218:
531:
719:
43:
394:
189:
542:. The valley's natural caves, being comfortless, scattered, and difficult to access, provided monks and hermits sufficiently isolated and inhospitable conditions to live out Christian solitude, contemplation, and devotion. Many of the caves and irregularities in the cliff-sides were adapted to serve as individual dwellings (cells), chapels, and monasteries, and such buildings were further carved out of the cliff faces of the valley. Some have interiors covered with frescoes and facades. Around the caves there are terraced fields made by the hermits for growing grain, grapes, and olives.
159:
1979:
652:
1792:
1382:
1483:
1228:
631:. The hermitage appears to have been located on a wide platform at mid-level, where there is a water reservoir fed by channels. The upper level, only accessible by ladder, is a cave some 47m long, where the wealth of medieval pottery and arrowheads that have been found suggests its use as a refuge. Traces of fortifications have also been found in the Aassi Hauqqa (cave) at 1170m altitude. Archaeological finds show that this cave was in use in
578:
386:
196:
166:
872:
455:
in the 15th century and remained so for 500 years. In the 17th century, the
Maronite monks’ reputation for piety was promoted through the Maronite school founded in Rome in 1584. by dint of this exposure, many European poets, historians, geographers, politicians, and clergy visited and even settled
417:
periods. Since the early days of
Christianity the valley has served as a refuge for those in search of solitude. Historians believe that monastic communities have been continuously present since then. It has also been a destination for Muslim mystics, or
604:, though the earliest documentary records date back only to around 1000 AD. It was destroyed in the 16th century but quickly restored. It comprises a corridor, meeting room, and chapel, with a mill and a number of hermitages cut into the rock nearby.
308:
The valley is at risk due to the encroachment of human settlement, illegal building, and inconsistent conservation activity. Although it is not on the UNESCO "in danger" list, there have been warnings that continued violations may lead to this step.
353:, the most highly prized building materials of the ancient world. The forest is said to contain 375 individual trees, two claimed to be over 3,000 years old, ten over 1,000 years old, and the remainder at least centuries old. The Lebanon Cedar (
738:
Other monastic establishments in the
Qadisha are the Monastery of Mar Girgis, with the Chapel of Mar Challita, the Monastery of Mar Yuhanna, the Monastery of Mar Abun, with the Hermitage of Mar Sarkis, and the Monastery of Mart Moura,
561:
in 375AD, it is more likely that it was established by a disciple of St
Theodosius the Cenobite. For the most part it is cut into the rock cliff side - monastic cells, church, cloister, and accommodation for travelers.
325:. The sides of the valley are steep cliffs that contain many caves, often at more than 1,000 m and all difficult of access. The most scenic section of the valley stretches for approximately 20 km between
451:
led campaigns in 1268 and 1283, respectively, against the fortress-caves, monasteries, and the surrounding villages. Despite these attacks, the Deir
Qannubin monastery was to become the seat of the
432:
established their new center at
Qannubin, in the heart of the Qadisha, and monasteries quickly spread over the surrounding hills. Early Maronite settlement in the valley combined both community and
750:
Valley (Ouadi Houlat). They include the hermitage-monastery complexes of Deir es-Salib, Mar
Antonios, Mar Semaane, and Mar Assia, along with the isolated chapels of Mar Bohna and Mar Chmouna.
627:
Saydet Hawqa is situated at an altitude of 1150m between
Qannubin and Qozhaya Monasteries, at the base of an enormous cave. It was founded in the late 13th century by villagers from
1154:
1017:
Abi Aoun B., Baroudy F., Ghaouch A. Khawaja P and alias Momies du Liban: Rapport préliminaire sur la découverte archaéologique de 'Asi-al-Hadat (XIIIe siècle), France, Édifra, 1994
950:
589:(Deir Mar Antonios Qozhaya (دير مارانطﻮنيوﺱ ﻗﺰحيا)) sits on the opposite flank of the Qadisha from Qannubin Monastery. Tradition has its foundation in the 4th century by
1968:
522:
because of its importance as the site of some of the earliest
Christian monastic settlements in the world, and its continued example of Christian faith.
