1113:
Youth, as their members constituted the "social, political, and military resiliency of the Third Reich" and were part of "the incubator that maintained the political system by replenishing the ranks of the dominant party and preventing the growth of mass opposition." Rempel also reports that a large percentage of the boys who served in the HJ slowly came to the realization that "they had worked and slaved for a criminal cause", which they carried for a lifetime. Some of them recalled a "loss of freedom" and claimed that their time in the HJ "had robbed them of a normal childhood." Historian
Michael Kater relates how many who once served in the HJ were silent until older age when they became grandparents. While they were eventually able to look back at their place in "a dictatorship which oppressed, maimed, and killed millions", he maintains that an honest appraisal should lead them to conclude that their past contributions to the regime had "damaged their own souls."
898:
841:
601:
805:
685:
1050:
858:(which was banned in 1935), including camping and hiking. However, over time it changed in content and intention. For example, many activities closely resembled military training, with weapons familiarization, assault course circuits, and basic fighting tactics. The aim was to turn the HJ into motivated soldiers. There was greater emphasis on physical ability and military training than on academic study. More than just a way to keep the German nation healthy, sports became a means of indoctrinating and training its youth for combat; this was in keeping with tenets outlined in Hitler's notorious work,
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321:
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70:
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Their training also aimed to remove social and intellectual distinctions between classes, to be replaced and dominated by the political goals of Hitler's totalitarian dictatorship. Sacrifice for the Nazi cause was instilled into their training. As historian
Richard Evans observes, "The songs they sang were Nazi songs. The books they read were Nazi books." Former Hitler Youth Franz Jagemann said that the notion "Germany must live" even if the members of the HJ had to die, was "hammered" into them.
1218:
1678:
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58:
700:
640:—which made it impossible to be admitted to university. A number of employers refused to offer apprenticeships to anyone who was not a member of the Hitler Youth. By 1936, the Hitler Youth had a monopoly on all youth sports facilities in Germany, effectively locking out non-members. Hitler spoke of the regime's ability to make Nazis out of these German youth, exclaiming in 1938:
988:. Over 20,000 German youths participated in the attempt to repulse the D-Day invasion; while they knocked out 28 Canadian tanks during their first effort, they ultimately lost 3,000 lives before the Normandy assault was complete. During the following months, the division earned a reputation for ferocity and fanaticism. When Witt was killed by Allied naval gunfire, SS-
465:. They were created for various purposes. Some were religious and others were ideological, but the more prominent ones were formed for political reasons, like the Young Conservatives and the Young Protestants. Once Hitler came onto the revolutionary scene, the transition from seemingly innocuous youth movements to political entities focused on Hitler was swift.
722:, where members from all over Germany would converge for the annual Nazi Party rally. Since the HJ and BDM were considered fully Aryan organizations by Nazi officials, premarital sex was encouraged in their ranks. This did not conform to the general beliefs of the Nazi Party, which viewed premarital sex as undesirable and a potential public health hazard.
632:(Youth Service Duty), which conscripted all German youths into the Hitler Youth—even if the parents objected. Parents who refused to allow their children to join were subject to investigation by the authorities. From then on, the vast majority of Germany's teenagers belonged to the Hitler Youth. By 1940, it had eight million members.
873:
succeed through sport. From being a simple source of amusement and recreation, it became a means to an end, a weapon in the hands of the All
Highest. It became nationalistic. The ideal of sport for sport's sake became an object of ridicule. The real preoccupation of those who directed athletics became the mass production of
597:(Evangelical Youth), a Lutheran youth organisation of 600,000 members, was integrated on 18 February 1934. In December 1936, a law declared the Hitler Youth to be the only legally permitted youth organisation in Germany, and stated that "all of the German youth in the Reich is organised within the Hitler Youth".
1069:, its adult leadership was considered tainted for corrupting the minds of young Germans. Many adult leaders of the Hitler Youth were put on trial by Allied authorities, and Baldur von Schirach was sentenced to 20 years in prison. However, he was convicted of crimes against humanity for his actions as
635:
Even before membership was made mandatory in 1939, German youth faced strong pressure to join. Students who held out were frequently assigned essays with titles such as "Why am I not in the Hitler Youth?" They were also the subject of frequent taunts from teachers and fellow students, and could even
836:
and societal decline. The Hitler Youth were used to break up church youth groups, spy on religious classes and Bible studies, and interfere with church attendance. Education and training programs for the Hitler Youth were designed to undermine the values of traditional structures of German society.
1112:
political figures who had been members, since many had little choice in the matter. These German post-war leaders were nonetheless once part of an important institutional element of Nazi
Germany. Historian Gerhard Rempel opined that Nazi Germany itself was impossible to conceive without the Hitler
644:
These boys and girls enter our organizations with their ten years of age, and often for the first time get a little fresh air; after four years of the Young Folk they go on to the Hitler Youth, where we have them for another four years...And even if they are still not complete
National Socialists,
872:
The dictators have discovered sport. This was inevitable. Middle-aged and older persons have their roots in the ground, have affiliations with former régimes. The hope of the dictators, therefore, was to win over youth to the new conception of life, the new system. They found that they could best
2341:
or any elevated rank within the HJ structure itself would not merit a salute by a German military officer in any circumstance since they were part of a "paramilitary" organization until recruited. Only once the indoctrinated youth entered actual military service would they have an opportunity to
2336:
These ranks apply only within the Hitler Youth itself and would not be equivalent in real-world military terms. For instance, there were no Hitler Youth leaders negotiating with
English field marshals or American general officers for terms of surrender. Hitler Youth members bearing the rank of
649:
Over time, a number of boys dropped out due to the regimented nature of the organization. Some of these boys later rejoined after they learned that they could not get a job or enter university without being a member. There were a few members of the Hitler Youth who privately disagreed with Nazi
1174:
on a black background, which symbolised "victory". Another flag used was a red–white–red striped flag with a black swastika in the middle, inside a white shaped diamond. Full members would also receive a knife upon enrollment, with the motto "Blut und Ehre" (Blood and Honour) engraved upon it.
359:("Hitler Youth, League of German Worker Youth") in July 1926. From 1936 until 1945, it was the sole official boys' youth organisation in Germany and it was partially a paramilitary organisation. It was composed of the Hitler Youth proper for male youths aged 14 to 18, and the
942:
In 1942 Hitler decreed the establishment of "Hitler Youth defence training camps", led by
Wehrmacht officers. Nazi leaders began turning the Hitler Youth into a military reserve to replace manpower which had been depleted due to tremendous military losses. The idea for a
563:
In 1923, the youth organisation of the Nazi Party had a little over 1,200 members. In 1925, when the Nazi Party was refounded, the membership grew to over 5,000. Five years later, national membership stood at 26,000. By the end of 1932, it was at 107,956. In April 1932,
926:
of the Hitler Youth on 8 August 1940. Axmann began to reform the group into an auxiliary force which could perform war duties. The Hitler Youth became active in German fire brigades and assisted with recovery efforts to German cities affected by Allied
712:
The Hitler Youth was organised into corps under adult leaders, and the general membership of the HJ consisted of boys aged 14 to 18. The Hitler Youth was organised into local cells on a community level. Such cells had weekly meetings at which various
590:
When the Nazis came to power in 1933, the membership of Hitler Youth organisations increased dramatically to 2,300,000 members by the end of that year. Much of this increase came from the forcible takeover of other youth organisations. The sizeable
885:, who toured HJ meetings and lectured on "German soldiering", all the while he pressured Schirach to turn the HJ into a "junior army". During 1938, some 1.5 million HJ members were trained to shoot rifles. Starting in early 1939, the
725:
The Hitler Youth maintained training academies comparable to preparatory schools, which were designed to nurture future Nazi Party leaders. The Hitler Youth also maintained several corps designed to develop future officers for the
1092:
3,000, or US$ 8,300), about half the value of his property in Berlin. The court found him guilty of indoctrinating German youth with
National Socialism until the end of the war, but concluded that he was not guilty of war crimes.
1032:, ordered Axmann to disband the Hitler Youth combat formations, in the confusion this order was never carried out. The remnants of the youth brigade took heavy casualties from the advancing Russian forces. Only two survived.
730:(Armed Forces). The corps offered specialised foundational training for each of the specific arms for which the member was ultimately destined. The Marine Hitler Youth (Marine-HJ), for example, served as an auxiliary to the
1116:
Once Nazi
Germany was defeated by the Allied Powers, the Hitler Youth—like all NSDAP organisations—was officially abolished by the Allied Control Council on 10 October 1945 and later banned by the German Criminal Code.
452:
One reason the Hitler Youth (HJ) so easily developed was that regimented organisations, often focused on politics, for young people and particularly adolescent boys were a familiar concept to German society in the
717:
were taught by adult leaders. Regional leaders typically organised rallies and field exercises in which several dozen Hitler Youth cells would participate. The largest gathering usually took place annually at
322:
1079:
had been serving as the functioning leader of the Hitler Youth from 1940 onward. Axmann only received a 39-month prison sentence in May 1949, but he was not found guilty of war crimes. Later, in 1958, a
6046:
744:(German Worker Youth – HY). This organisation within the Hitler Youth was a training ground for future labour leaders and technicians. Its symbol was a rising sun with a swastika. A program entitled
6721:
1065:
process. Some Hitler Youth members were suspected of war crimes but, because they were children, no serious efforts were made to prosecute these claims. While the Hitler Youth was never declared a
2276:
On 17 May 1938, Schirach said, "The real, great educational act for a people lies in ingraining in youth blind obedience, unshakeable loyalty, unconditional comradeship and absolute reliability."
6222:
645:
they go to Labor
Service and are smoothed out there for another six, seven months...And whatever class consciousness or social status might still be left...the Wehrmacht will take care of that.
2325:
340:
472:(in November 1923), Nazi youth groups ostensibly disbanded, but many elements simply went underground, operating clandestinely in small units under assumed names. In April 1924, the
4901:
6679:
6462:
958:
in early 1943. The plan for a combat division made up of Hitler Youth members born in 1926 was passed on to Hitler for his approval. Hitler approved the plan in February and
1739:
1547:
5041:
1028:, Axmann's Hitler Youth formed a major part of the last line of German defence, and they were reportedly among the fiercest fighters. Although the city commander, General
1590:
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3975:
Mühlhäuser, Regina (2014). "A Question of Honor: Some Remarks on the Sexual Habits of German Soldiers during World War II". In Wolfgang Bialas; Lothar Fritze (eds.).
398:, the Hitler Youth is an "unconstitutional organisation" and the distribution or public use of its symbols, except for educational or research purposes, is illegal.
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1625:
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began supervising HJ shooting activities and military field exercises. Upwards of 51,500 boys had earned their HJ Marksmanship Medal before the year's end.
828:
and they were indoctrinated in Nazi ideology, including racism. The boys were indoctrinated with the myths of Aryan racial superiority and to view Jews and
1468:
1358:
496:(Hitler Youth League of German Worker Youth). This event took place a year after the Nazi Party was reorganised. The architect of the re-organisation was
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6326:
5278:
2326:
https://www.bundestag.de/blob/195550/4db1151061f691ac9a8be2d9b60210ac/das_strafbare_verwenden_von_kennzeichen_verfassungswidriger_organisationen-data.pdf
1144:(Reich Youth Leader) was the highest rank of the Hitler Youth and was held by the Nazi Party official in command of the entire organization. The rank of
1402:
1035:
In 1945, there were various incidents of Hitler Youth members shooting prisoners, participating in executions, and committing other wartime atrocities.
6831:
671:
Despite rare instances of disaffection, overall, the Hitler Youth constituted the single most successful of all the mass movements in the Third Reich.
1323:
6710:
4024:
750:(Country Service Camp) was designed to teach specifically chosen girls of the BDM high moral character standards within a rural educational setting.
7323:
6954:
6876:
165:
1503:
575:, lifted the ban as a way of appeasing Hitler, the rapidly ascending political star. A further significant expansion drive started in 1933, after
6997:
6912:
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6947:
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5954:
7313:
6825:
6774:
6435:
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517:—Gruber prevailed and his "Greater German Youth Movement" became the Nazi Party's official youth organisation. In July 1926, it was renamed
5031:
571:
banned the Hitler Youth movement in an attempt to stop widespread political violence. However, in June, Brüning's successor as Chancellor,
6408:
6272:
6247:
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1616:
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6440:
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6036:
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1581:
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551:(BDM). On 30 October 1931, the HJ officially became part of the SA through a decree issue by Hitler, under the notional command of
7328:
7293:
6917:
6452:
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4238:
4226:
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17:
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which depicts how Scholl was able to resist Nazi Germany's ideology while being a member of the Nazi Party's youth movement.
