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187:. The surface is polished till all irregularities and edges become smooth. Then gold and silver foils are used in combination with the paste of chalk and glue mixture, which is applied to the exterior and interior surfaces of the object using a brush. After drying of the treated object, the surfaces are again polished using baked brick pieces. To prevent any cracking more paper strips are pasted and then polished again to smooth the surface, to get the colour of
171:
practice to mix the powdered paper with rice water to facilitate coagulation. The pulp thus made is applied on molds made in wood or brass. In earlier times, the mold was made of clay by the craftsman himself. It is also said that paper was just softened and not pulped and then applied in layers over the mold and drying it after covering each layer of pulp to get the desired shape. At the wet stage of application, the layers were covered with a
52:. It is based primarily on paper pulp, and is a richly decorated, colourful artifact; generally in the form of vases, bowls, or cups (with and without metal rims), boxes, trays, bases of lamps, and many other small objects. These are made in homes, and workshops, in Srinagar, and other parts of the Kashmir Valley, and are marketed primarily within India, although there is a significant international market. The product is protected under the
225:. It is then sun dried. Following this process of drying the surface of the art object is cleaned thoroughly with a wet cloth. Then the surface of the artwork is again treated with a coat of silver and gold foils and then designs are created over the surface followed by a smoothing of the surface using gemstones such as
233:). Then the art piece is again sun-dried and made ready for painting. Distemper colours made with pigments and glue are used to paint the artwork with various designs. The brushes used for the painting are made of hair of goat, cat or donkey. The practice was to use "craft mineral, organic and vegetable colours."
241:
With new technologies and manufacturing techniques, the art of paper papier-mâché is slowly dying. The economic viability of the art, has taken a hit due to machine carving and artisans preferring other jobs. The art and its products most cater to the premier luxury sector with the price range on the
182:
The present practice is, however, to complete the layering of pulp over the mold at one stage itself and then dry it before polishing it with gemstones. The artwork is then detached from the mold using a saw and then rejoined using dense glue. The joint is then rubbed slowly with a file made of wood
170:
makers. The materials involved with this process are discarded paper, cloth, straw of rice plant, which are mixed and made into a pulp. The paper, after immersing in water for 4–5 weeks, is taken out and made into a pulp and dried. The dried paper is then converted to a powder. There is also a
102:
The papier-mâché technique of using paper pulp for making decorative objects was first brought to
Kashmir in the 14th century by Mir Sayyid Ali Hamadani, a Sufi mystic, who arrived to Kashmir along with his followers, many of whom were craftsmen. These craftsmen used hand-made paper pulp from Iran
126:
as it was crafted on smoothly finished surfaces created using paper pulp or on layers of polished paper. Even treated and stretched skin was used for the purpose. Starting with decorating jackets of books, the art covered many items of that period such as tables, table ware, bangles, lamp stands,
134:, its use was extended to include many items of home furniture that were made in Kashmir. Many notable objects of this type are exhibited in museums in many parts of the world. The basic method followed was to apply the papier-mâché on wood work, and one such work can be seen in Kashmir at the
146:
in
Srinagar. This tradition of using papier-mâché or pulp on wood work to be colourfully painted with different designs is very much in practice even today. Some of the older designs involved intricate painting of kingfishers, maple leaves and other designs, such as "Arabesque", "Yarkand" and
107:. These artists who were also well-versed in other handicrafts such as woodcarving, copper engraving and carpet weaving made Kashmir their permanent home. Another story posits that the art was brought to Kashmir in the 15th century by a local prince who had previously been imprisoned in
191:
or earth or of gold, white, black, blue or red. The surface of the object is demarcated with yellow colour, which is then followed by floral designs made in different colours in dark or light shades with application of adhesive compound called
53:
506:
392:
315:
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83:, for objects made by moulding paper pulp in various shapes . In the figurative sense the word 'papier-mâché' has come to be identified as the art of Kashmir.
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upper side. Lower quality, cheaper machine products have given a tough challenge to the sector, with artisans struggling to keep the sector going.
