1680:
2326:"...went down to the city Jerusalem, her son conducting her on her journey a great way. Now her coming was of very great advantage to the people of Jerusalem; for whereas a famine did oppress them at that time, and many people died for want of what was necessary to procure food withal, queen Helena sent some of her servants to Alexandria with money to buy a great quantity of corn, and others of them to Cyprus, to bring a cargo of dried figs. And as soon as they were come back, and had brought those provisions, which was done very quickly, she distributed food to those that were in want of it, and left a most excellent memorial behind her of this benefaction, which she bestowed on our whole nation. And when her son
3842:' heyday and the trouble caused by the census after Archelaus' banishment – there was usually an atmosphere of understanding between the Jews and the empire ... These relations deteriorated seriously during Caligula's reign, and, though after his death the peace was outwardly re-established, considerable bitterness remained on both sides. ... Caligula ordered that a golden statue of himself be set up in the Temple in Jerusalem. ... Only Caligula's death, at the hands of Roman conspirators (41), prevented the outbreak of a Jewish–Roman war that might well have spread to the entire East."
731:
2226:
102:
4735:
2346:
914:
2061:
1508:
877:
3533:, H. H. Ben-Sasson editor, 1976, page 247: "When Judea was converted into a Roman province , Jerusalem ceased to be the administrative capital of the country. The Romans moved the governmental residence and military headquarters to Caesarea. The centre of government was thus removed from Jerusalem, and the administration became increasingly based on inhabitants of the Hellenistic cities (
3373:. During the Early Roman period, Caesarea was the seat of the Roman procurators of the province of Judea. Vespasian, proclaimed emperor at Caesarea, raised it to the rank of Colonia Prima Flavia Augusta, and later Alexander Severus raised it to the rank of Metropolis Provinciae Syriae Palestinae." A. Negev, "CAESAREA MARITIMA Palestine, Israel" in: Richard Stillwell et al. (eds.),
2294:, who served as personal agents to the Emperor and often as provincial tax and finance ministers, to be elevated to governing magistrates with full state authority to keep the peace. He may have elevated Judea's procurator to imperial governing status because the imperial legate of Syria was not sympathetic to the Judeans.
3365:"Founded in the years 22–10 or 9 B.C. by Herod the Great, close to the ruins of a small Phoenician naval station named Strato's Tower (Stratonos Pyrgos, Turns Stratonis), which flourished during the 3d to 1st c. B.C. This small harbor was situated on the N part of the site. Herod dedicated the new town and its port (
2405:(Second Jewish-Roman War); Judea's role in it is disputed though, as it played itself out mainly in the Jewish diaspora and there are no fully trustworthy sources on Judea's participation in the rebellion, nor is there any archaeological way of distinguishing destruction levels of 117 CE from those of the
3991:
and under the administration of a governor of praetorian rank, and was therefore moved up into the second category (it was only later, in about 120 CE, that Judaea became a consular province, that is, with a governor of consular rank). This new status of the province also implies that a standing
4010:
suggested the name change preceded the revolt; he writes "Hadrian was in those parts in 129 and 130. He abolished the name of
Jerusalem, refounding the place as a colony, Aelia Capitolina. That helped to provoke the rebellion. The supersession of the ethnical term by the geographical may also
3986:
The consequences of the first great war of the Jews against Rome were extremely far-reaching and their significance for the future history of
Judaism can hardly be overestimated. The immediate political consequences were drastic. As has already been mentioned, before the war Judaea was a Roman
3568:, page 247–248: "Consequently, the province of Judea may be regarded as a satellite of Syria, although, in view of the measure of independence left to its governor in domestic affairs, it would be wrong to say that in the Julio-Claudian era Judea was legally part of the province of Syria."
2573:
These coins were primarily circulated within Judaea, with the highest concentration found in
Jerusalem, where hundreds have been discovered. However, evidence indicates that the coins transcended their intended region, with discoveries in
3987:
province of the third category, that is, under the administration of a procurator of equestrian rank and under the overall control of the governor of Syria. After the war it became an independent Roman province with the official name of
2397:
and under the administration of a governor of praetorian rank, and was therefore moved up into the second category (it was only later, in about 120, that Judaea became a consular province, that is, with a governor of consular
3996:, was stationed in Judaea. The headquarters of the 10th legion was the totally destroyed Jerusalem; the governor resided with parts of the 10th legion in Caesarea (Maritima), which Vespasian had converted into a Roman colony.
2261:
finally convinced
Caligula to reverse the order. Caligula later issued a second order to have his statue erected in the Temple of Jerusalem, but he was murdered before the statue reached Jerusalem and his successor
2506:
During the Roman administration of Judaea, some governors commissioned the minting of coins for local use. Only six governors are known to have issued such coins, all minted in
Jerusalem. All issues minted were
2357:
capable of commanding legions. Because
Agrippa II maintained loyalty to the Empire, the Kingdom was retained until he died, either in 93/94 or 100, when the area returned to complete, undivided Roman control.
2479:
played a significant role in economic life in Judaea. Wheat, barley, olives and grapes were the main crops grown in Judaea's fields. Evidence for the cultivation of herbs, vegetables, and legumes comes from
2569:
and name in Greek. Scholars rely on cross-referencing this information with historical records, particularly the writings of
Josephus, to establish a governor's chronology and assign the coins accordingly.
2302:
Following
Agrippa's death in 44, the province returned to direct Roman control, incorporating Agrippa's personal territories of Galilee and Peraea, under a row of procurators. Nevertheless, Agrippa's son,
2492:. Writings from the late first and early second centuries indicate that Jewish farmers introduced rice to Judea during the early Roman period. The local crop was fine, large-kernel rice.
4336:
2593:
in 70 CE. Following the destruction of
Jerusalem and its temple, Jews lost their previously held rights, and subsequent Roman coinage in Judaea no longer reflected Jewish influence.
4820:
2389:). Before the war Judaea was a Roman province of the third category, that is, under the administration of a procurator of equestrian rank and under the overall control of the
488:
463:
3396:
3628:
Gabba, Emilio (2008). "The social, economic and political history of
Palestine 63 bce – ce 70". In William David Davies; Louis Finkelstein; William Horbury (eds.).
2526:
The design of the coins reflects an attempt to accommodate Jewish sensibilities, likely in collaboration with the Jewish leadership in Jerusalem. Unlike typical
811:
in 40 BCE but he did not gain military control until 37 BCE. During his reign, the last representatives of the Hasmoneans were eliminated, and the huge port of
3021:
4765:
1436:
4785:
3806:
3790:
2157:
Still, Jews living in the province maintained some form of independence and could judge offenders by their own laws, including capital offenses, until
4800:
4734:
4474:
3356:
went before them, to offer sacrifices , and to lay the decree in the Capitol. Antony also made a feast for Herod on the first day of his reign."
4775:
2042:
2602:
1451:
3405:
2084:. Its revenue was of little importance to the Roman treasury, but it controlled the land and coastal sea routes to the "bread basket" of
1536:
3921:
3111:
3312:
1421:
3252:
1337:
4227:. Ancient coins in North American collections. American numismatic society. New York: American Numismatic Society. p. 269.
3473:
2565:
Attributing these coins to specific governors is a challenge. They lack the governor's name, but display the reigning emperor's
4830:
4825:
1659:
4430:
4232:
4161:
3702:
3639:
3515:
3483:
3322:
3292:
3262:
2762:
2501:
1969:
1964:
3709:...if there is any fact of Jesus' life that has been established by a broad consensus, it is the fact of Jesus' crucifixion.
4467:
1356:
718:
were added to the province. In 132 AD, sources say the merging of Galilee and Judea resulted in an enlarged province named
139:
4355:
4225:
Coins of the Holy Land: the Abraham and Marian Sofaer Collection at the American Numismatic Society and the Israel Museum
1754:
1621:
A messianic revolt erupted in Judea in 4 BCE because of Archelaus's incompetence; the revolt was brutally crushed by the
1378:
1046:
1014:
3129:
2035:
254:
2266:
rescinded the order. The "Crisis under Caligula" has been proposed as the first open break between Rome and the Jews.
4196:
3979:
3971:
The History of the Jews in the Greco-Roman World: The Jews of Palestine from Alexander the Great to the Arab Conquest
3827:
3774:
3758:
3742:
1974:
4795:
4790:
3834:, pages 254–256: "The reign of Gaius Caligula (37–41) witnessed the first open break between the Jews and the
3344:"... then resolved to get him made king of the Jews ... told them that it was for their advantage in the
3188:
395:
2108:
4770:
4460:
2214:, and was quickly crushed by Pilate; the Samaritans complained against Pilate's brutality to the Legate of Syria
1529:
17:
2450:
until then, did not prevent the Jewish people from referring to the land in their writings as either "Yehudah" (
2218:, who removed Pilate from his post and sent him to Rome to account, replacing him with an acting prefect called
1679:
2447:
2004:
1398:
3348:
that Herod should be king; so they all gave their votes for it. And when the senate was separated, Antony and
3039:
2028:
1878:
561:
4815:
4810:
4679:
3003:
2219:
2215:
1989:
1984:
764:. The assertion of Roman hegemony and the rise of Roman political and cultural influence brought an end to
4483:
4557:
3915:
2714:
1870:
1758:
1366:
1076:
1056:
662:
3936:"Supplementum Epigraphicum GraecumSenatusconsulta. Decrees concerning the Jews in Josephus' Antiquities"
4664:
2913:
2732:
2590:
2433:
2370:
2334:
1959:
1522:
1431:
1320:
893:
757:
703:
699:
2589:
The minting of provincial coins ceased in 59 CE, and they continued to circulate until the end of the
4780:
4587:
3494:
in 6 CE, Judea proper, Samaria and Idumea were converted into a Roman province under the name Iudaea.