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years. Since membership was compulsory after 1936, it was neither surprising nor uncommon that many senior leaders of both
974:
868:
an article discussing the appropriation of sports by contemporary dictatorial regimes such as Nazi Germany, commented that:
832:
as subhumans. Members were taught to associate state-identified enemies such as Jews with Germany's previous defeat in the
35:
5606:
616:
By December 1936, Hitler Youth membership had reached over five million. That same month, membership became mandatory for
7110:
6990:
6896:
6629:
6366:
4329:
1494:
1314:
6000:
5063:
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3965:
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7308:
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4183:
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3520:
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427:, and its inaugural meeting took place on 13 May the same year. Another youth group was established in 1922 as the
3541:
2267:
and Girls' League present, upwards of 900 girls between fifteen and eighteen years of age returned home pregnant.
6836:
6413:
6395:
6158:
5368:
5121:
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4938:
4557:
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6983:
6511:
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1349:
1235:
373:
6732:
6418:
5536:
5506:
5494:
2245:
691:
6277:
6026:
5309:
2302:
The Hitler Youth and their related symbology was connoted as unconstitutional in the German Criminal Code (
1165:, but this was discarded by the HJ in 1934. One flag/symbol used by the HJ was the same as the DJ, a white
1150:
was only held by two people during its existence, first by Baldur von Schirach and later by Artur Axmann.
804:
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4682:
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Members' summer uniform consisted of black shorts and a tan shirt with pockets, worn with a rolled black
387:
145:
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ceased to exist. On 10 October 1945, the Hitler Youth and its subordinate units were outlawed by the
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On 15 August 1939, a fortnight before the beginning of World War II, Schirach agreed with General
547:(DJ), for boys aged 10 to 14. Girls from 10 to 18 were given their own parallel organisation, the
422:
6125:
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4612:
4527:
3734:
3642:
2195:
2175:
2169:
1049:
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Historian Richard Evans reported an even lower number of only 18,000 members of the HJ in 1930.
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6200:
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5288:
5026:
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2250:
1529:
813:
548:
383:
281:
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931:. The Hitler Youth also assisted in such organisations as the Reich postal service, the Reich
7288:
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7006:
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6006:
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5546:
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4603:
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1307:
1066:
565:
458:
3462:[From the German people and their living space. Manual for the training in the HJ].
2314:(Dissemination of Propaganda Material of Unconstitutional Organizations) and by § 86a StGB:
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231:
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1228:
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HJ had enlisted over 25,000 boys aged 14 and upward. They also set up a junior branch, the
530:
7254:
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5589:
2285:
Meyer was later sentenced to death by a Canadian court after his capture for ordering the
170:
8:
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https://www.history.com/news/how-the-hitler-youth-turned-a-generation-of-kids-into-nazis
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131:
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950:
935:, and other government offices; members of the HJ also aided the army and served with
753:
The Hitler Youth had a number of monthly and weekly publications: among them were the
587:(Reich Youth Leader). All youth organizations were brought under Schirach's control.
508:
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1747:
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By 1937, there was a HJ rifle school established, partially at the behest of General
809:
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Stachura, Peter D. (1998). "Hitler Youth". In Buse, Dieter; Doerr, Juergen (eds.).
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was commonly drafting 12-year-old Hitler Youth members into its ranks. During the
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572:
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307:
69:
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3814:
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Confronting the Nazi War on Christianity: The Kulturkampf Newsletters, 1936–1939
1844:
1809:
1633:
1125:
626:(Hitler Youth Law). This legal obligation was reaffirmed in March 1939 with the
7244:
7232:
7171:
7166:
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6120:
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5339:
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3460:"Vom deutschen Volk und seinem Lebensraum. Handbuch für die Schulung in der HJ"
2263:
At the 1936 Nuremberg Rally, where there were some 100,000 participants of the
1914:
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1730:
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The Person Encyclopedia of the Third Reich. Who was what before and after 1945
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4501:
4412:
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1828:
1817:
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1217:
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1476:
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6232:
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5730:
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5541:
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5268:
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Die Betreuung der Jugend: Überblick über eine Aufgabe der Volksgemeinschaft
3587:
3475:. Cambridge, MA and London: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.
1609:
1410:
1377:
1105:
1101:
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190:
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Dissonant Lives: Generations and Violence Through the German Dictatorships
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Modern Germany: An Encyclopedia of History, People, and Culture 1871–1990
3415:
3413:
2188:
1888:
1852:
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division made up of Hitler Youth members was first proposed by Axmann to
651:
497:
462:
6975:
1712:
1511:
1261:
7262:
7021:
6589:
5705:
5455:
5418:
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5232:
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4921:
4812:
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2514:
2512:
1441:
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963:
902:
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617:
605:
413:
407:
346:
268:
261:
3410:
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2994:
1161:, usually tucked under the collar. Headgear originally consisted of a
913:
that the entire Hitler Youth leadership must have "defence training".
824:
The members of the Hitler Youth were viewed as ensuring the future of
6962:
6739:
6309:
5885:
5566:
5200:
4998:
3615:
2290:
1863:
1723:
1566:
1109:
1096:
German children born in the 1920s and 1930s became adults during the
944:
727:
719:
4404:
3840:
Das Personenlexikon zum Dritten Reich. Wer war was vor und nach 1945
3224:
2577:
2509:
1167:
1061:
The Hitler Youth was disbanded by Allied authorities as part of the
658:
and one of the leading figures of the anti-Nazi resistance movement
5556:
5521:
5263:
4000:
The care of the youth: overview of a task of the national community
3579:
2991:
2859:
2311:
Verbreiten von Propagandamitteln verfassungswidriger Organisationen
1896:
1800:
1765:
1644:
1097:
855:
378:
3846:] (in German). Frankfurt am Main: Fischer Taschenbuch Verlag.
3513:
Hitler's Young Tigers: The Chilling True Story of the Hitler Youth
2289:
to shoot 64 British and Canadian POWs (making them complicit in a
6517:
5007:
2427:
2425:
1459:
449:(SA), the main paramilitary wing of the Nazi Party at that time.
438:
395:
6230:
1108:
had been members of the Hitler Youth. Little effort was made to
7222:
5427:
5283:
4980:
4476:
4197:[Belief and Action. A commitment of the young nation].
2748:
1452:
1158:
1075:
of Vienna, not for his leadership of the Hitler Youth, because
997:
assumed command and became the divisional commander at age 33.
714:
637:
609:
501:
434:
176:
57:
3755:
The 12-Year Reich: A Social History of Nazi Germany, 1933–1945
2422:
1053:
Baldur von Schirach (in second row, second from right) at the
7146:
7034:
5990:
4365:
4026:
Baldur von Schirach: Nazi Leader and Head of the Hitler Youth
3061:
3059:
3057:
2381:
See: Reichsorganisationsleiter der NSDAP (1943), pp. 460–462.
1171:
1162:
829:
699:
3335:
3236:
2317:
Verwenden von Kennzeichen verfassungswidriger Organisationen
854:
The Hitler Youth appropriated many of the activities of the
604:
Hitler Youth members give the Nazi salute at a rally at the
2712:
985:
4208:
Hitler Youth: History, Organisation, Uniforms and Insignia
4015:] (in German). Frankfurt: Norddeutsche Verlagsanstalt.
3612:
Democracies and the Shock of War: The Law as a Battlefield
3265:
3263:
3054:
2700:
2601:
2485:
2410:
523:("Hitler Youth, League of German Worker Youth"). The name
4949:
3530:
3248:
3173:
2823:
2772:
2760:
353:. Its origins date back to 1922 and it received the name
3110:
2955:
2811:
2736:
2724:
2555:
2553:
2551:
984:
against the British and Canadian forces to the north of
4195:"Glauben und Handeln. Ein Bekenntnis der jungen Nation"
3260:
3190:
3188:
3151:
3149:
3134:
3098:
2847:
2801:
2799:
2690:
2688:
2673:
2649:
2637:
2320:(Use of Signs of Unconstitutional Organisations). See:
1000:
As German casualties escalated with the combination of
920:
was appointed deputy to Schirach, whom he succeeded as
507:
After a short power struggle with a rival organisation—
441:, it served to train and recruit future members of the
31:
3775:
Leaders & Personalities of the Third Reich, Vol. 1
3371:
3347:
3076:
3074:
2907:
2883:
2589:
2461:
2400:
2398:
4170:
The Waffen SS: Hitler's Elite Guard at War, 1939–1945
3359:
3287:
3212:
3086:
3042:
2943:
2919:
2625:
2613:
2548:
2536:
484:(Greater German Youth Movement). On 4 July 1926, the
461:
existed across Germany prior to and especially after
369:
or "DJ", also "DJV") for younger boys aged 10 to 14.
3958:
Hitler's Voice: The Völkischer Beobachter, 1920–1933
3863:
The Hitler Youth: Origins and Development, 1922–1945
3400:
3398:
3383:
3311:
3299:
3185:
3161:
3146:
3122:
3006:
2967:
2895:
2871:
2835:
2796:
2685:
2449:
3473:
The Death Marches: The Final Phase of Nazi Genocide
3323:
3275:
3200:
3071:
3018:
2979:
2931:
2524:
2497:
2395:
2342:prove themselves and earn true military rank. See:
410:established its official youth organisation called
4327:Zentner, Christian; Bedürftig, Friedemann (1991).
4301:
4278:
4263:
4167:
4132:. Vol. 2 Vols. New York: Garland Publishing.
4064:
4046:Hitler's Charisma: Leading Millions into the Abyss
4009:Die evangelische Jugend im Dritten Reich 1933–1936
3419:
2565:
2473:
4013:The Protestant youth in the Third Reich 1933–1936
3395:
3030:
2784:
2437:
2354:To verify these ranks, see the Nazi publication:
386:along with other Nazi Party organisations. Under
7280:
4360:"Neville Chamberlain writes to the Hitler Youth"
4326:
3000:
2865:
2583:
2518:
2431:
6913:Orders, decorations, and medals of Nazi Germany
4272:] (in German). Leipzig: Verlag Moritz Ruhl.
3882:Hitler Youth, 1922–1945: An Illustrated History
2372:, Franz Eher Nachf., Tafels 55, 56, and p. 458.
493:Hitler Jugend Bund der deutschen Arbeiterjugend
5956:National Socialist Movement in the Netherlands
4149:The German War: A Nation Under Arms, 1939–1945
4067:Hitler's Children: The Hitler Youth and the SS
1012:in the west, members of the Hitlerjugend were
783:(Will and Power). Other publications included
6991:
6216:
4965:
4381:
3884:. Jefferson, NC; London: McFarland & Co.
3562:"Sick Heil: Self and Illness in Nazi Germany"
2198:– 1933 propaganda film about the Hitler Youth
738:. Another branch of the Hitler Youth was the
6960:
6144:
6135:
5975:National Socialist Workers' Party of Denmark
5656:
5647:
5636:
5580:
5571:
5453:
5444:
5425:
5416:
5390:
5359:
5198:
5189:
5150:
5126:
5085:
5075:
5061:
5014:
5005:
4996:
4655:
4646:
4637:
4628:
4619:
4610:
4601:
4592:
4583:
2668:United States Holocaust Memorial Museum 2007
2367:
2361:
2355:
2315:
2309:
2303:
2133:
2124:
2115:
2106:
2097:
2088:
2079:
2070:
2061:
2047:
2041:
2027:
2021:
2007:
2001:
1987:
1981:
1967:
1949:
1943:
1905:
1886:
1877:
1861:
1842:
1826:
1807:
1791:
1772:
1756:
1737:
1721:
1702:
1686:
1667:
1658:
1642:
1623:
1607:
1588:
1572:
1564:
1545:
1536:
1520:
1501:
1485:
1466:
1450:
1431:
1400:
1391:
1375:
1356:
1340:
1321:
1305:
1286:
1270:
1251:
1242:
1226:
1207:
1198:
1145:
1139:
1130:
1070:
1017:
989:
970:(LSSAH) was appointed divisional commander.
