675:
610:
725:
39:
3286:
3300:
2016:
849:
692:
Kaunitz's most important and influential office was that of State
Chancellor and minister of foreign affairs, which he held from 1753 to 1792 and where he had Empress Maria Theresa's full trust—against the opposition of her husband, Francis Stephen. He had reluctantly accepted his appointment and
895:
generally shared such ideas, his reforms moved too fast and too thoroughly for
Kaunitz. The ongoing disputes between the two men led to several resignation requests by the state chancellor. Kaunitz advocated a reconciliation with the former enemy Prussia; he accompanied Joseph II when he met
741:
of 1756, which involved the dramatic shakeup of traditional military alliances in Europe. Austria went from an ally of
Britain to an ally of France and Russia. Prussia became an ally of Britain, along with Hanover. The result was the basic lineup of forces in the Seven Years' War.
947:
became emperor; the war was ended and
Kaunitz's power collapsed. The renunciation of Kaunitz' balancing policies led to a serious deterioration of Austria's domestic and international affairs. Meanwhile, Prussia established the Protestant
942:
of 1788–1791. The goal was to humiliate
Austria's old enemy, Prussia. However, it misfired: it proved a costly military operation to help Russia, but it did not achieve any anti-Prussian objective. After Joseph II's death,
832:(Prince of the Holy Roman Empire). The lack of a navy during the war had demonstrated Austria's vulnerability at sea, and he was instrumental in the creation of a small Austrian navy to boost the state's presence in the
2031:
801:. While the Austrian allies were not able to reach agreement on joint action, the politico-military situation remained inconclusive. Kaunitz urged for the replacement of the hesitant field marshal Count
2687:
575:. His request to be recalled from his difficult situation was heeded in June 1746. On a journey to Westphalia in September 1746, he laid the foundation stone of the parish church in the village of
626:
at the court of Maria
Theresa. The empress appealed to all her counsellors for advice as to the policy Austria ought to pursue in view of the changed conditions produced by the rise of
3370:
638:, which had existed since 1731, and gave his opinion that Frederick II was now the "most wicked and dangerous enemy of Austria," that it was hopeless to expect the support of
2701:
2299:
525:
861:
646:
and France. The empress eagerly accepted views which were already her own, and entrusted the adviser with the execution of his own plans. Thus, Kaunitz was made
896:
Frederick II two times in 1769 and 1770. The
Prussian king was annoyed by Kaunitz' arrogance and patronising manners, nevertheless the approach realised in the
634:, were of the opinion that the old alliance with the sea powers, England and Holland, should be maintained. Kaunitz had long been a strong opponent of the
408:(1742–1825). Wenzel Anton's granddaughter Eleonora (daughter of his eldest son, Ernest) married a successor in the office of State Chancellor, Prince
3375:
549:
3365:
647:
576:
2589:
989:
in July 1792. Kaunitz died in 1794 at his city palace in Vienna and was buried in his family vault beneath the Chapel of St. John the
Baptist in
3253:
3345:
533:
812:
From about 1760, gradual exhaustion of all forces became obvious, and
Kaunitz reacted by depriving his long-time foe Court Chancellor Count
3101:
239:
61:
2929:
2673:
2036:
2747:
966:
Joseph II's successor, Leopold II, blamed
Kaunitz for the failure and decisively restricted his competences. Kaunitz rejected further
1697:
428:. With the death of his elder brother, however, he decided on a secular career, and studied law and diplomacy at the universities of
2694:
2659:
405:
1900:
1580:
920:
3350:
3059:
2477:
2240:
3003:
2733:
2617:
2434:
2339:
813:
537:
467:
2292:
425:
3360:
3241:
1144:
907:. When the Austrian position became untenable, Kaunitz carried the peace negotiations on his own initiative; by the 1779
900:
in 1772, backed by both Kaunitz and Joseph II against the concerns of Maria Theresa ("good faith is lost for all time").
356:
939:
3129:
1960:
1108:
759:
482:
781:
in Europe, which ultimately failed to bring the lost provinces back to Austria. On 29 August 1756, King Frederick's
3335:
2119:
599:
514:
420:
As the second son, it was at first intended that Wenzel Anton should become a clergyman, and at thirteen he held a
2092:
666:. Staying in France until 1752, he co-operated in laying the groundwork for the future Bourbon-Habsburg alliance.
1554:
1170:
975:
255:
3073:
2309:
2184:, etc.), can be used, but are regarded as a dependent part of the surname, and thus come after any given names (
860:
The State Chancellor was a liberal patron of education and art, a notable collector, one of the founders of the
2824:
2218:
986:
944:
904:
587:
494:
449:
251:
101:
96:
2498:
932:
3268:
2547:
2258:
1228:
892:
802:
631:
281:
247:
188:
91:
2859:
2887:
2166:. Before the August 1919 abolition of nobility as a legal class, titles preceded the full name when given (
1522:
916:
763:
572:
2964:
762:, raise the topic of forming a defensive league. King Louis XV finally accepted, after the Anglo-Prussian
721:
was considered a great feat of diplomacy, and it established Kaunitz as the recognized master of the art.
389:
from 1720. By his marriage with Marie Ernestine in 1699, he inherited the immediate County of Rietberg in
3038:
2989:
2936:
2666:
767:
702:
401:
2190:). Titles and all dependent parts of surnames are ignored in alphabetical sorting. The feminine form is
3340:
3017:
2873:
2796:
2775:
2761:
2740:
2638:
1988:
979:
404:(1663–1745), on 6 May 1736. Four sons were born of the marriage, among them the Austrian general Count
48:
2915:
2754:
2224:
2078:
William J. McGill (1968), 'The roots of policy: Kaunitz in Italy and the Netherlands, 1742–1746', in:
1994:
3355:
3197:
3094:
3087:
3010:
2817:
2519:
897:
865:
3261:
3136:
3122:
3045:
2943:
2845:
2603:
2512:
2463:
2332:
718:
3157:
3143:
2982:
2782:
2631:
869:
806:
635:
44:
3211:
3052:
3024:
2880:
2852:
2838:
2789:
2768:
2645:
2575:
2393:
2058:
1760:
853:
825:
820:) in 1761, overseeing the reorganization of the Austrian Army. Nevertheless, when the new tsar
409:
386:
235:
2950:
2554:
586:. Two years later, he represented Maria Theresa at the Congress of Aachen at the close of the
3115:
3080:
2491:
2374:
2064:
928:
837:
755:
738:
710:
289:
3330:
3325:
3164:
2922:
2526:
2363:
1496:
971:
885:
786:
651:
529:
441:
429:
277:
156:
674:
343:
Wenzel Anton's grandfather, Dominik Andreas von Kaunitz (1655–1705), served as a Habsburg
8:
3290:
2596:
2582:
2325:
2162:
was a title before 1919, but now is regarded as part of the surname. It is translated as
821:
778:
642:
nations against him, and that the only way of recovering Silesia was by an alliance with
603:
545:
506:
360:
242:
for about four decades and was responsible for the foreign policies during the reigns of
124:
2957:
2540:
824:
left the alliance in 1762, Kaunitz entered into peace negotiations that led to the 1763
598:
and guaranteed them to the warlike King of Prussia, he reluctantly signed the resulting
481:
Back in Vienna, he was appointed a member of the Imperial Aulic Council in 1735. At the
2866:
2277:
2263:
2256:
McGill, William J. "The roots of policy: Kaunitz in Vienna and Versailles, 1749–1753".
