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506:. He also married Emmett Charlotte Hannah on October 3, 1878, and they would have four children: 3 sons and a daughter. During the next six decades, McCausland became known as a progressive farmer, draining his land using tiles from a relative's factory, and increasing his acreage. In his final years, he lived with his daughter Charlotte, his sons operating farms nearby.
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in
February 1865. Warner, 1959, p. 260, lists Robertson as a Confederate general and states that he was the last Confederate general to die, notwithstanding that Warner also states that Robertson's July 26, 1864 appointment as brigadier general was rejected by the Confederate Senate on February 22,
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According to the 1850 census, John and his 2-year elder brother Robert also lived with Irish born steamboat captain
Alexander McCausland (43 years old) in Jane Smith's household. See 1850 U.S. Federal census for District 38, Mason County, Virginia p. 153 of 163. Neither McCausland nor Smith owned
38:
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until after 2p.m., only to find still-burning ruins, displaced civilians and a trail of miscellaneous merchandise looted, then dropped by McCausland's departing raiders. The Union army relentlessly pursued McCausland's cavalry, ambushing and routing them at the
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and escaped before the
Confederates surrendered the fort in February 1862. For the remainder of 1862 and 1863, McCausland's troops fought in the Department of Southwest Virginia. There, McCausland gained the nickname "Tiger John" for his fearless partisan raids.
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Much of
General McCausland's former farm was acquired by the State of West Virginia in 1981, and initially operated as John McCausland Memorial Farm. The living history museum (many of the 32 buildings moved from other areas) is now known as
427:, using his 2,800 men in various configurations to raid into Maryland (often extorting large sums of money from towns by threatening to burn them) and Pennsylvania. Under Early's orders, on July 30, 1864, McCausland burned the town of
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on May 9, 1864, McCausland took command of the
Confederate forces in western Virginia (including the new state of West Virginia). McCausland was promoted to brigadier general on May 18, 1864; Soon citizens credited him with saving
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campaign. In fact, Early's orders left little room for compromise or negotiation, and bankers had removed most of the money from
Chambersburg days earlier. Plus despite Union General
339:. The regiment had been formed from the 2nd Kanawha Regiment and part of the 3rd Kanawha Regiment, which had been recruited heavily from the south-western counties of what became
880:
566:, meets up with the modern day McCauslands and other farmers in the region to discuss the history and its impact upon their agricultural pursuits. It is narrated by actor
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401:. McCausland sent units to harass the Union supply trains, as well as burned bridges and fired upon the crews sent to rebuild them, buying time for Generals
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530:, who was working for Sam as a farmhand, over what may have been a fight over Gen. John McCausland's gun. Sam was convicted of second-degree murder.
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262:. Orphaned in 1843, he lived first with his grandmother until her death, then he and his brother went to live with his aunt Jane Smith near
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is often cited as the longest surviving general, dying on April 20, 1928, but his nomination for brigadier general was rejected by the
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431:, after it failed to pay a $ 100,000 extortion demand, justifying it as retaliation for the private property destroyed during Hunter's
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518:, on January 22, 1927, the last fully confirmed Confederate general to die. McCausland is buried in the Smith family cemetery in
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J. L. Scott, 36th
Virginia Infantry (Lynchburg, H.E. Howard Inc. Virginia Regimental History Series, 1st edition 1987) p. 42
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After the war, McCausland spent two years in Europe and Mexico before returning to the United States. In Mexico he was in
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439:'s early morning telegrams about the oncoming raiders, General William Averell's cavalry did not arrive from nearby
498:. With part of his inheritance from his father, he purchased a tract of 6,000 acres (24 km²) 17 miles from
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on June 5) and then reinforce
Lynchburg, where a train ruse about other reinforcements led Hunter to turn back.
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282:(VMI) and graduated with first honors in the class of 1857. In 1858, after a year of further studies at the
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290:, McCausland became an assistant professor of mathematics at VMI until 1861. In 1859 he and VMI professor
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The tiling method used by Gen. McCausland was abandoned in another part of the farm which became the
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https://www.aurora-llc.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/Fint%20Historic%20Roads%20paper%202010.pdf
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1160:. Military Campaigns of the Civil War. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2006.