948:
921:
859:
796:
790:
784:
778:
772:
766:
760:
754:
745:
739:
731:
659:
627:
621:
592:
580:
540:
534:
524:
520:Hitler-Jugend, Bund deutscher Arbeiterjugend
518:
512:
491:
485:
479:
473:
442:
428:
420:
411:
364:
356:Hitler-Jugend, Bund deutscher Arbeiterjugend
354:
245:
229:
3979:. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars.
3440:Hitler Youth: Growing Up in Hitler's Shadow
901:16-year-old Willi Hübner being awarded the
6998:
6984:
6223:
6209:
4972:
4958:
4907:National Political Institutes of Education
4388:
4374:
4276:
4192:
3974:
3955:
3898:
3791:
3751:
3436:
3179:
2961:
2889:
2817:
2778:
2766:
2742:
2416:
2154:National Socialist Schoolchildren's League
2149:National Socialist German Students' League
690:Members of the Hitler Youth chosen by the
419:. It was announced on 8 March 1922 in the
296:Hitler Youth League of German Worker Youth
7005:
5945:German National Movement in Liechtenstein
4146:
3705:
3242:
2706:
668:)—was also a member of the Hitler Youth.
27:Nazi Party youth organisation (1926–1945)
6307:
4205:
4127:
4108:
4019:
3772:
3728:
3632:
3457:
3377:
3365:
3353:
3341:
3269:
3140:
3104:
3065:
2877:
2718:
2679:
2643:
2491:
1124:
1048:
896:
839:
803:
599:
7324:Youth organizations established in 1922
4247:United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
4239:United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
4006:
4002:] (in German). Berlin: Eher Verlag.
3470:
3230:
2607:
2322:http://www.lawww.de/Library/stgb/86.htm
366:Deutsches Jungvolk in der Hitler Jugend
14:
7281:
7060:Wanderungen durch die Mark Brandenburg
4299:
4089:
4062:
3993:
3879:
3510:
3489:
3389:
3293:
3281:
3254:
3218:
3128:
3092:
3048:
2949:
2925:
2853:
2841:
2829:
2655:
2631:
2619:
2559:
2467:
2404:
6979:
6204:
4953:
4369:
4224:
4165:
3936:
3917:
3812:
3682:
3659:
3609:
3559:
3329:
3317:
3305:
3206:
3194:
3167:
3155:
3116:
3036:
3024:
3012:
2973:
2913:
2901:
2805:
2790:
2730:
2694:
2595:
2530:
2503:
1120:
579:was appointed by Hitler as the first
361:German Youngsters in the Hitler Youth
332:
314:
7314:Organizations disestablished in 1945
7074:Wir sind des Geyers schwarzer Haufen
5962:National Socialist Movement of Chile
4934:Ranks and insignia of the Nazi Party
4876:National Democratic Party of Germany
4092:The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich
4043:
3860:
3837:
3080:
2985:
2937:
2754:
2571:
2542:
2479:
2455:
2443:
2229:This fact is emphasised in the film
1057:seated with other high-ranking Nazis
1038:
795:(a paper for girls in the BdM), and
345:) was the youth organisation of the
36:12th SS Panzer Division Hitlerjugend
7111:Deutsche Jungenschaft vom 1.11.1929
4330:The Encyclopedia of the Third Reich
3529:
3443:. New York: Scholastic Nonfiction.
3437:Bartoletti, Susan Campbell (2005).
3404:
2357:Reichsorganisationsleiter der NSDAP
814:Government of the Republic of China
24:
6837:Russian Protective Corps in Serbia
6001:World Union of National Socialists
5160:Adolf Hitler's cult of personality
5064:Nationalsozialistische Monatshefte
4073:University of North Carolina Press
3960:. Vol. 1 . Bern: Peter Lang.
3798:. London and New York: Routledge.
529:was taken up on the suggestion of
25:
7340:
7299:1945 disestablishments in Germany
6299:Comparative ranks of Nazi Germany
6047:Last surviving war crime suspects
4353:
4206:Stephens, Frederick John (1973).
4113:. Santa Barbara, CA: Clio Books.
4111:Nazi Youth in the Weimar Republic
3758:. New York: Henry Holt & Co.
3708:Life and Death in the Third Reich
3560:Cocks, Geoffrey (February 2007).
2178:– Japanese Fascist youth movement
2066:): NSDAP educational institutions
34:division named Hitlerjugend, see
6630:Reichsleiter Rosenberg Taskforce
6231:Ranks, uniforms and insignia of
6187:
6186:
6037:Nazi Party leaders and officials
3880:Lepage, Jean-Denis G.G. (2009).
3639:The Oxford Guide to World War II
3535:"Records Integration Title Book"
2192:– satire film about Hitler Youth
2172:– Italian Fascist youth movement
1895:
1851:
1816:
1781:
1746:
1711:
1676:
1632:
1597:
1554:
1510:
1475:
1440:
1409:
1365:
1330:
1295:
1260:
1216:
844:Hitler Youth at rifle practice,
812:in 1935, with permission of the
698:
683:
68:
56:
6414:National Socialist Flyers Corps
6159:Political views of Adolf Hitler
4939:Samoan branch of the Nazi Party
4243:Nazi Ideology and the Holocaust
2375:
2363:Organisationshandbuch der NSDAP
2348:
2330:
2296:
2279:
2270:
2257:
2238:
2223:
2214:
2056:
2036:
2016:
1996:
1976:
1958:
1934:
892:
674:
7329:Youth wings of fascist parties
7294:1922 establishments in Germany
6424:National Socialist Motor Corps
6052:Speeches given by Adolf Hitler
4395:
4285:. London: Longman Publishers.
4227:"The Dictators Discover Sport"
3939:Hitler's Elite: The SS 1939–45
3865:. New York: Barnes and Noble.
3777:. R. James Bender Publishing.
2184:– Dutch Fascist youth movement
1014:recruited at ever younger ages
759:(Hitler Youth Newspaper), the
13:
1:
6419:German Air Sports Association
5986:Ossewabrandwag (South Africa)
3490:Bonney, Richard, ed. (2009).
3233:, pp. 121–122, 219, 228.
2202:
845:
777:(News for German Youth), and
741:Deutsche Arbeiter Jugend – HJ
692:NSDAP Office of Racial Policy
558:
6832:Independent State of Croatia
6027:Bibliography of Adolf Hitler
5310:Aestheticization of politics
4442:Adolf Hitler's rise to power
4147:Stargardt, Nicholas (2015).
3752:Grunberger, Richard (1971).
3001:Zentner & Bedürftig 1991
2866:Zentner & Bedürftig 1991
2584:Zentner & Bedürftig 1991
2519:Zentner & Bedürftig 1991
2432:Zentner & Bedürftig 1991
962:was tasked with recruiting.
623:Gesetz über die Hitlerjugend
487:Grossdeutsche Jugendbewegung
481:Grossdeutsche Jugendbewegung
7:
6381:Esoteric insignia of the SS
5967:National Socialist Movement
5935:Arrow Cross Party (Hungary)
4902:Munich Documentation Centre
4683:Houston Stewart Chamberlain
4264:Verlag Moritz Ruhl (1936).
4193:Stellrecht, Helmut (1938).
4109:Stachura, Peter D. (1975).
4048:. New York: Vintage Books.
3956:Mühlberger, Detlef (2004).
3903:. Somerset, KY: Agincourt.
2757:, pp. 63, 68, 72, 105.
2254:also focuses on this topic.
2142:
2069:HJ-Patrol service (1943): (
2046:): HJ-agriculture service (
1753:Senior Comrade Unit Leader
819:
774:Deutschen Jugendnachrichten
396:Federal Republic of Germany
10:
7345:
6503:Reich Security Main Office
6463:Women's Auxiliary Services
5981:Nordic Resistance Movement
5117:National Socialist Program
4979:
4472:National Socialist Program
4277:Williamson, David (2002).
3899:Littlejohn, David (1988).
3813:Kater, Michael H. (2004).
3792:Hildebrand, Klaus (1984).
3773:Hamilton, Charles (1984).
2126:BDM-Gesundheitsdienstmädel
1042:
650:ideologies. For instance,
406:In 1922, the Munich-based
401:
376:in 1945, the organisation
62:Emblem of the Hitler Youth
29:
7203:Back-to-the-land movement
7195:
7134:
7083:
7013:
6928:
6905:
6868:
6800:Byelorussian Home Defence
6709:
6678:
6642:
6617:
6551:
6501:
6475:
6394:
6354:
6291:
6239:
6184:
6092:
6066:
6018:
5950:Nasjonal Samling (Norway)
5918:
5875:
5790:
5670:
5299:
5101:
4987:
4889:
4851:
4668:
4576:
4553:Office of Foreign Affairs
4543:Office of Military Policy
4538:Office of Colonial Policy
4510:
4434:
4403:
4199:German Propaganda Archive
4166:Stein, George H. (1984).
4151:. New York: Basic Books.
4007:Priepke, Manfred (1960).
3706:Fritzsche, Peter (2009).
3464:German Propaganda Archive
2123:BDM-health service girl (
2096:HJ-mountain walk groups (
1920:
1876:
1657:
1604:Senior Cadre Unit Leader
1535:
1390:
1308:General der Waffengattung
1241:
1197:
1084:court fined Axman 35,000
1006:Lvov-Sandomierz Operation
968:SS Division Leibstandarte
374:surrender of Nazi Germany
290:
267:
255:
239:
223:
213:
200:
182:
161:
151:
137:
127:
116:10 October 1945
112:
97:
87:
79:
67:
55:
48:
7309:Nazi Party organizations
7116:Deutscher Pfadfinderbund
6733:Groupe mobile de réserve
5891:Nazi concentration camps
5407:Economic interventionism
5369:Jewish conspiracy theory
5170:Night of the Long Knives
5146:Religion in Nazi Germany
4912:Nazi concentration camps
4482:Night of the Long Knives
4176:Cornell University Press
4090:Shirer, William (1990).
4063:Rempel, Gerhard (1989).
3977:Nazi Ideology and Ethics
3821:Harvard University Press
3712:Harvard University Press
3687:. Battle Zone Normandy.
3662:The Third Reich in Power
3471:Blatman, Daniel (2011).
3458:Bennecke, Fritz (1937).
2166:– Anthem of Hitler Youth
2105:HJ-fire brigade units: (
1740:Oberkameradschaftsführer
1548:Hauptgefolgschaftsführer
980:was deployed during the
975:12th SS-Panzer-Division
316:[ˈhɪtlɐˌjuːɡn̩t]
74:Flag of the Hitler Youth
49:
6805:Russian Liberation Army
6775:Italian Social Republic
6711:Collaborationist forces
6396:Nazi Paramilitary ranks
5996:Tsagaan Khas (Mongolia)
4613:Innviertler Heimatblatt
4548:Office of Racial Policy
4225:Tunis, John R. (1936).
4094:. New York: MJF Books.
4044:Rees, Laurence (2012).
3994:Müller, Albert (1943).
3735:Oxford University Press
3729:Fulbrook, Mary (2011).
3660:Evans, Richard (2006).
3643:Oxford University Press
3614:. London and New York:
3515:. London: Arrow Books.
3511:Butler, Rupert (1986).
3420:Verlag Moritz Ruhl 1936
2369:Zentralverlag der NSDAP
2176:Great Japan Youth Party
2170:Opera Nazionale Balilla
1591:Obergefolgschaftsführer
1561:Head Cadre Unit Leader
1135:used on various helmets
1045:Hitler Youth generation
864:. In a 1936 edition of
490:was officially renamed
468:Following the abortive
327:, often abbreviated as
7268:Zionist youth movement
6961:
6283:League of German Girls
6145:
6136:
5657:
5648:
5637:
5612:Social interventionism
5581:
5572:
5454:
5445:
5440:Greater Germanic Reich
5426:
5417:
5391:
5360:
5199:
5190:
5151:
5127:
5122:Hitler's rise to power
5086:
5076:
5062:
5027:League of German Girls
5015:
5006:
4997:
4793:Joachim von Ribbentrop
4788:Konstantin von Neurath
4656:
4647:
4638:
4629:
4620:
4611:
4602:
4593:
4584:
4533:Nazi Party Chancellery
3683:Forty, George (2004).