2787:
1817:
1630:
1559:
1383:
796:
4435:
4416:
4724:
4714:
4597:
4562:
4542:
4522:
2985:
2895:
2374:
1690:
1426:
1416:
1103:
1001:
927:
3421:
2257:, fearing civil war if the order was carried out, delayed implementing it for nearly a year. King
1647:
This event had significant and ever-lasting effects on the Jewish population, the Temple, and the
4669:
4592:
4507:
4497:
4447:
3725:
3659:
3582:
3428:
3401:
3345:
2199:
1648:
1494:
1456:
1371:
526:
74:
4642:
4502:
4452:
3057:
2931:
2139:
2085:
788:
753:
730:
552:
4744:
Italy was never constituted as a province, instead retaining a special juridical status until
4337:"Ancient Inscription Identifies Gargilius Antiques as Roman Ruler on Eve of Bar Kochva Revolt"
4261:. Vol. II: Herod the Great through Bar Cochba. Amphora Books. pp. 173–174, 186–187.
3969:
1640:
Because of his failure to properly rule Judea, Archelaus was removed from his post by Emperor
4537:
4135:
3282:
3147:
2362:
1809:
1784:
1703:
1489:
780:
745:
518:
4074:
2330:
was informed of this famine, he sent great sums of money to the principal men in Jerusalem.
4674:
4567:
2949:
2575:
2234:
2195:
2173:
1999:
1914:
1855:
1748:
1668:
1441:
1261:
1094:
707:
674:
352:
3547:
638:'s conquest of Judea in 63 BC, the latter had maintained a system of semi-autonomous
8:
4572:
4547:
4440:
3337:
2481:
2246:
2225:
2123:
2112:
1949:
1843:
1779:
1583:
1388:
1342:
1216:
819:
744:
The first intervention of Rome in the region dates from 63 BCE, following the end of the
658:
339:
2428:(132-136 CE), provoked by the establishment of a new colony was founded on the ruins of
316:
4659:
4617:
4612:
4404:
4392:
4301:
4108:
4046:
4038:
3694:
The Jesus Legend: A Case for the Historical Reliability of the Synoptic Jesus Tradition
2906:
2888:
2870:
2852:
2834:
2816:
2798:
2780:
2323:
2291:
2135:
1995:
1884:
1851:
1813:
1563:
1446:
1228:
1145:
818:
Herod died in 4 BCE, and his kingdom was divided among three of his sons, two of whom (
510:
468:
186:
3185:– a British comedy film which riffs on the idiosyncrasies of life in 33 AD Roman Judea
4704:
4699:
4627:
4622:
4293:
4262:
4228:
4202:
4192:
4167:
4157:
4153:
Tilling the Hateful Earth: Agricultural Production and Trade in the Late Antique East
4050:
4030:
3975:
3823:
3698:
3635:
3595:
3511:
3479:
3318:
3288:
3258:
3230:
3181:
2805:
2425:
2406:
2378:
2275:
2254:
2245:
In 37 CE, Emperor Caligula ordered the erection of a statue of himself in the Jewish
2127:
2093:
2077:
1929:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1821:
1789:
1164:
1123:
955:
940:
902:
827:
812:
765:
118:
4185:
Safrai, Zeev (2003). "Trade in the Land of Israel during the Second Temple period".
3935:
4805:
4632:
4602:
4081:
4022:
3947:
3943:
3677:
3611:
3534:
3391:
3222:
2859:
2642:
2543:
2539:
2443:
2438:
2421:
2116:
1924:
1847:
1839:
1831:
1762:
1698:
1281:
1223:
1206:
1140:
1133:
1066:
965:
950:
945:
804:
719:
670:
624:
609:
481:
326:
265:
2393:. After the war it became an independent Roman province with the official name of
1644:
in 6 CE, while Judea, Samaria, and Idumea came under direct Roman administration.
868:
in 39 CE. Herod's son Philip ruled the northeastern part of his father's kingdom.
4517:
3887:
3692:
3629:
3370:
3172:
2678:
2451:
2382:
2089:
1919:
1827:
1567:
1555:
1484:
1315:
1271:
1195:
935:
845:
842:, corresponding to the territory of the historic Judea, plus Samaria and Idumea.
831:
800:
651:
418:
101:
2345:
4607:
4527:
3835:
3445:
3093:
2877:
2841:
2823:
2696:
2547:
2527:
2188:
2012:
1892:
1474:
1250:
1191:
960:
635:
577:
572:
547:
539:
382:
242:
230:
218:
84:
60:
4223:
Meshorer, Ya'akov; Bijovsky, Gabriela; Hendin, David; Meadows, Andrew (2013).
4759:
4552:
4532:
4512:
4297:
4206:
4171:
4131:
4070:
4034:
3234:
3226:
2769:
2489:
2279:
2258:
2238:
2207:
2073:
1888:
1599:
1512:
1310:
1246:
849:
838:
and ruled over half of his father's kingdom. One of these principalities was
823:
784:
692:
643:
154:
141:
3861:
3210:
4577:
4378:
2660:
2579:
2535:
2203:
2165:
2147:
1393:
1242:
808:
738:
684:
581:
88:
4151:
2168:
was divided into five administrative districts with centers in Jerusalem,
4719:
4648:
4582:
4396:
4386:
4126:
4065:
4007:
3353:
3341:
2566:
2476:
1774:
1626:
1591:
1113:
1032:
884:(ruled 117–138 CE), showing, in western Asia, the Roman province of Judea
772:
761:
666:
311:
4305:
4281:
4112:
3352:
went out, with Herod between them; while the consul and the rest of the
2290:, thus in a sense restoring the Herodian dynasty. Claudius had allowed
2060:
4745:
4382:
4085:
3311:
Brand, Chad; Mitchell, Eric; Staff, Holman Reference Editorial (2015).
3075:
2967:
2304:
2211:
1713:
1325:
1028:
970:
913:
296:
4042:
4637:
4186:
4099:
Feldman, Louis (1990). "Some Observations on the Name of Palestine".
2750:
2531:
2530:
featuring the emperor's portrait, these coins displayed symbols like
2429:
2402:
2327:
2312:
2181:
2100:
2081:
2008:
1769:
1743:
1634:
1595:
605:
593:
284:
2353:
From 70 until 132 Judea's rebelliousness required a governing Roman
4026:
3911:
3720:
3654:
3577:
3491:
3440:
3386:
3349:
2624:
2552:
2519:
2485:
2386:
2319:
2287:
2263:
2151:
1708:
1641:
1611:
1587:
876:
865:
856:, after an appeal from his own population. Herod Antipas, ruler of
853:
835:
776:
688:
647:
642:. The incorporation of the Roman province was enacted by the first
621:
365:
206:
182:
3510:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. p. 44.
2409:(Third Jewish-Roman War) revolt of just a decade and a half later.
4694:
4266:
3839:
3672:
3158:
3140:
3122:
3104:
3086:
3068:
3050:
3032:
3014:
2996:
2978:
2960:
2942:
2924:
2743:
2725:
2707:
2689:
2671:
2653:
2635:
2583:
2417:
2354:
2250:
2177:
2143:
2131:
2104:
2069:
1718:
1622:
1603:
1575:
1479:
1332:
986:
881:
857:
711:
604:, and Galilee, extending over parts of the former regions of the
601:
522:
378:
107:
4482:
848:
ruled Judea so badly that he was dismissed in 6 CE by the first
4709:
4689:
4684:
2558:
2514:
2508:
2318:
Jerusalem was plagued by famine between 44 and 48 According to
2169:
1979:
1738:
1347:
991:
977:
749:
706:
and destruction of the temple in 70 AD, bringing an end to the
639:
589:
585:
506:
31:
4156:. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. pp. 109–110.
4222:
3862:"New Testament Parallels to the Works of Josephus - Page Two"
2413:
2192:
1954:
1615:
1607:
1571:
996:
861:
715:
628:
597:
407:• Governor of praetorian rank and given the 10th Legion
35:
30:
This article is about the Roman Province. For region in the
2562:
on one side, though the reverse maintained Jewish imagery.
