to their use. Weapons of this type are known by the same name in
1862:
FUBAR (F***ed Up Beyond All Recognition): Soldier Slang of World War II
1564:
1541:
826:
791:
667:
630:
402:
373:
314:
136:
111:
2348:
The Essential Vehicle Identification Guide: Soviet Tanks Units 1939–45
887:
In navy use, the order of the elements was different, taking the form
1592:
1583:. Soviet BM-13s were known to have been imported to China before the
1553:
1504:
1209:
1079:
1075:
1028:
818:
794:
trucks, in which case they were sometimes referred to as BM-13S. The
740:
587:
337:, the Reactive Scientific Research Institute, and finally classed as
282:
mass-produced by the Soviet Union, were usually mounted on ordinary
1537:
1496:
1479:
1213:
795:
557:
357:
353:
1848:
Hitler's war on Russia: the story of the German defeat in the East
1544:
launchers somewhat inspired by the earlier weapon, and the larger
536:
A battery of Katyusha launchers fires at German forces during the
975:
923:
807:
787:
678:
663:
474:
462:
422:
410:
2098:
Yevrey pri bol’shevistskom stroye (Jews in the Bolshevist order)
693:
2453:
822:
779:
685:
576:
502:
446:
434:
2192:
Andrey Sapronov «Россия» newspaper No. 23 of June 21–27, 2001
1533:
1529:
1167:
ZIS-6 truck, improvised vehicle mount, towed trailer or sled
928:
915:
783:
782:. In 1941, a small number of BM-13 launchers were mounted on
771:
580:
486:
401:, comparing the visual resemblance of the launch array to a
2201:
Andrey Sapronov «Парламентская газета» No 80 of May 5, 2005
959:
Backpack (portable variant, so called "mountain Katyusha"),
934:
814:
718:
1942:АКИМОВ В.Н., КОРОТЕЕВ А.С., ГАФАРОВ А.А. и другие (2003).
2096:(Engineering-technical activities of Jews in the USSR)",
1626:, V. N. Luzhin, B. S. Petropavlovsky, B. M. Slonimer and
2414:
Katyusha: Russian Multiple Rocket Launchers 1941–Present
1690:, another German rocket launcher mounted on a half-track
1657:, the most common barrage rocket series employed by the
2087:
Inzhenerno-tekhnicheskaya deyatel’nost’ yevreyev v SSSR
821:
light tank chassis. Later these were also installed on
384:
which itself is then given the affectionate diminutive
1818:
697:
An M13 rocket for the Katyusha launcher on display in
2165:
2122:. Krasnaya Zvezda Publishing House. 1974. p. 13.
2039:
2037:
899:(ZIS-5) as well as on the T-40 tank and on the STZ-3
2375:
2371:(in Romanian). Bucharest: Total Publishing: 210–237.
1139:
ZIS-6 truck, Studebaker US6 U3 truck, rail carriage
731:, 'rocket-powered shell') in the early 1930s led by
391:
German troops coined the nickname "Stalin's organ" (
44:
BM-13 Katyusha multiple rocket launcher, based on a
2103:
601:
redeploy to a new location immediately after firing
2211:
2209:
2207:
2034:
1742:
1740:
2383:Soviet Tanks and Combat Vehicles of World War Two
2139:. Gander, Terry. New York: Arco Pub. Co. p.
1895:. Sterling Publishing Company. pp. 173–174.
1804:
1802:
1800:
1730:
1728:
1726:
1724:
1722:
1720:
1710:
1708:
1492:rocket launchers became common later in the war.
516:The heavy BM-31 launcher was also referred to as
2460:
2293:
2017:"History of the Rocket Research Institute, RNII"
1667:, German rocket launcher mounted on a half-track
1634:for their work on the creation of the Katyusha.
1000:Improvised vehicle mount, towed trailer or sled
2204:
1737:
556:Katyusha rocket launchers, which were built in
2499:Military vehicles introduced from 1940 to 1944
2076:no. 198, summer 2005. Retrieved on 2008-09-30.
1797:
1717:
1705:
1673:where the Katyusha rocket launcher was created
1532:and the BM-31 was replaced by the 240 mm
1200:"Inter" truck, International M-5-5-318 truck,
770:The truck-mounted Katyushas were installed on
586:The weapon is less accurate than conventional
297:Katyusha weapons of World War II included the
2469:Multiple rocket launchers of the Soviet Union
877:towed trailers and sledges used the format M-
786:artillery tractors. A few were also tried on
726:
239:
2474:Self-propelled artillery of the Soviet Union
1972:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
16:Soviet/Russian multiple launch rocket system
2132:
1893:The Encyclopedia of Weapons of World War II
1646:, employed by Allied forces in World War II
524:, an affectionate diminutive of "Andrew").
