113:. There he practised as a physician with much success, and rose to some eminence. In 1555, and again in 1556, the Duchess Anne of Friesland sent him to Scotland as her Commissioner on matters of trade. In 1558 he returned home, and preached for some time in Dundee, with much acceptance among the friends of reform. In 1559, when John Knox had to leave Edinburgh in peril of his life, Willook took his place as the evangelist of the Reformation. It was then that he conducted in St Giles what is believed to have been the earliest public celebration of the Holy Communion in Scotland after the reformed ritual. In 1560, when Queen Mary of Guise lay dying, the Earls of Argyll and Moray, and other
265:, at Ayr, but as they failed to agree on the method of interpreting scripture it did not take place (see correspondence between them in, and in. The sentence of outlawry of him and others was passed, notwithstanding the assembly of a large body of armed reformers at Perth, to whom a promise had been made that Willock and his friends would not be further molested; but the outlawry could not be rendered effective. Willock had come to Perth in company with the Earl of Glencairn, and while there he and Knox had an interview with
105:, his fast friend, were granted general license to preach anywhere in England. Henry, Earl of Huntingdon, presented him to the rectory of Loughborough in Leicestershire, a living which he continued to hold during King Edward's reign, and again during that of Queen Elizabeth for the rest of his life. Thus in his later years he was in the unique position of being at the same time a parish minister in both England and Scotland. When Mary Tudor came to the English throne in 1553, Willock fled to
432:,' seeks to identify Willock with one "John Willokis, descended of Scottish progenitors," who on 27 April 1590 is referred to in a state paper as being in prison in Leicester, after having been convicted by a jury of robbery. The supposition of Chalmers, sufficiently improbable in itself, is of course disposed of by the entry of the rector's death in the parish register, but there is just a possibility that the robber may have been the rector's son.
1326:
957:
273:, from whom they received an assurance that should the queen regent depart from her agreement they would "with their whole powers" assist and concur "with their brethren in all time to come". After the destruction of the monasteries at Perth, which followed the breach of agreement by the queen regent, Willock and
93:., "for abolishing diversity of opinion" in matters of religion. He was found guilty of preaching against purgatory, holy water, priestly confession, and prayer to the saints, and of holding that priests might lawfully be married, he was for some time confined in the Fleet prison. After the accession of
305:
to take into consideration her conduct, and
Willock, on being asked his judgment, gave it as his opinion that she "might justly be deprived of the government," in which, with certain provisos, he was seconded by Knox. The result was that her authority was suspended, and a council appointed to manage
293:
had been completed with the queen regent it was deemed advisable that Knox should for a while retire from
Edinburgh, Willock acting as his substitute in St. Giles. During Knox's absence strenuous efforts were made by the queen regent to have the old form of worship re-established, but Willock firmly
145:
After that, Willock went back to his
English rectory at Loughborough. In 1567 the General Assembly sent him a strong letter of appeal, begging him to come again to aid the good cause. This led to his return, and he was Moderator of Assembly in 1568. He went again to Loughborough, and was there in
345:
As a
Scottish reformer Willock stands next to Knox in initiative and in influence; but it is possible that the rigid severity of Knox became distasteful to him, and, apparently deeming the religious atmosphere of England more congenial, he about 1562—in which year he was, however, in June and
249:
He finally settled in
Scotland in 1558, when, although "he contracted a dangerous sickness," he held meetings with several of the nobility, barons, and gentlemen, "teaching and exhorting from his bed"; and, according to Knox, it was the encouragement and exhortations of Willock in Dundee and
146:
1570 when the Regent Moray was assassinated. Knox then wished much to have the aid of his old friend in the perplexities of the time, but
Willock could not come. His letter to Knox tells of his sorrow at the loss of the good regent, and of his great admiration for that departed statesman.
257:, he preached regularly in St. John's Church. On 2 February 1559 he was indicted for heresy before the queen regent and her council, and for failing to appear and continuing to preach at Ayr he was outlawed on 10 May following. In March 1559 a disputation was proposed between him and
326:
the queen regent on her deathbed in June following, when, according to Knox, he did plainly show her as well the virtue and strength of the death of Jesus Christ as the vanity and abomination of that idol the mass. By the committee of parliament he was in July 1560 named
88:
reformer. He appears to have been a friar of the
Franciscan House at Ayr. Having joined the party of reform before 1541, he fled for his life to England. There he became noted as a zealous and taking preacher. This led to his arrest for heresy under an Act of
413:
Willock died in his rectory at
Loughborough on 4 December 1585, and was buried the next day, being Sunday; his wife Catherine survived him fourteen years, and was buried at Loughborough on 10 Oct 1599 (Fletcher, Parish Registers of Loughborough). Though
362:. Nevertheless, by continuing for several years to hold the office of Superintendent of the West, he retained his connection with the Scottish church, and he was elected Moderator of the General Assembly on 25 June 1564, 25 June 1565, and 1 July 1568.
