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33:
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In the 1890s, Spreckels helped found the national sugar trust and renamed his San
Francisco property the Western Sugar Refinery, and continued to increase his control over the Hawaiian sugar trade. This control over the industry was irksome to Hawaiian planters not directly affiliated with Spreckels
494:
A number of streets in Aptos, California, are named either for Claus
Spreckels or for parts of his once-extensive estate. In addition to Spreckels Drive and Claus Lane, Polo Drive runs along one side of what was once Spreckels' polo field, now a Santa Cruz County park named Polo Grounds Park. A
388:, which increased the Kingdom of Hawaii's access to the American sugar market, because he feared that the low tariffs on Hawaiian sugar would hurt his business. However, Spreckels eventually decided to establish his own plantations in Hawaii and traveled there one year later.
437:, and prior to its demise in 2010, became one of the largest newspapers in circulation in the United States. Spreckels' conservative, pro-monarchy slant caused him to fall from favor in the business community, and he eventually sold the newspaper.
448:. Matson had been captain of a vessel, engaged chiefly in carrying coal to the Spreckels sugar refinery and later worked aboard the Spreckels family yacht. Spreckels financed many of Matson's new ships, including Matson's first ship, called
214:
in his pocket. In 1852, he married his childhood sweetheart, Anna
Christina Mangels (1829â1910), who had immigrated to New York City with her brother three years earlier. They had 13 children, five of whom lived to maturity: sons
424:. Together, they made arrangements where Spreckels would lend the king money and in return, Gibson and he would increase the Spreckels' land holdings and water rights. However, Spreckels fell out of KalÄkaua's favor in 1886.
575:
Both the king and Gibson were in debt to
Spreckels due to gambling and tired of his demands. KalÄkaua was able to secure a loan from a London creditor and paid off his debt to Spreckels, freeing him of the latter's
247:
on the West Coast. His first refinery, built in 1867, was at Eighth and
Brannan Streets in San Francisco, but by the late 1870s, the Brannan Street facilities were running at capacity, so Spreckels chose a site in
286:
In 1888, Spreckels established the
Western Beet Sugar Company in Watsonville, which was at that time the largest beet sugar factory in the U.S. By 1890, Spreckels' main growing operations had shifted to the
317:
In 1899, Spreckels opened an even larger factory closer to the main sugar-beet fields. He named the new factory
Spreckels Sugar Company. A company town grew up around the plant, and still exists as
223:(1857â1924), Claus August (1858â1946), and Rudolph (1872â1958); and daughter, Emma Claudina (1870â1924), who married Watson Ferris Hutton. Other children included Edward (1874-1876).
1081:
395:, a company town along the northern shore of Maui. To do so, he purchased and leased 40,000 acres (160 km) of land. By 1892, Spreckelsville was the largest
364:. The railroad was welcome competition for shippers who were strangled by Southern Pacific's monopoly on shipping rates in the valley. Today, this route is
641:
1036:
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1031:
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shopping center called Deer Park
Shopping Center sits at the edge of a formerly wooded Spreckels-owned area used by hotel guests and visitors.
479:
In 1899, Spreckels gave the city of San
Francisco a classical-style outdoor music structure (known as "the bandshell") to frame one end of the
719:
341:
988:
337:(C&H). The Spreckels dominance in sugar was broken, but the Western Sugar Refinery continued operation in San Francisco until 1951.
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329:
and his associates. At the end of the 1890s, they attempted to break free. In 1905, the planters established a cooperative refinery in
1091:
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263:. He built a large resort hotel, and not far away, an extensive ranch complex. Spreckels was one of the original investors in the
1016:
1011:
1086:
460:
On July 9, 1893, Spreckels found a death threat graffitied on his house. He went into self-exile from Hawaii on July 19 on the
235:, where Spreckels opened a grocery-store business. Within a short time, they moved to New York City, then in 1856 relocated to
464:, vowing to "return to see grass growing in the streets of Honolulu." Spreckels returned to Hawaii for one last time in 1905.
334:
130:(1857-1924), Claus August (1858-1946), Rudolph (1872-1958), Emma Claudina Spreckels Hutton (1870-1924), Edward (1874-1876)
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in the world and employed thousands of immigrant farm laborers from Japan, Korea, China, and other countries.