2368:
2362:
2356:
2316:
2310:
2304:
2134:
2125:
2116:
2107:
2098:
2089:
2080:
2071:
2062:
2048:
2042:
2028:
2026:): Communications-HJ (
2022:
2008:
2002:
1988:
1982:
1968:
1950:
1944:
1906:
1887:
1878:
1862:
1843:
1827:
1823:Senior Section Leader
1808:
1792:
1773:
1757:
1738:
1722:
1703:
1687:
1668:
1659:
1643:
1624:
1608:
1589:
1573:
1565:
1546:
1537:
1521:
1502:
1486:
1467:
1451:
1432:
1401:
1392:
1376:
1357:
1341:
1322:
1306:
1287:
1271:
1252:
1243:
1227:
1223:National Youth Leader
1208:
1199:
1146:
1140:
1136:
1131:
1071:
1058:
1018:
990:
949:
922:
906:
879:
860:
851:
816:
798:Junge Dorfgemeinschaft
797:
791:
785:
779:
773:
767:
761:
755:
746:
740:
732:
705:Uniform from the 1930s
660:
647:
628:
622:
613:
593:
581:
549:League of German Girls
541:
535:
525:
519:
513:
492:
486:
480:
474:
443:
430:Jungsturm Adolf Hitler
429:
421:
412:
384:Allied Control Council
365:
355:
311:
282:League of German Girls
246:
230:
18:Jungsturm Adolf Hitler
7304:German Youth Movement
7126:Sturmtrupp-Pfadfinder
7101:Bruderhof Communities
7007:German Youth Movement
6563:Administrative police
5906:Human experimentation
5602:Reactionary modernism
5547:Anti-Slavic sentiment
5274:Human experimentation
5008:Geheime Staatspolizei
4881:Socialist Reich Party
4872:Deutsche Reichspartei
4693:Richard Walther Darré
4586:Völkischer Beobachter
4467:German Workers' Party
4300:Wilson, A.N. (2012).
4210:. Alnark Publishing.
3937:McNab, Chris (2013).
3918:McNab, Chris (2009).
3861:Koch, H. W. (1996) .
2308:) (StGB): § 86 StGB:
2099:HJ-Bergfahrtengruppen
1416:Senior Banner Leader
1128:
1067:criminal organisation
1052:
900:
870:
843:
808:Hitlerjugend camp in
807:
786:Das Junge Deutschland
756:Hitler-Jugend-Zeitung
642:
603:
500:, a law student from
423:Völkischer Beobachter
101:4 July 1926
6696:Deutsche Jägerschaft
6436:Reich Labour Service
6430:Reichsluftschutzbund
5940:German American Bund
5320:Anti-intellectualism
5165:Enabling Act of 1933
4897:Adolf Hitler Schools
4823:Arthur Seyss-Inquart
4528:Hitler's Chancellery
4462:Enabling Act of 1933
4335:Macmillan Publishing
3838:Klee, Ernst (2005).
3733:. Oxford; New York:
3641:. Oxford; New York:
3610:Cogen, Marc (2012).
3496:. Bern: Peter Lang.
3344:, pp. 247, 334.
3141:Dear & Foot 1995
2586:, pp. 431, 835.
2521:, pp. 431, 434.
2182:Nationale Jeugdstorm
1788:Comrade Unit Leader
1775:Kameradschaftsführer
1683:Senior Squad Leader
1229:Generalfeldmarschall
531:Hans Severus Ziegler
475:Jugendbund der NSDAP
7121:Freideutsche Jugend
7096:Berneuchen Movement
6689:Forstschutzkommando
6604:Technische Nothilfe
6341:Geheime Feldpolizei
6067:Role and impact in
5930:American Nazi Party
5381:Cult of personality
5350:Class collaboration
5259:Extermination camps
5244:Concentration camps
5185:Anti-Comintern Pact
4867:German Social Union
4818:Baldur von Schirach
4773:Ernst Kaltenbrunner
4568:SS Education Office
4452:Brown House, Munich
4071:. Chapel Hill, NC:
4029:. Pen & Sword.
3922:. Amber Books Ltd.
3257:, pp. 250–251.
3245:, pp. 516–517.
3119:, pp. 205–206.
3003:, pp. 434–435.
2868:, pp. 432–435.
2832:, pp. 254–255.
2733:, pp. 122–123.
2721:, pp. 140–142.
2610:, pp. 187–189.
2494:, pp. 114–115.
2208:Informational notes
2164:Vorwärts! Vorwärts!
2114:HJ-field surgeon: (
1626:Gefolgschaftsführer
1538:Höhere Führerschaft
1482:Senior Unit Leader
1372:Head Banner Leader
1302:Senior Area Leader
1244:Höheres Führerkorps
1193:British equivalent
1002:Operation Bagration
629:Jugenddienstpflicht
594:Evangelische Jugend
577:Baldur von Schirach
257:Parent organization
45:
7106:Deutsche Freischar
7028:Ludwigstein Castle
6576:Feuerschutzpolizei
6538:Sicherheitspolizei
6292:Ranks and insignia
6154:German Romanticism
6042:Nazi Party members
5896:Extermination camp
5289:Racial segregation
5017:Deutsches Jungvolk
4595:Das Schwarze Korps
4266:Deutsche Uniformen
3547:on 23 January 2017
3533:(24 August 1999).
2339:Reichsjugendführer
2159:Hitler Youth Badge
1980: Light blue (
1951:Reichsjugendführer
1639:Cadre Unit Leader
1495:Lieutenant Colonel
1315:Lieutenant General
1210:Reichsjugendführer
1200:Reichsjugendführer
1147:Reichsjugendführer
1141:Reichsjugendführer
1137:
1121:Ranks and uniforms
1059:
982:Battle of Normandy
923:Reichsjugendführer
907:
856:Boy Scout movement
852:
817:
801:(Young Villager).
792:Das deutsche Mädel
614:
583:Reichsjugendführer
543:Deutsches Jungvolk
277:Deutsches Jungvolk
232:Reichsjugendführer
215:Official language
132:Youth organisation
43:
7276:
7275:
7208:Edelweiss Pirates
6973:
6972:
6864:
6863:
6705:
6704:
6674:
6673:
6638:
6637:
6613:
6612:
6583:Luftschutzpolizei
6547:
6546:
6524:Sicherheitsdienst
6497:
6496:
6488:Bahnschutzpolizei
6471:
6470:
6453:Organisation Todt
6390:
6389:
6350:
6349:
6198:
6197:
5771:Strasser (Gregor)
5650:Volksgemeinschaft
5595:Völkisch movement
5590:Völkisch equality
5175:Nuremberg rallies
5136:German rearmament
4947:
4946:
4927:Horst-Wessel-Lied
4758:Reinhard Heydrich
4748:Ernst Hanfstaengl
4487:Nuremberg rallies
4319:978-0-46503-128-3
4292:978-0-58236-883-5
4256:978-0-89604-712-9
4245:. Washington DC:
4158:978-0-46501-899-4
4139:978-0-81530-503-3
4120:978-0-87436-199-5
4101:978-1-56731-163-1
4082:978-0-8078-4299-7
4055:978-0-30738-958-9
4036:978-1-39902-096-1
3986:978-1-44385-422-1
3948:978-1-78200-088-4
3929:978-1-906626-51-8
3891:978-0-78643-935-5
3853:978-3-59616-048-8
3819:. Cambridge, MA:
3721:978-0-674-03374-0
3689:Sutton Publishing
3675:978-0-14303-790-3
3652:978-0-19-534096-9
3625:978-1-40944-363-6
3503:978-3-03911-904-2
3482:978-0-67405-049-5
3068:, p. Ch. 11.
2916:, pp. 62–69.
2856:, pp. 78–79.
2709:, pp. 98–99.
2658:, pp. 87–89.
2598:, pp. 48–59.
2545:, pp. 78–79.
2470:, pp. 21–23.
2458:, pp. 40–41.
2419:, pp. 30–32.
2108:HJ-Ferwehrscharen
2072:Hj-Streifendienst
1925:
1924:
1652:Second Lieutenant
1289:Obergebietsführer
1039:Post-World War II
1008:in the east, and
789:(Young Germany),
636:be refused their
334:[haːˈjɔt]
300:
299:
16:(Redirected from
7336:
7319:Youth in Germany
7213:Freikörperkultur
7187:Alexander Schwab
7182:Karl Otto Paetel
7000:
6993:
6986:
6977:
6976:
6966:
6740:Milice française
6707:
6706:
6676:
6675:
6640:
6639:
6615:
6614:
6597:Schutzmannschaft
6549:
6548:
6499:
6498:
6473:
6472:
6441:German Red Cross
6392:
6391:
6352:
6351:
6305:
6304:
6225:
6218:
6211:
6202:
6201:
6190:
6189:
6150:
6141:
6138:Drang nach Osten
5976:
5957:
5866:von Sebottendorf
5662:
5653:
5642:
5622:State capitalism
5607:Social Darwinism
5586:
5577:
5459:
5450:
5431:
5422:
5396:
5365:
5362:Dolchstoßlegende
5335:Authoritarianism
5228:Nuremberg trials
5204:
5195:
5156:
5132:
5091:
5081:
5067:
5020:
5011:
5002:
4974:
4967:
4960:
4951:
4950:
4890:Related articles
4843:Julius Streicher
4803:Alfred Rosenberg
4763:Heinrich Himmler
4661:
4652:
4643:
4634:
4625:
4616:
4607:
4598:
4589:
4447:Beer Hall Putsch
4390:
4383:
4376:
4367:
4366:
4348:
4323:
4307:
4296:
4284:
4273:
4260:
4234:
4221:
4202:
4189:
4173:
4162:
4143:
4124:
4105:
4086:
4070:
4059:
4040:
4021:Rathkolb, Oliver
4016:
4003:
3990:
3971:
3952:
3933:
3914:
3901:The Hitler Youth
3895:
3876:
3857:
3834:
3809:
3788:
3769:
3748:
3725:
3702:
3679:
3656:
3629:
3606:
3604:
3602:
3556:
3554:
3552:
3546:
3540:. Archived from
3539:
3526:
3507:
3486:
3467:
3454:
3423:
3417:
3408:
3402:
3393:
3387:
3381:
3375:
3369:
3363:
3357:
3351:
3345:
3339:
3333:
3327:
3321:
3315:
3309:
3303:
3297:
3291:
3285:
3279:
3273:
3267:
3258:
3252:
3246:
3240:
3234:
3228:
3222:
3216:
3210:
3204:
3198:
3192:
3183:
3177:
3171:
3165:
3159:
3153:
3144:
3138:
3132:
3126:
3120:
3114:
3108:
3102:
3096:
3090:
3084:
3078:
3069:
3063:
3052:
3046:
3040:
3034:
3028:
3022:
3016:
3010:
3004:
2998:
2989:
2983:
2977:
2971:
2965:
2959:
2953:
2947:
2941:
2935:
2929:
2923:
2917:
2911:
2905:
2899:
2893:
2887:
2881:
2875:
2869:
2863:
2857:
2851:
2845:
2839:
2833:
2827:
2821:
2815:
2809:
2803:
2794:
2788:
2782:
2776:
2770:
2764:
2758:
2752:
2746:
2740:
2734:
2728:
2722:
2716:
2710:
2704:
2698:
2692:
2683:
2677:
2671:
2665:
2659:
2653:
2647:
2641:
2635:
2629:
2623:
2617:
2611:
2605:
2599:
2593:
2587:
2581:
2575:
2569:
2563:
2557:
2546:
2540:
2534:
2528:
2522:
2516:
2507:
2501:
2495:
2489:
2483:
2477:
2471:
2465:
2459:
2453:
2447:
2441:
2435:
2429:
2420:
2414:
2408:
2402:
2382:
2379:
2373:
2371:
2365:
2359:
2352:
2346:
2334:
2328:
2319:
2313:
2307:
2300:
2294:
2283:
2277:
2274:
2268:
2261:
2255:
2242:
2236:
2227:
2221:
2218:
2196:Hitlerjunge Quex
2137:
2128:
2119:
2110:
2101:
2092:
2083:
2074:
2065:
2059:
2058:
2051:
2045:
2039:
2038:
2031:
2025:
2019:
2018:
2011:
2005:
1999:
1998:
1991:
1985:
1979:
1978:
1971:
1961:
1960:
1953:
1947:
1937:
1936:
1911:
1899:
1892:
1881:
1867:
1855:
1848:
1832:
1820:
1813:
1810:Oberrottenführer
1797:
1785:
1778:
1762:
1750:
1743:
1727:
1715:
1708:
1692:
1680:
1673:
1662:
1648:
1636:
1629:
1613:
1601:
1594:
1578:
1570:
1558:
1551:
1540:
1526:
1514:
1507:
1491:
1479:
1472:
1456:
1444:
1437:
1413:
1406:
1395:
1381:
1369:
1362:
1346:
1334:
1327:
1311:
1299:
1292:
1276:
1264:
1257:
1246:
1232:
1220:
1213:
1202:
1190:Heer equivalent
1178:
1177:
1149:
1143:
1134:
1074:
1055:Nuremberg Trials
1030:Helmuth Weidling
1026:Battle of Berlin
1023:
993:
956:Heinrich Himmler
954:
933:railway services
925:
866:Foreign Affairs,