237:, the Countess and Regent of East Frisia; but according to Knox his principal purpose in visiting Scotland was "to assaye what God wald wirk to him in his native country. While there he was present at the supper in the house of
141:
in 1563, 1564, 1565, and 1568. In 1565 Queen Mary endeavoured to put a stop to his activity by having him imprisoned in
Dumbarton Castle; but the Reformers were now too strong for her, and she had to depart from her purpose.
369:
sent him through Knox a letter praying him to return to his old charge in
Scotland; but although he did visit Scotland and officiated as Moderator of the Assembly, he again returned to his charge in England. According to
1391:
440:
Willock's wife survived until 1599. His last will makes provision for his son Edmund, and Edmund's wife Grizel, also for their children John, Katherine, Mary, Bridget, Dorothy, and George.
117:
advised her to "send for a godly, learned man of whom she might receive instruction"; and Willock was chosen to minister to her, which he faithfully did. That same year he was made
397:
He travelled to Scotland in May 1568, and wrote that people of the north of England, who were "mere ignorant of religion and altogether untaught" were pleased at the news that
331:
of the West, to which he was admitted at Glasgow in July 1561. He was also in July 1560 named one of a commission appointed by the Lords of the Congregation to draw up the
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347:
138:
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Edinburgh that made "the brethren" begin "to deliberate on some public reformation," and resolve to send to the queen regent an "oration and petition" on the subject.
101:, who had married King Henry's niece, and is best known as the father of Lady Jane Grey. He preached for a time in London, in St Katherine's Church, when both he and
1287:
306:
the affairs of the kingdom until a meeting of parliament, Willock being one of the four ministers chosen to assist in the deliberations of the council.
121:
of Glasgow and the West. He was also one of the six Johns entrusted with the drawing up of the First Book of Discipline, the others being John Knox,
1206:
365:
While he was in Scotland in 1565 the queen made endeavours to have him sent to the castle of Dumbarton, but he made his escape. In January 1568
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resisted her attempts; and in August he administered the Lord's supper for the first time in Edinburgh after the reformed manner.
241:, when a final resolution was come to by the leading reformers against attendance at the mass. He returned to East Frisia in 1557
1340:
130:
753:
379:
359:
266:
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137:. Sometime in that year he went to England, and brought home his wife, Katherine Picknavell, an English lady. He was chosen
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198:
118:
98:
1107:
1065:
822:
Calendar of the state papers relating to Scotland and Mary, Queen of Scots. 1547–1603. Volume 2. A.D. 1563–1569
811:
Calendar of the state papers relating to Scotland and Mary, Queen of Scots. 1547–1603. Volume 1. A.D. 1547–1563
999:
History of the affairs of church and state in Scotland, from the beginning of the Reformation to the year 1568
884:
425:
229:, where he practised as a physician. In 1555, and again in 1556, he was sent to Scotland on a commission to
1093:
779:
683:
1238:
1081:
Lectures on the history of the Church of Scotland : from the Reformation to the Revolution Settlement
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619:
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539:
523:
1061:
1047:
1029:
1011:
302:
1254:
Collections upon the lives of the reformers and most eminent ministers of the Church of Scotland
1015:
1141:
1095:
St Giles, Edinburgh: Church, College, and Cathedral: from the Earliest Times to the Present Day
322:. Willock returned to Scotland in 1560, and, at the request of the reformed nobility, attended
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in London has been suggested as Craig escaped from the continent to avoid the reaches of
238:
134:
1183:
Fasti Ecclesiæ Scoticanæ: the succession of ministers in the parish churches of Scotland
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Fasti Ecclesiæ Scoticanæ: the succession of ministers in the parish churches of Scotland
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1226:
Calendar of State Papers: Foreign Series, of the Reign of Elizabeth, 1561–1562
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a convention of the nobility, barons, and burghers was on 21 October held in
230:
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Calendar of State Papers: Foreign Series, of the Reign of Elizabeth, 1564-5
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1360:
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122:
913:. Vol. 28 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 688.
1186:. Vol. 1 (2nd ed.). Edinburgh: Oliver & Boyd. p. 50.