951:
771:
Talk Pidgin; Speak
English: Go Local; Go American: The Japanese Immigrant Experience in Spreckelsville, Maui
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to open a larger sugar refinery with water access. He called his concerns the California Sugar Refinery.
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279:. He induced others in the area to plant sugar beets, as well, and built a small refinery in nearby
521:
406:
141:
471:, Colma. With his death, his second son Adolph assumed the management of Spreckels Sugar Company.
272:
189:
104:
982:
617:, vol. 2, edited by William J. Hausman. German Historical Institute. Last modified May 30, 2013.
255:
Spreckels used some of his wealth to purchase, beginning in 1872, the former Mexican land grant
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208:. In 1846, he left his homeland to start a new life in the United States, with only one German
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243:. Spreckels entered the sugar business in the mid-1860s and came to dominate the Hawaiian
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Immigrant Entrepreneurship: German-American Business Biographies, 1720 to the Present
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Pajaro Valley Consolidated Railroad to ship his sugar beets from the fields near
598:
Santa Cruz County, California Illustrations descriptive of its scenery..., etc.
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in Hawaii in 1880 and became a publisher. This paper later became known as the
381:
322:
267:, which began operation in 1875 and passed through his land on its run between
232:
321:. The town and the sugar factory were important in the early life of novelist
1005:
996:
906:(by John E. Cushing. Newcomen Society in North America. New York : 1951)
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Spreckels died on December 26, 1908, in San Francisco, and was buried at
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periods of the islands' history. He also involved himself in several
528:, named for John Diedrich (John D.) Spreckels, son of Claus Spreckels
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396:
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275:. On the Aptos ranch, Spreckels began to experiment with growing
240:
61:
32:
669:. Allen Collins, Santa Cruz Public Library Local History Article
210:
169:
720:
San Francisco and San Joaquin Valley Railroad, Bakersfield.com
384:
began in 1876. Prior to that time, Spreckels had opposed the
365:
348:
in 1901. The railroad built a line that competed with the
188:
enterprises, most notably the company that bears his name,
409:
the Hawaiian Commercial and Sugar Company (HC&S) with
538:, San Francisco, named for Claus Spreckels and his family
681:
Santa Cruz County place names: a geographical dictionary
628:
Claus Spreckels: Robber Baron and Sugar King (1828-1908)
498:
Other naming tributes to the Spreckels family include:
325:, and several scenes from his novels take place there.
805:
The Koreans in Hawaiʻi: A Pictorial History, 1903-2003
708:
Monterey County place names: a geographical dictionary
904:
Captain William Matson: From Handy Boy to Ship Owner
1082:
19th-century American newspaper publishers (people)
566:
his last name has also been misspelled as Spreckles
795:
802:Chang, Roberta; Patterson, Wayne (January 2003).
1003:
511:on the island of Maui, named for Claus Spreckels
611:"Claus Spreckels: Robber Baron and Sugar King."
164:(July 9, 1828 â December 26, 1908) was a major
801:
740:. University of Nevada Press. pp. 18â23.
630:. Uwe Spiekermann, German Historical Institute
876:. University of Hawaii Press. pp. 9â10.
729:
727:
342:San Francisco and San Joaquin Valley Railroad
761:
667:The Spreckels Era in Rio Del Mar, 1872--1922
487:. The official name of the structure is the
440:Claus Spreckels also lent his assistance to
259:, a large tract of ranch and timber land in
917:"Index to Politicians: Spraker to Sprigade"
283:in 1874, where it operated for five years.
808:. University of Hawaii Press. p. 43.
724:
683:. Santa Cruz: Santa Cruz Historical Trust.
31:
968:Claus Spreckels: The Sugar King in Hawaii
863:
829:
767:
524:, and the Spreckels Theatre Building in
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149:
646:California Digital Newspaper Collection
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1037:American people in rail transportation
1004:
737:Cities and Nature in the American West
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710:. Carmel Valley, Calif: Kestrel Press.
157:Sugar Factory in Potrero Point in 1892
1097:Burials at Cypress Lawn Memorial Park
1067:Emigrants from the Kingdom of Hanover
1032:American food industry businesspeople
970:, Honolulu: Univ. of Hawaii Pr., 1966
869:
835:
642:"Daily Alta California 16 April 1876"
600:San Francisco: W.W. Elliott & Co.