2489:World War II artillery of the Soviet Union
2387:. London: Arms and Armour Press. pp.
1610:
2350:. London: Amber Books. pp. 158–165.
348:Because they were marked with the letter
2274:
1886:
1884:
1882:
1415:
692:
684:
672:
657:
624:
603:, denying the enemy the opportunity for
543:
531:
182:Israel–Hezbollah conflict (2023–present)
2484:Wheeled self-propelled rocket launchers
2339:
2247:
2100:, Minneapolis. Retrieved on 2008-09-30.
1986:
1980:
1909:
1630:were posthumously awarded title of the
1519:
1503:(RVGK). Each regiment comprised three
1212:G-7117 truck, Studebaker US6 U3 truck,
825:jeeps as the BM-8-8, and on the larger
755:), 'combat vehicle' for M-13 rockets).
177:Saudi Arabian–led intervention in Yemen
2461:
2412:Prenatt, Jamie and Hook, Adam (2016).
2364:
2345:
2171:
1952:. М: Машиностроение. pp. 92–101.
1890:
1842:
1671:Reactive Scientific Research Institute
1622:dated June 21, 1991, I. T. Kleymenov,
737:Reactive Scientific Research Institute
621:Reactive Scientific Research Institute
2479:World War II self-propelled artillery
2241:
1879:
1776:
248:
2248:Rottman, Gordon L. (December 2002).
906:Chassis for the launchers included:
874:the number of launch rails or tubes.
833:for the development of the BM-8-48.
774:6×4 trucks, as well as the two-axle
590:guns, but is extremely effective in
1597:French Far East Expeditionary Corps
1501:Reserve of the Supreme High Command
1446:Romania had started developing its
1443:, which was based on the Katyusha.
1428:
858:Ground vehicles were designated BM-
13:
2406:
2277:Vietnam: An Epic Tragedy 1945–1975
1941:
721:and were later developed into the
662:BM-31-12 on ZIS-12 at the Museum (
14:
2510:
2427:
2416:, Oxford: Osprey Publishing Ltd.
1453:
870:referred to the rocket model and
652:Museum of the Great Patriotic War
1777:Trigg, Jonathan (15 July 2018).
1499:under the direct control of the
761:Germany invaded the Soviet Union
38:
2314:
2268:
2227:
2218:
2195:
2186:
2177:
2126:
2112:
2079:
2055:
2046:
2014:
2008:
1935:
1915:
1783:. Amberley Publishing Limited.
1337:11,800 m (12,900 yd)
1182:Project 1125 armored river boat
1096:Project 1125 armored river boat
1060:Project 1125 armored river boat
800:Studebaker US6 2½-ton 6×6 truck
527:
360:troops adopted a nickname from
265:first built and fielded by the
172:Yemeni civil war (2014–present)
2436:of various mounts of Katyushas
1854:
1836:
1811:
1770:
1216:-352M-13 truck, rail carriage
739:(RNII) began building several
614:
222:
1:
1694:
1617:President of the Soviet Union
1470:under the command of Captain
1407:4,000 m (4,400 yd)
1393:4,325 m (4,730 yd)
1379:2,800 m (3,100 yd)
1365:5,050 m (5,520 yd)
1351:7,900 m (8,600 yd)
1323:8,740 m (9,560 yd)
1309:5,900 m (6,500 yd)
1699:
1587:and were operational in the
1262:
1248:
1234:
1220:
1187:
1171:
1157:
1143:
1129:
1125:Towed trailer, GAZ-AA truck
1115:
1101:
1085:
1065:
1049:
1035:
1018:
1004:
990:
376:form of the name Katherine.
7:
2133:Chamberlain, Peter (1975).
