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build the
Mansion. The building, designed with the simple, classic lines of Italian Renaissance, was complete in 1908 with six bedrooms, three baths, a parlor, dining room and library at the cost of $ 35,000. At that time, Spreckels' Mansion featured a brass cage elevator, a marble staircase with leather-padded handrails, skylights, marble floors and some of the Island's most spectacular gardens. The home was built with reinforced steel and concrete, an earthquake precaution Spreckels insisted upon after living through the 1906 San Francisco earthquake. Spreckels lived in the Glorietta Boulevard mansion until his death in 1926. It is now a popular boutique hotel, the
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An evolution from previous streetcar models, the Class 1s were designed with artistry, state-of-the-art technology and San Diego's unique climate in mind. Under
Spreckels' guise, the engineers of SDERy drafted up plans that took elements from both the "California Car" and the "Closed Car" designs and
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At its peak, the SDERy's routes would operate throughout greater San Diego over some 165 miles (266 kilometers) of track. And though the system had operated continuously for more than half a century, declining ridership (due in large part to the increasing usage of the automobile) ultimately led the
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Spreckels' first permanent residence in the San Diego area was the
Spreckels Mansion, located at 1630 Glorietta Boulevard. The Mansion sat on five acres of land overlooking Glorietta Bay across from the Hotel del Coronado. In 1906, Spreckels, 53, contracted Architect Harrison Albright to design and
267:. The various of the lines’ ships transported passengers, sugar and/or other food cargoes and provided mail service. For decades, the company provided the only mail service between the U.S. and Australia and New Zealand. The Oceanic ships that transported mail to Australia and New Zealand were the
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In subsequent years, damage to the lines from heavy rainstorms, landslides, and fires took a financial toll on the railroad, as did border closings with Mexico. In 1932, financial difficulties forced
Spreckels' heirs to sell their interests in the firm for $ 2.8 million to the
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to stock up on supplies. Impressed by the real estate boom then taking place, he invested in the construction of a wharf and coal bunkers at the foot of
Broadway (then called "D" Street). That boom ended soon but Spreckels' interest in San Diego would last for the rest of his life.
513:(1866–1932). John D. Spreckels built the Ocean Boulevard beach house for his son Claus as a wedding present in 1910 and Claus's widow, Ellis, lived there until her death in 1967. The nearby mansion at 1015 Ocean is the location of the 2011 accidental death of 6-year-old
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all served to push the construction completion to
November 15, 1919, when the "golden spike" was finally driven by none other than Spreckels himself. Completing the SD&A was a monumental task that seriously affected Spreckels' health, almost costing him his life.
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system founded by
Spreckels in 1892. Spreckels' strategy involved buying up several failed downtown horse- and cable-drawn trolley routes, consolidating and standardizing the trackage, and electrifying the resulting unified street railway system.
393:, changing it from horse power to electricity, in 1892. The Hotel del Coronado was owned by the Coronado Beach Company which was originally capitalized with US$ 3 million. At the time of capitalization the original company directors were
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American railroad, dubbed "The
Impossible Railroad" by many engineers of its day due to the immense logistical challenges involved. Established in 1906 to provide San Diego with a direct rail link to the east by connecting with the
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Nolan, John
Matthew "2,543 Days: A History of the Hotel at the Grand Rapids Dam on the Wabash River" Discusses Charles T. Hinde, one of the silent investors of the Hotel del Coronado and how the Hotel del Coronado influenced the
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Speckels was noted as one of the West Coast's "most prominent and enthusiastic automobilists." When
California began requiring license plates in 1905, Spreckels acquired the first five plates for himself and his family.
852:, Colma. His biographer, Austin Adams, called him "one of America's few great Empire Builders who invested millions to turn a struggling, bankrupt village into the beautiful and cosmopolitan city San Diego is today."
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in Balboa Park to the people of San Diego just before the opening of the Exposition. Spreckels paid the salaries of a resident organ tuner and of the organist for many years, providing free daily organ concerts.
579:"Before you can hope to get people to live anywhere ... you must first of all show them that they can get there quickly, comfortably, and above all, cheaply. Transportation determines the flow of population."
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Upon his death he was eulogized as "One of America's few great Empire Builders who invested millions to turn a struggling, bankrupt village into the beautiful and cosmopolitan city San Diego is today."