2124:
955:
627:
433:
368:
317:
293:
2217:
662:
3218:
2908:
2803:
2652:
2415:
2203:
1956:
908:
833:
595:
590:. Extremely displeased with the provisions that deprived Austria of the provinces of
581:
560:
445:
437:
364:
231:
161:
65:
2996:
2680:
876:
to the state, most notably against tax exemption and the traditional institution of
3248:
3234:
3108:
3066:
3031:
2726:
2470:
2401:
1671:
924:
609:
325:
2568:
724:
706:
697:. Thanks in large part to him, Habsburg Austria established itself as a sovereign
3226:
2894:
2719:
2427:
1950:
873:
816:
of his powers. He replaced the office by founding the Austrian Council of State (
564:
498:
381:
309:
211:
23:
371:. Wenzel Anton's father, Count Maximilian Ulrich, was appointed a member of the
3304:
3190:
3150:
2561:
2533:
990:
790:
771:
643:
614:
329:
219:
2156:
1987:
950:
3319:
2624:
2610:
2505:
2484:
2027:
2022:
1268:
1202:
872:’s first and lifelong patrons. He worked towards the goal of subjecting the
782:
694:
541:
518:
372:
243:
86:
2810:
2057:
1616:
848:
552:, a sister of Maria Theresa, Kaunitz was virtually the head of government.
2688:
Frederick Christian II, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg
2317:
2272:
Padover, Saul K. "Prince Kaunitz' Résumé of His Eastern Policy, 1763–71".
38:
3204:
2389:
2382:
698:
463:
397:
2128:
656:
2419:
2408:
2370:
2348:
2281:
2267:
912:
794:
639:
486:
454:
390:
1791:
29. Countess Antonia Elisabeth of Manderscheidt-Blankenheim-Gerolstein
313:
2901:
915:
region for Austria. In Imperial matters, he was able to dominate the
881:
622:
602:
on 23 October 1748. Both fearing a nascent Prussia, the Austrian and
567:. He moved with the government of the Austrian Netherlands, first to
345:
548:. Upon the December 1744 death of Charles' consort and co-governor,
320:. First mentioned in the 14th century, they originally lived in the
877:
750:
Once he was State Chancellor, Kaunitz pursued his policies seeking
556:
297:
227:
3299:
2021:
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
985:
Kaunitz finally resigned his office upon the accession of Emperor
938:
Kaunitz worked around the objections of Joseph II to initiate the
919:; in 1780 he was also successful in placing the Habsburg Archduke
758:
overseas in 1754, he had the Austrian ambassador in Paris, Prince
260:
2228:. Vol. 14 (9th ed.). New York: Charles Scribner's Sons.
888:; among his aims was also the better education of the commoners.
798:
591:
568:
475:
421:
321:
2141:
The New Cambridge Modern History vol. 7, The Old Regime: 1713–63
493:) in 1739, he was one of the emperor's commissaries. During the
2139:
D. B. Horn, "The Diplomatic Revolution" in J. O. Lindsay, ed.,
693:
demanded complete freedom to re-organise the foreign office on
459:
305:
273:
152:
2238:
Roider, Karl A. Jr. "Kaunitz, Joseph II and the Turkish War".
2172:). Since 1919, these titles, along with any nobiliary prefix (
2117:
Franz A.J. Szabo, "Prince Kaunitz and the Balance of Power."
728:
New alliances formed as a result of the Diplomatic Revolution
510:
471:
880:
ownership of real estates. Kaunitz followed the thoughts of
226:; 2 February 1711 – 27 June 1794) was an Austrian and Czech
1814:
7. Countess Johanetta Franziska of Manderscheid-Blankenheim
502:
400:(1717–1749), a granddaughter of Imperial Chamber president
351:
337:
2702:
Friedrich Ferdinand Constantin von Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach
396:
Wenzel Anton himself married Countess Maria Ernestine von
974:
in view of the weak rule of Frederick's successor, King
828:. Following the end of war, Kaunitz gained the title of
497:, in March 1741, he was sent on a diplomatic mission to
379:) in 1706; he served as Imperial envoy and as governor (
1378:
22. Count Joachim Ulrich Slavata of Chlum and Košumberk
544:, commanding the Austrian army in Bohemia against King
349:
and envoy. Elevated to the hereditary rank of a Count (
3371:
Grand Crosses of the Order of Saint Stephen of Hungary
1401:
11. Countess Anna Lucia Slavata of Chlum and Košumberk
1005:
Ancestors of Wenzel Anton, Prince of Kaunitz-Rietberg
978:, an assessment that was proved to be correct in the
2300:
Minister Plenipotentiary of the Austrian Netherlands
732:
630:. The great majority of them, including her husband
1736:
28. Count Johann Arnold of Manderscheid-Blankenheim
1581:
Count Ferdinand Maximilian of Ostfriesland-Rietberg
903:In 1777, Joseph's hasty military action led to the
1641:13. Countess Anna Catharina of Salm-Reifferscheidt
452:, and continued his education for some years by a
254:. In 1764, he was elevated to the noble rank of a
766:was signed in 1756. The alliance was expanded in
654:in 1750, where he had extensive contact with the
509:. In August 1742, he was appointed ambassador at
355:) in 1683, his diplomacy contributed to the 1686
3317:
809:, however, a decisive victory was not achieved.
