413:
smaller rightist alternatives. Meanwhile, the country suffered through increasing socio-political strife, as conflicts between leftist and rightist groups turned increasingly violent. Since
Demirel symbolized a pro-Western capitalist current in the Turkish establishment, he became an easy target for both the far left and the religious right. The party was still able to win the 1969 elections, carrying 256 seats with around 46.5% of the vote, but the overall situation grew increasingly chaotic. The near-constant street violence escalated, threatening the Turkish economy and ultimately provoking the military to intervene once again in 1971. With the power once again firmly in its hands, the military forced Demirel to resign.
1546:
923:
373:, a doctor by training, had become acting party president following Gümüşpala's death, and initially emerged as the favorite for the position. But the Turkish press tarnished Bilgiç's reputation, accusing him of political and religious conservatism. Party leaders soon started to worry that he would ruin the party's image with the Turkish intelligentsia and, more importantly, the army. Indeed, the military head of state,
651:
601:
565:
529:
365:
would also help to give the military a somewhat more favorable view of the
Justice Party. In this political climate, the 1963 nationwide local elections gained increased importance, and eventually came to be seen as a political referendum on the newly established parties. The Justice Party ultimately
412:
The
Justice Party's good fortune, however, did not last for long. The small Anatolian enterprises that had formed a key part of the party's constituency couldn't compete with the Istanbul area's large, modern corporations. These entrepreneurs felt betrayed, and defected from the Justice Party to
396:
majority government with 240 seats. The party had achieved this result by appealing to small-holder peasants emerging from poverty, small commercial and industrial groups as well as the newly rich farmers; it performed most strongly in the relatively rich western provinces of Turkey, along the
395:
Once firmly in charge, Demirel began his assault on İnönü's fragile coalition, making sure it failed to win a vote of confidence in early 1965. Parliamentary bickering finally led to the triumphant 1965 elections, in which the
Justice Party received nearly 53% of the vote and promptly formed a
345:, the two post-Democrat parties combined to win a very impressive 48.5% of the vote, 34.8% of which went to the Justice Party alone. The ruling generals, however, would not allow for a neo-Democrat government to replace the old order they had brought down. Instead they asked
416:
The
Justice Party was not able to win the elections held in 1973 and 1977, but Demirel was able to serve as prime minister three more times between 1975 and 1980, albeit with coalition partners. On 12 September 1980, the military once again staged a
361:İnönü's various coalitions would form the government until 1964, but in the meantime the Justice Party continued to grow, steadily gaining votes at the expense of the smaller post-Democrat parties. The Republican People's Party eventual turn towards
329:
migrants into the party's fold. A number of parties soon emerged to reclaim this newly partyless
Democrat voting bloc. The Justice Party was one of these neo-Democratic parties, first established by retired general
404:. This Justice Party victory was simultaneously a historical loss for the Republican People's Party, which suffered the worst defeat in its political history so far by winning only 134 seats and 29% of the vote.
369:
With its popular appeal well established, the
Justice Party turned to issues of leadership. Gümüşpala died in 1964, and questions soon emerged over who would succeed him as the party's leader.
325:
organization that this party had left behind. Democrat Party officials were based in many of the squatter neighborhoods in Turkey's larger cities, and would quickly incorporate newly arrived
388:
and then worked in a US multinational construction company. He appealed to the party's base of newly urbanized rural migrants, who could identify with his modest beginnings and status as a
337:
The
Justice Party quickly proved the most successful in consolidating the existing Democrat Party provincial organizations, particularly in the western regions of the country. The
1689:
1403:
911:
1531:
1397:
1844:
68:
1421:
1987:
1967:
1899:
889:
421:, and this time banned Demirel and the Justice Party from the country's politics. After an extended pause, the party eventually reemerged as the
1509:
1977:
1972:
1204:
392:. At the Justice Party's national convention in December 1964, Demirel ultimately defeated Bilgiç for the party's general-president post.
1962:
904:
1992:
1210:
879:
1849:
1584:
380:
Demirel came from a modest village background, and climbed up the social latter by the way of his education. He had studied in the
1524:
366:
emerged as a triumphant winner, winning around 46% of the vote and establishing itself as the most popular party in the country.