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In the next decades, Spreckels became a millionaire many times over, and the wealthiest man in San Diego. At various times he owned all of Coronado Island, the San Diego-Coronado Ferry System, the
684:. As the owner of the San Diego Electric Railway Company, he also developed a unique fleet of special streetcars that could handle the large crowds attending this event. Following the Exposition,
299:, a company which J.D.’s father—Claus Spreckels—had early financed. Prior to its becoming associated with Matson, Oceanic had under J.D.’s control owned a total 17 ships, which were the iron ship
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The total construction cost was approximately $ 18 million, or some $ 123,000 per mile; the original estimate was $ 6 million. Construction delays, attacks by
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The shipping and passenger line of this enterprise was the Oceanic Steamship Company, which was founded by J.D. Spreckels in 1881. Its inaugural service was between
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Over the years, the SDERy constructed new lines to connect San Diego's burgeoning downtown with the region's up-and-coming outlying communities, including
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SDERy double-decker Car No. 1 pauses at the intersection of 5th Street & Market Street in San Diego during its inaugural run on September 21, 1892.
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211:, and later controlled two large fleets of sail and steam ships. The firm also engaged extensively in sugar refining, and became agents for leading
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in 1912, the Hotel San Diego, and the Golden West Hotel. He employed thousands of people and at one time he paid 10% of all the property taxes in
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377:, and together they had four children: Grace (1878–1937), Lillie (1880–1965), John (1882–1921), and Claus (1888–1935). They first lived in the
575:(developments where Spreckels owned the bulk of the land). Spreckels' underlying philosophy in this regard can best be summed up as follows:
700:-style streetcars were built and shipped out to San Diego. Ultimately, the Class 1 streetcars ran all over San Diego, from Coronado through
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Spreckels was president of several companies, including the Oceanic Steamship Company, operating a mail and passenger line to Hawaii and
803:"Get your water first, for without your water you get your population under false pretenses and they quit you when the water runs dry."
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Inside passenger list for departure from San Francisco, California, on July 26, 1899, of the Oceanic Steamship Co.'s iron steamer
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In 1880, with $ 2 million in capital, he organized J. D. Spreckels and Brothers, a company to establish a trade between the
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in San Diego, the first modern commercial playhouse west of the Mississippi. He gave generously to the fund to build the
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J.D. Spreckels drives the "golden spike" to ceremonially complete the San Diego and Arizona Railway on November 15, 1919
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would go on to provide a continuing public transportation service for the city of San Diego over the next 27 years.
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401:, H.W. Mallett, and Giles Kellogg. The Coronado Beach Company was responsible for numerous other investments in the
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He acquired control of the Coronado Beach Company, the Hotel del Coronado and Coronado Tent City; he bought the
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Both Spreckels Elementary School in San Diego and Spreckels Park in Coronado, California, are named for him.
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218:. Much of the development of commercial interests between the United States and Hawaii is due to this firm.
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One of Spreckels' major contributions to the city of San Diego was his commitment to the construction of
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Phillips, Morris "Abroad and at home:practical hints for tourists (Google eBook" Brentano's, 1891
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934:, August 1922, A.J. Dickie & F. A. Stanley, eds. “Fifty Years of Struggle” Staff pp. 466-469
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and the necessary pipeline to the city. The company was acquired by the City of San Diego.
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provided a 33-day direct mail service to Tahiti. In 1926 Oceanic became a subsidiary of
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The Ships List, which also details each ship’s tonnage and some of each ship’s history
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These streetcars were "retired" in 1939 to give way to the cheaper, Depression-era
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San Diego Historical Society San Diego Biographies: John D. Spreckels (1853–1926)
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458:. He built several downtown buildings, including the Union Building in 1908, the
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refashioned them into a new, modern transit fleet. Their plans were sent to the
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In October 1877, John Diedrich Spreckels married Lillie Siebein (1855–1924) in
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American newspaper publisher, railway entrepreneur, philanthropist (1853–1926)
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and then in San Francisco. In 1887, Spreckels visited San Diego on his yacht
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John D. Spreckels built the beach house, located at 1043 Ocean Boulevard in
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in 1901. He moved his family permanently to San Diego immediately after the
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Passenger list for July 26, 1899, departure of the Oceanic Steamship Co.'s
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and the Hawaiian Islands. The company began with one sailing vessel, the
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until 1872. He returned to California and began working for his father,
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Spreckels contributed to the cultural life of the city by building the
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965:(1900) "Trade of the Society Islands" No. 2727 Annual Series, pp. 6-7
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Part 5, Chapter 6: "John D. Spreckels Solves the Railroad Problem"
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In 1919, Spreckels completed the San Diego and Arizona Railway, a
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Class 1 Streetcar #125 at 5th and Broadway in San Diego, CA (1915)
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758:(which secretly provided the funding for the endeavor) lines in
720:. They even briefly served as a link to the U.S.-Mexico Border.
409:—to join him. They jointly invested and managed new businesses.