2590:Karl August, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
1986:Ripley, George; Dana, Charles A., eds. (1879).
1345:5. Countess Marie Eleonore HolickĂ˝ of Sternberg
891:Although Maria Theresa's son and heir, Emperor
194:Marie Ernestine Francisca von Rietberg (mother)
3254:Memoirs Illustrating the History of Jacobinism
284:(1679–1746), and his consort Marie Ernestine,
2333:
606:sides began to make overtures to each other.
216:Wenzel Anton ReichsfĂĽrst von Kaunitz-Rietberg
2197:
2191:
2185:
2179:
2173:
2167:
2154:
2040:(11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
1952:Kaunitz and Enlightened Absolutism 1753–1780
2347:
2215:
2340:
2326:
2216:Baynes, T. S.; Smith, W. R., eds. (1882).
2202:were those created before the fall of the
2032:Kaunitz-Rietburg, Wenzel Anton, Prince von
1985:
1870:15. Countess Christina Elisabeth of Erbach
37:
2930:Honoré Gabriel Riqueti, comte de Mirabeau
555:In 1746, however, he was forced to leave
282:Maximilian Ulrich, third Count of Kaunitz
3376:People of the War of the First Coalition
2832:Wenzel Anton, Prince of Kaunitz-Rietberg
2674:Ferdinand, Prince of Brunswick-LĂĽneburg
2026:
1555:Countess Sabina Catharina of East Frisia
1455:Wenzel Anton, Prince of Kaunitz-Rietberg
1171:Countess Marie Eleonore of Dietrichstein
1084:17. Baroness Ludmila RoupovskĂ˝ of Roupov
961:
847:
836:, laying the foundations for the future
723:
673:
608:
312:, derived its lineage from the medieval
208:Wenzel Anton, Prince of Kaunitz-Rietberg
3366:Knights of the Golden Fleece of Austria
2748:Leopold Friedrich GĂĽnther von Goeckingk
2695:Frederick V, Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg
2660:Ernest II, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg
2293:Count Karl Ferdinand von Königsegg-Erps
1981:
1979:
1523:Count John IV. of Ostfriesland-Rietberg
958:broke out in the Austrian Netherlands.
648:Imperial ambassador at the French court
3318:
1828:
1717:
1713:
1701:
1596:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1458:
1359:
1322:21. Helena Eustachie Křinecký of Ronov
1248:
1244:
1232:
1124:
1023:
1019:
1015:
754:with France. Upon the outbreak of the
2321:
2241:The Slavonic and East European Review
1898:
1888:
1884:
1872:
1869:
1859:
1847:30. Count Georg Albrecht I. of Erbach
1846:
1836:
1832:
1816:
1813:
1803:
1790:
1780:
1776:
1764:
1758:
1748:
1735:
1725:
1721:
1695:
1685:
1669:
1659:
1655:
1643:
1640:
1630:
1614:
1604:
1600:
1584:
1578:
1568:
1552:
1542:
1538:
1526:
1520:
1510:
1494:
1484:
1480:
1452:
1442:
1429:
1419:
1415:
1403:
1400:
1390:
1377:
1367:
1363:
1347:
1344:
1334:
1321:
1311:
1307:
1295:
1292:
1282:
1266:
1256:
1252:
1226:
1216:
1200:
1190:
1186:
1174:
1168:
1158:
1142:
1132:
1128:
1112:
1106:
1096:
1083:
1073:
1069:
1057:
1054:
1044:
1031:
1027:
852:Prince Kaunitz-Rietberg (part of the
402:Count Gundaker Thomas von Starhemberg
78:13 May 1753 – 19 August 1792
3346:Politicians from the Austrian Empire
3004:Dietrich Heinrich Ludwig von Ompteda
2734:Otto Heinrich von Gemmingen-Hornberg
2618:Karl Theodor Anton Maria von Dalberg
2435:Charles Theodore, Elector of Bavaria
2068:. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
2051:
2049:
2047:
2009:
2007:
2005:
1976:
1901:Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-SchillingsfĂĽrst
1698:Countess Marie Ernestine of Rietberg
3242:New World Order (conspiracy theory)
3102:Johan Philip Stadion von Warthausen
2055:
1955:(Cambridge University Press, 1994)
1899:31. Countess Elisabeth Dorothea of
1293:10. Count Ulrich Adolf of Sternberg
1145:Maximilian, Prince of Dietrichstein
1055:8. Count Leopold Wilhelm of Kaunitz
745:
669:
224:Václav AntonĂn z Kounic a Rietbergu
13:
2478:August von Sachsen-Gotha-Altenburg
2250:
1229:Count Maximilian Ulrich of Kaunitz
737:Kaunitz was the mastermind of the
524:In October 1744, he was appointed
177:Vienna, Austria, Holy Roman Empire
47:, 1762. He wears the chain of the
14:
3387:
2044:
2002:
923:, Joseph's younger brother, as a
733:The Diplomatic Revolution of 1756
406:Franz Wenzel von Kaunitz-Rietberg
3298:
3285:
3284:
2120:The International History Review
2062:. In Herbermann, Charles (ed.).
2014:
1430:23. Countess Franziska of Meggau
1109:Count Dominik Andreas of Kaunitz
513:and reached the support of King
2232:
1032:16. Baron Ulrich IV. of Kaunitz
705:with her old enemy, the French
620:From 1749, Kaunitz served as a
308:nobility and, like the related
296:(1687–1758), an heiress of the
256:Prince of the Holy Roman Empire
3060:Ernst Friedrich von Schlotheim
2209:
2146:
2133:
2111:
2085:
2072:
905:War of the Bavarian Succession
843:
814:Friedrich Wilhelm von Haugwitz
588:War of the Austrian Succession
495:War of the Austrian Succession
16:Austrian statesman (1711–1794)
1:
3269:Illuminati in popular culture
2888:Ludwig I, Grand Duke of Hesse
2548:Johann Joachim Christoph Bode
2274:The Journal of Modern History
2259:The Journal of Modern History
2219:"Kaunitz, Wenzel Anton"
2187:Helmuth James Graf von Moltke
2169:Graf Helmuth James von Moltke
1989:"Kaunitz, Wenzel Anton"
1672:Leiningen-Dagsburg-Falkenburg
1670:27. Countess Maria Ursula of
921:Maximilian Francis of Austria
679:
415:
328:, but in 1509, they moved to
300:dynasty. The Kaunitz family (
189:Maximilian Ulrich von Kaunitz
3351:Foreign ministers of Austria
3130:François-Charles de Velbrück
3074:Samuel Thomas von Sömmerring
2059:"Wenzel Anton Kaunitz"
1759:14. Count Salentin Ernst of
917:Perpetual Diet of Regensburg
864:in Brussels, and sponsor of
7:
3039:Christian Gotthilf Salzmann
2990:Christoph Friedrich Nicolai
2937:Daniel Gotthilf Moldenhawer
2667:Johann Georg Heinrich Feder
2499:Aloys Basselet von La Rosée
1949:Source: Franz A. J. Szabo.