1579:
566:
3177: – Tax imposed on Jews in the Roman Empire (70–96 CE)
650:, after an appeal by the populace against the ill rule of
3796:
2550:, (26-36 CE), which included Roman cultic items like the
669:, caused tensions and led to an uprising by Jewish rebel
4821:
States and territories disestablished in the 2nd century
4318:
Graves, D. E. (2019). Pilate’s Ring and Roman Religion.
3631:
The Cambridge History of Judaism: The early Roman period
1549:
4134:), Oxford University Press: Oxford 1933, s.v. Tractate
4073:), Oxford University Press: Oxford 1933, s.v. Tractate
2269:
2130:, but instead was a "satellite of Syria" governed by a
673:(6 AD). Other notable events in the region include the
3254:
Jesus, Joshua, Yeshua of Nazareth Revised and Expanded
4383:"The Roman Province of Judea: A Historical Overview"
3284:
The Languages of the Jews: A Sociolinguistic History
4388:
Masada and the World of the New Testament (1996–97)
2361:Judaea was the stage of two, possibly three, major
2249:, a demand in conflict with Jewish monotheism. The
691:ordered the erection of a statue of himself in the
3732:
3310:
2517:coins averaging 2-2.5 grams, similar to the Roman
3748:
2274:Between 41 and 44 AD, Judea regained its nominal
2206:. In 36 CE another messianic revolt erupted near
66:
4757:
4013:Syme, Ronald (1962). "The Wrong Marcius Turbo".
4011:reflect Hadrian's decided opinions about Jews."
2596:
2546:designs. A notable exception is the coinage of
2119:; the revolt was quickly crushed by Quirinius.
3191:– overview of the road network in the province
2068:The Judean province did not initially include
4468:
3471:
3375:The Princeton Encyclopedia of Classical Sites
2297:
2036:
1530:
830:('rulers of a quarter part'). The third son,
4766:States and territories established in the 0s
3691:Eddy, Paul Rhodes; Boyd, Gregory A. (2007).
2055:
1566:, jointly ruled by Herod's sons and sister:
871:
698:Growing discontent at Roman rule led to the
48:
4786:130s disestablishments in the Roman Empire
4475:
4461:
4431:Jewish Encyclopedia: Procurators of Iudaea
4191:. Taylor & Francis. pp. 125–128.
3634:. Cambridge University Press. p. 98.
2340:
2311:in 48. He was the seventh and last of the
2092:. The capital was moved from Jerusalem to
2043:
2029:
1537:
1523:
864:from 4 BCE, was dismissed by Emperor
100:
4320:Near East Archaeological Society Bulletin
2603:Roman administration of Judaea (AD 6–135)
2424:. As a result of the Jews' defeat in the
4801:Political entities in the Land of Israel
4448:The name Rome gave to the land of Israel
4353:
4256:
3690:
3472:Malamat, Abraham; Tadmor, Hayim (1976).
3208:
2344:
2224:
2059:
875:
729:
4098:
3967:
3280:
3250:
3211:"A History of the Jewish War, AD 66–74"
2115:in 6 CE, which triggered the revolt of
110:(125 AD) with Judaea highlighted in red
27:Province of the Roman Empire (6–135 AD)
14:
4758:
4279:
4184:
4149:
3780:
3505:
2064:Map of Judaea Roman Province (6–41 CE)
771:Pompey installed the Hasmonean prince
4776:0s establishments in the Roman Empire
4456:
4252:
4250:
4248:
4246:
4244:
4218:
4216:
3627:
2502:Procuratorial coinage of Roman Judaea
1550:Revolt and removal of Herod Archelaus
627:, that was centered predominantly in
571:
546:
517:Before 4 August 70 is referred to as
4484:Provinces of the early Roman Empire
4377:
4178:
4012:
3910:
3885:
3838:empire. Until then – if one accepts
3729:, Book 18, Chapter 4, Paragraphs 1-2
3490:When Archelaus was deposed from the
3306:
3304:
3276:
3274:
3246:
3244:
2270:Autonomy under Herod Agrippa (41–44)
783:, but not as king. Some years later
106:The Roman Empire under the reign of
3968:Schäfer, Peter (2 September 2003).
3499:
3314:Holman Illustrated Bible Dictionary
2578:and even in distant locations like
2459:
2458:) or "The Land of Israel" (Hebrew:
2455:
1637:and crucified 2,000 Jewish rebels.
24:
4391:. Vol. 36. pp. 319–336.
4371:
4241:
4213:
4001:
3822:, Harvard University Press, 1976,
3548:"Josephus, Antiquities Book XVIII"
3281:Spolsky, Bernard (27 March 2014).
2202:, an act that led to the birth of
25:
4842:
4424:
3940:Supplementum Epigraphicum Graecum
3663:, Book 18, Chapter 3, Paragraph 3
3508:The Roman Near East: 31 BC–AD 337
3301:
3271:
3241:
3209:Westwood, Ursula (1 April 2017).
3202:
3022:Tiberius Claudius Atticus Herodes
735:Pompey in the Temple of Jerusalem
4733:
4282:"Pontius Pilate and the Sources"
3189:Roman roads in Judaea/Palaestina
2446:from the ruins of Judaea, whose
2420:into an enlarged province named
1678:
1506:
912:
880:The Roman empire in the time of
486:
461:
396:Destruction of the Second Temple
4329:
4312:
4286:The Catholic Biblical Quarterly
4273:
4143:
4119:
4091:
4058:
3961:
3928:
3904:
3879:
3854:
3845:
3832:The Crisis Under Gaius Caligula
3812:
3764:
3714:
3697:. Baker Academic. p. 172.
3684:
3666:
3648:
3621:
3589:
3571:
3566:A History of the Jewish Peoples
3558:
3540:
3524:
3465:
3452:
2113:a tax census of Syria and Judea
702:in 66–73 AD and ultimately the
683:(which led to the emergence of
657:With the onset of direct rule,
4347:
4188:The Economy of Roman Palestine
3948:10.1163/1874-6772_seg_a46_2380
3820:A History of the Jewish People
3531:A History of the Jewish People
3475:A History of the Jewish People
3434:
3411:
3380:
3359:
3331:
3287:. Cambridge University Press.
2471:
2136:knight of the Equestrian Order
1184:Late Antiquity and Middle Ages
13:
1:
4831:Roman provinces in the Levant
4826:Provinces of the Roman Empire
4356:"When Palestine Meant Israel"
3195:
3040:Gaius Julius Quadratus Bassus
2349:First century Iudaea province
2158:
2088:and was a buffer against the
725:
677:
4015:The Journal of Roman Studies
3478:. Harvard University Press.
3317:. B&H Publishing Group.
3004:Sextus Hermentidius Campanus
2597:List of governors (6–135 CE)
1990:Israeli Civil Administration
567:
7:
4360:Biblical Archaeology Review
4101:Hebrew Union College Annual
3917:The Antiquities of the Jews
3892:The Antiquities of the Jews
3462:, Book 17, Chapters 271-272
3166:
2187:In 30–33 CE, Roman prefect
2154:as first prefect of Judea.
2101:Publius Sulpicius Quirinius
1649:development of Christianity
663:Publius Sulpicius Quirinius
10:
4847:
4257:Meshorer, Ya'akov (1982).
3974:. Routledge. p. 131.
2914:Sextus Vettulenus Cerialis
2600:
2499:
2495:
2466:
2298:Under a procurator (44–66)
2216:Lucius Vitellius the Elder
2142:), not a former consul or
2074:Gaulanitis (today's Golan)
556:
527:Early Christianity emerged
67:
29:
4742:
4731:
4493:
4280:McGing, Brian C. (1991).
3215:Journal of Jewish Studies
2788:Tiberius Julius Alexander
2056:Under a prefect (6–41 AD)
1631:Publius Quinctilius Varus
1560:Herodian Kingdom of Judea
872:Judea as a Roman province
584:, which incorporated the
516:
502:
440:
436:
432:
428:
415:
405:
392:
375:
362:
349:
336:
332:
322:
310:
306:
302:
290:
278:
274:
264:
260:
248:
236:
224:
212:
200:
196:
181:
174:
170:
131:
124:
114:
99:
94:
83:
49:
45:
4523:Alpes Graiae et Poeninae
4354:Jacobson, David (2001),
4150:Decker, Michael (2009).
3537:, Caesarea and others)."
3251:Clouser, Gordon (2011).
2986:Gnaeus Pompeius Longinus
2900:66–70 (dates uncertain)
2896:Marcus Antonius Julianus
2448:name not officially used
1755:Ancient Israel and Judah
1071:10th century BCE–587 BCE
1061:10th century BCE–720 BCE
1015:Ancient Israel and Judah
1002:Late Bronze Age collapse
687:) and in 37 AD, Emperor
659:the official census
377:• Incorporation of
133: • Coordinates
4796:Israel in the Roman era
4791:Jordan in the Roman era
4670:Mauretania Caesariensis
3804:Antiquities of the Jews
3788:Antiquities of the Jews
3772:On the Embassy to Gaius
3756:On the Embassy to Gaius
3740:On the Embassy to Gaius
3726:Antiquities of the Jews
3660:Antiquities of the Jews
3552:earlyjewishwritings.com
3506:Millar, Fergus (1995).