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History | The Home of the Historic San Diego Class 1 Streetcars
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San Diego History Center | San Diego, CA | Our City, Our Story
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The San Diego Electric Railway (SDERy) was a San Diego–based,
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Empire Builder: John D. Spreckels and the Making of San Diego
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112:(August 16, 1853 – June 7, 1926), the son of German-American
521:, and the contested suicide of Jonah Shacknai's girlfriend,
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1158:"License Plates With Low Numbers Became Political Rewards"
1063:"Spreckels/Shacknai mansion draws interest despite deaths"
1081:"Two deaths at Coronado mansion turn spotlight on owner"
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The Home of the San Diego Historic Class 1 Streetcars
119:, founded a transportation and real estate empire in
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revolutionaries, and government intervention during
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19th-century American newspaper publishers (people)
477:, the San Diego and Coronado Transfer Company, the
191:, where he worked for his father's sugar business,
147:The oldest of five children, Spreckels was born in
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725:Presidents’ Conference Committee (PCC) streetcars
123:, in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The
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1267:San Diego & Arizona: The Impossible Railroad
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1377:"John D. Spreckels Solves the Railroad Problem"
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1455:Businesspeople from Charleston, South Carolina
1337:. The S. J. Clark Publishing Company, Chicago.
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1223:. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press.
533:
1146:. Chilton Company, Incorporated. 1905-01-01.
1368:— History of the Inn and John D. Spreckels.
1182:"Index to Politicians: Spraker to Sprigade"
630:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1339:, v. 2, pp. 5–8: "John D. Spreckels"
1322:. San Diego Public Library, San Diego, CA.
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809:Southern California Mountain Water Company
798:Southern California Mountain Water Company
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29:
1440:19th-century American railroad executives
1289:Rawls, James J. and Walter Bean. (2003).
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1012:History of the Inn | Coronado Island
650:Learn how and when to remove this message
183:, who had grown extremely wealthy in the
950:© 1986 London: Cornwall Books, pp. 49-61
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588:service in favor of bus routes in 1949.
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517:, son of Jonah Shacknai, former CEO of
412:For a time, Spreckels was owner of the
127:'s many business ventures included the
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1045:Spreckels Mansion Sold For $ 9 Million
963:Diplomatic and Consular Reports France
1485:Burials at Cypress Lawn Memorial Park
792:San Diego and Arizona Eastern Railway
275:(3000 horsepower plant), the steamer
1061:Showley, Roger (September 5, 2016).
628:adding citations to reliable sources
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492:
475:San Diego and Coronado Ferry Company
251:and, later, also from California to
83:Lillie Siebein, 47 years (1877-1924)
1381:The History of San Diego: 1542–1908
1362:California AGHP — John D. Spreckels
1293:California: An Interpretive History
1269:. Trans-Anglo Books, Glendale, CA.
1018:
919:California AHGP - John D. Spreckels
844:Spreckels died on June 7, 1926, in
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479:Pajaro Valley Consolidated Railroad
13:
1480:The San Diego Union-Tribune people
151:, though the family soon moved to
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861:1915 Panama-California Exposition
790:, which renamed the railroad the
529:Transportation and infrastructure
187:business. In 1876 he went to the
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1026:Looking Inside Spreckels Mansion
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1450:Philanthropists from California
1320:History of San Diego: 1542-1908
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1130:City of San Diego Water History
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896:"John D. Spreckels (1853-1926)"
863:and, together with his brother
848:, San Diego, and was buried at
696:(SLCCo) where these beautiful,
487:San Diego & Arizona Railway
448:San Diego & Arizona Railway
391:San Diego street railway system
1435:American railway entrepreneurs
1387:"John D. Spreckels Lodge #657"
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331:(1883), the two mast schooner
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1:
1425:Businesspeople from San Diego
1314:— accessed September 6, 2005.
1297:. McGraw-Hill, New York, NY.
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745:San Diego and Arizona Railway
731:San Diego and Arizona Railway
428:1906 San Francisco earthquake
397:, John D. Spreckels, Captain
133:San Diego and Arizona Railway
1213:. Press of Frye & Smyth.
998:Spreckels Theatre, San Diego
682:Panama–California Exposition
664:San Diego Class 1 Streetcars
592:San Diego Class 1 Streetcars
440:Union-Tribune Publishing Co.
362:(1881), the wood brigantine
358:(1900), the wood brigantine
335:(1879), the wood brigantine
323:(1867), the wood brigantine
319:(1880), the wood brigantine
315:(1879), the wood brigantine
311:(1875), the wood brigantine
7:
1334:San Diego County California
1318:Smythe, William E. (1908).
979:. Accessed August 15, 2015.