522:. Eight years after his death, McCausland's son, Sam McCausland, shot and killed World War I
475:'s surrender, but withdrew to Lynchburg and disbanded his unit soon after. He was paroled in
558:, explores General McCausland's Civil War history, along with that of Native Americans, the
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467:. As at Fort Donelson, McCausland refused to surrender but escaped with his cavalry from
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Immediately after
Virginia seceded, McCausland recruited an artillery company from
538:. McCausland descendants still farm nearby. A documentary was commissioned by the
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as part of a mitigation to use McCausland Family property for its development of
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1216:"Grape Hill", John McCausland's Home at the National Register of Historic Places
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1142:. Baltimore: Nautical & Aviation Publishing Company of America, 1989.
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Struggle for the
Shenandoah: Essays on the 1864 Valley Campaign
343:
during the war. McCausland's regiment fought in the brigade of
1103:, Charleston, WV: The West Virginia Humanities Council, 2006.
721:, Charleston, WV: The West Virginia Humanities Council, 2006.
37:
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McCausland fought as a cavalry brigade commander during the
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to join forces at Staunton (although Jones would die at the
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McCausland died at his farm, "Grape Hill", in Pliny, near
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was mortally wounded during the Union Army victory at the
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911:
Rise and Fall of the Confederate Government (Volume II)
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After Early's campaign failed, McCausland rejoined the
1118:
Generals in Gray: Lives of the Confederate Commanders.
883:. valley.vcdh.virginia.edu. 1870-08-27. Archived from
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Generals in Gray: Lives of the Confederate Commanders.
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Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1959.
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Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1959.
858:. www.portal.state.pa.us. 1866-03-19. Archived from
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commanded a group of VMI cadets at the execution of
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on September 13, 1836, the son of an immigrant from
226:(September 13, 1836 – January 22, 1927) was a
327:) but refused a command, instead recruiting in the
1265:People of West Virginia in the American Civil War
881:"Franklin County: "The Burning of Chambersburg,""
617:List of American Civil War generals (Confederate)
397:as well as the house of former Virginia governor
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1182:. Kent, OH: Kent State University Press, 1991.
1173:Confederate Retaliation, McCausland's 1864 Raid
898:
1195:Tiger John, The Rebel Who Burned Chambersburg
554:library and is told in two parts. Part one,
270:. McCausland attended the Buffalo Academy in
1255:People of Virginia in the American Civil War
1175:, Burd Street Press, Shippensburg, PA, 2000.
785:
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1079:Confederate Military Units of West Virginia
1066:Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2001.
809:Confederate Military Units of West Virginia
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691:Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2001.
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350:in western Virginia and was transferred to
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1250:Confederate States Army brigadier generals
540:West Virginia Department of Transportation
358:army. McCauland and his men fought at the
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1280:People from Point Pleasant, West Virginia
1197:, Gauley Mount Press, Leesburg, VA, 1993.
756:
739:slaves in the corresponding slave census
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811:, Privately Published, 2002, pps. 30-31
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1158:The Shenandoah Valley Campaign of 1864
1140:Jubal Early's Raid on Washington, 1864
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366:After Confederate Brigadier General
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13:
1260:Virginia Military Institute alumni
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575:McClintic Wildlife Management Area
570:, who is also from West Virginia.
14:
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1270:Military personnel from St. Louis
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827:, W.W. Norton, 2017, pps. 204-205
1275:American people of Irish descent
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1088:New York: Facts On File, 1988.
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337:36th Virginia Infantry Regiment
1101:The West Virginia Encyclopedia
1037:"The Legacy of the Land | PBS"
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792:
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719:The West Virginia Encyclopedia
711:
702:
19:For the Irish politician, see
1:
1086:Who Was Who in the Civil War.
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750:"E-WV | Buffalo Academy"
516:Point Pleasant, West Virginia
482:
278:, studied engineering at the
107:Confederate States of America
75:Point Pleasant, West Virginia
1138:Cooling, Benjamin Franklin.
1081:, Privately Published, 2002.
992:Eicher, 2001, pp. 371, 609.
