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782:. Unlike Hitler, he did not so much inspire antisemitism in them (none of these three were particularly antisemitic), but rather provided one important role model for their generally combative, unrelenting stance towards ideological political opponents, which ultimately proved to be detrimental to the cohesion of the Austrian state. In Vienna, Lueger has a square named after him, at least two statues were erected in his honour, and until April 2012 a section of the
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influence how their menfolk voted, and they also inculcated the party ideology in their children. To maintain his female following, Lueger remained a bachelor and publicly disavowed any private life, claiming that he was too busy because he belonged totally to "my
Viennese". After his death there was a scandal when his long-time mistress,
416:, Franz Joseph refused to confirm Lueger as mayor. The Christian Socials retained a large majority in the council, and reelected Lueger as mayor three more times, only to have Franz Joseph refuse to confirm him each time. He was elected mayor for a fifth time in 1897, and after a personal intercession by
617:
Much of Lueger's popularity stemmed from his appeal to women; his female followers were variously known as "Lueger's
Amazons", "the Lueger Garde" or "Lueger Gretls" and were organised in the Christian Social Women's League. Although women could not vote, he calculated that they could significantly
690:
It soon became apparent that especially in Vienna any political group that wanted to appeal to the artisans had no chance of success without an anti-Semitic platform. It was at that time that a well-known phrase was coined in Vienna: "Anti-Semitism is the socialism of fools." The situation was
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Lueger expressed some scepticism about German nationalism, but as with his antisemitism was quick to exploit the sentiments for his own political purposes. He opposed Austro-Hungarian dualism in favour of federalism and the equality of all the nations making up the empire.
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who asked him, "How can we put things right?" Kandel said that first, Dr.-Karl-Lueger-Ring should be renamed. Kandel was offended that the address of the
University of Vienna is on that street. After yearlong debates, the Ring was renamed to
408:, the Christian Socials won two thirds of the seats, ending the long Liberal rule. The Christian Social supermajority subsequently elected Lueger as mayor. However, during imperial times, mayors had to be confirmed in office by Emperor
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bore his name. It has been very difficult to decide what to do with monuments honouring historical figures whose reputation has been widely called into question as
Europeans (and others) reflect on the historical background to the
816:
For some, the Lueger monuments show that Vienna has neglected its obligations to the victims of the
Holocaust in order to keep its nostalgic appeal as the grand Imperial City. For example, when Austrian-born neurobiologist
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won the Nobel Prize in 2000, he "stuck it to the
Austrians" by saying it was certainly not an Austrian Nobel; it was a Jewish-American Nobel. He was subsequently telephoned by the Austrian president
614:, SPÖ). He remained one of its most effective leaders till his death and developed his party's federation policy as a means of dealing with the monarchy's issues of multiple nationalities.
325:
Lueger played a part in many political spheres, including Vienna City
Council where he eventually became mayor, the federal Austrian parliament, and the state parliament of Lower Austria.
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in 1918. A significant part of the infrastructure and organisations that are responsible for the high standard of living in the contemporary city were created during his terms of office.
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412:. The emperor allegedly loathed Lueger as a person and considered him a dangerous revolutionary. He was also concerned about Lueger's antisemitism. With the support of Prime Minister
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801:, Austria started a full-scale program of de-Nazification on both cultural and topographical levels. Nazified street signs were torn down and their names changed back from Nazi to
691:
exploited by the
Catholic politician Karl Lueger, the leader of Austrian Christian-Social party with a program identical to that of the Berlin party of the same name led by Pastor
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461:, and of numerous institutions of social welfare, most of which strongly relied on debt financing. He incorporated the suburbs, and built parks, gardens, hospitals, and schools.
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622:, published a tell-all memoir including facsimiles of love letters from him; the book provides useful information about his political tactics and how the party was run.
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in 1889. Decades later, Adolf Hitler, an inhabitant of Vienna from 1907 to 1913, saw him as an inspiration for his own views on Jews. Though not an explicit
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and the German
National Party, which was antisemitic. From the late 1880s onwards Lueger was a regular attendee at the influential circles of clerical
467:("handsome Karl") achieved tremendous popularity among the citizens. During his tenure, Vienna ultimately changed its appearance as the capital of a
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from 1897 until his death in 1910. He is credited with the transformation of Vienna into a modern city at the turn of the 20th century, although the
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wrote that "his opponents, including the Jews, readily conceded that he was at heart a decent, chivalrous, generous and tolerant man." According to
386:. He would serve on the council until his death, save for a two-year break from 1876 to 1878. He campaigned against the government of liberal mayor
729:, who grew up in Vienna during Lueger's term of office, recalled that "His city administration was perfectly just and even typically democratic."