3460:Antiquities of the Jews
2341:Under a legate (70–132)
1554:Following the death of
1041:12th–10th centuries BCE
620:) was derived from the
4771:Judea (Roman province)
4643:Hispania Tarraconensis
4259:Ancient Jewish Coinage
3227:10.18647/3311/jjs-2017
3058:Quintus Pompeius Falco
2932:Sextus Lucilius Bassus
2591:First Jewish–Roman War
2371:First Jewish–Roman War
2350:
2335:First Jewish–Roman War
2242:
2210:, under the lead of a
2150:. Quirinius appointed
2065:
885:
789:Antipater the Idumaean
760:, and established the
754:Mithridates VI Eupator
741:
700:First Jewish–Roman War
543:
3770:Philo of Alexandria,
3754:Philo of Alexandria,
3738:Philo of Alexandria,
3681:, Book 15, Chapter 44
3148:Sextus Julius Severus
3130:Quintus Tineius Rufus
2824:Marcus Antonius Felix
2377:, the destruction of
2348:
2228:
2164:. Judea in the early
2063:
2005:Palestinian Authority
1810:Hellenistic Palestine
1785:Neo-Babylonian Empire
1562:was divided into the
1427:Historical literature
1422:Historical population
1384:Arab–Israeli conflict
879:
781:High Priest of Israel
746:Third Mithridatic War
733:
519:Second Temple Judaism
4675:Mauretania Tingitana
4568:Corsica and Sardinia
4508:Africa proconsularis
4080:; compiled by Rabbi
3586:17.355 & 18.1–2;
3449:, Book 2, Chapter 56
2950:Lucius Flavius Silva
2381:and ending with the
2229:Old Roman era gate,
2000:Palestinian enclaves
1985:Military Governorate
1399:Iran–Israel conflict
1262:Kingdom of Jerusalem
1243:Early Islamic period
1217:Byzantine Palaestina
1095:Second Temple period
708:Second Temple period
681: 30–33 AD
675:crucifixion of Jesus
548:[juːˈdae̯.a]
417:• Merging into
364:• Crisis under
353:Crucifixion of Jesus
4816:2nd-century Judaism
4811:1st-century Judaism
4573:Crete and Cyrenaica
4548:Bithynia and Pontus
4441:Jewish Encyclopedia
3395:(Wars of the Jews)
2482:Rabbinic literature
2373:, resulting in the
2247:Temple of Jerusalem
2124:senatorial province
2099:Augustus appointed
1970:Egyptian Gaza Strip
1965:Jordanian West Bank
1950:Mandatory Palestine
1844:Diocese of the East
1780:Neo-Assyrian Empire
1614:(who briefly ruled
612:of Judea. The name
340:Census of Quirinius
317:Synedrion/Sanhedrin
151: /
4660:Lycia et Pamphylia
4638:Hispania Lusitania
4618:Gallia Narbonensis
4613:Gallia Lugdunensis
3818:H. H. Ben-Sasson,
3564:H. H. Ben-Sasson,
3112:Gargilius Antiquus
2968:Marcus Salvidienus
2753:(autonomous king)
2538:, echoing earlier
2442:. The creation of
2375:siege of Jerusalem
2351:
2324:Helena of Adiabene
2243:
2066:
1996:State of Palestine
1836:Province of Judaea
1564:Herodian Tetrarchy
1114:Hellenistic period
928:Prehistoric Levant
886:
799:. Antipater's son
742:
704:Siege of Jerusalem
665:, the governor of
616:(like the similar
573:[i.uˈdɛ.a]
469:Herodian Tetrarchy
250:• 130–132 AD
46:Province of Judaea
4753:
4752:
4705:Pannonia Superior
4700:Pannonia Inferior
4628:Germania Superior
4623:Germania Inferior
4487:
4234:978-0-89722-283-9
4163:978-0-19-956528-3
3994:legio X Fretensis
3704:978-0-8010-3114-4
3641:978-0-521-24377-3
3596:Babylonian Talmud
3517:978-0-674-77886-3
3485:978-0-674-39731-6
3324:978-0-8054-9935-3
3294:978-1-107-05544-5
3264:978-1-4620-6121-1
3182:The Life of Brian
3164:
3163:
2806:Ventidius Cumanus
2488:' works, and the
2426:Bar Kokhba revolt
2407:Bar Kokhba revolt
2391:governor of Syria
2363:Jewish–Roman wars
2255:Publius Petronius
2198:on the charge of
2193:Jesus of Nazareth
2128:imperial province
2111:and he conducted
2094:Caesarea Maritima
2053:
2052:
1822:Hasmonean kingdom
1790:Achaemenid Empire
1547:
1546:
1513:Israel portal
1362:
1307:
1290:
1289:
1175:
1174:
1165:Jewish-Roman Wars
1124:Hasmonean dynasty
1085:
1084:
1057:Kingdom of Israel
982:
932:
813:Caesarea Maritima
766:Hellenistic Judea
762:province of Syria
610:Herodian kingdoms
565:
533:
532:
521:, from which the
498:
497:
494:
493:
474:
473:
292:• 48–93/100
155:32.500°N 34.900°E
119:Caesarea Maritima
16:(Redirected from
4838:
4781:6 establishments
4737:
4633:Hispania Baetica
4603:Gallia Aquitania
4485:
4477:
4470:
4463:
4454:
4453:
4420:
4414:
4410:
4408:
4400:
4367:
4341:
4340:
4339:. December 2016.
4333:
4327:
4316:
4310:
4309:
4277:
4271:
4270:
4254:
4239:
4238:
4220:
4211:
4210:
4182:
4176:
4175:
4147:
4141:
4123:
4117:
4116:
4095:
4089:
4082:Judah the Prince
4062:
4056:
4054:
4005:
3999:
3998:
3965:
3959:
3958:
3956:
3954:
3932:
3926:
3925:
3908:
3902:
3901:
3900:
3898:
3883:
3877:
3876:
3874:
3872:
3866:www.josephus.org
3858:
3852:
3849:
3843:
3816:
3810:
3800:
3794:
3784:
3778:
3768:
3762:
3752:
3746:
3736:
3730:
3718:
3712:
3711:
3688:
3682:
3670:
3664:
3652:
3646:
3645:
3625:
3619:
3612:Jerusalem Talmud
3593:
3587:
3575:
3569:
3562:
3556:
3555:
3544:
3538:
3528:
3522:
3521:
3503:
3497:
3496:
3469:
3463:
3456:
3450:
3438:
3432:
3415:
3409:
3392:De Bello Judaico
3384:
3378:
3363:
3357:
3335:
3329:
3328:
3308:
3299:
3298:
3278:
3269:
3268:
3248:
3239:
3238:
3206:
2907:Roman Procurator
2889:Roman Procurator
2871:Roman Procurator
2860:Lucceius Albinus
2853:Roman Procurator
2835:Roman Procurator
2817:Roman Procurator
2799:Roman Procurator
2781:Roman Procurator
2643:Marcus Ambivulus
2607:
2606:
2461:
2457:
2444:Syria Palaestina
2439:Aelia Capitolina
2436:of 70 CE, named
2422:Syria Palaestina
2416:was merged with
2401:115–117 CE: the
2309:King of the Jews
2284:King of the Jews
2163:
2160:
2138:(as was that of
2122:Judea was not a
2117:Judas of Galilee
2045:
2038:
2031:
1848:Palaestina Prima
1840:Syria Palaestina
1832:Herodian kingdom
1803:Classical period
1699:Natufian culture
1682:
1672:
1654:
1653:
1539:
1532:
1525:
1511:
1510:
1509:
1432:Economic history
1360:
1305:
1282:Mamluk Sultanate
1207:Syria Palaestina
1188:
1187:
1134:Herodian dynasty
1100:
1099:
1067:Kingdom of Judah
1051:10th century BCE
1020:
1019:
981:
931:
916:
906:
888:
887:
805:King of the Jews
803:was designated "
797:Roman Procurator
791:, also known as
758:sacked Jerusalem
720:Syria Palaestina
682:
679:
671:Judas of Galilee
625:Kingdom of Judah
575:
570:
560:
558:
550:
490:
489:
482:Syria Palaestina
478:
477:
465:
464:
458:
457:
442:
441:
327:Roman Principate
266:King of the Jews
226:• 64–66 AD
214:• 26–36 AD
166:
165:
163:
162:
161:
156:
152:
149:
148:
147:
144:
134:
104:
78:
70:
69:
68:Ἐπαρχία Ιουδαίας
64:
56:
55:
54:
53:
52:Provincia Iudaea
43:
42:
21:
4846:
4845:
4841:
4840:
4839:
4837:
4836:
4835:
4756:
4755:
4754:
4749:
4738:
4729:
4690:Moesia Superior
4685:Moesia Inferior
4518:Alpes Maritimae
4489:
4481:
4427:
4412:
4411:
4402:
4401:
4374:
4372:Further reading
4350:
4345:
4344:
4335:
4334:
4330:
4317:
4313:
4278:
4274:
4255:
4242:
4235:
4221:
4214:
4199:
4183:
4179:
4164:
4148:
4144:
4124:
4120:
4096:
4092:
4063:
4059:
4006:
4002:
3982:
3966:
3962:
3952:
3950:
3934:
3933:
3929:
3909:
3905:
3896:
3894:
3884:
3880:
3870:
3868:
3860:
3859:
3855:
3850:
3846:
3817:
3813:
3801:
3797:
3785:
3781:
3769:
3765:
3753:
3749:
3737:
3733:
3719:
3715:
3705:
3689:
3685:
3671:
3667:
3653:
3649:
3642:
3626:
3622:
3594:
3590:
3576:
3572:
3563:
3559:
3546:
3545:
3541:
3529:
3525:
3518:
3504:
3500:
3486:
3470:
3466:
3457:
3453:
3439:
3435:
3416:
3412:
3385:
3381:
3371:Caesar Augustus
3364:
3360:
3336:
3332:
3325:
3309:
3302:
3295:
3279:
3272:
3265:
3249:
3242:
3207:
3203:
3198:
3174:Fiscus Judaicus
3169:
2679:Valerius Gratus
2616:Length of rule
2605:
2599:
2504:
2498:
2474:
2469:
2383:siege of Masada
2343:
2307:was designated
2300:
2286:by the emperor
2272:
2259:Herod Agrippa I
2237:(today part of
2233:in Jerusalem's
2161:
2148:senatorial rank
2103:to the post of
2090:Parthian Empire
2058:
2049:
2020:
2019:
2016:
2003:
1980:State of Israel
1945:
1944:
1935:
1934:
1896:
1879:Muslim conquest
1874:
1873:
1862:
1861:
1828:Roman Palestine
1805:
1804:
1795:
1794:
1766:
1749:Egyptian Empire
1734:
1733:
1732:Ancient history
1724:
1723:
1694:
1693:
1670:
1663:
1633:, who occupied
1568:Herod Archelaus
1556:Herod the Great
1552:
1543:
1507:
1505:
1500:
1499:
1485:Hebrew calendar
1470:
1462:
1461:
1417:Historical maps
1412:
1404:
1403:
1357:State of Israel
1343:British Mandate
1300:
1292:
1291:
1272:Ayyubid dynasty
1196:Rabbinic period
1185:
1177:
1176:
1097:
1087:
1086:
1077:Babylonian rule
1047:United Monarchy
1017:
1007:
1006:
924:
904:
897:
874:
795:, as the first
728:
680:
654:(4 BC – 6 AD).