2085:Yosif Kremenetsky (1999), "
1637:
1524:The success and economy of
1440:8 cm Raketen-Vielfachwerfer
1422:8 cm Raketen-Vielfachwerfer
1306:0.64 kg (1.4 lb)
1268:
1265:
1254:
1251:
1240:
1237:
1226:
1223:
1193:
1190:
1177:
1174:
1163:
1160:
1149:
1146:
1135:
1132:
1121:
1118:
1107:
1104:
1091:
1088:
1071:
1068:
1055:
1052:
1041:
1038:
1024:
1021:
1010:
1007:
996:
993:
849:
727:
320:
10:
2515:
1944:"Оружие победы — «Катюша»"
1860:Gordon L. Rottman (2007),
1595:deployed them against the
1404:28.9 kg (64 lb)
1397:
1390:28.9 kg (64 lb)
1383:
1376:28.9 kg (64 lb)
1369:
1362:18.4 kg (41 lb)
1355:
1341:
1327:
1313:
1299:
618:
572:to serve in urban combat.
548:Katyusha salvo during the
491:Spanish-speaking countries
364:'s popular wartime song, "
18:
2379:; James Grandsen (1984).
2235:"The BM-24-12 in the IDF"
1918:"Gas Dynamics Laboratory"
1526:multiple rocket launchers
1424:was based on the Katyusha
1348:4.9 kg (11 lb)
1334:4.9 kg (11 lb)
1320:4.9 kg (11 lb)
1111:ZIS-5 truck, ZIS-6 truck
931:tracked artillery tractor
922:trucks, and post war the
288:move before being located
275:Multiple rocket launchers
240:
221:
213:
205:
195:
190:
94:
86:
78:
73:
64:Place of origin
63:
53:
37:
30:
2368:National Military Museum
2254:. Praeger. p. 198.
1650:List of rocket artillery
1632:Hero of Socialist Labour
1589:People's Liberation Army
1563:BM-13s were used in the
1272:Studebaker US6 U3 truck
843:switch to a new position
707:solid propellant rockets
380:is given the diminutive
280:self-propelled artillery
209:Voronezh Plant Comintern
132:South African Border War
122:Cambodian–Vietnamese War
90:Soviet Union, and others
58:Multiple rocket launcher
1891:Bishop, Chris (2002) .
1819:"Katyusha - Wiktionary"
1611:Recognition and honours
1601:Battle of Dien Bien Phu
1569:People's Volunteer Army
715:Gas Dynamics Laboratory
705:Initial development of
397:), after Soviet leader
167:War in Iraq (2013–2017)
2450:Photo of a Cuban BM-21
2346:Porter, David (2009).
2275:Hastings, Max (2018).
2120:Soviet military review
1987:Siddiqi, Asif (2000).
1752:Inside the Soviet Army
1448:Mareșal tank destroyer
1425:
1230:static launching rail
1045:Towed trailer or sled
1014:Towed trailer or sled
702:
690:
682:
670:
655:
592:saturation bombardment
553:
550:Vistula–Oder offensive
541:
510:
498:
482:
470:
454:
442:
430:
418:
392:
309:. Today, the nickname
157:First Libyan Civil War
1850:. Harrap. p. 98.
1581:United Nations forces
1419:
696:
688:
676:
666:) on Sapun Mountain,
661:
629:BM-13N Katyusha on a
628:
547:
535:
407:psychological warfare
317:and its derivatives.
2340:General bibliography
2279:. New York: Harper.
1573:Korean People's Army
1552:, remotely deployed
1550:bomblet submunitions
1520:Post-war development
940:Lend-lease provided
719:take-off of aircraft
538:Battle of Stalingrad
356:Komintern Factory),
292:counter-battery fire
19:For other uses, see
2136:Mortars and rockets
1605:First Indochina War
1280:
968:
967:Katyusha mountings
798:performance of the
709:was carried out by
605:counterbattery fire
147:Uganda–Tanzania War
107:First Indochina War
2109:Porter, pp 158–65.
2068:2009-01-31 at the
2052:Zaloga, pp 153–54.
2043:Zaloga, pp 154–55.
1603:at the end of the
1426:
1279:Katyusha rockets:
1278:
966:
947:Armored train car,
728:Reaktivnyy Snaryad
711:Nikolai Tikhomirov
703:
691:
683:
671:
656:
562:artillery tractors
554:
542:
333:, the head of the
290:and attacked with
250:[kɐˈtʲuʂə]
191:Production history
2494:Soviet inventions
2422:978 1 4728 1086 1
2377:Zaloga, Steven J.
2357:978-1-906626-21-1
2324:. КонсультантПлюс
2261:978-0-275-97835-8
2237:. 8 January 2011.
2021:Russian Space Web
1922:Russian Space Web
1823:en.wiktionary.org
1790:978-1-4456-7469-8
1759:. Prentice Hall,
1620:Mikhail Gorbachev
1585:Sino-Soviet split
1558:chemical warheads
1411:
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362:Mikhail Isakovsky
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763:in June 1941.
