217:
The putsch was planned on 7 November in a hasty decision in
Kriebel's apartment. Not all members were notified. For the purpose of communicating, the party used two pieces of paper; one colored red meaning "the real thing" and the other white signifying a practice run. They chose to pass the white
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or state commissioner, with dictatorial powers to govern the state. In addition to von Kahr, Bavarian state police chief
Colonel Hans Ritter von Seisser and Reichswehr General Otto von Lossow formed a ruling triumvirate. Hitler announced that he would hold 14 mass meetings beginning on 27 September
108:(DAP) had changed its name to the National Socialist German Workers' Party (NSDAP). It had grown from a fringe sect to Bavaria's most powerful political force of 70,000 members. By 1923, the SA was the Nazi Party's private army with about 15,000 members. A subgroup of the NSDAP was the
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government. Hitler came to the realization that Kahr sought to control him and was not ready to act against the government in Berlin. Hitler wanted to seize a critical moment for successful popular agitation and support.
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1923. Afraid of the potential disruption, one of Kahr's first actions was to ban the announced meetings. Hitler was under pressure to act. The Nazis, with other leaders in the
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felt they had to march upon Berlin and seize power or their followers would turn to the
Communists. Meanwhile, on 5 October 1923 Kahr closed the Nazi paper
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On 26 September 1923, following a period of turmoil and political violence, Bavarian Prime
Minister Eugen von Knilling declared a state of emergency and
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209:, from 22 to 29 October 1922. Hitler and his associates planned to use Munich as a base for a march against Germany's
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150:(Imperial War Flag Society) was another private army which had many war veterans, as well. The official leader was
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25:("Battle-league") was a league of nationalist fighting societies and the German National Socialist Party in
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and the central government. The impetus for this consolidation was the declaration a few days earlier by
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were in Munich. On 8 November 1923, the putsch went forward, but failed.
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285:, trans. Ralph Manheim, Houghton Mifflin Co., Boston, 1944, p. 175.
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tag out. At the time of the putsch, only 2000 members of the
68:, where Hitler joined other nationalist leaders to celebrate
114:, a personal bodyguard unit for Hitler under the command of
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for ten days. Kahr also announced a surprise speech at the
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The
Oberland League was a paramilitary organization led by
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announcing the end to the resistance against the French
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Munich 1923: The Story of Hitler's First Grab for Power
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339:
449:
The Hitler Trial Before the People's Court in Munich
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410:The Waffen-SS: Organization, Ideology and Function
470:Paramilitary organisations of the Weimar Republic
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64:The league was created on 1–2 September 1923 at
118:. Another group was the Party's youth group
444:. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
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33:, in the 1920s. It included Adolf Hitler's
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53:. Hitler was its political leader, while
16:1920s league of German nationalist groups
390:. New York: W. W. Norton & Company.
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295:Zelnhefer, Siegfried (28 August 2006).
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72:, which marked the anniversary of the
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96:of November 1923 in Munich, Germany.
74:Prussian victory over France in 1870
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447:Gordon, Harold J., Jr. (1976).
442:Hitler and the Beer Hall Putsch
440:Gordon, Harold J., Jr. (1972).
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437:. New York: Harper & Row.
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82:the Berlin central government
465:Adolf Hitler's rise to power
301:Historisches Lexikon Bayerns
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297:"Deutscher Kampfbund, 1923"
201:The putsch was inspired by
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486:
165:
260:
433:Dornberg, John (1982).
158:was really in control.
147:Bund Reichskriegsflagge
50:Bund Reichskriegsflagge
178:
121:Jungsturm Adolf Hitler
86:occupation of the Ruhr
386:Kershaw, Ian (2008).
192:Völkischer Beobachter
106:German Workers' Party
226:SA units and leaders
388:Hitler: A Biography
372:, pp. 125–127.
336:, pp. 125–126.
100:Member affiliations
104:By this time, the
397:978-0-393-06757-6
196:Bürgerbräu Keller
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203:Benito Mussolini
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168:Beer Hall Putsch
116:Joseph Berchtold
111:Stoßtrupp-Hitler
94:Beer Hall Putsch
37:(NSDAP) and its
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254:Friedrich Mayer
245:3rd Battalion (
238:2nd Battalion (
231:1st Battalion (
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211:Weimar Republic
179:Staatskommissar
174:Gustav von Kahr
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162:Putsch planning
133:Friedrich Weber
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55:Hermann Kriebel
45:Oberland League
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252:10th Company (
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205:'s successful
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166:Main article:
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406:Wegner, Bernd
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283:Konrad Heiden
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240:Edmund Heines
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305:. Retrieved
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273:Proposed by
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322:Wegner 1990
303:(in German)
279:Der Fuehrer
247:Hans Knauth
233:Karl Beggel
459:Categories
380:References
275:Ernst Röhm
188:Kampfbund,
156:Ernst Röhm
126:Adolf Lenk
43:(SA), the
35:Nazi Party
307:1 October
220:Kampfbund
138:Freikorps
90:Kampfbund
66:Nuremberg
22:Kampfbund
408:(1990).
70:Sedantag
57:led its
47:and the
124:led by
78:Bavaria
59:militia
31:Germany
27:Bavaria
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277:; see
141:unit.
261:Notes
414:ISBN
392:ISBN
309:2023
154:but
144:The
19:The
281:by
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