726:
Mar Lishaa or St Elisha (دير مار ﺃليشع), mentioned first in the 14th century, is shared by two communities, a
Maronite solitary order and the Barefoot
188:
1122:"The Maronite Monastery of St. Anthony at Qozhaya Issues the Qozhaya Psalter, the First Book Printed in the Arab World : History of Information"
1356:
506:
scientific organisation in the Qadisha Valley between 1989 and 1991. These were found in the 'Asi-al Hadath cave along with a wealth of artifacts.
730:
order. It consists of three or four small cells, a refectory, and some offices; the communal church includes four chapels cut into the rock-face.
706:. Next to it, another church dedicated to Our Lady was constructed in 1198 A.D. Several buildings were added from 1404 till 1690, when Patriarch
1920:
1961:
691:
as it is in the vicinity of the Mar Sarkis source, the main contributor to the Qlaynsieh River which joins the Qannubin River in the valley.
498:
of villagers dating back to around 1283 A.D. were uncovered by Fadi Baroudy, Pierre Abi Aoun, Paul Kahawaja & Antoine Ghaouch, a team of
1185:
557:(Deir Qannubin (دير قنوبين)), is on the northeast side of the Qadisha Valley. Although its foundation is often attributed to the Emperor
120:
1472:
1217:
607:
The monastery is also home to the first printing press of the Middle East that was invented in 1610. The book printed was a bilingual
2048:
1954:
2022:
158:
1002:
452:
675:
and Hadath El Jebbeh. Given its exceptional location overlooking the valley at an altitude of 1500m, the monastery is called
1175:
349:
Kadisha Valley lies west of the Forest of the Cedars of God, (situated on the mountain above), survivors of the ancient
1170:
1450:
1195:
1073:
321:, Nahr Qadisha, runs through the valley for 35 km from its source in a cave (grotto) a little way below the
50:
1098:"Qadisha Valley in Lebanon: The Forest of the Cedars of God (horsh arz el-rab), Ouadi Qadisha (The Holy Valley)"
1465:
1210:
1149:
217:
1134:
81:
530:
113:
305:
communities for many centuries. The valley is located at the foot of Mount al-Makmal in northern Lebanon.
2053:
718:
1165:
538:
The Kadisha (Holy) Valley is the site of some of the most ancient Christian monastic communities of the
42:
680:
32:
2068:
2063:
2058:
1458:
1203:
2073:
611:
in a small folio of 260 pages. The psalms are arranged in two columns, on the right is the text in
105:
911:
393:
357:) is described in ancient works on botany as the oldest tree in the world. It was admired by the
1902:
545:
While there are numerous monasteries in the valley, there are several main monastic complexes:
373:. Historical sources report that the cedar forests were beginning to disappear at the time of
239:
1027:
1839:
1045:
871:
461:
1482:
1227:
8:
1982:
1889:
1884:
1861:
1439:
1121:
695:
519:
362:
983:"Ouadi Qadisha (the Holy Valley) and the Forest of the Cedars of God (Horsh Arz el-Rab)"
912:"Ouadi Qadisha (the Holy Valley) and the Forest of the Cedars of God (Horsh Arz el-Rab)"
1946:
1097:
699:
1871:
1866:
1818:
1721:
1490:
1480:
1351:
1235:
1225:
860:
660:
601:
271:
55:
999:
401:
Qadisha Valley's natural caves have been used as shelters and for burials since the
19:"Holy Valley" redirects here. For another place sometimes called “Holy Valley”, see
1930:
1701:
1486:
1331:
1231:
883:
821:
808:
761:
707:
489:
291:
287:
267:
263:
1935:
1907:
1726:
1716:
1601:
1006:
852:
612:
473:
469:
255:
231:
1997:
1925:
1844:
1776:
1751:
1621:
1541:
1316:
1291:
1876:
2042:
2027:
2016:
1978:
1915:
1823:
1651:
1586:
1536:
1531:
1434:
1429:
1408:
1403:
1346:
1266:
828:
672:
651:
566:
366:
350:
334:
322:
279:
135:
122:
70:
1791:
1381:
615:
and on the left in Arabic, but written in Syriac letters, which is known as
1897:
776:
636:
558:
410:
299:
20:
1696:
1286:
1281:
963:
792:
640:
632:
539:
457:
414:
402:
374:
302:
94:
1028:"Asi l Hadath - Fortified Cave - GERSL : Speleology : Lebanon"
1706:
1676:
1671:
1666:
1626:
1576:
1571:
1521:
1413:
1276:
844:
812:
554:
499:
409:, has yielded archaeological items indicating use in the Palaeolithic,
358:
318:
1160:
385:
1711:
1691:
1686:
1566:
1561:
1301:
982:
836:
788:
727:
668:
597:
594:
426:
370:
933:
1756:
1731:
1616:
796:
616:
590:
1190:
1074:"St Lichaa Monatery to Qannoubine Monastery Explore Lebanon Tours"
951:
UNESCO Threatens to Remove Qadisha Valley from World Heritage List
577:
2002:
1986:
1813:
1781:
1761:
1746:
1741:
1736:
1681:
1661:
1656:
1646:
1631:
1591:
1581:
1546:
1501:
1366:
1341:
1336:
1311:
1296:
1261:
1246:
934:"UNESCO World Heritage Centre - List of World Heritage in Danger"
856:
804:
800:
784:
768:
747:
608:
586:
448:
444:
326:
275:
221:
74:
59:
2007:
1771:
1766:
1596:
1556:
1551:
1516:
1371:
1326:
1321:
1306:
1271:
848:
780:
772:
515:
503:
477:
476:
characters. Also this printing press was the first to print in
465:
464:
in the Kadisha Valley, and in 1610 printed its first book, the
440:
433:
419:
1641:
1636:
1611:
1606:
1526:
840:
832:
740:
703:
664:
628:
495:
406:
1361:
429:
964:"Ouadi Qadisha (the Holy Valley) and the Forest of Cedars"
1976:
698:
was built in the mid 8th Century A.D. on the ruins of a
565:
Since the fifteenth century, Qannubin started to be the
1135:
Patriarch Estephan Douaihy on Ehden Family Tree website
746:
There is another group of monasteries in the adjoining
1180:
572:
722:
The monastery of Mar Elisha is perched on the cliff.
405:
period. The Aassi Hauqqa (cave) in particular, near
753:
622:
2040:
1157:(includes a brochure with photo gallery and map)
905:
903:
901:
899:
456:in the Valley. The first printing press in the
655:Monastery of Saints Sarkis & Bakhos, Ehden
1962:
1466:
1211:
896:
361:, who brought it to their land to build the
702:temple dedicated to a god of agriculture -
1969:
1955:
1473:
1459:
1218:
1204:
713:
646:
41:
294:, and the valley is sometimes called the
2023:Rachid Karami International Fair–Tripoli
2015:(the Holy Valley) and the Forest of the
717:
650:
576:
529:
525:
392:
384:
216:
69:Ouadi Qadisha (the Holy Valley) and the
1176:Unofficial site about Zgharta and Ehden
1161:Mar Antonios Qozhaya Maronite Monastery
944:
683:(Saints Sergius and Bacchus). The name
389:One of the caves in the Qadisha Valley.
