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245:(secret agents). Spies and agent provocateurs listened for discontent. The secret police were to act independently of the administration, being accountable only to the head of state. His goal of a central, independent police administration was realised by 1789, by which time he was a Minister of State with an appropriate department to administer. The Vienna Police Chief's Directorate was now under the police department of the province. This role gave Pergen considerable power and influence with the emperor. In 1791, when Leopold had become emperor, he retired due to an eye condition.
190:, and advised him to "defend the System with all possible strength." This advice was not heeded by the Emperor. Aug 1770 On the urgency of removing Jesuits Pergen wrote, "..... Lay teachers immediately replace all Jesuits and other clerics, before the latter inflict more cultural damage on future generations".
445:
Sylvia Hahn: Migration- Arbeit- Geschlecht: Arbeitsmigration in
Mitteleuropa vom 17. bis zum Beginn des 20. Jahrhunderts. Göttingen, 2008 S.121, Michaela Hohkamp: Revolutionsangst und die Suche nach "Demokratischer Gesinnung." In: Denkhorizonte und Handlungsspielräume. Historische Studien für Rudolf
193:
In 1770 Pergen was mainly responsible for education reform, under which the state itself should take responsibility for the school system. In contrast the clergy would lose its role in teaching and be replaced by laity, or at least secular priests. In addition, most subjects in the secondary schools
41:
As a minister of state, his accomplishments included the modernization of higher education and the suppression of ecclesiastical influence. He was also responsible for the new police organization which ensured the implementation of Joseph's radical ideas. The police force was centralized but he also
269:
to
Austria, he advocated monitoring the population even more meticulously. Changes to extend the powers of the police were not made public, but only made in Cabinet regulations or secret instructions to the competent authorities. This period was to see even tighter censorship, and monitoring of
257:
to serving the new anti-enlightenment emperor. He re-introduced the centralized police system as it had existed under Joseph II. In 1801, he was also responsible for censorship and from then on
Francis II and his successors would receive the latest police reports every morning.
198:
should be established. This would be financed from an endowment fund. This was anti-clerical and represented the reforms of the
Enlightenment, which proved difficult to implement in the face of resistance from Maria Theresa and conservative-minded circles in the court.
221:
He also had the job of introducing a state police in all the provinces and to reform the prison system. Pergen wanted to unify the system of internal security in the hereditary lands in a centralized and modernized form. He emphasised the role of discipline, based on
398:
Count Johann Anton Pergen's
Memorandum to Austrian Co-Regent Joseph II on "the Value of the Imperial Crown" to the House of Austria (1766). The Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation – Its Constitution, Defenders and Critics. German History in Documents and Images
185:
from his time in Mainz and other embassies, and warned against a single policy for
Austria. In 1766 he wrote a memorandum on the importance of the imperial crown for the House of Austria. In this he argued that the Emperor (Joseph) should demonstrate
455:
Helmut
Reinalter: Französische Revolution und Öffentlichkeit in Österreich. In: Französische Revolution und deutsche Öffentlichkeit. München u.a., 1992 p.22, Rudolf Hoke: Österreichische und Deutsche Rechtsgeschichte. Wien u.a., 1996 p.
34:– 12 May 1814 in Vienna) was a diplomat and statesman of the Habsburg monarchy, serving under four consecutive monarchs for more than fifty years. He was one of the most influential individuals in the reformist administration of
116:, before resuming his post in Mainz. In 1750 he was assigned to accompany the British minister Richecourt on his diplomatic trip to Germany as a companion. A short time later he was called to Vienna in 1751 and appointed by
218:) for Lower Austria, till 1780. After the organizational reforms of Joseph II, he was a member of the Lower Austrian government from 1782. He was also Head of Police, and therefore responsible for public safety in Vienna.
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261:
Pergen worked on the theory that state order was best preserved by vigilance against conspiracy. Even the outbreak of revolution in France was explained by him as a conspiracy. In particular he saw
154:
he administered the
Prussian-occupied territories in the West between 1757 and 1763. He was president of the Imperial occupation administration in his capacity as minister plenipotentiary of the
408:
Georg
Schmidt: Wandel durch Vernunft. Deutschland 1715-1806. München, 2009 p.191; Karl Otmar von Aretin: Das Reich. Friedensordnung und europäisches Gleichgewicht 1648-1806. Stuttgart, 1996 p.29
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Eine
Denkschrift des Grafen Johann Anton Pergen an den österreichischen Mitregenten Joseph II. darüber, welchen „Werth der Besitz der Kaysercrone” für das Haus Österreich habe
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In 1793, after recovering from his eye condition he was recalled as Minister of Police by Francis II. An opportunist, he had no problems with switching allegiances from
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Von Pergen himself led a lavish lifestyle and was a patron of the arts, and in 1782 acquired the Schloss Pottenbrunn whose park he embellished with romantic buildings.
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and migrated to Austria in the sixteenth century. Von Pergen's father, Johann Ferdinand Wilhelm von Pergen, was a Justice official with the Government of
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which guarded the secrecy of state correspondence. He was able to use this for his own espionage and had all suspicious mail directed there.
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In 1753 he was imperial envoy to Mainz. His responsibilities included diplomatic relations with the other Rhineland Electors and the
234:). As Joseph's unpopularity increased he came to rely more and more on Pergen who hired more agents. In addition he controlled the
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Vierhaus zum 70. Geburtstag. Göttingen, 1992 p.237, Helmut Reinalter: Joseph II. Reformer auf dem Kaiserthron. München, 2011 p.43
181:, whose policies represented an expansive development of the role of the Habsburg monarchy. Pergen had a good knowledge of the
93:, before moving to Vienna. Their son, Joseph von Pergen, was a vice-president of the exchequer. They also had three daughters.
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in Vienna. His mother was Maria Elisabeth (née Baroness Orlick von Laziska). One of his brothers was Johann Joseph von Pergen,
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From 1766 he also served as Kaunitz' deputy foreign minister. With regards to imperial policy Pergen stood in opposition to
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In the larger cities police departments were already established, where subsidiary directories were established with
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Between 1772 and 1774 he was Governor of the areas acquired in the first partition of Poland, in parts of Galicia (
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Helen Chambers. Violence, Culture And Identity: Essays on German And Austrian Literature, Politics And Society
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in 1788. At the former Lower Austrian governor's office in Vienna is a memorial by Josef Kassin (1897).
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in 1756 he served as the Imperial Commissioner. In the same year he was again imperial envoy to Mainz.
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Metternich and the Political Police: Security and Subversion in the Hapsburg Monarchy, 1815-1830
108:, he then studied law. After graduating in 1747, he became secretary of the imperial embassy in
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89:, Philipp Karl von Groschlag, and former lover of the future emperor, Joseph II when living in
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Pergen laid the foundations by his organization, for Josef von Sedlnitzky during the era of
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From the Enlightenment to the Police State. The Public Life of Johann Anton Pergen.
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from 1814 to 1848, to pursue his antiliberal policies. He finally retired in 1804.
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developed a secret police that ensured no effective opposition. Though replaced by
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would be taught in German. The schools would develop curricula, and
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as a danger to the state. Due to the fear of a spillover of the
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Großkreuz des Königlich-Ungarischen St. Stephansordens
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120:(1740-1780) as treasurer to the Archdukes
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372:(Den Haag: Springer, 1968), 8.
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