30:
65:
220:
190:(SA) soon evolved. In early 1923, Hitler ordered a separate small bodyguard unit formed. It was dedicated to his service rather than "a suspect mass" of the party, such as the SA. Originally, the unit was composed of only eight men, commanded by Julius Schreck and Joseph Berchtold. It was designated the
567:
Elke Fröhlich: Die
Herausforderung des Einzelnen. Geschichten über Widerstand und Verfolgung. In: Martin Broszat, Elke Fröhlich (Hrsg.): Bayern in der NS-Zeit. 6. Oldenbourg, Munich, Vienna 1983,
752:
747:
176:
In the earliest days of the Nazi Party, the leadership realized that a bodyguard unit composed of zealous and reliable men was needed.
742:
732:
596:
Reinhard Weber: Das
Schicksal der jüdischen Rechtsanwälte in Bayern nach 1933, pp. 128–129, Oldenbourg Wissenschaft Verlag, 2006.
533:
Helge Dvorak: Biographisches
Lexikon der Deutschen Burschenschaft. Vol I Politiker, Teilband 3: I–L. Winter, Heidelberg 1999,
650:
330:
231:–Hitler. The unit numbered no more than 20 members at that time. All were considered Hitler-loyalists. According to the
691:
669:
713:
631:
572:
555:
538:
550:
Andreas Schulz / Dieter Zinke: Die
Generale der Waffen-SS und der Polizei. Vol. 3. Biblio-Verlag, Bissendorf 2008,
476:
29:
295:
232:
362:
757:
247:. In the aftermath, Hitler was imprisoned and his party and all associated formations, including the
357:
737:
335:
208:(i.e. skull) as the unit's insignia, a symbol various elite forces had used throughout the
8:
239:, along with the SA and several other Nazi paramilitary units, took part in the abortive
340:
320:
136:("Shock-Troop-Hitler") was a small, short-lived bodyguard unit set up specifically for
709:
687:
665:
646:
627:
568:
551:
534:
270:
240:
149:
118:
97:
587:: Mordsache Röhm. Hitlers Durchbruch zur totalen Macht, Reinbek bei Hamburg 1984.
315:
325:
265:
223:
The defendants in the trial against 40 members of the "Stoßtrupp Adolf Hitler".
186:
145:
114:
605:
584:
726:
352:
310:
280:
213:
157:
177:
701:
679:
300:
290:
275:
165:
153:
137:
87:
305:
285:
260:
161:
141:
662:
Hitler's
Stormtroopers and the Attack on the German Republic, 1919-1933
202:
was still under overall SA control. Schreck resurrected the use of the
69:
204:
235:, the unit later had around 100 members. On 9 November 1923, the
209:
244:
219:
517:
515:
513:
511:
509:
507:
505:
503:
501:
499:
497:
494:
458:
404:
448:
446:
421:
419:
392:
380:
482:
706:The Waffen-SS: Organization, Ideology and Function
443:
431:
416:
753:Military units and formations established in 1923
198:were issued unique badges, but at this point the
724:
608:: Der Orden unter dem Totenkopf, 1967, p. 83.
659:
621:
398:
386:
218:
37:men embark for a rally in September 1923
725:
700:
488:
748:Nazi Party paramilitary organizations
678:
640:
521:
464:
452:
437:
425:
410:
13:
254:
227:In May 1923, the unit was renamed
180:formed a guard formation from the
140:in 1923. Notable members included
14:
769:
63:
28:
615:
599:
590:
578:
561:
544:
527:
733:1923 establishments in Germany
470:
1:
368:
233:Historical Lexicon of Bavaria
743:Adolf Hitler's rise to power
373:
171:
7:
346:
10:
774:
184:; from this formation the
686:. London: Little, Brown.
622:Flaherty, T. H. (2004) .
108:
103:
93:
83:
75:
58:
50:
42:
27:
20:
664:. McFarland Publishing.
626:. Time-Life Books, Inc.
363:Adolf Hitler's bodyguard
182:19.Granatwerfer-Kompanie
660:Mitchell, Otis (2008).
624:The Third Reich: The SS
477:Stoßtrupp Hitler, 1923
224:
212:kingdom and the later
684:The SS: A New History
641:McNab, Chris (2009).
358:Führerbegleitkommando
222:
645:. Amber Books Ltd.
194:(staff guard). The
524:, pp. 10, 11.
467:, pp. 10, 16.
413:, pp. 14, 16.
251:, were disbanded.