967:. Accessed August 15, 2015.
952:. Accessed August 12, 2015.
936:. Accessed August 12, 2015.
831:Early automobile enthusiast
584:company to discontinue all
10:
1501:
1460:Businesspeople from Hawaii
1238:Dodge, Richard V. (1960).
1219:Bonura, Sandra E. (2020).
1000:at www.sandiegohistory.org
850:Cypress Lawn Memorial Park
811:, which in turn built the
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548:San Diego Electric Railway
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534:San Diego Electric Railway
483:San Diego Electric Railway
460:Spreckels Theater Building
444:San Diego Electric Railway
303:(1883), the wood schooner
149:Charleston, South Carolina
55:Charleston, South Carolina
1331:Black, Samuel T. (1913).
1265:Hanft, Robert M. (1984).
1211:The Man John D. Spreckels
1209:Adams, H. Austin (1924).
756:Southern Pacific Railroad
424:San Diego Evening Tribune
307:(1881), the iron steamer
297:Matson Navigation Company
271:(3000 horsepower plant),
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1240:Rails of the Silver Gate
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869:Spreckels Organ Pavilion
807:Spreckels organized the
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1393:Spreckels Organ Society
1349:Wabash County, Illinois
1186:The Political Graveyard
1067:San Diego Union-Tribune
694:Saint Louis Car Company
434:Relocation to San Diego
199:Entrepreneur beginnings
193:Spreckels Sugar Company
110:John Diedrich Spreckels
23:John Diedrich Spreckels
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686:the Class 1 streetcars
680:in preparation of the
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519:Medicis Pharmaceutical
346:, the passenger liner
327:(1880), the iron ship
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205:mainland United States
177:mechanical engineering
103:Anna Christina Mangels
1383:by William E. Smythe.
1143:Automotive Industries
932:Pacific Marine Review
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339:, the passenger ship
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216:plantations in Hawaii
155:. Spreckels attended
121:San Diego, California
73:San Diego, California
1475:History of San Diego
821:Lower Otay Reservoir
624:improve this section
403:Coronado, California
921:at www.usgennet.org
865:Adolph B. Spreckels
420:The San Diego Union
375:Hoboken, New Jersey
171:, where he studied
161:Polytechnic College
1345:Grand Rapids Hotel
948:Transpacific Steam
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415:San Francisco Call
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129:Hotel del Coronado
1409:California portal
1395:official website.
1248:Golden West Books
1085:Los Angeles Times
857:Spreckels Theatre
704:, Mission Hills,
698:Arts & Crafts
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511:Harrison Albright
500:Glorietta Bay Inn
493:Spreckels Mansion
379:Kingdom of Hawaii
325:John D. Spreckels
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35:Spreckels in 1901
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125:entrepreneur
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65:June 7, 1926
1470:1926 deaths
1465:1853 births
946:Tate, E.M.
779:World War I
714:Golden Hill
706:Ocean Beach
678:Balboa Park
360:W.H. Dimond
257:New Zealand
143:Early years
1419:Categories
1215:Biography.
1203:References
1191:2022-10-22
1167:2016-07-08
1120:Dodge 1960
1111:Adams 1924
1098:2019-07-14
905:2023-05-21
823:dams, the
751:short line
718:Kensington
710:North Park
554:light rail
485:, and the
245:California
47:1853-08-16
1093:0458-3035
760:El Centro
640:July 2011
611:does not
586:streetcar
489:Company.
471:Australia
368:Zealandia
309:Australia
293:Australia
277:Zealandia
253:Australia
238:Australia
227:Australia
213:sugarcane
173:chemistry
96:Parent(s)
80:Spouse(s)
846:Coronado
815:and the
768:Calexico
766:town of
702:Downtown
507:Coronado
370:(1875).
329:Mariposa
317:Consuelo
287:and the
273:Mariposa
165:Hannover
131:and the
88:Children
775:Mexican
632:removed
617:sources
383:Lurline
356:Ventura
333:Rosario
301:Alameda
289:Ventura
269:Alameda
209:Rosario
169:Germany
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813:Morena
716:, and
571:, and
450:, and
446:, the
442:, the
348:Sonoma
344:(1900)
342:Sierra
337:Salina
291:. The
285:Sonoma
283:, the
281:Sierra
279:, the
265:Tahiti
249:Hawaii
1379:from
879:Notes
817:Upper
261:Samoa
185:sugar
1299:ISBN
1271:ISBN
1252:ISBN
1225:ISBN
1089:ISSN
1031:NBC7
819:and
615:any
613:cite
502:.
352:Suez
305:Anna
263:and
247:and
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62:Died
41:Born
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