944:
394:, for an arrangement by which the Duke would marry the Queen of Scots.
90:
62:
193:, where, about 1542, he became preacher at St. Catherine's Church and
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110:
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94:
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85:
1172:, Part I (1st ed.). Edinburgh: W. Paterson. pp. 375–376.
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After the queen regent had broken the treaty and begun to fortify
960:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
378:
made use of Willock to reveal to Elizabeth, through the Earls of
319:
314:
Not long afterwards Willock left for England and a meeting with
277:
towards the close of June 1559 entered Edinburgh along with the
158:, but nothing is known of his parentage. He was educated at the
253:
Afterwards Willock went to Ayr, where, under the protection of
190:
1325:
1194:
A history of the lives of the Protestant reformers in Scotland
298:
222:
1392:
Moderators of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland
953:. Vol. 62. London: Smith, Elder & Co. p. 30.
1229:. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office. pp. 23 v.
166:
1123:
Memoirs of his own life by Sir James Melville of Halhill
459:
457:
1197:. Edinburgh: for John Ogle by James Ballantyne and Co.
454:
785:
501:
84:) (c. 1515 – 4 December 1585) was a
1243:. London: Longman & Co., and TrĂĽbner & Co.
1147:History and Antiquities of the County of Leicester
1002:. Vol. III. Edinburgh: Spottiswoode Society.
1373:
974:Makers of the Scottish church at the reformation
244:
976:. Edinburgh: Macniven & Wallace. pp.
309:
1281:
424:, it does not appear that he left any works.
271:Lord James Stewart (afterwards Earl of Moray)
1201:
1084:. Vol. 1. Edinburgh: William Blackwood.
475:
1098:. Edinburgh: W. & R. Chambers. p.
931:. Vol. II. Edinburgh: Andreas Balfour.
419:
1288:
1274:
865:
847:
829:
1233:
1219:
1215:. Vol. 1. Edinburgh: Bannatyne Club.
1070:. Vol. I. Edinburgh: Wodrow Society.
935:
879:. Vol. 3. Edinburgh: Wodrow Society.
861:. Vol. 2. Edinburgh: Wodrow Society.
843:. Vol. 1. Edinburgh: Wodrow Society.
679:
1116:
917:
897:
883:
775:
759:
711:
507:
1140:
825:. Edinburgh: HM General Register House.
814:. Edinburgh: HM General Register House.
743:
663:
1374:
1247:
928:Historia ecclesiastica gentis Scotorum
360:Henry Hastings, 3rd Earl of Huntingdon
281:. Shortly afterwards Knox was elected
199:Henry Grey, afterwards Duke of Suffolk
1397:16th-century Scottish medical doctors
1269:
1257:. Glasgow: Maitland Club. p. 99.
1190:
1176:
1158:
1060:
1056:. Vol. 6. Edinburgh: James Thin.
1042:
1038:. Vol. 2. Edinburgh: James Thin.
1024:
1020:. Vol. 1. Edinburgh: James Thin.
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1088:
1067:The Miscellany of the Wodrow Society
996:(1850). Lyon, Charles Jobson (ed.).
818:
807:
727:
1402:Alumni of the University of Glasgow
1074:
876:The History of the Kirk of Scotland
858:The History of the Kirk of Scotland
840:The History of the Kirk of Scotland
13:
1251:(1834). Duncan, William J. (ed.).
340:
16:Scottish church leader (1515–1585)
14:
1413:
1212:History of the Church of Scotland
1112:. Vol. III. Edinburgh. 1843.
348:Moderator of the General Assembly
139:Moderator of the General Assembly
1324:
1154:, Part II. London: John Nichols.
955:
950:Dictionary of National Biography
367:the General Assembly of the Kirk
165:For some time he was a friar in
1109:Miscellany of the Maitland Club
358:, to which he was presented by
352:All Saints Church, Loughborough
287:St Giles' Cathedral, Edinburgh
208:
1:
1126:. Edinburgh: Bannatyne Club.
443:
149:
109:, in the Protestant Duchy of
245:During the Scots Reformation
7:
937:Henderson, Thomas Finlayson
890:The life of Thomas Ruddiman
310:After the Scots Reformation
10:
1418:
819:Bain, Joseph, ed. (1900).
808:Bain, Joseph, ed. (1898).
800:
1333:
1322:
1308:
893:. London: John Stockdale.
435:
279:Lords of the Congregation
233:, the Queen Regent, from
115:Lords of the Congregation
61:
53:
43:
35:
30:
23:
1302:First Book of Discipline
968:Hewat, Kirkwood (1920).