225:
652:978-1-906626-49-5
643:The SS: 1923–1945
336:Philipp Kitzinger
134:Stosstrupp-Hitler
124:
123:
765:
758:Beer Hall Putsch
719:
697:
675:
656:
637:
609:
603:
597:
594:
588:
582:
576:
565:
559:
548:
542:
531:
525:
519:
492:
486:
480:
474:
468:
462:
456:
450:
441:
435:
429:
423:
414:
408:
402:
396:
390:
384:
271:Joseph Berchtold
241:Beer Hall Putsch
150:Joseph Berchtold
130:Stoßtrupp-Hitler
119:Joseph Berchtold
98:Beer Hall Putsch
68:
67:
66:
32:
22:Stoßtrupp-Hitler
18:
17:
773:
772:
768:
767:
766:
764:
763:
762:
723:
722:
716:
694:
672:
653:
634:
618:
613:
612:
604:
600:
595:
591:
583:
579:
566:
562:
549:
545:
532:
528:
520:
495:
487:
483:
475:
471:
463:
459:
451:
444:
436:
432:
424:
417:
409:
405:
397:
393:
385:
381:
376:
371:
349:
341:Alois Rosenwink
331:Hans Kallenbach
321:Wilhelm Laforce
296:Christian Weber
257:
255:Notable members
174:
127:
117:
110:
64:
62:
38:
12:
11:
5:
771:
761:
760:
755:
750:
745:
740:
735:
721:
720:
714:
698:
693:978-1408703045
692:
676:
671:978-0786477296
670:
657:
651:
638:
632:
617:
614:
611:
610:
598:
589:
577:
560:
543:
526:
493:
481:
469:
457:
442:
430:
415:
403:
391:
378:
377:
375:
372:
370:
367:
366:
365:
360:
355:
348:
345:
344:
343:
338:
333:
328:
323:
318:
313:
308:
303:
298:
293:
288:
283:
278:
273:
268:
266:Julius Schreck
263:
256:
253:
187:Sturmabteilung
173:
170:
146:Julius Schreck
125:
122:
121:
115:Julius Schreck
112:
106:
105:
101:
100:
95:
91:
90:
85:
81:
80:
77:
73:
72:
60:
56:
55:
52:
48:
47:
44:
40:
39:
33:
25:
24:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
770:
759:
756:
754:
751:
749:
746:
744:
741:
739:
736:
734:
731:
730:
728:
717:
715:0-631-14073-5
711:
708:. Blackwell.
707:
703:
702:Wegner, Bernd
699:
695:
689:
685:
681:
680:Weale, Adrian
677:
673:
667:
663:
658:
654:
648:
644:
639:
635:
633:1-84447-073-3
629:
625:
620:
619:
607:
602:
593:
586:
581:
575:, pp. 76–114.
574:
573:3-486-42411-4
570:
564:
557:
556:3-7648-2375-5
553:
547:
540:
539:3-8253-0865-0
536:
530:
523:
518:
516:
514:
512:
510:
508:
506:
504:
502:
500:
498:
491:, p. 62.
490:
485:
479:, Paul Hoser.
478:
473:
466:
461:
455:, p. 16.
454:
449:
447:
440:, p. 14.
439:
434:
428:, p. 16.
427:
422:
420:
412:
407:
401:, p. 55.
400:
399:Mitchell 2008
395:
389:, p. 20.
388:
387:Flaherty 2004
383:
379:
364:
361:
359:
356:
354:
353:Schutzstaffel
351:
350:
342:
339:
337:
334:
332:
329:
327:
324:
322:
319:
317:
314:
312:
311:Hermann Fobke
309:
307:
304:
302:
299:
297:
294:
292:
289:
287:
284:
282:
281:Erhard Heiden
279:
277:
274:
272:
269:
267:
264:
262:
259:
258:
252:
250:
246:
242:
238:
234:
230:
221:
217:
215:
214:German Empire
211:
207:
206:
201:
197:
193:
189:
188:
183:
179:
169:
167:
163:
159:
158:Erhard Heiden
155:
151:
147:
143:
139:
135:
131:
126:Military unit
120:
116:
113:
107:
102:
99:
96:
92:
89:
86:
82:
78:
74:
71:
61:
57:
53:
49:
45:
41:
36:
31:
26:
23:
19:
16:
738:Adolf Hitler
705:
683:
661:
642:
623:
616:Bibliography
601:
592:
580:
563:
546:
529:
484:
472:
460:
433:
406:
394:
382:
316:Karl Laforce
301:Karl Fiehler
291:Bruno Gesche
276:Emil Maurice
248:
236:
228:
226:
203:
199:
195:
191:
185:
181:
175:
166:Bruno Gesche
154:Emil Maurice
138:Adolf Hitler
133:
129:
128:
88:Adolf Hitler
34:
21:
15:
606:Heinz Höhne
585:Heinz Höhne
489:Wegner 1990
326:Josef Gerum
306:Walter Buch
286:Ulrich Graf
261:Rudolf Hess
162:Ulrich Graf
142:Rudolf Hess
94:Engagements
727:Categories
522:McNab 2009
465:McNab 2009
453:McNab 2009
438:McNab 2009
426:Weale 2010
411:McNab 2009
369:References
200:Stabswache
196:Stabswache
192:Stabswache
178:Ernst Röhm
111:commanders
104:Commanders
79:Bodyguards
70:Nazi Party
59:Allegiance
558:, p. 354.
541:, p. 218.
374:Citations
249:Stoßtrupp
237:Stoßtrupp
229:Stoßtrupp
205:Totenkopf
172:Formation
35:Stoßtrupp
704:(1990).
682:(2010).
347:See also
210:Prussian
109:Notable
54:Germany
51:Country
712:
690:
668:
649:
630:
571:
554:
537:
245:Munich
164:, and
84:Patron
43:Active
710:ISBN
688:ISBN
666:ISBN
647:ISBN
628:ISBN
569:ISBN
552:ISBN
535:ISBN
76:Role
46:1923
243:in
132:or
729::
496:^
445:^
418:^
216:.
168:.
160:,
156:,
152:,
148:,
144:,
718:.
696:.
674:.
655:.
636:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