1201:19. Princess Anna Marie of
996:
933:Prince-Bishopric of MĂĽnster
703:Treaty of Versailles (1756)
632:Francis Stephen of Lorraine
10:
3392:
3361:Habsburg Bohemian nobility
3018:Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi
2874:Franz Michael Leuchsenring
2860:Christian Gottfried Körner
2797:Christoph Wilhelm Hufeland
2776:August Adolph von Hennings
2762:Karl August von Hardenberg
2741:Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
2639:Christian Wilhelm von Dohm
2310:Count Karl Josef Batthyány
2244:(1976) 54#135 pp. 538–556.
2196:. Titles using the prefix
2152:Regarding personal names:
1822:
1715:
1707:
1590:
1474:
1470:
1353:
1246:
1238:
1118:
1021:
1017:
980:War of the First Coalition
715:renversement des alliances
678:Wenzel Anton von Kaunitz,
114:Count Anton Corfiz Ulfeldt
49:Order of the Golden Fleece
31:Prince of Kaunitz-Rietberg
3278:
3198:Rite of Strict Observance
3182:
3095:Anton Matthias Sprickmann
3088:Ludwig Timotheus Spittler
3011:Christian Adolph Overbeck
2974:
2965:Johann Karl August Musäus
2818:Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi
2711:
2520:Johann Joachim Bellermann
2455:
2451:
2444:
2355:
2306:
2297:
2289:
1886:
1878:
1853:
1834:
1830:
1797:
1778:
1770:
1761:Manderscheid-Blanckenheim
1742:
1723:
1719:
1679:
1657:
1649:
1624:
1615:26. Ernst Friedrich of
1602:
1598:
1562:
1540:
1532:
1504:
1482:
1478:
1436:
1417:
1409:
1384:
1365:
1361:
1328:
1309:
1301:
1276:
1254:
1250:
1210:
1188:
1180:
1152:
1130:
1126:
1090:
1071:
1063:
1038:
1025:
898:First Partition of Poland
866:Christoph Willibald Gluck
760:Georg Adam of Starhemberg
600:Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle
561:besieged by French forces
267:
201:
181:
167:
139:
134:
130:
118:
108:
82:
71:
60:
56:
36:
21:
3137:Franz Michael Vierthaler
3123:Johann Nepomuk von Triva
3046:Friedrich Schlichtegroll
2944:Maximilian von Montgelas
2846:Johann Friedrich Kleuker
2604:Hieronymus von Colloredo
2513:Rudolph Zacharias Becker
2464:Jacob Friedrich von Abel
2080:Central European History
1970:
1267:20. Baron Jan Rudolf of
719:Franco-Austrian Alliance
526:minister plenipotentiary
280:, one of 19 children of
238:, he held the office of
28:Wenzel Anton von Kaunitz
3336:Politicians from Vienna
3158:Lorenz von Westenrieder
3144:Wilderich of Walderdorf
2983:Christian Gottlob Neefe
2916:August Gottlieb MeiĂźner
2783:Johann Gottfried Herder
2755:Johann Casimir Häffelin
2632:Johann Georg von Dillis
2428:Congress of Wilhelmsbad
2349:Order of the Illuminati
2225:Encyclopædia Britannica
2037:Encyclopædia Britannica
1995:The American Cyclopædia
870:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
807:Ernst Gideon von Laudon
803:Leopold Joseph von Daun
793:; they rolled over the
636:Anglo-Austrian Alliance
546:Frederick II of Prussia
3212:Enlightened absolutism
3053:Johann Georg Schlosser
3025:Karl Leonhard Reinhold
2881:Justus Christian Loder
2839:Martin Gottlieb Klauer
2790:Andreas Joseph Hofmann
2769:Lorenz Leopold Haschka
2646:Karl von Eckartshausen
2576:Joachim Heinrich Campe
2394:Freemasonry in Germany
2276:5.3 (1933): 352–365.
2262:43.2 (1971): 228–244.
2198:
2192:
2186:
2180:
2174:
2168:
2155:
2093:"St. Maria Immaculata"
911:, he won the Bavarian
857:
854:Maria Theresa Monument
826:Treaty of Hubertusburg
770:to include Russia and
729:
689:
617:
550:Archduchess Maria Anna
410:Klemens von Metternich
304:) belonged to the old
236:enlightened absolutism
223:
215:
3116:Gottfried van Swieten
3081:Joseph von Sonnenfels
2825:Karl von Hesse-Kassel
2492:Karl Friedrich Bahrdt
2375:Liberalism in Germany
2123:1#3 (1979): 399–408.
2065:Catholic Encyclopedia
2056:Ott, Michael (1913).
970:with Prussia against
962:Resignation and death
929:Electorate of Cologne
851:
838:Austro-Hungarian Navy
764:Treaty of Westminster
756:French and Indian War
739:Diplomatic Revolution
727:
711:Diplomatic Revolution
677:
660:movement and several
612:
230:and statesman in the
3165:Franz Xaver von Zach
2923:Ludwig August Mellin
2527:Johann Erich Biester
2364:Age of Enlightenment
2164:Prince of the Empire
2143:(1957): pp. 449–464.
1497:John III of Rietberg
976:Frederick William II
972:Revolutionary France
886:Age of Enlightenment
787:Electorate of Saxony
709:, commonly known as
701:, entering into the
530:Austrian Netherlands
515:Charles Emmanuel III
272:Kaunitz was born in
45:Jean-Étienne Liotard
2951:Johannes von MĂĽller
2597:Philipp von Cobenzl
2583:Christian Cannabich
2555:Johann Michael Böck
2082:, 1:2, pp. 131–149.