1997:
1982:
1572:
1329:
1309:
974:
1884:
1834:
1829:
1764:
1174:
1150:
897:
1276:
1931:
1298:
927:
118:
1540:
1216:
1099:
1081:
258:
221:
1794:
1709:
1620:
1517:
1264:
886:
Sherwood, W.B. (1955). "The Rise of the
Justice Party in Turkey". World Politics, Vol. 20, No. 1 (Oct., 1967), pp 54–65
1789:
1561:
1192:
1051:
968:
429:
277:, the Justice Party was suppressed in the immediate aftermath of the coup. It was subsequently re-established as the
266:
698:
1874:
1632:
1469:
1321:
962:
919:
1957:
1539:
980:
1704:
1650:
1222:
1016:
418:
314:
1759:
626:
576:
540:
504:
467:
342:
318:
1879:
1774:
1719:
1714:
1699:
1679:
1608:
1578:
1010:
494:
350:
154:
20:
1454:
1804:
1729:
1240:
1156:
1105:
1075:
1069:
950:
270:
1869:
1819:
1590:
1033:
1004:
662:
614:
1894:
1854:
1366:
1198:
1186:
1138:
1063:
986:
618:
331:
132:
78:
48:
1859:
1824:
1799:
1779:
1769:
1638:
1291:
1117:
1093:
992:
956:
658:
610:
1814:
1809:
1754:
1180:
1168:
1162:
1144:
1127:
1122:
338:
1904:
1889:
1444:
1057:
385:
1485:
1409:
292:
principles, parliamentary democracy and a market economy. It strongly supported membership in
1734:
1694:
1644:
1306:
1039:
998:
346:
1491:
1864:
1744:
1724:
1246:
1132:
1087:
1021:
687:
285:
159:
8:
1839:
1784:
1284:
944:
226:
171:
167:
163:
1415:
1372:
262:
55:
1936:
1111:
1027:
216:
178:
136:
370:
1739:
1614:
1497:
1479:
377:, began pushing for a more progressive candidate to take charge - Süleyman Demirel.
1749:
1626:
242:
1926:
1383:
1317:
422:
334:
in 1961. It immediately adopted the galloping horse logo of the
Democrat Party.
278:
254:
128:
1427:
374:
1602:
1345:
938:
1433:
1339:
353:
was the largest party with 36.7% of the vote, to form a coalition government.
1951:
1258:
389:
381:
297:
1669:
1252:
1234:
183:
1909:
362:
43:
1596:
874:
Ahmad, Feroz. "Turkey: The Quest for Identity". Oxford: Oneworld, 2003.
397:
322:
1684:
341:, however, was initially more successful in eastern Turkey. In the
326:
289:
1545:
922:
401:
274:
146:
1228:
877:
Dodd, C.H. (1992). "The Development of Turkish Democracy".
293:
1690:
Association for Defence of National Rights Movement Party
1559:
1670:
Minor parties (without representation above local level)
321:. They could not, however, entirely dismantle the vast
257:
prominent in the 1960s and 1970s. A descendant of the
317:, Turkey's generals disbanded the formerly dominant
425:, complete with the galloping horse logo, in 1983.
1949:
1525:
1292:
905:
273:. Along with all other political parties in
1532:
1518:
1299:
1285:
912:
898:
880:British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies
1988:Political parties disestablished in 1981
1193:Republican Villagers Nation Party (CKMP)
1100:National Women's Party of Turkey (TUKP)
269:, and was in office at the time of the
1968:Defunct conservative parties in Turkey
1950:
1845:Revolutionary Socialist Workers' Party
1211:Social Democratic Populist Party (SHP)
1205:Social Democratic People's Party (SHP)
1978:Political parties established in 1961
1668:
1585:Peoples' Equality and Democracy Party
1558:
1513:
1280:
969:Democratic Left People's Party (DSHP)
893:
1005:Electronic Democracy Party (e-Parti)
699:Türkiye popülizmin babasını kaybetti
1973:Defunct political parties in Turkey
13:
1900:Workers' Peasants' Party of Turkey
1885:Socialist Workers' Party of Turkey
1175:Progressive Republican Party (TCF)
1151:People's Communist Party of Turkey
1011:Equality and Democracy Party (EDP)
271:military coup on 12 September 1980
14:
2009:
1963:Defunct liberal political parties
1106:Nationalist Democracy Party (MDP)
883:, Vol. 19, No. 1 (1992), pp 16–30
430:Grand National Assembly of Turkey
1993:1981 disestablishments in Turkey
1875:Socialist Party of the Oppressed
1544:
1217:Socialist Revolution Party (SDP)
1157:People's Democracy Party (HADEP)
1082:National Development Party (MKP)
921:
669:Minority Government (1979-1980)
650:
649:
600:
599:
564:
563:
528:
527:
308:
16:Former political party in Turkey
1199:Republican Reliance Party (CGP)
1139:Peace and Democracy Party (BDP)
987:Democratic Progress Party (DGP)