863:
850:
847:
800:
794:
788:
782:
776:
770:
764:
758:
749:
743:
737:
702:
687:
663:
654:—the brother of
631:
625:
596:
586:
569:Heinrich Brüning
546:
538:
528:
522:
516:
495:
489:
483:
477:
470:Beer Hall Putsch
448:
432:
426:
418:
368:
358:
344:
343:
342:
336:
326:
325:
324:
318:
251:
235:
205:
193:
174:
123:
121:
108:
106:
72:
60:
46:
42:
21:
7344:
7343:
7339:
7338:
7337:
7335:
7334:
7333:
7279:
7278:
7277:
7272:
7191:
7162:Eberhard Koebel
7130:
7079:
7009:
7004:
6974:
6969:
6924:
6901:
6860:
6847:Slovak Republic
6843:Czechoslovakia
6795:Armenian Legion
6701:
6670:
6651:Transportflotte
6634:
6609:
6554:Ordnungspolizei
6543:
6531:Zollgrenzschutz
6512:Kriminalpolizei
6493:
6467:
6386:
6346:
6303:
6287:
6235:
6229:
6199:
6194:
6180:
6179:
6178:
6164:Racial theories
6147:Generalplan Ost
6094:
6088:
6068:
6062:
6061:
6060:
6032:Nazi ideologues
6014:
6013:
6012:
5974:
5969:(United States)
5968:
5955:
5920:
5914:
5911:Romani genocide
5878:
5871:
5870:
5869:
5786:
5785:
5784:
5776:Strasser (Otto)
5666:
5665:
5664:
5639:Gleichschaltung
5632:Totalitarianism
5517:One-party state
5325:Anti-liberalism
5295:
5294:
5293:
5218:Tripartite Pact
5129:Machtergreifung
5097:
5096:
5095:
4983:
4978:
4948:
4943:
4885:
4847:
4833:Gregor Strasser
4738:Joseph Goebbels
4723:Roland Freisler
4708:Dietrich Eckart
4670:Notable members
4664:
4572:
4506:
4430:
4399:
4394:
4356:
4351:
4345:
4320:
4293:
4281:The Third Reich
4270:German Uniforms
4257:
4231:Foreign Affairs
4218:
4186:
4159:
4140:
4121:
4102:
4083:
4056:
4037:
3987:
3968:
3949:
3930:
3920:The Third Reich
3911:
3892:
3873:
3854:
3831:
3806:
3795:The Third Reich
3785:
3766:
3745:
3722:
3699:
3676:
3653:
3637:, eds. (1995).
3626:
3600:
3598:
3550:
3548:
3544:
3537:
3523:
3504:
3483:
3451:
3427:
3426:
3418:
3411:
3403:
3396:
3388:
3384:
3376:
3372:
3364:
3360:
3352:
3348:
3340:
3336:
3328:
3324:
3316:
3312:
3304:
3300:
3292:
3288:
3280:
3276:
3268:
3261:
3253:
3249:
3241:
3237:
3229:
3225:
3217:
3213:
3205:
3201:
3193:
3186:
3180:Bartoletti 2005
3178:
3174:
3166:
3162:
3154:
3147:
3139:
3135:
3127:
3123:
3115:
3111:
3103:
3099:
3091:
3087:
3079:
3072:
3064:
3055:
3047:
3043:
3035:
3031:
3023:
3019:
3011:
3007:
2999:
2992:
2984:
2980:
2972:
2968:
2962:Hildebrand 1984
2960:
2956:
2948:
2944:
2936:
2932:
2924:
2920:
2912:
2908:
2900:
2896:
2890:Stellrecht 1938
2888:
2884:
2876:
2872:
2864:
2860:
2852:
2848:
2840:
2836:
2828:
2824:
2818:Littlejohn 1988
2816:
2812:
2804:
2797:
2789:
2785:
2779:Grunberger 1971
2777:
2773:
2767:Mühlhäuser 2014
2765:
2761:
2753:
2749:
2743:Williamson 2002
2741:
2737:
2729:
2725:
2717:
2713:
2705:
2701:
2693:
2686:
2678:
2674:
2666:
2662:
2654:
2650:
2642:
2638:
2630:
2626:
2618:
2614:
2606:
2602:
2594:
2590:
2582:
2578:
2570:
2566:
2558:
2549:
2541:
2537:
2529:
2525:
2517:
2510:
2502:
2498:
2490:
2486:
2478:
2474:
2466:
2462:
2454:
2450:
2442:
2438:
2430:
2423:
2417:Mühlberger 2004
2415:
2411:
2403:
2396:
2386:
2385:
2380:
2376:
2353:
2349:
2335:
2331:
2305:Strafgesetzbuch
2301:
2297:
2284:
2280:
2275:
2271:
2262:
2258:
2243:
2239:
2228:
2224:
2219:
2215:
2205:
2145:
2135:Gebirgsjäger-HJ
2055:
2035:
2015:
1995:
1975:
1957:
1933:
1858:Section Leader
1670:Oberscharführer
1469:Oberstammführer
1359:Hauptbannführer
1343:Generalleutnant
1157:secured with a
1123:
1088:(approximately
1047:
1041:
1016:. By 1945, the
1010:Operation Cobra
951:Reichsführer-SS
939:defence crews.
916:On 1 May 1940,
895:
848:
834:First World War
822:
780:Wille und Macht
771:(Young Front),
765:(Storm Youth),
710:
709:
708:
707:
706:
703:
695:
694:
688:
677:
573:Franz von Papen
561:
533:. By 1930, the
509:Gerhard Roßbach
459:youth movements
455:Weimar Republic
404:
338:
337:
320:
319:
293:
292:Formerly called
286:
258:
242:
226:
216:
206:
203:
196:
189:
168:
119:
117:
104:
102:
75:
63:
51:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7342:
7332:
7331:
7326:
7321:
7316:
7311:
7306:
7301:
7296:
7291:
7274:
7273:
7271:
7270:
7265:
7260:
7252:
7247:
7245:Leipzig Meuten
7242:
7235:
7233:Kreisau Circle
7230:
7225:
7220:
7215:
7210:
7205:
7199:
7197:
7193:
7192:
7190:
7189:
7184:
7179:
7174:
7172:Martin Luserke
7169:
7167:Alexander Lion
7164:
7159:
7154:
7149:
7144:
7138:
7136:
7132:
7131:
7129:
7128:
7123:
7118:
7113:
7108:
7103:
7098:
7093:
7091:Artaman League
7087:
7085:
7081:
7080:
7078:
7077:
7070:
7063:
7056:
7049:
7044:
7037:
7032:
7031:
7030:
7017:
7015:
7011:
7010:
7003:
7002:
6995:
6988:
6980:
6971:
6970:
6968:
6967:
6958:
6951:
6944:
6932:
6930:
6926:
6925:
6923:
6922:
6921:
6920:
6909:
6907:
6903:
6902:
6900:
6899:
6894:
6887:
6880:
6872:
6870:
6866:
6865:
6862:
6861:
6859:
6858:
6857:
6856:
6849:
6841:
6840:
6839:
6834:
6829:
6826:Einsatzstaffel
6819:
6818:
6817:
6812:
6807:
6802:
6797:
6789:
6788:
6787:
6779:
6778:
6777:
6772:
6770:Black Brigades
6764:
6763:
6762:
6755:
6745:
6744:
6743:
6736:
6726:
6725:
6724:
6715:
6713:
6703:
6702:
6700:
6699:
6692:
6684:
6682:
6680:Forest Service
6672:
6671:
6669:
6668:
6665:Transportkorps
6661:
6654:
6646:
6644:
6636:
6635:
6633:
6632:
6627:
6621:
6619:
6611:
6610:
6608:
6607:
6600:
6593:
6586:
6579:
6572:
6565:
6559:
6557:
6545:
6544:
6542:
6541:
6534:
6527:
6520:
6515:
6507:
6505:
6495:
6494:
6492:
6491:
6483:
6481:
6469:
6468:
6466:
6465:
6460:
6455:
6450:
6443:
6438:
6433:
6426:
6421:
6416:
6411:
6406:
6400:
6398:
6388:
6387:
6385:
6384:
6377:
6370:
6362:
6360:
6348:
6347:
6345:
6344:
6337:
6330:
6323:
6315:
6313:
6302:
6301:
6295:
6293:
6289:
6288:
6286:
6285:
6280:
6275:
6270:
6265:
6258:
6251:
6243:
6241:
6237:
6236:
6228:
6227:
6220:
6213:
6205:
6196:
6195:
6185:
6182:
6181:
6177:
6176:
6171:
6166:
6161:
6156:
6151:
6142:
6133:
6128:
6123:
6121:Beefsteak Nazi
6118:
6117:
6116:
6111:
6100:
6099:
6098:
6096:
6090:
6089:
6087:
6082:
6077:
6072:
6070:
6069:German society
6064:
6063:
6059:
6054:
6049:
6044:
6039:
6034:
6029:
6024:
6023:
6022:
6020:
6016:
6015:
6011:
6010:
6003:
5998:
5993:
5988:
5983:
5978:
5971:
5964:
5959:
5952:
5947:
5942:
5937:
5932:
5926:
5925:
5924:
5922:
5916:
5915:
5913:
5908:
5903:
5901:Final Solution
5898:
5893:
5888:
5883:
5881:
5879:and war crimes
5873:
5872:
5868:
5863:
5858:
5853:
5848:
5843:
5841:von Liebenfels
5838:
5833:
5828:
5823:
5818:
5813:
5808:
5803:
5798:
5797:
5796:
5794:
5788:
5787:
5783:
5778:
5773:
5768:
5763:
5758:
5753:
5751:von Ribbentrop
5748:
5743:
5738:
5733:
5728:
5723:
5718:
5713:
5708:
5703:
5698:
5693:
5688:
5683:
5678:
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5668:
5667:
5663:
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5629:
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5609:
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5599:
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5592:
5587:
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5569:
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5559:
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5549:
5544:
5534:
5529:
5524:
5519:
5514:
5509:
5504:
5503:
5502:
5497:
5492:
5487:
5477:
5472:
5470:Indoctrination
5467:
5466:
5465:
5460:
5451:
5447:Heim ins Reich
5442:
5432:
5423:
5414:
5409:
5404:
5399:
5398:
5397:
5383:
5378:
5373:
5372:
5371:
5366:
5352:
5347:
5342:
5340:Blood and soil
5337:
5332:
5327:
5322:
5317:
5315:Anti-communism
5312:
5307:
5306:
5305:
5303:
5297:
5296:
5292:
5291:
5286:
5281:
5276:
5271:
5266:
5261:
5256:
5254:Doctors' Trial
5251:
5246:
5238:Final solution
5235:
5230:
5225:
5223:Denazification
5220:
5215:
5210:
5205:
5196:
5187:
5182:
5180:Nuremberg Laws
5177:
5172:
5167:
5162:
5157:
5148:
5143:
5138:
5133:
5124:
5119:
5114:
5112:Early timeline
5109:
5108:
5107:
5105:
5099:
5098:
5094:
5093:
5083:
5078:Sturmabteilung
5073:
5068:
5059:
5054:
5049:
5044:
5039:
5034:
5029:
5024:
5021:
5012:
5003:
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4991:
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4909:
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4800:
4795:
4790:
4785:
4780:
4775:
4770:
4765:
4760:
4755:
4750:
4745:
4743:Hermann Göring
4740:
4735:
4730:
4725:
4720:
4715:
4713:Adolf Eichmann
4710:
4705:
4700:
4695:
4690:
4685:
4680:
4674:
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4508:
4507:
4505:
4504:
4499:
4494:
4489:
4484:
4479:
4474:
4469:
4464:
4459:
4457:Denazification
4454:
4449:
4444:
4438:
4436:
4432:
4431:
4429:
4428:
4425:Martin Bormann
4422:
4416:
4409:
4407:
4401:
4400:
4393:
4392:
4385:
4378:
4370:
4364:
4363:
4362:on archive.org
4355:
4354:External links
4352:
4350:
4349:
4343:
4324:
4318:
4297:
4291:
4274:
4261:
4255:
4235:
4222:
4216:
4203:
4190:
4184:
4174:. Ithaca, NY:
4163:
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4144:
4138:
4125:
4119:
4106:
4100:
4087:
4081:
4060:
4054:
4041:
4035:
4017:
4004:
3991:
3985:
3972:
3967:978-3906769721
3966:
3953:
3947:
3934:
3928:
3915:
3909:
3896:
3890:
3877:
3872:978-0880292368
3871:
3858:
3852:
3835:
3829:
3810:
3804:
3789:
3783:
3770:
3764:
3749:
3744:978-0199287208
3743:
3726:
3720:
3703:
3697:
3685:Villers Bocage
3680:
3674:
3657:
3651:
3630:
3624:
3607:
3580:10.1086/521744
3557:
3527:
3521:
3508:
3502:
3487:
3481:
3468:
3455:
3449:
3433:
3425:
3424:
3409:
3394:
3382:
3370:
3358:
3346:
3334:
3322:
3320:, p. 226.