1617:Salm-Reifferscheidt
822:Peter III of Russia
538:Charles of Lorraine
507:Kingdom of Sardinia
424:at the Westphalian
361:Louis XIV of France
125:Philipp von Cobenzl
24:His Serene Highness
3305:Society portal
2867:Karl Heinrich Lang
956:Brabant Revolution
940:Austro-Turkish War
858:
730:
690:
618:
426:Diocese of MĂĽnster
357:League of Augsburg
318:Kingdom of Bohemia
3341:Czech politicians
3313:
3312:
3219:Weimar Classicism
3178:
3177:
3174:
3173:
2909:Christoph Meiners
2804:Gottlieb Hufeland
2653:Rudolf Eickemeyer
2416:French Revolution
2316:
2315:
2307:Succeeded by
2204:Holy Roman Empire
1967:
1966:
1948:
1947:
909:Treaty of Teschen
834:Mediterranean Sea
791:preemptive strike
613:Prince Kaunitz's
365:Treaty of Ryswick
234:. A proponent of
232:Habsburg monarchy
205:
204:
162:Holy Roman Empire
66:Habsburg monarchy
3383:
3356:Austrian princes
3303:
3302:
3294:
3288:
3287:
3271:
3264:
3257:
3249:Augustin Barruel
3244:
3237:
3235:Anti-Catholicism
3230:
3221:
3214:
3207:
3200:
3193:
3167:
3160:
3153:
3146:
3139:
3132:
3125:
3118:
3111:
3109:Maximilian Stoll
3104:
3097:
3090:
3083:
3076:
3069:
3067:Nikolaus Simrock
3062:
3055:
3048:
3041:
3034:
3032:Franz Anton Ries
3027:
3020:
3013:
3006:
2999:
2992:
2985:
2967:
2960:
2958:Friedrich MĂĽnter
2953:
2946:
2939:
2932:
2925:
2918:
2911:
2904:
2897:
2890:
2883:
2876:
2869:
2862:
2855:
2848:
2841:
2834:
2827:
2820:
2813:
2806:
2799:
2792:
2785:
2778:
2771:
2764:
2757:
2750:
2743:
2736:
2729:
2727:Friedrich Gedike
2722:
2704:
2697:
2690:
2683:
2676:
2669:
2662:
2655:
2648:
2641:
2634:
2627:
2620:
2613:
2606:
2599:
2592:
2585:
2578:
2571:
2564:
2557:
2550:
2543:
2541:Johann von Böber
2536:
2529:
2522:
2515:
2508:
2501:
2494:
2487:
2480:
2473:
2471:Franz von Albini
2466:
2453:
2452:
2449:
2448:
2437:
2430:
2423:
2411:
2404:
2402:Anti-clericalism
2397:
2385:
2378:
2366:
2342:
2335:
2328:
2319:
2318:
2290:Preceded by
2287:
2286:
2245:
2236:
2230:
2229:
2221:
2213:
2207:
2201:
2195:
2189:
2183:
2177:
2171:
2160:
2150:
2144:
2137:
2131:
2115:
2109:
2108:
2106:
2104:
2097:pr-am-oelbach.de
2089:
2083:
2076:
2070:
2069:
2061:
2053:
2042:
2041:
2020:
2018:
2017:
2011:
2000:
1999:
1991:
1983:
1011:
1010:
1002:
1001:
954:league, and the
925:coadjutor bishop
779:Seven Years' War
746:Seven Years' War
688:
684:
681:
670:State Chancellor
585:
540:, fought in the
310:Martinic dynasty
240:State Chancellor
174:
149:
147:
135:Personal details
121:
111:
76:
62:State Chancellor
41:
19:
18:
3391:
3390:
3386:
3385:
3384:
3382:
3381:
3380:
3316:
3315:
3314:
3309:
3297:
3282:
3274:
3267:
3260:
3247:
3240:
3233:
3227:Sturm und Drang
3224:
3217:
3210:
3203:
3196:
3189:
3170:
3163:
3156:
3149:
3142:
3135:
3128:
3121:
3114:
3107:
3100:
3093:
3086:
3079:
3072:
3065:
3058:
3051:
3044:
3037:
3030:
3023:
3016:
3009:
3002:
2995:
2988:
2981:
2970:
2963:
2956:
2949:
2942:
2935:
2928:
2921:
2914:
2907:
2900:
2895:Jakob Mauvillon
2893:
2886:
2879:
2872:
2865:
2858:
2851:
2844:
2837:
2830:
2823:
2816:
2809:
2802:
2795:
2788:
2781:
2774:
2767:
2760:
2753:
2746:
2739:
2732:
2725:
2720:Christian Garve
2718:
2707:
2700:
2693:
2686:
2679:
2672:
2665:
2658:
2651:
2644:
2637:
2630:
2623:
2616:
2609:
2602:
2595:
2588:
2581:
2574:
2567:
2560:
2553:
2546:
2539:
2532:
2525:
2518:
2511:
2504:
2497:
2490:
2483:
2476:
2469:
2462:
2440:
2433:
2426:
2414:
2407:
2400:
2388:
2381:
2369:
2362:
2351:
2346:
2312:
2303:
2295:
2253:
2251:Further reading
2248:
2237:
2233:
2214:
2210:
2151:
2147:
2138:
2134:
2116:
2112:
2102:
2100:
2091:
2090:
2086:
2077:
2073:
2054:
2045:
2030:, ed. (1911). "
2015:
2013:
2012:
2003:
1984:
1977:
1973:
1968:
999:
964:
874:Catholic Church
846:
777:Thus began the
748:
735:
686:
682:
672:
663:Encyclopédistes
579:
565:Maurice de Saxe
418:
382:Landeshauptmann
369:Nine Years' War
367:that ended the
270:
197:
176:
172:
160:
151:
150:2 February 1711
145:
143:
119:
109:
100:
95:
90:
77:
72:
52:
32:
29:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3389:
3379:
3378:
3373:
3368:
3363:
3358:
3353:
3348:
3343:
3338:
3333:
3328:
3311:
3310:
3308:
3307:
3295:
3279:
3276:
3275:
3273:
3272:
3265:
3258:
3245:
3238:
3231:
3222:
3215:
3208:
3201:
3194:
3191:Owl of Minerva
3186:
3184:
3180:
3179:
3176:
3175:
3172:
3171:
3169:
3168:
3161:
3154:
3151:Adam Weishaupt
3147:
3140:
3133:
3126:
3119:
3112:
3105:
3098:
3091:
3084:
3077:
3070:
3063:
3056:
3049:
3042:
3035:
3028:
3021:
3014:
3007:
3000:
2997:Franz OberthĂĽr