652:Herod Archelaus
509:
487:
462:
421:
419:Syria Palestina
408:
398:
385:
368:
355:
342:
293:
281:
251:
239:
227:
215:
203:
159:
157:
153:
150:
145:
142:
140:
138:
137:
132:
105:
79:
72:
65:
58:
51:
50:
39:
28:
23:
22:
18:Judaea Province
15:
12:
11:
5:
4844:
4834:
4833:
4828:
4823:
4818:
4813:
4808:
4803:
4798:
4793:
4788:
4783:
4778:
4773:
4768:
4751:
4750:
4743:
4740:
4739:
4732:
4730:
4728:
4727:
4722:
4717:
4712:
4707:
4702:
4697:
4692:
4687:
4682:
4677:
4672:
4667:
4662:
4657:
4652:
4645:
4640:
4635:
4630:
4625:
4620:
4615:
4610:
4608:Gallia Belgica
4605:
4600:
4595:
4590:
4585:
4580:
4575:
4570:
4565:
4560:
4555:
4550:
4545:
4540:
4535:
4530:
4528:Arabia Petraea
4525:
4520:
4515:
4510:
4505:
4500:
4494:
4491:
4490:
4480:
4479:
4472:
4465:
4457:
4451:
4450:
4445:
4433:
4426:
4425:External links
4423:
4422:
4421:
4373:
4370:
4369:
4368:
4349:
4346:
4343:
4342:
4328:
4311:
4272:
4240:
4233:
4212:
4197:
4177:
4162:
4142:
4118:
4090:
4057:
4027:10.2307/297879
4021:(1–2): 87–96.
4000:
3980:
3960:
3927:
3903:
3878:
3853:
3844:
3836:Julio-Claudian
3811:
3795:
3779:
3763:
3747:
3731:
3713:
3703:
3683:
3665:
3647:
3640:
3620:
3588:
3570:
3557:
3539:
3523:
3516:
3498:
3484:
3464:
3451:
3446:The Jewish War
3433:
3410:
3379:
3367:limen Sebastos
3358:
3330:
3323:
3300:
3293:
3270:
3263:
3240:
3221:(1): 189–193.
3200:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3193:
3192:
3186:
3178:
3168:
3165:
3162:
3161:
3156:
3153:
3150:
3144:
3143:
3138:
3135:
3132:
3126:
3125:
3120:
3117:
3114:
3108:
3107:
3102:
3099:
3096:
3094:Lusius Quietus
3090:
3089:
3084:
3081:
3078:
3072:
3071:
3066:
3063:
3060:
3054:
3053:
3048:
3045:
3042:
3036:
3035:
3030:
3027:
3024:
3018:
3017:
3012:
3009:
3006:
3000:
2999:
2994:
2991:
2988:
2982:
2981:
2976:
2973:
2970:
2964:
2963:
2958:
2955:
2952:
2946:
2945:
2940:
2937:
2934:
2928:
2927:
2922:
2919:
2916:
2910:
2909:
2904:
2901:
2898:
2892:
2891:
2886:
2883:
2880:
2878:Gessius Florus
2874:
2873:
2868:
2865:
2862:
2856:
2855:
2850:
2847:
2844:
2842:Porcius Festus
2838:
2837:
2832:
2829:
2826:
2820:
2819:
2814:
2811:
2808:
2802:
2801:
2796:
2793:
2790:
2784:
2783:
2778:
2775:
2772:
2766:
2765:
2763:King of Judaea
2760:
2757:
2754:
2747:
2746:
2741:
2738:
2735:
2729:
2728:
2723:
2720:
2717:
2711:
2710:
2705:
2702:
2699:
2697:Pontius Pilate
2693:
2692:
2687:
2684:
2681:
2675:
2674:
2669:
2666:
2663:
2657:
2656:
2651:
2648:
2645:
2639:
2638:
2633:
2630:
2627:
2621:
2620:
2617:
2614:
2611:
2601:Main article:
2598:
2595:
2548:Pontius Pilate
2500:Main article:
2497:
2494:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2464:
2463:
2410:
2399:
2385:in 73–74 (see
2379:Herod's Temple
2342:
2339:
2299:
2296:
2271:
2268:
2189:Pontius Pilate
2057:
2054:
2051:
2050:
2048:
2047:
2040:
2033:
2025:
2022:
2021:
2018:
2017:
1994:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1957:
1952:
1946:
1942:
1941:
1940:
1937:
1936:
1933:
1932:
1927:
1922:
1917:
1912:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1893:Jund al-Urdunn
1883:
1881:
1875:
1869:
1868:
1867:
1864:
1863:
1860:
1859:
1825:
1806:
1802:
1801:
1800:
1797:
1796:
1793:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1772:
1767:
1753:
1751:
1746:
1741:
1735:
1731:
1730:
1729:
1726:
1725:
1722:
1721:
1716:
1711:
1706:
1701:
1695:
1689:
1688:
1687:
1684:
1683:
1675:
1674:
1665:
1664:
1657:
1551:
1548:
1545:
1544:
1542:
1541:
1534:
1527:
1519:
1516:
1515:
1502:
1501:
1498:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1482:
1477:
1475:Jewish history
1471:
1468:
1467:
1464:
1463:
1460:
1459:
1457:Jewish warfare
1454:
1452:Jewish leaders
1449:
1444:
1439:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1413:
1410:
1409:
1406:
1405:
1402:
1401:
1396:
1391:
1386:
1381:
1376:
1375:
1374:
1361:(1948–present)
1353:
1352:
1351:
1350:
1340:
1335:
1330:
1329:
1328:
1323:
1318:
1303:Modern history
1301:
1299:Modern history
1298:
1297:
1294:
1293:
1288:
1287:
1284:
1278:
1277:
1274:
1268:
1267:
1264:
1258:
1257:
1254:
1239:
1238:
1235:
1234:
1233:
1232:
1231:
1226:
1213:
1212:
1209:
1203:
1202:
1199:
1192:Late antiquity
1186:
1183:
1182:
1179:
1178:
1173:
1172:
1169:
1168:
1156:
1155:
1152:
1151:
1150:
1149:
1148:
1143:
1130:
1129:
1126:
1120:
1119:
1116:
1110:
1109:
1106:
1098:
1093:
1092:
1089:
1088:
1083:
1082:
1079:
1073:
1072:
1069:
1063:
1062:
1059:
1053:
1052:
1049:
1043:
1042:
1039:
1038:
1037:
1036:
1035:
1018:
1013:
1012:
1009:
1008:
1005:
1004:
999:
994:
989:
974:
973:
968:
963:
958:
953:
948:
943:
938:
925:
922:
921:
918:
917:
909:
908:
899:
898:
891:
873:
870:
727:
724:
661:instituted by
636:Roman Republic
580:from 6 to 132
578:Roman province
531:
530:
514:
513:
504:
500:
499:
496:
495:
492:
491:
484:
475:
472:
471:
466:
454:
453:
448:
438:
437:
434:
433:
430:
429:
426:
425:
422:
416:
413:
412:
409:
406:
403:
402:
399:
393:
390:
389:
386:
376:
373:
372:
369:
363:
360:
359:
356:
350:
347:
346:
343:
337:
334:
333:
330:
329:
324:
323:Historical era
320:
319:
314:
308:
307:
304:
303:
300:
299:
294:
291:
288:
287:
282:
279:
276:
275:
272:
271:
268:
262:
261:
258:
257:
252:
249:
246:
245:
243:Lusius Quietus
240:
238:• 117 AD
237:
234:
233:
231:Gessius Florus
228:
225:
222:
221:
219:Pontius Pilate
216:
213:
210:
209:
204:
202:• 6–9 AD
201:
198:
197:
194:
193:
190:
179:
178:
176:
172:
171:
168:
167:
160:32.500; 34.900
135:
129:
128:
126:
122:
121:
116:
112:
111:
97:
96:
92:
91:
81:
80:
47:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4843:
4832:
4829:
4827:
4824:
4822:
4819:
4817:
4814:
4812:
4809:
4807:
4804:
4802:
4799:
4797:
4794:
4792:
4789:
4787:
4784:
4782:
4779:
4777:
4774:
4772:
4769:
4767:
4764:
4763:
4761:
4747:
4741:
4736:
4726:
4723:
4721:
4718:
4716:
4713:
4711:
4708:
4706:
4703:
4701:
4698:
4696:
4693:
4691:
4688:
4686:
4683:
4681:
4678:
4676:
4673:
4671:
4668:
4666:
4663:
4661:
4658:
4656:
4653:
4651:
4650:
4646:
4644:
4641:
4639:
4636:
4634:
4631:
4629:
4626:
4624:
4621:
4619:
4616:
4614:
4611:
4609:
4606:
4604:
4601:
4599:
4596:
4594:
4591:
4589:
4586:
4584:
4581:
4579:
4576:
4574:
4571:
4569:
4566:
4564:
4561:
4559:
4556:
4554:
4551:
4549:
4546:
4544:
4541:
4539:
4536:
4534:
4531:
4529:
4526:
4524:
4521:
4519:
4516:
4514:
4513:Alpes Cottiae
4511:
4509:
4506:
4504:
4501:
4499:
4496:
4495:
4492:
4488:
4478:
4473:
4471:
4466:
4464:
4459:
4458:
4455:
4449:
4446:
4443:
4442:
4437:
4434:
4432:
4429:
4428:
4418:
4406:
4398:
4394:
4390:
4389:
4384:
4380:
4376:
4375:
4365:
4361:
4357:
4352:
4351:
4338:
4332:
4325:
4321:
4315:
4307:
4303:
4299:
4295:
4291:
4287:
4283:
4276:
4268:
4264:
4260:
4253:
4251:
4249:
4247:
4245:
4236:
4230:
4226:
4219:
4217:
4208:
4204:
4200:
4198:1-280-09423-0
4194:
4190:
4189:
4181:
4173:
4169:
4165:
4159:
4155:
4154:
4146:
4140:
4138:
4133:
4132:Herbert Danby
4129:
4128:
4122:
4114:
4110:
4106:
4102:
4097:See p. 1 in:
4094:
4087:
4083:
4079:
4077:
4072:
4071:Herbert Danby
4068:
4067:
4061:
4052:
4048:
4044:
4040:
4036:
4032:
4028:
4024:
4020:
4016:
4009:
4004:
3997:
3995:
3990:
3983:
3981:1-134-40316-X
3977:
3973:
3972:
3964:
3949:
3945:
3941:
3937:
3931:
3923:
3919:
3918:
3913:
3907:
3893:
3889:
3882:
3867:
3863:
3857:
3848:
3841:
3837:
3833:
3829:
3828:0-674-39731-2
3825:
3821:
3815:
3808:
3805:
3799:
3792:
3789:
3783:
3776:
3773:
3767:
3760:
3757:
3751:
3744:
3741:
3735:
3728:
3727:
3722:
3717:
3710:
3706:
3700:
3696:
3695:
3687:
3680:
3679:
3674:
3669:
3662:
3661:
3656:
3651:
3643:
3637:
3633:
3632:
3624:
3617:
3613:
3609:
3605:
3601:
3597:
3592:
3585:
3584:
3579:
3574:
3567:
3561:
3553:
3549:
3543:
3536:
3532:
3527:
3519:
3513:
3509:
3502:
3495:
3493:
3487:
3481:
3477:
3476:
3468:
3461:
3455:
3448:
3447:
3442:
3437:
3430:
3427:
3423:
3420:
3414:
3407:
3404:
3403:
3398:
3394:
3393:
3388:
3383:
3376:
3372:
3368:
3362:
3355:
3351:
3347:
3343:
3339:
3334:
3326:
3320:
3316:
3315:
3307:
3305:
3296:
3290:
3286:
3285:
3277:
3275:
3266:
3260:
3257:. iUniverse.
3256:
3255:
3247:
3245:
3236:
3232:
3228:
3224:
3220:
3216:
3212:
3205:
3201:
3190:
3187:
3184:
3183:
3179:
3176:
3175:
3171:
3170:
3160:
3157:
3154:
3152:c. 133/4–135
3151:
3149:
3146:
3145:
3142:
3139:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3127:
3124:
3123:Roman Prefect
3121:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3109:
3106:
3103:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3091:
3088:
3085:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3073:
3070:
3067:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3055:
3052:
3049:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3037:
3034:
3031:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3019:
3016:
3013:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3001:
2998:
2995:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2983:
2980:
2977:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2965:
2962:
2959:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2948:
2947:
2944:
2941:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2930:
2929:
2926:
2923:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2912:
2911:
2908:
2905:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2893:
2890:
2887:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2875:
2872:
2869:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2858:
2857:
2854:
2851:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2839:
2836:
2833:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2821:
2818:
2815:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2804:
2803:
2800:
2797:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2785:
2782:
2779:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2770:Cuspius Fadus
2768:
2767:
2764:
2761:
2758:
2755:
2752:
2749:
2748:
2745:
2744:Roman Prefect
2742:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2731:
2730:
2727:
2726:Roman Prefect
2724:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2712:
2709:
2708:Roman Prefect
2706:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2694:
2691:
2690:Roman Prefect
2688:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2677:
2676:
2673:
2672:Roman Prefect
2670:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2658:
2655:
2654:Roman Prefect
2652:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2640:
2637:
2636:Roman Prefect
2634:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2622:
2618:
2615:
2612:
2609:
2608:
2604:
2594:
2592:
2587:
2585:
2581:
2577:
2571:
2568:
2563:
2561:
2560:
2555:
2554:
2549:
2545:
2541:
2537:
2536:ears of grain
2533:
2529:
2528:Roman coinage
2524:
2522:
2521:
2516:
2512:
2511:
2503:
2493:
2491:
2490:New Testament
2487:
2483:
2478:
2453:
2449:
2445:
2441:
2440:
2435:
2431:
2427:
2423:
2419:
2415:
2411:
2408:
2404:
2400:
2396:
2392:
2388:
2384:
2380:
2376:
2372:
2368:
2367:
2366:
2364:
2359:
2356:
2347:
2338:
2336:
2333:In 66-70 the
2331:
2329:
2325:
2321:
2316:
2314:
2310:
2306:
2295:
2293:
2289:
2285:
2281:
2280:Herod Agrippa
2277:
2267:
2265:
2260:
2256:
2252:
2248:
2240:
2239:Damascus Gate
2236:
2232:
2227:
2223:
2221:
2217:
2213:
2209:
2208:Mount Gerizim
2205:
2201:
2197:
2194:
2190:
2185:
2183:
2179:
2175:
2171:
2167:
2155:
2153:
2149:
2145:
2141:
2137:
2133:
2129:
2125:
2120:
2118:
2114:
2110:
2106:
2102:
2097:
2095:
2091:
2087:
2083:
2079:
2075:
2071:
2062:
2046:
2041:
2039:
2034:
2032:
2027:
2026:
2024:
2023:
2014:
2010:
2006:
2001:
1997:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1960:All-Palestine
1958:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1947:
1939:
1938:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1894:
1890:
1889:Jund Filastin
1886:
1882:
1880:
1877:
1876:
1872:
1866:
1865:
1857:
1853:
1849:
1845:
1841:
1837:
1833:
1829:
1826:
1823:
1819:
1815:
1811:
1808:
1807:
1799:
1798:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1764:
1760:
1756:
1752:
1750:
1747:
1745:
1742:
1740:
1737:
1736:
1728:
1727:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1696:
1692:
1686:
1685:
1681:
1677:
1676:
1673:
1667:
1666:
1661:
1656:
1655:
1652:
1650:
1645:
1643:
1638:
1636:
1632:
1628:
1624:
1619:
1617:
1613:
1609:
1605:
1601:
1600:Herod Antipas
1597:
1593:
1589:
1585:
1581:
1577:
1573:
1569:
1565:
1561:
1557:
1540:
1535:
1533:
1528:
1526:
1521:
1520:
1518:
1517:
1514:
1504:
1503:
1496:
1493:
1491:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1472:
1466:
1465:
1458:
1455:
1453:
1450:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1414:
1408:
1407:
1400:
1397:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1380:
1377:
1373:
1370:
1369:
1368:
1365:
1364:
1363:
1359:
1358:
1349:
1346:
1345:
1344:
1341:
1339:
1336:
1334:
1331:
1327:
1324:
1322:
1321:Mutasarrifate
1319:
1317:
1314:
1313:
1312:
1309:
1308:
1304:
1296:
1295:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1279:
1275:
1273:
1270:
1269:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1259:
1255:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1241:
1240:
1236:
1230:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1221:
1220:
1219:
1218:
1215:
1214:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1204:
1200:
1197:
1193:
1190:
1189:
1181:
1180:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1161:
1158:
1157:
1153:
1147:
1144:
1142:
1139:
1138:
1137:
1136:
1135:
1132:
1131:
1127:
1125:
1122:
1121:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1111:
1107:
1105:
1104:Persian Yehud
1102:
1101:
1096:
1091:
1090:
1080:
1078:
1075:
1074:
1070:
1068:
1065:
1064:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1054:
1050:
1048:
1045:
1044:
1040:
1034:
1030:
1027:
1026:
1025:
1024:
1022:
1021:
1016:
1011:
1010:
1003:
1000:
998:
995:
993:
990:
988:
985:
984:
983:
980:
979:
972:
969:
967:
964:
962:
959:
957:
954:
952:
949:
947:
944:
942:
939:
937:
934:
933:
930:
929:
923:Early history
920:
919:
915:
911:
910:
907:
901:
900:
895:
890:
889:
883:
878:
869:
867:
863:
859:
855:
851:
850:Roman emperor
847:
843:
841:
837:
833:
829:
825:
824:Herod Antipas
821:
816:
814:
810:
806:
802:
798:
794:
790:
786:
785:Julius Caesar
782:
778:
774:
769:
767:
763:
759:
755:
751:
747:
740:
736:
732:
723:
721:
717:
713:
709:
705:
701:
696:
694:
693:Jewish temple
690:
686:
676:
672:
668:
664:
660:
655:
653:
649:
645:
644:Roman emperor
641:
637:
632:
630:
626:
623:
619:
615:
611:
607:
603:
599:
595:
591:
587:
583:
579:
574:
569:
563:
554:
553:Ancient Greek
549:
545:
541:
537:
528:
524:
520:
515:
512:
508:
505:
503:Today part of
501:
485:
483:
480:
479:
476:
470:
467:
460:
459:
456:
455:
452:
449:
447:
444:
443:
439:
435:
431:
427:
424:132 AD 132 AD
423:
420:
414:
410:
404:
400:
397:
391:
387:
384:
380:
374:
370:
367:
361:
357:
354:
348:
344:
341:
335:
331:
328:
325:
321:
318:
315:
313:
309:
305:
301:
298:
295:
289:
286:
283:
280:• 41–44
277:
273:
269:
267:
263:
259:
256:
255:Tineius Rufus
253:
247:
244:
241:
235:
232:
229:
223:
220:
217:
211:
208:
205:
199:
195:
191:
188:
184:
180:
177:
173:
169:
164:
136:
130:
127:
123:
120:
117:
113:
109:
103:
98:
93:
90:
86:
82:
76:
62:
44:
41:
37:
33:
19:
4654:
4647:
4439:
4387:
4363:
4359:
4331:
4323:
4319:
4314:
4289:
4285:
4275:
4258:
4224:
4187:
4180:
4152:
4145:
4136:
4125:
4121:
4104:
4100:
4093:
4075:
4064:
4060:
4018:
4014:
4003:
3993:
3992:legion, the
3988:
3985:
3970:
3963:
3951:. Retrieved
3939:
3930:
3920:. Vol.
3916:
3906:
3895:, retrieved
3891:
3881:
3869:. Retrieved
3865:
3856:
3851:Tac. A.12.60
3847:
3831:
3819:
3814:
3803:
3798:
3787:
3782:
3771:
3766:
3755:
3750:
3739:
3734:
3724:
3716:
3708:
3693:
3686:
3676:
3668:
3658:
3650:
3630:
3623:
3615:
3607:
3603:
3600:Avodah Zarah
3599:
3591:
3581:
3573:
3565:
3560:
3551:
3542:
3530:
3526:
3507:
3501:
3489:
3474:
3467:
3459:
3454:
3444:
3436:
3425:
3418:
3413:
3400:
3390:
3382:
3374:
3366:
3361:
3346:Parthian war
3338:Jewish War 1
3333:
3313:
3283:
3253:
3218:
3214:
3204:
3180:
3173:
3159:Roman Legate
3141:Roman Legate
3105:Roman Legate
3087:Roman Legate
3069:Roman Legate
3051:Roman Legate
3033:Roman Legate
3015:Roman Legate
2997:Roman Legate
2979:Roman Legate
2961:Roman Legate
2943:Roman Legate
2925:Roman Legate
2661:Annius Rufus
2588:
2572:
2564:
2557:
2551:
2525:
2518:
2509:
2505:
2475:
2437:
2434:First Revolt
2414:Judea proper
2394:
2390:
2360:
2352:
2332:
2317:
2308:
2301:
2283:
2273:
2244:
2231:Bab al-'Amud
2230:
2204:Christianity
2186:
2166:Roman period
2162: 28 CE
2156:
2121:
2098:
2067:
1871:Islamic rule
1835:
1646:
1639:
1620:
1584:Herod Philip
1553:
1394:Silicon Wadi
1379:Independence
1355:
1354:
1311:Ottoman rule
1302:
1160:Roman Judaea
1159:
976:
975:
926:
844:
839:
834:, became an
817:
809:Roman Senate
792:
770:
743:
739:Jean Fouquet
734:
710:. In 44 AD,
697:
685:Christianity
656:
633:
617:
613:
535:
534:
451:Succeeded by
450:
445:
89:Roman Empire
40:
4748:'s reforms.
4680:Mesopotamia
4436:Procurators
4413:|work=
4379:Hall, J. F.
4348:Works cited
4127:The Mishnah
4066:The Mishnah
4008:Ronald Syme
3953:26 February
3606:41a; ibid,
3583:Antiquities
3419:Antiquities
3402:Antiquities
3354:magistrates
3342:Mark Antony
2576:Transjordan
2567:regnal year
2477:Agriculture
2472:Agriculture
2292:procurators
2140:Roman Egypt
1775:Philistines
1704:Pre-Pottery
1669:History of
1602:(who ruled
1594:as well as
1592:Trachonitis
1586:(who ruled
1570:(who ruled
1490:Archaeology
1306:(1517–1948)
1171:6 CE–136 CE
1154:37 BCE–6 CE
1118:333–164 BCE
1108:538–333 BCE
1081:587–538 BCE
1033:Philistines
1023:Iron Age I
903:History of
815:was built.
773:Hyrcanus II
748:, in which
667:Roman Syria
588:regions of
446:Preceded by
358:c. 30/33 AD
312:Legislature
187:Procurators
185:before 41,
158: /
75:Koinē Greek
4760:Categories
4746:Diocletian
4558:Cappadocia
4292:(3): 425.
3886:Josephus,
3802:Josephus,
3786:Josephus,
3602:8b; ibid,
3458:Josephus,
3422:17.188–189
3417:Josephus,
3196:References
3134:130–132/3
3076:Tiberianus
2701:26–36 (?)
2683:15–26 (?)
2432:since the
2305:Agrippa II
2253:of Syria,
2134:who was a
2013:Gaza Strip
1943:Modern era
1714:Ghassulian
1691:Prehistory
1326:Old Yishuv
1128:164–37 BCE
1029:Israelites
971:Ghassulian
787:appointed
726:Background
634:Since the
297:Agrippa II
175:Government
4665:Macedonia
4553:Britannia
4415:ignored (
4405:cite book
4397:i40117983
4298:0008-7912
4267:82-074517
4207:814404092
4172:316430311
4055:(page 90)
4051:154240558
4035:0075-4358
3888:"Book XX"
3791:XVIII.8.1
3616:Sanhedrin
3604:Sanhedrin
3492:ethnarchy
3408:(17.317).
3235:0022-2097
3116:c. 124–?
2751:Agrippa I
2715:Marcellus
2619:Category
2540:Hasmonean
2532:palm tree
2460:ארץ ישראל
2430:Jerusalem
2403:Kitos War
2337:erupted.