3310:
3308:, p. 265.
3298:
3296:, p. 252.
3286:
3274:
3272:, p. 248.
3259:
3247:
3243:Stargardt 2015
3235:
3223:
3221:, p. 172.
3211:
3199:
3197:, p. 214.
3184:
3182:, p. 133.
3172:
3170:, p. 205.
3160:
3158:, p. 295.
3145:
3143:, p. 425.
3133:
3121:
3109:
3107:, p. 247.
3097:
3095:, p. 181.
3085:
3083:, p. 114.
3070:
3053:
3051:, p. 180.
3041:
3029:
3017:
3015:, p. 273.
3005:
2990:
2988:, p. 135.
2978:
2976:, p. 274.
2966:
2954:
2952:, p. 102.
2942:
2940:, p. 220.
2930:
2928:, p. 139.
2918:
2906:
2904:, p. 170.
2894:
2882:
2870:
2858:
2846:
2834:
2822:
2810:
2808:, p. 155.
2795:
2783:
2781:, p. 280.
2771:
2769:, p. 170.
2759:
2747:
2735:
2723:
2711:
2707:Fritzsche 2009
2699:
2697:, p. 272.
2684:
2682:, p. 479.
2672:
2660:
2648:
2646:, p. 478.
2636:
2634:, p. 268.
2624:
2622:, p. 253.
2612:
2600:
2588:
2576:
2564:
2562:, p. 266.
2547:
2535:
2523:
2508:
2506:, p. 271.
2496:
2484:
2482:, p. 694.
2472:
2460:
2448:
2436:
2434:, p. 431.
2421:
2409:
2393:
2392:
2384:
2383:
2374:
2347:
2329:
2295:
2278:
2269:
2256:
2237:
2232:The White Rose
2222:
2212:
2211:
2204:
2201:
2200:
2199:
2193:
2185:
2179:
2173:
2167:
2161:
2156:
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2144:
2141:
2140:
2139:
2132:Mountain-HJ: (
2130:
2121:
2112:
2103:
2094:
2085:
2076:
2067:
2053:
2033:
2029:Nachrichten-HJ
2020: Yellow (
2013:
1993:
1973:
1955:
1928:Troop colours:
1923:
1922:
1918:
1917:
1912:
1903:
1900:
1893:
1883:
1882:
1874:
1873:
1868:
1859:
1856:
1849:
1839:
1838:
1836:Lance Corporal
1833:
1824:
1821:
1814:
1804:
1803:
1798:
1789:
1786:
1779:
1769:
1768:
1763:
1759:Unterfeldwebel
1754:
1751:
1744:
1734:
1733:
1731:Staff Sergeant
1728:
1719:
1716:
1709:
1699:
1698:
1696:Sergeant Major
1693:
1684:
1681:
1674:
1664:
1663:
1655:
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1649:
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1637:
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1541:
1533:
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1527:
1518:
1515:
1508:
1498:
1497:
1492:
1488:Oberstleutnant
1483:
1480:
1473:
1463:
1462:
1457:
1448:
1447:Banner Leader
1445:
1438:
1428:
1427:
1422:
1417:
1414:
1407:
1403:Oberbannführer
1397:
1396:
1388:
1387:
1382:
1373:
1370:
1363:
1353:
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1347:
1338:
1335:
1328:
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1300:
1293:
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1277:
1268:
1265:
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1239:
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1233:
1224:
1221:
1214:
1204:
1203:
1195:
1194:
1191:
1188:
1185:
1182:
1129:Decals of the
1122:
1119:
1063:denazification
1040:
1037:
960:Gottlob Berger
911:Wilhelm Keitel
894:
891:
821:
818:
747:Landjahr Lager
715:Nazi doctrines
704:
697:
696:
689:
682:
681:
680:
679:
678:
676:
673:
560:
557:
445:Sturmabteilung
403:
400:
298:
297:
294:
291:
288:
287:
285:
284:
279:
273:
271:
265:
264:
259:
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207:
201:
198:
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195:
194:
186:
184:
180:
179:
166:Kaufhaus Jonas
163:
159:
158:
156:Indoctrination
153:
149:
148:
139:
135:
134:
129:
125:
124:
114:
110:
109:
99:
95:
94:
89:
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53:
52:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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7218:German Forest
7216:
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6888:
6886:
6885:
6881:
6879:
6878:
6874:
6873:
6871:
6869:Corps colours
6867:
6855:
6854:
6853:Vládní vojsko
6850:
6848:
6845:
6844:
6842:
6838:
6835:
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6808:
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6803:
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6791:Soviet Union
6790:
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6780:
6776:
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6759:Statspolitiet
6756:
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6753:
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6730:
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6728:Vichy France
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6708:
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6407:
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6399:
6397:
6393:
6382:
6378:
6376:
6375:
6374:Allgemeine SS
6371:
6369:
6368:
6364:
6363:
6361:
6359:
6358:
6357:Schutzstaffel
6353:
6343:
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6106:
6105:
6102:
6101:
6097:
6091:
6086:
6083:
6081:
6078:
6076:
6075:The Wehrmacht
6073:
6071:
6065:
6058:
6055:
6053:
6050:
6048:
6045:
6043:
6040:
6038:
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5793:
5789:
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5779:
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5769:
5767:
5764:
5762:
5761:Seyss-Inquart
5759:
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5752:
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5610:
5608:
5605:
5603:
5600:
5596:
5593:
5591:
5588:
5585:
5584:
5583:Untermenschen
5579:
5576:
5575:
5574:Rassenschande
5570:
5568:
5565:
5563:
5560:
5558:
5555:
5553:
5550:
5548:
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5515:
5513:
5510:
5508:
5505:
5501:
5498:
5496:
5493:
5491:
5488:
5486:
5483:
5482:
5481:
5478:
5476:
5473:
5471:
5468:
5464:
5463:Pan-Germanism
5461:
5458:
5457:
5452:
5449:
5448:
5443:
5441:
5438:
5437:
5436:
5433:
5430:
5429:
5424:
5421:
5420:
5415:
5413:
5410:
5408:
5405:
5403:
5402:Direct action
5400:
5395:
5394:
5393:Führerprinzip
5389:
5388:
5387:
5384:
5382:
5379:
5377:
5374:
5370:
5367:
5364:
5363:
5358:
5357:
5356:
5353:
5351:
5348:
5346:
5343:
5341:
5338:
5336:
5333:
5331:
5330:Anti-pacifism
5328:
5326:
5323:
5321:
5318:
5316:
5313:
5311:
5308:
5304:
5302:
5298:
5290:
5287:
5285:
5282:
5280:
5277:
5275:
5272:
5270:
5267:
5265:
5262:
5260:
5257:
5255:
5252:
5250:
5247:
5245:
5242:
5241:
5240:
5239:
5234:
5231:
5229:
5226:
5224:
5221:
5219:
5216:
5214:
5213:The Holocaust
5211:
5209:
5206:
5203:
5202:
5197:
5194:
5193:
5192:Kristallnacht
5188:
5186:
5183:
5181:
5178:
5176:
5173:
5171:
5168:
5166:
5163:
5161:
5158:
5155:
5154:
5149:
5147:
5144:
5142:
5139:
5137:
5134:
5131:
5130:
5125:
5123:
5120:
5118:
5115:
5113:
5110:
5106:
5104:
5100:
5090:
5089:
5088:Schutzstaffel
5084:
5080:
5079:
5074:
5072:
5069:
5066:
5065:
5060:
5058:
5055:
5053:
5050:
5048:
5045:
5043:
5040:
5038:
5035:
5033:
5030:
5028:
5025:
5022:
5019:
5018:
5013:
5010:
5009:
5004:
5001:
5000:
4995:
4994:
4990:
4986:
4982:
4975:
4970:
4968:
4963:
4961:
4956:
4955:
4952:
4940:
4937:
4935:
4932:
4928:
4925:
4924:
4923:
4920:
4918:
4915:
4913:
4910:
4908:
4905:
4903:
4900:
4898:
4895:
4894:
4892:
4888:
4882:
4879:
4877:
4873:
4870:
4868:
4864:
4860:
4857:
4856:
4854:
4850:
4844:
4841:
4839:
4838:Otto Strasser
4836:
4834:
4831:
4829:
4826:
4824:
4821:
4819:
4816:
4814:
4811:
4809:
4808:Bernhard Rust
4806:
4804:
4801:
4799:
4796:
4794:
4791:
4789:
4786:
4784:
4783:Josef Mengele
4781:
4779:
4776:
4774:
4771:
4769:
4766:
4764:
4761:
4759:
4756:
4754:
4751:
4749:
4746:
4744:
4741:
4739:
4736:
4734:
4731:
4729:
4728:Wilhelm Frick
4726:
4724:
4721:
4719:
4716:
4714:
4711:
4709:
4706:
4704:
4701:
4699:
4696:
4694:
4691:
4689:
4686:
4684:
4681:
4679:
4676:
4675:
4673:
4671:
4667:
4660:
4659:
4654:
4651:
4650:
4645:
4642:
4641:
4636:
4633:
4632:
4627:
4624:
4623:
4618:
4615:
4614:
4609:
4606:
4605:
4600:
4597:
4596:
4591:
4588:
4587:
4582:
4581:
4579:
4575:
4569:
4566:
4564:
4561:
4559:
4556:
4554:
4551:
4549:
4546:
4544:
4541:
4539:
4536:
4534:
4531:
4529:
4526:
4524:
4521:
4519:
4518:Amt Rosenberg
4516:
4515:
4513:
4511:Party offices
4509:
4503:
4502:Thule Society
4500:
4498:
4495:
4493:
4490:
4488:
4485:
4483:
4480:
4478:
4475:
4473:
4470:
4468:
4465:
4463:
4460:
4458:
4455:
4453:
4450:
4448:
4445:
4443:
4440:
4439:
4437:
4433:
4426:
4423:
4420:
4417:
4414:
4413:Anton Drexler
4411:
4410:
4408:
4406:
4402:
4398:
4391:
4386:
4384:
4379:
4377:
4372:
4371:
4368:
4361:
4358:
4357:
4346:
4344:0-02-897500-6
4340:
4336:
4332:
4331:
4325:
4321:
4315:
4311:
4306:
4305:
4298:
4294:
4288:
4283:
4282:
4275:
4271:
4267:
4262:
4258:
4252:
4248:
4244:
4240:
4236:
4232:
4228:
4223:
4219:
4213:
4209:
4204:
4200:
4196:
4191:
4187:
4185:0-8014-9275-0
4181:
4177:
4172:
4171:
4164:
4160:
4154:
4150:
4145:
4141:
4135:
4131:
4126:
4122:
4116:
4112:
4107:
4103:
4097:
4093:
4088:
4084:
4078:
4074:
4069:
4068:
4061:
4057:
4051:
4047:
4042:
4038:
4032:
4028:
4027:
4022:
4018:
4014:
4010:
4005:
4001:
3997:
3992:
3988:
3982:
3978:
3973:
3969:
3963:
3959:
3954:
3950:
3944:
3940:
3935:
3931:
3925:
3921:
3916:
3912:
3910:0-934870-21-7
3906:
3902:
3897:
3893:
3887:
3883:
3878:
3874:
3868:
3864:
3859:
3855:
3849:
3845:
3841:
3836:
3832:
3830:0-674-01496-0
3826:
3822:
3818:
3817:
3811:
3807:
3805:0-0494-3033-5
3801:
3797:
3796:
3790:
3786:
3784:0-912138-27-0
3780:
3776:
3771:
3767:
3765:0-03-076435-1
3761:
3757:
3756:
3750:
3746:
3740:
3736:
3732:
3727:
3723:
3717:
3713:
3709:
3704:
3700:
3698:0-7509-3012-8
3694:
3690:
3686:
3681:
3677:
3671:
3667:
3663:
3658:
3654:
3648:
3644:
3640:
3636:
3631:
3627:
3621:
3617:
3613:
3608:
3597:
3593:
3589:
3585:
3581:
3577:
3573:
3569:
3568:
3563:
3558:
3543:
3536:
3532:
3528:
3524:
3522:0-09-942450-9
3518:
3514:
3509:
3505:
3499:
3495:
3494:
3488:
3484:
3478:
3474:
3469:
3465:
3461:
3456:
3452:
3450:9780439353793
3446:
3442:
3441:
3435:
3434:
3432:
3431:
3421:
3416:
3414:
3407:, p. 21.