856:
847:
838:
829:
820:
811:
802:
793:
784:
775:
766:
1241:Turkish Villagers' Party (TKP)
1229:Social Democracy Party (SODEP)
1094:National Salvation Party (MSP)
1052:Liberal Republican Party (SCF)
993:Democratic Society Party (DTP)
757:
748:
739:
730:
721:
712:
703:
692:
681:
1:
1998:Right-wing populism in Turkey
1983:1961 establishments in Turkey
1573:Justice and Development Party
1265:Workers Party of Turkey (TİP)
1181:Republican Nation Party (CMP)
963:Democratic Center Party (DMP)
675:
296:and close relations with the
1880:Socialist Refoundation Party
1850:Revolutionary Workers' Party
1765:Independent Republican Party
1715:Conservative Ascension Party
1700:Communist Movement of Turkey
1680:Alternative and Change Party
1609:Democracy and Progress Party
928:Historical parties in Turkey
688:SÜLEYMAN DEMİREL'İN ARDINDAN
21:Justice Party (Turkey, 2015)
7:
1730:Freedom and Socialism Party
1560:Parties represented in the
1541:Political parties in Turkey
1223:Socialist Unity Party (SBP)
999:Democrat Turkey Party (DTP)
10:
2014:
1870:Socialist Liberation Party
1820:Party for Change in Turkey
1591:Nationalist Movement Party
1163:People's Voice Party (HAS)
1145:People's Labor Party (HEP)
1088:National Order Party (MNP)
1022:Great Anatolia Party (BAP)
868:
407:
303:
265:, who served six times as
261:, the AP was dominated by
88:11 February 1961
18:
1932:List of political parties
1922:
1855:Rights and Freedoms Party
1835:People's Liberation Party
1830:Peoples' Democratic Party
1710:Communist Party of Turkey
1675:
1664:
1579:Republican People's Party
1568:
1554:
1468:
1443:
1393:
1382:
1355:
1328:
945:Bright Turkey Party (ATP)
934:
641:
591:
555:
519:
482:
444:
441:
438:
435:
351:Republican People's Party
212:
189:
177:
153:
142:
124:
114:
99:
84:
74:
64:
42:
30:
1860:Rights and Justice Party
1800:Nation and Justice Party
1790:Liberal Democratic Party
1780:Labourist Movement Party
1770:Independent Turkey Party
1639:Democratic Regions Party
1621:Workers' Party of Turkey
1118:New Party (Turkey, 1993)
1028:Great Turkey Party (BTP)
284:The Justice Party was a
103:18 August 1981
19:Not to be confused with
1815:National Struggle Party
1128:New Turkey Party (2002)
1123:New Turkey Party (1961)
1064:Motherland Party (ANAP)
939:Anatolia Party (ANAPAR)
499:Opposition (1962-1965)
356:
179:Political position
1958:Justice Party (Turkey)
1445:True Path Party (2007)
667:Opposition (1978-1979)
621:Coalition (1975-1977)
607:Opposition (1973-1975)
246:
1760:Homeland Party (2021)
1755:Homeland Party (2002)
1651:Democratic Left Party
1187:Republican Party (CP)
1017:Free Democratic Party
981:Democratic Party (DP)
957:Democracy Party (DEP)
665:Coalition (1977-1978)
497:Coalition (1961-1962)
1865:Social Freedom Party
1725:Democracy Time Party
288:party. It advocated
286:liberal conservative
160:Liberal conservatism
1720:Crescent Star Party
1486:Hüsamettin Cindoruk
1410:Hüsamettin Cindoruk
1169:Populist Party (HP)
975:Democrat Party (DP)
432:
172:Right-wing populism
168:Turkish nationalism
164:Economic liberalism
1937:Politics of Turkey
1492:Namık Kemal Zeybek
1259:Welfare Party (RP)
1058:Liberty Party (HP)
1046:Justice Party (AP)
428:
217:Politics of Turkey
205:Purple (customary)
137:Great Turkey Party
1945:
1944:
1918:
1917:
1740:Great Unity Party
1660:
1659:
1615:New Welfare Party
1507:
1506:
1464:
1463:
1398:Ahmet Nusret Tuna
1274:
1273:
1253:Virtue Party (FP)
1235:Turkey Party (TP)
1076:Nation Party (MP)
1070:Nation Party (MP)
1040:Greens Party (YP)
673:
672:
386:Eisenhower fellow
235:
234:
222:Political parties
125:Succeeded by
65:General Secretary
2005:
1795:Motherland Party
1750:Green Left Party
1666:
1665:
1627:Free Cause Party
1556:
1555:
1549:
1548:
1534:
1527:
1520:
1511:
1510:
1416:Süleyman Demirel
1391:
1390:
1373:Süleyman Demirel
1301:
1294:
1287:
1278:
1277:
1247:Unity Party (BP)
1133:Peace Party (BP)
926:
925:
914:
907:
900:
891:
890:
863:
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851:
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842:
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644:
603:
602:
594:
567:
566:
558:
531:
530:
522:
485:
433:
427:
339:New Turkey Party
315:1960 coup d'état
263:Süleyman Demirel
253:) was a Turkish
204:
198:
133:Motherland Party
115:Preceded by
110:
108:
95:
93:
69:Nuri Kemal Bayar
60:
56:Süleyman Demirel
53:
28:
27:
2013:
2012:
2008:
2007:
2006:
2004:
2003:
2002:
1948:
1947:
1946:
1941:
1927:Portal:Politics
1914:
1890:True Path Party
1825:Patriotic Party
1705:Communist Party
1671:
1656:
1564:
1550:
1543:
1538:
1508:
1503:
1472:
1460:
1455:Çetin Özaçıkgöz
1447:
1439:
1386:
1384:True Path Party
1378:
1367:Ragıp Gümüşpala
1359:
1351:
1332:
1324:
1318:True Path Party
1308:
1305:
1275:
1270:
951:Citizen's Party
930:
920:
918:
871:
866:
861:
857:
852:
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843:
839:
834:
830:
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697:
693:
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682:
678:
668:
666:
645:
642:
608:
595:
592:
559:
556:
523:
520:
498:
486:
483:
423:True Path Party
410:
371:Sadettin Bilgiç
359:
332:Ragıp Gümüşpala
311:
306:
279:True Path Party
255:political party
231:
208:
202:
196:
170:
166:
162:
135:
131:
129:True Path Party
106:
104:
91:
89:
79:Ragıp Gümüşpala
58:
54:
51:
49:Ragıp Gümüşpala
38:
37:
34:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2011:
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1995:
1990:
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1980:
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1960:
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1857:
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1817:
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1810:National Party
1807:
1802:
1797:
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1636:
1633:Democrat Party
1630:
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1612:
1606:
1603:Felicity Party
1600:
1594:
1588:
1582:
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1565:
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1551:
1537:
1536:
1529:
1522:
1514:
1505:
1504:
1502:
1501:
1500:(2012–present)
1498:Gültekin Uysal
1495:
1489:
1483:
1480:Süleyman Soylu
1476:
1474:
1473:(2007–present)
1470:Democrat Party
1466:
1465:
1462:
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1459:
1458:
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1363:
1361:
1353:
1352:
1350:
1349:
1346:Adnan Menderes
1343:
1336:
1334:
1330:Democrat Party
1326:
1325:
1322:Democrat Party
1310:Democrat Party
1307:Leaders of the
1304:
1303:
1296:
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437:
409:
406:
363:left of centre
358:
355:
343:1961 elections
319:Democrat Party
310:
307:
305:
302:
267:prime minister
259:Democrat Party
247:Adalet Partisi
233:
232:
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209:
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199:Red (official)
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119:Democrat Party
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36:Adalet Partisi
35:
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15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2010:
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1924:
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1911:
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1905:Victory Party
1903:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1895:Women's Party
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1776:
1775:Justice Party
1773:
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1761:
1758:
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1422:Mehmet Gölhan
1420:
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1404:Yıldırım Avcı
1402:
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1357:Justice Party
1354:
1347:
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1341:
1338:
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1335:
1331:
1327:
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1314:Justice Party
1311:
1302:
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400:coast and in
399:
393:
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390:self-made man
387:
383:
382:United States
378:
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372:
367:
364:
354:
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335:
333:
328:
324:
320:
316:
309:Establishment
301:
299:
298:United States
295:
291:
287:
282:
280:
276:
272:
268:
264:
260:
256:
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248:
244:
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239:Justice Party
228:
225:
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218:
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201:
195:
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63:
57:
50:
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41:
33:Justice Party
29:
26:
22:
1840:Pirate Party
1805:Nation Party
1735:Future Party
1695:Centre Party
1645:Labour Party
1448:2007–present
1428:Tansu Çiller
1356:
1313:
1045:
878:
858:
849:
840:
835:Sherwood, 55
831:
822:
817:Sherwood, 61
813:
804:
795:
790:Sherwood, 61
786:
777:
768:
763:Sherwood, 60
759:
750:
745:Sherwood, 60
741:
732:
727:Sherwood, 60
723:
714:
709:Sherwood, 57
705:
694:
683:
640:
590:
554:
518:
481:
415:
411:
394:
379:
375:Cemal Gürsel
368:
360:
336:
312:
283:
250:
238:
236:
184:Centre-right
143:Headquarters
25:
1910:Young Party
1745:Green Party
1494:(2011–2012)
1488:(2009–2011)
1482:(2008–2009)
1436:(2002–2007)
1434:Mehmet Ağar
1430:(1993–2002)
1418:(1987–1993)
1412:(1985–1987)
1406:(1983–1985)
1387:(1983–2007)
1375:(1964–1981)
1369:(1961–1964)
1360:(1961–1981)
1348:(1950–1960)
1342:(1946–1950)
1340:Celâl Bayar
1333:(1946–1960)
1255:(1998–2001)
1159:(1994–2003)
1141:(2008–2014)
1066:(1983–2009)
1048:(1961–1980)
1034:Green Party
1007:(2014–2016)
1001:(1997–2008)
953:(1986-1986)
947:(1998–2010)
571:Government
535:Government
419:coup d'état
347:İsmet İnönü
59:(1964-1981)
52:(1961-1964)
1952:Categories
1785:Left Party
1597:Good Party
1562:Parliament
862:Ahmad, 142
853:Ahmad, 131
844:Ahmad, 133
826:Ahmad, 127
808:Ahmad, 128
799:Ahmad, 131
781:Ahmad, 128
772:Ahmad, 127
736:Ahmad, 127
718:Ahmad, 128
676:References
631:5,468,202
581:3,197,897
545:4,229,712
509:4,921,235
472:3,527,435
323:grassroots
107:1981-08-18
92:1961-02-11
1267:(1961–87)
1261:(1983–98)
1249:(1966–81)
1243:(1952–58)
1237:(2009–12)
1231:(1983–85)
1225:(1991–95)
1219:(1975–95)
1213:(1985–95)
1207:(2002–10)
1201:(1967–81)
1195:(1958–69)
1189:(1972–73)
1183:(1954–58)
1177:(1924–25)
1171:(1983–85)
1165:(2010–12)
1153:(2014–17)
1147:(1990–93)
1135:(1996–99)
1114:(2008–12)
1112:New Party
1108:(1983–86)
1102:(1972–81)
1096:(1972–81)
1090:(1970–71)
1084:(1945–58)
1078:(1962–77)
1072:(1948–53)
1060:(1955–58)
1042:(2008–12)
1036:(1988–94)
1024:(1986–92)
1013:(2010–12)
995:(2005–09)
989:(2014–15)
983:(1970–80)
977:(1946–60)
971:(2009–10)
965:(1990–91)
959:(1993–94)
941:(2014–15)
643:189 / 450
593:149 / 450
557:256 / 450
521:240 / 450
484:158 / 450
436:Election
327:Anatolian
313:With the
281:in 1983.
227:Elections
100:Dissolved
1685:AS Party
754:Dodd, 21
349:, whose
290:Kemalist
155:Ideology
149:, Turkey
44:Chairman
1457:(2007–)
869:Sources
445:Status
408:Decline
304:History
243:Turkish
190:Colours
105: (
90: (
85:Founded
75:Founder
1424:(1993)
1400:(1983)
1054:(1930)
1030:(1983)
442:Seats
439:Votes
402:Thrace
398:Aegean
384:as an
275:Turkey
203:
197:
147:Ankara
1581:(128)
1575:(266)
634:36.9
584:29.8
548:46.5
512:52.9
475:34.8
456:Rank
1611:(15)
1605:(20)
1599:(30)
1593:(50)
1587:(57)
637:2nd
627:1977
604:107
587:2nd
577:1973
551:1st
541:1969
515:1st
505:1965
490:new
478:2nd
468:1961
357:Rise
294:NATO
237:The
1653:(1)
1647:(2)
1641:(2)
1635:(3)
1629:(4)
1623:(4)
1617:(4)
663:MHP
659:MSP
657:AP-
654:40
619:CGP
615:MHP
611:MSP
609:AP-
568:16
532:82
495:CHP
493:AP-
1954::
462:±
459:#
453:%
450:#
300:.
251:AP
249:,
245::
1533:e
1526:t
1519:v
1320:/
1316:/
1312:/
1300:e
1293:t
1286:v
913:e
906:t
899:v
661:-
617:-
613:-
241:(
109:)
94:)
23:.
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