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John Needham

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He did experiments with gravy and later, tainted wheat, in containers. This was in order to experiment with spontaneous generation. Needham was curious on how this term was relevant. The experiments consisted of briefly boiling a broth mixture and then cooling the mixture in an open container to room
403:, an Italian scientist. Using a slightly different protocol (with a longer boiling time), Spallanzani did not have any microbes grow in his sealed flasks, contradicting Needham's findings. 387:
temperature. Later, the flasks would be sealed, and microbes would grow a few days later. Those experiments seemed to show that there was a life force that produced
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while in seminary school and later published a paper which, while the subject was mostly about geology, described the mechanics of pollen and won recognition in the
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of microbes and the cooling of flasks left open to the air could cause microbial contamination. It could also be ascertained that Needham did not use proper
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Needham's experiments with the spontaneous generation of life were cited by French Enlightenment philosopher
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during a feud regarding spontaneous generation in which Voltaire was against Needham and his theories.
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Observations upon the Generation, Composition, and Decomposition of Animal and Vegetable Substances
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Nouvelles recherches physiques et métaphysiques sur la nature et la religion
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in 1747 and was the first Catholic priest to do so.
178:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 543: 458:An Account of Some New Microscopical Discoveries 105:but its sources remain unclear because it lacks 361:(10 September 1713 – 30 December 1781) was an 71:Learn how and when to remove these messages 503:(in French). Paris: Jacques Lacombe. 1769. 256:Learn how and when to remove this message 238:Learn how and when to remove this message 136:Learn how and when to remove this message 30:For other people with the same name, see 444: 14: 544: 520:(in French). Leiden: Elie Luzac. 1747. 176:adding citations to reliable sources 147: 77: 36: 406:He is frequently believed to be an 24: 25: 583: 525: 52:This article has multiple issues. 280: 152: 82: 41: 552:18th-century British biologists 163:needs additional citations for 60:or discuss these issues on the 483:. London: Charles Davis. 1746. 413:, a myth which was created by 13: 1: 517:New microscopical discoveries 468:New microscopical discoveries 450:New microscopical discoveries 32:John Needham (disambiguation) 27:English biologist and priest 7: 508: 10: 588: 572:Catholic clergy scientists 537:Biography at Science World 420:He became a member of the 29: 431:in his atheist work, the 349: 339: 332: 322: 306: 291: 279: 272: 440: 375:He was first exposed to 356:John Turberville Needham 91:This article includes a 18:John Turberville Needham 532:Encyclopædia Britannica 120:more precise citations. 453: 389:spontaneous generation 448: 172:improve this article 401:Lazzaro Spallanzani 557:English biologists 454: 377:natural philosophy 93:list of references 480:Letter from Paris 397:sterile technique 353: 352: 334:Scientific career 295:10 September 1713 266: 265: 258: 248: 247: 240: 222: 146: 145: 138: 75: 16:(Redirected from 579: 521: 504: 484: 434:System of Nature 317: 315: 310:30 December 1781 302: 300: 284: 270: 269: 261: 254: 243: 236: 232: 229: 223: 221: 180: 156: 148: 141: 134: 130: 127: 121: 116:this article by 107:inline citations 86: 85: 78: 67: 45: 44: 37: 21: 587: 586: 582: 581: 580: 578: 577: 576: 542: 541: 528: 514: 511: 497: 477: 443: 429:Baron d'Holbach 313: 311: 298: 296: 287: 275: 262: 251: 250: 249: 244: 233: 227: 224: 181: 179: 169: 157: 142: 131: 125: 122: 111: 97:related reading 87: 83: 46: 42: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 585: 575: 574: 569: 564: 559: 554: 540: 539: 534: 527: 526:External links 524: 523: 522: 510: 507: 506: 505: 495: 485: 475: 465: 442: 439: 370:Roman Catholic 351: 350: 347: 346: 341: 337: 336: 330: 329: 324: 320: 319: 318:(aged 68) 308: 304: 303: 293: 289: 288: 285: 277: 276: 273: 264: 263: 246: 245: 228:September 2022 187:"John Needham" 160: 158: 151: 144: 143: 126:September 2022 101:external links 90: 88: 81: 76: 50: 49: 47: 40: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 584: 573: 570: 568: 565: 563: 560: 558: 555: 553: 550: 549: 547: 538: 535: 533: 530: 529: 519: 518: 513: 512: 502: 501: 496: 493: 489: 486: 482: 481: 476: 473: 469: 466: 463: 459: 456: 455: 451: 447: 438: 436: 435: 430: 425: 423: 422:Royal Society 418: 416: 412: 409: 404: 402: 398: 394: 390: 384: 382: 378: 373: 371: 367: 364: 360: 357: 348: 345: 342: 338: 335: 331: 328: 325: 321: 309: 305: 294: 290: 283: 278: 271: 268: 260: 257: 242: 239: 231: 220: 217: 213: 210: 206: 203: 199: 196: 192: 189: –  188: 184: 183:Find sources: 177: 173: 167: 166: 161:This article 159: 155: 150: 149: 140: 137: 129: 119: 115: 109: 108: 102: 98: 94: 89: 80: 79: 74: 72: 65: 64: 59: 58: 53: 48: 39: 38: 33: 19: 516: 499: 487: 479: 467: 457: 449: 432: 426: 419: 405: 385: 374: 355: 354: 333: 286:John Needham 274:John Needham 267: 252: 234: 225: 215: 208: 201: 194: 182: 170:Please help 165:verification 162: 132: 123: 112:Please help 104: 68: 61: 55: 54:Please help 51: 567:1781 deaths 562:1713 births 383:community. 323:Nationality 118:introducing 546:Categories 393:endospores 314:1781-12-31 299:1713-09-10 198:newspapers 57:improve it 366:biologist 63:talk page 509:Editions 490:. 1749. 470:. 1745. 460:. 1745. 415:Voltaire 372:priest. 462:Gallica 363:English 344:Biology 327:English 312: ( 297: ( 212:scholar 114:improve 452:, 1747 411:Jesuit 381:botany 340:Fields 214:  207:  200:  193:  185:  441:Works 408:Irish 219:JSTOR 205:books 99:, or 368:and 307:Died 292:Born 191:news 492:BHL 472:BHL 359:FRS 174:by 548:: 437:. 103:, 95:, 66:. 494:. 474:. 464:. 316:) 301:) 259:) 253:( 241:) 235:( 230:) 226:( 216:· 209:· 202:· 195:· 168:. 139:) 133:( 128:) 124:( 110:. 73:) 69:( 34:. 20:)

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