2041:
1186:Wadi Qannoubine, Kadisha Valley in 360
1032:GERSL : Speleology : Lebanon
694:The first church of Saints Sarkis and
509:
203:Kadisha Valley (West and Central Asia)
195:
165:
1950:
1454:
1199:
1068:
1066:
925:
663:, also called Ras Al Nahr, overlooks
548:
174:Location of Kadisha Valley in Lebanon
733:
861:Monastery of Mar Sarkis Ras Al Nahr
534:Cross near the Monastery of Qozhaya
338:
330:
262:), is a gorge that lies within the
235:
13:
1790:
1380:
1063:
980:
931:
909:
573:Monastery of St Anthony of Qozhaya
483:
16:Valley in North Governate, Lebanon
14:
2085:
1143:
206:Show map of West and Central Asia
1977:
1481:
1226:
870:
754:Towns, villages, and monasteries
710:restored part of the buildings.
581:Monastery of Qozhaya - July 2003
518:added the valley to the list of
344:
194:
187:
164:
157:
2049:World Heritage Sites in Lebanon
1128:
1114:
1090:
981:Centre, UNESCO World Heritage.
932:Centre, UNESCO World Heritage.
910:Centre, UNESCO World Heritage.
278:. The valley was carved by the
1038:
1020:
1011:
993:
974:
956:
623:Monastery of Our Lady of Hawqa
1:
1181:Unofficial site about Bsharri
889:
494:Eight well preserved natural
1155:Destination Lebanon: Qadisha
968:UNESCO World Heritage Centre
312:
7:
1166:Horsh Ehden Natural Reserve
953:Nahar Net, 20 May 10, 08:03
877:
677:the Watchful Eye of Qadisha
569:of the Maronite Patriarch.
460:was founded in 1585 at the
323:Forest of the Cedars of God
71:Forest of the Cedars of God
10:
2090:
1171:Zgharta-Ehden Municipality
487:
380:
290:. Kadisha means "Holy" in
34:UNESCO World Heritage Site
18:
1993:
1853:
1832:
1801:
1788:
1509:
1497:
1422:
1391:
1378:
1254:
1242:
151:
112:
100:
90:
80:
65:
49:
40:
31:
1102:www.encounterstravel.com
681:Saints Sarkis and Bakhos
86:Cultural: (iii)(iv)
1894:Rvd. Seemaan El Douaihy
813:Monastery of Qannoubine
714:Monastery of Mar Lishaa
661:Monastery of Mar Sarkis
647:Monastery of Mar Sarkis
377:in the 6th century AD.
1903:Suleiman Frangieh, Jr.
1795:
1385:
865:
723:
656:
582:
535:
398:
397:Hadchit cliffs, caves.
390:
337:, and Tourza (Arabic:
259:
246:and also known as the
224:
1794:
1384:
815:, Monastery of Hawqa
721:
679:. It is dedicated to
654:
580:
533:
526:Christian monasticism
396:
388:
220:
1983:World Heritage Sites
1840:History of Kfarsghab
1814:Monastery of Qozhaya
1050:La Maison des Cèdres
857:Monastery of Qozhaya
689:the top of the river
602:St Anthony the Great
587:Monastery of Qozhaya
559:Theodosius the Great
520:World Heritage Sites
462:Monastery of Qozhaya
282:, also known as the
1912:Estephan El Douaihy
1890:Youssef Salim Karam
1862:Estephan El Douaihy
1440:Anthony Peter Arida
593:, in honour of the
510:World Heritage Site
333:), the hometown of
298:. It has sheltered
178:Show map of Lebanon
132: /
73:(Horsh Arz el-Rab)
28:
2054:Valleys of Lebanon
2019:(Horsh Arz el-Rab)
1796:
1510:Towns and villages
1386:
1255:Towns and villages
1034:. 6 December 1989.
1005:2008-03-16 at the
1000:History of Lebanon
724:
657:
583:
555:Qannubin Monastery
549:Qannubin Monastery
536:
453:Maronite Patriarch
422:seeking solitude.