3406:
3401:
3399:
3392:, p. 74.
3391:
3386:
3380:, p. 73.
3379:
3378:Stephens 1973
3374:
3367:
3366:Stephens 1973
3362:
3356:, p. 43.
3355:
3354:Stephens 1973
3350:
3343:
3342:Hamilton 1984
3338:
3332:, p. 15.
3331:
3326:
3319:
3314:
3307:
3302:
3295:
3290:
3283:
3278:
3271:
3270:Hamilton 1984
3266:
3264:
3256:
3251:
3244:
3239:
3232:
3227:
3220:
3215:
3209:, p. 29.
3208:
3203:
3196:
3191:
3189:
3181:
3176:
3169:
3164:
3157:
3152:
3150:
3142:
3137:
3131:, p. 68.
3130:
3125:
3118:
3113:
3106:
3105:Hamilton 1984
3101:
3094:
3089:
3082:
3077:
3075:
3067:
3066:Rathkolb 2022
3062:
3060:
3058:
3050:
3045:
3038:
3033:
3027:, p. 30.
3026:
3021:
3014:
3009:
3002:
2997:
2995:
2987:
2982:
2975:
2970:
2964:, p. 45.
2963:
2958:
2951:
2946:
2939:
2934:
2927:
2922:
2915:
2910:
2903:
2898:
2891:
2886:
2879:
2878:Bennecke 1937
2874:
2867:
2862:
2855:
2850:
2844:, p. 78.
2843:
2838:
2831:
2826:
2820:, p. 55.
2819:
2814:
2807:
2802:
2800:
2792:
2787:
2780:
2775:
2768:
2763:
2756:
2751:
2745:, p. 55.
2744:
2739:
2732:
2727:
2720:
2719:Fulbrook 2011
2715:
2708:
2703:
2696:
2691:
2689:
2681:
2680:Stachura 1998
2676:
2670:, p. 35.
2669:
2664:
2657:
2652:
2645:
2644:Stachura 1998
2640:
2633:
2628:
2621:
2616:
2609:
2604:
2597:
2592:
2585:
2580:
2574:, p. 89.
2573:
2568:
2561:
2556:
2554:
2552:
2544:
2539:
2533:, p. 16.
2532:
2527:
2520:
2515:
2513:
2505:
2500:
2493:
2492:Stachura 1975
2488:
2481:
2476:
2469:
2464:
2457:
2452:
2446:, p. 40.
2445:
2440:
2433:
2428:
2426:
2418:
2413:
2407:, p. 21.
2406:
2401:
2399:
2394:
2391:
2390:
2378:
2370:
2364:
2358:
2351:
2345:
2340:
2333:
2327:
2323:
2318:
2312:
2306:
2299:
2292:
2288:
2282:
2273:
2266:
2260:
2253:
2252:
2247:
2246:Thomas Carter
2241:
2234:
2233:
2226:
2217:
2213:
2210:
2209:
2197:
2194:
2191:
2190:
2186:
2183:
2180:
2177:
2174:
2171:
2168:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2146:
2136:
2131:
2127:
2122:
2118:
2117:HJ-Feldschere
2113:
2109:
2104:
2100:
2095:
2091:
2087:Mounted-HJ: (
2086:
2082:
2077:
2073:
2068:
2064:
2060: White (
2054:
2050:
2049:HJ-Landdienst
2044:
2040: Green (
2034:
2030:
2024:
2014:
2010:
2006:): Motor HJ (
2004:
1994:
1990:
1986:): Flyer-HJ (
1984:
1974:
1970:
1965:
1956:
1952:
1946:
1941:
1932:
1931:
1930:
1929:
1919:
1916:
1913:
1910:
1909:
1904:
1902:Hitler Youth
1901:
1898:
1894:
1891:
1890:
1885:
1884:
1880:
1875:
1872:
1869:
1866:
1865:
1860:
1857:
1854:
1850:
1847:
1846:
1841:
1840:
1837:
1834:
1831:
1830:
1829:Obergefreiter
1825:
1822:
1819:
1815:
1812:
1811:
1806:
1805:
1802:
1799:
1796:
1795:
1794:Unteroffizier
1790:
1787:
1784:
1780:
1777:
1776:
1771:
1770:
1767:
1764:
1761:
1760:
1755:
1752:
1749:
1745:
1742:
1741:
1736:
1735:
1732:
1729:
1726:
1725:
1720:
1718:Squad Leader
1717:
1714:
1710:
1707:
1706:
1701:
1700:
1697:
1694:
1691:
1690:
1689:Oberfeldwebel
1685:
1682:
1679:
1675:
1672:
1671:
1666:
1665:
1661:
1656:
1653:
1650:
1647:
1646:
1641:
1638:
1635:
1631:
1628:
1627:
1622:
1621:
1618:
1615:
1612:
1611:
1606:
1603:
1600:
1596:
1593:
1592:
1587:
1586:
1583:
1580:
1577:
1576:
1569:
1568:
1563:
1560:
1557:
1553:
1550:
1549:
1544:
1543:
1539:
1534:
1531:
1528:
1525:
1524:
1519:
1516:
1513:
1509:
1506:
1505:
1500:
1499:
1496:
1493:
1490:
1489:
1484:
1481:
1478:
1474:
1471:
1470:
1465:
1464:
1461:
1458:
1455:
1454:
1449:
1446:
1443:
1439:
1436:
1435:
1430:
1429:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1415:
1412:
1408:
1405:
1404:
1399:
1398:
1394:
1389:
1386:
1383:
1380:
1379:
1374:
1371:
1368:
1364:
1361:
1360:
1355:
1354:
1351:
1350:Major General
1348:
1345:
1344:
1339:
1336:
1333:
1329:
1326:
1325:
1324:Gebietsführer
1320:
1319:
1316:
1313:
1310:
1309:
1304:
1301:
1298:
1294:
1291:
1290:
1285:
1284:
1281:
1278:
1275:
1274:
1273:Generaloberst
1269:
1267:Staff Leader
1266:
1263:
1259:
1256:
1255:
1250:
1249:
1245:
1240:
1237:
1236:Field Marshal
1234:
1231:
1230:
1225:
1222:
1219:
1215:
1212:
1211:
1206:
1205:
1201:
1196:
1192:
1189:
1186:
1183:
1180:
1179:
1176:
1173:
1170:
1169:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1151:
1148:
1142:
1133:
1127:
1118:
1114:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1094:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1078:
1073:
1068:
1064:
1056:
1051:
1046:
1036:
1033:
1031:
1027:
1022:
1021:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1003:
998:
996:
992:
991:Brigadeführer
987:
983:
979:
978:
973:In 1944, the
971:
969:
965:
961:
957:
953:
952:
946:
940:
938:
937:anti-aircraft
934:
930:
924:
919:
914:
912:
905:in March 1945
904:
899:
890:
888:
884:
878:
876:
875:cannon fodder
869:
867:
862:
857:
842:
838:
835:
831:
827:
815:
811:
806:
802:
799:
793:
787:
781:
775:
769:
763:
757:
751:
748:
742:
736:
735:
729:
723:
721:
716:
701:
693:
686:
672:
669:
667:
662:
657:
656:Sophie Scholl
653:
646:
641:
639:
633:
630:
624:
619:
611:
607:
602:
598:
595:
588:
585:
584:
578:
574:
570:
567:
556:
554:
550:
545:
544:
537:
532:
527:
526:Hitler-Jugend
521:
515:
510:
505:
503:
499:
494:
488:
482:
476:
471:
466:
464:
460:
456:
450:
447:
446:
440:
436:
431:
425:
424:
417:
415:
409:
399:
397:
393:
392:Criminal Code
389:
385:
381:
380:
375:
370:
367:
362:
357:
352:
348:
341:
335:
330:
323:
317:
313:
309:
305:
295:
289:
283:
280:
278:
275:
274:
272:
270:
266:
263:
260:
254:
250:
249:
244:
241:Deputy leader
238:
234:
233:
228:
222:
218:
212:
208:
199:
192:
188:
187:
185:
181:
178:
172:
167:
164:
160:
157:
154:
150:
147:
143:
140:
136:
133:
130:
126:
115:
111:
100:
96:
93:
90:
86:
82:
78:
71:
66:
59:
54:
47:
41:
37:
33:
19:
7289:Hitler Youth
7255:
7239:Lebensreform
7237:
7228:Hitler Youth
7227:
7177:Hans Paasche
7058:
7051:
7041:Light Prayer
7039:
7020:
6955:Kriegsmarine
6953:
6946:
6940:
6936:
6889:
6882:
6875:
6851:
6824:
6757:
6750:
6738:
6731:
6694:
6687:
6663:
6656:
6649:
6602:
6595:
6588:
6581:
6574:
6567:
6552:
6536:
6529:
6522:
6510:
6486:
6476:
6458:Hitler Youth
6445:
6428:
6372:
6365:
6355:
6339:
6334:Kriegsmarine
6332:
6325:
6318:
6308:
6262:Kriegsmarine
6260:
6253:
6246:
6233:Nazi Germany
6109:Architecture
6057:SS personnel
6005:
5991:SUMKA (Iran)
5617:Social order
5542:Antisemitism
5495:Palingenetic
5386:Dictatorship
5355:Conspiracism
5279:Labour camps
5249:Deportations
5236:
5208:World War II
5153:Kirchenkampf
5141:Nazi Germany
5023:Hitler Youth
4988:Organisation
4917:Nazi Germany
4828:Albert Speer
4733:Walther Funk
4698:Rudolf Diels
4688:Kurt Daluege
4678:Artur Axmann
4577:Publications
4523:Hitler Youth
4522:
4492:Röhm scandal
4419:Adolf Hitler
4333:. New York:
4328:
4308:. New York:
4303:
4280:
4269:
4265:
4242:
4230:
4207:
4201:(in German).
4198:
4169:
4148:
4129:
4110:
4091:
4066:
4045:
4025:
4012:
4008:
3999:
3995:
3976:
3957:
3938:
3919:
3900:
3881:
3862:
3843:
3839:
3816:Hitler Youth
3815:
3794:
3774:
3754:
3730:
3707:
3684:
3664:. New York:
3661:
3638:
3635:Foot, M.R.D.