344:Âč from 1895 until it was sold to the
335:California and Hawaiian Sugar Company
839:Little Known Tales in Hawaii History
696:, Monterey County Historical Society
997:Pajaro Valley Consolidated Railroad
842:. Stagecoach Pub. pp. 118â19.
694:Pajaro Valley Consolidated Railroad
549:(Germany) named for Claus Spreckels
452:and named for Spreckels' daughter.
340:Spreckels was the president of the
13:
960:
870:Clark, John R. K. (January 1989).
517:, which is north of Spreckelsville
114:Anna Christina Mangels (1829-1910)
14:
1108:
1052:Businesspeople from San Francisco
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768:Kiyosaki, Wayne (May 13, 2014).
380:Spreckels' interest in Hawaii's
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1092:Hawaiian Kingdom businesspeople
1072:Immigrants to the United States
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596:W.W. Elliott & Co. (1879).
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520:The great Spreckels Organ, the
1017:American railway entrepreneurs
1012:American food company founders
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416:Spreckels became friends with
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1087:People from Aptos, California
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429:Pacific Commercial Advertiser
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122:13, five lived to adulthood:
706:Clark, Donald Thomas. 1991.
679:Clark, Donald Thomas. 1986.
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231:The family first settled in
7:
774:. AuthorHouse. p. 50.
505:, named for Claus Spreckels
391:In 1878, Spreckels founded
10:
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1057:Businesspeople from Hawaii
873:The Beaches of Maui County
469:Cypress Lawn Memorial Park
386:Reciprocity Treaty of 1875
291:, so he built the 42-mile
239:, where Spreckels began a
952:Deer Park Shopping Center
489:Spreckels Temple of Music
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446:Matson Navigation Company
307:Spreckels Temple of Music
162:Adolph Claus J. Spreckels
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1077:History of San Francisco
983:"Spreckels, Claus"
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534:on the northern side of
522:Spreckels Organ Pavilion
16:Biography of sugar maven
1042:Sugar plantation owners
989:EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica
921:The Political Graveyard
190:Spreckels Sugar Company
105:Spreckels Sugar Company
992:(11th ed.). 1911.
543:Claus-Spreckels-StraĂe
509:Spreckelsville, Hawaii
444:when he first founded
314:
200:Spreckels was born in
158:
836:Pryor, Alton (2004).
734:Miller, Char (2010).
503:Spreckels, California
319:Spreckels, California
305:
227:Developing California
153:
456:Last years and death
331:Crockett, California
434:Honolulu Advertiser
370:Northern California
265:Santa Cruz Railroad
1062:Exiles from Hawaii
609:Spiekermann, Uwe.
420:, adviser to King
354:San Joaquin Valley
315:
206:Kingdom of Hanover
159:
941:Polo Grounds Park
427:He purchased the
411:Hermann Schussler
261:Aptos, California
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72:December 26, 1908
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1047:History of sugar
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350:Southern Pacific
346:Santa Fe Railway
311:Golden Gate Park
299:to Watsonville.
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393:Spreckelsville
382:sugar industry
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289:Salinas Valley
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50:July 9, 1828
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1027:1908 deaths
1022:1828 births
926:October 22,
362:Bakersfield
277:sugar beets
273:Watsonville
245:sugar trade
182:territorial
172:during the
103:Founder of
1006:Categories
651:August 30,
584:References
576:influence.
400:plantation
269:Santa Cruz
196:Early life
186:California
178:republican
92:Occupation
84:California
46:1828-07-09
526:San Diego
462:Australia
397:sugarcane
376:In Hawaii
135:Signature
547:Lamstedt
422:KalÄkaua
358:Richmond
356:between
281:Capitola
202:Lamstedt
119:Children
54:Lamstedt
297:Salinas
241:brewery
174:kingdom
170:Hawai'i
62:Germany
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475:Legacy
366:BNSF's
333:, the
211:Thaler
180:, and
111:Spouse
86:, U.S.
554:Notes
928:2022
891:2015
878:ISBN
857:2015
844:ISBN
823:2015
810:ISBN
789:2015
776:ISBN
755:2015
742:ISBN
653:2023
541:The
360:and
271:and
69:Died
40:Born
613:In
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44:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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