399:
391:
225:
26:
2036:
2035:
1944:
1943:
1872:Suleiman Frangieh
1867:Youssef Bey Karam
1819:Mar Sarkis, Ehden
1802:Notable landmarks
1722:Mazraat Al Toufah
1491:North Governorate
1448:
1447:
1392:Notable landmarks
1352:Mazraat Bani Saab
1236:North Governorate
1191:Ehden Family Tree
734:Other monasteries
351:Cedars of Lebanon
272:North Governorate
270:Districts of the
215:
214:
136:34.250°N 35.950°E
56:North Governorate
2081:
2069:Bsharri District
2064:Zgharta District
2059:Wadis of Lebanon
1981:
1971:
1964:
1957:
1948:
1947:
1931:Youakim Moubarac
1487:Zgharta District
1485:
1475:
1468:
1461:
1452:
1451:
1332:Hadath El Jebbeh
1232:Bsharri District
1230:
1220:
1213:
1206:
1197:
1196:
1137:
1132:
1126:
1125:
1118:
1112:
1111:
1109:
1108:
1094:
1088:
1087:
1085:
1084:
1070:
1061:
1060:
1058:
1057:
1046:"Kadisha Valley"
1042:
1036:
1035:
1024:
1018:
1015:
1009:
997:
991:
990:
978:
972:
971:
960:
954:
948:
942:
941:
929:
923:
922:
916:
907:
884:Maronite mummies
874:
822:Zgharta District
762:Bsharri District
708:Estephan Douaihy
490:Maronite mummies
340:
332:
286:when it reaches
237:
207:
198:
197:
191:
179:
168:
167:
161:
147:
146:
144:
143:
142:
137:
133:
130:
129:
128:
125:
45:
35:
29:
25:
2089:
2088:
2084:
2083:
2082:
2080:
2079:
2078:
2074:Cliff dwellings
2039:
2038:
2037:
2032:
1989:
1975:
1945:
1940:
1936:Marie al-Khazen
1908:Salim Bey Karam
1881:Anis Bey Moawad
1849:
1828:
1797:
1786:
1727:Mazraat Hraikis
1717:Mazraat Al Nahr
1505:
1493:
1479:
1449:
1444:
1418:
1387:
1376:
1250:
1238:
1224:
1146:
1141:
1140:
1133:
1129:
1120:
1119:
1115:
1106:
1104:
1096:
1095:
1091:
1082:
1080:
1078:Explore Lebanon
1072:
1071:
1064:
1055:
1053:
1044:
1043:
1039:
1026:
1025:
1021:
1016:
1012:
1007:Wayback Machine
998:
994:
979:
975:
970:. Jan 22, 1997.
962:
961:
957:
949:
945:
930:
926:
914:
908:
897:
892:
880:
868:
855:, Beit Balais,
853:Mazraat En Nahr
756:
736:
716:
649:
625:
575:
551:
528:
512:
492:
486:
484:Qadisha mummies
470:Syriac language
383:
378:
347:
315:
211:
210:
209:
208:
205:
204:
201:
200:
199:
182:
181:
180:
177:
176:
175:
171:
170:
169:
140:
138:
134:
131:
126:
123:
121:
119:
118:
33:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2087:
2077:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2034:
2033:
2031:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1994:
1991:
1990:
1974:
1973:
1966:
1959:
1951:
1942:
1941:
1939:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1926:Samir Frangieh
1923:
1918:
1913:
1910:
1905:
1900:
1895:
1892:
1887:
1885:Hamid Frangieh
1882:
1879:
1874:
1869:
1864:
1857:
1855:
1854:Notable people
1851:
1850:
1848:
1847:
1845:Ehden massacre
1842:
1836:
1834:
1830:
1829:
1827:
1826:
1821:
1816:
1811:
1809:Kadisha Valley
1805:
1803:
1799:
1798:
1789:
1787:
1785:
1784:
1779:
1774:
1769:
1764:
1759:
1754:
1752:Morh Kfarsghab
1749:
1744:
1739:
1734:
1729:
1724:
1719:
1714:
1709:
1704:
1699:
1694:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1674:
1669:
1664:
1659:
1654:
1649:
1644:
1639:
1634:
1629:
1624:
1622:Haret Al Fawar
1619:
1614:
1609:
1604:
1599:
1594:
1589:
1584:
1579:
1574:
1569:
1564:
1559:
1554:
1549:
1544:
1539:
1534:
1529:
1524:
1519:
1513:
1511:
1507:
1506:
1498:
1495:
1494:
1478:
1477:
1470:
1463:
1455:
1446:
1445:
1443:
1442:
1437:
1432:
1426:
1424:
1423:Notable people
1420:
1419:
1417:
1416:
1411:
1406:
1401:
1399:Kadisha Valley
1395:
1393:
1389:
1388:
1379:
1377:
1375:
1374:
1369:
1364:
1359:
1357:Moghr El Ahwal
1354:
1349:
1344:
1339:
1334:
1329:
1324:
1319:
1314:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1289:
1284:
1279:
1274:
1269:
1264:
1258:
1256:
1252:
1251:
1243:
1240:
1239:
1223:
1222:
1215:
1208:
1200:
1194:
1193:
1188:
1183:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1163:
1158:
1152:
1145:
1144:External links
1142:
1139:
1138:
1127:
1113:
1089:
1062:
1037:
1019:
1010:
992:
987:whc.unesco.org
973:
955:
943:
938:whc.unesco.org
924:
919:whc.unesco.org
894:
893:
891:
888:
887:
886:
879:
876:
867:
864:
851:, El Fradiss,
826:
825:
766:
765:
755:
752:
735:
732:
715:
712:
648:
645:
641:Medieval times
624:
621:
574:
571:
550:
547:
527:
524:
511:
508:
488:Main article:
485:
482:
466:Book of Psalms
382:
379:
348:
346:
343:
314:
311:
244:Qadisha Valley
228:Kadisha Valley
213:
212:
202:
193:
192:
186:
185:
184:
183:
173:
172:
163:
162:
156:
155:
154:
153:
152:
149:
148:
141:34.250; 35.950
116:
110:
109:
102:
98:
97:
92:
88:
87:
84:
78:
77:
67:
63:
62:
53:
47:
46:
38:
37:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2086:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2046:
2044:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2018:
2017:Cedars of God
2014:
2013:Ouadi Qadisha
2011:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1995:
1992:
1988:
1984:
1980:
1972:
1967:
1965:
1960:
1958:
1953:
1952:
1949:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1916:Tony Frangieh
1914:
1911:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1888:
1886:
1883:
1880:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1865:
1863:
1859:
1858:
1856:
1852:
1846:
1843:
1841:
1838:
1837:
1835:
1831:
1825:
1824:Iaal Fortress
1822:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1806:
1804:
1800:
1793:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1763:
1760:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1710:
1708:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1680:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1665:
1663:
1660:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1638:
1635:
1633:
1630:
1628:
1625:
1623:
1620:
1618:
1615:
1613:
1610:
1608:
1605:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1587:Bhairet Toula
1585:
1583:
1580:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1570:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1560:
1558:
1555:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1545:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1537:Arbet Kozhaya
1535:
1533:
1530:
1528:
1525:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1515:
1514:
1512:
1508:
1504:
1503:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1476:
1471:
1469:
1464:
1462:
1457:
1456:
1453:
1441:
1438:
1436:
1435:Khalil Gibran
1433:
1431:
1430:Saint Charbel
1428:
1427:
1425:
1421:
1415:
1412:
1410:
1409:Gibran Museum
1407:
1405:
1404:Cedars of God
1402:
1400:
1397:
1396:
1394:
1390:
1383:
1373:
1370:
1368:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1350:
1348:
1347:Mazraat Assaf
1345:
1343:
1340:
1338:
1335:
1333:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1313:
1310:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1288:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1278:
1275:
1273:
1270:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1259:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1248:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1221:
1216:
1214:
1209:
1207:
1202:
1201:
1198:
1192:
1189:
1187:
1184:
1182:
1179:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1164:
1162:
1159:
1156:
1153:
1151:
1148:
1147:
1136:
1131:
1123:
1117:
1103:
1099:
1093:
1079:
1075:
1069:
1067:
1051:
1047:
1041:
1033:
1029:
1023:
1014:
1008:
1004:
1001:
996:
988:
984:
977:
969:
965:
959:
952:
947:
939:
935:
928:
920:
913:
906:
904:
902:
900:
895:
885:
882:
881:
875:
873:
863:
862:
858:
854:
850:
846:
842:
838:
834:
830:
829:Arbet Qozhaya
824:
823:
818:
817:
816:
814:
810:
806:
802:
798:
794:
790:
786:
782:
778:
774:
770:
764:
763:
758:
757:
751:
749:
744:
742:
731:
729:
720:
711:
709:
705:
701:
697:
692:
690:
686:
682:
678:
674:
670:
666:
662:
653:
644:
642:
638:
634:
630:
620:
618:
614:
610:
605:
603:
599:
596:
592:
588:
579:
570:
568:
563:
560:
556:
546:
543:
541:
532:
523:
521:
517:
507:
505:
501:
500:speleologists
497:
491:
481:
479:
475:
471:
467:
463:
459:
454:
450:
446:
442:
437:
435:
431:
428:
423:
421:
416:
412:
408:
404:
395:
387:
376:
372:
368:
364:
360:
356:
355:Cedrus Libani
352:
345:Cedars of God
342:
336:
335:Kahlil Gibran
328:
324:
320:
310:
306:
304:
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
280:Kadisha River
277:
273:
269:
265:
261:
260:Ouadi Qadisha
257:
253:
249:
248:Kadisha Gorge
245:
241:
233:
229:
223:
219:
190:
160:
150:
145:
117:
115:
111:
107:
103:
99:
96:
93:
89:
85:
83:
79:
76:
72:
68:
64:
61:
57:
54:
52:
48:
44:
39:
36:
30:
27:Ouadi Qadisha
22:
2012:
1921:Jawad Boulos
1898:Nayla Moawad
1808:
1632:Harf Miziara
1500:
1398:
1245:
1130:
1116:
1105:. Retrieved
1101:
1092:
1081:. Retrieved
1077:
1054:. Retrieved
1052:. 2021-12-14
1049:
1040:
1031:
1022:
1013:
995:
986:
976:
967:
958:
946:
937:
927:
918:
869:
827:
819:
767:
759:
745:
743:and others.
737:
725:
693:
688:
684:
676:
658:
633:Palaeolithic
626:
606:
584:
564:
552:
544:
537:
513:
493:
438:
424:
403:Palaeolithic
400:
354:
316:
307:
295:
284:Nahr Abu Ali
283:
252:Wadi Kadisha
251:
247:
243:
227:
226:
21:Rieti Valley
1877:René Moawad
1697:Kfarshakhna
1287:Bekaa Kafra