448:
334:First Book of Discipline
910:Encyclopædia Britannica
185:. He then embraced the
171:Archbishop Spottiswoode
49:rectory of Loughborough
1053:The works of John Knox
1035:The works of John Knox
1017:The works of John Knox
871:Thomson, Thomas Napier
853:Thomson, Thomas Napier
835:Thomson, Thomas Napier
420:
99:Henry, Duke of Suffolk
1296:The Six Johns of the
1191:Scott, James (1810).
904:"Willock, John"
255:the Earl of Glencairn
160:University of Glasgow
67:University of Glasgow
588:appendix pp. 393–404
399:Mary, Queen of Scots
213:On the accession of
1090:Lees, James Cameron
388:the Duke of Norfolk
239:John Erskine of Dun
221:in 1553 he went to
177:, but according to
154:He was a native of
97:he was chaplain to
1203:Spottiswoode, John
428:, in his "Life of
409:Death and namesake
386:, the dealings of
376:the Earl of Morton
372:Sir James Melville
350:—became rector of
267:the Earl of Argyll
1369:
1368:
1235:Stevenson, Joseph
1221:Stevenson, Joseph
867:Calderwood, David
849:Calderwood, David
831:Calderwood, David
476:Spottiswoode 1847
466:, pp. 50–51.
401:had escaped from
263:Crossraguel Abbey
235:Anna of Oldenburg
187:reformed religion
71:
70:
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1351:John Spottiswood
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1298:Scots Confession
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418:ascribed to him
403:Lochleven Castle
392:the Regent Moray
201:, the father of
127:John Spottiswood
31:Personal details
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341:Life in England
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183:Dominican Order
169:, according to
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47:4 December 1585
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1309:Superintendent
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1249:Wodrow, Robert
1245:
1237:, ed. (1870).
1231:
1223:, ed. (1866).
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970:"John Willock"
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901:, ed. (1911).
899:Chisholm, Hugh
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1382:1510s births
1356:John Willock
1355:
1341:John Douglas
1253:
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1225:
1211:
1193:
1182:
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1164:
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1066:
1062:Laing, David
1052:
1048:Laing, David
1034:
1030:Laing, David
1016:
1012:Laing, David
998:
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973:
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744:Nichols 1804
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303:the Tolbooth
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252:
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189:and went to
164:
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131:John Douglas
81:
77:
74:John Willock
73:
72:
54:Denomination
25:John Willock
18:
1387:1585 deaths
1361:John Winram
945:Lee, Sidney
604:pp. 259–277
261:, abbot of
227:East Frisia
209:East Frisia
123:John Winram
1376:Categories
1178:Scott, Hew
1160:Scott, Hew
1044:Knox, John
1026:Knox, John
1008:Knox, John
792:Scott 1915
696:Knox 1895c
648:Knox 1895b
632:Knox 1895a
616:Knox 1895a
600:Laing 1844
584:Keith 1850
568:Knox 1895a
552:Knox 1895a
536:Knox 1895a
520:Knox 1895a
492:Scott 1810
464:Scott 1915
444:References
380:Huntingdon
316:John Craig
175:Franciscan
150:Early life
91:Henry VIII
63:Alma mater
1316:John Knox
1076:Lee, John
1046:(1895c).
1028:(1895b).
1010:(1895a).
939:(1900). "
728:Bain 1900
384:Leicester
346:December
111:Friesland
103:John Knox
95:Edward VI
57:Christian
1346:John Row
1300:and the
1205:(1847).
1180:(1915).
1162:(1868).
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833:(1842).
780:page 307
764:page 667
572:page 301
556:page 256
540:page 247
524:page 245
480:page 183
430:Ruddiman
283:minister
195:chaplain
156:Ayrshire
135:John Row
86:Scottish
78:Willocks
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1050:(ed.).
1032:(ed.).
1014:(ed.).
984:19 July
947:(ed.).
925:(ed.).
873:(ed.).
855:(ed.).
837:(ed.).
801:Sources
652:page 71
496:page 53
320:Pius IV
291:a truce
217:to the
181:of the
173:of the
1260:448 sq
1130:
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748:p. 892
732:p. 412
716:p. 213
668:p. 900
436:Family
191:London
133:, and
107:Embden
82:Willox
620:p 342
449:Notes
390:with
299:Leith
223:Emden
1128:ISBN
986:2020
980:-165
382:and
275:Knox
269:and
215:Mary
76:(or
44:Died
39:1515
36:Born
1152:III
1100:113
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354:in
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