713:at the Soviet
677:Katyusha on a
648:-ton 6×6 truck
619:Main article:
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2024:. Retrieved
2020:
2010:
1998:. Retrieved
1989:
1982:
1948:
1937:
1925:. Retrieved
1921:
1911:
1892:
1861:
1856:
1847:
1844:Carell, Paul
1838:
1826:. Retrieved
1822:
1813:
1779:
1772:
1750:
1682:T34 Calliope
1665:Panzerwerfer
1658:
1614:
1577:South Korean
1575:against the
1562:
1546:BM-27 Uragan
1523:
1514:
1510:
1494:
1487:
1472:Ivan Flyorov
1457:
1445:
1438:
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1284:Weapon name
1204:truck, Ford/
1202:Fordson WOT8
962:
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871:
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863:
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831:Stalin Prize
812:
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609:shock effect
585:
574:
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305:, and heavy
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271:World War II
267:Soviet Union
235:
233:
206:Manufacturer
102:World War II
87:Used by
82:1941–present
68:Soviet Union
25:
2172:Scafeș 2004
1655:Nebelwerfer
1599:during the
1489:Nebelwerfer
1476:German Army
1460:NKVD troops
1435:Axis powers
1420:The German
950:River boat,
751:(translit.
615:Development
511:Stalinorgel
471:Stalinorgel
459:Netherlands
455:Stalinorgel
419:Stalinorgel
394:Stalinorgel
341:. The name
331:A. Kostikov
225: built
117:Vietnam War
2463:Categories
2150:0668038179
1868:, Osprey,
1695:References
1565:Korean War
1554:land mines
1542:BM-21 Grad
1505:battalions
837:launcher.
827:Studebaker
792:Lend-Lease
668:Sevastopol
631:Lend-Lease
489:and other
403:pipe organ
378:Yekaterina
374:diminutive
315:BM-21 Grad
278:the first
137:Ogaden War
112:Korean War
1968:cite book
1700:Citations
1659:Wehrmacht
1593:Viet Minh
1497:regiments
1263:BM-31-12
1210:Chevrolet
1188:BM-13-16
1029:Willys MB
741:prototype
650:, at the
588:artillery
518:Andryusha
479:Hungarian
451:Norwegian
32:Katyusha
2328:14 April
2090:Archived
2066:Archived
1846:(1964).
1749:(1982),
1638:See also
1538:Cold War
1480:Red Army
1292:Warhead
1214:GMC CCKW
1144:BM-8-72
1130:BM-8-48
1116:BM-8-40
1102:BM-8-36
1066:BM-8-24
986:Chassis
866:, where
850:Variants
810:trucks.
725:(RS for
558:Voronezh
386:Katyusha
366:Katyusha
358:Red Army
354:Voronezh
329:, after
321:Nickname
311:Katyusha
236:Katyusha
228:~100,000
214:Produced
196:Designer
21:Katyusha
2444:archive
2159:2067459
1398:M-31UK
1342:M-13UK
1328:M-13DD
1287:Caliber
1249:M-31-4
1235:M-30-4
1221:M-20-6
1172:6-M-13
1086:24-M-8
1050:16-M-8
1036:M-8-12
1019:BM-8-8
976:Caliber
972:Weapon
924:ZIS-151
808:ZIS-151
788:KV tank
679:ZIL-157
664:Diorama
643:⁄
596:battery
577:rockets
522:Андрюша
507:Swedish
495:Spanish
475:Hungary
463:Belgium
457:), the
427:Finnish
423:Finland
411:Denmark
241:Катю́ша
2454:Angola
2434:Photos
2420:
2395:
2354:
2306:5 June
2283:
2258:
2157:
2147:
2026:7 July
2000:3 July
1956:
1927:29 May
1899:
1872:
1828:14 May
1787:
1763:
1591:. The
1556:, and
1484:Guards
1464:Rudnya
1158:BM-13
1005:M-8-6
983:rails
981:Tubes/
944:truck,
920:GAZ-AA
823:GAZ-67
780:ZIS-5V
503:Sweden
447:Norway
439:French
435:France
415:Danish
382:Katya,
284:trucks
48:truck.
2391:–54.
1994:(PDF)
1866:p 279
1757:p 207
1534:BM-24
1530:BM-14
1384:M-31
1370:M-30
1356:M-20
1314:M-13
1289:(mm)
1031:jeep
991:BM-8
978:(mm)
929:STZ-5
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