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Even more than a century after his death, people who know Karl Lueger's history feel an urge to vandalize his statue. Picture taken in July 2024.
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Other observers contend that Lueger's public racism was in large part a pose to obtain votes, being one of the first who made use of
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heroes. Lueger's monuments present a difficult case because they are genuinely local, yet he was inspirational for the Nazis.
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306:“) advocate. In this position, his role model and mentor was the popular Jewish physician and local politician Ignaz Mandl
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have since been contextualized by descriptions highlighting Lueger's antisemitism and his influence on
National Socialism.
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in April 2012. The monument to Lueger at Dr. Karl Lueger Platz at the Stubenring as well as the memorial plaque at the
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217:(CS), which he founded and led until his death, remain controversial, as they are sometimes viewed as a model for
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695:. In 1887, Lueger raised the banner of anti-Semitism. However, the enthusiastic tribute that Hitler paid him in
313:(Third District), whom he followed into political life. The association ended when Lueger became identified with
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In his incumbency, Lueger is credited with the extension of the public water supply by its second main aquifer (
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594:(Duck Evenings). This working group became the focus for social reform, and they organised the Second Austrian
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Pressure group to transform the Karl Lueger statue into a monument against anti-Semitism and racism in Austria
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He established his own lawyer's office in Vienna in 1874 and soon became known as a "little people's" („
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speaking minorities in Austria-Hungary and in 1887 voted for a bill proposed by his long-time opponent
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competition to be the underlying cause of their precarious situation, and discovered that raising the "
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He was a zealous Catholic and wished to “capture the university” for the Church. He would have neither
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453:), which provides tap water of mineral-water quality to large parts of the city. He also pursued the
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of Austria in 1938 street names carrying Jewish names or the names of pacifists were changed. After
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of gas and electricity works as well as the establishment of a public transport system, introducing
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Plaque contextualizing the monument to Lueger, controversial mayor of Vienna, at the Lueger Platz.
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and created the pun "Judapest", referring to supposed Jewish domination of the Hungarian capital,
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Political Radicalism in Late Imperial Vienna: Origins of the Christian Social Movement, 1848-1897
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494:(also called Dr. Karl Lueger Memorial Church), whose groundbreaking ceremony he had performed.
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Name Change as Symbolic Reparation after Transition: the examples of Germany and South Africa,
590:(Golden Duck, Riemergasse 4) in Vienna's First District, and would refer to their meetings as
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in 1910. He was buried in the crypt of the newly erected St. Charles Borromeo Church at the
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721:. Asked to explain the fact that many of his friends were Jews, Lueger famously replied,
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1169:(ÖBL). Volume 6, Vienna: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1975,
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201:; 24 October 1844 – 10 March 1910) was an Austrian lawyer and politician who served as
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in 1870. While at the university he was a member of the Catholic Student Association (
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His general style of politics later inspired some of the right-wing leaders of the
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Wistrich, Robert S. "Karl Lueger and the Ambiguities of Viennese Antisemitism."
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does not seem justified, for the Jews did not suffer under his administration.
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faith. Moreover, after an 1882 electoral reform had expanded the electorate
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Lueger, Prince Liechtenstein, Vogelsang and Schindler met regularly at the
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developed ideas to overcome social polarisation by several measures of
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Science, American Association for the Advancement of (June 6, 2008).
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in 1889. From this Schindler developed the platform of the fledgling
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The Pity of It All: A Portrait of the German-Jewish Epoch, 1743–1933
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His birthplace is now the western part of the main building of the
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Hof- und Staatshandbuch der Österreichisch-Ungarischen Monarchie
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Hof- und Staatshandbuch der Österreichisch-Ungarischen Monarchie
1462:"Erzherzogthum Österreich unter der Enns: A. Landes-Vertretung"
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in the municipal administration. He secured good treatment for
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1487:"Ritter-Orden: Kaiserlich-Österreichischer Franz Joseph-orden"
309:, known as "God of the Little People" in Lueger's district of
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The Future of Freedom: Illiberal Democracy at Home and Abroad
237:(since 1850 the 4th district of Vienna) to Leopold Lueger of
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Lueger served as mayor of Vienna until his early death from
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and achieved popularity as a campaigner against corruption.
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1769:
Knights Grand Cross of the Order of Isabella the Catholic
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Lueger (2nd from right) with municipal CS leaders in 1905
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Knights Grand Cross of the Order of St Gregory the Great
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He planned to make Vienna one of the most beautiful of
420:, his election was finally sanctioned later that year.
