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190:, a 'polyartist' whose numerous inventions included a device for trimming the leaves of books, in addition to a flying machine, and a prototype submarine. Howell published five books that detailed the lives of former soldiers or sailors. His method seems to have involved befriending impoverished men and then noting down their stories; Howell assigned all royalties from publication to the subjects themselves.
183:, Nicol lived in constant fear of being impressed, and thus left Edinburgh for rural Scotland. Eventually he grew too old to be at risk of impressment, and so travelled to London in search of his naval pension, which he was unable to obtain. He returned to Scotland, where he was so poor that he had to pick scraps of coal from the street in order to keep himself warm.
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over 200 female convicts to
Australia. It was common practice for crew-members to take a 'wife' from the convicts – Nicol's wife, a convicted shoplifter from Lincoln named Sarah Whitlam, bore him a son during the voyage. They were separated on their arrival at Port Jackson in 1790, and Nicol
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96:, and his mother died in childbirth while Nicol was young. He was apprenticed to a cooper, and in 1776 joined the
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never saw either again. The day after Nicol's departure, Whitelam married another man.
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the globe during this period, doing so twice during his lifetime.
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into the Royal Navy, and subsequently fought at the battles of
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46:(1755-1825) was a Scottish sailor who in 1789 sailed on
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281:Baynham, Henry (2004). "Nicol, John (1755–1825)",
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309:The life and adventures of John Nicol, mariner
295:The Life and Adventures of John Nicol, Mariner
107:in the North Atlantic. He then served on HMS
327:(1825, vol. 95, part 2, pp. 472–3).
118:In the next few years Nicol sailed in a
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284:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
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175:After being discharged following the
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186:In 1822, Nicol was approached by
16:For those of a similar name, see
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26:John Nicholl (disambiguation)
113:American War of Independence
35:Portrait of John Nicol, the
22:John Nichol (disambiguation)
18:John Nicoll (disambiguation)
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287:(Oxford University Press),
141:In 1789 he left England on
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52:, a ship that transported
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251:Flannery 1997, pp. 16-17.
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269:Flannery 1997, pp. 3-4.
260:Flannery 1997, pp. 2-3.
233:Flannery 1997, pp. 7-8.
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293:Flannery, Tim (1997).
289:accessed 23 March 2012
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242:Flannery 1997, p. 14.
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324:Gentleman's Magazine
126:, and sailed to the
39:of his autobiography
100:, serving first on
92:. His father was a
153:In 1794 Nicol was
122:in the waters off
80:Nicol was born at
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351:Scottish sailors
319:Nicol's obituary
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58:Port Jackson
49:Lady Juliana
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37:frontispiece
346:1825 deaths
341:1755 births
314:Archive.org
224:Bayham 2004
188:John Howell
128:West Indies
335:Categories
276:References
134:. He also
98:Royal Navy
44:John Nicol
167:HMS
155:impressed
124:Greenland
115:in 1783.
86:Edinburgh
66:Australia
56:women to
163:the Nile
109:Surprise
90:Scotland
72:sailor.
70:Georgian
321:in the
169:Goliath
104:Proteus
84:, near
54:convict
94:cooper
82:Currie
24:, and
194:Notes
132:China
88:, in
161:and
130:and
102:HMS
76:Life
312:at
165:on
60:in
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201:^
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