2313:Herodians
2282:was made
2220:Marcellus
2212:Samaritan
2196:crucified
2182:Sepphoris
2126:, nor an
2082:Decapolis
2009:West Bank
1856:Salutaris
1818:Antigonus
1770:Philistia
1744:Phoenicia
1671:Palestine
1635:Jerusalem
1596:Auranitis
1442:Jerusalem
1389:Austerity
1286:1260–1517
1276:1174–1260
1266:1099–1291
1146:Tetrarchy
956:Yarmukian
941:Mushabian
846:Archelaus
832:Archelaus
828:tetrarchs
826:) became
807:" by the
752:defeated
640:vassalage
606:Hasmonean
594:Philistia
586:Levantine
562:romanized
511:Palestine
285:Agrippa I
4588:Dalmatia
4503:Aegyptus
4486:(117 AD)
4381:(1996).
4306:43718282
4113:23508170
4107:: 1–23.
3912:Josephus
3775:XXXI.213
3721:Josephus
3655:Josephus
3618:1:1 (1b)
3578:Josephus
3441:Josephus
3387:Josephus
3167:See also
3098:117–120
3080:114–117
3062:105–107
3044:102–104
2733:Marullus
2625:Coponius
2553:simpulum
2544:Herodian
2520:quadrans
2513:, small
2486:Josephus
2412:132 CE:
2387:Josephus
2320:Josephus
2288:Claudius
2276:autonomy
2264:Claudius
2235:Old City
2200:sedition
2152:Coponius
1915:Crusader
1885:Rashidun
1814:Seleucus
1709:Tahunian
1660:a series
1658:Part of
1642:Augustus
1612:Salome I
1411:By topic
1367:Timeline
1256:638–1099
1247:Filastin
966:Nizzanim
951:Harifian
946:Natufian
894:a series
892:Part of
866:Caligula
854:Augustus
836:ethnarch
777:Ethnarch
689:Caligula
648:Augustus
622:Iron Age
576:) was a
411:c. 74 AD
371:37–41 AD
366:Caligula
207:Coponius
189:after 44
183:Prefects
95:6–132 AD
85:Province
4806:Samaria
4725:Thracia
4715:Sicilia
4695:Noricum
4598:Galatia
4563:Cilicia
4543:Assyria
4533:Armenia
4084:in 189
4076:Shebiit
3922:Book XX
3897:9 March
3871:9 March
3840:Sejanus
3807:XVIII.8
3759:XVI.115
3743:XXX.203
3673:Tacitus
3608:Shabbat
3535:Sebaste
3406:17.11.4
3377:(1976).
3340:.14.4:
3026:99–102
2584:Antioch
2496:Coinage
2467:Economy
2418:Galilee
2369:66–70:
2278:, when
2178:Jericho
2174:Amathus
2144:praetor
2132:prefect
2080:or the
2070:Galilee
1930:Ottoman
1920:Ayyubid
1910:Fatimid
1905:Abbasid
1900:Umayyad
1852:Secunda
1719:Jericho
1604:Galilee
1588:Batanea
1576:Samaria
1495:Museums
1480:Yahwism
1469:Related
1447:Zionism
1437:Judaism
1333:Zionism
1237:395–638
1229:Secunda
1211:136–395
1141:Kingdom
987:Retjenu
936:Kebaran
882:Hadrian
858:Galilee
793:Antipas
712:Galilee
602:Samaria
568:Ioudaía
564::
557:Ἰουδαία
523:Tannaim
394:•
379:Galilee
351:•
338:•
146:34°54′E
143:32°30′N
115:Capital
108:Hadrian
87:of the
4710:Raetia
4655:Iudaea
4649:Italia
4593:Epirus
4578:Cyprus
4498:Achaia
4444:, 1906
4395:
4326:, p. 7
4304:
4296:
4265:
4231:
4205:
4195:
4170:
4160:
4111:
4049:
4043:297879
4041:
4033:
3989:Judaea
3978:
3826:
3701:
3678:Annals
3638:
3514:
3482:
3350:Caesar
3321:
3291:
3261:
3233:
2972:80–85
2954:72–81
2936:71–72
2918:70–71
2882:64–66
2864:62–64
2846:60–62
2828:52–60
2810:48–52
2792:46–48
2774:44–46
2756:41–44
2737:37–41
2719:36–37
2665:12–15
2613:Reign
2559:lituus
2515:bronze
2510:prutot
2452:Hebrew
2398:rank).
2395:Judaea
2355:legate
2328:Izates
2251:Legate
2180:, and
2170:Gadara
2105:Legate
2078:Peraea
2076:, nor
1975:Israel
1925:Mamluk
1759:Israel
1739:Canaan
1662:on the
1623:Legate
1616:Jamnia
1610:) and
1580:Idumea
1558:, the
1348:Yishuv
1316:Eyalet
1251:Urdunn
1201:70–638
992:Habiru
978:Canaan
961:Lodian
905:Israel
896:on the
820:Philip
750:Pompey
614:Judaea
590:Idumea
544:Iudaea
536:Judaea
507:Israel
383:Peraea
270:
192:
71:
57:
34:, see
32:Levant
4720:Syria
4583:Dacia
4393:JSTOR
4302:JSTOR
4137:Kelim
4130:(ed.
4109:JSTOR
4069:(ed.
4047:S2CID
4039:JSTOR
3610:15a;
3429:1.664
3397:2.6.3
3369:) to
3008:c.93
2990:c.86
2647:9–12
2610:Name
2456:יהודה
2109:Syria
2086:Egypt
1955:Nakba
1763:Judah
1627:Syria
1608:Perea
1572:Judea
1372:Years
1224:Prima
997:Shasu
862:Perea
840:Judea
801:Herod
737:, by
716:Perea
629:Judea
618:Judea
598:Judea
540:Latin
401:70 AD
388:44 AD
61:Latin
36:Judea
4538:Asia
4417:help
4294:ISSN
4263:LCCN
4229:ISBN
4203:OCLC
4193:ISBN
4168:OCLC
4158:ISBN
4031:ISSN
3976:ISBN
3955:2024
3899:2023
3873:2023
3824:ISBN
3699:ISBN
3636:ISBN
3512:ISBN
3480:ISBN
3319:ISBN
3289:ISBN
3259:ISBN
3231:ISSN
2629:6–9
2582:and
2580:Dura
2556:and
2542:and
2534:and
2191:had
1606:and
1578:and
1338:OETA
860:and
822:and
779:and
714:and
608:and
525:and
381:and
125:Area
4366:(3)
4139:1:6
4078:9:2
4023:doi
3944:doi
3426:War
3223:doi
2704:10
2686:11
2146:of
2107:of
1625:of
1618:).
1598:),
1582:),
775:as
4762::
4438:,
4409::
4407:}}
4403:{{
4385:.
4364:27
4362:,
4358:,
4324:64
4322:,
4300:.
4290:53
4288:.
4284:.
4243:^
4215:^
4201:.
4166:.
4105:61
4103:.
4086:CE
4045:.
4037:.
4029:.
4019:52
4017:.
3984:.
3942:.
3938:.
3914:.
3890:,
3864:.
3830:,
3723:,
3707:.
3675:,
3657:,
3614:,
3598:,
3580:,
3550:.
3488:.
3443:,
3424:,
3399:;
3389:,
3303:^
3273:^
3243:^
3229:.
3219:68
3217:.
3213:.
3155:1
3137:3
3119:1
3101:3
3083:3
3065:2
3047:2
3029:3
3011:1
2993:1
2975:5
2957:9
2939:1
2921:1
2903:4
2885:2
2867:2
2849:2
2831:8
2813:4
2795:2
2777:2
2759:3
2740:4
2722:1
2668:3
2650:3
2632:3
2586:.
2523:.
2484:,
2462:).
2454::
2365::
2322:,
2315:.
2222:.
2184:.
2176:,
2172:,
2159:c.
2096:.
2072:,
2011:;
2007:;
2002:;
1895:)
1891:,
1858:))
1854:,
1850:,
1842:,
1838:,
1834:,
1820:,
1816:,
1761:,
1629:,
1590:,
1574:,
1249:,
1031:,
852:,
768:.
756:,
722:.
695:.
678:c.
646:,
631:.
600:,
596:,
592:,
582:AD
559:,
555::
551:;
542::
4476:e
4469:t
4462:v
4419:)
4399:.
4308:.
4269:.
4237:.
4209:.
4174:.
4115:.
4088:.
4053:.
4025::
3957:.
3946::
3924:.
3875:.
3809:.
3793:.
3777:.
3761:.
3745:.
3644:.
3554:.
3520:.
3431:.
3327:.
3297:.
3267:.
3237:.
3225::
2241:)
2044:e
2037:t
2030:v
2015:)
1998:(
1887:(
1846:(
1830:(
1824:)
1812:(
1765:)
1757:(
1651:.
1538:e
1531:t
1524:v
1253:)
1245:(
1198:)
1194:(
1167:)
1163:(
538:(
529:.
345:6
77:)
73:(
63:)
59:(
38:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
.svg)