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Earlier to this period the practice was to draw colourful paintings on wood on household furniture such as ceilings, bedsteads, doors and windows,
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To encourage this art form to proliferate, the
Government of Kashmir has included papier-mâché as a curriculum subject in schools.
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and
Central Asia. The leader of the craftsmen, Mir Syed Ali Hamdani, was also instrumental in converting the people of Kashmir to
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462:"An art that came from Samarqand in the 15th century, struggles to survive in Kashmir | Free Press Kashmir"
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as it was made as pen holders and a few other personal trinkets. Another term used for the art was
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and overlaid with another layer of material similar to plaster of Paris, locally known as
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during the period from April 2011 to March 2012 under the title "Kashmir Paper Machie".
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534:"Syed Ajaz Shah: Once an award winning Papier-mâché artisan, now an auto driver"
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560:"In Photos: Papier-mâché — The labyrinth of a dying art | Free Press Kashmir"
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The skilled artisans involved with this painstaking process are called
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348:. Controller General of Patents Designs and Trademarks. Archived from
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507:"Finally, dying paper mâché art enters Kashmir school curriculum"
393:"Finally, dying paper mâché art enters Kashmir school curriculum"
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The art object is then dried and given a varnish coat made of
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built in 1444, the ceiling of the Shah Hamdan Mosque and the
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264:"Shopper's World; Kashmir's Heritage: Art of Papier-Mache"
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Arts and Crafts, Jammu and
Kashmir: Land, People, Culture
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Papier Mache: Kashmir losing out on artistic inheritance
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436:"In Photos: Papier-mâché — The labyrinth of a dying art"
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415:
316:"Trying to carry on legacy of papier-mâché in Kashmir"
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343:"State Wise Registration Details Of G.I Applications"
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word for "chewed paper", which is a standard
English
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Controller
General of Patents Designs and Trademarks
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118:and so forth. Internally this art form was called,
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1498:Geographical indications in Jammu and Kashmir
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582:"A rendezvous with a Kashmiri artisan couple"
127:cups, plaques, panels, screens and cabinets.
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632:Bakshi, Shiri Ram (1 January 1997).
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580:B, Mahroosh; ay (31 January 2018).
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460:Din, Inayatullah (17 August 2020).
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262:Crossette, Barbara (11 June 1989).
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162:Kashmir papier-mâché trinket boxes
14:
1514:
314:Mohidin, Rifat (18 August 2015).
40:that was brought by Muslim saint
1282:Bronze and brass ornamental work
657:Saraf, D. N. (1 January 1987).
635:Kashmir: Valley and Its Culture
599:
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558:Nabi, Wasim (6 February 2019).
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532:Nazir, Arif (6 December 2018).
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434:Nabi, Wasim (6 February 2019).
16:Type of handicraft from Kashmir
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391:Ashiq, Peerzada (2 May 2015).
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54:Geographic Indication Act 1999
1:
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25:19th-century pen box made of
1488:Culture of Jammu and Kashmir
638:. Sarup & Sons. p.
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60:, and was registered by the
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29:, with paint and gold leaf.
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1503:15th-century introductions
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95:Papier-mâché art work on
663:. Abhinav Publications.
1417:Painting in Hälsingland
48:in the 14th century to
42:Mir Sayyid Ali Hamadani
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99:
30:
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154:Manufacturing process
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38:handicraft of Kashmir
34:Kashmiri papier-mâché
24:
1437:Pressed flower craft
854:Spinning (textiles)
772:Friendship bracelet
484:, pp. 127–128.
221:) in a solution of
58:Government of India
1493:Indian handicrafts
586:Free Press Kashmir
538:Free Press Kashmir
440:Free Press Kashmir
269:The New York Times
164:
136:Madin Sahib Mosque
100:
97:Madin Sahib Mosque
31:
1470:
1469:
1360:Hardstone carving
1308:Balloon modelling
822:Ribbon embroidery
670:978-81-7017-204-8
649:978-81-85431-97-0
183:known locally as
111:for many years.