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where Lueger's father worked as an usher at the Vienna
1774:
Commanders Grand Cross of the Order of the Polar Star
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Members of the Austrian House of Deputies (1907–1911)
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Members of the Austrian House of Deputies (1901–1907)
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Members of the Austrian House of Deputies (1897–1900)
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Members of the Austrian House of Deputies (1891–1897)
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Members of the Austrian House of Deputies (1885–1891)
233:Karl Lueger came from a modest background, born at
1759:Recipients of the Order of the Medjidie, 1st class
855:He received the following orders and decorations:
634:rhetoric and referred to himself as an admirer of
502:Lueger's early political life was associated with
378:In 1875, he was elected to Vienna's City Council (
1764:Grand Crosses of the Order of the Crown (Romania)
1311:
1167:Österreichisches Biographisches Lexikon 1815–1950
393:In 1888 he brought together the German National (
1779:Honorary commanders of the Royal Victorian Order
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1563:Connolly, P. J. "Karl Lueger: Mayor of Vienna."
1429:(5881): 1269 – via science.sciencemag.org.
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267:He nevertheless was able to attend the renowned
1612:Karl Lueger And The Twilight Of Imperial Vienna
522:Franz Martin Schindler. In view of the rising
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289:Katholische akademische Verbindung Norica Wien
1560:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1981.
1694:Christian Social Party (Austria) politicians
1363:
1233:Hitler's Vienna: A Dictator's Apprenticeship
497:
557:In 1885 he was elected to the lower house (
1744:Grand Crosses of the Order of Franz Joseph
1582:Fin-de-siècle Vienna: Politics and Culture
1575:Karl Lueger: Mayor of Fin de Siècle Vienna
1294:. University of Pennsylvania Press, 2003.
1209:Karl Lueger: Mayor of Fin de Siècle Vienna
29:
1211:, Detroit: Wayne State University, 1990,
1191:"Karl Lueger | Austrian politician"
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837:Lueger was the subject of a 1943 biopic
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404:After the 1895 elections for the Vienna
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1605:Photo of monument Dr. Karl Lueger Platz
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1110:Commander Grand Cross of the Polar Star
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778:, who led the Austrian society towards
561:) of the Austrian Imperial Parliament (
347:Historical Museum of the City of Vienna
1789:Burials at the Vienna Central Cemetery
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1252:
612:Sozialdemokratische Partei Österreichs
1235:, New York: Oxford University, 1999,
732:
475:era—a heritage that remained even in
196:
1577:(Wayne State University Press, 1990)
1514:"Real Orden de Isabel la Católica".
1315:The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich
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1083:Grand Cross of Isabella the Catholic
949:Grand Cross of St. Gregory the Great
666:Jews. He also overtly supported the
1028:Grand Cross of the Crown of Romania
812:Lueger memorial plaque at TU Vienna
526:, the participants on the basis of
320:
291:, K.A.V. Norica Wien), part of the
72: – 10 March 1910
13:
1749:Commanders of the Legion of Honour
1565:Studies: An Irish Quarterly Review
1550:
1443:. Tiroler Tageszeitung. 2012-04-19
554:" earned him enormous popularity.
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658:to restrict the immigration of
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546:tradespersons, who assumed the
254:Vienna University of Technology
215:Austrian Christian Social Party
16:Austrian politician (1844–1910)
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992:Order of the Lion and the Sun
273:Theresianische Ritterakademie
248:Plaque at Lueger's birthplace
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1684:Lawyers from Austria-Hungary
1372:University of Nebraska Press
1292:The History of Anti-Semitism
1127:: Honorary Commander of the
843:, in which he was played by
684:The History of Anti-Semitism
640:Antisemitic League of France
7:
1156:, Norton, 2003, 2007, p. 60
534:legislation and the common
329:Viennese municipal politics
35:Photograph of Karl Lueger,
10:
1805:
1399:9 German Law Journal, 2008
1312:William L. Shirer (1990).
1219:, pp. 209–11, 220–21.
894:Merit Order of St. Michael
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518:of Liechtenstein, and the
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955:Pro Ecclesia et Pontifice
741:
725:" Viennese Jewish writer
723:'I decide who is a Jew.'
630:Lueger was known for his
498:Christian Social movement
479:after the dissolution of
337:Karl Lueger at a ball in
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1739:Anti-Hungarian sentiment
1689:Austrian Roman Catholics
1591:45.3/4 (1983): 251-262.
1318:. Simon & Schuster.