2993:
2986:
2978:
2976:
2972:
2971:
2969:
2968:
2961:
2954:
2947:
2940:
2933:
2926:
2919:
2912:
2905:
2898:
2891:
2884:
2877:
2870:
2863:
2856:
2849:
2842:
2835:
2828:
2821:
2814:
2807:
2800:
2793:
2786:
2779:
2772:
2765:
2758:
2751:
2744:
2737:
2730:
2723:
2715:
2713:
2709:
2708:
2706:
2705:
2698:
2691:
2684:
2677:
2670:
2663:
2656:
2649:
2642:
2635:
2628:
2621:
2614:
2607:
2600:
2593:
2586:
2579:
2572:
2565:
2562:Ignaz von Born
2558:
2551:
2544:
2537:
2534:Aloys Blumauer
2530:
2523:
2516:
2509:
2502:
2495:
2488:
2481:
2474:
2467:
2459:
2457:
2446:
2442:
2441:
2439:
2438:
2431:
2424:
2412:
2405:
2398:
2386:
2379:
2367:
2359:
2357:
2353:
2352:
2345:
2344:
2337:
2330:
2322:
2314:
2313:
2308:
2305:
2296:
2291:
2285:
2284:
2270:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2246:
2231:
2208:
2145:
2132:
2110:
2084:
2071:
2043:
2028:Chisholm, Hugh
2001:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1965:
1964:
1946:
1945:
1943:
1941:
1939:
1937:
1935:
1933:
1931:
1929:
1927:
1925:
1923:
1921:
1919:
1917:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1903:
1897:
1894:
1893:
1890:
1889:
1887:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1865:
1864:
1861:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1848:
1845:
1842:
1841:
1838:
1837:
1835:
1833:
1831:
1829:
1827:
1824:
1823:
1821:
1818:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1809:
1808:
1805:
1804:
1802:
1799:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1792:
1789:
1786:
1785:
1782:
1781:
1779:
1777:
1775:
1772:
1771:
1769:
1766:
1765:
1763:
1757:
1754:
1753:
1750:
1749:
1747:
1744:
1743:
1741:
1738:
1737:
1734:
1731:
1730:
1727:
1726:
1724:
1722:
1720:
1718:
1716:
1714:
1712:
1709:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1702:
1700:
1694:
1691:
1690:
1687:
1686:
1684:
1681:
1680:
1678:
1675:
1674:
1668:
1665:
1664:
1661:
1660:
1658:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1650:
1648:
1645:
1644:
1642:
1639:
1636:
1635:
1632:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1625:
1623:
1620:
1619:
1613:
1610:
1609:
1606:
1605:
1603:
1601:
1599:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1585:
1583:
1577:
1574:
1573:
1570:
1569:
1567:
1564:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1557:
1551:
1548:
1547:
1544:
1543:
1541:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1527:
1525:
1519:
1516:
1515:
1512:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1499:
1493:
1490:
1489:
1486:
1485:
1483:
1481:
1479:
1477:
1475:
1473:
1471:
1469:
1467:
1464:
1463:
1460:
1459:
1457:
1451:
1448:
1447:
1444:
1443:
1441:
1438:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1431:
1428:
1425:
1424:
1421:
1420:
1418:
1416:
1414:
1411:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1404:
1402:
1399:
1396:
1395:
1392:
1391:
1389:
1386:
1385:
1383:
1380:
1379:
1376:
1373:
1372:
1369:
1368:
1366:
1364:
1362:
1360:
1358:
1355:
1354:
1352:
1349:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1340:
1339:
1336:
1335:
1333:
1330:
1329:
1327:
1324:
1323:
1320:
1317:
1316:
1313:
1312:
1310:
1308:
1306:
1303:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1296:
1294:
1291:
1288:
1287:
1284:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1271:
1265:
1262:
1261:
1258:
1257:
1255:
1253:
1251:
1249:
1247:
1245:
1243:
1240:
1239:
1237:
1234:
1233:
1231:
1225:
1222:
1221:
1218:
1217:
1215:
1212:
1211:
1209:
1206:
1205:
1199:
1196:
1195:
1192:
1191:
1189:
1187:
1185:
1182:
1181:
1179:
1176:
1175:
1173:
1167:
1164:
1163:
1160:
1159:
1157:
1154:
1153:
1151:
1148:
1147:
1141:
1138:
1137:
1134:
1133:
1131:
1129:
1127:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1119:
1117:
1114:
1113:
1111:
1105:
1102:
1101:
1098:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1091:
1089:
1086:
1085:
1082:
1079:
1078:
1075:
1074:
1072:
1070:
1068:
1065:
1064:
1062:
1059:
1058:
1056:
1053:
1050:
1049:
1046:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1026:
1024:
1022:
1020:
1018:
1016:
1014:
1007:
1006:
1000:
998:
995:
963:
960:
845:
842:
747:
744:
734:
731:
671:
668:
615:Slavkov Castle
440:. He became a
417:
414:
336:) Castle near
269:
266:
203:
202:
199:
198:
196:
195:
192:
185:
183:
179:
178:
175:(aged 83)
169:
165:
164:
141:
137:
136:
132:
131:
128:
127:
122:
116:
115:
112:
106:
105:
84:
80:
79:
69:
68:
58:
57:
54:
53:
42:
34:
33:
30:
27:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3388:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3339:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3323:
3321:
3306:
3301:
3296:
3293:
3292:
3281:
3280:
3277:
3270:
3266:
3263:
3259:
3256:
3255:
3250:
3246:
3243:
3239:
3236:
3232:
3229:
3228:
3223:
3220:
3216:
3213:
3209:
3206:
3202:
3199:
3195:
3192:
3188:
3187:
3185:
3181:
3166:
3162:
3159:
3155:
3152:
3148:
3145:
3141:
3138:
3134:
3131:
3127:
3124:
3120:
3117:
3113:
3110:
3106:
3103:
3099:
3096:
3092:
3089:
3085:
3082:
3078:
3075:
3071:
3068:
3064:
3061:
3057:
3054:
3050:
3047:
3043:
3040:
3036:
3033:
3029:
3026:
3022:
3019:
3015:
3012:
3008:
3005:
3001:
2998:
2994:
2991:
2987:
2984:
2980:
2979:
2977:
2973:
2966:
2962:
2959:
2955:
2952:
2948:
2945:
2941:
2938:
2934:
2931:
2927:
2924:
2920:
2917:
2913:
2910:
2906:
2903:
2899:
2896:
2892:
2889:
2885:
2882:
2878:
2875:
2871:
2868:
2864:
2861:
2857:
2854:
2853:Adolph Knigge
2850:
2847:
2843:
2840:
2836:
2833:
2829:
2826:
2822:
2819:
2815:
2812:
2808:
2805:
2801:
2798:
2794:
2791:
2787:
2784:
2780:
2777:
2773:
2770:
2766:
2763:
2759:
2756:
2752:
2749:
2745:
2742:
2738:
2735:
2731:
2728:
2724:
2721:
2717:
2716:
2714:
2710:
2703:
2699:
2696:
2692:
2689:
2685:
2682:
2678:
2675:
2671:
2668:
2664:
2661:
2657:
2654:
2650:
2647:
2643:
2640:
2636:
2633:
2629:
2626:
2625:Anton Dereser
2622:
2619:
2615:
2612:
2611:Ignaz Cornova
2608:
2605:
2601:
2598:
2594:
2591:
2587:
2584:
2580:
2577:
2573:
2570:
2569:Karl Böttiger
2566:
2563:
2559:
2556:
2552:
2549:
2545:
2542:
2538:
2535:
2531:
2528:
2524:
2521:
2517:
2514:
2510:
2507:
2506:August Batsch
2503:
2500:
2496:
2493:
2489:
2486:
2485:Jens Baggesen
2482:
2479:
2475:
2472:
2468:
2465:
2461:
2460:
2458:
2454:
2450:
2447:
2443:
2436:
2432:
2429:
2425:
2421:
2417:
2413:
2410:
2406:
2403:
2399:
2395:
2391:
2387:
2384:
2380:
2376:
2372:
2368:
2365:
2361:
2360:
2358:
2354:
2350:
2343:
2338:
2336:
2331:
2329:
2324:
2323:
2320:
2311:
2302:
2301:
2294:
2288:
2283:
2279:
2275:
2271:
2269:
2265:
2261:
2260:
2255:
2254:
2243:
2242:
2235:
2227:
2226:
2220:
2212:
2205:
2200:
2194:
2193:ReichsfĂĽrstin
2188:
2182:
2176:
2170:
2165:
2161:
2159:
2158:
2149:
2142:
2136:
2130:
2126:
2122:
2121:
2114:
2098:
2094:
2088:
2081:
2075:
2067:
2066:
2060:
2052:
2050:
2048:
2039:
2038:
2033:
2029:
2024:
2023:public domain
2010:
2008:
2006:
1997:
1996:
1990:
1982:
1980:
1975:
1962:
1961:9780521466905
1958:
1954:
1953:
1944:
1942:
1940:
1938:
1936:
1934:
1932:
1930:
1928:
1926:
1924:
1922:
1920:
1918:
1916:
1914:
1912:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1905:
1902:
1896:
1895:
1892:
1891:
1882:
1881:
1876:
1875:
1867:
1866:
1863:
1862:
1857:
1856:
1851:
1850:
1844:
1843:
1840:
1839:
1826:
1825:
1820:
1819:
1811:
1810:
1807:
1806:
1801:
1800:
1795:
1794:
1788:
1787:
1784:
1783:
1774:
1773:
1768:
1767:
1762:
1756:
1755:
1752:
1751:
1746:
1745:
1740:
1739:
1733:
1732:
1729:
1728:
1711:
1710:
1705:
1704:
1699:
1693:
1692:
1689:
1688:
1683:
1682:
1677:
1676:
1673:
1667:
1666:
1663:
1662:
1653:
1652:
1647:
1646:
1638:
1637:
1634:
1633:
1628:
1627:
1622:
1621:
1618:
1612:
1611:
1608:
1607:
1594:
1593:
1588:
1587:
1582:
1576:
1575:
1572:
1571:
1566:
1565:
1560:
1559:
1556:
1550:
1549:
1546:
1545:
1536:
1535:
1530:
1529:
1524:
1518:
1517:
1514:
1513:
1508:
1507:
1502:
1501:
1498:
1492:
1491:
1488:
1487:
1466:
1465:
1462:
1461:
1456:
1450:
1449:
1446:
1445:
1440:
1439:
1434:
1433:
1427:
1426:
1423:
1422:
1413:
1412:
1407:
1406:
1398:
1397:
1394:
1393:
1388:
1387:
1382:
1381:
1375:
1374:
1371:
1370:
1357:
1356:
1351:
1350:
1342:
1341:
1338:
1337:
1332:
1331:
1326:
1325:
1319:
1318:
1315:
1314:
1305:
1304:
1299:
1298:
1290:
1289:
1286:
1285:
1280:
1279:
1274:
1273:
1270:
1264:
1263:
1260:
1259:
1242:
1241:
1236:
1235:
1230:
1224:
1223:
1220:
1219:
1214:
1213:
1208:
1207:
1204:
1203:Liechtenstein
1198:
1197:
1194:
1193:
1184:
1183:
1178:
1177:
1172:
1166:
1165:
1162:
1161:
1156:
1155:
1150:
1149:
1146:
1140:
1139:
1136:
1135:
1122:
1121:
1116:
1115:
1110:
1104:
1103:
1100:
1099:
1094:
1093:
1088:
1087:
1081:
1080:
1077:
1076:
1067:
1066:
1061:
1060:
1052:
1051:
1048:
1047:
1042:
1041:
1036:
1035:
1029:
1013:
1012:
1009:
1008:
1004:
1003:
994:
992:
988:
983:
981:
977:
973:
969:
968:rapprochement
959:
957:
953:
952:
946:
941:
936:
934:
930:
926:
922:
918:
914:
910:
906:
901:
899:
894:
889:
887:
883:
879:
875:
871:
867:
863:
862:Royal Academy
855:
850:
841:
839:
835:
831:
827:
823:
819:
815:
810:
808:
804:
800:
797:and occupied
796:
792:
788:
784:
783:Prussian Army
780:
775:
773:
769:
765:
761:
757:
753:
752:rapprochement
743:
740:
726:
722:
720:
716:
712:
708:
707:ancien régime
704:
700:
696:
695:Ballhausplatz
676:
667:
665:
664:
659:
658:
653:
649:
645:
641:
637:
633:
629:
625:
624:
616:
611:
607:
605:
601:
597:
593:
589:
583:
578:
574:
570:
566:
562:
559:after it was
558:
553:
551:
547:
543:
542:Silesian Wars
539:
535:
531:
527:
522:
520:
519:Maria Theresa
516:
512:
508:
505:, and to the
504:
500:
496:
492:
488:
484:
483:Imperial Diet
479:
477:
473:
469:
465:
461:
457:
456:
451:
447:
443:
439:
435:
431:
427:
423:
413:
411:
407:
403:
399:
394:
392:
388:
384:
383:
378:
374:
373:Aulic Council
370:
366:
363:and the 1697
362:
359:against King
358:
354:
353:
348:
347:
341:
339:
335:
331:
327:
323:
319:
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
287:
283:
279:
275:
265:
263:
262:
257:
253:
249:
245:
244:Maria Theresa
241:
237:
233:
229:
225:
221:
217:
213:
209:
200:
193:
190:
187:
186:
184:
180:
170:
166:
163:
158:
154:
142:
138:
133:
129:
126:
123:
117:
113:
107:
103:
98:
93:
88:
87:Maria Theresa
85:
81:
75:
70:
67:
63:
59:
55:
50:
46:
40:
35:
25:
20:
3289:
3262:John Robison
3252:
3225:
2831:
2811:Isaak Iselin
2298:
2273:
2257:
2239:
2234:
2223:
2211:
2163:
2153:
2148:
2140:
2135:
2118:
2113:
2101:. Retrieved
2096:
2087:
2079:
2074:
2063:
2035:
1993:
1951:
1454:
984:
967:
965:
949:
937:
902:
890:
859:
829:
817:
811:
795:Saxon forces
785:invaded the
776:
751:
749:
736:
714:
691:
661:
655:
621:
619:
563:under Count
554:
532:, while its
523:
490:
480:
453:
419:
395:
380:
377:Reichshofrat
376:
350:
344:
342:
333:
316:clan in the
301:
288:Countess of
285:
271:
259:
207:
206:
173:(1794-06-27)
171:27 June 1794
120:Succeeded by
73:
43:Portrait by
3331:1794 deaths
3326:1711 births
3205:Josephinism
2681:Junius Frey
2390:Freemasonry
2383:Rationalism
2157:ReichsfĂĽrst
2099:(in German)
951:FĂĽrstenbund
868:and one of
844:Josephinism
830:ReichsfĂĽrst
717:). The new
699:great power
683: 1750
580: [
464:Netherlands
442:chamberlain
398:Starhemberg
290:East Frisia
110:Preceded by
99:(1790–1792)
94:(1780–1790)
89:(1753–1780)
3320:Categories
2420:Jacobinism
2409:Secularism
2371:Liberalism
2304:1744–1746
2103:6 December
993:cemetery.
987:Francis II
945:Leopold II
913:Innviertel
856:in Vienna)
685: – c.
652:Versailles
640:Protestant
571:, then to
487:Regensburg
455:Grand Tour
450:Charles VI
416:Early life
391:Westphalia
334:Austerlitz
261:ReichfĂĽrst
252:Leopold II
146:1711-02-02
102:Francis II
97:Leopold II
2902:Beda Mayr
1269:Sternberg
893:Joseph II
882:Jansenism
818:Staatsrat
687: 52
623:Geheimrat
536:, Prince
346:Geheimrat
324:duchy of
302:Kounicové
248:Joseph II
92:Joseph II
74:In office
3291:Category
3183:See also
2129:40105021
1963:, ch. 1.
997:Ancestry
931:and the
884:and the
878:mortmain
657:Lumières
557:Brussels
534:governor
499:Florence
491:Ratisbon
448:emperor
446:Habsburg
322:Silesian
298:Cirksena
294:Rietberg
228:diplomat
191:(father)
83:Monarchs
2445:Members
2356:History
2282:1875848
2268:1876544
2199:Reichs-
2025::
991:Slavkov
927:in the
799:Dresden
628:Prussia
592:Silesia
577:Kaunitz
569:Antwerp
528:in the
476:England
444:of the
434:Leipzig
422:canonry
387:Moravia
330:Slavkov
326:Troppau
314:Vršovci
278:Austria
182:Parents
157:Austria
64:of the
3283:
2280:
2266:
2127:
2019:
1959:
772:Sweden
644:Russia
604:French
573:Aachen
474:, and
462:, the
460:Berlin
438:Leiden
430:Vienna
274:Vienna
268:Family
250:, and
212:German
153:Vienna
104:(1792)
2278:JSTOR
2264:JSTOR
2125:JSTOR
1971:Notes
789:in a
596:Glatz
584:]
511:Turin
472:Paris
468:Italy
385:) of
306:Czech
220:Czech
2105:2023
1957:ISBN
1553:25.
1521:12.
1495:24.
1143:18.
768:1757
594:and
517:for
503:Rome
436:and
352:Graf
338:Brno
292:and
168:Died
140:Born
3251:'s
2975:N—Z
2712:G—M
2456:A—F
2175:von
2034:".
1696:3.
1579:6.
1453:1.
1227:2.
1169:9.
1107:4.
805:by
650:in
485:of
458:to
286:née
264:).
3322::
2222:.
2181:zu
2178:,
2095:.
2046:^
2004:^
1992:.
1978:^
982:.
935:.
840:.
774:.
680:c.
582:de
521:.
501:,
478:.
470:,
466:,
432:,
412:.
393:.
340:.
276:,
246:,
222::
218:,
214::
155:,
2422:)
2418:(
2396:)
2392:(
2377:)
2373:(
2341:e
2334:t
2327:v
2206:.
2107:.
1998:.
713:(
489:(
375:(
332:(
258:(
210:(
159:,
148:)
144:(
51:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