3611:
3599:. Retrieved
3571:
3565:
3549:. Retrieved
3542:the original
3512:
3492:
3472:
3466:(in German).
3463:
3439:
3430:Bibliography
3429:
3428:
3385:
3373:
3368:, p. 8.
3361:
3349:
3337:
3325:
3313:
3301:
3289:
3284:, p. 2.
3277:
3250:
3238:
3231:Blatman 2011
3226:
3214:
3202:
3175:
3163:
3136:
3124:
3112:
3100:
3088:
3044:
3032:
3020:
3008:
2981:
2969:
2957:
2945:
2933:
2921:
2909:
2897:
2885:
2873:
2861:
2849:
2837:
2825:
2813:
2786:
2774:
2762:
2750:
2738:
2726:
2714:
2702:
2675:
2663:
2651:
2639:
2627:
2615:
2608:Priepke 1960
2603:
2591:
2579:
2567:
2538:
2526:
2499:
2487:
2475:
2463:
2451:
2439:
2412:
2388:
2387:
2377:
2350:
2338:
2332:
2298:
2286:
2281:
2272:
2264:
2259:
2249:
2240:
2230:
2225:
2216:
2207:
2206:
2187:
2000: Pink (
1972:): GeneralHJ
1948:): Area and
1927:
1926:
1879:Hitlerjungen
1870:
1845:Rottenführer
1660:Führerschaft
1610:Oberleutnant
1517:Unit Leader
1424:
1419:
1378:Generalmajor
1337:Area Leader
1187:Translation
1184:HJ insignia
1166:
1152:
1138:
1132:Hitlerjugend
1115:
1106:East Germany
1095:
1077:Artur Axmann
1060:
1034:
999:
977:Hitlerjugend
976:
972:
941:
918:Artur Axmann
915:
908:
893:World War II
883:Erwin Rommel
880:
871:
865:
853:
826:Nazi Germany
823:
752:
734:Kriegsmarine
724:
711:
675:Organisation
670:
648:
643:
634:
615:
589:
562:
536:Hitlerjugend
514:Schilljugend
506:
478:was renamed
467:
451:
405:
377:
371:
328:
312:Hitlerjugend
304:Hitler Youth
303:
301:
269:Subsidiaries
191:Nazi Germany
162:Headquarters
138:Legal status
92:Adolf Hitler
80:Abbreviation
50:Hitlerjugend
44:Hitler Youth
40:
7250:Swingjugend
7157:Fritz Klatt
7152:Hans Freyer
7142:Hans Blüher
7053:Wandervogel
7047:Lute guitar
6906:Decorations
6821:Yugoslavia
6785:Blue Police
6569:Gendarmerie
6169:Strasserism
5831:de Gobineau
5806:Chamberlain
5672:Politicians
5659:Volkskörper
5562:Master race
5532:Prussianism
5480:Nationalism
5435:Imperialism
5376:Corporatism
4863:Strasserism
4859:Black Front
4852:Derivatives
4768:Rudolf Höss
4753:Rudolf Hess
4703:Karl Dönitz
4658:Kampfverlag
4649:Der Stürmer
4631:Der Angriff
4622:Arbeitertum
4421:(1921–1945)
4415:(1919–1921)
4310:Basic Books
3633:Dear, Ian;
3601:17 November
3551:11 December
3422:, Table 20.
3390:Wilson 2012
3294:Rempel 1989
3282:Rempel 1989
3255:Rempel 1989
3219:Butler 1986
3129:Rempel 1989
3093:Rempel 1989
3049:Rempel 1989
2950:Rempel 1989
2926:Bonney 2009
2854:Lepage 2009
2842:Lepage 2009
2830:Shirer 1990
2656:Müller 1943
2632:Rempel 1989
2620:Shirer 1990
2560:Rempel 1989
2468:Lepage 2009
2405:Lepage 2009
2366:. München:
2189:Jojo Rabbit
1945:karmesinrot
1889:Hitlerjunge
1705:Scharführer
1575:Rittmeister
1504:Stammführer
1393:Führerkorps
1254:Stabsführer
1155:neckerchief
1082:West Berlin
849: 1943
768:Junge Front
762:Sturmjugend
652:Hans Scholl
504:in Saxony.
498:Kurt Gruber
463:World War I
457:. Numerous
433:. Based in
248:Stabsführer
202:Membership
169: [
88:Named after
7283:Categories
7263:White Rose
7067:Wild Geese
7022:Jugendburg
6918:Nazi Party
6752:Rikshirden
6590:Postschutz
6478:Reichsbahn
6447:Volkssturm
6404:Nazi Party
6379:(see also
5877:Atrocities
5792:Ideologues
5627:Syncretism
5552:Aryan race
5527:Propaganda
5475:Militarism
5456:Lebensraum
5419:Geopolitik
5345:Chauvinism
5233:Neo-Nazism
5071:Nazi Party
4922:Nazi songs
4813:Fritz Todt
4798:Ernst Röhm
4778:Robert Ley
4718:Hans Frank
4397:Nazi Party
4217:0855241047
3941:. Osprey.
3574:: 93–115.
3330:McNab 2009
3318:Cogen 2012
3306:Kater 2004
3207:Forty 2004
3195:Kater 2004
3168:Stein 1984
3156:McNab 2013
3117:Stein 1984
3037:Tunis 1936
3025:Kater 2004
3013:Evans 2006
2974:Evans 2006
2914:Kater 2004
2902:Kater 2004
2806:McNab 2009
2791:Cocks 2007
2731:Kater 2004
2695:Evans 2006
2596:Kater 2004
2531:Kater 2004
2504:Evans 2006
2251:Swing Kids
2203:References
1989:Flieger-HJ
1617:Lieutenant
1434:Bannführer
1043:See also:
1020:Volkssturm
995:Kurt Meyer
964:Fritz Witt
903:Iron Cross
861:Mein Kampf
666:White Rose
661:Weiße Rose
620:under the
606:Lustgarten
566:Chancellor
559:Membership
553:Ernst Röhm
414:Jugendbund
408:Nazi Party
388:Section 86
347:Nazi Party
262:Nazi Party
120:1945-10-10
105:1926-07-04
6963:Blutfahne
6948:Luftwaffe
6937:Wehrmacht
6891:Waffen-SS
6884:Luftwaffe
6618:Rosenberg
6367:Waffen-SS
6327:Luftwaffe
6310:Wehrmacht
6255:Luftwaffe
5886:Action T4
5856:Rosenberg
5836:Haushofer
5781:Streicher
5567:Nordicism
5512:New Order
5201:Anschluss
4999:Ahnenerbe
4640:Panzerbär
4604:Das Reich
3616:Routledge
3081:Koch 1996
2986:Rees 2012
2938:Koch 1996
2755:Koch 1996
2572:Koch 1996
2543:Koch 1996
2480:Klee 2005
2456:Koch 1996
2444:Koch 1996
2389:Citations
2291:war crime
2244:The 1993
2090:Reiter-HJ
2081:Marine-HJ
2078:Navy-HJ (
1921:Source:
1864:Gefreiter
1724:Feldwebel
1567:Hauptmann
1385:Brigadier
1110:blacklist
1072:Gauleiter
945:Waffen-SS
728:Wehrmacht
720:Nuremberg
416:der NSDAP
372:With the
209:8 million
113:Dissolved
98:Formation
7258:movement
7256:Völkisch
6815:Trawniki
6718:Denmark
6240:Uniforms
6192:Category
6131:Glossary
5846:von List
5801:Baeumler
5736:Goebbels
5721:Heydrich
5701:Eichmann
5557:Aryanism
5522:Populism
5412:Eugenics
5301:Ideology
5264:Genocide
4558:NSDAP/AO
4241:(2007).
4023:(2022).
3596:40551973
3588:18175467
3405:CIA 1999
2360:(1943).
2143:See also
2057:
2037:
2017:
2009:Motor-HJ
1997:
1983:hellblau
1977:
1959:
1935:
1801:Corporal
1766:Sergeant
1645:Leutnant
1181:HJ Rank
1098:Cold War
1004:and the
820:Doctrine
379:de facto
183:Location
30:For the
7196:Related
7014:Culture
6781:Poland
6747:Norway
6518:Gestapo
6126:Economy
6093:Related
6085:Economy
5921:Germany
5919:Outside
5861:Schmitt
5746:Lammers
5726:Himmler
5696:Drexler
5686:Daluege
5681:Bormann
5507:New Man
5284:Pogroms
5269:Ghettos
5103:History
4435:History
3666:Penguin
1969:hochrot
1964:Scarlet
1940:Carmine
1915:Private
1582:Captain
1460:Colonel
1280:General
929:bombing
638:diploma
612:, 1933.
439:Bavaria
402:Origins
394:of the
390:of the
351:Germany
152:Purpose
146:illegal
142:Defunct
118: (
103: (
7223:Hippie
7135:People
7084:Groups
6766:Italy
6658:Legion
6114:Cinema
6095:topics
6080:Cinema
5851:Müller
5821:Eckart
5741:Göring
5731:Hitler
5691:Dönitz
5537:Racism
5490:Racial
5428:Heimat
5037:NSDStB
4981:Nazism
4477:Nazism
4427:(1945)
4405:Leader
4341:
4316:
4304:Hitler
4289:
4253:
4214:
4182:
4155:
4136:
4117:
4098:
4079:
4052:
4033:
3983:
3964:
3945:
3926:
3907:
3888:
3869:
3850:
3827:
3802:
3781:
3762:
3741:
3718:
3695:
3672:
3649:
3622:
3594:
3586:
3567:Osiris
3519:
3500:
3479:
3447:
1962:
1954:staffs
1938:
1908:Soldat
1453:Oberst
1168:Sowilo
1159:woggle
618:Aryans
610:Berlin
502:Plauen
435:Munich
308:German
225:Leader
219:German
204:(1940)
177:Berlin
7147:Fidus
7035:Kohte
6929:Flags
6722:DNSAP
6643:Speer
6174:Women
6019:Lists
6007:More…
5826:Feder
5811:Darré
5766:Speer
5711:Frick
5706:Frank
5500:Ultra
5485:Ethno
5032:NSDÄB
4268:[
4011:[
3998:[
3842:[
3592:S2CID
3545:(PDF)
3538:(PDF)
2248:film
1530:Major
1523:Major
1163:beret
1086:marks
830:Slavs
810:China
173:]
6941:Heer
6939:and
6877:Heer
6810:RONA
6625:RMBO
6320:Heer
6248:Heer
5816:Devi
5756:Röhm
5716:Hess
5092:(SS)
5082:(SA)
5052:NSKK
5047:NSFK
5042:NSRL
4865:) /
4339:ISBN
4314:ISBN
4287:ISBN
4251:ISBN
4212:ISBN
4180:ISBN
4153:ISBN
4134:ISBN
4115:ISBN
4096:ISBN
4077:ISBN
4050:ISBN
4031:ISBN
3981:ISBN
3962:ISBN
3943:ISBN
3924:ISBN
3905:ISBN
3886:ISBN
3867:ISBN
3848:ISBN
3825:ISBN
3800:ISBN
3779:ISBN
3760:ISBN
3739:ISBN
3716:ISBN
3693:ISBN
3670:ISBN
3647:ISBN
3620:ISBN
3603:2022
3584:PMID
3553:2018
3517:ISBN
3498:ISBN
3477:ISBN
3445:ISBN
2063:weiß
2043:grün
2023:gelb
2003:rosa
1871:None
1425:None
1420:None
1172:rune
1104:and
1102:West
986:Caen
302:The
128:Type
6104:Art
5057:NSF
3576:doi
3531:CIA
2324:or
2293:).
966:of
887:OKW
608:in
511:'s
349:in
7285::
6897:SA
6409:SA
6278:DJ
6273:SA
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4563:SS
4497:SA
4337:.
4312:.
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4075:.
3823:.
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3590:.
3582:.
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3570:.
3564:.
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3073:^
3056:^
2993:^
2798:^
2687:^
2550:^
2511:^
2424:^
2397:^
2287:HJ
2265:HJ
846:c.
555:.
437:,
331:,
329:HJ
310::
175:,
171:de
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