1045:Knight of St. Stanislaus
604:Christlichsoziale Partei
528:Catholic social teaching
1784:Diabetes-related deaths
1734:Jewish Austrian history
1729:Antisemitism in Austria
1543:, issue 11558, p. 1038.
1195:Encyclopedia Britannica
1012:, 1st Class in Diamonds
1010:Knight of the Red Eagle
909:: Grand Officer of the
764:First Austrian Republic
588:Hotel Zur goldenen Ente
1517:Guía Oficial de España
1367:The World of Yesterday
1253:Hitler, Adolf (2009).
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766:in 1918–1933, such as
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600:Christian Social Party
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451:Hochquellwasserleitung
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241:and his wife Juliane.
239:Neustadtl an der Donau
168:Christian Social Party
64:8 April 1897
1589:Jewish Social Studies
1540:The Edinburgh Gazette
1364:Stefan Zweig (1964).
1259:. : Elite Minds Inc.
1129:Royal Victorian Order
1065:, 1st Class with Star
1047:, 2nd Class with Star
994:, 2nd Class with Star
975:Order of the Medjidie
892:: Grand Cross of the
873:Order of Franz Joseph
871:: Grand Cross of the
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135:(current-day Austria)
542:, Lueger focused on
414:Kasimir Felix Badeni
281:University of Vienna
1679:Lawyers from Vienna
1468:, 1910, p. 448
1061:: Commander of the
929:: Commander of the
656:Georg von Schönerer
646:, Lueger advocated
510:politicians around
508:social conservative
504:Georg von Schönerer
399:Vereinigte Christen
317:. He died in 1910.
1674:People from Wieden
1580:Schorske, Carl E.
1573:Geehr, Richard S.
1404:2011-06-03 at the
1335:2011-01-01 at the
1207:Richard S. Geehr,
1024:Kingdom of Romania
1006:Kingdom of Prussia
890:Kingdom of Bavaria
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772:Engelbert Dollfuss
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638:, who founded the
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459:streetcars (trams)
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198:[ˈlu̯eːɡɐ]
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1645:Succeeded by
1567:(1915): 226-249.
1381:978-0-8032-5224-0
1325:978-0-671-72868-7
1266:978-0-9774760-9-1
1152:Fareed Zacharia,
1059:Kingdom of Saxony
953:Cross of Honour "
711:William L. Shirer
668:völkisch movement
488:diabetes mellitus
361:Universitäts-Ring
271:boarding school (
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146:(1910-03-10)
97:Succeeded by
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1669:1910 deaths
1664:1844 births
1395:Mia Swart.
977:, 1st Class
913:, with Star
840:Vienna 1910
819:Eric Kandel
791:. With the
632:antisemitic
473:World War I
471:of the pre-
469:great power
429:Pan-Germans
406:Gemeinderat
380:Gemeinderat
357:Burgtheater
269:Theresianum
262:Polytechnic
211:antisemitic
190:Karl Lueger
85:Preceded by
40: 1897
23:Karl Lueger
1658:Categories
1642:1897–1910
1500:14 January
1472:14 January
1447:2012-04-12
1256:Mein Kampf
1140:References
784:Ringstraße
698:Mein Kampf
520:theologian
477:Red Vienna
365:Ringstraße
311:Landstraße
258:Karlsplatz
174:Profession
121:1844-10-24
76:1910-03-10
68:1897-04-08
1348:Amos Elon
1275:444495428
794:Anschluss
789:Holocaust
719:gemütlich
715:Amos Elon
682:wrote in
564:Reichsrat
341:1904, by
285:doctorate
60:In office
1607:, Vienna
1402:Archived
1333:Archived
1177:, p. 47.
943:Holy See
803:Habsburg
707:populism
676:Budapest
664:Romanian
540:suffrage
536:Catholic
207:populist
1524:23 June
1423:Science
1302:. p. 24
907:Belgium
851:Honours
832:TU Wien
693:Stoeker
660:Russian
573:Landtag
384:liberal
279:at the
194:German:
74: (
66: (
1593:online
1584:(1979)
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742:Legacy
652:German
648:racist
548:Jewish
295:(ÖCV)
235:Wieden
223:Nazism
178:Lawyer
151:Vienna
128:Wieden
1078:Spain
437:Czech
1526:2020
1502:2021
1474:2021
1376:ISBN
1320:ISBN
1296:ISBN
1271:OCLC
1261:ISBN
1237:ISBN
1213:ISBN
1171:ISBN
877:1907
774:and
662:and
433:Jews
431:nor
427:nor
209:and
141:Died
115:Born
1495:127
1427:320
670:of
575:).
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359:on
277:law
256:at
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