1282:Beit Minzer
1150:Qadisha.org
787:, Bazaoun,
685:Ras Al Nahr
591:St Hilarion
540:Middle East
458:Middle East
369:temples in
296:Holy Valley
236:وادي قاديشا
139: /
114:Coordinates
104:1998 (22nd
101:Inscription
2043:Categories
1860:Patriarch
1707:Kfaryachit
1677:Kfardlakos
1672:Karmsaddeh
1667:Karahbache
1627:Harf Ardeh
1577:Beit Obeid
1572:Beit Awkar
1522:Aintourine
1414:Qannoubine
1277:Barhalyoun
1107:2024-08-12
1083:2024-08-12
1056:2024-08-12
890:References
845:Aintourine
793:Bqaa Kafra
472:. It used
359:Israelites
319:holy river
1712:Kfarzeina
1692:Kfarsghab
1687:Kfarhawra
1567:Bchennine
1562:Basloukit
1499:Capital:
1302:Bqarqacha
1244:Capital:
837:Kfarsghab
789:Bqarqacha
728:Carmelite
700:Canaanite
669:Kfarsghab
598:anchorite
514:In 1998,
502:from the
480:language
375:Justinian
371:Jerusalem
329:(Arabic:
313:Geography
300:Christian
240:romanized
91:Reference
1757:Rachiine
1732:Mejdlaya
1702:Kfarhata
1647:Houmeiss
1617:Fraydiss
1003:Archived
878:See also
797:Braissat
617:Garshuni
595:Egyptian
443:sultans
434:eremitic
427:Maronite
415:medieval
365:and the
303:monastic
238:), also
82:Criteria
51:Location
2003:Baalbek
1987:Lebanon
1833:History
1782:Zgharta
1762:Raskifa
1742:Miziara
1737:Miriata
1682:Kfarfou
1662:Kadrieh
1657:Jdaydeh
1592:Bnachii
1582:Besbeel
1547:Ashashe
1502:Zgharta
1367:Qnaywer
1342:Hasroun
1337:Hadchit
1312:Bsharri
1297:Blaouza
1262:Aabdine
1247:Bsharri
805:Blaouza
801:Hadchit
785:Hasroun
769:Bsharri
748:Hadchit
609:Psalter
496:mummies
468:in the
449:Qalaoun
445:Baibars
441:Mameluk
381:History
327:Bsharri
292:Aramaic
288:Tripoli
276:Lebanon
268:Zgharta
264:Bsharri
242:as the
222:Bsharri
127:35°57′E
124:34°15′N
106:Session
95:850-001
75:Bsharri
66:Part of
60:Lebanon
2008:Byblos
1772:Sereel
1767:Sebhel
1747:Sakhra
1602:Daraya
1597:Bousit
1557:Asnoun
1552:Aslout
1517:Aarjes
1372:Tourza
1327:El-Arz
1322:Dimane
1307:Brisat
1272:Bazoun
849:Sereel
809:Hadath
781:Tourza
773:Dimane
696:Bakhos
687:means
639:, and
613:Syriac
516:UNESCO
478:Arabic
474:Syriac
436:life.
413:, and
367:Second
256:French
232:Arabic
1998:Anjar
1777:Toula
1642:Hilan
1637:Hawqa
1612:Ejbeh
1607:Ehden
1542:Ardeh
1527:Aitou
1317:Chira
1292:Billa
915:(PDF)
841:Hawqa
833:Ehden
741:Ehden
704:Dagan
665:Ehden
637:Roman
629:Hawqa
504:GERSL
430:monks
420:Sufis
411:Roman
407:Hawqa
363:First
339:طورزا
2028:Tyre
1652:Iaal
1532:Alma
1362:Qnat
1267:Bane
777:Bane
673:Bane
659:The
585:The
553:The
447:and
439:The
425:The
331:بشري
317:The
266:and
1985:in
866:Map
820:In
760:In
567:See
341:).
274:of
250:or
2045::
1489:,
1234:,
1100:.
1076:.
1065:^
1048:.
1030:.
985:.
966:.
936:.
917:.
898:^
859:,
847:,
843:,
839:,
835:,
831:,
811:,
807:,
803:,
799:,
795:,
791:,
783:,
779:,
775:,
771:,
671:,
667:,
643:.
635:,
619:.
600:,
258::
234::
58:,
1970:e
1963:t
1956:v
1474:e
1467:t
1460:v
1219:e
1212:t
1205:v
1124:.
1110:.
1086:.
1059:.
989:.
940:.
921:.
254:(
230:(
108:)
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
_village,_Kadisha_Valley,_Lebanon.jpg)