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1442:Qing handicrafts
1247:Chemical milling
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1483:Papier-mâché
1400:Glass mosaic
1318:Bone carving
1118:Wood carving
1113:Wood burning
1088:Chip carving
1045:Scrapbooking
1030:Papier-mâché
996:Papercutting
949:Iris folding
937:Photomontage
932:Papier collé
897:Altered book
757:Cross-stitch
659:
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626:Bibliography
625:
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612:, retrieved
607:
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589:. Retrieved
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563:. Retrieved
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541:. Retrieved
537:
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515:. Retrieved
513:. 1 May 2015
510:
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350:the original
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173:muslin cloth
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73:Papier-mâché
71:
33:
32:
27:papier-mâché
18:
1427:Pietra dura
1390:Micromosaic
1323:Doll making
1277:Silversmith
1194:Cameo glass
1151:Earthenware
1123:Woodturning
1035:Pop-up book
1020:Papermaking
907:Calligraphy
902:Bookbinding
832:Rug hooking
802:Needlepoint
782:Lace-making
747:Canvas work
614:22 February
591:22 February
565:4 September
543:22 February
517:22 February
467:4 September
445:22 February
374:Bakshi 1997
321:The Tribune
168:Paper Mache
130:During the
1477:Categories
1462:Wall decal
1385:Miniatures
1303:Assemblage
1171:Terracotta
1146:Bone china
1025:Paper toys
991:Papercraft
917:Cast paper
912:Cardmaking
859:String art
849:Shoemaking
837:Rug making
807:Needlework
762:Embroidery
752:Crocheting
713:handicraft
494:Saraf 1987
482:Saraf 1987
422:Saraf 1987
404:25 January
359:25 January
327:25 January
297:Saraf 1987
275:25 January
246:References
237:Challenges
147:"Hazara".
132:Mughal era
116:palanquins
1457:Taxidermy
1447:Scrimshaw
1422:Pargeting
1348:Grotesque
1328:Dollhouse
1272:Goldsmith
1267:Jewellery
1257:Engraving
1214:Glassware
1199:Chip work
1166:Stoneware
1156:Porcelain
1108:Marquetry
1083:Carpentry
1078:Cabinetry
1055:Wallpaper
981:Embossing
974:Moneygami
927:Decoupage
812:Patchwork
797:Millinery
109:Samarkand
81:loan word
68:Etymology
1412:Ornament
1375:Lapidary
1370:Lath art
1353:Gargoyle
1313:Beadwork
1287:Ironwork
1103:Intarsia
1098:Fretwork
1093:Ébéniste
1073:Bentwood
1050:Stamping
1040:Quilling
986:Marbling
969:Kirigami
959:Kamikiri
864:Tapestry
817:Quilting
777:Knitting
219:sandirus
196:made of
1407:Netsuke
1262:Etching
1242:Andiron
1161:Pottery
1141:Azulejo
1133:Ceramic
1001:Chinese
964:Origami
954:Jianzhi
922:Collage
879:Weaving
874:Tie-dye
869:Tatting
792:Macrame
767:Felting
734:Textile
724:History
211:kahruba
87:History
75:is the
56:of the
1395:Mosaic
1252:Enamel
1219:Mirror
1011:Slavic
1006:Jewish
844:Sewing
827:Carpet
667:
646:
185:kathwa
177:gutchi
77:French
46:Persia
1296:Other
1234:Metal
1186:Glass
944:Decal
889:Paper
787:Lucet
353:(PDF)
346:(PDF)
231:yashm
215:copal
207:amber
199:zarda
189:zamin
105:Islam
44:from
36:is a
1365:Inro
1176:Tile
1065:Wood
711:and
665:ISBN
644:ISBN
616:2019
593:2019
567:2020
545:2019
519:2019
469:2020
447:2019
406:2016
361:2016
329:2016
277:2015
227:jade
142:, a
640:186
213:or
194:dor
1479::
642:.
584:.
536:.
509:.
438:.
414:^
395:.
381:^
318:.
304:^
285:^
266:.
254:^
179:.
701:e
694:t
687:v
673:.
652:.
595:.
569:.
547:.
521:.
471:.
449:.
408:.
363:.
331:.
279:.
229:(
217:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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