21:John McCausland (politician)
7:
580:
504:Mason County, West Virginia
395:Virginia Military Institute
280:Virginia Military Institute
268:Mason County, West Virginia
234:, famous for the ransom of
182:Battle of Charleston (1862)
10:
1296:
1012:"E-WV | Chester West"
953:"Milestones: Feb. 7, 1927"
856:"Chambersburg War Damages"
845:Ayers pp. 156-157, 168-169
622:Gen. John McCausland House
429:Chambersburg, Pennsylvania
372:Battle of Cloyd's Mountain
240:Chambersburg, Pennsylvania
18:
825:The Thin Light of Freedom
595:American Civil War portal
477:Charleston, West Virginia
453:Army of Northern Virginia
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288:Charlottesville, Virginia
209:
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150:
140:
132:
112:
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81:
64:
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35:
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1178:Gallagher, Gary W., ed.
1064:Civil War High Commands.
689:Civil War High Commands.
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560:Battle of Point Pleasant
520:Henderson, West Virginia
418:Valley Campaigns of 1864
356:Albert Sidney Johnston's
325:1st Rockbridge Artillery
264:Point Pleasant, Virginia
250:Early life and education
187:Valley Campaigns of 1864
87:Henderson, West Virginia
16:Confederate Army general
368:Albert Gallatin Jenkins
360:Battle of Fort Donelson
352:Bowling Green, Kentucky
254:McCausland was born in
177:Battle of Fort Donelson
127:Confederate States Army
1208:John A. McCausland in
1077:Linger, James Carter,
994:Felix Huston Robertson
807:Linger, James Carter,
548:The Legacy of the Land
469:Appomattox Court House
389:, who had invaded the
354:, to serve in General
284:University of Virginia
276:Harrisonburg, Virginia
274:, Then he traveled to
162:36th Virginia Infantry
1210:Encyclopedia Virginia
1058:Eicher, John H., and
789:Warner, 1959, p. 198.
683:Eicher, John H., and
133:Years of service
1193:Phillips, David L.,
1171:Haselberger, Fritz,
862:on February 10, 2015
461:Battle of Five Forks
446:Battle of Moorefield
302:for the uprising at
238:, and the razing of
236:Hagerstown, Maryland
224:John McCausland, Jr.
197:Battle of Five Forks
30:John McCausland, Jr.
1099:Sullivan, Ken, ed.
717:Sullivan, Ken, ed.
479:, on May 22, 1865.
465:Appomattox Campaign
457:Siege of Petersburg
256:St. Louis, Missouri
202:Appomattox Campaign
192:Siege of Petersburg
1154:Gallagher, Gary W.
1084:Sifakis, Stewart.
998:Confederate Senate
422:Lieutenant General
411:Battle of Piedmont
315:American Civil War
244:American Civil War
172:American Civil War
58:St Louis, Missouri
55:September 13, 1836
1166:978-0-8078-3005-5
1126:978-0-8071-0823-9
1109:978-0-9778498-0-2
1094:978-0-8160-1055-4
1072:978-0-8047-3641-1
942:Ayers pp. 204-216
727:978-0-9778498-0-2
697:978-0-8047-3641-1
661:978-0-8071-0823-9
550:, is part of the
433:Shenandoah Valley
391:Shenandoah Valley
345:Brigadier General
321:Rockbridge County
292:Stonewall Jackson
228:brigadier general
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145:Brigadier general
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407:John Imboden
399:John Letcher
387:David Hunter
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300:Charles Town
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168:Battles/wars
70:(1927-01-22)
1245:1927 deaths
1240:1836 births
918:. pp.
798:Scott p. 42
441:Greencastle
331:at General
1234:Categories
1053:References
970:2023-01-19
891:2007-09-21
866:2015-05-05
836:Scott p.42
556:The Legacy
526:recipient
489:Maximilian
483:Later life
463:, and the
381:Union Army
296:John Brown
95:Allegiance
51:1836-09-13
965:0040-781X
908:(1990) .
729:. p. 463.
699:. p. 371.
663:. p. 197.
493:President
377:Lynchburg
266:, now in
210:Signature
581:See also
564:The Land
420:, under
151:Commands
113:Service/
471:before
455:in the
260:Ireland
230:in the
1186:
1164:
1156:, ed.
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